title: Surface characterization of radio-frequency glow discharged and autoclaved titanium surfaces.
abstract: To characterize titanium surfaces treated with radio-frequency glow discharge (RFGD) after media exposure, surface chemical analyses were performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared-reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS). The RFGD treatments resulted in a cleaner surface as compared to as-sputtered or as-autoclaved titanium specimens. The oxide thickness of RFGD-treated titanium specimens was not statistically different from the as-autoclaved and as-sputter cleaned titanium specimens. Exposure to a phosphate-buffered saline solution revealed a greater deposition of calcium and phosphorous on the RFGD-treated surfaces. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles showed that calcium and phosphorous ions diffused into the titanium oxide layer. The calcium and phosphorous deposits were identified as amorphous calcium phosphate compounds using FTIR-RAS. These results suggest that RFGD treatments of titanium enhance calcium and/or phosphate affinity because of an increase in elemental interactions at the surface, thereby resulting in the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Raikar
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lemons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011854:Radiochemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013242:Sterilization; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D010710:Phosphates; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; C009495:titanium dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium