title: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: relationship between joint hypermobility, urinary incontinence, and pelvic floor prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence of joint hypermobility and prolapse in incontinent and continent women with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with EDS were evaluated by history and physical examination. The degree of joint mobility of shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle was evaluated by orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists. Joint range of motion measurements were obtained using an orthopedic goniometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two EDS groups, incontinent (n = 28) and continent (n = 18) women, had a statistically similar mean age, weight, and parity (p = NS). In the EDS population overall joint hypermobility averaged 34.3%. Individuals with EDS type 3 had significantly more joint hypermobility than those with type 1 and 2 EDS. However, logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant relationship between prolapse and joint hypermobility. Wrist dorsiflexion (p < 0.05) and palmar flexion (p = 0.05) were the only variables related to incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has previously been reported that hypermobility was correlated with pelvic floor prolapse. Of 18 joint measures per patient, hypermobility of both wrist dorsiflexion and palmar flexion was associated with symptoms of incontinence. We were unable to document an association between joint hypermobility and prolapse in the EDS population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich., USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stanitski
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Mallett
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Frahm
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D004535:Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D011391:Prolapse; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications*