title: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification of cytokine concentrations in human meningiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into the network of cytokine gene expression in the brain tumor microenvironment, we investigated the presence of the following cytokines in freshly excised brain tumors: interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor specimens from nine meningiomas were grown as tissue explants. The supernatants from the explants were tested for the presence of the aforementioned cytokines via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6, which is thought to stimulate acute protein phase synthesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferation, was found in all of the samples in greater concentrations than the other cytokines tested. IL-1 beta, another stimulatory cytokine thought to be involved in acute protein phase synthesis and cell proliferation, was also found in 100% of the samples tested, in concentrations significantly lower than those of IL-6. As expected, the presence of IL-2 and IL-4 was not detectable in any of the samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to clearly determine the relative concentrations of IL-1 beta and IL-6, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification. These findings are an important precursor to future studies using antibodies to IL-1 beta and IL-6 and antibodies to IL-6 receptors to modulate neoplastic growth both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, George Washington University, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Paino
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Caputy
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sekhar
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008579:Meningioma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015847:Interleukin-4