Renal cell carcinoma metastases. Review of unusual clinical metastases, metastatic modes and patterns and comparison between clinical and autopsy metastatic series.
We reviewed all cases of unusual clinical metastases of renal cell carcinoma found in the English literature. The percentages of usual and unusual clinical metastases are compared with data of some large autopsy series. The involvement of various organs is considered and some metastatic modes and patterns are reported. The analysis shows that clinical metastases are obviously underdiagnosed. Correct staging based on careful clinical investigations is paramount for optimal management of metastatic renal cancer.
Pagano
S
S
Department of Urology, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy.
Franzoso
F
F
Ruggeri
P
P
D001344:Autopsy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*