Management of the foot and ankle in rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis frequently involves the foot and ankle, resulting in pain, deformity, and difficulty with ambulation. This article outlines clinical, radiographic, and gait evaluation in the management of foot and ankle problems in rheumatoid arthritis. Conservative nonsurgical management of foot deformities is presented including available shoewear and orthotic options. Surgical considerations including indications, biomechanic implications, and specific operative procedures are discussed.
Mann
R A
RA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Horton
G A
GA
D000843:Ankle Joint; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D013640:Tarsal Joints; D014481:United States