title: Motility disorders of the esophagus: diagnosis with barium-rice administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of barium-rice administration for a standardized diagnosis of dysphagia and esophageal motility disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty healthy volunteers and 218 patients with various esophageal disorders (achalasia, scleroderma and other connective tissue diseases, neurologic diseases, esophagitis and others) were examined both by a conventional barium study and by a barium-rice study. The barium-rice meal consisted of barium sulfate and boiled rice, mixed half and half. The time required for esophageal clearance of one sip was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal esophageal transit time in healthy controls was between 5 and 15 s for both methods. In patients, the conventional barium study revealed a prolonged transit time in only 16.5% (36 of the 218 cases). The barium-rice study was abnormal in 51.8% (113 of 218 cases), independent of the underlying disease. The barium-rice study was pathological in 77 of those 182 patients (42.3%) who had normal barium transit time. In 24 patients the radiologic results was confirmed by endoscopy and manometric measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal motility abnormalities are detected by a barium-rice study with a high sensitivity. With this simple and low-cost method, quantitative and reproducible results can be obtained. Barium-rice administration is a suitable tool for screening and follow-up of patients with dysphagia and esophageal motility disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schwickert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schadmand-Fischer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staritz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uberschaer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate