title: Ocular mini-tablets for controlled release of timolol: evaluation in rabbits.
abstract: Topical delivery of timolol by inserts or similar controlled-release devices may offer distinct advantages over administration by eyedrops. The purpose of this investigation was the evaluation in rabbits of ophthalmic inserts (denominated mini-tablets, MT) for sustained/controlled release of timolol maleate (TiM). The MTs (diameter 3.5 mm, thickness 1.5 mm, average TiM content 0.34 or 0.68 mg) were prepared by compressing appropriate mixtures of powders with a standard tabletting machine. A thin, rate-controlling membrane was applied over the devices by spraying aqueous dispersions of acrylic copolymers. A first series of different (uncoated and coated) MTs were tested for release of TiM to the lacrimal fluid, using commercial eyedrops (Timoptol 0.5%) as a reference standard. Two MTs (one of which was coated) and the same reference solution were then selected for an ocular absorption study. Analysis of TiM in the aqueous humor indicated that the coated MT was capable of maintaining low and steady levels of TiM for at least 19 h, while the other device, identical but uncoated, produced a prolonged-pulse effect lasting about 8 h. The apparent mean residence time (MRT) of TiM in the aqueous humor was 1.3 h for the reference solution, 3.2 h for the uncoated MT, and 5.7 h for the coated one. The present preliminary results point to the potential validity of coated mini-tablets as simple systems for controlled ocular delivery of timolol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chetoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariotti Bianchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giannaccini
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Saettone
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sangalli
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006207:Half-Life; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011817:Rabbits; D013607:Tablets; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D013999:Timolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013607:Tablets; D013999:Timolol