title: Increasing metamemory in older adults.
abstract: The purposes of this study were to test the effects of a 2-week, four-session group intervention with older adults, designed to increase memory self-efficacy and memory performance and to evaluate the influence of depression on memory self-efficacy. A total of 145 community-dwelling older adults (M = 71 years) participated in the study. The intervention significantly increased both memory self-efficacy and memory performance in the treatment group (n = 74). In addition, the treatment group's perception of control in memory-demanding situations was strengthened, and their perception of negative changes in memory over time was diminished. The control group (n = 71) experienced a significant decline in memory self-efficacy over time. Memory performance was not significantly related to memory self-efficacy. Those individuals with depression (M = 7.5), as measured by the short Geriatric Depression Scale, had significantly lower memory self-efficacy scores than those without depression; however, there was no difference in memory performance between the depressed and nondepressed subjects. From the posttest to the follow-up period, depressed subjects receiving the intervention showed a significant decrease in memory self-efficacy, while nondepressed subjects showed no change.
authors.affiliation: Senior Psychology Services, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Dellefield
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McDougall
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012648:Self Care