title: Active p21Ras is sufficient for rescue of NGF-dependent rat sympathetic neurons.
abstract: We have examined whether p21Ras proteins can rescue nerve growth factor-deprived rat sympathetic neurons from death, to test further our hypothesis that p21Ras is a central mediator in the nerve growth factor-to-survival signalling pathway. After crosslinking [125I]nerve growth factor to live neurons, two forms of Trk (molecular weight approximately 140,000 and 115,000) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Trk antibodies. Nerve growth factor induced tyrosine phosphorylation of both Trk forms and at least two additional proteins. When these phosphorylations were prevented by staurosporine (in a protein kinase C-independent manner) the neurons died. However, neurons were rescued from death due to staurosporine treatment by intracellular loading of oncogenic Ha-Ras(val12) protein. Both Ha-Ras(val12) and cellular Ha-Ras proteins maintained survival for several days in the absence of nerve growth factor and mimicked other actions of nerve growth factor, inducing rapid c-Fos protein expression and robust neurite outgrowth. Conversely, Fab fragments of neutralizing antibodies to p21Ras which blocked the capacity of nerve growth factor to promote neuron survival were also found to inhibit the early expression of c-Fos protein in these neurons. The close correspondence observed between the timing of onset of c-Fos responsiveness and acquisition of nerve growth factor-dependence in embryonic day 17 sympathetic neurons, and the coordinate increase found in both parameters until embryonic day 19 indicates that c-Fos protein expression is a good biochemical indicator of the presence of a functional nerve growth factor-to-survival signal transduction pathway. Nevertheless, expression of c-Fos is not sufficient for survival since phorbol esters induce c-Fos with no effect on survival. These data strengthen our proposal that p21Ras proteins are crucial anti-apoptotic mediators of survival in rat sympathetic neurons by demonstrating that p21Ras is both necessary and sufficient to rescue neurons which are disabled from signalling through Trk receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford, U.K.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nobes
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Reppas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tolkovsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000502:physiology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras)