title: Comparative efficacy and safety of 3-day azithromycin and 10-day penicillin V treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children.
abstract: The efficacy and safety of a 3-day course of azithromycin oral suspension (10 mg/kg of body weight once daily) were compared with those of penicillin V (50,000 U/kg/day in two divided doses) in children aged 3 to 12 years for the treatment of symptomatic pharyngitis caused by the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). For the 154 evaluable patients, the original infecting strain of GABHS was eliminated at the end of follow-up (34 to 36 days after treatment started) from 67 (85.8%) of 78 penicillin-treated patients and 41 (53.9%) of 76 azithromycin-treated patients (P < 0.0001). Overall clinical success was achieved in 71 (91.0%) of 78 penicillin V-treated patients and 57 (75.0%) of 76 azithromycin-treated patients (P < 0.05). Potential drug-related adverse events were reported for 5.5 and 8.6% of the penicillin V- and azithromycin-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.6). In the present study, a once-daily (10 mg/kg), 3-day oral regimen of azithromycin was as safe as a 10-day course of penicillin but did not represent an effective alternative to penicillin for the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis, even for those children with azithromycin-susceptible strains.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pediatrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pacifico
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scopetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pataracchia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Savignoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiesa
mesh_terms: D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010404:Penicillin V / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013291:Streptococcus
chemical_list: D017963:Azithromycin; D010404:Penicillin V