title: Effects of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis on facial morphology and temporomandibular joint form and function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twenty-four patients with systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were evaluated to determine its effects on facial morphology and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) form and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were evaluated with medical and dental histories, facial photographs, intraoral examination, TMJ examination, lateral tomograms or panoramic radiographs, cephalograms, and impressions for study models. The craniomandibular index (CMI) was used to quantitate mandibular movement, tenderness, and TMJ noise. Symptoms were measured by symptom severity index (SSI). CMI data from the patients with JRA were compared to a group of 24 children without JRA with similar mean age and sex distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study indicates the facial morphology of patients with systemic onset JRA is similar to that of healthy children except for a mild convex facial profile and backward rotation of the mandible. Changes in facial form were associated with radiographic condylar abnormalities. CMI scores and SSI scores of systemic onset patients were significantly greater than controls, and radiographic condylar changes were noted in 29.2% of the patients with systemic onset JRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that systemic onset JRA significantly affects TMJ form and function. Facial form was only affected in the few patients with significant radiographic condylar changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Cente MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Rotskoff
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000473:pathology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*