title: Immune response and disease resistance of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride.
abstract: Twenty-one Holstein bull calves (< 7 d of age at the initiation of the experiment) fed a milk replacer diet were used to assess the effects of supplemental Cr on immune response. Treatments consisted of milk replacer without supplemental Cr (control) or milk replacer with 0.4 ppm of supplemental Cr from CrCl3 or a Cr-nicotinic acid complex. On d 64, increases in skinfold thickness after an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin were measured to evaluate cell-mediated immune response. Calves supplemented with Cr-nicotinic acid complex had a greater response than did controls at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after injection. Calves supplemented with CrCl3 had a greater response than did controls at 24 and 48 h after injection. In vitro blastogenic responses of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen and antibody response to porcine red blood cells were not affected by treatment. Following a disease challenge with an intranasal dose of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis on d 75, body temperature tended to be lower for calves supplemented with Cr-nicotinic acid complex than for control calves. Calves supplemented with either Cr source had lower serum cortisol concentrations at 5 d after challenge. Chromium supplementation enhanced cell-mediated immune function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 2769, USA.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kegley
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007109:Immunity; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C102874:chromium nicotinic acid complex; C017133:chromous chloride; D006854:Hydrocortisone