title: Ethical considerations in clinical neuroscience. Current concepts in neuroclinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethical decision making in clinical trials has become increasingly emphasized at many levels of the review process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethical concepts applicable to neuroclinical trials are reviewed. The discussion is directed toward ethical concerns that investigators must consider and justify prior to institutional review board submission. Risk-benefit analysis, methodology (randomization, placebo, design), and consent (informed, deferred, waived) are reviewed and guidelines of the Office for Protection From Research Risk are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigators proposing neuroclinical trials face increasing ethical scrutiny by institutional review boards. Attention to ethical issues early in the trial planning process is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroclinical Trials Center, Virginia Neurological Institute, USA.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Macciocchi
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D026724:Ethical Review; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D035082:Federal Government; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000379:methods*; D010919:Placebos; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos