title: The structure of a complex of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with estradiol and NADP+ identifies two principal targets for the design of inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The steroid hormone 17beta-estradiol is important in the genesis and development of human breast cancer. Its intracellular concentration is regulated by 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the reversible reduction of estrone to 17beta-estradiol. This enzyme is thus an important target for inhibitor design. The precise localization and orientation of the substrate and cofactor in the active site is of paramount importance for the design of such inhibitors, and for an understanding of the catalytic mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structure of recombinant human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of type 1 (17beta-HSD1) in complex with estradiol at room temperature has been determined at 1.7 A resolution, and a ternary 17betaHSD1-estradiol-NADP+ complex at -150 degrees C has been solved and refined at 2.20 A resolution. The structures show that estradiol interacts with the enzyme through three hydrogen bonds (involving side chains of Ser142, Tyr155 and His221), and hydrophobic interactions between the core of the steroid and nine other residues. The NADP+ molecule binds in an extended conformation, with the nicotinamide ring close to the estradiol molecule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the structure of the complex of the enzyme with the substrate and cofactor of the oxidation reaction, the orientation of the substrates for the reduction reaction can be deduced with confidence. A triangular hydrogen-bond network between Tyr155, Ser142 and O17 from estradiol probably facilitates the deprotonation of the reactive tyrosine, while the conserved Lys159 appears not to be directly involved in catalysis. Both the steroid-binding site and the NADPH-binding site can be proposed as targets for the design of inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Cristallogenése des Protéines, Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, CEA - CNRS 41, avenue des Martyrs, F-38027 Grenoble cedex, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Housset
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fontecilla-Camps
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004960:Estradiol Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004970:Estrone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009249:NADP / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004970:Estrone; D014443:Tyrosine; D012694:Serine; D004958:Estradiol; D009249:NADP; D004960:Estradiol Dehydrogenases; D010100:Oxygen