title: Treatment-resistant depression in children and adolescents.
abstract: Treatment resistance in depressed children and adolescents cannot yet be defined fully because of the paucity of controlled studies that demonstrate efficacy. Therefore, this article addresses several of the age-specific, developmental considerations that may impinge upon treatment response. Areas covered include familial-genetic, psychosocial, and neuroimaging studies in addition to a review of controlled studies to date.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luby
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Botteron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010553:Personality Development; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012917:Social Adjustment
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents