Multiple channel types contribute to the low-voltage-activated calcium current in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons.
Hippocampal neurons exhibit low-voltage-activated (LVA) and high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium currents. We characterized the LVA current by recording whole-cell Ca2+ currents from acutely isolated rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in 2 mM Ca2+. Long depolarizing steps to -50 mV revealed two components to the LVA current: transient and sustained. The transient phase had a fast decay time constant of 59 msec. The sustained phase persisted throughout the depolarization, even for steps lasting several seconds. The transient current was inhibited by the classic T-type channel antagonists Ni2+ and amiloride. The anticonvulsant phenytoin preferentially blocked the sustained phase, but ethosuximide had no effect. Steady-state inactivation of the transient component was half-maximal at -80 mV. Nimodipine, an L-type channel antagonist, partly inhibited the sustained current. BayK-8644, an L-type channel agonist, potentiated the sustained current. Calciseptine, another L-type channel antagonist, inhibited the sustained component. omega-Conotoxin-MVIIC, a nonselective toxin for HVA channels, had no effect on either of the LVA current components. omega-Grammotoxin-SIA, another nonselective toxin, partially inhibited the sustained component. The voltage dependence of activation of the nimodipine-sensitive current could be fit with a single Boltzmann, consistent with a homogenous population of L-type channels in CA3 neurons. Half-maximal activation of the nimodipine-sensitive current occurred at -30 mV, considerably more negative than the remaining HVA current. These results suggest that in physiologic Ca2+ more than one type of Ca2+ channel contributes to the LVA current in CA3 neurons. The transient current is carried by T-type channels. The sustained current is carried, at least in part, by dihydropyridine-sensitive channels. Thus, the designation "low-voltage-activated" should not be limited to T-type channels. These findings challenge the traditional designation of L-type channels as exclusively HVA and reveal a possible role in subthreshold Ca2+ signaling.
Avery
R B
RB
Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Johnston
D
D
D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000494:pharmacology
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D014118:Toxins, Biological