title: Determination and confirmation of identities of flumequine and nalidixic, oxolinic, and piromidic acids in salmon and shrimp.
abstract: A previously published liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining residues of flumequine (FLU) and nalidixic (NAL), oxolinic (OXO), and piromidic (PIR) acids in catfish tissue was applied to salmon and shrimp muscle. Identities of all 4 residues in salmon and shrimp were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The tissue is homogenized with acetone, the acetone extract is defatted with hexane, and the quinolones are extracted into chloroform. The extract is further purified by first partitioning into base and then back-extracting from a solution acidified to pH 6.0. Analytes are determined by LC with simultaneous UV and fluorescence detection. Muscle tissue was fortified with each quinolone at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/g. Average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) for salmon, which represent an average of the 5 levels for each analyte, ranged from 75.9 to 90.8% and from 2.25 to 6.40%, respectively. Average recoveries and RSDs for shrimp ranged from 81.3 to 91.2% and from 7.34 to 10.7%, respectively. Identities of OXO, FLU, NAL, and PIR were confirmed in extracts of salmon and shrimp tissue fortified at 10 ng/g by determination of decarboxylated quinolones by GC/MS. Four diagnostic ions were monitored for OXO, FLU, and PIR, and 5 ions were monitored for NAL. All ion relative abundances were within 10% of those calculated for standard decarboxylated quinolones. Optimum conditions for decarboxylation and GC/MS confirmation are given.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pfenning
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Munns
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Turnipseed
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Roybal
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Plakas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D033364:Decapoda / Q000378:metabolism*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010093:Oxolinic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010893:Piromidic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011807:Quinolizines; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D010893:Piromidic Acid; D010093:Oxolinic Acid; C012976:flumequine