title: Effects of lidocaine on pulmonary circulation during hyperoxia and hypoxia in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High concentrations of lidocaine have been found to cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and low concentrations (0.5-0.9 microgram/mL) to cause reversal of nitrous oxide-induced depression of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of high concentrations of lidocaine on pulmonary circulation during hyperoxic and hypoxic ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  With use of cross-circulation consisting of ventilation and constant-flow perfusion of the left lower lobe (LLL) independently of all other lobes of the dog lung under nitrous oxide and halothane anesthesia, lidocaine was infused into the inflow system, so that plasma lidocaine concentrations in the inflow blood were maintained at either 5, 10, 20, 40, 70, or 140 micrograms/mL during ventilation with 50% oxygen or 3% oxygen. Mean arterial and venous pressures in the LLL (PAPLLL and PVPLLL), airway pressure of the LLL, and blood gas in LLL inflow and outflow were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High plasma concentration of lidocaine (140 micrograms/mL) in the LLL inflow produced a significant increase in PAPLLL during hyperoxia, while PAPLLL did not change significantly at the 5-70-micrograms/mL lidocaine concentration. In LLL outflow blood, PO2 increased significantly following a 140 micrograms/mL lidocaine infusion during hyperoxia, while in LLL inflow blood, PO2 did not change. The airway pressure of LLL also did not change. During hypoxia, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction did not occur, and lower plasma concentrations of lidocaine (40-70 micrograms/mL) significantly constricted the lobar vessels. In addition, lidocaine at the 140-micrograms/mL concentration constricted the upstream vessels (presumably the lobar arteries) more strongly than the lobar veins during hypoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extremely high concentrations (140 micrograms/mL) but not low concentrations (5-70 micrograms/mL) of lidocaine produced pulmonary vasoconstriction and reduced shunt. Lower concentrations of lidocaine constricted the hypoxic lobar vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yukioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatekawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimori
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D010477:Perfusion; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008012:Lidocaine; D010100:Oxygen