title: Margins of resection of the esophagus for gastric cancer with esophageal invasion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively examined the rate of infiltration of proximal margins of resection in patients resected for gastric cancer with esophageal invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the 175 proximal margins examined, the incidence was related to the gross appearance, histologic type, size, depth of invasion, shape of the oral edge, length of grossly tumor-free edge and length of histologic esophageal invasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis indicated that undifferentiated adenocarcinoma and length of histologic esophageal invasion are significant risk factors for positive margin. Infiltration occurred in 13.7% (24 cases) of the oral margins of transection. Eight patients were potentially curative other than positive margin and 5 were caused by underestimation of the distance of oral margin. With reference to the length of margin of resection, no involvement was found when the cranial distance between the lesion and the line of transection exceeded 2 cm in patients with orally well-defined type esophageal invasion. In patients with the orally ill-defined type, transection with a distance greater than 4 cm commonly guarantee safety of the proximal margin, except for cases with lymphatic invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide the surgeon with a rational basis for assessing the extent of resection when performing esophagectomy combined with gastrectomy for cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujitani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakeji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaibara
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery