title: Effects of posture and pneumoperitoneum during anaesthesia on the indices of left ventricular filling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic surgery requires the use of pneumoperitoneum (PP). When combined with positional changes, pneumoperitoneum may cause marked circulatory alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight anaesthetized cardiovascularly healthy patients, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were studied before and during pneumoperitoneum in three different postures (supine, Trendelenburg and reversed Trendelenburg), employing transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PP significantly increased end-diastolic area (EDA) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) irrespective of posture. PCWP was significantly influenced by postural changes, whereas EDA was not. Further, changes in EDA and PCWP covaried during the investigation, but showed no linear correlation. Systolic function, measured as end-systolic area (ESA) and fractional area shortening (FAS), was not altered. Diastolic function, as assessed by the velocity rate of the transmitral flow during the early filling phase (E) and the atrial contraction (A), showed no change of the E/A ratio, whereas after the induction of PP there was a significant reduction of the E component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cardiovascularly healthy patients, the left ventricular volume is increased during pneumoperitoneum. Further, changes in invasive pressure determinations (PCWP) do not correlate linearly with changes in volume indices of left ventricular filling (EDA).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gannedahl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Odeberg
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brodin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sollevi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum; D011187:Posture; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left