title: Laparoscopy as a means of monitoring liver tumor induction in nonhuman primates.
abstract: Nonhuman primates are not commonly used in the study of carcinogenesis. For several years, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has funded a large study to evaluate the relative susceptibility of primates to the effects of several known rodent carcinogens, various cancer chemotherapeutic agents, and several food additives/contaminants, such as cyclamate, saccharin, and aflatoxin. The current colony is comprised of over 300 macaque monkeys which have received a particular test material beginning shortly after birth and continuing for periods of at least 10 years or until tumor is detected. In 1985, a study of the potential carcinogenic effect of the heterocyclic aromatic amine, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), was initiated. Subsequently, studies on two other heterocyclic aromatic amines were initiated, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx) in 1988 and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in 1990. Tumors have been induced thus far only by IQ, and this data will be presented by Dr. Richard Adamson, while the detailed pathology of the neoplasms will be presented by Dr. Unnur Thorgeirsson. Palpation of the liver and monitoring of liver enzymes are not effective means for detecting early evidence of liver tumor. Laparoscopy, on the other hand, can be done easily and quickly and is an effective means of visualizing the liver and for obtaining samples of liver and suspected tumor tissue. Repeated laparoscopic examinations using videotape to document the size, location, and appearance of developing tumors allow more precise monitoring of the carcinogenic process.
authors.affiliation: Hazleton Washington, Inc. Vienna, Virginia 22182, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dalgard
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsson
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010173:Palpation; D011804:Quinolines / Q000633:toxicity*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000633:toxicity*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007093:Imidazoles; D011804:Quinolines; D011810:Quinoxalines; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline; C036990:2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine