title: Double valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve: 10-year results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first generation of pericardial valves was withdrawn from the market because of an excessive rate of premature failure. With an original design, the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve promised improved results.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1984 to December 1993, 71 patients underwent double mitral and aortic valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve. Mean age was 63.4 years. 58% were male, mean clinical status was 2.9 with 71% of patients in NYHA class III or IV, 55% were in atrial fibrillation. All patients were followed for an average of 4.17 years after their operation, and total follow up was 296 patients years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality was 7% (5/71). At this point of the study, 70% of patients are in clinical NYHA class I or II, 42% of patients are in atrial fibrillation and 66% receive anticoagulation treatment. We observed 19 late deaths with an actuarial survival of 58% +/- 14% at ten years. Valve-related complications include four endocarditis, four reoperations, seven anticoagulant-related hemorrhages, two structural failures, one thromboembolic episode, and one sudden death. Two patients died of valve-related causes. After 10 years, freedom from valve related death is 97% +/- 3%, from endocarditis 90% +/- 8%, from reoperation 87% +/- 10%, from thromboembolic complications 98% +/- 2%, from valve failure 93% +/- 7%, and freedom from all complications is 58% +/- 18%. No failure in patients older than 60 years was noted and no leaflet tear was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10-year results of this pericardial bioprosthesis make this valve an outstanding choice when a bioprosthesis is required and in patients over 60 years old.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Trousseau University Hospital, Tours, France.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aupart
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Babuty
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guesnier
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Meurisse
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sirinelli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marchand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate