title: Human papillomavirus in tissue of bladder and bladder carcinoma specimens. A preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the significance of HPV type 6b, 11, 16 and 18 together with type-specific antibodies in the serum of bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of HPV type 6b, 11, 16 and 18 in bladder tumor, normal bladder and urethra together with type-specific antibodies in serum was investigated in 23 patients with bladder cancer and 9 patients with chronic cystitis. HPV DNA analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Open reading frames of HPV were expressed in Escherichia coli as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV 6b was demonstrated in the tumor tissue of 6 patients (19%), and in the nonmalignant specimens of 6 further patients (19%). HPV 16/18 was only found in the urethral swabs of 2 patients (6%). Anti-HPV antibodies were positive in 7 patients (22%). There was no association between the demonstration of HPV 6b and the occurrence of bladder tumor in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though, in this study, HPV was not associated with bladder cancer, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the role of HPV 6b in bladder tissue possibly by a semiquantitative PCR in tissue samples and of anti-HPV antibodies in serum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Köchel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ringert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weidner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001706:Biopsy; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003556:Cystitis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral