title: Neutrophil trafficking into inflamed joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and the effects of methylprednisolone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the trafficking of circulating blood neutrophils and synovial fluid neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and the influence of a 1,000-mg intravenous pulse of methylprednisolone succinate (MP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Neutrophils were isolated from the circulation and from the knee synovial compartments of subjects with RA. Circulating neutrophils were labeled with technetium-99 hexametazime (99mTc-HMPAO) and reinjected intravenously. Synovial fluid neutrophils were labeled from indium-111 oxine and reinjected into the knee from which they were isolated. Gamma camera images were obtained at intervals up to 24 hours post MP. Each patient had a baseline study (no MP) and a study in which MP was administered either 4 hours before (2 patients), 10 minutes before (1 patient), or 30 minutes to 1.5 hours after (6 patients) injection of the radiolabeled neutrophils. Subsequent analysis allowed quantitation of the neutrophil uptake into and clearance from the knee as a function of time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients who had not received glucocorticoids in the previous 3 months were studied. MP significantly decreased neutrophil ingress in 13 of the 16 knees studied (almost total inhibition in 5 knees), and this occurred within 1.5 hours of MP administration in all except 1 knee. At 24 hours after MP administration, there was a significant increase in visual analog scale (VAS) scores for well-being and significant decreases in scores on the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (P<0.05), tender joints (P<0.005), VAS for pain (p<0.005), and generalized stiffness (P<0.005), as well as a decrease in the C-reactive protein level (P<0.05). MP had no effect on neutrophil egress (2 patients). Two additional patients who were receiving oral glucocorticoids were studied. One of them was clinically unresponsive to oral prednisolone, and MP had no effect on neutrophil ingress. The other patient showed no neutrophil ingress during the baseline study. This was confirmed by the presence of a noninflammatory synovial fluid at arthrocentesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neutrophil ingress into and egress from inflamed joints can be accurately monitored using radiolabeled neutrophils and quantitative gamma camera imaging. MP rapidly and substantially decreases neutrophil ingress into inflamed joints. In contrast, MP has no effect on neutrophil egress from the joint.
authors.affiliation: Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Evill
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Roberts-Thomson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D015125:Oxyquinoline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; C032950:indium oxine; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015125:Oxyquinoline; D008775:Methylprednisolone