title: Expression and polarization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human intestinal epithelia: consequences for CD11b/CD18-mediated interactions with neutrophils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epithelial dysfunction and patient symptoms in inflammatory intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease correlate with migration of neutrophils (PMN) across the intestinal epithelium. In vitro modeling of PMN transepithelial migration has revealed distinct differences from transendothelial migration. By using polarized monolayers of human intestinal epithelia (T84), PMN transepithelial migration has been shown to be dependent on the leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), but not on CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1). Since intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-1) is an important endothelial counterreceptor for these integrins, its expression in intestinal epithelia and role in PMN-intestinal epithelial interactions was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A panel of antibodies against different domains of ICAM-1, polarized monolayers of human intestinal epithelia (T84), and natural human colonic epithelia were used to examine the polarity of epithelial ICAM-1 surface expression and the functional role of ICAM-1 in neutrophil-intestinal epithelial adhesive interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While no surface expression of ICAM-1 was detected on unstimulated T84 cells, interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) elicited a marked expression of ICAM-1 that selectively polarized to the apical epithelial membrane. Similarly, apically restricted surface expression of ICAM-1 was detected in natural human colonic epithelium only in association with active inflammation. With or without IFN gamma pre-exposure, physiologically directed (basolateral-to-apical) transepithelial migration of PMN was unaffected by blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ICAM-1. In contrast, PMN migration across IFN gamma-stimulated monolayers in the reverse (apical-to-basolateral) direction was inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 antibodies. Adhesion studies revealed that T84 cells adhered selectively to purified CD11b/CD18 and such adherence, with or without IFN gamma pre-exposure, was unaffected by ICAM-1 mAb. Similarly, freshly isolated epithelial cells from inflamed human intestine bound to CD11b/CD18 in an ICAM-1-independent fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that ICAM-1 is strictly polarized in intestinal epithelia and does not represent a counterreceptor for neutrophil CD11b/CD18 during physiologically directed transmigration, but may facilitate apical membrane-PMN interactions after the arrival of PMN in the intestinal lumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Parkos
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Colgan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nusrat
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Madara
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma