The proximal element of the human apolipoprotein A-II promoter increases the enhancer activity of the distal region.
We have previously shown that human apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) transcription is controlled by a complex set of regulatory elements. In this study, we demonstrate that the distal region of the apoA-II promoter (-911/-614) acts as an enhancer and results in a 6-fold increase in activity when the proximal AB element is inserted between this enhancer and a TATA box. The AB element alone does not display any transcriptional activity. The combination of the proximal AB element and the enhancer is sufficient to activate transcription to the same level as that achieved with the full-length promoter. DNA binding and competition assays, and binding interference experiments allowed us to identify two adjacent binding sites within the AB element. These bind activities designated CIIIB1 and AIIAB3/4, respectively. Mutation on each of these sites showed that the binding site of CIIIB1 within the AB element played a major role in the interaction with the enhancer. Whereas transcriptional activation of other apolipoprotein genes involves the binding of the liver-enriched hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) on their proximal promoter, the present study demonstrates that neither HNF4 nor ApoA-I regulatory protein 1, its antagonistic orphan receptor, was able to bind the AB element. Instead, apoA-II transcription was driven by the interaction of apoA-II enhancer with proximal AB element, which involves an unidentified activity, CIIIB1.
Lacorte
J M
JM
CJF INSERM 9508, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
Fourniat
E
E
Pastier
D
D
Chambaz
J
J
Ribeiro
A
A
Cardot
P
P
D000818:Animals; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001665:Binding Sites; D019556:COS Cells; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016385:TATA Box; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C403128:MLX protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase