title: Antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia: alternate or simultaneous?
abstract: Neither antegrade nor retrograde cardioplegic protection provides homogeneous distribution, and a combination may be required to avoid anaerobic metabolism and depressed postoperative ventricular function. Tepid cardioplegia (29 degrees C) avoids the delayed recovery of cardiac function and metabolism associated with cold cardioplegia (15 degrees C) and reduces the anaerobic metabolism seen with warm (37 degrees C) cardioplegia. We compared two techniques that combine antegrade and retrograde tepid cardioplegia: alternate and simultaneous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to receive near continuous tepid retrograde and either intermittent antegrade cardioplegia (the alternate technique) or antegrade cardioplegia with the solution delivered concurrently through each completed vein graft (the simultaneous technique).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial lactate extraction was greater after crossclamp release following simultaneous than alternate cardioplegia. Postoperative ventricular function was better after alternate than simultaneous cardioplegia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both techniques permitted rapid postoperative recovery of myocardial metabolism and ventricular function. However, simultaneous cardioplegia was simpler and did not require deairing the aortic root between antegrade infusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weisel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ikonomidis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mohabeer
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mickle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001011:Aorta; D001831:Body Temperature; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003080:Cold Temperature; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates