title: Compound A: solubility in saline and olive oil; destruction by blood.
abstract: Compound A is a degradation product of sevoflurane. Knowledge of the solubility of Compound A, CH2F-O-C(=CF2)(CF3), in blood and other solvents would aid in the definition of its kinetics. Accordingly, we determined solvent/gas partition coefficients of Compound A for saline (0.166 +/- 0.002 [mean +/- SD; n = 4]) and olive oil (20.1 +/- 1.1 [n = 4]). Measurement of solubility in blood was confounded by degradation of Compound A in blood and blood components. If a mixture of 99.3% saline and 0.7% oil provides the solubility equivalent to that possessed by blood (as it does for the parent compound, sevoflurane), then blood solubility and solubility in plasma, albumin, red blood cells, or pure hemoglobin is approximately 0.31. The order of Compound A degradation was human plasma = rat blood > whole human blood >5% human serum albumin = washed human red blood cells (hematocrit 50%) = 5% pure hemoglobin. Presuming a solvent/gas partition coefficient of 0.31, respective approximate times for 50% degradation equaled 2.7, 2.8, 4.6, 9.9, 11.0, and 12 min. The accuracy of these approximations was limited by the need to estimate, rather than determine, the solubility of Compound A in such solvents. Pasteurization (heating to 60 degrees C for 12 h) or pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (a compound that reversibly binds to sulfhydryl groups) decreased the degradation rate in plasma. These results suggest that degradation arises, at least in part, from reaction of Compound A with proteins in blood, possibly from covalent reaction of Compound A with protein and/or from an enzymatically mediated reaction. The products of degradation, the binding sites, and the clinical implications of such binding and degradation remain to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0464, USA.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ionescu
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Weiskopf
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001711:Biotransformation; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D004987:Ethers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D010949:Plasma; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004987:Ethers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012997:Solvents; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C078742:fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether; D005033:Ethylmaleimide