title: Nocturnal ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin secretion in prepubertal depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine nocturnal secretion of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in 38 medically healthy children with prepubertal major depression compared with 28 medically and psychiatrically healthy control children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to sampling, subjects underwent an "adaptation night" with the intravenous catheter in place and electroencephalographic (EEG) electrodes for standard all-night polysomnogram. On the following night, plasma samples were obtained every 20 minutes through an indwelling catheter. Hormonal concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassay and aligned by EEG-confirmed sleep onset. Areas under the curve were calculated for total secretion and compared using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prepubertal depressed children had lower cortisol secretion during the first 4 hours after sleep onset compared with controls. Adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion did not differ between groups. Examination of clinical characteristics in depressed children revealed lower nocturnal adrenocorticotropin concentrations in depressed inpatients versus depressed outpatients and in depressed sexually abused versus depressed nonabused children. A significant sex by diagnosis effect revealed lower growth hormone secretion in depressed females compared with depressed males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to neuroendocrine challenge studies in these same subjects, nocturnal neuroendocrine measures did not reveal any of the expected group differences. These results emphasize the contrasts between unstimulated and challenge studies of neuroendocrine secretion and of the importance of considering clinical characteristics and maturation influences in biological studies of prepubertal depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA. mddb+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: De Bellis
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Perel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birmaher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: al-Shabbout
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone