title: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in severe chronic obstructive lung disease and acute respiratory failure: short- and long-term prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) who had noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NMV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two respiratory intermediate intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients suffering from COLD and an ARF episode requiring mechanical ventilation. Group 1 (30 patients) was given NMV using face masks (aged 64 +/- 9 years; pH = 7.28 +/- 0.05; PaCO2 = 83 +/- 18 mmHg; PaO2/FIO2 = 141 +/- 61). Group 2 (27 patients) was composed of control patients (aged = 65 +/- 8 years; pH = 7.26 +/- 0.05; PaCO2 = 75 +/- 17 mmHg; PaO2/FIO2 = 167 +/- 41) given MV using endotracheal intubation (EI) when clinical and functional conditions had further deteriorated because the medical therapy failed and NMV was not available at the time. Causes of ARF were in group 1 and 2 respectively: pneumonia in 8 (27%) and 11 (41%), acute exacerbation of COLD in 19 (63%) and 14 (52%) and pulmonary embolism in 3 (10%) and 2 (7%) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success rate, mortality during stay in ICU (at 3 months and at 1 year), and the need for rehospitalization during the year following ARF were measured in this study. Group 1 showed a success rate of 74%, only 8/30 patients needing EI and conventional MV. In group 2, the weaning success was 74% (20/27 patients). The mortality for group 1 was 20% in IICU, 23% at 3 months and 30% at 1 year; and 26% for group 2 in ICU, 48% at 3 months and 63% at 1 year. Within each group 1-year mortality was greater (p < 0.01) in patients with pneumonia. The number of new ICU admissions during the follow-up at 1 year was 0.12 versus 0.30 in groups 1 and 2 respectively (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients suffering from COLD who have undergone ARF, avoiding EI by early treatment with NMV is associated with better survival in comparison to patients bound to invasive MV. Pneumonia as a cause of ARF may worsen the prognosis in both groups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Centro Medico di Riabilitazione di Gussago, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitacca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foglio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors