title: Ethnic differences in carotid wall thickness. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality have been observed in US adults. However, little data exist on differences in indices of preclinical atherosclerosis such as carotid wall intima-media thickness (IMT) for US non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and blacks. This study was undertaken to determine whether there were ethnic differences in carotid wall IMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal carotid artery (ICA) IMT and common carotid artery (CCA) IMT, indices of atherosclerosis, were assessed with the use of B-mode ultrasound in 1020 nondiabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study, a multicenter study designed to examine the association between insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis. The study included 281 blacks, 329 Hispanics, and 410 non-Hispanic whites aged 40 to 69 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blacks had significantly greater CCA IMT than non-Hispanic whites (865 versus 808 microns); this remained significant after adjustment for major CVD risk factors and insulin sensitivity (864 versus 823 microns). There were no significant differences in ICA IMT between blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Hispanics had significantly lesser CCA IMT than non-Hispanic whites (749 versus 776 microns), and these differences remained significant after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and insulin sensitivity (750 versus 778 microns). There were no significant differences in ICA IMT between non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ethnic differences exist in CCA but not in ICA IMT in nondiabetic subjects. These differences in IMT, which are indicators of atherosclerosis, are a non-invasive measure that is consistent with some of the data on clinical end points. These differences may be associated with the observed differences in CVD morbidity and mortality among major ethnic groups in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA. ralphd@elvis.bgsm.wfu.edu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haffner
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D044383:Black People; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D044465:White People