title: Crutch-induced axillary artery injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the spectrum of radiologic findings in crutch-induced axillary artery injury and the effects of its unique pathophysiology on diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with axillary crutch-induced axillobrachial injury were studied angiographically and percutaneous intervention was performed in two cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient required surgical bypass of a thrombosed axillary artery aneurysm. One patient responded to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of a focal axillary artery stenosis. One patient with an axillary artery aneurysm and distal thromboembolic disease was treated by both thrombolysis and surgical thromboembolectomy and later by PTA of an axillary artery intimal disruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic axillary crutch use may be associated with axillary artery stenosis, aneurysm formation, and secondary axillobrachial thromboembolic disease. Mural injury can be successfully treated by PTA and thromboembolic disease by thrombolytic therapy. Early identification of the axillary artery lesion is critical for long-term therapeutic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vujic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Callcott
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uflacker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000792:Angiography; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001158:Arteries / Q000293:injuries; D001365:Axilla / Q000098:blood supply*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000293:injuries; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003446:Crutches / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy