title: Pharmacokinetics, safety, and activity of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children.
abstract: Phase I trials were conducted in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children to examine the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of nevirapine, a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Nevirapine was rapidly absorbed, but the time to peak plasma concentrations increased with higher doses. Clearance was more rapid in chronic dosing studies than predicted by single-dose studies and was more rapid in younger children than in adolescent children. Rash, which occurred in 1 of the 21 study participants, was the single toxicity regarded as nevirapine-related. At doses > or = 240 mg/m2/day, 5 of 10 children experienced durable suppression of plasma p24 antigen to < 50% of baseline values through 8 weeks of nevirapine monotherapy. Viruses resistant to nevirapine were isolated from all children during therapy, but their isolation did not always predict loss of antiviral activity. The evaluation of nevirapine in combination therapy trials is underway in children.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luzuriaga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McSherry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stechenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cort
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019829:Nevirapine; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011725:Pyridines; D019829:Nevirapine