title: Effects of organic acid and monensin treatment on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation of cracked corn.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of organic acids and monensin on the in vitro fermentation of cracked corn by mixed ruminal microorganisms. Ruminal fluid was collected from a steer fed 36.3 kg of wheat silage and 4.5 kg of concentrate supplement once daily. Mixed ruminal microorganisms were incubated in anaerobic media that contained 20% (vol/vol) ruminal fluid and .4 g of cracked corn. Incubations were carried out in batch culture for 24 h at 39 degrees C. Organic acids (L-aspartate, fumarate, and DL-malate) were added to serum bottles (n = 4) to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 8, or 12 mM. Monensin, dissolved in ethanol, was included in serum bottles at a final concentration of 0 or 5 ppm of culture fluid. The addition of 8 and 12 mM organic acids to cracked corn fermentations increased final pH (P < .05), tended to increase total gas production and CO2 concentration, and decreased the acetate:propionate ratio (P < .05). Organic acids tended to decrease methane concentrations and hydrogen concentration was not altered. DL-Malate addition at all levels reduced (P < .05) lactate accumulation. Additive effects of monensin and organic acids were observed in some fermentations. In conclusion, organic acid addition to in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations yielded beneficial results independent of monensin treatment by decreasing the acetate: propionate ratio and increasing final pH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2771, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D005650:Fumarates; D008293:Malates; D011422:Propionates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D008985:Monensin; D008697:Methane