title: Functional electrostimulation in poststroke rehabilitation: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in the rehabilitation of hemiparesis in stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis combined the reported randomized controlled trials of FES in stroke, using the effect size method of Glass, and the DerSimonian-Laird Random Effects Method for pooling studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The included studies were published between 1978 and 1992. They were conducted in academic rehabilitation medicine settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all included studies, patients were in poststroke rehabilitation. The mean time after stroke varied from 1.5 to 29.2 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  FES applied to a muscle or associated nerve in a hemiparetic extremity was compared to No FES.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in paretic muscle force of contraction following FES was compared to change without FES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the four included studies, the mean effect size was .63 (95% CI: .29, .98). This result was statistically significant (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pooling from randomized trials supports FES as promoting recovery of muscle strength after stroke. This effect is statistically significant. There is a reasonable likelihood of clinical significance as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glanz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klawansky
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stason
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berkey
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chalmers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic