title: Bladder washing cytology. Comparison of two analytic methods and two proposed quantitative criteria for carcinoma in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare bladder washing cytology preparations created by the Nucleopore filter and slide centrifuge techniques and to evaluate a marker for carcinoma in situ (CIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nucleopore filter and slide centrifuge preparations from 27 patients with urothelial carcinoma were compared and used to create two criteria for CIS. To study reproducibility, three observers evaluated 25 filter preparations for these CIS criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The filter technique displayed more better-preserved single cancer cells (P = .02) and a higher percent group count (the number of cancer cell groups divided by the sum of the number of single cancer cells plus the number of cancer cell groups) (P = .005) than did the cytocentrifuge technique. The initial study showed that patients with many single tumor cells and lower percent group counts were more likely to have CIS than patients without this combined condition (P = .001). This CIS marker had moderate reproducibility (kappa = 0.47 +/- 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The filter technique had better cellular recovery and preservation of tumor cells than did the centrifuge technique. Quantitative cytologic criteria proposed in this study may be an indication that CIS may be present; improved sensitivity and specificity may be obtained if they are combined with other criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Moody
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology*; D002498:Centrifugation; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology