title: The role of gallium-67 scintigraphy in diagnosing sources of fever in ventilated patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic value of gallium-67 scintigraphy in febrile ventilated patients by correlating the findings of 67Ga scintigraphy to sources of fever and pulmonary density, as determined by a comprehensive protocolized diagnostic evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two intubated patients on mechanical ventilation for > or = 3 days with fever (> or = 38.3 degrees C) and a new or progressive density on chest radiograph. Twenty patients (21 tests) had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic evaluation for fever included bronchoscopy with protected specimen brushing and (protected) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); computed tomography (CT) of sinuses; cultures of blood, urine, and central lines; and CT of the abdomen in high-risk patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uptake of 67Ga was reported as either focal or diffuse pulmonary uptake and extrapulmonary uptake. The combined causes of fever were pneumonia (9), fibroproliferation of late ARDS (7), abdominal process (4), sinusitis (4), urinary tract infection (3), and others (6). Causes of the pulmonary densities were pneumonia (9), ARDS (13), atelectasis (7), congestive heart failure (3), and empyema (1). Marked and diffuse pulmonary uptake was found only in patients with ARDS; however, it was not useful in discriminating those patients with pulmonary fibroproliferation as the sole cause of fever (p = 0.167) from those with infection. 67Ga scintigraphy was inadequate for detecting pneumonia but valuable in identifying extrapulmonary sites of infection in patients with ARDS (p = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  67Ga scintigraphy should be considered only as an adjunct diagnostic test in the febrile, ventilated patient who has no obvious source of fever, despite a negative evaluation that includes testing for pneumonia, sinusitis, and urinary tract infection, conditions that are rarely detected by 67Ga scintigraphy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Meduri
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Belenchia
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Massie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eltorky
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tolley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003663:Decision Trees; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology*; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes