title: The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene: a genetic risk factor in smoking.
abstract: Of a group of 312 non-Hispanic Caucasians who smoked at least one pack per day, had unsuccessfully attempted to stop smoking, and were free of alcohol or other drug dependence, 48.7% carried the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene. This was significantly greater than the 25.9% prevalence in the 714 known non-Hispanic Caucasian controls without alcohol or drug abuse, p < 10(-8), and significantly greater than in a smaller set of our study controls. There was a significant, inverse relationship between the prevalence of the D2A1 allele and the age of onset of smoking, p = 0.02, and the maximum duration of time the smokers had been able to quit smoking on their own, p = 0.02. These results suggest the DRD2 gene is one of a multifactorial set of risk factors associated with smoking.
authors.affiliation: City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Comings
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bradshaw-Robinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burchette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muhleman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2