title: Tuberculosis among European patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The AIDS in Europe Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with tuberculosis in Europe; to assess the incidence and risk factors of tuberculosis after AIDS; to compare survival of AIDS patients with and without extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) at the time of AIDS diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentric retrospective cohort study of 6544 AIDS patients diagnosed in 52 clinical centres and 17 European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Description of patient characteristics and comparisons of tuberculosis incidence and mortality after AIDS with multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14.6% of AIDS patients had tuberculosis and 78% of those with tuberculosis had EPTB. EPTB was the AIDS-defining condition in 8.7% of the patients. Tuberculosis incidence after AIDS was 3.1 per 100 person-years. Age, gender and HIV-transmission category were not significantly associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis and the strongest risk factor for both EPTB and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was the region of origin. The adjusted hazard ratio of EPTB and PTB in Southern Europe compared to Northern Europe were 5.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.0-6.1) and 2.0 (CI: 1.4-2.7) respectively. The apparent survival advantage of AIDS patients with EPTB compared to patients diagnosed with other conditions (median survival time: 22 vs 16 months) was statistically not significant when confounding variables were adjusted for (Hazard ratio: 0.85; CI: 0.62-1.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Europe, there are large differences in the incidence of tuberculosis among AIDS patients in different countries. They do not seem to be due to differences in age or in the prevalence of injecting drug use and likely reflect differences in the prevalence of tuberculosis infection. The role of recent transmission should also be considered, and national tuberculosis control efforts and Europe-wide surveillance need to be reinforced accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Division de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Genève, Switzerland. SUDRE@DMINOV1.HCUGE.CH
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sudre
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hirschel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwander
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katlama
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ledergerber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Arminio Monforte
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Pehrson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology