title: Transcriptional regulation of the proton-translocating ATPase (atpIBEFHAGDC) operon of Escherichia coli: control by cell growth rate.
abstract: The F0F1 proton-translocating ATPase complex of Escherichia coli, encoded by the atpIBEFHAGDC operon, catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi during aerobic and anaerobic growth when respiratory substrates are present. It can also catalyze the reverse reaction to hydrolyze ATP during nonrespiratory conditions (i.e., during fermentation of simple sugars) in order to maintain a electrochemical proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane. To examine how the atp genes are expressed under different conditions of cell culture, atpI-lacZ operon fusions were constructed and analyzed in single copy on the bacterial chromosome or on low-copy-number plasmids. Expression varied over a relatively narrow range (about threefold) regardless of the complexity of the cell growth medium, the availability of different electron acceptors or carbon compounds, or the pH of the culture medium. In contrast to prior proposals, atp operon expression was shown to occur from a single promoter located immediately before atpI rather than from within it. The results of continuous-culture experiments suggest that the cell growth rate rather than the type of carbon compound used for growth is the major variable in controlling atp gene expression. Together, these studies establish that synthesis of the F0F1 ATPase is not greatly varied by modulating atp operon transcription.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kasimoglu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gunsalus
mesh_terms: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D003470:Culture Media; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007763:Lac Operon; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon; D010100:Oxygen; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C060704:FNR protein, E coli; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C041610:arcA protein, E coli; D002244:Carbon; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D010100:Oxygen