title: Retinal ganglion cell death after different transient periods of pressure-induced ischemia and survival intervals. A quantitative in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitate in vivo retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after transient periods of pressure-induced ischemia of the rat retina and after different survival intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In adult rats, RGCs were labeled with fluorogold applied to their main targets in the brain. Seven days later, in several groups of rats, the left retinas were subjected to transient periods of ischemia of 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, or 120 minutes, respectively, by increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the left eye above systolic values. Five, 7, 14, and 30 days later, the rats were killed, and their retinas were prepared as wholemounts for examination under fluorescence microscopy to estimate RGC survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found that periods of ischemia of 30 and 45 minutes do not induce RGC death; longer periods of transient ischemia induce the death of a proportion of RGCs, and the proportion increases with the duration of the ischemia; RGC death, which can be observed as early as 5 days after ischemia, continues during the 30-day study period; and periods of ischemia that last 90 minutes or more cause the death of approximately 95% of the RGC population 30 days later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases of the IOP above systolic levels for periods of 60 minutes or more result in RGC loss in the rat retina. Both the duration of the initial transient period of ischemia and the duration of the survival period influence the proportion of RGC death.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Oftalmología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sellés-Navarro
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Villegas-Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvador-Silva
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Gómez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidal-Sanz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012171:Retinal Vessels; D013266:Stilbamidines; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013266:Stilbamidines