title: Changes in the breast milk fatty acids and plasma lipids of nursing mothers following consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched eggs.
abstract: The effect of chicken eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids on breast milk and plasma fatty acids was determined in eight nursing women. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched eggs (n-3 eggs) contained 690 mg of n-3 fatty acid with 165 mg composed of longer chain n-3 fatty acid (C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3, and C22:6 n-3). Consuming two n-3 eggs as a part of their normal daily meal for 6 wk resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) deposition of total n-3 fatty acids at 3.6% compared with 1.9% for the pretest milk and a reduction in n-6:n-3 ratio (6.7 vs. 3.0). The C20 and C22 n-3 PUFA comprised 1.2% compared with 0.4% in the pretest milk (p < 0.05). Consuming n-3 eggs did not (p > 0.05) alter the C20:4 n-6 or the total n-6 fatty acid content of breast milk. Mean plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were unchanged at the end of the 6-wk trial. Analysis of the breast milk lipids revealed increased (p < 0.05) predominance of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the milk phospholipids over triglycerides. Positional distribution of phospholipid fatty acids indicated 20:4 n-6 and 20:5 n-3 in the sn-2 position, whereas the sn-1 position had increased levels of C16:0 and C18:0 (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that breast milk n-3 PUFA content can be increased without altering the plasma cholesterol or triglycerides when the n-3 PUFA eggs were consumed by nursing women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sim
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004531:Eggs; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol