title: In-vivo induction of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) is a novel inflammatory cytokine belonging to the chemokine superfamily and stimulates chemotaxis and activation of monocytes. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines has been shown in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study was thus conducted to determine plasma MCAF in patients with ESRD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of MCAF were determined by ELISA. Gene expression of MCAF in PBMC was assessed by RT-PCR followed by southern blot hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma MCAF in 72 patients with long-term haemodialysis (HD) (162.4 +/- 58.2 pg/ml) and eight uraemic patients not yet dialysed (167.6 +/- 57.7 pg/ml) was found to exceed significantly the level in 24 normal subjects (86.0 +/- 19.4 pg/ml). MCAF before HD session in long-term HD patients was the same whether HD was carried out with either cellulosic (CUP) or synthetic (PMMA) membrane dialysers. Intradialytic increase in plasma MCAF during a single HD session was observed in both patient groups dialysed with CUP or PMMA membranes. The results of RT-PCR analysis indicated that haemodialysis stimulates the gene expression of MCAF in PBMC in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that increased levels of plasma MCAF may promote the activation of monocytes in patients with ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akahoshi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012333:RNA, Messenger