title: IL-1 alpha and IL-6 production by oral and skin keratinocytes: similarities and differences in response to cytokine treatment in vitro.
abstract: IL-1 alpha and IL-6 are important pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and their production by oral (OK) and skin keratinocytes (SK) was compared. OK and SK produced IL-1 alpha, but not IL-6, constitutively. TNF alpha stimulation increased IL-1 alpha production by both cell types and exhibited synergy with interferon gamma (IFN gamma), although the latter had no effect by itself. In contrast, both cell types produced IL-6 in response to TNF alpha, IFN gamma or IL-4, and IFN gamma and IL-4 exhibited synergy with TNF alpha. For all cytokines the levels of IL-6 production were greater for OK than SK and OK, but not SK, produced IL-6 in response to IL-1 alpha stimulation. In addition, the IL-6 response to IL-4 stimulation was more rapid for OK than SK. These observations may explain the similarities and differences in wound healing and immuno-inflammatory diseases affecting the skin and oral mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Academic Group of Oral Medicine and Dental Diagnostic Science, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, England.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Farthing
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Thornhill
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma