title: Estimation of the time course of slow-wave sleep over the night in depressed patients: effects of clomipramine and clinical response.
abstract: The distribution of slow-wave activity during sleep has been analyzed using a method related to the two-process model of sleep regulation. This method is applied to the analyses of data collected from 21 inpatients with unipolar depression who received the antidepressant clomipramine (CMI) in a pulse-loading protocol. CMI infusion was found to redistribute slow-wave activity, producing more concentration in the early part of the night, and also significantly reduced the fluctuation in slow-wave power as a function of time. These measures also distinguished clinical responders from the nonresponders. Drug responders had a significant redistribution of slow-wave activity to the earlier part of the night as compared to nonresponders. This suggests that measures of the distribution of slow-wave activity over the night may represent a good measure of clinical response to antidepressant therapy and have implications for the interpretation of the two-process model and sleep in depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Havstad
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D010555:Personality Inventory; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000187:drug effects*; D011379:Prognosis; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D002997:Clomipramine