title: Levels of lupus autoantibodies in pregnant SLE patients: correlations with disease activity and pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To follow the levels of lupus autoantibodies throughout pregnancy in a large cohort of pregnant SLE patients, and to examine whether they correlate with disease activity and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  54 pregnancies in 46 SLE patients, and 70 control pregnant women were followed in the study. All patients were receiving steroid treatment. Titers of antibodies to ssDNA, dsDNA, histones, cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylserine (PS) were determined at the first, second, and third trimester and post-partum by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall the average levels of autoantibodies in all the patients were within the normal range, except for the average levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies which were elevated during the second trimester. Eight women (14.5%) had active disease during pregnancy, and there was a significant correlation between the levels of anti-dsDNA and the risk of disease activity (p = 0.0225). There were 7 fetal losses. There was a tendency for correlation between elevated anti-dsDNA levels, and anti-CL levels and the risk of fetal loss; however, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0685, and 0.0881, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and the risk of preterm delivery (p = 0.0331).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy in SLE patients is associated with significant complications to both the mother and the fetus. Anti-dsDNA levels seem to correlate with the risk of disease exacerbation, and prematurity. Elevated levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-CL may suggest an increased risk of fetal loss.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomer
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Viegas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swissa
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000276:immunology; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000276:immunology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000276:immunology; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies