title: Management of lower incisor crowding in the early mixed dentition.
abstract: This paper describes normal and problem development in lower incisor positioning and offers options for management of crowded cases. The following guidelines were recommended, (1) lower incisor crowding of 2 mm or less and with an intercanine width greater than 28mm will usually resolve spontaneously, (2) lower incisor crowding of 3-4 mm is best managed by discing of the primary dentition, (3) crowding assessment of 5-9 mm requires extraction of primary teeth with probable placement of a supportive lingual arch and, (4) crowding greater than 10 mm requires fixed appliance therapy and careful orthodontic management with attention to the severity of the malocclusion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weinberger
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012690:Serial Extraction; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery