title: Differential production of interleukin 10 during human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Interleukin 10, a product of T and B cells and monocytes, displays many Th2-like properties through inhibition of Th1 cell functions. Interleukin 10 is thought to play a major role in the immune dysfunction seen in HIV-infected individuals. In this study, we evaluated in detail the production of IL-10 during HIV infection. Although the constitutive production of IL-10 did not differ in PBMCs from healthy donors and HIV-infected individuals, IL-10 was differentially produced in response to polyclonal activators. The overall plasma IL-10 levels were similar in 32 controls and 67 patients at different stages of the disease and receiving different antiretroviral drugs. However, patients with low CD4 T cell count (< 200/mm3) secreted approximately three-fold more IL-10 than did patients with high CD4 T cell count (> 500/mm3). Competitive/quantitative PCR revealed similar levels of mRNA expression in PBMCs from controls and HIV-infected individuals. In vitro HIV infection rapidly and transiently induced IL-10 production in PBMCs and monocytes, and the low level of endogenously secreted IL-10 failed to inhibit HIV replication in acutely infected monocytes. On the other hand, HIV infection of selected CD4+ T cell clones generated in a Th1- or Th2-like environment, differentially up-regulated IL-10 production, with significantly higher production by Th2 clones. Together, our data indicate that IL-10 production is more complex than previously thought, and may depend on several factors such as producer cells, nature of the stimuli, as well as viral isolates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chehimi
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chouaib
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zyad
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagashunmugam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chehimi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nissim
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10