title: Violence, mental health, and substance abuse in patients who are seen in primary care settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the associations among having feelings of anger, being the perpetrator or victim of violent acts, having symptoms of psychiatric distress, and being substance abusers in patients who were seen in primary care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A brief self-administered questionnaire was completed by adults who were attending ambulatory clinics of a community hospital and of a neighborhood health center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three percent of the participants were women; 45% were Hispanic or Portuguese, 10% were African American, 35% were white, and 10% were of other ethnic or racial backgrounds; and most were of a lower socioeconomic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feelings of anger and acts of violence were most highly associated as follows: (1) among men, with being hit as a child, use of drugs, and symptoms of nervousness; (2) among all women, with a drinking problem and "being down"; and among white women, with a drinking problem, being down, and being hit as a child or as an adult or both. Consequences of being hit as a child were feelings of anger and drug use among men, drinking problems among all women, and psychiatric symptoms among white women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An 18-item self-administered questionnaire can provide useful information on symptoms of psychiatric distress and substance abuse. These symptoms may be associated with feelings of anger and violence-both for the perpetrator and victim. This questionnaire may aid practitioners in the detection and management of physical and psychologic problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wyshak
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Modest
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology