title: Detection of altered T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with multiple sclerosis utilizing intracellular cytokine detection by flow cytometry and surface marker analysis.
abstract: Production of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokines was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by a newly described technique, detection of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry in conjunction with immunophenotype analysis. T-cell gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production were examined after PBMC activation with T-cell mitogens at 5 and 24 h, and monocyte spontaneous production of IL-10 and production after PBMC activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h were also examined. The data indicate that MS patients have decreased percentages of T cells capable of secreting IFN-gama compared with healthy controls, and this change is detectable at 5 and 24 h. the patients displaying decreased T-cell production of IFN-gamma were essentially confined to a group being treated with the newly approved drug Betaseron (berlex Labs, Cedar Knolls, N.J.), a recombinant form of IFN-beta (rIFN-beta 1b). By gating of the entire lymphocyte population, analysis of IFN-gama production in T cells (CD3+ versus that in non-T cells (CD3+) was possible. The percentage of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes that was made up of T cells was essentially unchanged between the Betaseron-treated patients, non-Betaseron-treated patients, and controls, indicating that the suppression of IFN-gamma production displayed by betaseron-treated MS patients was a nonspecific suppression of all IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes as opposed to a suppression of T-cell production only. The data seem to indicate that treatment of MS with Betaseron corresponds to an inhibition of the lymphocyte's ability to produce IFN-gamma. No changes were detected in T-cell production of IL-10 at either time point. We also observed that MS patients in general appear to have small percentages of peripheral blood monocytes spontaneously producing slight but detectable levels of IL-10. No difference was seen regarding monocyte production of IL-10 after PBMC activation with LPS between MS patients and controls. Both populations responded with high percentages of monocytes producing IL-10. The data seem to indicate that treatment of MS with Betaseron, known to decrease the exacerbation rate of relapsing-remitting MS, corresponds to a suppression of peripheral blood lymphocyte production of IFN-gamma. Monocyte production of IL-10 may also play a role in regulating the disease process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crucian
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ragsdale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pross
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma