title: Paraganglioma of the prostatic urethra. A report of three cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and clinical presentation of prostatic urethral paragangliomas and to compare these findings with paragangliomas occurring in the other sites of the lower urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical records of three patients with prostatic urethral paragangliomas were reviewed, as was the histology of each specimen. The tumours were stained immunocytochemically with neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, S100 protein, protein gene product 9.5, prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three tumours occurred in elderly men, two of whom presented with haematuria, one of whom also had a vesical transitional cell carcinoma, and the third patient had obstructive symptoms due to co-existent prostatic hyperplasia. The histological appearances and immunocytochemical findings were consistent with paraganglioma. Treatment consisted of local excision and there were no recurrences or metastases at 5 and 6 years in two patients for whom follow-up was available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urethral paragangliomas are rare tumours arising in elderly men and are hormonally inactive. Although haematuria may be the presenting symptom, it is important to exclude additional more common and possibly more sinister lesions such as transitional cell carcinoma. Local excision appears to be curative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chase Farm Hospital, Enfield, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thurston
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery