title: The effectiveness of two ciprofloxacin formulations for experimental Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus keratitis.
abstract: Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad spectrum bactericidal activity. A commercially available form of ciprofloxacin contains benzalkonium chloride (BAC) (0.006%) and EDTA (0.05%) as preservatives. Since BAC has been shown to cause adverse changes in corneal epithelial cells, a formulation of ciprofloxacin devoid of BAC and EDTA but with the same effectiveness would be valuable. We present here the results of experiments designed to assess the efficacy of a BAC-free and EDTA-free formulation of ciprofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin-polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), in experimental models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Both formulations of ciprofloxacin sterilized corneas infected with P aeruginosa, and both formulations showed equal bactericidal activity for S aureus. Normal eyes treated with either formulation showed mild conjunctival irritation compared to untreated normal eyes. The bactericidal activities of both formulations of ciprofloxacin were excellent. Therefore, the Ciprofloxacin-PSS formulation could serve as an effective single drug therapy for ocular infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Callegan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Folkens
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D002614:Chelating Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004492:Edetic Acid; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D002614:Chelating Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004492:Edetic Acid