title: Carboxymethylcellulose-sodium based transdermal drug delivery system for propranolol.
abstract: Propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, suffers from a high degree of first-pass metabolism resulting in very low bioavailability (< 10%) following administration with conventional oral formulations. To circumvent this significant therapeutic hurdle, we formulated a carboxymethylcellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) based transdermal system for propranolol and evaluated the patch for its in-vitro and in-vivo performance. In-vitro permeation studies using the excised hair-free rat skin model resulted in 66.54% permeation at the end of 24 h in a modified Franz diffusion cell. This zero-order permeation profile was characterized by a drug permeation rate of 52.87 +/- 11.63 micrograms cm-2 h-1. Skin irritation studies in rats (n = 5), evaluated for flare-and-wheal with respect to a formalin control, indicated that the drug-containing patch evoked only a mild response over a 7-day period. Preliminary in-vivo studies in male albino rabbits (n = 3), indicated that plasma drug levels averaged 11.75 +/- 3.40 ng mL-1 in a 24-h study period before patch removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pandit
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000009:adverse effects; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D007509:Irritants; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D011433:Propranolol; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium