title: Influence of thyroxine in vivo on preadipocyte development and insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF binding protein secretion in fetal stromal vascular cell cultures.
abstract: Studies were conducted to determine the influence of thyroxine (T4) in vivo on preadipocyte development and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) secretion in stromal-vascular (S-V) cultures. Fetal pigs were hypophysectomized (hypox) at 70 days of gestation, implanted with T4 pellets, and fetuses from the dam at 75 days of gestation. In a second experiment, hypox and T4 implantation were performed at 75 days and fetal pigs removed at 95 days of gestation. Primary cultures of stromal vascular (S-V) cells derived from fetal adipose tissue were established. Cultures were stained for morphological analysis and conditioned media were collected for IGF-1 determination by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and IGFBP analysis by Western blotting. After only 5 days of T4 treatment, fat cell cluster number and size and lipid deposition in cultures were significantly increased compared to cultures from untreated hypox fetuses. Fetal hypox reduced IGF-I secretion by preadipocytes at both ages and T4 treatment completely normalized IGF-I secretion (p < 0.05). Four IGFBPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3 & BP-4) detected in S-V cultures derived from 95-day fetuses were decreased in concentration by hypox by 44 +/- 9.4%, 32 +/- 9.7%, 42 +/- 12% and 53 +/- 6.9%. In cultures derived from T4 treated hypox fetuses, the levels of these four IGFBPs were increased by 187 +/- 25%, 239 +/- 38%, 190 +/- 5% and 347 +/- 43% over control values, respectively. In cultures from 75-day fetuses, only IGFBP-2 (major one) and BP-1 (minor one) were detected and their secretion was also decreased by hypox and elevated by T4 treatment (190 +/- 49.5%, 156 +/- 30%, respectively, of controls). The results provide direct evidence that T4 has a major influence on fetal preadipocyte development. T4 stimulated production of IGF-I and IGFBP in fetal S-V cultures, which in turn, may have mediated the capability of T4 to enhance fetal adipose tissue development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hausman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007016:Hypophysectomy; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013974:Thyroxine