title: The effects of peer ridicule on depression and self-image among adolescent females with Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to examine the effects of body image, height dissatisfaction, and peer ridicule on depression and self-image among adolescent females with Turner syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, cross-sectional survey examined 59 subjects' responses to standardized measures of depression, self-image, body image, height perception, and teasing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Descriptive statistics found the mean age of subjects to be 14.8 years (range: 13-19). Approximately 30% reported cardiac defects and 17% indicated kidney anomalies. Only five experienced spontaneous menses and 61% indicated they were receiving estrogen replacement therapy. Linear regression analyses examined the effects of body image, height perceptions, and peer ridicule on depression and self-image scores. The first regression analysis found a five-step model to account for 39% of the variance, with peer ridicule of general appearance being the most important variable. The second linear regression (R2 = .3248, P < .0004) also found peer teasing of general appearance to be significantly associated with self-image scores. Discrepancy scores between ideal versus current body shape or height, as well as teasing about these issues, appeared to be unrelated to depression and self-image among our subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that peer ridicule is a domain that requires ongoing assessment by health care providers, as it appears to be an important contributor to mental health problems. Social skill interventions that emphasize strategies to manage teasing, assertively respond to negative statements, and teach effective coping skills are key variables to minimize the emotional discomfort these young women may experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA.
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Rickert
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hassed
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hendon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunniff
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016014:Linear Models; D010379:Peer Group; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*