title: Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, tropisetron, granisetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind comparison with placebo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a distressing adverse effect of general anaesthesia. The aim of the current study was to compare the antiemetic activity of different 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists with that of metoclopramide and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study we have compared the antiemetic activity of the prophylactic administration of ondansetron 4 mg, tropisetron 5 mg and granisetron 3 mg with that of metoclopramide 10 mg and placebo in 132 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All study drugs and placebo were given as a short iv infusion ten minutes before the induction of anaesthesia. Perioperative anaesthetic care was standardized in all patients. Nausea and vomiting were assessed by direct questioning of the patient at 1, 4, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hr after recovery from anaesthesia. If patients experienced nausea and/or vomiting, rescue antiemetic treatment (metoclopramide 10 mg iv) was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 24-hr recovery period after surgery, the percentages of emesis-free patients were 65.5%, 52%, 48%, 29.2% and 27.6% in the ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron, metoclopramide and placebo groups, respectively. Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron resulted in a lower incidence (P = 0.02) of PONV than with metoclopramide or placebo. The times at which rescue antiemetic was first received were longer (P < 0.01) in ondansetron group than in the placebo and metoclopramide groups. There were no statistical differences between ondansetron, tropisetron and granisetron groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ondansetron, when given prophylactically resulted in a significantly lower incidence of PONV than metoclopramide and placebo. Metoclopramide was ineffective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. F35A002@SAKU00.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: el Bakry
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khoshim
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Channa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el Gammal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: el Gammal
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Elhattab
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaroudi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saddique
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077526:Tropisetron; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017829:Granisetron; D007211:Indoles; D008787:Metoclopramide; D017294:Ondansetron; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D000077526:Tropisetron