title: Effects of estrogens only on the prostates of aging men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of estrogen only on prostate tissue were studied in 9 aging male transsexuals who had undergone orchiectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate volume was measured by ultrasound. Biopsies were stained for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), Ki-67 and sex steroid receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostates were small, and biopsies showed PAP and PSA in most cases. No malignancy was found. Few androgen receptors were detectable but there were ample estrogen and progesterone receptors in stroma and epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostates were small after long-term estrogens only. The sex steroid receptor content was considerably changed. PSA and PAP in the specimens suggested that their production does not depend on testicular androgens alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Kesteren
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meinhardt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Valk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geldof
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Megens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gooren
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D014189:Transsexualism
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen