Neuropsychologic late effects in children with malignant brain tumors treated with surgery, radiotherapy and "8 in 1" chemotherapy.
Sixty-eight children with malignant brain tumors were treated with the "8 in 1" chemotherapy protocol from 1986 to 1993 in Finland. The overall 5-year survival rate was 43%. Thirty-one children are still alive and tumor-free, and have been evaluated in the present study. Of these 31 children, 26% had hemi- or tetraplegia, 13% intractable seizures, and 30% attend special schools. The mean full scale (FS) IQ was 85 (range 45-138), 24% had an FSIQ value less than 70, and 36% more than 90. One-half of the survivors were placed in Bloom's group I or II, are able to lead an active life, and have only mild neurologic disabilities. In the other, neurologic late complications accumulated and these children were relegated to Bloom's group III or IV, with major disabilities such as hemiplegia, intractable epilepsy, or mental retardation. The most important prognostic factors were severe perioperative complications, young age at diagnosis, and cranial irradiation.
Ilveskoski
I
I
Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Pihko
H
H
Wiklund
T
T
Lamminranta
S
S
Perkkiö
M
M
Mäkipernaa
A
A
Salmi
T T
TT
Lanning
M
M
Saarinen
U M
UM
D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004519:Education, Special; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant