title: Nasopharyngeal osteosarcoma as second malignant neoplasm in a post-treated unilateral retinoblastoma: report of a case and review of literature.
abstract: A rare case of osteosarcoma primarily originating in the nasopharynx of an 11-year-old Papua New Guinean female who received irradiation and multi-agent chemotherapy for unilateral non-hereditary retinoblasma is described. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed. The complex role of radiation, cytotoxic drugs and genes in the development of a second malignant neoplasm in association with retinoblasma is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua, New Guinea.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Vele
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology