title: Neurovesical dysfunction due to spinal dysraphism in anorectal anomalies.
abstract: Spinal dysraphism (SD) has been found associated with functional abnormalities of anorectal anomalies (ARA). The incidence of SD in these children is probably underestimated and a complete neuroradiological investigation of the lower urinary tract function has not been carried out routinely. In a 2 years time frame we performed urodynamic (UDS) evaluations on 14 patients (8 males and 6 females) with ARA who showed SD at Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies. We divided them into 2 groups by age: group A (5 to 18 months) and group B (3 to 12 years). The UDS findings were classified as upper (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion. Out of the 9 children included in group A, 5 showed normal urodynamic pattern, while 4 had pathological UDS findings suggesting UMN lesion. Among the older (group B) children only one had normal and 4 had pathological findings: 2 hyperreflexia suggesting UMN lesion and 2 external sphincter denervation suggesting LMN lesion. These data support the hypothesis that the neurovesical dysfunction found in children with anorectal anomalies results from a possible association with spinal dysraphism. An early morphological evaluation of the spinal cord is mandatory in all children with ARA prior to definitive surgical correction of the malformation. The low incidence of pathological UDS findings in small children if compared to older ones suggest that SD, although present, may be asymptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Capitanucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivosecchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silveri
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lucchetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mosiello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Gennaro
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*