title: Transcatheter subendocardial infusion. A novel technique for mapping and ablation of ventricular myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catheter ablation with radiofrequency energy is feasible in a limited subset of patients with ventricular tachycardia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a technique for mapping and ablation of ventricular myocardium with the use of transcatheter subendocardial infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A needle-tipped deflectable electrode catheter was used to deliver reagents to endocardial target sites. This was equipped with two central lumens to allow sequential administration of mapping and ablation injectants with minimal admixture. The mapping injectant consisted of a mixture of lidocaine, iohexal, and glycerin; the ablation injectant contained ethanol, iohexal, and glycerin. Infusion of the mapping injectant (1 cm3 over 3 or 5 seconds, n = 14) produced a stain on fluoroscopy and increased local capture threshold by 61%. No lesions resulted from mapping infusions. Infusion of the ethanol-containing injectant (n = 48) produced discrete lesions, with a mean volume ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 cm3. There was a direct relationship between infusion volume, infusion duration, and resultant lesion volume. Fibrosis in a region of healed myocardial infarction did not impair diffusion of the injectant or affect lesion dimensions. Microscopic analysis of chronic lesions showed a sharply demarcated border zone between fibrotic and normal myocardium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter subendocardial infusion can be used to reversibly impair local excitability and mark an injection site fluoroscopically. Subendocardial injection of ethanol can predictably ablate a large volume of ventricular myocardium. Additional study of this system in an arrhythmia model will help to define its potential for mapping and ablation of hypotensive ventricular tachycardia.
authors.affiliation: Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga 30322, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goette
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Honeycutt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleischman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004699:Endocardium / Q000601:surgery*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol