title: Preclinical studies on a low molecular weight heparin.
abstract: Some major developments in the area of antithrombotic therapy have occurred during the past decade. Of these, the concept of fractionation of heparin has resulted in the development of several products from this agent. The introduction of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) has added a new chapter to the prophylactic and therapeutic management of thromboembolic disorders. These agents are now globally accepted as drugs of choice for post-surgical prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Currently, the LMWHs are being developed for various therapeutic and cardiovascular indications. Reviparin is an optimized LMWH prepared by controlled nitrous acid digestion of porcine mucosal heparin. This drug has been developed using validated procedures and exhibits a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution in contrast to most other commercially available LMWHs. The specific activity in anticoagulant assays is approximately 32 U/mg whereas the specific activity in terms of anti-Xa units is 120 anti-Xa U/mg. Reviparin is capable of producing a dose- and time-dependent antithrombotic effect in animal models of thrombosis. While the ex vivo effects initially occur at dosages that are antithrombotic, this agent has been found to produce sustained antithrombotic effects without any detectable ex vivo anticoagulant actions. This agent has also been found to release tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) after both intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Repeated administration of reviparin produces progressively stronger antithrombotic effects. The current studies are designed to provide additional data on its molecular profile using new calibration methods and additional results on the pharmacological studies in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the release of TFPI following i.v. and s.c. administration in a primate model is described. The effect of repeated administration mimicking the post-surgical prophylaxis of DVT is also reported in terms of any increase in the antithrombotic or haemorrhagic effects of this agent. Comparative antithrombotic and pharmacological studies are also reported to compare the pharmacological profiles of reviparin, nadroparin and enoxaparin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fareed
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeske
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eschenfelder
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoppensteadt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahsan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D008074:Lipoproteins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; C094240:reviparin