title: Infection of SK-N-MC cells, a CD4-negative neuroblastoma cell line, with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates.
abstract: Most studies looking at CD4-independent infection have used laboratory strains or their respective molecular clones. To determine whether primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates could infect CD4-negative cells, we obtained a panel of 23 clinical isolates and characterized the early steps of the viral life cycle in SK-N-MC cells, a CD4-negative, galactosylceramide-positive neuroblastoma cell line. Eight of 23 isolates established a nonproductive infection; entry and postentry restrictions were noted in the others. We were unable to correlate the infectivity for SK-N-MC cells with established biological phenotypes, such as syncytium induction, or with genetic classifications, suggesting that pantropism is an independent biological variable.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Group in Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104-6146, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harouse
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Scarano
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015658:HIV Infections; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens