title: The fluid and crystallized abilities of white, black, and Hispanic adolescents and adults, both with and without an education covariate.
abstract: Data from the standardization sample of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) were used to examine race/ethnic differences on the Horn-Cattell fluid and crystallized constructs. Samples included 768 individuals aged 11 to 24 years (575 White, 117 Black, 76 Hispanic) and 1,160 individuals aged 25 to 94 years (972 White, 124 Black, 64 Hispanic). Multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted, with and without an educational attainment covariate. Race/ethnic group was related significantly to performance on fluid and crystallized variables. Whites generally outscored Blacks and Hispanic on the diverse measures, namely, on tasks dependent on school learning (crystallized), and on those that reflect novel problem solving (fluid). These results maintained even with educational attainment covaried. Hispanics tended to perform better on fluid than on crystallized tests.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-1250, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001076:Aptitude; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D011594:Psychometrics; D012015:Reference Standards; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*