title: Polymerase chain reaction-based identification of insecticide resistance genes and DNA methylation in the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer).
abstract: The ability of a peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae) to resist insecticides can depend on both the presence of amplified esterase genes and on differences in their expression. Here we report a polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme (PCR-REN) technique which can detect the presence of amplified esterase genes and distinguish between the two possible types of amplified gene (E4 and FE4) and a homologous fragment from susceptible aphids. The technique is quick and sensitive enough to be used on a fraction of an aphid or an individual embryo. Furthermore, it can be combined with a pre-PCR digestion using a methylation-sensitive enzyme (Hpall) to determine whether or not the esterase genes contain 5-methylcytosine, the presence or absence of which is known to correlate with changes in gene expression.
authors.affiliation: BEC Department, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Crick
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Devonshire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA; D019175:DNA Methylation; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA