title: Treatment of cyanide poisoning in an industrial setting.
abstract: Thirty-seven employees were exposed to cyanide between 1956 and 1985. One was found dead. Thirty-six employees were treated; most were given nitrite and oxygen. Some received oxygen alone. All recovered completely. One-third of these employees were unconscious. One was convulsing. Most were discharged home at 6 h post-exposure. Some employees remained at the plant to work an additional shift. Amyl nitrite and/or oxygen were the only agents used with 33 employees. Forced oxygen was administered to the unconscious, apneic employees. Three employees were given sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate iv. Treatment generally began within 3 min. In 5 to 20 min all of the unconscious employees reacted positively to the use of forced oxygen and forced amyl nitrite or sodium nitrite. There were no residual effects except headache and transient loss of appetite. Amyl nitrite and oxygen have been effective tools in the treatment of cyanide intoxication at this plant site. There have been no intercurrent or residual drug effects that outweigh the life-saving capacity of these agents. Sodium nitrite should be employed if the use of oxygen and amyl nitrite fail to improve the cardiovascular status/level of consciousness in 5-10 min.
authors.affiliation: EI DuPont Company, Memphis, TN 38127, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wurzburg
mesh_terms: D000680:Amyl Nitrite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003486:Cyanides / Q000506:poisoning*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D003486:Cyanides; D006454:Hemoglobins; D013885:Thiosulfates; D000680:Amyl Nitrite; D008706:Methemoglobin; C017717:sodium thiosulfate; D012977:Sodium Nitrite