title: Zidovudine alone or in combination with didanosine or zalcitabine in HIV-infected patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. Investigators for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared two combinations of nucleosides with zidovudine alone in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1102 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned to receive zidovudine alone or zidovudine combined with either didanosine or zalcitabine. Disease progression, survival, toxic effects, and the CD4 cell response were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 35 months, disease progression or death occurred in 62 percent of the 363 patients assigned to zidovudine plus didanosine, 63 percent of the 367 assigned to zidovudine plus zalcitabine, and 66 percent of the 372 assigned to zidovudine only (P=0.24). As compared with zidovudine therapy, treatment with zidovudine plus didanosine was associated with a relative risk of disease progression or death of 0.86 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.03), and treatment with zidovudine plus zalcitabine was associated with a relative risk of 0.92 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.76 to 1.10). Survival was similar in the three groups. In a subgroup analysis, combination therapy delayed disease progression or death in patients who had previously received zidovudine for 12 months or less. Therapy with zidovudine plus didanosine resulted in more gastrointestinal adverse effects, and treatment with zidovudine plus zalcitabine, more neuropathy. The mean increases in CD4 cell counts at two months were higher with combination therapy than with zidovudine alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with advanced HIV infection, combination therapy with zidovudine and either didanosine or zalcitabine is not superior to zidovudine therapy alone. However, these combinations may be more effective than zidovudine monotherapy in patients with little or no previous zidovudine treatment.
authors.affiliation: St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Saravolatz
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pettinelli
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reves
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Loveless
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016049:Didanosine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012306:Risk; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D016047:Zalcitabine; D016049:Didanosine