title: Increased left ventricular dysfunction in elderly patients despite successful thrombolysis: the GUSTO-I angiographic experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether the recovery of regional and global left ventricular function is reduced in elderly patients despite successful thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Comparisons were made between elderly (> or = 75 years old, n = 47) and adult (< 75 years old, n = 434) patients enrolled in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) angiographic trial who underwent catheterization at 90 min and 5 to 7 days after thrombolysis and who had an open infarct-related artery with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 to 3 flow at both times.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction is increased in elderly patients, presumably because of multiple adverse coexistent baseline variables. However, functional recovery after thrombolysis has not been characterized in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ejection fraction, end-systolic volume index, infarct and noninfarct zone contractile function (SD/chord) and infarct extent (number of chords) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 90 min, elderly patients with an open infarct-related artery had decreased infarct zone contractile function (-2.8 +/- 0.2 vs. -2.3 +/- 0.1 SD/chord in adults, p < or = 0.05) and a greater extent of injury (26.0 +/- 2.6 vs. 20.7 +/- 0.8 chords in adults, p < or = 0.05). At 5- to 7-day follow-up ventriculography, ejection fraction was reduced, and end-systolic volume index was significantly increased in elderly patients compared with adults. The severity of regional wall motion dysfunction in the infarct zone was also greater in the elderly than in adults at 5- to 7-day follow-up (-2.6 +/- 0.2 vs. -1.9 +/- 0.1 SD/chord, respectively, p < or = 0.005). Non-infarct zone contractile function at 90-min ventriculography was similar in both groups. Despite a patent infarct-related artery at 90-min, the 30-day mortality rate in the elderly remained elevated (17.8%) compared with that of adults (4%) (p < or = 0.0001). Elderly patients were predominantly female and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, multivessel coronary disease, previous infarction, anterior infarctions and later time to treatment (between 3 and 6 h) than adults. However, age > or = 75 years remained an independent determinant by multivariable regression analysis of 1-week postinfarction end-systolic volume index, regional left ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.02 and p < or = 0.008, respectively) and 30-day mortality (p < or = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients had increased damage in the infarct zone and had persistently increased mortality despite sustained infarct-related artery patency after successful thrombolysis. Although the causes are probably multifactorial, a more rapid progression of ischemic injury or a blunted postreperfusion recovery appears to contribute to the poorer outcomes in elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lesnefsky
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lundergan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Greenhouse
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator