title: Transcription of the mutL repair, miaA tRNA modification, hfq pleiotropic regulator, and hflA region protease genes of Escherichia coli K-12 from clustered Esigma32-specific promoters during heat shock.
abstract: The amiB-mutL-miaA-hfq-hflX-hflK-hflC superoperon of Escherichia coli contains genes that are important for diverse cellular functions, including DNA mismatch repair (mutL), tRNA modification (miaA), pleiotropic regulation (hfq), and proteolysis (hflX-hflK-hflC). We show that this superoperon contains three E simga(32)-dependent heat shock promoters, P(mutL)HS,P(miaA)HS, and P1(hfq)HS, in addition to four E sigma(70)-dependent promoters, P(mutL), P(miaA), P2(hfq), and P3(hfq). Transcripts from P(mutL)HS and P(miaA)HS were most prominent in vivo during extreme heat shock (50 degrees C), whereas P1(hfq)HS transcripts were detectable under nonshock conditions and increased significantly after heat shock at 50 degrees C. The P(mutL)HS, P(miaA)HS, and P1(hfq)HS transcripts were not detected in an rpoH null mutant. All three promoters were transcribed by E sigma (32) in vitro at 37 degrees C and contain -35 and -10 regions that resemble the E sigma(32) consensus. In experiments to assess the possible physiological relevance of the P(mutL)HS and P(miaA)HS promoters, we found that E. coli prototrophic strain MG 1655 increased in cell mass and remained nearly 100% viable for several hours at 50 degrees C in enriched media. In these cells, a significant fraction of mutL and hfq-hflA region transcripts were from P(mutL)HS and P1(hfq)HS, respectively, and the amounts of the miaA, hfq, hflX, hflK, and hflC transcripts increased in comparison with those in nonstressed cells. The cellular amounts of MutL and the hfq gene product (HF-I protein) were maintained during heat shock at 44 or 50 degrees C. Consistent with their expression patterns, miaA and hfq were essential for growth and viability, respectively, at temperatures of 45 degrees C and above. Together, these results suggest that there is a class of E sigma(32) promoters that functions mainly at high temperatures to ensure E. coli function and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas--Houston Medical School, 77030-1501, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics*; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein; D034982:Integration Host Factors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D000070956:MutL Proteins; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014166:Transferases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C087373:Hfq protein, E coli; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein; D034982:Integration Host Factors; C074770:MutL protein, E coli; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; C069774:heat-shock sigma factor 32; C440502:integration host factor, E coli; D014166:Transferases; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C024274:adenylate isopentenyltransferase; C057626:Hfla protease; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000070956:MutL Proteins