title: Experience with veterinary vaccines in warm climates.
abstract: After a short description of the African laboratories manufacturing veterinary vaccines, the authors explain the main constraints for the use, in the field, of veterinary vaccines in warm climates. The need to respect the cold chain from the supplier of vaccines to the recipient animal is emphasised. In the Ivory Coast, during national vaccination campaigns, it has been proved that the quality of the rinderpest and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia vaccines is satisfactory when there is no disruption in the cold transport services. The data of this survey are exposed. In the framework of a project entitled "Thermostable rinderpest Vaccine, Transfer of Technology", a thermostable vaccine has been developed. It is manufactured in different African laboratories and integrated in some Pan African Rinderpest Campaign (PARC) vaccination programmes. On the other hand, the prospects offered by new thermotolerant attenuated vaccines against Newcastle disease are exposed. Finally, the authors present an outlook on the development of thermoresistant veterinary vaccines, such as those produced by genetic engineering, in particular with pox virus vectors.
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-EMVT, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tulasne
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lefèvre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blancou
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D004355:Drug Stability; D005602:France; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007114:Immunization / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D007391:International Cooperation; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000191:economics; D012301:Rinderpest / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D018581:Technology Transfer; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014709:Vero Cells; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines