title: [Spontaneous kidney ruptures--a complication of panarteritis nodosa].
abstract: Besides renal cell carcinomas and angiomyolipomas panarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a common underlying disorder for spontaneous perirenal hematomas (SPH). Herein we report on 3 cases with PAN associated kidney ruptures where diagnosis of PAN was not known before in 2 instances. The hematoma was identified by computerized tomography (CT) in all patients, nevertheless CT failed to reveal the underlying disorder in any case. In this situation angiography was extremely valuable visualizing multiple renal microaneurysms that are typical for PAN. Operative exploration and drainage of the hematoma was necessary in two patients because of hemodynamic instability. In one patient bleeding could be controlled after an immediate immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Due to the high incidence of PAN associated spontaneous perirenal hematomas angiography should be performed in all cases with unclear SPH after CT evaluation. In our opinion an immediate surgical intervention is only indicated in cases with hemodynamic instability. Otherwise a conservative approach including immediate immunosuppression seems justified. Nephrectomy should be avoided whenever possible.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Abteilung, Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brkovic
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Möhring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nöldge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dörsam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kälble
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pomer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Staehler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010488:Polyarteritis Nodosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone