title: Psychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the occurrence, type, causes, and management of psychiatric manifestations in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of recent, relevant literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychiatric illness, especially depression, occurs much more frequently than expected in patients with MS, is frequently unrecognized or ignored, and is treatable using standard methods, although patients with MS may be unusually sensitive to side effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research is needed to better define the causes of psychiatric syndromes in patients with MS. Those treating MS should increase their awareness of and sensitivity to the likelihood of psychiatric disorder in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bland
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012803:Sick Role; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology