title: Schooling, employment, and idleness in young adults with serious physical health conditions: effects of age, disability status, and parental education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Education, employment, and "idleness" in young adults with ongoing physical health conditions were examined in relation to parents' education and respondent's age and co-existing disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews were conducted with 421 individuals aged 20-24 years randomly drawn from public health programs in two midwestern states. In addition to a chronic health condition, 18% of the sample also had mental retardation, 21% also had a physical disability (but no retardation), and 11% also had a learning disability (but no mental retardation or physical disability). Youth were considered "idle" if they were not in school, not employed, not married, and had no children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven percent of the sample were enrolled in an educational program, and 48% were employed either part-time or full-time. Seventeen percent were both in school and employed, 50% were in school or employed, and 33% were neither in school nor working. Overall, 23% of the sample were idle. Youth with mental retardation were two to three times more likely to be in school compared to youth with a chronic physical condition alone. Youth with mental retardation and physical disabilities were less likely to be employed and more likely to be idle compared to youth with only a chronic condition. Parental education affected rates of schooling and employment. Compared to a general population sample of youth in the same states, youth with ongoing health problems were at higher risk for idleness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Youth with chronic health conditions and either mental retardation or physical disabilities are at higher risk for idleness compared to youth with a chronic condition alone or to youth in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ireys
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Salkever
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kolodner
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bijur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*