title: Trauma system development in Armenia.
abstract: A medical partnership program between Boston University School of Medicine and the the Emergency Hospital, of Yerevan, Armenia, has been developed to improve the care of the injured in that city. The Emergency Hospital, a trauma center, was site-visited by experts from a Level I trauma center who evaluated prehospital and hospital-based emergency and trauma services and made system-wide recommendations. Recognizing local limitations, the hospital was found to have the leadership commitment, staff complement, and basic infrastructure to meet the American College of Surgeons' criteria for Level II trauma centers. The goal of integration of the academic, clinical, and research roles of a medical center consistent with Level I-type trauma centers was formulated. After 36 months, several issues raised in the assessment are being addressed notwithstanding political and economic turbulence. The Emergency Hospital has established an accredited residency program in emergency medicine; implemented programs for postgraduate medical education of its staff; begun to develop medical information systems; expanded the scope of its activities to other institutions; and restructured the emergency admissions area. Management systems remain largely undeveloped as the discipline lacks recognition as an analytic tool for institutional improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of existing published resources for assessment and improvement of health services in dissimilar health-care systems has been validated as a systematic approach. For system advances to be well-founded, a combination of education, management, and clinical approaches needs to be addressed. Of these, our experience is that management issues are the most resistant to change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D001136:Armenia; D001900:Boston; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D006739:Hospital Administration; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013597:Systems Analysis; D018581:Technology Transfer; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*