title: Effect of cetirizine on the inflammatory cells in mosquito bites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mosquito bites frequently cause wealing and delayed papules which appear within a few hours after the bites and may persist for several days. Cetirizine is an effective drug against mosquito bites by decreasing wealing and also the size and pruritus of the delayed bite papules.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize inflammatory cells in the delayed mosquito-bite lesions, and to study the effect of cetirizine on the inflammatory cell response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six mosquito-bite sensitive subjects received cetirizine 20 mg (14 subjects) or placebo (12 subjects) in a double-blind fashion. Aedes aegypti-bites were given on a forearm and serial punch biopsies were taken at 2-, 6- and 24h after the bite exposure. Eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, mononuclear cells and T- helper (CD4+) and suppressor (CD8+) lymphocytes were counted from dermal infiltrates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eosinophils and neutrophils were found already in 2-h bite lesions. Moreover, the number of mononuclear and CD4+ cells increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 2- to 24-h bite lesions. Unexpectedly, the overall numbers of eosinophils (P < 0.05), mononuclear cells (P < 0.01) and CD4+ cells (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the cetirizine-treated subjects compared with the placebo-treated subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the inflammatory cell response in the delayed mosquito-bite lesions is similar to that occurring in allergic late-phase responses, i.e. an early influx of eosinophils, neutrophils and subsequent accumalation of CD4+ lymphocytes. The reason for the high numbers of eosinophils and CD4+ cells in the cetirizine-treated subjects is not known.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karppinen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaalasti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palosuo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reunala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009033:Culicidae; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D017332:Cetirizine