title: Cytokine production by lymph node cells from mice infested with Ixodes ricinus ticks and the effect of tick salivary gland extracts on IL-2 production.
abstract: In BALB/c mice repeatedly infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks, lymphocytes from axillary and brachial lymph nodes which drain the tick attachment site produced significant levels of IL-2, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF when stimulated in vitro with Con A or anti-CD3 antibodies. Cytokine production by cells from lymph nodes of the opposite flank was equivalent to that of cells from uninfested mice. Nine days after the first infestation and IL-2, GM-CSF were produced primarily by the CD4+ T cells, while some other cell types contributed also to the TNF-alpha production. In mice repeatedly infested, a gradual increase of lymph node cell production of IL-2 was observed. The IL-2 levels regularly increased from the first to the third infestation compared to TNF-alpha levels which gradually decreased. The in vitro production of GM-CSF was not affected by successive infestations. Spleen lymphocytes from naive mice produced higher levels of IL-2 than lymphocytes from axillary and brachial lymph nodes. Both tick salivary gland extracts and D-mannose inhibited IL-2 production by these lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Neuchátel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ganapamo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rutti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brossard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018884:Ixodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008358:Mannose / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008358:Mannose