title: Thresholds for intestinal hemorrhage in mice exposed to a piezoelectric lithotripter.
abstract: The threshold for hemorrhage in mouse intestine was determined using the fields of a piezoelectric lithotripter. Exposures were controlled by variation of the position of the animal relative to the focus and by variation of the voltage used to charge the lithotripter. The range of peak positive pressure for exposures was approximately 50 MPa to 1 MPa. Each exposure consisted of 200 pulses at a repetition rate of approximately 1 Hz. Depending upon the exposure level, intestinal lesions ranged in size from small petechiae to hemorrhagic regions extending 5 cm or more along the intestine. Threshold for intestinal hemorrhage with this exposure protocol was in the range of 1 to 3 MPa. At threshold, the lithotripter waveform was nearly sinusoidal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound, University of Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalecki
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Raeman
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Child
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Carstensen
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000473:pathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011187:Posture; D011312:Pressure; D011693:Purpura / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology