title: Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid predicts behavioral response to stimulants in 45 boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Central dopaminergic activity has been assumed to play a role in the efficacy of stimulant drugs in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although supporting evidence has been scant. This study examined baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of boys with ADHD in relation to response to three different stimulant drugs. Forty five boys with DSM-III-R-diagnosed ADHD had a lumbar puncture before double-blind trials of methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and placebo. Sixteen also received pemoline as part of a subsequent open trial. Stepwise linear regressions determined significant predictors of drug response. Our prior report of a positive significant correlation between CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) and ratings of hyperactivity on placebo was replicated in a new sample of 20 boys. After baseline symptom severity, CSF HVA was the best predictor of stimulant drug response, with significant independent contribution to four of the ten measures of hyperactivity that changed significantly with medication. Higher HVA predicted better drug response, and lower HVA was associated with worsening on some measures. This supports the mediating role of central dopaminergic activity in stimulant drug efficacy in childhood hyperactivity.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kruesi
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gulotta
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010389:Pemoline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate; D010389:Pemoline; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid