title: Coronary effects of diadenosine tetraphosphate resemble those of adenosine in anesthetized pigs: involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
abstract: Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is an adenine nucleotide with vasodilatory properties. We examined the effects of Ap4A on coronary circulation in comparison with those of adenosine, its metabolite, in anesthetized pigs. Left atrial (LA) infusion of Ap4A at increasing doses of 100, 200, and 300 micrograms/kg/min increased coronary blood flow (CBF) and decreased systemic blood pressure (BP) and coronary vascular resistance (CVR). Ap4A had no effect on large epicardial coronary artery diameter (CoD). Likewise, LA infusion of adenosine at doses of 150 and 300 micrograms/kg/min increased CBF and decreased BP and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) but did not affect CoD. Therefore, the vasodilatory effects of Ap4A and adenosine were predominant in small coronary resistance vessels and negligible in large coronary arteries. Pretreatment with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg, intravenously, i.v.), a specific blocker of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), attenuated alterations of CBF, BP, and CVR induced by Ap4A and by adenosine. In contrast, treatment with cromakalim (0.5 microgram/kg/min i.v.), an activator of KATP, enhanced the coronary effects of Ap4A and adenosine. Therefore, the opening of KATP in the pig coronary circulation is involved in the in vivo vasodilatory effects of Ap4A and adenosine. Treatment with 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, 4 mg/kg i.v.), an adenosine receptor antagonist, suppressed CBF increases induced by Ap4A (20 micrograms/kg/min, intracoronarily, i.c.) and adenosine (5 micrograms/kg/min i.c.) by 68 and 90%, respectively. These findings suggest that the in vivo coronary effects of Ap4A are largely caused by the opening of KATP through rapid degradation to adenosine to activate adenosine receptors.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakae
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D015221:Potassium Channels; C020733:diadenosine tetraphosphate; D000241:Adenosine; D005905:Glyburide