title: Confidentiality dilemmas in group psychotherapy with substance-dependent physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this article are 1) to review federal and state laws relevant to confidentiality in group therapy with impaired physicians and 2) to provide empirical data concerning the actual confidentiality practices and experiences of group therapists treating chemically impaired physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the clinical research phase, 25 state medical societies identified 45 rehabilitation centers as those to which the societies preferentially referred chemically impaired physicians. Fifty-one group leaders from 33 of these rehabilitation centers completed the survey questionnaire employed in this project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Because of the risk of potentially irreversible social and professional injury, physician patients were exceedingly concerned about breaches of confidentiality. Co-members' infractions most often involved the violator sharing with close friends and family members the name and abuse history of a fellow physician. In contrast, transgressors rarely leaked information about a co-member's drug-related illegal behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemically impaired physicians would feel safer in sharing secrets in group therapy if more jurisdictions adopted legislation making co-members liable for violating confidentiality. Currently the pertinent body of law is confusing and inconsistent and provides little protection to impaired physicians who enter group therapy. The authors propose ideas for model legislation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Roback
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D003219:Confidentiality / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D030881:Disclosure; D035082:Federal Government; D005260:Female; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010815:Physician Impairment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States