title: Immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptor in mouse testicular germ cells during fetal and postnatal development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determination of the cellular distribution of the androgen receptor (AR) in testicular cells is necessary for understanding the mode of AR action in the testis. We here investigated immunohistochemically the localization of AR by use of anti-human AR polyclonal antibody NH27, with special reference to the AR in germ cells in the developing mouse testis.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICR mouse testes taken from day 14 post coitum (p.c.) to day 56 post partum (p.p) were used for AR immunohistochemistry by the routine immunoperoxidase method at the light microscopic level and the pre-embedding method at the electron microscopic level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 14 p.c., AR immunoreactivity was present in nuclei of prospermatogonia but not in those of Sertoli cells or interstitial cells. On day 14 p.p., the AR was detected in the nuclei of spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and myoid cells. AR immunoreactivity in nuclei of Leydig cells appeared on day 21 p.p. In the mature mouse testis, the AR was present in the nuclei of spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, myoid cells, and Leydig cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AR was present both in germ cells and in somatic cells during fetal and postnatal development of the mouse testis. In the fetal testis, AR was localized exclusively in prospermatogonia and spermatogonia, suggesting that androgen may act directly on germ cells during prespermatogenesis and the early stage of spermatogenesis. Based on the fact that AR is expressed in Sertoli cells, myoid cells, and Leydig cells around the onset of spermatogenesis, the regulation of AR expression in the germ cells seems to be different from that in the somatic cells. Furthermore, our present data suggest the ultrastructural localization in nuclei of mouse testicular cells is similar to that of some other steroid receptors, both in germ cells and somatic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirano
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011247:Pregnancy; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D013737:Testis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen