title: The elusive goal of informed consent by adolescents.
abstract: While parents have traditionally provided proxy consent for minors to participate in research, this has proven inadequate for adolescents who are mentally and emotionally capable of making their own decisions. Research has proven that even young children, and certainly most adolescents, are developmentally prepared to make such decisions for themselves. The author challenges the assumption that both consent and assent are static concepts, and proposes that a sliding scale of competence be created to ascertain the adolescent's comprehension of the proposed research by shifting the burden of proof to those who believe a particular adolescent is unable to provide informed consent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cook County Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Zinner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D032882:Comprehension; D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006803:Human Development; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016743:Mental Competency; D033282:Parental Consent; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D014481:United States