title: Biologic remodeling after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a collagen matrix derived from demineralized bone. An experimental study in the goat model.
abstract: A matrix of demineralized cortical bone was used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament in the goat model. This graft underwent considerable site-specific remodeling and transformation from a Haversian system at time zero into a ligament-like structure at 1 year. This transformation included new bone formation filling the osseous tunnels and replacing the demineralized matrix, development of a ligament-like transition zone within the graft, and ligamentous collagen orientation with crimp in the intraarticular portion of the graft. One year after surgery, the mean anterior-posterior translation in the reconstructed stifle joints at 30 N of tibial loading was 2.1 +/- 0.4 (+/- SEM). The mean ultimate force to failure for the reconstructed ligament at 1 year was 474 +/- 146 N compared with the time-zero (initial) strength of the matrix of 73 +/- 9 N. The cellular repopulation of the graft had no associated inflammatory cells. The potential clinical significance of these findings includes 1) replacement of a collagen matrix with bone within the osseous tunnels, 2) establishment of a more physiologic fibrocartilage transition at the graft insertion site, 3) the time-zero structural properties of a collagen matrix increasing to more desired values with biologic remodeling, and 4) a sterile biologic allograft with essentially no long-term inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Institute at the Southern California Center for Sports Medicine, Long Beach, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gendler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003094:Collagen; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013536:Suture Techniques
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003094:Collagen