title: Measurements of magnetism-related forces and torque moments affecting medical instruments, implants, and foreign objects during magnetic resonance imaging at all degrees of freedom.
abstract: We designed a novel force/torque moment transducer with six degrees of freedom. This new sensor is used for measuring the forces and torque moments exerted by static magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fields on various medical implants, instruments, and ballistic shell fragments. To determine the location of strongest effect the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field between the entrance of the MRI-tube (portal), and the imaging section was measured. Force and torque moments of a sample of 45 objects were measured at two positions, at the portal, and in the center of the imaging section. We classified the objects regarding to the magnetism-related forces measured in the homogeneous part of the MRI tube. About one-third of the objects was non- or weakly magnetic, one-third moderately, and the last third was strongly magnetic. Forces within the inhomogeneous area of the magnetic field at the entrance part of the tube were up to half a magnitude larger than forces inside the homogeneous imaging section. Here the greatest potential risks to patients might occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Planert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Modler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vosshenrich
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005547:Foreign Bodies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008280:Magnetics; D019736:Prostheses and Implants