Mucosal and systemic immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D confer resistance to viral replication and latency in cattle.
Mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract directed against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein B forms an effective barrier against BHV-1 replication in cattle. Here we investigated the ability of a second BHV-1 glycoprotein, gD, to engender specific antibodies in nasal secretion and serum and protect against infection. We expected gD to give greater protection than gB because anti-gD antibodies prevent viral penetration into cells at much lower concentrations than anti-gB antibodies. Calves vaccinated once subcutaneously and thrice intranasally with affinity-purified BHV-1 gD had mucosal antibodies and three of five were protected against intranasal challenge by 10(7) p.f.u. of BHV-1. Four of the five vaccinated calves were proven free of BHV-1 latency by the lack of viral shedding following immunosuppression. The putative mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), did not significantly enhance mucosal immunity or protection against challenge or latency (P0.5) since only 4 of 6 gD plus CTB immunized calves were completely protected. Taken together, these data suggest that BHV-1 gD may be useful in a mucosal vaccine against BHV-1 infection in cattle but is less than totally effective when used alone.
Zhu
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Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
Letchworth
G J
GJ
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin