title: The psychological effects of parental human immunodeficiency virus infection on uninfected children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the mental health of children of mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched comparison of 26 children of mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and 26 children with no experience of human immunodeficiency virus infection within their families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subject children were identified through hospital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome clinics and comparison children were identified through the primary care center of the same hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects and controls were aged 6 to 16 years and matched by age, sex, race, and maternal marital and employment status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the children completed the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Children's Depression Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling for confounding variables, subjects were found by the Child Behavior Checklist to be significantly more withdrawn (P < .05) and to have more problems with attention (P < .005) than controls, although total Child Behavior Checklist scores were not significantly different. Compared with control children, the subject children reported more depression on the Children's Depression Inventory (P < .05) but were not more anxious. However, compared with children of asymptomatic mothers, the children of symptomatic mothers were reported to be significantly more anxious and/or depressed on the Child Behavior Checklist (P < .01) and the children reported more anxiety on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study focusing specifically on uninfected children in families affected by the human immunodeficiency virus demonstrates some of the psychological ramifications of this disease. Larger studies are required to identify factors that contribute to the vulnerabilities and resilience of such children. Attention needs to focus on ameliorating these adverse effects on the children of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Damour
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adnopoz
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D011897:Random Allocation; D012944:Social Support