title: The PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line expresses the prodynorphin gene and secretes the 8 kDa dynorphin product.
abstract: Most adrenal chromaffin cells synthesize opioids derived from proenkephalin but not from prodynorphin. However, human pheochromocytomas and the PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line synthesize dynorphins. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of the authentic prodynorphin transcript and its dynorphin product in PC12 cells. We have found that the sequence of a 458 bp cDNA fragment derived from RT-PCR amplification of total PC12 RNA was in complete accordance with the published sequence of the equivalent region of the prodynorphin gene. It encodes the potent endogenous kappa opioid agonists alpha-neo-endorphin, dynorphin A and dynorphin B. Furthermore, immunoaffinity-purified PC12 cell extracts were subjected to RP-HPLC. Most of its IR-dynorphin eluted on a peak exhibiting the retention time of similarly treated rat anterior pituitary. The expression of the prodynorphin gene in pheochromocytomas can be explained as either the result of (a) the process of dedifferentiation of chromaffin cells to pheochromocytoma which may thus cause the expression of a previously unexpressed prodynorphin or that (b) those pheochromocytomas expressing the prodynorphin gene derive from the few, centrally located chromaffin cells, which express this gene even under normal conditions.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Saviolakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gravanis
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Margioris
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004723:Endorphins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000737:chemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017421:Sequence Analysis
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D004745:Enkephalins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C025681:alpha-neoendorphin; D004399:Dynorphins; C036200:rimorphin; C033660:preproenkephalin