title: Protective effect of the nitrate ester ITF 296 against methacholine-induced myocardial ischemia in the anesthetized rat.
abstract: The activity of ITF 296 against methacholine-induced myocardial ischemia was investigated in anesthetized rats in comparison with the organic nitrates nitroglycerin (NTG) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), the K(+)-channel openers nicorandil and cromakalim, the Ca(2+)-channel blocker amlodipine, and the vasodilator dipyridamole. Given as i.v. boluses, ITF 296 (0.1-100 micrograms/kg) dose-dependently prevented methacholine-induced ST-segment elevation without affecting mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate to a significant extent. In this situation, ITF 296 was 10- to 30-fold more potent than the other coronary vasodilators tested. The protective effect of ITF 296 and ISDN against myocardial ischemia was also observed after oral administration, demonstrating good absorption and a limited first-pass metabolism of the two drugs. The anti-ischemic action of ITF 296 at 1 and 10 micrograms/kg/min was well maintained during 2 h of continuous i.v. infusion, whereas the effect of NTG and ISDN was attenuated or abolished by the end of the infusion. The new nitrate ester ITF 296 has a potent and long-lasting cardioprotective action in the anesthetized rat. The anti-ischemic effect displayed by this compound is probably mediated by an improvement of myocardial blood supply caused by pronounced coronary dilatation, whereas the contribution of systemic vasodilation is not important. Moreover, the maintenance of the anti-ischemic action during continuous i.v. infusion suggests a reduced "tolerance" development for ITF 296 compared with other nitrovasodilators.
authors.affiliation: Italfarmaco Research Center, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cereda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agozzino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bravi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gromo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mascheroni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D048588:Benzoxazines; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D048588:Benzoxazines; D009566:Nitrates; D010078:Oxazines; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; C091726:sinitrodil