title: Six chromophobe cell carcinomas and one mixed renal cell carcinoma with chromophobe cell features: clinical and pathological implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and clinical and pathological features of chromophobe cell carcinoma (CCC) among renal cell carcinomas (RCCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The records and nephrectomy samples from 166 patients who were operated on and followed up thereafter with a diagnosis of RCC were re-evaluated. New sections were cut and specific staining performed when deemed necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 166 patients with RCC, six were diagnosed as having CCC and, unusually, one patient had a mixed RCC with areas of CCC. Neither the symptoms nor radiological features of these seven patients differed from those of the patients with RCC; the serum ferritin levels of these seven patients were also within the normal range. These patients appeared to have a favourable clinical course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromophobe cell carcinoma is a distinct entity and must be distinguished particularly from oncocytoma and other variants of RCC. Although it seems to have a low malignant potential, metastatic CCC may have a worse prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usubütün
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Uygur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayhan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Remzi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009929:Organ Size; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome