title: Preservation of the latissimus dorsi muscle during cardiomyoplasty surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiomyoplasty surgery has been shown to be associated with damage and degeneration of the assisting skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to use ischemic (short-term) and thermal (long-term) preconditioning to protect the muscle during surgery and the subsequent ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three 10-minute cycles of ischemia-reperfusion were accomplished noninvasively on goat latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) immediately prior to surgery. In another experiment, LDM was noninvasively heat shocked for 20 minutes at 42 degrees C 24 hours prior to surgery. LDM damage was evaluated 5 days postsurgery using enzyme activities (beta-glucuronidase, beta-GLN; citrate synthase), hydroxyproline, morphology, and blood flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lysosomal enzyme, beta-GLN, was significantly increased (43%, p < 0.05) by surgical dissection and remained high in the ischemic preconditioned LDM (58%, p < 0.05) and in the heat shocked LDM (57%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that these two protective protocols do not reduce the muscle damage that occurs during surgical preparation of the LDM for cardiomyoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Deborah Research Institute, Browns Mills, NJ 08015-1799, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ianuzzo
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ianuzzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brdlik
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Klabunde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018421:Cardiomyoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000032:analysis; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D006041:Goats; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis; D007511:Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D009336:Necrosis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015424:Reperfusion
chemical_list: D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D005966:Glucuronidase; D006909:Hydroxyproline