title: The genotypic distribution of shared-epitope DRB1 alleles suggests a recessive mode of inheritance of the rheumatoid arthritis disease-susceptibility gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the genotypic distribution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated DRB1 alleles suggests that the DRB1-associated disease-susceptibility gene has a recessive or additive (dominant) mode of inheritance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caucasian patients with RA and control subjects were recruited from a faculty outpatient practice. DRB1 typing was done by several DNA-based techniques: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by dot-blot hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides, conventional and PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), and a multiplex amplification-refractory mutation RFLP system. The genotypic distribution of shared-epitope DRB1 alleles was analyzed by antigen genotype frequency among patients. The analytical method postulates a linkage-disequilibrium model with a disease locus close to a marker locus and a marker allele in linkage disequilibrium with the disease-susceptibility allele. In this instance, the marker allele was defined alternatively by any DR4-group allele, by any DR4-group or DR1-group allele, by any DR4-group shared-epitope allele, by any DR4-group shared-epitope allele plus DRB1*0101, or by any shared-epitope DRB1 allele. Observed numbers were compared with those predicted for recessive mode or additive (dominant) mode of inheritance of the DRB1-associated RA disease-susceptibility gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotypic distribution of shared-epitope DRB1 alleles (DRB1*0401, *0404, *0405, *0408, *0101, *0102, or *1001) fit that predicted for a recessive mode of inheritance and was significantly different from that predicted for an additive (dominant) mode. When the analysis was restricted to shared-epitope DR4 alleles alone (DRB1*0401, *0404, *0405, or *0408), the observed genotype numbers fit the recessive mode best. When DR1-group alleles were added to DR4-group alleles, or alternatively, when the major shared-epitope DR1 allele (*0101) was added to DR4-group shared-epitope alleles, there was a less significant deviation from the additive mode of inheritance. The reason for this was derived by comparison of observed genotype frequencies to those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; there was a deficit of persons with DRB1*0401, *0101 and an excess of *0101,X.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genotypic distribution of shared-epitope DRB1 marker alleles suggests that the mode of inheritance of the DRB1-associated disease susceptibility gene must be recessive and not additive (dominant).
authors.affiliation: Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moxley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C553505:HLA-DRB1*04:01 antigen