title: Fourteen-day toxicity study of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in Fischer 344 rats.
abstract: Toxic effects of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) in male and female rats were evaluated by feeding powdered certified laboratory chow diet supplemented with varied concentrations of TNB (0, 50, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg kg-1 diet) for 14 days. Food intake by female rats in 400, 800 and 1200 mg TNB diet groups was reduced and resulted in a significant decrease in absolute body weights (BW). Food and water consumption by male rats in high-dose groups (800 and 1200 mg TNB kg-1 diet) was also reduced and resulted in a significant decrease in body weight. The calculated average TNB intake (from 1200 mg TNB kg-1 diet) was 92 mg kg-1 BW day-1 for male rats and 80 mg kg-1 BW day-1 for females. A decrease in testicular weight in males and an increase in spleen weight of both sexes in high-dose groups was noted. In addition, histopathological examinations revealed that the susceptible organs for TNB toxicity were kidney (hyaline droplets), spleen (extramedullary hematopoiesis), brain (hemorrhage, malacia and gliosis) and testes (seminiferous tubular degeneration). Hematology and clinical chemistry studies indicated a decrease in red blood cell count and hematocrit, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, an increase in Heinz bodies and increased methemoglobin concentration as compared to controls in both sexes. A lowest observed adverse effect level of 4.41 mg TNB kg-1 BW day-1 was established based on the findings of this study.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiechman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Torsella
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014301:Trinitrobenzenes; C029222:sym-trinitrobenzene