title: Heregulin induces in vivo proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelium into secretory lobuloalveoli.
abstract: Mammary gland development and differentiation is mediated through the combined activities of systemic hormones and locally synthesized growth factors. To determine the in vivo response of mammary epithelium to heregulin (HRG), we implanted Elvax pellets containing HRG alpha or HRG beta within the mammary glands of prepubescent female mice in the presence or absence of exogenous estradiol and progesterone (E/ P). Mice treated in the same way with transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) were included as a positive control. Each growth factor treatment induced epithelial ductal branching in the presence or absence of E/P. In the absence of E/P, HRG beta did not effect terminal end bud formation, mammary epitheilum branching, or ductal migration. In contrast, TGF-alpha and HRG alpha induced ductal branching and HRG alpha induced ductal migration in the absence of E/P. The overall mammary response to growth factors was potentiated by the concomitant presence of E/P. In every case, the in vivo mammary epithelial responses to HRG alpha were more robust than TGF-alpha. Limited lobuloalveolar development was also observed in growth factor-treated mammary glands when E/P was present. Histological examination of growth factor-induced lobuloalveoli revealed secretory products within the lumen of HRG alpha and HRG beta lobuloalveoli. TGF-alpha-induced lobuloalveoli lacked similar secretory products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8023, USA.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jerry
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002364:Caseins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020880:Neuregulins; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D020880:Neuregulins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol