title: Longitudinal studies of children born to HIV-1 antibody positive Filipino commercial sex workers (CSW): diagnostic dilemmas.
abstract: Fifteen term babies born to 12 HIV-1 antibody positive Filipino CSW have been monitored for signs and symptoms of HIV-1 infection. Eleven babies were enrolled in the study within the first 6 months after birth; 4 others were enrolled at 4, 9, 11 and 21 months of age respectively. Every 3 months after enrolment, each baby received a physical examination, serum was tested for HIV-1 antibodies and p24 antigen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for isolation of virus. After a mean follow-up period of 39.3 months (range 7-72 months), virus isolation and serum p24 antigen assays confirmed that 2 babies have been infected with HIV-1. If the 4 babies less than 18 months of age were excluded, the vertical transmission rate was 18.2%. Seven babies who have been monitored for a minimum of 25 months (range 31-60 months) lost their maternal antibodies but 6 of them subsequently developed indeterminant Western blots (WB); reactivity to p24 and/or gp120/ 160 but no reactivity to gp41. Of the remaining 6 babies, still less than 25 months of age (range 7-24 months), 2 lost their maternal antibodies within one year. The other 4 continued to recognize either p24 or gp120/160 well after the accepted 15-month period for loss of maternal antibody. Although a diagnosis could not be established upon the basis of these laboratory findings, clinical observations (failure to thrive, anergy, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and recurrent pneumonias) mimicked HIV-1 infection. However, because these clinical features are common among many babies in the developing world, their usefulness in supporting a diagnosis of perinatal HIV-1 infection is limited.
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No 2 Detachment, Manila.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Manaloto
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Caringal
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Basaca-Sevilla
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Perrault
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Anthony
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010679:Philippines; D011477:Sex Work
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24