title: Shunt infections in children: presentation and management.
abstract: Since the earliest attempt at surgical management of hydrocephalus, infection has been a significant complication. For better assessment and care the neuroscience nurse needs to be aware of the signs and management of this condition. A retrospective review of 68 infections in 61 children was undertaken. Results showed an increased incidence of infection in the first nine months after surgery. Gram positive organisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) were most frequent; Propionobacter acnes was a significant pathogen in adolescence. Presenting symptoms included fever (26%), abdominal pain (19%), wound changes (22%) and indicators of shunt malfunction (33%). Elevated white blood cells (WBCs) in spinal fluid from shunt tap and positive cultures were most reliable laboratory data. Culturing of causative organism was sometimes difficult. A value regulated system for ventricular drainage which allows greater mobility for the patient is described.
authors.affiliation: Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCool
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009737:Nursing Records; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing*; D013997:Time Factors