title: Exposure to T helper 2 cytokines in vivo before encounter with antigen selects for T helper subsets via alterations in antigen-presenting cell function.
abstract: The Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells mediate both delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Th1 cells are induced by immunization of young adult female and older (> or = 10 wk of age) male SJL mice. By contrast, young adult (< or = 8 wk of age) male mice are characterized by the inability of immunization to induce either a DTH response or EAE, demonstrating a clear sex and age dependence to these Th1-mediated responses in SJL mice. T cell activation in age-matched female and male SJL mice was compared to understand the mechanism(s) of these differential responses. Here, we report that immunization of DTH responder female mice primes for Ag-specific secretion of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 and IL-10. In contrast, immunization of DTH nonresponder male mice primes Ag-specific T cells that secrete IL-4 and IL-10, but not IFN-gamma. Depletion of either IL-4 or IL-10 recovers DTH responsiveness in young adult male mice, demonstrating expansion of Th1 cells in these mice when Th2 cytokines are suppressed. The age- and sex-dependent inability to prime Th1 cells in young male mice is due to the functional absence of a macrophage APC population defined by co-expression of Mac-1 and Mac-3. To determine whether Th2 cytokines directly affect the APC's ability to support the priming of Th1 cells, Mac-3+ APC isolated from naive young male donors, which had been depleted of either IL-4 or IL-10, were transferred into DTH nonresponder males. Induction of DTH responses in these recipients demonstrates that in vivo suppression of Th2 cytokines enables the male-derived Mac-3+ APC to support priming of Th1 responses. These data indicate that, in addition to their regulatory roles in controlling preferential T cell subset expansion, exposure of APC to cytokines in vivo before the initial encounter with Ag may regulate induction of CD4+ T cell subsets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cua
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stohlman
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma