title: Abnormal sperm morphology is highly predictive of pregnancy outcome during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of a modified form of Kruger's strict criteria for sperm morphology for pregnancy outcomes after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in the presence of normal sperm concentration and motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 42 couples undergoing COH/IUI was stratified by favorable or unfavorable sperm morphology. End points were pregnancy or failure of treatment as defined by four or more cycles of COH/ IUI without pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An unfavorable morphology (< 4%) was highly predictive of failure during COH-IUI (94.45%; 17/18). A normal PIF was a sensitive indicator of those patients who became pregnant (93.8%; 15/16) and had a fair specificity for failure to achieve pregnancy after four cycles of treatment (65.4%; 17/26). Couples with a favorable sperm morphology were 28.3 times as likely to achieve a pregnancy within four cycles of treatment as those with unfavorable sperm morphology [95% confidence limits, 3.2 to 250.5; P < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal strict morphologic assessment is both sensitive and specific for pregnancy outcomes in couples undergoing COH/IUI. Couples with persistently unfavorable sperm morphology should be counseled appropriately and would be better served by more aggressive treatment with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fertility Hormone Center of Montefiore Medical Center, Dobbs Ferry, New York 10522, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lindheim
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zinger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007317:Insemination, Artificial, Homologous; D008297:Male; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities*