title: Antiphospholipid antibody panels and recurrent pregnancy loss: prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies compared with other antiphospholipid antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in addition to cardiolipin in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data analysis of test results from an antiphospholipid antibody panel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-based private patient referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included 866 women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and 288 parous women without a history of reproductive problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with referenced standards and known positive and negative sera on each plate, was used to measure anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidyl inositol, antiphosphatidylglycerol, antiphosphatidylserine, and antiphosphatidylethanolamine. Statistical analyses used the two-tailed Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in 17.3% of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss compared with only 4% in the control population. Eighty-seven of the 866 women (10.1%) were negative for anticardiolipin antibodies but had positive levels of another antiphospholipid antibody. Isolated positive antibody levels occurred most frequently in the immunoglobulin (Ig) G class of phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Isolated IgA was only found in phosphatidylethanolamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women with recurrent pregnancy loss, 150 of 866 (17.3%) had positive anticardiolipin antibodies. Additionally, 87 of 866 (10.1%) women were positive for another antiphospholipid antibody. Patient demographics were similar in both groups. We emphasize the importance of careful standardization, quality control, and interpretation of positive results.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee, Memphis Health Science Center, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Yetman
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kutteh
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid