Uveitis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis.
Uveitis is often a manifestation of sarcoidosis. Less well-recognized, however, is the development of uveitis several years before the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis. The possibility that presentation of uveitis is a marker for the chronicity of sarcoidosis has never been investigated. The aim of this work was to evaluate, in a Caucasian population, the epidemiology of uveitis as the primary manifestation of sarcoidosis with long-term follow-up, and the relationship of uveitis to the chronicity of sarcoidosis. The records of 1,156 Caucasian patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis, first seen in the period 1976-1992, were reviewed. In patients in whom uveitis was the primary feature of sarcoidosis, the following parameters were identified: systemic manifestations; time interval between the diagnosis of uveitis and sarcoidosis; therapy; the evolution of chest radiographic image over time; chronicity; the relationship between sarcoidosis and uveitis; and, finally, status in October 1994. In nine patients, uveitis was the reason for seeking medical treatment, resulting in the discovery of systemic sarcoidosis, which was then found to be chronic in 7 out of 9 cases. In an additional eight patients, uveitis preceded the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis by 1-11 yrs, and yet most subjects had systemic manifestations that went unrecognized during this time period, with chest radiograph at the time of diagnosis suggesting a long-standing chronic disease. Thus, uveitis appeared to be the primary manifestation of sarcoidosis in 17 of the 1,156 patients studied (1.5%). In conclusion, any uveitis of unknown origin may be due to sarcoidosis, although its systemic manifestations may not occur for up to 11 yrs. Uveitis patients need a very long-term follow-up, including periodic diagnostic tests for systemic sarcoidosis. Furthermore, when uveitis precedes the systemic symptoms and diagnosis of sarcoidosis by more than one year, it may be regarded as a marker of the chronicity of sarcoidosis.
Rizzato
G
G
Sarcoid Clinic, Medical Division Vergani, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Angi
M
M
Fraioli
P
P
Montemurro
L
L
Pilotto
E
E
Tommasini
A
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy