title: Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the value of screening transvaginal ultrasonography for the evaluation of endometrial abnormalities in women with postmenopausal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  250 women with postmenopausal bleeding underwent transvaginal ultrasonographic examinations before undergoing dilatation and curettage. Women who had any pelvic symptoms or were on hormone replacement therapy were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 151 women, the histologic diagnosis was atrophic endometrium. In these patients, the mean endometrial thickness was 3.4 +/- 1.2 mm. In 24 patients with endometrial carcinoma, the mean endometrial thickness was 16.5 +/- 6.2 mm. The measurement included both endometrial layers (i.e. double layer). Thirty six cases of other pelvic pathologic conditions were discovered on ultra sonography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that is reasonable to have a cutoff limit for normal postmenopausal endometrium at 5 mm. Endovaginal ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic instrument, as sensitive as dilatation and curettage, for detecting pathological conditions in the uterine mucosa.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Areteion Hospital Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Grigoriou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalovidouros
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papadias
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Antonaki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giannikos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014621:Vagina