title: Laparoscopic transillumination for the location of anterior abdominal wall blood vessels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of transillumination for locating abdominal wall vessels prior to trocar placement during laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal human volunteers in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven white and 21 black women of various weights undergoing laparoscopy for clinical indications unrelated to this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  The location and number of abdominal wall vessels visible by transillumination were recorded for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women of normal weight, a single vessel could be seen approximately 5 cm from the midline in > 90% of the patients, and second vessel approximately 8 cm from the midline could also be seen in 51%. The more medial vessels did not correlate with the course of the inferior epigastric vessels seen laparoscopically. The ability to see vessels was decreased significantly by the patients' weight but not by skin color.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superficial abdominal wall vessels may be located by transillumination in the majority of women of normal weight regardless of skin color, but is of less value in overweight and obese women. However, the deep (inferior) epigastric vessels cannot be effectively located by transillumination, and thus other techniques should be used to minimize the risk of injury to these vessels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Quint
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hurd
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D019074:Epigastric Arteries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D014172:Transillumination / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome