title: [The contribution of Alfred K. Graefe to surgical treatment of paretic squint in the second half of the 19th century].
abstract: Alfred Graefe is one of the three important ophthalmologists of the Graefe family in the nineteenth century, who were engaged scientifically with squint. He dealt with disorders of ocular motility in twenty publications. In: "The indication of operative treatment of paretic eye deviations" Graefe suggested three operative principles: Resection of the paretic muscle, tenotomy of the ipsilateral antagonist and tenotomy of the contralateral synergist. Depending on the amount of the motility disturbance Graefe recommended one or several of these methods. Concerning the vertical muscles Graefe emphasized the importance of parallelism of the retinal meridians. Hence, in the case of superior oblique palsy he favoured a tenotomy of the contralateral inferior rectus.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenkrankheiten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weidlich
mesh_terms: D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D013285:Strabismus / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery