title: High-sodium crystalloid solution for treatment of hypernatremia in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig.
abstract: An 11-month-old female Vietnamese pot-bellied pig was examined for severe dehydration and neurologic signs including disorientation, ataxia, blindness, and involuntary twitching of the muscles of the neck and head. Biochemical analyses of serum revealed hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperalbuminemia, and high activities of aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase. A diagnosis of salt toxicosis/water deprivation was made. Medical management consisted of intravenous administration of a high-sodium crystalloid solution, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other supportive care. Sodium concentration of fluids administered intravenously was adjusted to be slightly less than the pig's serum sodium concentration so that the serum sodium concentration was reduced gradually over 48 hours. Resolution of clinical signs was rapid and the pig was discharged after 8 days of hospitalization. Fourteen days after the initial examination, the pig appeared healthy except for visual deficits. Historically, prognosis with conventional treatment of salt toxicosis/water deprivation is poor; however, this alternative approach to treating this condition appears promising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4475, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mealey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D003681:Dehydration / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014868:Water Deprivation
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003907:Dexamethasone; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide