title: Tumor-specific cell surface expression of the-KDEL containing, endoplasmic reticular heat shock protein gp96.
abstract: Heat shock protein (HSP) gp96/grp94 contains a signal peptide at the amino terminus and a -KDEL sequence at the carboxy terminus and is a major component of the lumen of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We show, by a number of immunolocalization methods using light and electron microscopy, that a significant proportion of intact gp96 molecules is also expressed on the cell surface. Surface gp96 molecules truly represent surface expression and do not result from adventitious deposition of gp96 released by dead cells on to the live cells in culture. Cell surface expression of gp96 is enhanced by heat shock and exposure to reducing agents. Gp96 molecules are not released from plasma membranes by repeated salt washes, and gp96 is not an integral membrane protein. Our observations suggest that gp96 and perhaps other HSPs are anchored to the cell surface as part of larger molecular complexes, which also transport them to the cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Feldweg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heike
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Protopopov
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Masur
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D009842:Oligopeptides; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; C052646:sarcoma glycoprotein gp96 rejection antigens; C073762:lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine; D008623:Mercaptoethanol