title: Color axis evaluation of the Farnsworth Munsell 100-hue test in primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-pressure glaucoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was the aim of the present study to analyze a separate color-axis evaluation of the Farnsworth Munsell 100-hue test (FM 100) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal pressure glaucoma (NPG).
  
  
  METHODS
  One eye of each of 112 individuals (age 35-65 years, visual acuity > 20/28, myopia < -7.5 D) was included. The groups consisted of 62 normal subjects and 50 glaucoma patients (33 POAG and 17 NPG). We evaluated the FM 100 overall error score and the error scores of the protan, deutan and tritan axes. The results were compared with perimetric (Octopus G1 mean defect) and morphometric data of the optic disc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All error scores were significantly higher in the glaucoma group than in the normal group. In an age-related evaluation, differences were significant in age groups above 45 years. No significant differences were found between the POAG and NPG groups. The sensitivity of the overall score to identify glaucoma was 62% (specificity 80%). In the glaucoma group the overall score and the protan score increased significantly with the mean defect (r > 0.3, P < 0.01). Several scores increased slightly with decreasing neuroretinal rim area, but not on a significant level. Separate color-axis evaluations did not show any stronger correlations and did not reveal any differences between POAG eyes and NPG eyes. This was true even for the tritan axis error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although FM 100 error scores are higher in glaucoma eyes and increase with glaucomatous damage, they do not separate well. In the sample of this study, separate color-axis evaluation did not improve the diagnostic value. With the FM100 a different pattern of color vision defects in POAG and NPG eyes could not be detected.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik mit Poliklinik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003119:Color Perception Tests; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*