title: Cross-resistance to Bacillus sphaericus strains in Culex quinquefasciatus.
abstract: Laboratory and field-collected strains of Culex quinquefasciatus that were selected with Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 in the laboratory for about 100 generations and attained 37- and 31-fold resistance, respectively, did not show marked cross-resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis; only 2-3-fold tolerance was noted. However, they showed significant levels of cross-resistance to strains 1593 (6-22-fold) and 2297 (4-12-fold) of B. sphaericus. Possible mechanisms and management implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodcharoen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mulla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D003465:Culex / Q000502:physiology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010572:Pest Control, Biological
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D007306:Insecticides; C046134:binB protein, Bacillus sphaericus; C057949:toxin 1593 (Bacillus sphaericus)