title: Cryptosporidium parvum is not transmissible to fish, amphibians, or reptiles.
abstract: A recent report suggested that an isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum had established infections in fish, amphibians, and reptiles and raises concern that animals other than mammals might be a potential source of waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts. To test this possibility, viable C. parvum oocysts, infectious for neonatal BALB/c mice, were delivered by gastric intubation to bluegill sunfish, poison-dart frogs, African clawed frogs, bearded dragon lizards, and corn snakes. Histological sections of the stomach, jejunum, ileum, and cloaca prepared from tissues collected on days 7 and 14 postinoculation (PI) were negative for Cryptosporidium developmental stages. However, inoculum-derived oocysts were detectable by fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody in feces of inoculated animals from day 1 to day 12 PI in fish and frogs, and up to day 14 PI in lizards. Snakes did not defecate for 14 days PI. Impression smears taken at necropsy on days 7 and 14 PI revealed C. parvum oocysts in the lumen of the cloaca of 2 fish and 1 lizard on day 7 PI only. Because tissue stages of the pathogen were not found, it appears that C. parvum was not heterologously transmitted to lower vertebrates. Under certain circumstances, however, such as after the ingestion of C. parvum-infected prey, lower vertebrates may disseminate C. parvum oocysts in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Graczyk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fayer
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cranfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000469:parasitology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000469:parasitology; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000502:physiology*; D017815:Elapidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007082:Ileum / Q000469:parasitology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000469:parasitology; D008116:Lizards / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010473:Perciformes / Q000469:parasitology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000469:parasitology; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000469:parasitology