title: Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous fistula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe a case of arteriovenous fistula of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries detected in a fetus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal echocardiography revealed a high-output cardiac failure. Color Doppler ultrasound demonstrated an arteriovenous fistula, localized at the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, which drained in a large venous aneurysm occupying the posterior fossa. The aneurysm caused cerebellar dislocation and temporal lobe hypoplasia. Necropsy after pregnancy termination confirmed the ultrasound findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case demonstrates that malformation of a fetal cerebral artery can lead to brain hypoplasia and thus to severe mental handicap. This possibility needs to be considered in patient counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinelli
mesh_terms: D000025:Abortion, Eugenic; D000328:Adult; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal