title: Thiazide treatment of rats provokes apoptosis in distal tubule cells.
abstract: We studied the effects of inhibition of apical NaCl entry on the structural correlates for electrolyte transport in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of rats. Thiazide diuretics were used to block NaCl entry specifically in the DCT. Metolazone or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were applied for three days subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps. The renal epithelial structure of control and treated rats was studied by light and electron microscopy. Distribution of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (rTSC1), calbindin D28K and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase was examined by immunohistochemistry, and the content of rTSC1 transcripts by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. In treated rats the DCT epithelium had lost the structural characteristics of electrolyte transporting epithelia and the cells were in different stages of apoptosis. In damaged cells calbindin D28K and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase were strongly decreased; the rTSC1 was shifted from the luminal membrane to the basal cell half and was found additionally in small membrane vesicles in intercellular and peritubular spaces. Transcripts of rTSC1 were drastically reduced in homogenates of kidney cortex and almost absent in damaged DCT cells. All other tubular segments were unaffected by the treatment. Focal inflammatory infiltrates were found to be specifically surrounding DCT profiles. Thus, inhibition by thiazides of apical NaCl entry into DCT cells is associated with apoptosis of DCT cells and focal peritubular inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loffing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loffing-Cueni
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hegyi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Hir
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaissling
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000032:analysis; D064092:Calbindin 1; D064026:Calbindins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004232:Diuretics; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000032:analysis; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000032:analysis; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D027981:Symporters
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; C576500:Calb1 protein, rat; D064092:Calbindin 1; D064026:Calbindins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004232:Diuretics; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; C578876:Slc12a3 protein, rat; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D027981:Symporters; C064415:thiazide receptor; D012313:RNA; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase