title: Characterization of G proteins in obstructed kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract obstruction has a marked effect on renal function. Activation of phospholipases which results in incremental production of vasoactive eicosanoids may contribute to the hemodynamic changes characteristic of an obstructed kidney. G proteins play an important role in transmembrane signal transduction, which control phospholipase activities and eicosanoid production. The present study was designed to determine the presence of G proteins in obstructed kidneys in rats, and to characterize the differences between unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Several G-protein alpha subunits (G alpha s, G alpha i1,2, and G alpha i3) and the beta subunit (G beta) were determined by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical techniques using specific antibodies against these G proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoblots demonstrated a decreased G alpha i3 content in the outer medullary tubules and a significantly lower G beta level in the glomeruli of UUO. In BUO, there was an increased level of G beta in the cortical tubules, and the G alpha s level was markedly reduced in the inner medullary tubules. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that these G proteins were predominantly localized in the brush border side of the cortical tubules. However, we could not demonstrate staining differences between UUO and BUO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a modulation of G-protein-coupled transmembrane signal transduction may contribute to the renal functional changes in an obstructed kidney. A different level of expression of G-protein subunits between UUO and BUO may be a factor in the differences of hemodynamics and renal tubular damage between UUO and BUO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuzaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishidoya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orikasa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins