title: Self-reported disability due to headache: a comparison of clinic patients and controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the self-reported disability of headache sufferers who seek medical assistance with those who do not seek such help and determine possible relationships between perceived disability and psychological factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 51 headache patients and 53 persons without medical assistance for their headache within the past 2 years. All subjects completed a structured interview that gathered headache data, a headache disability scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Revised (MMPI-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 x 2 ANCOVA design was employed. Subject group (patient vs control) was the first factor and headache type (migraine vs mixed) was the second. Covariates were headache intensity and five subscales of the MMPI-2. Dependent variables were the seven subscales of the headache disability scale. Stepwise discriminant analysis was conducted to determine which factors best classified subjects as patients or controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Medical Center headache clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinic patients reported significantly greater disability on their occupation than controls--a difference emerging after controlling for level of headache pain and personality variables. Patients differed from controls, although not significantly, in the rank order of life activities most affected by headache. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-reported disability for occupation and the Hysteria scale from the MMPI-2 best differentiated the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7314, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics; D012649:Self Concept