title: Technical note: reversible re-entrant cannulation of the parotid duct in cattle using a new injection anesthesia regimen.
abstract: A new method for reversible reentrant cannulation of the parotid duct in cattle by use of an injectable anesthetic regimen is described. Ruminal contents were removed before anesthesia instead of food deprivation. The parotid duct was dilated by means of a long hemostatic forceps: its jaws were encased in a piece of plastic tube, and the tip was extended by a piece of flexible wire. A polyethylene parotid catheter was inserted into the dilated duct and passed through the cheek. The saliva was re-directed back into the mouth via a silicone tube through another fistula in the cheek. The cannulations were maintained for 3 to 11 wk and two cows were recannulated three to five times in both parotid ducts without problems. No pathological changes of the mouth epithelium were found at slaughter. The rate of flow from the ducts during rest, ruminating, and eating were 5 to 20, 25 to 50, and 40 to 75 mL/min, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Animal Health, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural Unviersity, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grøndahl-Nielsen
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Grovum
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013522:Surgery, Veterinary / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors