title: Intravenous ketorolac vs diclofenac for analgesia after maxillofacial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), ketorolac and diclofenac in prevention of pain after maxillofacial surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA I-II patients (30 in each group) received randomly, and double blindly either ketorolac 0.4 mg.kg-1 or diclofenac 1.0 mg.kg-1 iv after general anaesthesia induction, before surgical incision. In the ketorolac group, the same dose was repeated iv three times at six hour intervals. The diclofenac group patients received diclofenac 1.0 mg.kg-1 after 12 hr iv. Rescue analgesic medication consisting of oxycodone 0.03 mg.kg-1 iv, was administered by a patient controlled analgesia apparatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients in the ketorolac and three patients in the diclofenac group did not need oxycodone during the study period. On average, 12 and 11 doses of oxycodone were needed in the ketorolac and the diclofenac groups, respectively (NS). Side-effects were similar in both groups. All patients except one were satisfied with the pain therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parenteral ketorolac (0.4 mg.kg-1 four times in 24 hr) and diclofenac (1 mg.kg-1 twice in 24 hr) were similar, but insufficient alone, for analgesia after maxillofacial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tarkkila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D020910:Ketorolac; D008297:Male; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; D010098:Oxycodone; D014046:Tolmetin; D020910:Ketorolac