title: Six-year follow-up of thyroid function during lithium treatment.
abstract: A cohort of patients at various stages of lithium treatment was followed up for 6 years in order to evaluate the course of thyroid abnormalities. Ultrasonography confirmed that lithium can increase thyroid size, especially in cigarette smokers, and that it can affect the texture of the gland. However, the incidence of clinical hypothyroidism or specific thyroid autoimmunity does not exceed that found in the general population. Repeated determinations of thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations can prevent clinically relevant consequences. Addition of carbamazepine to lithium can counteract lithium-induced subclinical hypothyroidism, possibly improving prophylactic efficacy in recurrent affective disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences B.B. Brodie, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bocchetta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loviselli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mossa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velluzzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Zompo
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006042:Goiter / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000209:etiology; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000276:immunology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002220:Carbamazepine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D008094:Lithium