title: Outcome of mechanical lithotripsy of bile duct stones in an unselected series of 704 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper evaluates the potential benefit of non mechanical bile duct stone lithotripsy techniques. The efficacy, limitations and risks of mechanical lithotripsy as first choice procedure were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed by Erlangen-type papillotomes, stone extraction by Olympus baskets and mechanical lithotripsy by the Wurbs-system. In an unselected series of 704 patients, everyone with common bile and hepatic duct stones (independent of size, number, location and stone consistency) was included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete stone clearance by endoscopic sphincterotomy and basket extraction was possible in 87.6%. Additional mechanical lithotripsy led to a success rate of 98.4% and in combination with ESWL of 98.5%. In 11 patients without possibility of endoscopic stone removal (1.6%), 4 had no access transpapillary (B-II-situs or duodenal diverticulum), 5 anatomical problems (S-shaped common bile duct, intrahepatic stones or impacted stones in cystic duct orifice), and 2 refused further endoscopic interventions. Complication rate was 1.4% (thereof 1.1% successful treatment by endoscopic or surgical means), lethality rate 0.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A very high rate of stone clearance by standard endoscopic procedures is possible. In those patients where mechanical lithotripsy is not successful, other non-surgical lithotriptic procedures either cannot be applied because of anatomical reasons or if performed, the improvement in success rate is marginal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hintze
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Veltzke
mesh_terms: D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000628:therapy*; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome