title: Enhanced blood conservation in primary coronary artery bypass surgery using heparin-bonded circuits with lower anticoagulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite many advances in blood conservation techniques, a significant proportion of patients undergoing primary coronary revascularization still require homologous transfusions. A comprehensive strategy to diminish perioperative blood loss was developed by integrating many individual components to create an improved blood conservation environment and was prospectively applied to 557 patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures performed in our medical center over a 14-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 455 patients were treated with conventional, nonheparinbonded circuits (NHBCs) and full anticoagulation (activated clotting time [ACT] > 480 sec). We wanted to test the hypothesis of whether "tip-to-tip" heparin-bonded circuits (HBCs) used in conjunction with lower anticoagulation (ACT > 280 sec) when added to our current blood conservation environment can further enhance clinical outcomes. We prospectively applied this technique to a consecutive group of patients (n = 102).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to patients treated with NHBCs, patients treated with HBCs had a significantly lower mediastinal and pleural chest tube output in the first 24 hours (683 +/- 561 mL vs 984 +/- 616 mL, p < 0.00001) were less likely to be transfused (52% vs 68.1%, p < 0.01) and had a lower exposure to different blood donor units (4.1 +/- 8.4 vs 9.3 +/- 10.3, p < 0.000003). There were no complications directly related to HBCs used in conjunction with lower anticoagulation. Morbidity and mortality rates were similar in both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, HBCs in conjunction with lower anticoagulation were safely applied in patients undergoing primary CABG with marked improvement in blood conservation, and should be considered for broader clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Massachusetts 02118-2393, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Aldea
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Memmolo
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Treanor
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kupferschmid
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shemin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015505:Chest Tubes; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006494:Heparin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D010994:Pleura; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011479:Protamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006494:Heparin Antagonists; D011479:Protamines; D006493:Heparin