title: Histamine release in intact human skin by monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, stem cell factor, anti-IgE, and codeine as determined by an ex vivo skin microdialysis technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chemokines monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha release histamine from human basophils, as well as rat and mouse mast cells. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether these chemokines release histamine from human skin mast cells in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  A microdialysis technique was used to measure histamine release in skin. First, the model was validated by using anti-IgE, codeine, and stem cell factor (SCF); then the histamine-releasing effects of the chemokines were investigated. A total of 47 skin specimens from 41 donors were investigated. Hollow microdialysis fibers were inserted intradermally, and each fiber was slowly perfused (3 microliters/min). Anti-IgE, codeine, SCF, or chemokines were injected intradermally above individual fibers, and dialysate was collected at 2-minute intervals for 20 minutes. Each series of investigations comprised five to eight single experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-IgE (4 to 4000 U/ml), codeine (0.001 to 1 mg/ml), and SCF (5.4 x (10(-11) to 10(-8) mol/L)) released histamine in a dose-dependent manner; maximum histamine release was 97.4, 116.3, and 9.5 pmol/20 min, respectively. Monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-6) mol/L did not release histamine; histamine release by 10(-6) mol/L chemokine was less than 0.2 pmol/20 min. None of the chemokines modulated anti-IgE-induced histamine release. In contrast, SCF significantly potentiated anti-IgE-induced histamine release by 33%. All chemokines, but not SCF, released histamine from human basophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha do not release histamine from human skin mast cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brasso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pryds
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Skov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001491:Basophils / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000502:physiology*; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000502:physiology*; D003061:Codeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D003061:Codeine