title: Continuous labor support from labor attendant for primiparous women: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the available literature on the effects of continuous labor support among primiparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a Medline search using the keywords "labor support," "doula," and "monitrice." Papers published in English from 1965 to May 1995 were eligible for this review. We also cross-checked all the references in the selected reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified seven randomized clinical trials published during that period; four of these were eligible for our meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of four studies conducted among young, low-income, primiparous women who gave birth on a busy labor floor in the absence of a companion suggested that continuous labor support by a labor attendant shortens the duration of labor by 2.8 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-3.4), doubles spontaneous vaginal birth (relative risk [RR] 2.01, 95% CI 1.5-2.7) and halves the frequency of oxytocin use (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.4-0.7), forceps use (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.3-0.7), and cesarean delivery rate (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.4-0.7). Women with labor support also reported higher satisfaction and a better postpartum course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Labor support may have important positive effects on obstetric outcomes among young, disadvantaged women. Further studies on benefit relative to cost are needed before a broad-scale program is advocated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bernasko
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leybovich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahs
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hatch
mesh_terms: D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D010298:Parity; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012944:Social Support; D013997:Time Factors