title: Mechanical properties of the diabetic waxy skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In some diabetic patients, the skin of the hands has a waxy appearance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study subclinical skin stiffening in diabetic patients using a noninvasive, in vivo suction device measuring skin extensibility and elasticity. Skin thickness was also measured by high-resolution ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluations were made on the dorsum of the hands and on the volar aspect of the forearms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In type 1 diabetic patients, the extensibility of skin was decreased while values of thickness and elasticity were increased. These alterations were most prominent on the hands. Similar modifications, although less pronounced, were also found in type 2 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported biomechanical changes indicate the presence of subclinical skin stiffening in many patients with diabetes mellitus. Such noninvasive biometrological evaluations could be used for monitoring, rating and correlating some diabetes-associated disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikkels-Tassoudji
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Letawe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pierard-Franchimont
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pierard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014783:Viscosity