title: A randomized, double-blind, multicentre study comparing the clinical effects of two sequential estradiol-progestin combinations containing either desogestrel or norethisterone acetate in climacteric women with estrogen deficiency symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare a new estradiol-desogestrel (E2-DG) regimen with an E2-norethisterone acetate (NETA) combination (Trisekvens) regarding the treatment of menopausal complaints, bleeding pattern, histology of the endometrium and the occurrence of adverse experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 310 peri-/postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were randomly allocated to oral sequential treatment with either the E2-DG combination (1.5 mg E2 for 24 days with 0.15 mg DG for the last 12 days followed by 1 placebo tablet for 4 days) or with the E2-NETA combination (Trisekvens, 2 mg E2 for 22 days with 1 mg NETA for the last 10 days followed by 1 mg E2 for 6 days). Treatments were administered double-blind for 12 cycles of 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and four women, 48 in the E2-DG group and 56 in the E2-NETA group, discontinued the study due to bleeding irregularities and various adverse effects. Both treatments reduced menopausal symptoms and complaints effectively and almost equally. The alleviation of perspirations and the improvement of general fitness were more apparent (P = 0.009) during cycle 1 with the E2-NETA treatment but were greater (P < 0.02) during the last 9/10-12 cycles of E2-DG treatment compared to E2-NETA. Regular withdrawal bleeding appeared in 93% and 90% of the women during treatment with E2-DG and E2-NETA, respectively. Intermenstrual bleeding occurred in 8% of women receiving E2-DG and in 13% of women treated with E2-NETA. The corresponding figures for intermenstrual bleeding-spotting were 21% and 22%. Secretory endometrium was detected in 65% and 54% of the samples taken at the end of treatment with E2-DG and E2-NETA, respectively. No hyperplasia or atypia was found. No serious adverse events related to treatment occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both regimens alleviated effectively menopausal complaints and did not induce hyperplasia of endometrium. The minor differences recorded between the two regimens were probably due to the differences in their composition concerning the amount of estradiol and its distribution along the cycle, the amount and type of progestin and the length of estradiol/progestin combination phase.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saure
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Damber
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010809:Physical Fitness; D010919:Placebos; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D004958:Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone