title: Intrathecal ketorolac tromethamine produces analgesia after chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study compared analgesic efficacy of intrathecally administered ketorolac tromethamine (K) and morphine hydrochloride (M) (in equimolar doses) in the chronic neuropathic pain model, induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were anaesthetized with halothane and an intrathecal catheter was inserted to the mid-lumbar level of the spinal cord. On the 5th post-operative day, rats were anaesthetized with halothane and four ligatures were loosely applied around the right sciatic nerve. Seven days later, those animals were randomly divided into three groups and were injected with either saline, M (20 nmoles) or K (20 nmoles). Two pain responses (foot-withdrawal delay and hind paw elevation time) were measured on both sides using the radiant heat method. Further, thermal ("cold") allodynia was assessed by measuring of the total time of hind paw elevation in animals placed on the cold metal plate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty nmoles of M and K injected intrathecally produced decrease of differential pain score calculated for both measured responses (hind paw withdrawal and hind paw elevation), compared with saline injected animals (P < 0.05). The reduction in pain response produced by K was less (P < 0.05). than the reduction in pain response observed in the animals receiving intrathecal M. Measurement of cold allodynia revealed that the animals in M and K injected groups demonstrated decreases in the total hind paw elevation time, when compared with saline-injected animals (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M and K produced hypoalgesia after intrathecal administration in rats with CCI, with M being more potent than K at an equimolar dose range. The analgesic effect of K was equal to equimolar doses of M for alleviation of cold allodynia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Control Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2125, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Parris
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Janicki
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012584:Sciatic Nerve; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D009020:Morphine; D014046:Tolmetin