title: Crack cocaine: an increase in use among patients attending clinics in São Paulo: 1990-1993.
abstract: Unsubstantiated reports suggest that the availability and use of crack are increasing in São Paulo. To investigate this claim we used the databases from two outpatient clinics for drug users at a public hospital and examined the changes in the reported routes of administration of cocaine among 245 patients who had attended between 1990 and 1993. The proportion reporting crack use increased from 17% in 1990 to 64% in 1993 (p < .01). It does not seem that this increase was simply due to changes in demographic variables. Treatment policies need to be reviewed and HIV harm-reduction programs should focus more on the risks of sexual transmission.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, 3 degrees Andar, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Laranjeira
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Da Silveira
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Formigoni
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine