title: Utility of the expiratory capnogram in the assessment of bronchospasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the plateau phase of the expiratory capnogram (dco2/dt) can detect bronchospasm in adult asthma patients in the emergency department and to assess the correlation between dco2/dt and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in spontaneously breathing patients with asthma and in normal, healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a prospective, blinded study in a university hospital ED. Twenty adults (12 women) with acute asthma and 28 normal adult volunteers (15 women) breathed through the sampling probe of an end-tidal CO2 monitor, and the expired CO2 waveform was recorded. The dco2/dt of the plateau (alveolar) phase for five consecutive regular expirations was measured and a mean value calculated for each patient. The best of three PEFRs was determined. The PEFR and dco2/dt were also recorded after treatment of the asthmatic patients with inhaled beta-agonists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD PEFR of the asthmatic subjects was 274 +/- 96 L/minute (57% of the predicted value), whereas that of the normal volunteers was 527 +/- 96 L/minute (103% of the predicted value) (P < .001). The mean dco2/dt of the asthmatic subjects (.26 +/- .06) was significantly steeper than that of the normal volunteers (.13 +/- .06) (P < .001). The dco2/dt was correlated with PEFR (r = .84, P < .001). In 18 asthmatic subjects the pretreatment and posttreatment percent predicted PEFRS were 58% +/- 17% and 74% +/- 17%, respectively (P < .001), whereas the dco2/dt values were .27 +/- .05 and .19 +/- .07, respectively (P < .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dco2/dt is an effort-independent, rapid noninvasive measure that indicates significant bronchospasm in ED adult patients with asthma. The dco2/dt value is correlated with PEFR, an effort-dependent measure of airway obstruction. The change in dco2/dt with inhaled beta-agonists may be useful in monitoring the therapy of acute asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaron
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padyk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutsinpiller
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cairns
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D019296:Capnography; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists