title: Childhood brucellosis in Israel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brucellosis has become a major medical problem in Israel particularly in the Muslim Arab population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight children with acute brucellosis are described. Sixty-seven were studied retrospectively during 1987 through 1988, and 21 children were studied prospectively during 1989 through 1992. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features were evaluated, and the outcome of 4 antimicrobial regimens are compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the clinical manifestation varied, the classical triad of fever (91%), arthralgia or arthritis (83%) and hepato- and/or splenomegaly (63%) characterized most patients. Sixty-one percent of the children had elevated liver enzymes. Brucella melitensis was isolated from 61% of blood cultures. The relapse rate in patients who were treated with monotherapy (doxycycline) was 43% compared with 14% with regimens of combined therapy with rifampin and doxycycline, streptomycin and doxycycline or rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P < 0.049). Eleven children (33%) who were treated for 3 weeks had relapse compared with 1 patient (3.5%) treated for 4 weeks or longer. The total relapse or reinfection rate was 20%. All patients with relapse recovered after a second course of antibiotic therapy. During the 2 years of follow-up one child progressed to chronic osteomyelitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy and extending treatment for 4 weeks or longer gave significantly better results than monotherapy or shorter courses of therapy and resulted in fewer relapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel. ggottesman@mailgate.csmc.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanunu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maayan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uziel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wolach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests