title: Glucagon-like peptide I enhances the insulinotropic effect of glibenclamide in NIDDM patients and in the perfused rat pancreas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the acute effects of glibenclamide and glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-I) and their combination in perfused isolated rat pancreas and in patients with secondary failure to sulfonylureas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat islets were perfused with 10 nmol/l GLP-I in combination with 2 mumol/l glibenclamide. In human experiments, GLP-I (0.75 pmol. kg-1.min-1) was given as a continuous infusion during 240 min, while glibenclamide (3.5 mg) was administered orally. Eight patients participated in the study (age 57.6 +/- 2.7 years, BMI 28.7 +/- 1.5 kg/m2, mean +/- SE). In all subjects, blood glucose was first normalized by insulin infusion administered by an artificial pancreas (Biostator).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GLP-I increased the insulinotropic effect of glibenclamide fourfold in the perfused rat pancreas. In human experiments, treatment with GLP-I alone and in combination with glibenclamide significantly decreased basal glucose levels (5.1 +/- 0.4 and 4.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, P < 0.01), while with only glibenclamide, glucose concentrations remained unchanged. GLP-I markedly decreased total integrated glucose response to the meal (353 +/- 60 vs. 724 +/- 91 mmol.l-1. min-1, area under the curve [AUC] [-30-180 min], P < 0.02), whereas glibenclamide had no effect (598 +/- 101 mmol.l-1. min-1, AUC [-30-180 min], NS). The combined treatment further enhanced the glucose lowering effect of GLP-I (138 +/- 24 mmol. l-1.min, AUC [-30-180 min], P < 0.001). GLP-I, glibenclamide, and combined treat-stimulated meal-induced insulin release as reflected by insulinogenic indexes (control 1.44 +/- 0.4; GLP-I 6.3 +/- 1.6, P < 0.01; glibenclamide 6.8 +/- 2.1, P < 0.01; combination 20.7 +/- 5.0, P < 0.001). GLP-I inhibited basal but not postprandial glucagon responses. Using paracetamol as a marker for gastric emptying rate of the test meal, treatment with GLP-I decreased gastric emptying at 180 min by approximately 50% compared with the control subjects (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In acute experiments on overweight patients with NIDDM, GLP-I exerted a marked antidiabetogenic action on the basal and postprandial state. The peptide stimulated insulin, suppressed basal glucagon release, and prolonged gastric emptying. The glucose-lowering effect of GLP-I was further enhanced by glibenclamide. This action may be at least partially accounted for by a synergistic effect of these two compounds on insulin release. Glibenclamide per se enhanced postprandial but not basal insulin release and exerted a less pronounced antidiabetogenic effect compared with GLP-I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gutniak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juntti-Berggren
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guenifi
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Efendic
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010477:Perfusion; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D005905:Glyburide