title: Drugs coordinating and restoring gastrointestinal motility and their effect on selected hypodynamic gastrointestinal disorders in horses and cattle.
abstract: Hypodynamic gastrointestinal disorders in horses and cattle that are thought to benefit from treatment with drugs restoring and coordinating gastrointestinal motility include postoperative ileus and large colon impaction in the horse and displacement of the abomasum and dilatation of the cecum in cattle. Important physiologic, pathophysiologic and pharmacologic mechanisms involved in the intrinsic control of gastrointestinal motility include cholinergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and opioid-mediated pathways. Preliminary results suggest that cisapride, acting on 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors, might be useful for treatment of idiopathic postoperative ileus and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking agent yohimbine for endotoxic postoperative ileus. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, are thought to restore motility of the large colon in cases of large colon impaction in the horse. Bethanechol and neostigmine significantly increase myoelectric activity of the cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon in healthy cows. Investigations of the effects of prokinetic drugs on displacement of the abomasum of cattle do not allow any conclusions because no results derived from controlled experimental disease models are available.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Food Animals and Horses, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roussel
mesh_terms: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects*; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D004917:Erythromycin