title: Antenatal fetal heart rate and "maternal intuition" as predictors of fetal sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the antenatal fetal heart rate is a reliable predictor of fetal sex, if there is any correlation between "maternal intuition" and fetal gender, and if maternal intuition favors one sex over the other.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twelve consecutive maternity patients with singleton gestations underwent a total of 2,261 antepartum visits. Fetal heart rate assessment was carried out between 14 and 41 weeks of gestation. At 32 weeks, participants were asked if they had a strong intuitive feeling regarding the fetal gender. Following birth, data on the infant were recorded, and the information was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the baseline fetal heart rate between male and female fetuses at any recorded gestational age. One hundred ten patients (51.9%) in the sample indicated a strong belief about the sex of their fetuses, with the majority (63.6%) predicting a male. The accuracy of maternal intuition, however, was not significantly different from that of random guessing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current era of declining family size, an increased focus on absolute reproductive choice and proliferating reproductive technological services, prenatal sex determination and sex selection will continue to provoke increasing attention. Fetal heart rate determination and maternal intuition, however, are not valid predictors of fetal gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genuis
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Genuis
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019545:Intuition / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*