title: Alterations in colonic arterial and venous plasma neuropeptide concentrations in horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure colonic arterial (CA) and colonic venous (CV) plasma neuropeptide concentrations during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  CA and CV plasma samples collected from anesthetized horses during experimentally induced low-flow colonic ischemia and reperfusion were assayed for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP), using radioimmunoassays. In 6 anesthetized horses, colonic ischemia (20% of baseline (BL]) was maintained for 3 hours, then blood flow was restored and monitored for 3 hours. Hemodynamic variables were monitored continuously and recorded at 30-minute intervals. CA resistance was calculated from colonic blood flow (Q(colon)) and mean CA pressure values at each time. Blood was obtained from CA and CV catheters at 0, 1, 2, 3, 3.25, 3.5, 4, 5, and 6 hours; plasma VIP, CGRP, and SP concentrations were quantified, using radioimmunoassays. In 4 additional horses, VIP and CGRP were measured in CA and CV blood at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate was significantly increased at 5.5 and 6 hours; other alterations in systemic hemodynamic variables were not significant. Decrease in Q(colon) during ischemia was significant; Q(colon) rebounded to a value significantly greater than BL value within 5 minutes of reperfusion and was maintained above the BL value during 3 hours of reperfusion. Mean CA pressure was significantly decreased during ischemia, but returned to a value not different from the BL value by 3.25 hours. Mean CV pressure remained unchanged from the BL value during ischemia, but increased to a value significantly greater than the BL value by 3.25 hours and remained increased through 6 hours. CA resistance began to decrease during early ischemia and was significantly less than the BL value by 3.25 hours; it remained less than the BL value through 4 hours. Increase in CV VIP concentration was significant by 0.25 hour of ischemia, but decreased to a value not different from BL value by 3.25 hours. Increase in CV CGRP was significant at 3.25 hours, but this variable returned to a value not different from BL value by 3.5 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CV VIP concentration increases during low-flow colonic ischemia, and CV and CA CGRP and CA SP concentrations increase during early reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-8410, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Charalambous
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006736:Horses; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000097:blood*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015424:Reperfusion; D013373:Substance P / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000097:blood; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide