title: Novel diffusion cell for in vitro transdermal permeation, compatible with automated dynamic sampling.
abstract: The development of a new diffusion cell for in vitro transdermal permeation is described. The so-called Kelder cells were used in combination with the ASPEC system (Automatic Sample Preparation with Extraction Columns), which is designed for the automation of solid-extractions (SPE). Instead of SPE columns, 20 Kelder cells were placed in the racks. This allowed automatic sampling of up to 20 cells for 24 h in a dynamic mode. The cells consist of an inlet compartment, a donor compartment and a receptor compartment. The size and the depth of the inlet compartment were important to avoid entrapment of air bubbles in the receptor compartment. The Kelder cells mimic blood flow beneath the skin by replacement of the permeating drug every 2 min. Hence sink condition are more easily maintained than with the static Franz diffusion cell. The performance of the cells was tested with permeation experiments using atropine as a model drug permeating through an artificial membrane (Silastic). The use of this skin model minimized the variability in permeation of atropine as compared with human skin.
authors.affiliation: Groningen Institute for Drug Studies (GIDS), University Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, Netherlands.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lawant
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Avegaart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ensing
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D001285:Atropine / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D001285:Atropine