title: Metrifonate improves spatial navigation and avoidance behavior in scopolamine-treated, medial septum-lesioned and aged rats.
abstract: We investigated the effects of acute p.o. pretraining treatment with an indirect acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, metrifonate, on water maze spatial navigation and passive avoidance behavior. Metrifonate (10-100 mg/kg, orally, p.o.) did not improve the water maze or passive avoidance performance of young intact rats. However, in young rats metrifonate over a broad dosage range (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) was able to alleviate the adverse effects of scopolamine (a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist; 0.4 and 2.0 mg/kg in water maze and passive avoidance study, respectively) and medial septum-lesioning on spatial reference and working memory and passive avoidance performance. In old (23-month-old) rats, a defect of water maze and passive avoidance behavior was observed. In old rats, metrifonate improved spatial reference memory function in the water maze and also passive avoidance at 10-30 mg/kg, but the 3 mg/kg dose was ineffective. Very old (27-month-old) rats had a more severe impairment of water maze performance than old rats, and metrifonate 3-30 mg/kg did not improve their spatial navigation. These results show that metrifonate may over a wide range of doses stimulate cognitive functioning, but during advanced aging neurobiological defects develop that may mask some of the therapeutic effects of metrifonate in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Finland. Paavojr.riekkinen@uku.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riekkinen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stefanski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuitunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riekkinen
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014236:Trichlorfon / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D014236:Trichlorfon; D012601:Scopolamine