title: Does the internal thoracic artery graft delay the recovery of myocardial metabolism?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) bypass graft to the left anterior descending artery has greater long-term patency than a saphenous vein graft. However, surgeons may be reluctant to use the LITA graft in some patients because they are unable to deliver cardioplegia to the left anterior descending artery territory.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the myocardial levels of high-energy phosphates and their metabolites in patients who received an LITA graft with those in patients who received a saphenous vein graft to the left anterior descending artery territory during elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Right and left ventricular biopsy specimens were obtained at three times: before aortic cross-clamping, after cross-clamp removal, and after 10 minutes of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between the LITA graft group and the saphenous vein graft group in any right ventricular metabolites. There was an improvement in myocardial protection over time and a higher proportion of LITA graft patients in the late time period (early group, 63% versus late group, 80%; p < 0.01). Within each time period, there were no differences between the LITA and saphenous vein graft groups. Among patients receiving cold antegrade cardioplegia, the myocardial levels of high-energy phosphates were better preserved in those receiving an LITA graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advances in myocardial protection have led to improved preservation of high-energy phosphate levels after cardioplegic arrest. In patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting, the use of an LITA graft does not adversely affect myocardial metabolism. Further investigations are required to determine the effects of the use of the LITA during urgent or emergent procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Christakis
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weisel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mickle
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006801:Humans; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000378:metabolism; D007288:Inosine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D014654:Vascular Patency; D019820:Xanthine; D014970:Xanthines / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D014970:Xanthines; D019820:Xanthine; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D007288:Inosine; D000241:Adenosine