title: Vertical Duane's retraction syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report three patients with a rare variant of Duane's retraction syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye movements were recorded by electro-oculography. One patient underwent electro-myography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients showed V-incommitance and twitch abduction on vertical saccades. Electromyography showed lateral rectus muscle firing activity during upgaze and downgaze.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our patients showed synergistic innervation between the lateral rectus muscle and ipsilateral vertical acting muscles documented by electromyography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Strabismus and Neuroophthalmology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinacht
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gottlob
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009802:Oculomotor Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology