Elevated venous glutamate levels in (pre)catabolic conditions result at least partly from a decreased glutamate transport activity.
Abnormally high postabsorptive venous plasma glutamate levels have been reported for several diseases that are associated with a loss of body cell mass including cancer, human/simian immunodeficiency virus infection, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Studies on exchange rates in well-nourished cancer patients now show that high venous plasma glutamate levels may serve as a bona fide indicator for a decreased uptake of glutamate by the peripheral muscle tissue in the postabsorptive period and may be indicative for a precachectic state. High glutamate levels are also moderately correlated with a decreased uptake of glucose and ketone bodies. Relatively high venous glutamate levels have also been found in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to some extent also in the cubital vein of normal elderly subjects, i.e., in conditions commonly associated with a decreased glucose tolerance and progressive loss of body cell mass.
Hack
V
V
Department of Immunochemistry, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
Stütz
O
O
Kinscherf
R
R
Schykowski
M
M
Kellerer
M
M
Holm
E
E
Dröge
W
W
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D015415:Biomarkers; D002100:Cachexia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D002412:Cations / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014680:Veins
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D015415:Biomarkers; D002412:Cations; D005971:Glutamates; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose