title: Investigation of whether on-site general practice counsellors have an impact on psychotropic drug prescribing rates and costs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Counselling services are now widespread within general practice. Although the cost-effectiveness of such services has yet to be fully investigated, benefits could include a reduction in prescribing of psychotropic drugs and of other drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A study set out to determine whether practices with counsellors differed from those without in terms of their prescribing rates and costs of psychotropic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prescribing analyses and cost (PACT) level two data reports for the quarter to November 1991 ending January 1992, as appropriate, were sought from 354 practices with counsellors and a matched sample of 216 practices without counsellors which had participated in a previous national survey of counselling in general practice. The drug groups examined were: hypnotics and anxiolytics; antidepressants; analgesics; all central nervous system drugs; and all drugs apart from central nervous system drugs. For each group of drugs, the numbers of prescribed items, total prescribing costs, and costs per item were expressed as a proportion of the practice's number of prescribing units (that is, the age-adjusted number of registered patients) and as a percentage of the average for similar practices in its family health services authority. Practice characteristics were compared between practices with an on-site counsellor and those without. Practices with and without counsellors were compared with respect to their prescribing indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PACT reports were obtained from 214 practices (response rate 38%)--126 with counsellors and 88 without. Practices with counsellors and practices without counsellors were well matched in terms of location, list size, proportion of elderly patients, training and fundholding status, and number of health promotion clinics. No significant differences were found between practices with and without counsellors in the prescribing indicators for any group of psychotropic drugs examined or for central nervous system drugs as a whole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no appreciable differences found in this study between practices with and without counsellors in terms of psychotropic drug prescribing rates or costs. The reasons for this are unclear; more indepth studies of individual counselling services are required.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Practice and Primary Care, St George's Hospital Medical School, London.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sibbald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Addington-Hall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brenneman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Freeling
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D014852:Wales
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs