title: A validation study of an Italian version of the Brief Pain Inventory (Breve Questionario per la Valutazione del Dolore).
abstract: Aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Breve Questionario per la Valutazione del Dolore (BQVD), which is a multidimensional instrument to assess pain intensity and pain interference with daily functions. A group of 110 patients with cancer pain were enrolled in the study and were administered the BQVD and the Therapy Impact Questionnaire (TIQ) which is a valid instrument for quality of life assessment in cancer patients. Cronbach's alphas were computed for the interference and severity scales in assessing reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to ascertain construct validity of the BQVD. Measures of interference and of intensity were calculated a priori from the TIQ result and were used in correlated correlations. Alpha coefficients for the pain severity and the pain interference scale were above 0.75. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a 2-factor solution for the BQVD structure was interpretable and provided adequate fit for the data. The correlation with the TIQ items showed a stronger association between factor 1 (interference) and the interference with affect and activity measure from the TIQ, while factor 2 (severity) was more strongly associated with the TIQ pain severity measure. In comparison with other non-italian samples our results show a lower reliability estimate. Overall the analysis of these data shows that the BQVD is a useful and valid tool in assessing pain and its impact on patients' quality of life which could also help in developing international and cross-cultural studies in cancer pain.
authors.affiliation: Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Division, National Cancer Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy Pain Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Division of Psychological Research, National Cancer Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caraceni
authors.forename: Tito R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mencaglia
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baratella
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Maria Joao
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Forjaz
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Serlin
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Conno
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cleeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome