title: Clinical features and therapeutic management of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical features and optimal treatment of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in patients with-Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of 43 patients with SGS and treatment of 20 patients with intratracheal dilation-glucocorticoid injection therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SGS developed in 43 of 189 patients with WG who were followed up at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. The diagnosis of SGS occurred in the absence of other features of active. WG in 21 of 43 patients (49%). In 21 patients (49%), SGS began while the patient was receiving systemic immunosuppressive therapy for disease activity involving other sites. Tracheostomy was required in 10 of 18 patients (56%) who were treated with systemic immunosuppressive therapy. In 20 patients treated with intratracheal therapy, none required tracheostomy and 6 with previous tracheostomies were decannulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGS often occurs independently of other features of active WG and is frequently unresponsive to systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Intratracheal dilation-injection therapy provides a safe and effective treatment for WG-associated SGS and, in the absence of major organ disease activity, should be used without concomitant systemic immunosuppressive agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sneller
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hallahan
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Talar-Williams
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lebovics
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004106:Dilatation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014139:Tracheostomy
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids