title: Improved plaque assays for Rickettsia prowazekii in Vero 76 cells.
abstract: Typhus group rickettsiae, including Rickettsia prowazekii and R. typhi, produce visible plaques on primary chick embryo fibroblasts and low-passage mouse embryo fibroblasts but do not form reproducible plaques on continuous cell culture lines. We tested medium overlay modifications for plaque formation of typhus group rickettsiae on the continuous fibroblast cell line Vero76. A procedure involving primary overlay with medium at pH 6.8, which was followed 2 to 3 days later with secondary overlay at neutral pH containing 1 microgram of emetine per ml and 20 micrograms of NaF per ml, resulted in visible plaques at 7 to 10 days postinfection. A single-step procedure involving overlay with medium containing 50 ng of dextran sulfate per ml also resulted in plaque formation within 8 days postinfection. These assays represent reproducible and inexpensive methods for evaluating the infectious titers of typhus group rickettsiae, cloning single plaque isolates, and testing the susceptibilities of rickettsiae to antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Policastro
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hackstadt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004640:Emetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000254:growth & development; D012283:Rickettsia prowazekii / Q000254:growth & development*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004640:Emetine