title: Seven-year trends in plasma low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol in young adults: the CARDIA Study.
abstract: To identify determinants of recent secular trends in lipids and characterize their influence on age-related increases in LDL-cholesterol, we examined a cohort of black and white men and women aged 18-30 in 1985-1986. Secular trends were determined by comparing participants aged 25-30 at baseline with those aged 25-30 at year 7 (2788 and 1395 participants, respectively). LDL-cholesterol was lower among those 25-30 at year 7 (5.9 to 10.2 mg/dL, depending on race-sex group; P < 0.001); weight was higher (8.3 to 12.5 lb; P < 0.001); Keys score was lower (-4.2 to -7.3 units; P < 0.001); and use of oral contraceptives was greater (white women only, P < 0.01). Among 4086 participants followed for 7 years, LDL-cholesterol changed little or decreased, despite substantial weight increases in all groups (11.6 to 19.0 lb; P < 0.001). Keys scores decreased by 6.1 to 8.0 units, and use of oral contraceptives decreased (P < 0.001). Declining secular trends in LDL-cholesterol occurred despite upward trends in weight; the decline was associated with lower dietary fat and cholesterol and offset expected age-related increases in LDL-cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7934, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bild
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hilner
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hulley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D015988:Cohort Effect; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol