title: Influence of vehicle composition variations on the in vitro and ex vivo clonazepam diffusion from hydrophilic ointment bases.
abstract: A systematic study of formulation factors influencing the release of clonazepam from hydrophilic ointment bases was performed. Diffusion experiments were carried out using both artificial membranes (cellulose nitrate membrane impregnated with lauryl alcohol or isopropylmiristate or vaseline oil) and natural ones (rabbit ear skin). The formulation variables were the percentage of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 6000 and water, and the type of lipophilic component (lauryl alcohol, isopropylmyristate or vaseline oil) added to the vehicle. In vitro and ex vivo results were compared and the best formulation was found, even if it was not possible to establish a precise correlation between the in vitro and ex vivo flux values.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nassini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manderioli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004058:Diffusion; D007851:Dodecanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009226:Myristates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009824:Ointments; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009226:Myristates; D009824:Ointments; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; C008205:isopropyl myristate; D007851:Dodecanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002998:Clonazepam; D008899:Mineral Oil