title: Heating inactivates the enzymatic activity and partially inactivates the allergenic activity of Asp o 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensitization to various flours and flour additives in the baking industry has been known for some time. However, most studies refer to allergens in their native state.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to find out how high temperatures during the baking process influence enzymatic and allergenic activities of the common flour additive alpha-amylase (Asp o 2), a relevant allergen for bakers derived from Aspergillus oryzae.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to assess the allergenicity of Asp o 2 during the baking process, four to 11 correspondingly sensitized bakers were investigated by Enzyme Allergo-Sorbent Test (EAST) with native Asp o 2 and Asp o 2 heated to 80, 90, 95, 99.8 or 200 degrees C. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was assayed in simulated baking processes at the above mentioned temperatures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated temperatures resulted in a gradual loss of IgE antibodies' recognition of Asp o 2 in two commercially available enzyme products. The enzymatic activity decreased more rapidly. Heating the enzyme to 200 degrees C abolished both the enzymatic and the allergenic activity of the enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, alpha-amylase in flour additives partially retains its allergenicity. This finding could be relevant for consumers.
authors.affiliation: Professional Associations' Research Institute for Occupational Medicine (BGFA), Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Czuppon
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D000681:Amylases / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000209:etiology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D000681:Amylases