title: Passive avoidance learning in the day-old chick is modulated by GABAergic agents.
abstract: Injection of drugs directly into the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of day-old chicks, prior to training on a chrome bead dipped in either the strong aversant methyl anthranilate (MeA), or the weak aversant quinine, allows investigation of the effects of potential amnestic and memory-enhancing agents on retention of a passive avoidance task. Chicks were injected into the left and right IMHV, with either saline or muscimol (GABA agonist), 30 minutes before training on an MeA-coated bead. On test, either 10 min, 30 min or 24 h after training, birds were presented with a dry chrome bead. Normally, trained birds will avoid the test bead; however, significantly more muscimol-injected birds pecked the dry bead than did saline-injected chicks, indicating amnesia in the muscimol-injected birds. In chicks injected bilaterally into the IMHV with bicuculline, a GABAA antagonist, 30 minutes prior to training on a quinine-coated bead, avoidance scores were significantly improved on testing at 24 h compared with saline-injected control chicks, indicating enhanced retention in bicuculline-treated birds. These results suggest a role for the GABAergic system in the acquisition and retention of passive avoidance learning in the day-old chick.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. M.P.Clements@open.ac.uk
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bourne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009118:Muscimol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009118:Muscimol; D001640:Bicuculline