title: An engineered Tetrahymena tRNAGln for in vivo incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins by nonsense suppression.
abstract: A new tRNA, THG73, has been designed and evaluated as a vehicle for incorporating unnatural amino acids site-specifically into proteins expressed in vivo using the stop codon suppression technique. The construct is a modification of tRNAGln(CUA) from Tetrahymena thermophila, which naturally recognizes the stop codon UAG. Using electrophysiological studies of mutations at several sites of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, it is established that THG73 represents a major improvement over previous nonsense suppressors both in terms of efficiency and fidelity of unnatural amino acid incorporation. Compared with a previous tRNA used for in vivo suppression, THG73 is as much as 100-fold less likely to be acylated by endogenous synthetases of the Xenopus oocyte. This effectively eliminates a major concern of the in vivo suppression methodology, the undesirable incorporation of natural amino acids at the suppression site. In addition, THG73 is 4-10-fold more efficient at incorporating unnatural amino acids in the oocyte system. Taken together, these two advances should greatly expand the range of applicability of the in vivo nonsense suppression methodology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Saks
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Abelson
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dougherty
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000215:Acylation; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012351:RNA, Transfer, Gln / Q000235:genetics*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013489:Suppression, Genetic; D016808:Tetrahymena thermophila / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D012351:RNA, Transfer, Gln; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; D000109:Acetylcholine