title: Spontaneous hemopneumothorax.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is a rare disorder, occurring in 1% to 12% of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. We studied our previously treated patients to determine the nature of optimal operative management.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case study. From 1987 to 1994, of 428 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax that occurred in 234 patients treated at our institution, hemopneumothorax developed in 10 patients (2.3%). The clinical features of these patients were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of bleeding ranged from 600 to 1,600 mL, and 3 patients exhibited symptoms of shock, such as sweating, nausea, and syncope. Six patients underwent operation within 7 days from the onset, and this involved resection of the bullae or pneumorrhaphy, or both. The source of bleeding was identified in 5 patients. Pathologic examination showed marked fibrosis with alcian blue-positive deposits of aberrant vessels. All 6 patients continue to be well postoperatively without recurrence or complications. Four patients did not undergo early thoracotomy. However, decortication was required in 3 of these patients because of a reactive fluid collection in the pleural space, which led to impaired lung expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early surgical repair should be considered once diagnosis of a spontaneous hemopneumothorax is confirmed, because this provides better long-term results. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery as well as minithoracotomy should be considered as surgical options because of the improved quality of life they confer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata City General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatebe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006468:Hemopneumothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged