title: The human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) gene cluster on chromosome 1p13 contains a presumptive pseudogene; 3 beta-HSD and CYP17 do not segregate with dominantly inherited hirsutism.
abstract: Four hirsute females from a family exhibiting idiopathic dominant hirsutism were examined. Basal blood levels of delta 5 and delta 4 steroids were within the normal range, but ACTH stimulation led to increases in 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone that were significantly above control levels. Using polymorphic genetic markers, the genes for cytochrome P450c1717 encoded by CYP17, and the type I and II forms of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) were found not to segregate with hirsutism in this family, though a base substitution was detected in the 3' end of exon 1 of the gene for 3 beta-HSD type I in three of the four patients investigated. Analysis of PCR patients amplification products by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing revealed a novel homologue of exon 3 of 3 beta-HSD. DNA of one of the affected patients was used to create a genomic library in lambda gem 11 and clones containing the novel homologue were obtained and partially sequenced. The equivalent clone was obtained from a genomic library of an unrelated normal individual. The sequences of the clones from patient and control were identical and homologous to exons 2-4 of human 3 beta-HSD types I and II. No difference was found in the PCR primer sites that flanked the exons 3 homologue which led to its detection on DGGE gels. In both clones, stop codons and deletions were identified in the exon 4 homologue, leading to the deduction that the sequence comes from a pseudogene, which we call 3 beta-HSD psi 1. The pseudogene mapped to chromosome 1p13. It was concluded that dominantly inherited idiopathic hirsutism in this rare kindred was not due to deficiencies in 3 beta-HSD types I, II, or psi or of CYP17).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vass
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frank-Raue
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szpirer
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
mesh_terms: D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D017931:DNA Primers; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015698:Genomic Library; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D013256:Steroids / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D013256:Steroids; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase