title: Utilization of fermented flocculated poultry sludge as a feed constituent for pigs.
abstract: Flocculated poultry sludge was mixed with 3% molasses and was flow-therm pasteurized for 5 min at a core temperature of 95 C. The sludge was subsequently cooled to between 20 and 25 C and fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum as starter culture. Three groups of eight 8- to 10-wk-old, individually housed fattening pigs (Hypor) were fed according to a fixed scheme correlated with age. One control group received a restricted ration of commercial compound feed (Group A). The other control group was provided "nearly ad libitum" access to the same commercial compound feed (Group C). The experimental group received the same amount of commercial compound feed as Group A, but the diet was supplemented with fermented sludge, at an inclusion rate of 19 to 28% of the total ration (DM basis). The pigs fed the sludge-containing diet and those receiving the compound pig feed "nearly ad libitum" showed comparable growth results. It was concluded that the net energy (NEpig) level of .68 g DM of sludge was comparable to the NEpig level of 1 g compound pig feed (88% DM). A decrease in colony counts of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal tract of the pigs, was regarded as positive, as it might lower the risk of disturbance of the gut flora by enteropathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. No adverse effects on health and performance were observed as a result of the feeding of pasteurized and subsequently fermented flocculated poultry sludge to fattening pigs. It is concluded that this sludge can serve as a valuable feed constituent as long as it is processed properly.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Science of Food of Animal Origin, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Urlings
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bijker
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Van Gils
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D003553:Cystine / Q000032:analysis; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D011200:Poultry; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D003553:Cystine; D003300:Copper; D008715:Methionine; D007501:Iron; D008239:Lysine; D011188:Potassium