title: Hysteroscopy is superior to hysterosalpingography in infertility investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of advanced endoscopic instrumentation in recent years has demonstrated the superiority of direct visual examination over radiographic demonstration of various body cavities. Just as laparoscopy has gradually taken a primary role in the surgical investigation of the ovulatory infertile patient, the role of intrauterine endoscopy in comparison to hysterosalpingography (HSG) needs to be reevaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and sixty-four infertile women had undergone both hysterosalpingography and a diagnostic hysteroscopy and the findings were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to hysteroscopy the sensitivity of HSG was 98%, but its specificity only 15%, the positive predictive value 45%, and negative predictive value 95%. On hysteroscopy a normal uterine cavity was found in 53% of the cases with a filling defect and in 56% of those with uterine wall irregularity on HSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hysteroscopy, a safe and rapid direct visualisation of the uterine cavity, is superior to HSG in the identification of intrauterine pathology. In view of the low positive predictive value and the low specificity of the HSG, we believe it should be replaced by the diagnostic hysteroscopy as a first line infertility investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eilat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ron-El
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soffer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bukovsky
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography / Q000592:standards*; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000592:standards*; D007247:Infertility, Female; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*