title: Celiac disease and type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood: follow-up study.
abstract: To ascertain the specificity of IgA and IgG antigliadin (IgA-AGA, IgG-AGA), IgA-antireticulin (R1-ARA), and antiendomysial (AEA) antibodies for the diagnosis of celiac disease, we evaluated 133 type I diabetic children aged 1.4-28.4 years (mean 14.1 +/- 6.6), with diabetes from onset to 20.5 years. Fifty-three patients were considered at onset and 49 of these also during follow-up. IgA-AGA and IgG-AGA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), R1-ARA and AEA by indirect immunofluorescence. IgA-AGA were positive in 20 of 133 (15%), IgG-AGA were positive in seven of 133 (5.26%), while R1-ARA and AEA were positive in three patients. At the onset of disease we found elevated IgA-AGA in 17 of 53 (32%) patients, IgG-AGA in four (7.55%) patients, three of them with IgA-AGA as well; R1-ARA and AEA were present in three (5.66%) patients, all with high IgA-AGA levels. During 1-10 year follow-up IgA-AGA decreased to within the normal range in 13 patients, with elevated IgA-AGA at onset but without R1-ARA and AEA; in four patients with high IgA-AGA at onset, IgA-AGA remained constantly elevated as did R1-ARA and AEA in three of them; and two patients, without IgA-AGA, R1-ARA, and AEA at onset, became positive for all three antibodies. Intestinal biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease in five of these with IgA-AGA, R1-ARA, and AEA, but not in one patient with persistent IgA-AGA but no AEA and R1-ARA, suggesting that R1-ARA and AEA are more reliable markers for the screening of celiac disease in type I diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Policlinico San Matteo I.R.C.C.S., Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorini
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Scotta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cortona
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Avanzini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Giacomo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scaramuzza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Severi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001827:Body Height; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology; D012155:Reticulin / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012155:Reticulin; D005903:Gliadin