title: One hundred consecutive cystoscopic examinations in children: indications and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the place and value of cystoscopy in paediatric bladder dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of files of 100 children who underwent cystoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 6 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, cystoscopy was done for the diagnosis of secondary uropathy. In patients with uropathy, of the neonatal group of 6 patients 2 were seen for evaluation of disorders of sexual differentiation and 4 were seen for further diagnosis of neonatal hydronephrosis. In 21 children cystoscopy was part of the diagnostic and/or therapeutic workup for severe urinary-tract infection and in 5 patients for other uropathies. Sixty-two patients with non-neurogenic, non-uropathic bladder dysfunction were selected to undergo cystoscopy on the urodynamic findings. In boys, 36 had an obstruction and 12 had normal cystoscopy. In girls, 4 had an obstruction and 10 had a minimal meatal deformity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with neurogenic dysfunction, cystoscopy is only indicated in diagnosis and therapy of secondary uropathies. Cystoscopy is part of the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in uropathy. In non-neurogenic, non-uropathic dysfunction urodynamic study allows the selection of patients who have minimal anatomic deformities that provoke the bladder dysfunction and for whom cystoscopy is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Laecke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Walle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology