title: Incidence and risk factors of guidewire-induced arrhythmia during internal jugular venous catheterization: comparison of marked and plain J-wires.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence and risk factors of guidewire-induced arrhythmia (GIA) during internal jugular venous catheterization (IJV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating rooms at a medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  303 ASA physical status I, II, III, and IV patients undergoing elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were cannulated with the central venous catheters placed via the right internal jugular vein after induction of anesthesia. They were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, we used a marked J-wire and inverted up to, but not beyond 20 cm (Group M, n = 127). In the other group, a plain unmarked J-wire was used and inserted at will (Group UM, n = 176). All IJV catheterizations were performed by residents, and the length of J-wire inserted was then measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Types of arrhythmia [eg, premature atrial contraction (PAC) or premature ventricular contraction (PVC)] were interpreted by attending anesthesiologists on lead II ECG. Patients in Group UM had a significantly greater incidence of GIA than those in Group M (28.4% vs. 3.9%; p < .005). However, in both groups, PAC occurred more frequently than PVC. Factors such as the inserted length of guidewire longer than 20 cm, body height less than 170 cm, and female gender were significantly associated with GIA (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limiting the length of the guidewire insertion to less than or equal to 20 cm for right IJV catheterization by using a marked J-wire will reduce the incidence of GIA. We recommend the use of a marked J-wire for IJV catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018880:Atrial Premature Complexes / Q000209:etiology*; D001827:Body Height; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013499:Surface Properties; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000209:etiology*