title: Low rates of apoB secretion from HepG2 cells result from reduced delivery of newly synthesized triglyceride to a "secretion-coupled" pool.
abstract: The present study was aimed at defining the roles of intracellular triglyceride pools in apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells. Oleic acid (0.2 mmol/L) in the medium stimulated both triglyceride synthesis and apolipoprotein B secretion. Stimulation of apolipoprotein B secretion was lost about 30-40 min after oleic acid was removed from the medium, despite the finding that most newly synthesized triglyceride was still present in the cells. This suggested that only a small fraction of newly synthesized triglyceride was transferred to a pool available for assembly of nascent apoB into lipoproteins. Using cell fractionation, we analyzed two triglyceride pools in HepG2 cells: a microsomal pool and a cytoplasmic pool. Oleic acid-induced increases in the microsomal pool were small and short-lived due to secretion; this pool, therefore, is a "secretion-coupled" pool. The large majority of newly synthesized triglyceride was in a cytosolic pool that was not associated with secretion of apoB. Dibutyryl cAMP treatment was associated with a 3-fold increase in the mobilization of the triglyceride droplets. Apolipoprotein B secretion, however, was not increased, suggesting that the amount of triglyceride that entered the "secretion-coupled" pool after hydrolysis and re-esterification of cytoplasmic triglyceride was inadequate to stimulate apolipoprotein B secretion. In summary, the majority of newly synthesized triglyceride, whether derived from exogenous or endogenous fatty acids, is rapidly shifted to a cytoplasmic pool that does not play a regulatory role in apolipoprotein B secretion. The presence of a very small "secretion-coupled" pool of triglyceride in HepG2 cells likely explains the high rates of degradation of nascent apolipoprotein B, and the low rates of secretion of lipid-poor lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014316:Tritium; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D014280:Triglycerides; D014316:Tritium; D019301:Oleic Acid; D007930:Leucine; D005990:Glycerol