title: The effect of Danquah Communication System (DanCS) boards on maladaptive behaviours among individuals with severe intellectual impairment and non-verbal communication skills.
abstract: There is evidence that some individuals with severe intellectual impairment who are non-verbal may, out of frustration, display such inappropriate behaviour as aggression and self-injury as a means of communicating their needs to caregivers. The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive augmented communication device and to teach individuals with multiple impairment to use this method to communicate their needs in order to reduce their aggressive behaviours. The Dan Communication System (DanCS) symbol boards were therefore designed with computerized voice interface to help the individuals communicate to caregivers by means of audio and visual signs. A working DanCS board has been successfully developed and can now be mass produced by a manufacturer. The DanCS board is illustrated and described. A measurement device called the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) that focused on three target behaviours; pressing of symbols, control of aggression, and social interaction with caregivers, was used to evaluate progress in the participating subjects (N = 30). Results showed that the multiply impaired individuals in the study significantly improved in all the targeted behaviours through the use of the DanCS. Details of the study are reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Danquah
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mate-Kole
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zehr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface