title: Extracellular simian virus 40 induces an ERK/MAP kinase-independent signalling pathway that activates primary response genes and promotes virus entry.
abstract: Simian virus 40 (SV40) binding to growth-arrested cells activated an intracellular signalling pathway that induced the up-regulation of the primary response genes c-myc, c-jun and c-sis within 30 min and of JE within 90 min. The up-regulation of the primary response genes occurred in the presence of cycloheximide and when UV-inactivated SV40 was adsorbed to cells. SV40 binding did not activate Raf or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP/ERK1), or mobilize intracellular Ca2+. The SV40-induced up-regulation of c-myc and c-jun was blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, and by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, calphostin C, but not by expression of the MAP kinase-specific phosphatase, MKP-1. These results suggest that the SV40-induced signalling pathway includes the activities of a tyrosine kinase and a Ca(2+)-independent isoform of PKC, but not of Raf or MAP kinase. Finally, SV40 infectious entry into cells was specifically and reversibly blocked by genistein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Dangoria
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Breau
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cishek
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Norkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D019833:Genistein; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D019833:Genistein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C058819:calphostin C; D002118:Calcium