title: New potent antihyperglycemic agents in db/db mice: synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of (4-substituted benzyl) (trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles and -pyrazolones.
abstract: The synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, and antidiabetic characterization of 1,2-dihydro-4-[[4-(methylthio)phenyl]methyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3H- pyrazol-3-one (as the hydroxy tautomer; WAY-123783, 4) are described. Substitution of 4-methylthio, methylsulfinyl, or ethyl to a benzyl group at C4, in combination with trifluoromethyl at C5 of pyrazol-3-one, generated potent antihyperglycemic agents in obese, diabetic db/db mice (16-30% reduction in plasma glucose at 2 mg/kg). The antihyperglycemic effect was associated with a robust glucosuria (> 8 g/dL) observed in nondiabetic mice. Chemical trapping of four of the seven possible tautomeric forms of the heterocycle by mono- and dialkylation at the acidic hydrogens provided several additional potent analogs (39-43% reduction at 5 mg/kg) of the lead 4 as well as a dialkylated pair of regioisomers that showed separation of the associated glucosuric effect produced by all of the active analogs in normal mice. Further pharmacological characterization of the lead WAY-123783 (ED50 = 9.85 mg/kg, po in db/db mice), in oral and subcutaneous glucose tolerance tests, indicated that unlike the renal and intestinal glucose absorption inhibitor phlorizin, pyrazolone 4 does not effectively block intestinal glucose absorption. SAR and additional pharmacological data reported herein suggest that WAY-123783 represents a new class of potent antihyperglycemic agents which correct hyperglycemia by selective inhibition of renal tubular glucose reabsorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kees
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mattes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mihan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mondoro
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McCaleb
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006029:Glycosuria; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; C495675:Slc5a1 protein, mouse; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; C101725:WAY 123783