title: Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to present the reliability and validity of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) performing a high-definition topography of perfused vessels of the retina and the optic nerve head with simultaneous evaluation of blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examination of blood flow by SLDF is based on the optical Doppler effect. The data acquisition and evaluation system is a modified laser scanning device; the wavelength of the laser source is 670 mm, with a power of 100 microW (Heidelberg Engineering, HRF). The reliability of SLDF was estimated by performing five separate measurements in 10 eyes on 5 days. The validity of the method was tested by two experiments. First, in an experimental set-up, the capability of SLDF to measure the velocity of a moving plane in absolute units was estimated. Second, comparative measurements were performed of retinal blood flow in normal eyes and in 33 glaucomatous eyes with SLDF and a commercially available single-point laser Doppler flowmeter (Oculix).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found SLDF to produce a high reliability. The reliability coefficients r1 of flow, volume, and velocity were 0.82, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. Comparative measurements of the retinal blood flow by SLDF and a single-point laser Doppler flowmeter of corresponding retinal points showed a linear and significant relationship between flow (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001), volume (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001), and velocity (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001). In the experimental set-up, SLDF was able to quantitatively measure velocity in absolute units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLDF enables the visualization of perfused vessels of the juxtapapillary retina and the optic nerve head in high resolution by two-dimensional mapping of the optical Doppler shift and a reproducible evaluation of capillary blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmauss
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Langhans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harazny
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Groh
mesh_terms: D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000592:standards*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000502:physiology*