title: A phase II trial of VP-16, ifosfamide, cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin in advanced germ-cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A Phase II study to evaluate the effect of a five-drug regimen, VP-16, ifosfamide, cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (VIP/VB) on complete response rate, continuous disease-free survival, and toxicity in patients with advanced germ-cell tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male patients with a histologic diagnosis of advanced-stage germ-cell cancer, previously untreated with chemotherapy, received the following: etoposide 75 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-5; ifosfamide (with mesna uroprotection) 1.2 g/m2 i.v. days 1-5; cisplatin 20 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-5; vinblastine 0.18 mg/kg i.v. day 1; bleomycin 30 units i.v. day 1; filgrastim 5 micrograms/kg days 7-16. Chemotherapy was given every 3 weeks (bleomycin weekly x 12) for four courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients entered were evaluable for toxicity, response, and survival. Eleven of 20 (55%) achieved complete remissions with chemotherapy alone and an additional 5 (25%) were rendered disease-free with surgical resection of teratoma (3) or viable cancer (2). Two patients relapsed at 4 and 5 months from complete remission (CR). There was one treatment-related death, from bleomycin lung toxicity after thoracotomy. Thirteen patients (65%) are alive and continuously free of disease, with a median follow-up of 20 months and a minimal follow-up of 12 months. Hematologic toxicity was most common, with 16 patients (80%) having grade 3 or 4 leukopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VIP/VB appears to be a very active regimen in advanced disseminated germ-cell cancer. Hematological toxicity was severe but manageable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanke
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Loehrer
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D014747:Vinblastine; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide