title: Symptoms at the menopausal and premenopausal years: their relationship with insulin, glucose, cortisol, FSH, prolactin, obesity and attitudes towards sexuality.
abstract: The symptoms of 81 premenopausal and 70 menopausal women were studied to determine the association with obesity, attitudes towards sexuality (ATS), and diverse hormone values: fasting and postprandial glucose (FG, PG) and insulin (FI, PI), cortisol, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The mean age of the women studied was 49.1 years. The frequency of symptoms was 35.4% for depression, 34.3% for nonspecific symptoms of depression (NSSD), 38.6% for empty nest syndrome (ENS), and 42.3% for anxiety. NSSD, ENS, FSH and cortisol levels all possessed higher values at late-menopausal stage. A multiple regression analysis revealed the following results; NSSD was associated to ATS (negative); sleep alterations were correlated to prolactin, FSH, PI/PG, FI/FG and waist/hip ratio; FSH was associated with both a decreased sexual interest and depression. In the study of hormone levels it was found that cortisol, insulin and FI/FG were associated with ATS; PI, cortisol, FI/FG and PI/PG were associated with body mass index (BMI) and FSH; prolactin and FI/FG were associated with age. We concluded that: (1) data indicative of insulin resistance correlated to both depression and sleep alterations; (2) overweight is related to NSSD, sleep alterations, and hormonal changes.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, León Gto, México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Malacara
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: de León
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002979:Climacteric / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011388:Prolactin; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone