title: Effect of wetting the mouth on aortic blood pressure just before taking sublingual nitrates.
abstract: The absorption of sublingual nitrate tablets is sometimes variable. We performed a randomized controlled trial to determine whether wetting the mouth improved the decrease in aortic systolic blood pressure (BP) from sublingual nitrate tablet or spray. The 100 patients undergoing routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization were allocated to control (no nitrate), 0.3 mg sublingual nitrate tablet, 0.4 mg sublingual nitrate spray, water + 0.3 mg sublingual nitrate tablet, or water + 0.4 mg sublingual nitrate spray. Aortic systolic and diastolic BP were recorded using a fluid-filled catheter and measured off-line blind to the treatment group. Compared with control subjects, there were significant decreases in aortic systolic BP with both nitrate preparations (tablet = -7.1 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -12.5 to -1.6 mm Hg; spray = -8.0 mm Hg, 95% CI = -13.4 to -2.5 mm Hg). On average, water significantly increased the fall in aortic systolic BP with nitrate tablets (-5.5 mm Hg, 95% CI = -10.9 to -0.1 mm Hg, p = 0.044) but did not significantly enhance the effect of nitrate spray (-2.8 mm Hg, 95% CI = -8.3 to 2.6 mm Hg). Water significantly increased the fall in aortic diastolic BP with tablets only (-2.9 mm Hg, 95% CI = -5.5 to -0.2), and had no significant effect on heart rate. Water had a consistently larger influence on the hemodynamic effects of nitrate tablets than on the effects of nitrate spray. Patients with a dry mouth will have an increased effect from sublingual nitrate tablets if they wet their mouth before using sublingual nitrate tablets. Water does not appear to assist in the action of sublingual spray.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Unit, John Hunter Hospital, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinlay
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fenning
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bastian
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014867:Water; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D014867:Water