title: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to clinical isolates of HIV-1 and SIVcpz: comparison of human and chimpanzees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses between HIV-1-infected humans and chimpanzees.
  
  
  METHODS
  The breadth of the ADCC responses in the two populations were tested against autologous and heterologous HIV-1 and SIVcpz clinical isolates as well as against reference isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADCC was tested in a 51Cr-release assay using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effector cells and infected Jurkat/Tat-cells as target cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of sera from chronically HIV-1-infected humans and chimpanzees had ADCC responses to HIV-1LAI. Interestingly, vaccinated chimpanzees with a low virus load during the immediate post-challenge period had low ADCC responses 3 years after challenge. In contrast, when ADCC activity to clinical isolates was evaluated, HIV-1-infected chimpanzees had more frequent heterologous (broader) responses than HIV-1-infected humans. ADCC was also tested in consecutive serum samples from two patients and two chimpanzees against autologous isolates, but was only detected to a low degree in one of the animals, although heterologous ADCC was demonstrated in all cases. The naturally infected (SIVcpz) chimpanzee did not have detectable heterologous or autologous ADCC responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1-infected chimpanzees had broader ADCC reactivity to heterologous HIV-1 clinical isolates than the HIV-1-infected humans. These findings are consistent with subtle differences in host-virus relationships of these two species.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumourbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broliden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinkula
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tolfvenstam
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niphuis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heeney
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines