title: Murine alpha-macroglobulins demonstrate divergent activities as neutralizers of transforming growth factor-beta and as inducers of nitric oxide synthesis. A possible mechanism for the endotoxin insensitivity of the alpha2-macroglobulin gene knock-out mouse.
abstract: alpha2-Macroglobulin null mice demonstrate increased resistance to endotoxin challenge (Umans, L., Serneels, L., Overbergh, L., Van Leuven, F., and Van den Berghe, H. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19778-19785). We hypothesized that this phenotype might reflect the function of murine alpha2M (malpha2M) as a neutralizer of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and inducer of nitric oxide synthesis in vivo. When incubated with wild-type mouse plasma, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 bound only to malpha2M. Alternative TGF-beta-binding proteins were not detected in plasma from alpha2M(-/-) mice. Wild-type mouse plasma, but not plasma from alpha2M(-/-) mice, inhibited TGF-beta1 binding to TGF-beta receptors on fibroblasts. Purified malpha2M bound TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 with similar affinity; the KD values were 28 +/- 4 and 33 +/- 4 nM, respectively. Murinoglobulin, the second murine alpha-macroglobulin, bound both TGF-beta isoforms with 30-fold lower affinity. Malpha2M counteracted the activities of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in an endothelial cell growth assay. Malpha2M also induced NO synthesis when incubated with RAW 264.7 cells, an activity which probably results from the neutralization of autocrine TGF-beta activity. Human alpha2M induced NO synthesis comparably to malpha2M; however, MUG had no effect. These studies demonstrate that the ability to neutralize TGF-beta is a property of malpha2M, which is not redundant in the murine alpha-macroglobulin family or in murine plasma. Malpha2M is the only murine alpha-macroglobulin that promotes NO synthesis. The absence of malpha2M, in alpha2M(-/-) mice, may allow TGF-beta to more efficiently suppress excessive iNOS expression following endotoxin challenge.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lysiak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Umans
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Leuven
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gonias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010641:Phenotype; D011485:Protein Binding; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D009569:Nitric Oxide