title: Cortical localization of human sustained attention: detection with functional MR using a visual vigilance paradigm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to determine whether functional MRI on a standard 1.5 T system can localize activation during a visual vigilance sustained attention task and whether this corresponds to results described in a PET investigation of a similar task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen volunteers were studied on a 1.5 T system using a gradient echo technique. A single axial section was oriented within a stereotaxic coordinate space, 40 mm superior to the anterior-posterior commissure line. Images with eyes closed were followed by images during subject concentration on a small dim spot. Motion correction and pixel-by-pixel statistical analysis were performed. Talairach grids were applied for summary statistical analysis and comparison to PET data, with analysis using a series of planned contrasts within a repeated measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predominantly right-sided frontal and parietal activation was observed, with statistical significance across subjects in the right frontal lobe (F > or = 5.9, p < or = 0.041). Comparison with previously reported PET data yielded a very similar pattern of activation (F = 13.2; df = 1,8; p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of the right middle frontal gyrus and right parietal lobe during visual vigilance is detectable across functional imaging modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Friedland
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duerk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*