title: High prospective fetal loss rate in untreated pregnancies of women with recurrent miscarriage and antiphospholipid antibodies.
abstract: Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), lupus anticoagulant (LA) and/or anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), are associated with thrombosis and recurrent miscarriage. We studied the outcome of 20 pregnancies in women (median age 32 years; range 23-41) with APA (14 LA positive; three immunoglobulin (Ig) G ACA positive; two IgM ACA positive and one LA and IgG ACA positive) and history of recurrent miscarriage (median 4; range 3-11) who declined pharmacological treatment in their next pregnancy. Comparison was made with a cohort of 100 consecutive women (median age 33 years; range 23-44) with recurrent miscarriage (median 4; range 3-10), in whom no underlying cause to account for their pregnancy losses was found. Of the 20 women with APA, 18 (90%) miscarried compared to 34 of the 100 women (34%) with normal investigations (P < 0.001). The majority (94%) of miscarriages in women with APA occurred in the first trimester. Fetal heart activity was seen prior to fetal death in 86% of women with APA compared to 43% of women with normal investigations (P < 0.01). The first trimester loss of embryonic pregnancies is the most common type of miscarriage in women with APA. This may be a result of defective implantation and subsequent placentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regan
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor