Increasing social smiles of young children with disabilities.
Play activities associated with eliciting smiles in typically developing infants were used with three young children with severe disabilities whose smiling behaviors were substantially delayed. Two children showed increased social smiles in response to auditory (high pitched human voice) or tactile (gently blowing air at child's face, hands or body) stimuli but none smiled in response to rattles or pop-up toys.
Calhoun
M L
ML
Department of Teaching Specialties, University of North Carolina at Charlotte 28223, USA.
Kuczera
M L
ML
D001143:Arousal; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012904:Smiling; D012919:Social Behavior; D013067:Speech Perception; D014110:Touch