title: Translocation of PKN from the cytosol to the nucleus induced by stresses.
abstract: Effects of environmental stresses on the subcellular localization of PKN were investigated in NIH 3T3, BALB/c 3T3, and Rat-1 cells. The immunofluorescence of PKN resided prominently in the cytoplasmic region in nonstressed cells. When these cells were treated at 42 degrees C, there was a time-dependent decrease of the immunofluorescence of PKN in the cytoplasmic region that correlated with an increase within the nucleus as observed by confocal microscope. After incubation at 37 degrees C following beat shock, the immunofluorescence of PKN returned to the perinuclear and cytoplasmic regions from the nucleus. The nuclear translocation of PKN by heat shock was supported by the biochemical subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting. The nuclear localization of PKN was also observed when the cells were exposed to other stresses such as sodium arsenite and serum starvation. These results raise the possibility that there is a pathway mediating stress signals from the cytosol to the nucleus through PKN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toshimori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takanaga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006358:Hot Temperature; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C017947:sodium arsenite; C061570:protein kinase N; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C