title: Clinical reversal of multidrug resistance.
abstract: Reversal of drug resistance offers the hope of increasing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. We tested dexverapamil as a P-glycoprotein antagonist in combination with EPOCH chemotherapy in refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In a cross-over design, dexverapamil was added to EPOCH after disease stabilization or progression occurred. Objective responses were observed in 10 of 41 assessable patients. Biopsies for mdr-1 were obtained before EPOCH treatment and at the time of cross-over to dexverapamil. Levels of mdr-1 were low before EPOCH, but increased four-fold or more in 42% of patients in whom serial samples were obtained. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed median peak concentrations of dexverapamil and its metabolite, nor-dexverapamil, of 1.66 mumol/l and 1.58 mumol/l, respectively. Since both are comparable antagonists, a median peak total reversing concentration of 3.24 mumol/l was achieved. Pharmacokinetic analysis of doxorubicin and etoposide levels confirmed a delay in the clearance of doxorubicin ranging from 5% to 24%; no change in the pharmacokinetics of etoposide was observed. This study provides sufficient rationale for testing dexverapamil in a randomized clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Fojo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hose
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monks
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chabner
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005047:Etoposide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D014700:Verapamil; D011241:Prednisone