title: Diagnosis and outcome of isolated rectal tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Segmental colonic tuberculosis commonly involves the ascending, transverse, or sigmoid colon. Rectal involvement in tuberculosis is uncommon and poorly characterized. This study describes the clinical presentation, endoscopic features, and outcome of isolated rectal tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rectal tuberculosis was defined as focal lesions of the rectum in the absence of radiologically demonstrable lesions in the small and large bowel on barium contrast studies. Diagnosis of rectal tuberculosis was based on characteristic endoscopic appearance of lesions, histopathologic features of tuberculosis in biopsy/ resected material, and response to antitubercular therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients with rectal tuberculosis were seen during a four-year period at our hospital. Hematochezia was the most common presenting feature (88 percent), followed by constitutional symptoms (75 percent) and constipation (37 percent). Rectal examination revealed a tight stricture within 10 cm of the anal verge in seven patients. Barium enema showed stricture of variable length, with focal areas of deep mucosal ulceration and increase in presacral space. Proctoscopic findings were tight stricture (7), nodularity with ulceration (6), and multiple aphthous ulcers (1). Granulomatous infiltration was detected in seven of eight patients in biopsy material obtained at endoscopy (6) or surgery (1). Cessation of hematochezia, resolution of constitutional symptoms, and weight gain were seen in all patients following treatment with antitubercular drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that tubercular involvement of rectum, although uncommon, is an important cause of rectal strictures in India. Response to antitubercular chemotherapy is uniformly good, and surgery is seldom required in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vij
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Broor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011351:Proctoscopy; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014385:Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin