title: Evidence for a role of nitric oxide of the central nervous system in morphine abstinence syndrome.
abstract: Two potent inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), namely, NG-nitro-L-arginine (NNA) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA) were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in morphine-dependent mice to investigate their effects on abrupt withdrawal and naltrexone-precipitated abstinence signs. Male Swiss-Webster mice were rendered dependent on morphine by subcutaneous implantation of a morphine pellet containing 75 mg of morphine base. Mice implanted with placebo pellets served as controls. NMMA or NNA administered i.c.v. had minimal effects on body weight loss and hypothermia that occur during abrupt withdrawal of morphine. When administered i.c.v., both NNA or NMMA (0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms/mouse) dose-dependently inhibited naltrexone-induced stereotyped jumping behavior in mice. I.c.v. administration of NMMA also attenuated withdrawal induced fecal pellet formation. This effect, however, was not dose-dependent. In conclusion, these results suggest that brain NO plays an important role in the expression of behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal syndrome. In addition, these results support the idea that NOS inhibitors may be potentially useful in the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Thorat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D019335:Nitroarginine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009271:Naltrexone; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase