title: Measurement of variceal pressure with an endoscopic pressure sensitive gauge: validation and effect of propranolol therapy in chronic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variceal pressure was measured at endoscopy in 98 patients with a non-invasive, pressure-sensitive gauge technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nine patients undergoing sclerotherapy, the values obtained correlated closely with those determined by fine-needle puncture of the varices (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). In 15 patients receiving placebo as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective evaluation of prophylactic treatment with propranolol, variceal pressure did not change significantly over a 1-year period: 16.5 +/- 3.2 mmHg at onset: 16.7 +/- 3.4 after 3 months and 15.9 +/- 3.5 after 12 months. In contrast, propranolol therapy given to 15 patients decreased the pressure from 16.2 +/- 3.0 mmHg before therapy to 13.5 +/- 2.0 after 3 months (p < 0.001) and to 13.1 +/- 4.1 after 12 months (p < 0.05). Patients with a recent bleeding episode had higher pressures than those who had not yet experienced any haemorrhage (19.3 +/- 3.5 mmHg, n = 17 vs 13.9 +/- 3.3, n = 62) (p < 0.001). This was confirmed in a prospective study: the last variceal pressure in bleeders and non-bleeders was respectively 17.2 +/- 1.7 mmHg (n = 4) and 14.8 +/- 4.1 mmHg (n = 26) (p < 0.01). Overall, variceal pressure measurements correlated with the size of varices, the presence of red colour signs and with the North Italian Endoscopic Club score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that the non-invasive pressure gauge Varipress represents a reproducible method to regularly assess variceal pressure, an important parameter related to the risk of bleeding, and to assess the effects of pharmacological therapy with propranolol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver and Pancreas Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nevens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sprengers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fevery
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol