title: Survival at high altitudes: wheel-well passengers.
abstract: There have been 10 specific "wheel-well" passenger stowaway flights (the wheel-well area was entered just before take-off) documented in the N.Y. Times between 1947-1993. Five stowaways survived flights encompassing altitudes as high as 39,000 feet, with six dying in the process (one flight had two stowaways, one fatal, one surviving). Three Douglas DC-8 and four Boeing 707 aircraft, plus a Caravelle, an unknown jet, and a piston airliner were involved. Several of the wheel-well flight stowaways were reportedly politically motivated to attempt these international flights. This paper describes the unpressurized flight environment and the physiology that enabled human survival under conditions of extreme hypoxia and cold, inducing a virtual "hibernative" state. It is likely that similar attempts will continue, and alert airport security preventive measures are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Civil Aeromedical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Veronneau
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mohler
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pennybaker
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahiar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D000531:Altitude; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D013534:Survival / Q000502:physiology*