title: Epidemiology of late diabetic complications. A basis for the development and evaluation of preventive programs.
abstract: This article examines the relationship between duration and level of glycemia in patients with diabetes and the occurrence of complications in the eyes, kidneys, and heart. Emphasis is placed on those aspects that are relevant to the development and evaluation of preventive and therapeutic programs against these complications. Data on patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are reviewed, and the similarities and differences with the data on patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Epidemiology and Genetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Krolewski
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Warram
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Freire
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors