title: Nutritional status and lipid profiles of trained steroid-using bodybuilders.
abstract: Fourteen trained male anabolic steroid-using bodybuilders (SBBs) (19-41 years) were recruited for the study. Three-day diet records were obtained from SBBs and analyzed. A resting venous blood sample was drawn, and serum/plasma was subsequently analyzed for various nutritionally related factors. Results showed that mean dietary energy (4,469 +/- 1,406 kcal), protein 252 +/- 109 g), and vitamin and mineral intakes of SBBs greatly exceeded U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances. Dietary cholesterol intake was 2.8 times the recommended levels. Mean serum/plasma nutrient concentrations of SBBs were within normal range. However, individual SBBs had a number of serum/plasma values outside of the normal or recommended range, the most notable of which was hypercalcemia, which was present in 42% of SBBs. Serum/plasma lipids were such as to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lefavi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fleck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014891:Weight Lifting
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D008274:Magnesium