title: Substance P modulates human immunodeficiency virus replication in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: Substance P (SP), a member of the tachykinin family of neuropeptides, is an important immunomodulator of lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage function. We have examined the effects of SP on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro. Human monocytes isolated by Ficoll gradient followed by adherence were maintained in vitro for 10 days and infected with HIV-1. The addition of SP resulted in a 2- to 8-fold-enhanced HIV-1 expression in the MDMs isolated from 7 of 13 healthy donors as determined by reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and p24 protein expression assays, as compared to control cultures incubated with HIV-1 alone. There was no correlation observed, however, between SP-stimulated TNF production and HIV-1 expression in MDMs obtained from a subset of these donors. These effects of SP on HIV-1 expression in MDMs in vitro may have in vivo implications relevant to modulation of monocyte/macrophage functions, to HIV-1 infection of monocytes/macrophages, and to the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cnaan
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013373:Substance P