title: DSM-III-R classification of psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: DSM-III-R criteria applied in the evaluation of 88 systemic lupus erythematosus patients revealed a point prevalence rate of 18.2% for psychiatric disorders, the most common diagnosis being adjustment disorder (11.4%). No patients had disorders compatible with a functional psychosis. Psychiatric morbidity was not associated with increased disease activity, corticosteroid use, brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, or electroencephalogram abnormalities. High scores on a life event scale were associated with psychiatric disorders, suggesting that psychosocial stress is etiologically important. Cognitive testing showed that poor performance on the Stroop Colour-Word Inference Test was associated with psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Halland
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Spangenberg
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Whitelaw
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rickman
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hewlett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Maritz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Emsley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests