title: Neuromodulation of detrusor hyper-reflexia by functional magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the acute effects of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) on detrusor hyper-reflexia using a multi-pulse magnetic stimulator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven male patients with established and intractable detrusor hyper-reflexia following spinal cord injury were studied. No patient was on medication and none had had previous surgery for detrusor hyper-reflexia. After optimization of magnetic stimulation of S2-S4 sacral anterior roots by recording toe flexor electromyograms, unstable detrusor activity was provoked during cystometry by rapid infusion of fluid into the bladder. The provocation test produced consistent and predictable detrusor hyper-reflexia. On some provocations, supramaximal FMS at 20 pulses/s for 5 s was applied at detrusor pressures which were > 15 cmH2O.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following FMS there was an obvious acute suppression of detrusor hyper-reflexia. There was a profound reduction in detrusor contraction, as assessed by the area under the curves of detrusor pressure with time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional magnetic stimulation applied over the sacrum can profoundly suppress detrusor hyper-reflexia in man. It may provide a non-invasive method of assessing patients for implantable electrical neuromodulation devices and as a therapeutic option in its own right.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology, St Peter's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sheriff
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Craggs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011312:Pressure; D011930:Reaction Time; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D012447:Sacrum / Q000294:innervation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*