title: Induction of TGF-beta by an antiprogestin in the human breast cancer cell line T-47D.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiprogestins appear to be a new approach for the endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Most breast cancer cells are growth inhibited by TGF-beta. Any change of tumorcellular TGF-beta secretion could have some impact on tumorcellular growth. We addressed our question to whether the antiprogestin onapristone can induce TGF-beta secretion in breast cancer cells in vitro and whether a possible induction correlates with the antiproliferative effect and the receptor status of the cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the ER and PR positive breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T-47D and an ER and PR negative variant T-47D/x. Hormone receptor levels were determined by EIA, total (LTGF-beta + active TGF-beta) and active TGF-beta by a radioreceptor assay. All cell biological and antiproliferative effects were measured during basal, not estrogen-stimulated growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To our knowledge, we are the first to describe, that the TGF-beta secretion of tumor cells can be increased by an antiprogestin (total: 4.8-fold, active 2.9-fold). A stimulation was found only in the markedly PR positive T-47D cells, in which onapristone proved to have strong antiproliferative potency. In the MCF7 and T-47D/x cells onapristone showed no induction of TGF-beta. Moreover, those cells were not growth inhibited. Whereas onapristone did not influence the ER-content, it dramatically downregulated the PR-content of the T-47D and MCF7 cells (93% and 65%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations make it likely, that the antiproliferative potency of the antiprogestin onapristone is at least partly due to the ability of onapristone, to stimulate the strong growth inhibitor TGF-beta. In contrast to the antiprogestin RU 486, onapristone showed no estrogenic activity (stimulation of growth and PR), which could be a decisive advantage in the therapy of breast cancer, taking into account, that many breast carcinomas grow estrogen dependent.
authors.affiliation: Frauenklinik, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dannecker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Possinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Classen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D006067:Gonanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006067:Gonanes; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C053238:onapristone