title: Management of contaminated bone grafts: an experimental in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested various protocols for bone decontamination after bacterial contact to determine if these treatments altered bone structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Femurs from five Sprague-Dawley rats were sectioned and separated into eight groups. These were contaminated in a broth containing Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, the groups were treated with eight different decontamination regimens. A Scheffe's Grouping test was used to statistically compare the bacterial counts after each treatment protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate and 4% alcohol, Neosporin, cefazolin, and saline solution had little effect on bacterial growth. However, povidone-iodine, autoclaving, and ethyl alcohol with ethanol did significantly decrease the bacterial colony counts from the bone specimens. The autoclave and ethyl alcohol/ethanol induced changes in bony histologic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that povidone-iodine decontaminates bone specimens without altering histologic conditions. Determination of successful grafting of bone treated with this protocol is required before its recommendation for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hooe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001414:Bacitracin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005269:Femur; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009355:Neomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D001414:Bacitracin; D000431:Ethanol; C001816:bacitracin zinc, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B, drug combination; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D009355:Neomycin; D002437:Cefazolin; D011112:Polymyxin B; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D002710:Chlorhexidine