title: Systemic interleukin-2 modulates the anti-idiotypic response to chimeric anti-GD2 antibody in patients with melanoma.
abstract: The induction of human antimouse antibodies (HAMA) and human anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) responses in cancer patients receiving therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) may limit the effectiveness of the administered mAb. This report evaluates the influence of systemic interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the anti-Id response to anti-disialoganglioside (anti-GD2) antibody given as treatment for patients with melanoma. Twenty-eight patients with melanoma received combined immunotherapy with anti-GD2 antibody and IL-2 at 1.5 x 10(6) U/m2/day given 4 days/week. The anti-GD2 antibody [murine 14.G2a mAb; dose levels of 2-5 mg/m2/day (4 patients); or human-mouse chimeric 14.18 (ch14.18) antibody; dose levels of 2-10 mg/m2/day (24 patients)] was scheduled to be given for 5 days either before, during, or after initial systemic IL-2 treatment. All four patients who received murine 14.G2a developed HAMA anti-isotype antibodies (660-1,000 ng/ml) as well as measurable anti-Id antibodies. All three patients who received initial treatment with ch14.18 alone developed a strong anti-Id antibody response after IL-2 was started 1 week later. The serum level of anti-Id antibody decreased during subsequent ch14.18 infusions, suggesting that the anti-Id antibody may be binding the administered ch14.18. In contrast, measurable anti-Id antibody was detected in only 3 of 14 patients who received IL-2 before, during, and after initial ch14.18 administration. Two of four patients receiving systemic IL-2 before and during initial ch14.18 infusions, and two of three patients receiving systemic IL-2 concurrent with initial ch14.18 infusions developed anti-Id antibodies. These data suggest that the anti-Id response to chimeric anti-GD2 antibody is influenced by the timing of systemic IL-2 in relation to antibody administration and can be suppressed by systemic treatment with IL-2 given before, during, and after the antibody administration.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hank
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Storer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rivest
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Surfus
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reisfeld
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sondel
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000276:immunology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005732:Gangliosides; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C019403:ganglioside, GD2