title: Intravenous ketoprofen for pain relief after total hip or knee replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few studies in which ketoprofen, a propionic acid derivate NSAID, has been tested as an intravenous postoperative analgesic. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled work was to study the tolerability and efficacy of intravenous ketoprofen in seventy-six patients undergoing hip or knee total endoprothesis surgery using three different doses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients received either ketoprofen 50 mg, 100 mg or 150 mg, or placebo as an initial intravenous loading, followed by an infusion containing 50 mg, 100 mg or 150 mg or placebo, respectively, over the following eleven and a half hours. The consumption of fentanyl was recorded and the patients assessed their pain intensity on a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) at 0, 2, 4 and 12 hours. Possible side-effects were recorded at the same intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving ketoprofen showed significantly lower total fentanyl consumption and significantly better pain relief at 12 hours was achieved by a 300 mg dose of ketoprofen than by placebo. Side-effects were minimal, with no differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A bolus of ketoprofen following continuous infusion of ketoprofen, coupled with a PCA-system, was an effective and safe approach for the relief of postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Lappi Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kostamovaara
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nuutinen
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Koivuranta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007660:Ketoprofen; D005283:Fentanyl