Treatment of extravasation of both doxorubicin and vincristine administration in a Y-site infusion.
OBJECTIVE
To describe a patient treated with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone who experienced extravasation of both doxorubicin and vincristine during a Y-site infusion.


METHODS
A 74-year-old white woman was diagnosed with multiple myeloma IgA kappa in stage IIA. One year after a complete remission she relapsed. Her treatment included daily doxorubicin 16 mg in 500 mL of dextrose 5% and vincristine 0.4 mg in 500 mL of dextrose 5% administered in a Y-site continuous infusion into a peripheral vein of her left forearm. Extravasation occurred during administration of these drugs. Immediately, chondroitinsulfatase, a mucopolysaccharidase similar to hyaluronidase, was administered subcutaneously around the extravasation area and repeated 24 hours later. Furthermore, dimethyl sulfoxide 90% v/v was applied topically on the area four times daily for 2 weeks. All inflammatory signs resolved and no necrosis developed.


CONCLUSIONS
Ths is the first report of an extravasation of two cytotoxic drugs. Doxorubicin and vincristine have different antidotes and opposite physical treatments for their extravasation. The antidotes dimethyl sulfoxide and chondroitinsulfatase have different mechanisms of action, but both cause uptake of the cytotoxic agent from the tissue and are likely to be administered together. No warming or cooling was performed.


CONCLUSIONS
Topical dimethyl sulfoxide four times daily for 14 days plus subcutaneous chondroitinsulfatase in one or two applications effectively treated an extravasation of both doxorubicin and vincristine in our patient.
Comas
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Departament de Farmacia, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
Mateu
J
J
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002811:Chondroitinsulfatases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014750:Vincristine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002811:Chondroitinsulfatases; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide