title: TCDD residues in fish and shellfish from U.S. waterways.
abstract: TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) in the edible portion of fish and shellfish from various U.S. waterways has been monitored since 1979. Analytical results for the period 1979-1994 are reported. Extracts obtained after column chromatographic and liquid chromatographic cleanup were examined by electron capture detection-gas chromatography (GC), and final quantitation and confirmation were performed by GC/mass spectrometry with multiple ion detection. Analyses of 1623 test samples indicated that TCDD residues in fish and shellfish were not widespread but rather were localized in areas near waste sites, chlorophenol manufacturers, and pulp and paper mills. Analytical results indicated that levels in aquatic species from these sites have been declining steadily. No TCDD (limit of detection and confirmation, 1-2 ppt) has been found in recent years in aquatic species from most Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico sites and Great Lakes other than Lake Ontario and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron).
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Firestone
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Fehringer
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kozara
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ogger
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Glidden
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ahlrep
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Davy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gulick
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sittig
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Syvertson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000592:standards; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins