title: Interleukin-4 inhibits prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 induction in neonatal mouse parietal bone cultures.
abstract: We have shown previously that prostaglandin (PG) production in 7-day-old neonatal mouse calvarial cultures is regulated largely by changes in prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) expression and to a lesser extent by changes in arachidonic acid (AA) release. In this study, we examined the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4), and its interactions with other cytokines and with parathyroid hormone (PTH), on mRNA levels of PGHS-2, PGHS-1, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and on medium protaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in calvarial cultures. IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), both at 1-100 ng/ml, and PTH at 0.1-10 nM increased PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA and medium PGE2 levels dose-dependently after 4 h of treatment. IL-6 and IL-11 at 1-100 ng/ml did not affect mRNA or PGE2 levels. IL-4 at 1-100 ng/ml decreased PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA and PGE2 levels in control as well as IL-1, TNF-alpha, and PTH-stimulated cultures. The inhibition of PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA expression by IL-4 (10 ng/ml) was present at 1 h, reached a maximum at 4 h, and persisted for 24 h. The effects were maintained in the presence of cycloheximide. IL-4 also decreased PGHS-2 protein levels in control and IL-1-stimulated cultures. PGHS-1 mRNA levels were not stimulated by any of the factors studied nor inhibited by IL-4. IL-4 partially inhibited control and PTH-stimulated 45Ca release from prelabeled mouse calvariae at 4 days. However, neither the inhibition of resorption by IL-4 nor the stimulation by IL-1 and PTH were altered by indomethacin (1 microM). We conclude that (1) IL-1, TNF-alpha, and PTH, but not IL-6 nor IL-11, can increase the expression of PGHS-2, cPLA2, and PGE2 production in cultured mouse calvariae; (2) IL-4 inhibits PGE2 production in both control and stimulated calvarial cultures by inhibiting PGHS-2 and cPLA2; and (3) IL-4 has an inhibitory effect on bone resorption which is independent of PG production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, U.S.A.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Raisz
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Voznesensky
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Alander
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pilbeam
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D015232:Dinoprostone