title: Comparison of azathioprine, methotrexate, and the combination of the two in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A forty-eight-week controlled clinical trial with radiologic outcome assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relative efficacy of methotrexate (MTX), azathioprine (AZA), and their combination in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a double-blind, prospective, multicenter, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred nine patients with active RA were treated with escalating doses of MTX (5-15 mg/week), AZA (50-150 mg/day), or combination (5mg MTX/week plus 50 mg AZA/day-7.5 mg MTX/week plus 100 mg AZA/day), with opportunity to increase the dosage at 6-week intervals. The patients were evaluated for significant clinical and laboratory improvement and assessed for radiologic progression at 48 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ten patients remained on the initial, randomly assigned therapeutic regimen. The percentage of patients who were responders, defined as those who had 30% or greater improvement in at least 3 of 4 variables, was 38% for the combination treatment, 26% for AZA, and 45% for MTX (P = 0.06). A trend toward decreased radiologic progression was seen in the MTX-treated patients. Termination of treatment due to adverse experience occurred more frequently with combination and AZA treatments than with MTX treatment. Lack of effectiveness, adverse gastrointestinal effects, and liver enzyme elevation were the most frequent causes of treatment discontinuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study establishes that the combination of MTX and AZA in the dosages utilized is not associated with more toxicity than treatment with single agents; however, enhanced efficacy is also not seen. There is a trend toward decreased radiologic progression in patients treated with MTX.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Willkens
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stablein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wortmann
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001175:Arthrography; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate