title: How forearm position affects grip strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have indicated that changing body positions results in altered grip strengths. Although one might expect that grip strength would be influenced by the position of the forearm during gripping due to the biomechanical properties of the forearm and hand muscles, no investigations of this variable have been undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the effect on grip strength of moving the forearm among supinated, neutral, and pronated positions while maintaining the standard position recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapists. The mean of three grip trials in each position was recorded for each of 106 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grips in forearm supination were the strongest, followed by grips in the neutral position. Grips in pronation were the weakest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in grip strength observed with variations in forearm position further support the necessity of a standard position for testing grip strength. The knowledge of how changes in body position affect the strength of the grip can be used to design environments and tools to maximize biomechanical abilities.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Education Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602, USA.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palmiter-Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011403:Pronation; D013484:Supination