title: Activation of protein kinase C in human uterine smooth muscle induces connexin-43 gene transcription through an AP-1 site in the promoter sequence.
abstract: Myometrial connexin-43 gap junctions are scarce throughout gestation but appear in large numbers at term to facilitate contractions during labor. The mechanisms that regulate this process are incompletely characterized. This report investigates the effects of protein kinase C activation on the regulation of connexin-43 gene transcription in human uterine smooth muscle cells. In primary myometrial cells treated with phorbol ester, transient increases in c-Fos and c-Jun protein levels were observed at 2-4 h, followed by significant increases in connexin-43 protein levels at 6-8 h. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis showed an increase in connexin-43 transcription 3 h after phorbol ester treatment. AP-1 sites were identified in the sequence of the 5'-flanking promoter region of the human connexin-43 gene at 44 and 1000 base pairs upstream of transcription start. Transcription from a reporter plasmid containing the proximal human connexin-43 promoter was increased in transfected primary cultures treated with phorbol ester. Mutation of the proximal AP-1 site in the promoter abolished the phorbol ester-dependent transactivation. This work provides evidence that transcription of the human connexin-43 gene is induced through protein kinase C activation in uterine smooth muscle cells, and that the induction involves up-regulation and activation of c-Jun and c-Fos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8091, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geimonen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Garfield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016762:Genes, fos; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009215:Myometrium / Q000201:enzymology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D011493:Protein Kinase C