Overlaps and parallels in the regulation of intrinsic multiple-antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.
Chromosomally encoded systems present in a variety of bacteria appear to play a central role in determining the Intrinsic level of resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. Work with the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli has shown that there is significant similarity at the amino acid sequence level among the structural components of these resistance systems as well as among their genetic regulators. This review describes two of the better-studied regulatory systems, marRAB and soxRS, as well as two regulated multidrug-efflux systems, encoded by emrAB and acrAB, and focuses on conserved themes in their primary structures and environmental stimuli. The observed resistance to clinically important antibiotics appears to reflect an overlap with broad-ranged adaptive responses by free-living bacteria to noxious plant materials in their natural environment.
Miller
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PF
Therapeutics Department, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of Warner-Lambert Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. millerp@aa.wl.com
Sulavik
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MC
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005807:Genes, Overlapping; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C083497:AcrA protein, E coli; C083496:AcrB protein, E coli; C489681:EmrA protein, E coli; C080002:MarA protein, E coli; C080004:MarR protein, E coli; C080003:multiple antibiotic resistance protein B; C070724:SoxR protein, Bacteria; C070725:SoxS protein, E coli; C077168:emrA protein, Bacteria; C077169:VceB protein, Vibrio cholerae