title: Growth inhibition of squamous cell carcinoma xenografts with the polyamine analogue BE 4444.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The capacity of radiation to cure advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is compromised by the proliferation of surviving tumor cells during the course of therapy (overall duration, often 7-9 weeks). Antiproliferative agents that inhibit tumor proliferation, even in the absence of direct cytotoxicity, may be useful adjuncts for concurrent use with radiation. Modulation of endogenous polyamine (PA) metabolism has the potential to inhibit cell growth. The PA analogue 1,19-bis(ethylamino)-5,10,15-triazanonadecane (BE 4444) is a synthetic compound that demonstrates antiproliferative effects in human tumor cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the PA analogue BE 4444 for its inhibitory effect on the growth of human squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Xenografts of human squamous cell carcinomas were grown in nude mice; then, BE 4444 was injected intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg) on a twice-daily schedule for 8 days. Tumor growth measurements were performed twice weekly for 8 weeks and compared with those of control mice that were injected with sterile saline solution on the same schedule. The PA levels in the tumor and normal tissue samples were assayed at the completion of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor volume in the BE 4444-treated mice was reduced by 62% compared with tumor volumes in control mice, and the tumor growth rate was reduced by 64%. This growth inhibition was maintained through completion of the experiment. Levels of endogenous PAs were not significantly different from control levels, suggesting that the mechanism of action for BE 4444 is not simply PA biosynthesis inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PA analogue BE 4444 is an inhibitor of human squamous cell cancer growth. Further studies are in progress to characterize the potential value of PA analogues as adjuncts to radiation therapy for rapidly proliferating squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Auchter
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pickart
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Harari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D011073:Polyamines; C082768:BE 4-4-4-4; D013096:Spermine