title: Relationship of emotional behaviors induced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus to changes in EKG, heart, stomach, adrenal glands, and thymus.
abstract: The relationships of hypothalamically elicited emotional behaviors to their accompanying pathophysiological effects were examined as a model of how complex "emotional behaviors" may be related to fundamental psychosomatic disorders. Twenty-two unanesthetized adult cats were studied. EKG alterations and histological changes in the heart, stomach, adrenal glands, and thymus were related to the specific stereotypical emotional behaviors that could be elicited by hypothalamic stimulation in tamed subjects. Restlessness, threat, and searching-biting behaviors were evoked by electrical stimulation of the anteromedial, ventromedial, and lateral hypothalamus, respectively. The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias, ST and/or T (ST-T) changes in the EKG, histological damage to myocardium, gastric erosion, and adrenal hyperplasia were generally observed in the restlessness and threat groups but not in the searching-biting group. The pathophysiological effects were similar in the restlessness and threat groups with no specific EKG change or organ effect attributable to either site of stimulation. Hypothalamically elicited restlessness or threat behaviors in cats are each associated with cardiac, gastric, and adrenal pathophysiologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogomori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tashiro
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000294:innervation*; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007026:Hypothalamic Area, Lateral / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D007033:Hypothalamus, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000294:innervation*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000294:innervation*; D014697:Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology