title: Bidirectional interaction of valproate and lamotrigine in healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine and valproate at three dosing levels of lamotrigine in normal volunteers receiving steady-state therapeutic doses of valproate.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open-label, randomized, three-way crossover study of 18 normal male volunteers. Subjects received oral valproate (500 mg Depakote twice a day) throughout the study. Each subject subsequently received three oral dosage regimens of lamotrigine (50, 100, or 150 mg/day) for 1 week each, with a 2-week washout period between lamotrigine treatment periods. Valproate and lamotrigine trough plasma samples were determined by a capillary gas chromatography method and immunofluorometric assay, respectively. Urine samples were assayed for 11 valproate metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to other studies in which lamotrigine was administered with no concurrent antiepileptic drug, concomitant valproate markedly increased the half-life of lamotrigine and decreased lamotrigine clearance, without substantial alteration in the linear kinetics of the drug. The addition of lamotrigine was associated with a small but significant 25% decrease in steady-state valproate plasma concentration. Oral clearance of valproate was increased (from 7.2 +/- 1.1 ml/hr/kg before lamotrigine treatment to 9.0 +/- 2.0 ml/hr/kg on day 28; p < 0.05). The formation clearance of the hepatotoxic valproate metabolites, 2-n-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene-valproate) and 2-propyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid [2(E),4-diene-valproate], was unaffected by lamotrigine administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a consequence of the interaction between lamotrigine and sodium valproate, a dosage reduction of lamotrigine should be considered in patients taking a combination of valproate and lamotrigine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Gidal
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wargin
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dren
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000077213:Lamotrigine