title: Surgical management of the buried penis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Buried penis is a congenital abnormality in which the phallus is concealed within the surface of prepubic skin. It is probably more common than is generally recognized. The objective was to describe the pathophysiology, and search for the best management of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 6 years, a total of 31 cases receiving surgery for buried penis at this hospital were analyzed. According to their major pathophysiology, patients were divided into three groups: in the first, the major mechanism was poor skin suspension; in the second, prominent suprapubic fat pad was the major cause. In the third group, the dartos fascia was abnormally thickened and attached to the penile shaft. Different surgical techniques were applied in the different groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 15 children in the first group had satisfactory results after penile skin fixation. In the second group, nine children underwent adjunctive lipectomy but only five had satisfactory results. Seven patients in the third group needed degloving of the penis and the three cases who underwent preputial unfurling had severe lymphedema of the inner preputial layer. One of them received revision. The end results were good in the other six patients after long-term follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The buried penis occurs in a spectrum. Although, there are three major pathophysiology mechanisms, most of the patients had a combination. Surgical management should be individualized, and results are usually satisfactory. For the obese patient, weight loss is important. Preputial unfurling and using inner preputial layer to cover the defect should be avoided because of severe postoperative lymphedema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*