title: Germ cell tumors of the testis overexpress wild-type p53.
abstract: Several recent studies have suggested that testicular germ cell tumors express high levels of wild-type p53 protein. To clarify and confirm this unexpected result, we have investigated seminomatous and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors at the genomic, mRNA, and protein levels. Thirty-five tumors were examined for p53 overexpression using antibodies directed against the p53 (PAb1801, PAb240, and CM1), mdm2 (IF2), and p21Waf1/Clp1 (EA10) proteins. Thirty-two tumors were screened for p53 mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Eighteen tumors were screened with a functional assay that tests the transcriptional competence of human p53 protein expressed in yeast. On frozen sections, 100, 65, 35, 73, and 0% of tumors reacted with the CM1, PAb240, PAb1801, IF2, and EA10 antibodies, respectively. No p53 mutations were detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism or by functional assay. The fact that many tumors overexpress wild-type p53 but not mdm2 rules out mdm2 overexpression as a general explanation for the presence of wild-type p53 in these tumors. The absence of p21 overexpression suggests that p53 may be unable to activate transcription of critical target genes, which may explain why the presence of wild-type p53 is tolerated in this tumor type, although the mechanism for this transcriptional inactivity remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pathology of Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estreicher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaubert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurlimann
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Metthez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iggo
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jichlinski
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Leisinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benhattar
mesh_terms: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018237:Germinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53