title: The bioavailability of febantel in dehydrated camels.
abstract: In the present study the bioavailability of febantel paste and febantel suspension was investigated in the fully hydrated and the dehydrated camel. The serum concentrations of febantel and its metabolites, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulfone were determined by high performance liquid chromatography following extraction with ether. The exposure to febantel and its metabolites in fully hydrated camels was significantly higher in camels dosed with febantel paste compared to febantel suspension, as measured by AUC and Cmax. The AUC and Cmax of fenbendazole and oxfendazole were significantly lower in dehydrated camels as compared to control camels dosed with febantel paste. The systemic availability of febantel suspension in control and dehydrated camels was very low and differences between dehydration and control phases were insignificant. The low systemic availability of febantel in camels dosed with febantel suspension may cause nematodes to become resistant to this anthelmintic. It is, thus, suggested to increase the dose of febantel paste in dehydrated camels in order to increase the exposure to febantel and its metabolites. The binding of febantel, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulfone to camels' serum proteins was over 85%. Oxfendazole was only about 70% bound. Dehydration of 10 days did not affect the binding of these benzimidazole derivatives to serum proteins.
authors.affiliation: Corob Center for Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ben-Zvi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gussarsky
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Creveld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yagil
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000097:blood; D001682:Biological Availability; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D003681:Dehydration; D005260:Female; D005273:Fenbendazole / Q000097:blood; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D006146:Guanidines; D005273:Fenbendazole; C011030:oxfendazole; C017309:febantel