title: An inquiry into application of Gokyo (Aikido's Fifth Teaching) on human anatomy.
abstract: In this anatomical analysis the authors examined Gokyo, Aikido's Fifth Teaching. Using their cadaver/anatomist-observer model, the authors observed that tissues manipulated by the technique were primarily on the dorsal side of the wrist, proximal to the second metacarpal. The source of the pain was thought to involve the manipulation of the wrist joints and associated carpometacarpal ligaments. Locations of the manipulated tissue and sources of pain associated with that tissue, and their limited practical application were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guldbrandsen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*