title: Total quality management and the reduction of inpatient violence and costs in a forensic psychiatric hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study evaluated the effects of using the principles of total quality management (TQM) to reduce aggressive incidents in the dining rooms at a state forensic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A ten-member, multidisciplinary team, which included a patient representative and a private-sector mentor, used the TQM FADE method (focus, analyze, develop, and execute) to address the problem. The team analyzed violent mealtime incidents, reviewed mealtime policies and procedures, and conducted a patient survey. Five recommendations were made: substitute plastic utensils for silverware, play music selected by the hospital's music therapists, allow patients at the highest privilege levels to leave the dining room after eating, open the main courtyard and gym during meals, and train food service workers in therapeutic communication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One year after implementation of the recommendations, aggressive incidents in the dining rooms were reduced by 40 percent, assaults using silverware were eliminated, and a total of 70 nursing staff hours a day were saved by eliminating silverware control procedures in the dining rooms. The milieu in the dining rooms has been improved by the addition of music and more flexible procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TQM techniques can be effectively applied in public-sector institutions to analyze and solve problems such as mealtime violence.
authors.affiliation: Atascadero State Hospital, California 93423, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Love
mesh_terms: D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002140:California; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000191:economics*; D003363:Cost Control; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D012308:Risk Management; D012637:Security Measures / Q000191:economics; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology