title: Saponins as vaccine adjuvants.
abstract: Naturally occurring triterpene glycosides (saponins) from Quillaja saponaria have considerable adjuvant activity. Adjuvant functions include stimulation of high levels of antibody to T-dependent and T-independent antigens, induction of mouse IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a isotypes, and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. This article reviews responses due to specific saponins of saponin preparations, effect of formulation, structure/function studies, and use in different preclinical and clinical vaccine applications.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Biotech Corporation, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kensil
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012503:Saponins; D014612:Vaccines