title: Experimental posttraumatic Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis in a swine model. Efficacy of intravitreal ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and imipenem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors compare the intravitreal efficacy of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and imipenem, in treating experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three Yorkshire pigs received a surgically induced injury to the right eye, which was then repaired and injected with 8400 colony forming units of live B. cereus. Nine pigs received no therapy and served as a natural history group. Twenty-four other pigs then were randomized into a treatment group with ciprofloxacin (n = 6), vancomycin (n = 6), imipenem (n = 6), or normal saline (n = 6). Eyes were examined clinically 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after inoculation. After 24 hours, the eyes were enucleated for histologic study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental disease was characterized by an aggressively developing endophthalmitis, with retinitis and vitritis developing at 4 hours. Histologic examination showed vitreous abscess and retinal necrosis. Both vancomycin- and imipenem-treated group had less inflammation and tissue destruction than control animals, based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test (P < 0.05). Ciprofloxacin-treated animals showed significantly more intraocular destruction and were indistinguishable from controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vancomycin and imipenem appear to limit inflammation and tissue destruction when given early in the course of experimental posttraumatic endophthalmitis caused by B. cereus. Results with ciprofloxacin are less conclusive and warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Alfaro
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: offele
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bevin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mines
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schoderbek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016863:Bacillaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015378:Imipenem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012173:Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013552:Swine; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013845:Thienamycins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin; D015378:Imipenem