title: A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: A 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALCAR) with placebo in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subjects with mild to moderate probable AD, aged 50 or older, were treated with 3 g/day of ALCAR or placebo (1 g tid) for 12 months. Four hundred thirty-one patients entered the study, and 83% completed 1 year of treatment. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive component and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were the primary outcome measures. Overall, both ALCAR- and placebo-treated patients declined at the same rate on all primary and most secondary measures during the trial. In a subanalysis by age that compared early-onset patients (aged 65 years or younger at study entry) with late-onset patients (older than 66 at study entry), we found a trend for early-onset patients on ALCAR to decline more slowly than early-onset AD patients on placebo on both primary endpoints. In addition, early-onset patients tended to decline more rapidly than older patients in the placebo groups. Conversely, late-onset AD patients on ALCAR tended to progress more rapidly than similarly treated early-onset patients. The drug was very well tolerated during the trial. The study suggests that a subgroup of AD patients aged 65 or younger may benefit from treatment with ALCAR whereas older individuals might do more poorly. However, these preliminary findings are based on past hoc analyses. A prospective trial of ALCAR in younger patients is underway to test the hypothesis that young, rapidly progressing subjects will benefit from ALCAR treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences 0624, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0624, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Friedland
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pettegrew
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raskind
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tuszynski
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Woolson
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000108:Acetylcarnitine