title: Optimal orthodontic space closure in adult patients.
abstract: The basic mechanical principles of various approaches to space closure to achieve treatment goals were presented. Practical methods for closing space were outlined with particular attention to controlling deleterious side effects. Special requirements for space closure in adult patients were addressed with specific recommendations for this category of tooth movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Siatkowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure