title: Female sex is associated with increased mortality and morbidity early, but not late, after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe mortality and morbidity during a period of 2 years after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two regional cardiothoracic centres which performed all the coronary artery bypass operations in western Sweden at the time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2129 (1727 (81%) men and 402 (19%) women) consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery between June 1988 and June 1991 without concomitant procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females were older and more frequently had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, renal dysfunction and obesity. In a multivariate analysis, taking account of age, history of cardiovascular diseases and renal dysfunction, female sex appeared as a significant independent predictor of mortality during the 30 days after coronary artery bypass grafting (P < 0.05), but not thereafter. Various postoperative complications including neurological deficit, hydro- and pneumo-thorax, perioperative myocardial damage and the need for assist devices and prolonged reperfusion were more common in females than males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Females run an increased risk of early death and the development of postoperative complications after coronary artery bypass surgery as compared with males. Late mortality does not appear to be influenced by gender and the long-term benefit of the coronary artery bypass graft operation is similar in men and women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandrup-Wognsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjalmarson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors