title: Paternity after unilateral cryptorchidism: a controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if paternity is decreased among formerly unilateral cryptorchid men compared with a control group of men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formerly unilateral cryptorchid men who had orchiopexy between 1955 and 1971 at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and a group of control men have had their medical records reviewed and have been surveyed by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the men who had ever married and had attempted paternity, significantly more of the unilateral cryptorchid men had been unable to father children (10.5%) than among the control group (5.4%). No difference was found when the groups were compared for the duration of regular intercourse without contraception to conception of their first child. There was no relationship between the age of orchiopexy or lifestyle factors and paternity or between the age of orchiopexy and months of regular unprotected intercourse to conception. Paternity among both groups was related to female-related infertility factors and to the presence of varicoceles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with a control group, paternity was compromised after unilateral cryptorchidism. Infertility is about twice as frequent among the unilateral group. There was no evidence of subfertility requiring a longer exposure of regular intercourse without contraception among the fertile subgroup. No correlation was found between age of orchiopexy and paternity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Songer
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bellinger
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: LaPorte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D010334:Paternity; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013737:Testis / Q000601:surgery