title: Clinical sequelae associated with squaric acid dibutylester topical sensitization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) is a potent topical sensitizer used in the treatment of various cutaneous conditions. Currently, there are no standardized protocols defining safe sensitization methods or treatment regimens following sensitization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This is a literature review of the clinical use of SADBE and a report of our experience with SADBE therapy and its potential hazards.
  
  
  METHODS
  SADBE was applied with a cotton swab to the forearm of 14 patients to induce contact dermatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of 14 patients (71%) had severe eczematous reactions at the site of sensitization, and 9 of 14 (64%) developed disseminated reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard protocols delineating safe methods of sensitization and treatment with SADBE need further development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Blattel
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017443:Skin Diseases, Eczematous / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D003503:Cyclobutanes; C020637:squaric acid dibutyl ester