title: Voltage-insensitive Ca2+ channels and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases propagate signals from endothelin-1 receptors to the c-fos promoter.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) triggers poorly understood nuclear signaling cascades that control gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. To better understand how ET-1 regulates gene expression, we asked whether voltage-insensitive Ca2+ channels and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) propagate signals from ET-1 receptors to the c-fos promoter in mesangial cells. Ca2+ influx through voltage-insensitive Ca2+ channels, one of the earliest postreceptor events in ET-1 signaling, mediated induction of c-fos mRNA and activation of the c-fos promoter by ET-1. A CaMK inhibitor (KN-93) blocked activation of the c-fos promoter by ET-1. Ectopic expression of CaMKII potentiated stimulation by ET-1, providing further evidence that CaMKs contribute to c-fos promoter activation by ET-1. The c-fos serum response element was necessary but not sufficient for CaMKII to activate the c-fos promoter. Activation of the c-fos promoter by ET-1 and CaMKII also required the FAP cis element, an AP-1-like sequence adjacent to the serum response element. Thus, voltage-insensitive Ca2+ channels and CaMKs apparently propagate ET-1 signals to the c-fos promoter that require multiple, interdependent cis elements. Moreover, these experiments suggest an important role for voltage-insensitive Ca2+ channels in nuclear signal transduction in nonexcitable cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simonson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016762:Genes, fos; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D002118:Calcium; D015220:Calcium Channels; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017931:DNA Primers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008156:Luciferases; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; C072105:KN 93; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides