title: Twenty-eight-day double-blind safety study of an HFA-134a inhalation aerosol system in healthy subjects.
abstract: A 28-day double-blind parallel group study has been conducted to compare the safety and tolerability of HFA-134a, a chlorofluorocarbon-free propellant in a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI A), with a chlorofluorocarbon propellant (MDI C). Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to receive one of the two MDIs, either four inhalations four times per day for 14 days or eight inhalations four times a day for 14 days, and were then crossed over to the alternative exposure regime with the same propellant for the next 14-day period. No clinically significant changes occurred in blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiograms, pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%), haematology or serum chemistry. One subject in the MDI A group had elevated eosinophil counts throughout the study; there were no other remarkable clinical laboratory data. Fifty six adverse events were related to the study propellants; 34 of these occurred in the MDI C group and 22 in the MDI A group. For each adverse event no statistically significant differences were detected between propellant systems or between exposure levels. The most frequent adverse event was headache, which was reported by four subjects with each propellant system. Blood samples for HFA-134a in the MDI A group were collected on day 28 to measure systemic absorption. Blood levels of HFA-134a were detected in all subjects given this propellant within 1 min post-exposure, and these levels decreased to one-tenth of the original value by 18 min after the start of exposure. The safety and tolerability of an HFA-134a chlorofluorocarbon-free system was demonstrated over 28 days of exposure in healthy subjects. These negative results are clinically important because they indicate it will be safe to proceed with the study of this chlorofluorocarbon-free system in asthmatic patients.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics/Drug Metabolism Department, 3M Pharmaceuticals, St Paul MN, USA.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donnell
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wyld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C094049:apaflurane; D005466:Fluorocarbons