Tissue kallikrein inhibitors in mammals.
We have discovered, purified and cloned a new kallikrein-binding protein (KBP or kallistatin) from humans and rodents. Kallistatins are members of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. They are acidic glycoproteins with molecular masses of 58-62 kDa and pI values of 4.6-5.2. Kallistatin forms a SDS-stable complex with tissue kallikrein and inhibits kallikrein's activities. Human kallistatin has a unique cleavage site with Phe-Phe-Ser at the P2-P1-P1' positions. The protein sequence of mature human kallistatin shares 44-46% identity with other serpins such as human alpha 1-antitrypsin, protein C inhibitor and rat kallikrein-binding protein. The kallistatin genes display the typical five exon-four intron serpin gene structure. The human kallistatin gene is localized on chromosome 14q31-32.1 and the RKBP gene is on chromosome 6. Kallistatin is evolutionarily diverse but functionally conserved in mammalian species. This overview summarizes the biochemistry, molecular biology and potential physiology and/or pathophysiology of this new tissue kallikrein inhibitor.
Chao
J
J
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Chai
K X
KX
Chao
L
L
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins
D007610:Kallikreins; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins