title: Enzyme-linked immunoassay for midkine, and its application to evaluation of midkine levels in developing mouse brain and sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinomas.
abstract: Midkine (MK) is a growth factor that promotes neurite outgrowth and survival of neurons, and enhances the plasminogen activator in endothelial cells. A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for MK was developed, involving affinity-purified anti-MK antibodies, their biotinylated form, and avidin-beta-galactosidase. The amount of bound avidin-beta-galactosidase was determined using a fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside. This method allowed the detection of human and mouse MK in the range of 50 pg-10 ng. Pleiotrophin, which is related to MK in its amino acid sequence, did not show any cross reactivity. Employing this method, the MK levels in the developing mouse brain were determined. The MK level was 2 micrograms/g of wet tissue on the 12th day of gestation, and then steadily decreased during embryogenesis and postnatal development to 30 ng/g two months after birth. The assay method can also be applied to serum samples. Although the MK levels in the sera of normal human subjects were low or undetectable, 0.6-8 ng/ml of MK was detected in samples in the majority of cases of hepatocellular carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadomatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines; D005260:Female; D005696:Galactosidases; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D000078792:Midkine
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine; D001710:Biotin; D005696:Galactosidases