title: Preferential metabolic involvement of visual cortical areas in a subtype of Alzheimer's disease: clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease present with visual disturbances at onset. This study investigated whether specific cortical networks associated with visual processes are preferentially affected in this subgroup and determined the clinical implications of such abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates were assessed with positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and general intellectual functions, memory, and visual skills were measured with cognitive tests in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease-10 with and 22 without prominent visual symptoms-and in 25 healthy comparison subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patient groups showed reduced glucose metabolism in parietal regions and in middle and superior temporal regions in comparison with the healthy subjects. The Alzheimer's disease patients without visual symptoms also showed reductions in inferior temporal, frontal, and limbic structures, as is typical of Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, the patients with visual symptoms had larger metabolic deficits than the patients without visual symptoms in the parietal and occipital cortices (including the primary visual cortex), with a relative sparing of inferior temporal, frontal, and limbic regions. Consistently, the patients with visual symptoms had significantly greater visuospatial deficits and less severe memory impairments than the patients without visual symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alzheimer's disease patients with visuospatial deficits who are studied while alive have a distinctive regional distribution of cerebral metabolic impairment that is related to specific cognitive deficits and that distinguishes them from patients with typical Alzheimer's disease. These findings imply that regional variations in brain dysfunction can occur in Alzheimer's disease, with differential involvement of cortical systems resulting in distinctive clinical subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda MD 20892, USA. pietrini@alw.nih.gov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietrini
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Furey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graff-Radford
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Freo
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dani
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mentis
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schapiro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose