title: Middle ear anomalies induced by hypertriazene administration in the mouse.
abstract: The middle ear is derived from various embryonic tissues. Many experiments using teratogens have been performed, employing the difference of each tissue's sensitivity to the teratogen and the tissue's critical time of development. Triazene, a foliate metabolism antagonist, produced anomalies in fetuses that resembled those associated with thalidomide in humans, the so-called the first and second branchial syndrome. In our experiment, we administrated 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene, an inductor of triazene, to pregnant mice at 7 to 14 days of gestation resulting in unique fetal anomalies. We examined the development of the stapes, stapedial artery, facial nerve, and oval window using an optical microscopic and three-dimensional reconstruction. Middle ear and facial nerve anomalies in mice depend on the gestation day when triazene is administrated. The stapedial artery, oval window, facial nerve (horizontal segment), stapes footplate, and styloid process are affected on the 9th to 11th administration day, the annular stapedialis on the 10th to 11th day, and the malleus and incus on the 9th to 11th day. The use of the Vox View/Mac, allowed us to create three-dimensional pictures from two-dimensional slides providing an improved understanding of the relationships between anatomical structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010046:Oval Window, Ear / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D013199:Stapes / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects; D014226:Triazenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014226:Triazenes