title: A potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth that predominates in the extracellular matrix of reactive astrocytes.
abstract: In a model of astrogliosis in vitro, cultured cortical astrocytes were triggered into a functionally reactive state by an immobilized fragment of the beta-amyloid peptide. Induced astrocytes produced an extracellular matrix that inhibited the outgrowth of embryonic CNS axons. Within the extracellular matrix deposited by reactive astrocytes, we found an overall increase in the deposition of chondroitin sulphate that accounted for the inhibition. Specifically, we have detected an increased biosynthesis of a small chondroitin/heparan sulphate proteoglycan that is a potent inhibitor of axon outgrowth. We further suggest that this proteoglycan, or related molecules yet to be discovered, may play a role in gliosis-mediated regenerative failure of CNS axons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Canning
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Höke
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Malemud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silver
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D005911:Gliosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011509:Proteoglycans; D013431:Sulfates