title: Physical responses to different modes of interval exercise in patients with chronic heart failure--application to exercise training.
abstract: METHODS
  In exercise training with chronic heart failure patients, working muscles should be stressed with high intensity stimuli without causing cardiac overstraining. This is possible using interval method exercise. In this study, three interval exercise modes with different ratios of work/ recovery phases (30/60 s, 15/60 s and 10/60 s) and different work rates were compared during cycle ergometer exercise in heart failure patients. Work rate for the three interval modes was 50% (30/60 s), 70% (15/60 s) and 80% (10/60 s) of the maximum achieved during a steep ramp test (increments of 25 w/10 s) corresponding to 71, 98 and 111 watts on average. Metabolic and cardiac responses to the three interval exercises were then examined including catecholamine levels and perceived exertion. Parameters measured during interval exercise were compared with an intensity level of 75% peak VO2, determined during an ordinary ramp exercise test (increments of 12.5 W.min-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (mean +/- SEM) (1) In all three interval modes, VO2, ventilation and lactate did not increase significantly during the course of exercise. Mean values during the last work phase were between 754 +/- 30 and 803 +/- 46 ml.min-1 for VO2, between 26 +/- 3 and 28 +/- 1 l.min-1 for ventilation and between 1.24 +/- 0.14 and 1.29 +/- 0.10 mmol.l-1 for lactate. (2) In mode 10/60 s, heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased significantly (82 +/- 4 --> 85 +/- 4 beats.min-1; 124 +/- 5 --> 134 +/- 5 mmHg; P < 0.05 each), while in mode 15/60 s catecholamines increased significantly (norepinephrine 0.804 +/- 0.089 --> 1.135 +/- 0.094 nmol.l-1; P < 0.008; epinephrine 0.136 +/- 0.012 --> 0.193 +/- 0.019 nmol.l-1; P < 0.005). (3) In all three modes, rating of leg fatigue and dyspnoea increased significantly during exercise but remained within the range of values considered 'very light to fairly light' on the Borg scale. (4) Compared to an intensity level of 75% peak VO2, work rate during interval work phases was between 143 and 221%, while cardiac stress (rate-pressure product) was significantly lower (83-88%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three interval modes resulted in physical response in an acceptable range of values, and thus can be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Herz-Zentrum Bad Krozingen, Universität Ulm, Abt. Sport- und Leistungsmedizin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Samek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaibold
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajric
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Essfeld
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roskamm
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption