title: A caudal-type homeobox gene activity associated with the development and regeneration of the liver.
abstract: Indirect evidence suggests that a chicken homologue to caudal, CHox-cad, might be involved in the development of endoderm-derived tissues and in the regeneration of the adult intestinal epithelium. Using the adult liver as an experimental system, we have investigated whether CHox-cad expression can be induced by a regenerative stimulus following partial hepatectomy. Under conditions of normal growth, CHox-cad is expressed in the embryonic but not in the adult liver. In the regenerating adult liver, immunohistochemical analyses and in situ hybridization experiments revealed a varying CHox-cad expression pattern extending from 6 h to 11 days posthepatectomy. Early in regeneration, 6 h and 18 h after partial hepatectomy, CHox-cad expression is confined to hepatocytes present in the periphery of the lobuli and to putative hepatic progenitor cells in the portal spaces. At later stages, from 30 h posthepatectomy onwards, CHox-cad activity is detected predominantly in cells of the hepatic progenitor cell compartment, the portal spaces. By day 8, CHox-cad-expressing cells have occupied marginal positions in some portal spaces and appear to penetrate into the periportal parenchyma. With progressing regeneration CHox-cad activity gradually declines reaching low levels in cells of a few portal spaces by day 11 post hepatectomy. As expected for a putative transcription factor, CHox-cad protein is localized to the cell nucleus. Immunodetection of PCNA, a marker of cell proliferation, revealed a much more widespread distribution of mitotic cells as compared to CHox-cad-expressing cells. In the region of overlapping expression domains, coexpression of CHox-cad and PCNA in the same cells was rare in most instances. There is evidence to suggest that CHox-cad is involved in the differentiation of liver progenitor cells to mature hepatocytes. The similarity of the CHox-cad expression pattern in the early developing liver and in the adult regenerating liver may indicate the reactivation of a genetic program operative during early stages of liver morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Philipps-Universität, Marburg/Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niessing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens; D004727:Endothelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000502:physiology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger