title: Protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on surgically treated uterine leiomyomas: a multicentre case--control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on uterine leiomyomas. DMPA has been widely used in Thailand for many years; uterine leiomyomas is the most common female tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre hospital-based case--control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University and regional hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were all newly diagnosed patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas, who were admitted to eight hospitals in three regions of Thailand from January 1991 to June 1993. Three controls matched with cases by sex, age within five years and date of admission within three months were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on socio-demographic factors, personal and family history, current disease, reproductive and contraceptive history was collected from cases and controls by interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 910 cases and 2709 controls. After univariate and unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated positively with uterine leiomyomas are tubal ligation, family history of uterine leiomyomas, higher education, obesity and abortion. In contrast, DMPA, use of oral contraceptives, higher parity and smoking are associated with a lower relative risk suggesting that they have a protective effect against uterine leiomyomas. This causative relation is further strengthened by the strong duration-response relation between DMPA and uterine leiomyomas. This protection may persist for more than 10 years after the last dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated a strong, duration dependent protective effect of DMPA against uterine leiomyomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lumbiganon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rugpao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phandhu-fung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laopaiboon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vudhikamraksa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Werawatakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018231:Leiomyomatosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D008875:Middle Aged; D017584:Reproductive History; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013785:Thailand; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate