title: Dense vitreous hemorrhages predict poor visual and neurological prognosis in infants with shaken baby syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective study was performed to examine the relationship between the severity of vitreous hemorrhages and the severity of neurological injury in infants with shaken baby syndrome, and the result of early vitrectomy in these infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five infants, ages 3 to 8 months, with confirmed child abuse underwent ocular examination and neurological testing to identify varying degrees of vitreoretinal changes and neurological dysfunction. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed on one or both eyes in each infant to remove the vitreous hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three infants with bilateral dense vitreous hemorrhage and multiple subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral contusions had poor postoperative ocular and neurological outcomes including light perception (LP) or no light perception (NLP) vision, large retinal holes or tears, retinal ischemia, and severe encephalopathy. The other two infants presented with bilateral subhyaloid and retinal hemorrhages without dense vitreous involvement, along with mild subarachnoid hemorrhage and minimal neurological findings. Following vitrectomy, visual acuities in these infants improved to or remained at the fix and follow state, and both infants improved neurologically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of dense vitreous hemorrhage in infants with shaken baby syndrome has a poor visual prognosis, due to the frequent concomitant occurrence of significant retinal and visual cortical pathology. In contrast, infants with only intraretinal or subhyaloid hemorrhage tend to have a much better prognosis, with less disruption of both intraocular and intracranial structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D001497:Battered Child Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery