title: Intraoperative laparoscopic complications. Are we getting better?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess various intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Specifically, the impact of surgical experience and procedure type on complications was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were analyzed by age, sex, surgical indications, procedure performed, procedure length, intraoperative and postoperative complications, incidence and causes for conversion, duration of postoperative ileus, and length of hospital stay. Patients were classified for type of procedure and chronologically into four consecutive groups. Procedures were also categorized into four different groups: GI, total abdominal colectomies; GII, segmental resections; GIII, diverting procedures; GIV, others (abdominoperineal resection, Hartmann's creation or closure, anterior resection, and rectopexy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between August 1991 and October 1995, 167 patients of a mean age of 49.6 (15-88) years underwent laparoscopic colorectal procedures. All procedures were electively performed. Common indications for surgery included inflammatory disease in 70 (42 percent), neoplasia in 56 (33 percent), functional bowel disorders in 30 (18 percent), and other forms of colorectal disorders in 11 (7 percent) patients. The most significant variable affecting intraoperative laparoscopic complication rate was surgical experience measured as the time interval during which surgery was performed (P = 0.02). Total complication rate decreased from 29 percent during the first period to 11 percent by the second period (P < 0.04) and 7 percent during the third period (P < 0.005). Thus, the learning curve appeared to have required more than 50 cases to achieve. Moreover, even after performance of 94 (1991-1993) procedures in GI and GIV, these procedures were associated with higher complication rates than were those procedures in GII and GIII (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical experience and case selection are the most critical variables by which the surgeon can decrease the intraoperative laparoscopic complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale 33309, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agachan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wexner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors