title: Detection of sulfur mustard bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide and metabolites after topical application in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an assay to study the flux of sulfur mustard (HD) through the skin and determine if metabolites are formed due to the epidermal metabolism of HD after topical exposure of the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) to 14C-HD. Four IPPSFs were topically dosed with 2.85 mg of 14C-HD in ethanol. Venous perfusate samples were collected and added to a 34% solution of NaCl and snap-frozen to inhibit the metabolism of HD until time for assay. Perfusate samples were extracted using a solid-phase extraction cartridge with ethyl acetate and then assayed using gas chromatography. Two of the 4 IPPSFs showed detectable levels of HD in the venous perfusate 15 min after dosing, with 1 of these 2 IPPSFs showing detectable levels of HD in the perfusate 2 hours after dosing. All 4 IPPSFS had no more than 3 metabolites of HD appearing in the perfusate throughout the 2 hr experiment, with one of the these metabolites identified as thiodiglycol. These experiments showed that little, if any, HD appears in the venous perfusate intact after percutaneous absorption and that epidermal metabolism of HD does occur to a significant degree in the IPPSF.
authors.affiliation: Cutaneous Pharmacology and Toxicology Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Spoo
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Monteiro-Riviere
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Riviere
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas