title: Type II to type I transformation of chronically stimulated goat latissimus dorsi muscle: a histoenzymological, biochemical, bioenergetic, and functional study.
abstract: Five goat latissimus dorsi muscles (LDM) were submitted to a progressive chronic electrostimulation program to reach an integrated understanding of the fast-to-slow transformation process in large mammals. LDM were regularly sampled and followed during a period of 8 months. Each sample was simultaneously assessed for histoenzymological study, myosin and LDH isoforms and bioenergetic capacities [NADH dehydrogenase cytochrome c oxidoreductase (NADH Cyt c OR), succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome c oxidoreductase (Succ Cyt c OR), cytochrome c oxidase (Cyt c Ox) and LDH]. Such muscles were also tested with and without completion of II to I transformation for their mechanical properties in isometric and isotonic strain gauge testing. The conversion of fast-to-slow myosin monitored by heavy chain (HC I) and light chain slow component (LC2s) began a few days after stimulation and was almost 100% after 100 days. The H-LDH isoforms evolved similarly but did not reach 100% conversion after 200 days. The activity of respiratory chain oxidases increased within 36 h but to a variable extent and peaked after 32 days, corresponding to a 75% transformation of myosin compared to initial levels. NADH Cyt c OR, Succ Cyt c OR, and Cyt c Ox, respectively increased 10-, 5- and 5-fold. These activities then significantly decreased before the completion of the myofibrillar transformation and reached a plateau with stable activities that remained 2- to 3-fold higher than the unstimulated LDM. LDH activity sharply decreased until day 62 (5-fold) and then plateaued. Functionally, muscle showed a reduced speed of contraction and moderate reduction in power output but had become fatigue-resistant. This study documents the transformation process in large mammals and suggests the dynamic relation between workload, aerobic-anaerobic metabolism and the contractile myofibrillar system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Radermecker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Focant
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hautecler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huriaux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duyckerts
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaussende
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reznik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Limet
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Sluse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000201:enzymology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010088:Oxidoreductases; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009218:Myosins