title: Use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer--a local experience.
abstract: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) are two new modalities added to improve our ability to diagnose prostate cancer at an early stage. We reviewed our own experience of 100 cancers among 579 men from August 1991 to October1994. The detection rate was 17.3%. Digital rectal examination (DRE) alone had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 39.9%. The PPV for PSA was 23%. The combination of PSA and DRE gave a PPV of 47.2%. TRUS had a PPV of 30.6%. Features of cancer on TRUS may be both hypoechoic or hyperechoic nodules which appeared to have almost equal proportions associated with cancer. The addition of age-specific ranges did not affect the PPV of PSA. The PPV of the combination of TRUS and DRE was 53%. With all 3 modalities combined, the PPV was 58.8%. An interesting finding from the study was the higher average PSA for benign and malignant disease in the local population and cases of acute retention of urine. There was a higher incidence of prostatitis and lower incidence of cancer in cases with retention of urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rekhraj
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thng
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yo
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Poh
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Foo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen