title: Extra low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the bedplace of children diagnosed with leukaemia: a case-control study.
abstract: This retrospective case-control study of 56 cases and 56 controls measured extra low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields between 2000 h and 0800 h in the bedplaces of children with leukaemia. Mean ELF electric field (E-field) levels found in case homes of 13.9 Vm-1 (SD: 13.6) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared with only 7.3 Vm-1 (SD: 12.9) in controls matched for age and sex. Moreover, applying conditional logistic regression, a dose-response relationship emerged between E-field exposure and incidence: above 20 Vm-1 the relative risk was 4.69 (95% CI: 1.17-27.78; P = 0.025), whereas at levels of 10-19 Vm-1 it was 2.40 (95% CI: 0.79-8.09) and at levels of 5-9 Vm-1 it was only 1.46 (95% CI: 0.47-5.10). By contrast, similar readings of the rms ELF magnetic field found no significant case-control differences: mean levels in cases' homes of 0.070 microT (SD: 0.070) compared with 0.057 microT (SD: 0.038) in controls. Although there were imperfections in the study design, it is concluded that the importance of the E-field may have been overlooked in epidemiological studies to date.
authors.affiliation: Coghill Research Laboratories, Gwent, UK.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Coghill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philips
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors