title: HIV-1 subtype O: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and perspectives of the evolution of HIV.
abstract: HIV-1 subtype O is a new HIV variant originating in the West-Central African region, with highest prevalences in countries such as Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Detection of antibodies to HIV-1 subtype O can pose problems in unmodified ELISA tests, and confirmation of anti-HIV-1 subtype O in immunoblot may give false negative results in some specimens. Nucleic acid-based assays designed for HIV-1 detection do not amplify or detect sequences from HIV-1 subtype O. In their env sequences, HIV-1 subtype O strains show a higher heterogeneity than the classical HIV-1 subtypes, leading to the conclusion that HIV-1 subtype O has been introduced into the human population only recently. Further, unidentified subtypes are also likely to exist.
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gürtler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zekeng
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tsague
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Brunn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Afane Ze
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaptue
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D000350:Africa, Central / Q000453:epidemiology; D000354:Africa, Western / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D015752:Genes, env; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D011323:Primates / Q000145:classification; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D012367:RNA, Viral