title: Evaluation of modified dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar for enumerating fungi in wheat flour: a collaborative study.
abstract: Dichloran 18% glycerol agar base supplemented with 100 micrograms of chloramphenicol ml-1 (DG18 agar) was compared to DG18 agar supplemented with 100 micrograms of Triton X-301 ml-1 (DG18T) and DG18 agar supplemented with 1 microgram of iprodione [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methyl-ethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolidine- carboxamide] ml-1 (DG18I agar) for enumeration of fungi in ten brands of wheat flour. As the flours contained low fungal populations, all were inoculated with two to four strains of xerophilic fungi (Aspergillus candidus, A. penicillioides, Eurotium amstelodami, E. intermedium, E. repens, E. rubrum, E. tonophilum, E. umbrosum and Wallemia sebi), after which counts ranged from 3.87 to 6.37 log10 CFU g-1. Significantly higher populations (p < 0.05) were detected in four flours: three were on DG18T compared to DG18 and DG18I agar. A. candidus had been inoculated into all three flours. E. amstelodami, E. intermedium, E. repens or E. tonophilum had also been inoculated into at least one of the three flours showing significantly higher numbers of CFU on DG18T agar. Analysis of collapsed data from all samples showed that DG18T agar was significantly better than DG18 or DG18I agars at p < 0.10 but not at p < 0.05. Coefficients of variation for reproducibility (among-laboratory variation) were 8.4%, 7.5% and 8.6%, respectively, for DG18, DG18T and DG18I agars. DG18I agar restricted colony development most, especially for Eurotium species. Naturally occurring Penicillium species grew equally well on DG18 and DG18T agars, whereas W. sebi grew well on all three media. DG18T agar was judged to be superior to DG18 and DG18I agars for enumerating fungi in wheat flours.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223-1797, USA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Beuchat
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D005990:Glycerol; D006827:Hydantoins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006827:Hydantoins; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C004354:dicloran; D005990:Glycerol; C033148:iprodione