title: Staging with computed tomography, transrectal ultrasonography and transurethral resection of bladder tumour: comparison with final pathological stage in invasive bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of clinical staging methods in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five patients with invasive bladder cancer primarily staged using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), computed tomography (CT) and transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) were compared with the final pathological stage determined after radical cystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accurate staging was obtained by TRUS, CT and TURBT in 40, 35 and 46% of the patients, respectively. The rank correlation between primary clinical stage and final pathological stages was significant by all three methods, but not close.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study raise doubts about the assumed benefit of TRUS and CT in the clinical staging of invasive bladder tumours. These methods did not improve the findings obtained by TURBT alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yaman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltaci
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gögüs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery