title: Connective tissue and joint disease in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Connective tissue is ubiquitous and subject to alterations that result in changes in the extracellular matrix of vessels and tissues leading to the long-term complications of diabetes. This article reviews only those abnormalities of interstitial connective tissue involving skeleton, joints, skin, and periarticular tissues. Abnormalities in the skin and periarticular tissues result in syndromes limiting joint movement, including limited joint mobility, Dupuytren disease, flexor tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, stiff-hand syndrome, and shoulder-hand reflex dystrophy. Of these, only limited joint mobility and stiff-hand syndrome occur exclusively in patients with diabetes. In all of these conditions, advanced glycation end products are thought to form as a result of nonenzymatic reaction of glucose with proteins, causing stiffening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Silverstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D004387:Dupuytren Contracture / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008947:Mixed Connective Tissue Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology