title: Interferons modify in vitro proliferation of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma in the presence of doxorubicin and mitomycin C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether interferons with their known antitumor activity modify the response of human bladder carcinoma cells to antitumor drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the in vitro effect of doxorubicin, mitomycin C and the interferons alpha and gamma on cell proliferation in human bladder carcinoma cell lines as measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of RT 112 (but not EJ 28) cells for 2 hours to doxorubicin (500 ng./ml.) and mitomycin C (200 ng./ml.) reduced the proliferation rate to 85.9 +/- 3.3% (n = 4) and 89.3 +/- 4.0% (n = 4) of control. Treatment for 2 days with interferon alpha and gamma up to the highest concentration (200 U/ml.) showed no effect. The combination of 100 U/ml. interferon alpha and doxorubicin decreased proliferation significantly. At 50 ng./ml. the proliferation rate was decreased to 88.0 +/- 5.7% of control and at 500 ng./ml. to 67.7 +/- 3.1%. Thus interferon alpha seems to increase the sensitivity of the cells to doxorubicin. Cells treated with 20 ng./ml. mitomycin C after pretreatment with interferon alpha showed a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation (from 98.8 +/- 2.1% to 80.2 +/- 4.0% of control). This decrease was similar in the presence of 200 ng./ml. mitomycin C. Thus mitomycin C seems to render cells more sensitive to the antiproliferative action of interferon alpha. Interferon gamma had only minor effects on the response of the cells to doxorubicin or mitomycin C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that exposure to interferon alpha increases the efficacy of anticancer drugs in vitro, probably by several mechanisms. Potential consequences of this finding for the therapeutic regime employed for treatment of bladder carcinoma are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Epithelphysiologie, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kinne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sökeland
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D016685:Mitomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D007371:Interferon-gamma