Altered mitochondrial function in fibroblasts containing MELAS or MERRF mitochondrial DNA mutations.
A number of human diseases are caused by inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations. Two of these diseases, MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) and MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibres), are commonly caused by point mutations to tRNA genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Here we report on how these mutations affect mitochondrial function in primary fibroblast cultures established from a MELAS patient containing an A to G mutation at nucleotide 3243 in the tRNA(Leu(UUR) gene and a MERRF patient containing an A to G mutation at nucleotide 8344 in the tRNA(Lys) gene. Both mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration rate were significantly decreased in digitonin-permeabilized MELAS and MERRF fibroblasts respiring on glutamate/malate. A similar decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was found in intact MELAS and MERRF fibroblasts. The mitochondrial content of these cells, estimated by stereological analysis of electron micrographs and from measurement of mitochondrial marker enzymes, was similar in control, MELAS and MERRF cells. Therefore, in cultured fibroblasts, mutation of mitochondrial tRNA genes leads to assembly of bioenergetically incompetent mitochondria, not to an alteration in their amount. However, the cell volume occupied by secondary lysosomes and residual bodies in the MELAS and MERRF cells was greater than in control cells, suggesting increased mitochondrial degradation in these cells. In addition, fibroblasts containing mitochondrial DNA mutations were 3-4-fold larger than control fibroblasts. The implications of these findings for the pathology of mitochondrial diseases are discussed.
James
A M
AM
Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Wei
Y H
YH
Pang
C Y
CY
Murphy
M P
MP
D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D017243:MERRF Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017354:Point Mutation; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D012356:RNA, Transfer, Leu / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D012356:RNA, Transfer, Leu; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III