title: Aortic counterpulsation may improve late patency of the occluded coronary artery in patients with early failure of thrombolytic therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a prospective, randomized design, we tested our hypothesis that the augmentation of diastolic pressure by intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) would improve the late patency of the occluded coronary artery in patients with early failure of thrombolytic therapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Rescue angioplasty is often performed in patients in whom thrombolysis has failed, although 30% to 60% of the infarct-related arteries that are closed early after thrombolytic therapy will open later with conservative therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 45 patients in whom thrombolysis had failed, despite treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (alteplase 0.75 mg/kg body weight) delivered over 60 min within 12 h of the onset of symptoms. All patients underwent coronary angiography 60 min after initiation of thrombolytic therapy (baseline), and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 0, 1 or 2 flow was defined as failed thrombolysis. The patients were randomized to groups receiving IABP for 48 h (n = 23) or conservative therapy (n = 22, control subjects) at the end of cardiac catheterization. The late patency of the infarct-related artery, the primary end point of the study, was evaluated 3 weeks after myocardial infarction. Stenosis of the infarct-related artery was measured using a computer-assisted quantitative angiographic system in blinded manner. Data are expressed as mean value +/- SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference with regard to the baseline value for TIMI flow grade between the groups. However, 3 weeks after myocardial infarction, the patients treated with IABP had a significantly higher frequency of TIMI flow grade 3, lower residual percent stenosis and larger minimal lumen diameter of the infarct-related artery than did the control subjects (74% vs. 32%, p < 0.05; 42 +/- 5% vs. 68 +/- 6%, p < 0.01; and 1.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2 mm, p < 0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that in patients with early failure of thrombolytic therapy, IABP may improve late patency of the occluded coronary artery, probably due to augmented perfusion pressure.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Mishima Critical Care Medical Center, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator