Experiences of torture and ill-treatment and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Palestinian political prisoners.
The relationship between the nature and severity of experiences of torture and ill-treatment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was studied in 550 male nonhelp-seeking Palestinian political ex-prisoners from the Gaza Strip. Results showed that the more a prisoner had been exposed to physical, chemical and electric torture, psychological ill-treatment, and sensory deprivation or bombardment, the more he subsequently suffered from intrusive reexperiencing, withdrawal and numbness, and hyperarousal. Existential problems were not related to torture experiences. Furthermore, duration of imprisonment, health problems during the imprisonment, harassment during arrest and after release, family, marriage and economic difficulties all predicted intrusive reexperiences of trauma. Also, ex-prisoners who continued to be harassed by military authorities and had economic problems suffered more from withdrawal, numbness, and hyperarousal than others.
el Sarraj
E
E
Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Palestine.
Punamäki
R L
RL
Salmi
S
S
Summerfield
D
D
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East; D011057:Politics; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D014104:Torture / Q000523:psychology*