title: Testing the effect of season of birth on familial risk for schizophrenia and related disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An excess of late winter and early spring births in schizophrenia has been repeatedly demonstrated. Previous evidence has suggested that the risk for schizophrenia may differ in relatives of schizophrenic probands born in this high risk period v. at other times of the year.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an epidemiologically based family study conducted in the west of Ireland, we examined the relationship between season of birth in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum probands and the risk for schizophrenia and related disorders in first-degree relatives. Risk was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard method. We examined four birth seasons previously shown to significantly predict risk for schizophrenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the risk for schizophrenia nor that for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in relatives was significantly associated with season of birth in probands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Season of birth does not, in this sample, identify schizophrenic probands with particularly high or low familial vulnerability to illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia/VCU, Richmond 23298-0710, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hettema
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012621:Seasons