title: Increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA instability in cord versus adult mononuclear cells is translation-dependent and associated with increased levels of A + U-rich element binding factor.
abstract: The level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA is fourfold lower in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated mononuclear cells (MNC) from newborns compared with adults. The GM-CSF transcription rate is similar in umbilical cord and adult MNC, but transcript half-life is threefold lower in cord activated MNC. Interaction of RNA binding proteins, such as the cloned adenosine + uridine-rich element, binding factor, AUF1, with eight AUUUA motifs in the human GM-CSF mRNA 3'-untranslated region (GM-3'-UTR) has been implicated in regulating transcript stability. Translational inhibition by cycloheximide (CHX) significantly increased GM-CSF mRNA accumulation and half-life by three-fold in activated cord MNC, but had a minimal effect in activated adult MNC as compared with PMA + PHA alone. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays with a 32P-labeled, 305-nucleotide RNA comprising the GM-3'-UTR revealed two RNaseT1-resistant, bound complexes that were almost twice as abundant in cord than in adult MNC extracts. Mobility-shift competition assays and RNaseT1 mapping localized the binding site of both complexes to a 52-nucleotide region containing seven of eight AUUUA motifs. Inclusion of AUF1 antiserum produced a supershifted complex at 35-fold higher levels in cord than in adult MNC extracts. Extracts from the carcinoma cell line 5637, with extended GM-CSF mRNA half-life, also had very low levels of anti-AUF1 supershifted complex. Anti-AUF1 immunoblotting showed significantly higher levels of two AUF1 protein isoforms and lower levels of one in cord than in adult MNC or 5637 extracts. These results suggest that destabilization of GM-CSF mRNA in cord MNC is translation-dependent and that increased levels of specific AUF1 isoforms in cord MNC may target transcripts for increased degradation, which could account in part for dysregulation of neonatal phagocytic immunity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA 92668, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Buzby
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Winkle
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: DeMaria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cairo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D000081035:Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0; D034502:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C000630986:HNRNPD protein, human; D000081035:Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0; D034502:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003513:Cycloheximide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate