Volumetric flow estimation in vivo and in vitro using pulsed-Doppler ultrasound.
The measurement of volumetric blood flow in small vessels in vitro and in vivo poses a significant technological challenge. In this study, two pulsatile flow models were developed, one with a 3.2-mm lumen diameter and one with a 12.7-mm lumen diameter, to assess the accuracy of volumetric flow estimation of two pulsed-Doppler devices, a Crystal Biotech VF1 20-MHz system with either a cuff-mounted or a needle-mounted probe and an Advanced Technology Laboratories Ultramark 9 High Definition Imaging system with a 5-MHz linear array transducer. The VF1 volumetric flow error was measured in the 3.2-mm phantom over a variety of pulsatile and continuous waveforms. The accuracy of the VF1 was also tested in porcine femoral and renal arteries. VF1 volumetric flow error ranged from 4.8% to 54.3% in the in vivo studies. The ATL demonstrated similar volumetric flow errors in the porcine femoral artery (approximately 3.2 mm diameter), but these errors were reduced to < or = 17.4% in the 12.7-mm-diameter in vitro flow model.
Holland
C K
CK
Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Clancy
M J
MJ
Taylor
K J
KJ
Alderman
J L
JL
Purushothaman
K
K
McCauley
T R
TR
D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed