title: Enhanced reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for prostate specific antigen as an indicator of true pathologic stage in patients with prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As up to 50% of all patients with prostate cancer who have undergone radical prostatectomy are found to be understaged subsequent to surgery, a more sensitive early staging modality currently is needed. A molecular assay that detects prostate specific antigen (PSA)-synthesizing cells in the peripheral circulation of patients with prostate cancer is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  An enhanced reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for PSA mRNA was performed on RNA extracted from blood drawn from 94 patients before radical prostatectomy. Surgical specimens were examined to determine the extent of tumor spread. The assay was compared with imaging modalities, digital rectal examination, and serum PSA level as predictors of pathology. Additionally, patients were monitored postoperatively by serum PSA level to determine any potential correlation between patient RT-PCR scores and subsequent tumor recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative pathology revealed that 36 of the 94 patients had extraprostatic disease at the time of surgery. Enhanced RT-PCR identified 26 of these patients from preoperative blood specimens (72% sensitivity). The test was negative for 51 of the 58 patients with organ-confined disease (88% specificity). An odds ratio analysis showed that no other preoperative staging modality was related more strongly to extraprostatic or organ-confined disease. Follow-up PSA determinations revealed that RT-PCR positive patients were at higher risk for a recurrence. At 6 months after surgery, the rates for an increased PSA were 19 and 2% for RT-PCR-positive and -negative patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from this follow-up study continue to support the utility of enhanced RT-PCR as an early staging modality for radical prostatectomy candidates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Begg
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Raffo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buttyan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen