title: Molecular characterization of the BRO beta-lactamase of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis.
abstract: A rapid increase in the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis strains has been noticed during the last decades. Today, more than 80% of strains isolated worldwide produce beta-lactamase. To investigate beta-lactamase(s) of M. catarrhalis at the molecular level, the BRO-1 beta-lactamase gene (bla) was isolated as part of a 4,223-bp HindIII fragment. Sequence analysis indicated that bla encodes a polypeptide of 314 amino acid residues. Insertional inactivation of bla in M. catarrhalis resulted in complete abrogation of beta-lactamase production and ampicillin resistance, demonstrating that bla is solely responsible for beta-lactam resistance. Comparison with other beta-lactamases suggested that M. catarrhalis beta-lactamase is a unique enzyme with conserved residues at the active sites. The presence of a signal sequence for lipoproteins suggested that it is lipid modified at its N terminus. In keeping with this assumption was the observation that 10% of beta-lactamase activity was found in the membrane compartment of M. catarrhalis. M. catarrhalis strains produce two types of beta-lactamase, BRO-1 and BRO-2, which differ in their isoelectric points. The BRO-1 and BRO-2 genes from two ATCC strains of M. catarrhalis were sequenced, and only one amino acid difference was found between the predicted products. However, there was a 21-bp deletion in the promoter region of the BRO-2 gene, possibly explaining the lower level of production of BRO-2. The G + C content of bla (31%) was significantly lower than those of the flanking genes (47 and 50%), and the overall G + C content of the M. catarrhalis genome (41%). These results indicate that bla was acquired by horizontal gene transfer from another, still unknown species.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman-Winkler Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bootsma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleer
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Mooi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases