title: N- and C-terminal substance P fragments modulate striatal dopamine outflow through a cholinergic link mediated by muscarinic receptors.
abstract: The present study investigated whether the modulatory effects of substance P and substance P fragments on striatal dopamine release involve a cholinergic link. Rat striatal slices were incubated with substance P, substance P(1-4), substance P(1-7), substance P(5-11) and substance P(8-11) in the absence or presence of various agents which modify cholinergic transmissions, and endogenous dopamine outflow was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The incubation of striatal slices with substance P and its N- and C-terminal fragments (1 nM) induced a significant overflow of endogenous dopamine. Neostigmine (150 nM) potentiated the effects of substance P and its fragments, whereas the incubation with hemicholinium-3 (50 microM) abolished the effects of the peptides on dopamine outflow. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and the inhibitor of choline uptake did not have intrinsic effects on dopamine outflow. The muscarinic antagonist atropine (1 microM) reversed completely the effects of substance P and its fragments, whereas the nicotinic antagonists dihydro-beta-erythroidine (0.5 microM) and pempidine (10 microM) were devoid of effects. None of the cholinergic antagonists modified dopamine outflow. The results suggest that substance P and several N- and C-terminal substance P fragments activate cholinergic neurons in striatal slices. The released acetylcholine induces an increased dopamine outflow, mediated by muscarinic receptors. These observations represent additional evidence which supports the functional interactions between substance P, acetylcholine and dopamine in the striatum. Furthermore, they show that substance P fragments may exert neuromodulatory effects through mechanisms similar to those underlying the effects of the parent peptide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, U.K.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whelpton
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Michael-Titus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006426:Hemicholinium 3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009116:Muscarine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D006426:Hemicholinium 3; D013373:Substance P; D009388:Neostigmine; D009538:Nicotine; D009116:Muscarine; D004298:Dopamine