title: Enhanced thrombolytic and antithrombotic potency of a fibrin-targeted plasminogen activator in baboons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombolytic therapy reduces mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but significant limitations exist with the use of currently available agents. In the present report, we describe the thrombolytic and antithrombotic potencies of a hybrid recombinant plasminogen activator consisting of an antifibrin antibody 59D8 (AFA) and low-molecular-weight single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scuPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A thrombolysis model in which thrombi are preformed in vivo in juvenile baboons was developed to compare the potencies of AFA-scuPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA), and recombinant scuPA (rscuPA) in lysing nonocclusive 111In-labeled platelet-rich arterial-type thrombi and 125I-labeled fibrin-rich venous-type thrombi. Systemic infusion of 1.89 nmol/kg AFA-scuPA produced thrombolysis that was comparable to that obtained with much higher doses of TPA (14.2 nmol/kg) and rscuPA (28.5 nmol/kg). When steady-state plasma concentrations are normalized, AFA-scuPA lyses thrombi sixfold more rapidly than scuPA and TPA (P < .001) and reduces the rate of formation more than comparable doses of rscuPA (P < .0001). At equivalent thrombolytic doses, AFA-scuPA produced fewer antihemostatic effects than either rTPA or rscuPA. Template bleeding time measurements were shorter (3.5 +/- 0.12 minutes for AFA-scuPA versus 5.3 +/- 0.36 and 5.2 +/- 0.04 minutes for rTPA and rscuPA, respectively; P < .05), alpha 2-antiplasmin consumption was less (P < .05), and D-dimer generation was lower (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that antibody targeting of scuPA to fibrin increases thrombolytic and antithrombotic potencies with less impairment of hemostasis compared with rTPA and rscuPA.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0553, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Runge
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Harker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruef
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Marzec
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caban
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D005337:Fibrin / Q000276:immunology*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005337:Fibrin; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator