title: Monocyte production of transforming growth factor beta in long-term hemodialysis: modulation by hemodialysis membranes.
abstract: Cytokines are likely involved in hemodialysis-associated complications such as immunodeficiency and beta 2 microglobulin amyloidosis. Because transforming growth factors beta (TGF beta) exert immunosuppressive effects on lymphocytes, down-modulate monocyte functions, and promote fibrosis, we hypothesize that they participate in the deleterious effects of hemodialysis. We investigated the production of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 by monocytes from controls and patients dialyzed with high-flux cellulose triacetate (CT) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. The detection of both TGF beta s required an acidification step, suggesting that they are secreted as latent complexes. The spontaneous production of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 was significantly higher in patients dialyzed with CT or PAN than in controls, but the oversecretion of TGF beta 1 was more sustained in CT-treated patients than in PAN-dialyzed patients. The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was increased in both patient groups as compared with controls. In contrast to TGF beta 1, the increase was greater in PAN-treated patients than in CT-treated patients, and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) was increased only in PAN-treated patients. Taken together, our results show that hemodialysis is associated with the oversecretion of monocyte cytokines. Moreover, the type of dialysis membrane specifically affects the balance between the secretion of suppressive cytokines such as TGF beta and that of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF alpha.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mege
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Purgus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olmer
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C010504:polyacrylonitrile; D002482:Cellulose; C024671:cellulose triacetate