Effect of probenecid on the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of cidofovir in rabbits.
The effect of concomitant probenecid on the tissue distribution, metabolism, and urinary excretion of cidofovir was examined in New Zealand white rabbits. Two groups of six male rabbits received intravenous [3H]cidofovir (5 mg/kg, 20 mu Ci/kg) alone or with concomitant intravenous probenecid (90 mg/kg). Radioactivity in kidney at 15 min postdose was decreased 70% by probenecid; plasma levels at 15 min postdose were increased 65% by probenecid. These effects were diminished at later time points. The estimated elimination half-life of cidofovir from the kidney was 16 hr in the presence of probenecid and 11 hr without probenecid. Two additional groups of six rabbits received intravenous [14C]cidofovir (15 mg/kg, 100 mu Ci/kg) alone or 1 hr after oral administration of probenecid (90 mg/kg). Radioactivity was highest in the kidney (approximately 700 mu g-eq/g at 30 min postdose). Probenecid did not affect the gross distribution of radioactivity. However, autoradiography of left kidneys revealed localization of the drug in the renal cortex; radioactivity in the cortex at 30 min postdose was decreased 50% by probenecid. These data are consistent with inhibition of tubular secretion of cidofovir by probenecid. More than 73% of the cidofovir dose was recovered in the urine in 24 hr. Urine contained unchanged cidofovir (>97%) and a metabolite coeluting with authentic cidofovir phosphocholine (2%). This metabolite also accounted for approximately 1-4% of the radioactivity in rabbit kidney.
Cundy
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Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
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Lee
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D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001345:Autoradiography; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003596:Cytosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D011339:Probenecid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014528:Uricosuric Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D014528:Uricosuric Agents; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir; D011339:Probenecid