title: Single bolus compared with a fractionated dose injection technique of bupivacaine for extradural Caesarean section: effect on uteroplacental and fetal haemodynamic state.
abstract: We studied 26 healthy parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section, allocated randomly to receive extradural block with 0.5% plain bupivacaine in a double-blind manner in either a single bolus or fractionated doses. After a 3-ml test dose, an additional 20 ml of bupivacaine were given over a 5-min period in the single bolus group (n = 13) and over a 25-min period in the fractionated dose group (n = 13). We studied the effects of bupivacaine on blood flow velocities in the maternal placental and non-placental uterine and fetal umbilical arteries before and four times during establishment of extradural block using a pulsed colour Doppler technique. Median sensory block reached T3 in the single-dose group compared with T4 in the fractionated-dose group. Two subjects in each group required i.v. ephedrine to correct transient hypotension (systolic arterial pressure < 90 mm Hg). Blood flow velocity waveform indices of the uterine and umbilical arteries did not differ significantly within or between groups during the study. There was no significant difference in neonatal outcome, as assessed by Apgar scores and umbilical artery pH values. In conclusion, we observed no deterioration in uteroplacental circulation after administration of a single bolus dose of bupivacaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mäkäräinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alahuhta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jouppila
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jouppila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine