title: The effects of perinatal hypoxia on the behavioral, neurochemical, and neurohistological toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid.
abstract: 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) neurotoxicity and long-term effects of perinatal hypoxia were evaluated in 18 adult rats. Hypoxia-insulted (I) and noninsulted (NI) rats were delivered by cesarean section. Hypoxic insult was effected by submerging dissected uterine horns in warmed saline for 15 min. NI rats were delivered from the adjacent nonsubmerged horns. At postnatal day 90, I and NI rats were trained to perform tasks thought to measure behaviors dependent upon aspects of time estimation (TE), motivation, and learning. At 12 months of age, rats were injected i.p. with escalating doses of 3-NPA (5 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day) immediately after each test session and sacrificed at the end of treatment. Additional male rats were used as untreated controls. Although 3-NPA produced a dose-dependent impairment of performance in each task, the effects were qualitatively similar for each group. A significant difference between I and NI rats was, however, observed in the TE task where NI rats completed less of the task at high doses of 3-NPA compared to I rats. Compared to untreated controls, dopamine concentrations were decreased in caudate nucleus of both I and NI rats after 3-NPA. Specific areas most frequently damaged included cerebral cortex, hippocampal subfield CA1, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum. Lesions usually were less extensive in the I rather than NI members of a littermate pair, suggesting a possible protective effect of perinatal hypoxia against subsequent 3-NPA neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FIDA, Jefferson, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Binienda
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rountree
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Paule
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmued
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Slikker
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Scallet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011247:Pregnancy; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid