[Diagnosis and therapy for metastatic liver cancer].
Hepatic metastases occur frequently in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with advanced cancer should be followed carefully after curative resection of the primary lesions for the early detection of the recurrence. If hepatic metastasis is suspected on the basis of rising CEA levels, more sophisticated imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and hepatic angiography should be employed for the diagnosis. However, these tests are not cost-effective and not warranted on a routine follow-up basis. To be more cost-effective, a relatively simple and sensitive test or group of tests should be used. The authors have proposed that the basement membrane producibility of the primary lesion yields the most important information predicting a liver metastasis; the basement membrane producing cancer highly metastasizes to the liver. In contrast, more than 90% of non-producing cancer does not metastasize to the liver. The basement membrane producibility is easily examined by laminin staining. In the treatment of hepatic metastases, hepatic resection is the preferred approach when the metastases are located in a resectable segment or can be encompassed by as many as five wedge resections, but these scenarios are relatively uncommon. For unresectable disease, chemotherapy and intravenous and/or intra-arterial embolization are viable alternatives. Loco-regional treatment may offer a pharmacological advantage since a liver metastasis is almost exclusively fed by the hepatic artery. A pilot study we conducted on hepatic infusion chemotherapy combined with interleukin-2 (IL-2.MF) revealed very encouraging results (response rate: 76%), and further study in a prospective randomized trial confirmed this high response rate. Adjuvant IL-2.MF infusion therapy after curative resection of liver metastases is also effective for the prevention of recurrence in the residual liver. Based on the data, we conclude that multimodal treatments of hepatic resection and loco-regional infusion of immuno-chemotherapy (IL-2.MF) make it possible to control both resectable and unresectable liver metastases.
Okuno
K
K
First Dept. of Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
Koh
K
K
Kubo
R
R
Shindo
K
K
Yasutomi
M
M
D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D004396:Coloring Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil