title: Quantitative versus qualitative urinalysis for benzoylecgonine in clinical trials for the assessment of cocaine use.
abstract: Urinalysis of benzoylecgonine (BE) concentrations is a primary outcome measure for evaluating medications for treating cocaine addiction. Using simulated BE data from a set of simple clinical models, the advantages of quantitative versus qualitative urinalysis were evaluated, as well as the advantages of once-weekly versus thrice-weekly sampling schedules. A 60 percent reduction in cocaine use, either in daily amount or in weekly frequency, was considered clinically significant. Quantitative urinalysis can detect reductions in both amount and frequency, whereas qualitative urinalysis can detect only a decrease in frequency. For quantitative urinalysis, changes are more easily detected when urine is collected three times a week than when it is collected once a week. For qualitative urinalysis, the majority rule analysis for a thrice-weekly sampling schedule yields an artificially high estimate of the percentage of positive samples, whereas a once-weekly schedule gives a highly variable estimate.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Marschke
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hawks
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine