TCDD residues in fish and shellfish from U.S. waterways.
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) in the edible portion of fish and shellfish from various U.S. waterways has been monitored since 1979. Analytical results for the period 1979-1994 are reported. Extracts obtained after column chromatographic and liquid chromatographic cleanup were examined by electron capture detection-gas chromatography (GC), and final quantitation and confirmation were performed by GC/mass spectrometry with multiple ion detection. Analyses of 1623 test samples indicated that TCDD residues in fish and shellfish were not widespread but rather were localized in areas near waste sites, chlorophenol manufacturers, and pulp and paper mills. Analytical results indicated that levels in aquatic species from these sites have been declining steadily. No TCDD (limit of detection and confirmation, 1-2 ppt) has been found in recent years in aquatic species from most Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico sites and Great Lakes other than Lake Ontario and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron).
Firestone
D
D
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
Fehringer
N V
NV
Walters
S M
SM
Kozara
R J
RJ
Ayres
R J
RJ
Ogger
J D
JD
Schneider
L F
LF
Glidden
R M
RM
Ahlrep
J R
JR
Brown
P J
PJ
Ford
S E
SE
Davy
R A
RA
Gulick
D J
DJ
McCullough
B H
BH
Sittig
R A
RA
Smith
P V
PV
Syvertson
C N
CN
Barber
M R
MR
D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000592:standards; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States
D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins