title: Intensive care unit stay is prolonged in chronic alcoholic men following tumor resection of the upper digestive tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of chronic alcohol misuse in patients with oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal or esophageal carcinomas exceeds 60%. No data is available, to our knowledge, on the morbidity and mortality of chronic alcoholics in surgical intensive care units (ICU) following tumor resection. We investigated whether the subsequent ICU stay in chronic alcoholics following tumor resection was prolonged and whether the incidence of pneumonia and sepsis was increased.
  
  
  METHODS
  213 patients with carcinomas of the upper digestive tract were evaluated regarding their drinking habits. Chronic alcoholics met either the DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Conventional laboratory markers and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were determined preoperatively. Major intercurrent complications during ICU stay such as an alcohol withdrawal syndrome, pneumonia and sepsis as well as the frequency of death were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients did not differ significantly between groups regarding age or APACHE score on admission to the ICU.121 patients were diagnosed as being chronic alcoholics, 39 as being social drinkers and 61 as being non-alcoholics. In chronic alcoholics the frequency of death was significantly increased. Due to the increased incidence of pneumonia and sepsis the ICU stay was significantly prolonged in chronic alcoholics by approximately 8 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased mortality and morbidity rate demonstrates that chronic alcoholics undergoing major tumor surgery have to be considered as high-risk patients during their postoperative ICU stay. Further studies are required with respect to the immuno-competence of chronic alcoholics and the prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, pneumonia and sepsis in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Free University, Berlin.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brummer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Runkel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rommelspacher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hannemann
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Striebel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaffartzik
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol