title: Management of primary and metastatic tumors to the liver.
abstract: Primary and metastatic liver tumors continue to be a significant health problem in the United States. Hepatic resection or, in selected cases, transplantation are the only curative therapies for patients with resectable disease confined to the liver. Careful preoperative selection is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical explorations that considerably reduce the quality of the short remaining life of patients with unresectable tumors. The surgeon needs to understand the role of imaging techniques in the evaluation of hepatic tumors for better selection of the patients who are candidates for an aggressive surgical approach. Several other therapeutic options are available for patients with unresectable disease. Until further research delineates the specific interactions among environmental factors, hepatic injury, hepatic regeneration, host factors, and molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation that can lead to specific preventive and treatment interventions, control of this disease will continue to rely on modifications of currently available treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conaway
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome