title: Laparoscopy: an important tool in the staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current standard for the noninvasive staging of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma is computed tomography (CT). However, CT often cannot determine whether a tumor is unresectable because of direct extension through the diaphragm to the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether laparoscopy detected transdiaphragmatic tumor extension when CT findings were equivocal.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1993 to July 1994, 12 of 36 patients considered for possible thoracotomy and surgical resection had equivocal CT findings of diaphragmatic invasion. All underwent laparoscopy using a multiport technique with diaphragmatic and peritoneal biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 83 min. There were no perioperative complications. The median hospital stay was 1 day. Six patients had biopsy-proven transdiaphragmatic extension, or peritoneal studding of tumor. The other six patients subsequently underwent thoracotomy: three had a complete resection, and three had unresectable tumor due to chest wall (N = 2) or mediastinal (N = 1) invasion. In no case was transdiaphragmatic extension of a tumor seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary experience demonstrates that laparoscopy is a safe and accurate method for detecting transdiaphragmatic tumor extension when CT fails to do so. Laparoscopy should be considered a standard part of prethoracotomy staging in this subset of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastric and Mixed Tumor Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: V W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillern
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000473:pathology; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed