title: Spectroscopic imaging of human brain glutamate by water-suppressed J-refocused coherence transfer at 4.1 T.
abstract: The authors reported the development and implementation of a water-suppressed J-refocused coherence transfer sequence to observe glutamate in human brain at 4.1 T. The sequence is modeled for I2S2 and I2S2M spin systems analytically and plotted for a range of echo times. In this sequence, water suppression and refocusing of J-coupled resonances are achieved through a brief multiple quantum step without significant loss of signal. Phantom data are shown. Human brain spectroscopic imaging of glutamate, acquired with a total echo of 36 ms, demonstrates the application of the sequence to observe gray and white matter differences in glutamate content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pohost
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hetherington
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001834:Body Water; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004735:Energy Transfer; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002244:Carbon; C000179:N-acetylaspartate