title: Family history and premature coronary heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We were interested in studying whether a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) persisted as a significant risk factor for premature coronary heart disease after adjusting for traditional and nontraditional risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five case patients with documented premature CHD (occurring in a person less than 60 years old and with greater than 50 percent occlusion of a major epicardial vessel or a documented myocardial infarction) and 95 community-based control patients were examined for risk factors including family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and fibrinogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of premature CHD for a positive family history ranged from an odds ratio (OR) of 3.25 for a standard family history of CHD in a first-degree relative, 5.9 for family history of early CHD in a first-degree relative before the age of 45 years, and 6.1 for a strong family history of CHD defined as CHD in at least two first-degree relatives. Family history persisted as a significant risk factor for premature CHD (OR = 3.9, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.8-8.7) in multiple variable models that included traditional and nontraditional risk factors. It was rare, however, for a person with a positive family history not to have at least two other traditional or nontraditional risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family history of CHD should not be considered a simple binary risk factor for premature CHD, and a positive family history of CHD indicates that a person is at high risk for premature CHD independent of traditional and nontraditional risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket 02860, USA.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bostom
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yanek
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Laurino
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McQuade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selhub
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors