title: Effect of intermittent warm blood cardioplegia on functional recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is some evidence that continuous warm blood cardioplegia offers good myocardial protection; however, the effects of interrupting cardioplegia remain controversial. To study this, we compared the effects of continuous and intermittent antegrade warm (37 degrees C) blood cardioplegia on functional recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest (180 minutes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four juvenile pigs were randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1 received continuous cardioplegia, group 2 underwent several periods of 15 minutes of cardioplegia interrupted by 5 minutes of normothermic ischemia, and group 3 underwent several periods of 10 minutes of cardioplegia interrupted by episodes of 10 minutes. The hearts of group 4 received no cardioplegia. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed from fractional left ventricular shortening and percentage left ventricular wall thickening, and left ventricular diastolic function was determined from the time constant of relaxation and the constant of myocardial stiffness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic and diastolic functions were slightly depressed 1 and 2 hours after cross-clamp removal in all four groups, without significant differences among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that antegrade warm blood cardioplegia can be interrupted for up to 10 minutes without obvious negative effects on left ventricular function in the normal myocardium, provided that the intermittent doses of cardioplegia are sufficient to restore the metabolic demands of the arrested myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tönz
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Krogmann
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leskosek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mihaljevic
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: von Segesser
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Turina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left