title: Interaction of the indirectly acting topical sympathomimetics cocaine and pholedrine.
abstract: In suspected Horner's syndrome, cocaine eye drops are applied to verify the diagnosis. Subsequent application of hydroxyamphetamine or pholedrine eye drops allows localization of the site of the interruption in the oculosympathetic pathway. In the present study the influence of cocaine on subsequent pholedrine testing was examined. Cocaine 5% and pholedrine 5% eye drops were applied to eight (72-h interval only six) normal volunteers with light-colored irides. The ages of the subjects ranged from 23 to 40 years. Eye drops were applied to the same eye at varying intervals of up to 72 h, with the cocaine being given between 8:30 and 9:30 a.m. Pupil diameters were recorded by means of a frame-grabber card in a personal computer and were subsequently measured before and at 50-60 min after each drug application in 1.7 cd/m2 ambient light. In the absence of pretreatment with cocaine, pholedrine changed the mean pupil diameter from 6.89 to 8.57 mm. At 12 h after cocaine pretreatment the pupil remained dilated. Pholedrine dilated the pupil further, from 7.69 to 8.61 mm. When cocaine was given 24 h before pholedrine, the pupil dilated from 6.75 to 8.25 mm; at 48 h after cocaine application, pholedrine dilated the pupil from 6.14 to 8.20 mm; and at 72 h after cocaine pretreatment, pholedrine dilated the pupil from 5.74 to 8.00 mm. As compared with the mean diameter of the untreated contralateral pupil, the pholedrine-induced dilation amounted to 2.32 mm in the absence of cocaine pretreatment, 1.04 mm at 12 h after cocaine application, 1.29 mm at 24 h after cocaine administration, 1.89 mm at 48 h after cocaine pretreatment, and 2.18 mm at 72 h after cocaine application. The residual cocaine effect interfered with the mean pupil dilation produced by pholedrin for at least 48 h. To ensure that the sensitivity of the pholedrine test is maximal, the examiner should delay its use for more than 48 h after the cocaine test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuro-ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kriegbaum
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D008694:Methamphetamine; C005877:pholedrine; D003042:Cocaine