title: Transinguinal laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  About 20% of all undescended testes are nonpalpable. Although surgical exploration was previously the method of choice for management, laparoscopy from the inferior edge of the umbilicus has been established as a useful method of examining a testis that is nonpalpable. However, conventional subumbilical laparoscopy is unnecessary when the testis or its remnant is located below the internal inguinal ring. We evaluated the efficacy of transinguinal laparoscopy after inguinal exploration performed for nonpalpable testis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve children with 14 nonpalpable testes (2 children had bilateral nonpalpable testes) were considered for a novel method of laparoscopy. We performed laparoscopy through the internal inguinal ring after opening the inguinal canal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inguinal exploration revealed the testis or its remnant in 5 patients, and thus prevented unnecessary laparoscopy in these individuals. Transinguinal laparoscopy identified the anatomy in 7 patients. Four of the latter were found to have blind-ending vas deferens and spermatic vessels, while in 3 patients, the testes were located in the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transinguinal laparoscopy may become the accepted method for managing nonpalpable testes, as inguinal exploration can eliminate the need for laparoscopy in some cases, and the visualization achieved with transinguinal laparoscopy is just as good as that with conventional laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mogami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatsura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsugaya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology*; D006119:Groin; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D010173:Palpation; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*