title: High prevalence of serum apolipoprotein E4 isoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis patients with amyloidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether serum Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) type 4 isoprotein is a risk factor for the development of amyloidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using isoelectric focusing, we studied Apo E phenotype expression and the corresponding allele frequencies (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4) in 35 patients with RA and amyloidosis, 65 patients with RA and without amyloidosis, and 63 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Apo E3/4 phenotype was significantly more common in the group with amyloidosis (31.4%) than in the patients without amyloidosis (12.3%; P < 0.05) or in healthy controls (12.7%; P < 0.05). The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly greater in the group with amyloidosis (0.16) than in the patients without amyloidosis (0.07; P < 0.05) or in healthy controls (0.07; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of Apo E4 isoprotein may be a risk factor for the development of amyloidosis in patients with RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watababe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E