title: Prenatal maternal blood pressure response to stress predicts birth weight and gestational age: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to test the prospective association between prenatal maternal circulatory responses to a standardized psychologic challenge and birth outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relationship between blood pressure responses to a cognitive arithmetic stressor and birth outcome in 40 healthy primigravid women. Pregnant women between 18 and 37 years old were recruited from the University of Kentucky Prenatal Service Clinic for participation. All women performed an interactive arithmetic task while maternal heart rate and blood pressures were determined. Subsequent birth outcome parameters of birth weight and gestational age were obtained for prospective analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates were significantly increased during the arithmetic task (p < or = 0.01). Regression analyses suggested that women with larger diastolic blood pressure responses during stress had infants with lower birth weights (p < 0.01) and decreased gestational age (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This effect was specific to psychologic stress reactivity and was not related to maternal age, maternal race, baseline blood pressures, the trimester of stress testing, nor expired carbon monoxide. The relationship between maternal blood pressure response and birth outcome may reflect the transplacental impact of individual differences in systemic stress responsivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536-0086, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubbin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008433:Mathematics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*