title: Degenerative changes at the knee and ankle related to malunion of tibial fractures. 15-year follow-up of 88 patients.
abstract: We re-examined clinically and radiologically 88 patients with a fracture of the lower leg at a mean follow-up of 15 years. Forty-three fractures (49%) had healed with malalignment of at least 5 degrees. More arthritis was found in the knee and ankle adjacent to the fracture than in the comparable joints of the uninjured leg. Malaligned fractures showed significantly more degenerative changes. Eighteen patients (20%) had symptoms in the fractured leg. There was a significant correlation between symptoms in the knee and arthritis but not between symptoms and ankle arthritis or malalignment. We conclude that fractures of the lower leg should be managed so that the possibility of angular deformity and thereby late arthritis is minimised.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: van der Schoot
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Den Outer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Obermann
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: van Vugt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*