title: Increase of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rat retina after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to examine the effect of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury on protein tyrosine phosphorylation, the production of angiogenic growth factors, and the activation of signal proteins in tyrosine kinase pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in rats by compression of the optic nerve for 2 hours. The rats were killed, and the retinas were collected at 0, 1, 6, 24, 48, 96, or 168 hours of reperfusion. Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the retina was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Angiogenic growth factors and their receptors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and Flg, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Flk-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B chain and PDGF-beta receptor, and five intracellular signal proteins (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K], phospholipase C gamma [PLC gamma], C-Src, SHC, and mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]) were examined by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein tyrosine phosphorylation increased after ischemia-reperfusion injury, reaching a peak at 48 hours of reperfusion. Increased staining of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in the inner retina were evident on immunohistochemical examination. The amount of bFGF decreased after injury, but the amounts of VEGF and PDGF-B chain increased. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma, SHC, and MAPK was increased at 48 hours of reperfusion, and tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-beta receptor and PI3K was increased at 168 hours of reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat retina leads to activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway, increasing the amounts of angiogenic growth factors. The resultant activation of signal proteins PLC gamma, SHC, MAPK, PI3K, and PDGF-beta receptor may play an important role in ischemia-induced retinal changes such as cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Koroma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Juan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014443:Tyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases