title: Variability in length of hospitalization for stroke. The role of managed care in an elderly population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure hospital stay for acute stroke care and to describe health services and demographic factors associated with longer length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, retrospective consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large tertiary-care teaching hospital in Massachusetts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient population comprised 745 patients aged 65 years and older admitted with ischemic stroke from 1982 through 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital LOS (1-5, 6-10, and >10 days) as well as total charges and discharge location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median LOS was 7 days (range, 1-289 days), and median total charges were $8740 (range, $522-$135172); LOS explained 62% of the variance in total charges. Insurance status was a major factor in determining LOS: after possible confounders were controlled for, patients enrolled in a health maintenance organization were significantly less likely to have long hospital stays (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.66) than were conventional Medicare enrollees, while the LOS of patients with other insurance coverage was no different from that of Medicare patients. Longer LOS was significantly associated with greater comorbidity (OR, 1.52 for a Charlson comorbidity index >2), institutionalization prior to hospital admission (OR, 1.83), and unmarried status (OR, 1.37) and was inversely associated with year of admission (OR, 0.30 in years 1991-1995 vs 1982-1986). Age, sex, and race were not associated with LOS. Discharge to a nursing home or inpatient rehabilitation site was not associated with type of insurance coverage (OR, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.69 for patients in a health maintenance organization vs conventional Medicare patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is marked variability in length of hospital stay for ischemic stroke among the elderly, even after underlying patient differences are controlled for. Managed care may result in increased efficiency of in-hospital care and improved discharge planning for these patients; further study of the ultimate clinical outcomes of such care is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monane
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avorn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000639:trends; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D006278:Medicare; D009017:Morbidity; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States