title: Use of mathematically enhanced spectral analysis and spectral contrast techniques for the liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic detection and identification of pharmaceutical compounds.
abstract: The use of mathematically enhanced ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) absorbance spectral analysis and spectral contrast software techniques in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (MECC) as an aid for the determination of peak homogeneity, identification, and tracking during method development was investigated. Various structurally similar pharmaceutical compounds, and compounds present as either cis/trans isomers, diastereomers, or enantiomers were used as test compounds to probe the limits of this technique. Two tricyclic antidepressants, nortriptyline and imipramine, were employed to study the effects of HPLC mobile phase composition and pH on the ability to identify and track peaks during method development. It was found that method changes altered the spectral matches used for identification, but not enough to cause incorrect peak identification. It was also shown using HPLC that the cis/trans isomers of doxepin and the diastereomers ephedrine and pseudoephedrine could be distinguished. The mathematically enhanced spectral analysis and spectral contrast software techniques were also employed with MECC. Peaks tracking during method development as pH and the concentration of surfactant changes is shown for a separation of various penicillin type antibiotics. It was shown that during chiral MECC (CMECC) analyses ephedrine/pseudoephedrine diastereomers as well as ephedrine enantiomers could be distinguished. The determination of enantiomers is possible in CMECC since enantiomers are eluted as diastereomeric complexes, as opposed to HPLC where they are eluted in their native state.
authors.affiliation: Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010406:Penicillins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D010406:Penicillins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D004809:Ephedrine