title: V3 seroreactivity and sequence variation: tracking the emergence of V3 genotypic variation in HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between V3-specific immune responses and viral quasispecies evolution in 10 HIV-1-seropositive patients enrolled in a phase I trial of recombinant gp160.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serologic responses to the HIVLAI V3 loop and autologous V3 loop DNA sequences were sequentially determined over a 3-4-year interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients either seroconverted or had a > or = 42-fold boost in titer to the V3 reagent associated with an average of 3.2 amino-acid changes in their autologous V3 loops. Four patients with < or = 11-fold change in titer to the V3 loop showed an average of 0.75 amino-acid changes. Attempts to measure autologous V3 loop responses in four patients using a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique did not show a distinct binding preference for autologous versus heterologous V3 loop peptides. Thus, we interpret seroreactivity to the heterologous HIVLAI V3 loop to reflect the broadness of the V3 immune response rather than a direct measure of epitope-specific immune pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the broadness of serologic responses to viral epitopes are reflected in the rate of evolution of their cognate coding sequences and support the view that the immune response to HIV-1 results in the continuous selection of new viral variants during the course of disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Loomis-Price
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: VanCott
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Redfield
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Birx
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D058619:Maltose-Binding Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D058619:Maltose-Binding Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins