title: Terpene exposure and respiratory effects among sawmill workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate exposure to terpenes in sawmills and to study the acute effects on lung function and the respiratory tract of exposed laborers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationships between personal exposure to sawing fumes, assessed by air sampling, and terpene metabolites in urine were studied. The association between exposure to terpenes and acute effects on lung function was studied for 48 workers. The reactivity to methacholine within the study population was investigated. Variation in acute subjective respiratory symptoms during a workshift was evaluated by interviewing the employees before and after work, following a standardized questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Personal exposure to terpenes in the sawmills was 11-158 mg. m-3. The correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.84) between exposure to alpha-pinene and the concentration of verbenols (metabolites from alpha-pinene) in urine was good. No acute effects on forced vital capacity or forced expiratory volume during 1 s were detected. A decrease in carbon monoxide lung diffusing capacity after a workshift was detected. Workers with > or = 5 years of sawmill employment showed a higher reactivity to methacholine than those with < 5 years. Eye irritation increased during a workday.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personal exposure to monoterpenes during a workshift sometimes exceeds the present Swedish limit value. The results show that verbenols in urine can be used as a biological exposure index of sawing fumes. Exposure in sawmills can cause an acute decrease in diffusing capacity. Workers with < or = 5 years of employment showed increased bronchial reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Stjernberg
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hammarström
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ledin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D013729:Terpenes