title: Early diagnosis of Nelson's syndrome.
abstract: Nelson's syndrome is a specific form of Cushing's disease treated by bilateral adrenalectomy, presenting with a deep hyperpigmentation caused by a pituitary adenoma (corticotropinoma). These ACTH-secreting tumors are frequently aggressive, so early diagnosis is of prime importance. We have studied 33 patients with Nelson's syndrome, 28 women and 5 men, aged 14-56 yr at the time of adrenalectomy and 16-58 yr at the time of Nelson's syndrome diagnosis (observed for 5-32 yr). Methods of examination included simultaneous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol measurements during routine hydrocortisone replacement therapy, computed tomography (CT), pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and visual field examination. The results obtained in a group of six patients diagnosed in the last 3 yr were compared with those obtained in a group of 27 patients examined before 1992. High plasma ACTH levels accompanied by normal serum cortisol concentration were characteristic for a late stage of the disease. Absolute temporal scotomas were an early finding. MRI, especially with the gadolinium enhancement, was superior to CT in demonstrating pituitary microadenomas in Nelson's syndrome. Thus, MRI diagnosis allowed for an early neurosurgical treatment of the patients with Nelson's tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Academy of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kasperlik-Zaluska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walecki
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeske
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Migdalska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bonicki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brzeziński
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzezińska
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D003348:Cortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005438:Fludrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009347:Nelson Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012607:Scotoma / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid; C064925:gadodiamide; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005438:Fludrocortisone; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone