title: Amygdala-kindled convulsions in suspended rats.
abstract: Amygdala-kindled Long-Evans rats were suspended in a harness--with all four feet off the ground--and their convulsions were triggered, videotaped, and scored. In the suspended subjects, it was found that kindled convulsions involve the hindlimbs as well as the forelimbs and that they involve tonus as well as clonus. These data contradict the commonly held view that kindled convulsions consist only of face and forelimb clonus. They suggest that kindled convulsions resemble the generalized, whole-body convulsions observed in the maximal electroshock model and other "maximal" seizure models.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Epilepsy Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noffel
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Burnham
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology*