title: Orbital plain films as a prerequisite for MR imaging: is a known history of injury a sufficient screening criterion?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Before undergoing MR imaging at our institution, all patients with potential occupational, recreational, or educational exposure or known accidental exposure to kinetic metal fragments have orbital radiographs to evaluate for the continued presence of intraorbital metallic foreign bodies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential safety of a protocol that would call for obtaining plain films of the orbit before MR imaging only for patients with a definite history of a known metallic foreign body in the eye or orbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2626 patients underwent plain radiography of the orbit to exclude metallic foreign bodies before MR imaging between March 1991 and January 1995. These patients were identified by a billing code number. Reports from these studies, all interpreted by board-certified radiologists, were reviewed. When a metallic foreign body was detected, we reviewed the patient's response during the initial interview when asked about a history of orbital injury or surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2626 patients undergoing orbital radiographic studies, 17 (0.65%) had radiographic evidence of intraorbital metallic foreign bodies. Sixteen of these patients gave a history of known injury or had knowledge of probable orbital metallic fragments. The remaining patient, a welder screened because of occupational history, had a 3 x 1 mm metallic foreign body in his left orbit without a history of injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening plain films of the orbit are necessary when a patient has a history of a known intraocular or periorbital foreign body or when a patient has a history of occupational exposure to potential metallic ocular injury, as do welders, grinders, and metalworkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor 48109-0030, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brunberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000075202:Contraindications; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008670:Metals