title: Herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, impairs hypercalcemia associated with a human squamous cancer producing interleukin-6 in nude mice.
abstract: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that is produced not only by a variety of normal cells but also by cancer cells. IL-6 produced by cancer cells stimulates the proliferation of these cancer cells in an autocrine/ paracrine manner and causes paraneoplastic syndromes including hypercalcemia, cachexia, and leukocytosis. We have reported previously that a human oral squamous cancer associated with hypercalcemia produces large amounts of IL-6, that animals bearing this cancer exhibit elevated levels of plasma IL-6, and that neutralizing antibodies to human IL-6 reverse hypercalcemia in tumor-bearing animals, indicating an important role of IL-6 in the hypercalcemia in this model. Because these cancer cells overexpress epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) with intrinsic tyrosine kinase (TK) activity similar to many other squamous cancers, we examined the effects of herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on IL-6 production and hypercalcemia in animals bearing this cancer to develop a new approach to treat the hypercalcemia associated with malignancy. Intraperitoneal administration (once a day for 2 days) of herbimycin A to cancer-bearing hypercalcemic mice reduced the plasma levels of human IL-6 and impaired the hypercalcemia. During 2-day treatment with herbimycin A, no changes were observed in tumor size. Of interest, plasma levels of mouse, but not human, soluble IL-6 receptors were also elevated. However, herbimycin A showed no effects on plasma levels of mouse soluble IL-6 receptors. Herbimycin A suppressed the tyrosine autophosphorylation of EGFR and IL-6 mRNA expression and production, all of which were stimulated by EGF. The data raise the possibility that TK inhibitors may be potential mechanism-based therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypercalcemia associated with squamous cancers which overexpress EGFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niewolna
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dallas
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011809:Quinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012995:Solubility; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D015703:Antigens, CD; D016227:Benzoquinones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011809:Quinones; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D017828:Rifabutin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; C020754:herbimycin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases