title: Morphometrical analysis of retinal hemorrhages in the shaken baby syndrome.
abstract: A morphometrical analysis of retinal hemorrhages was performed in cases of physical child abuse including the shaken baby syndrome and in controls (severe head injury, intravital brain death, non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, SIDS including cardiopulmonary resuscitation). The extent of the retinal hemorrhages was significantly different between both groups. In all cases of physical child abuse, massive retinal hemorrhages in at least one eye could be found ranging between a maximum value of 19.2 and 73.2% of the entire retinal area. In contrast, only two cases of the control group (severe head injury with skull fractures and intracranial bleeding following traffic accident or fall) showed slight hemorrhages of 3.33 or 1.18% of the retinal area but only in one eye. Therefore, the results provide evidence that massive intraretinal hemorrhages indicate violent shaking -- in particular in association with other signs of physical child abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puschel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miltner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lignitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eisenmenger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001497:Battered Child Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*