title: Twin transfusion syndrome: reassessment of ultrasound diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the antenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of the twin transfusion syndrome, an enigmatic disorder that results in an imbalance in the blood flow between monochorionic twins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 16 cases of twin transfusion syndrome confirmed by placental pathology and neonatal data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A disparity in antenatal fetal weights, size difference between the two amniotic sacs and a single placenta were present in 81% (13/16) of confirmed cases. The finding of two separate umbilical cords with a disparity in the size or number of vessels was rare. Evidence of hydrops in either fetus or findings of congestive cardiac failure in the recipient twin were uncommon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data strongly suggest that the twin transfusion syndrome can be diagnosed in a significant number (81%) of cases. The syndrome is variable, and it is rare to observe all the diagnostic criteria in one case.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Medical Research Laboratories, St. Margaret's Hospital for Women, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sbarra
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cetrulo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal