title: Biofeedback treatment is ineffective in neurogenic fecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess biofeedback treatment (active sphincter exercises under direct electromyography vision) in neurogenic fecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with neurogenic fecal incontinence have been studied prospectively. External sphincter contractions were exercised under direct electromyographic vision twice per day for 30 minutes during 12 weeks. Manometry was done at the beginning and after 12 weeks of training to evaluate objectively changes in sphincter functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient experienced any improvement in fecal control. Mean resting pressure increased from 7 to 9 kPa and mean squeeze pressure from 3.9 to 4.9 kPA, which was of no statistical significance (P = 0.20 and P = 0.46, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External sphincter contraction exercises under direct electromyographic vision are not effective in neurogenic fecal incontinence. Degree of continence does not improve, and external sphincter function is not increased significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: van Tets
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuijpers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bleijenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004576:Electromyography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure