title: Tachycardia-induced failure alters contractile properties of canine ventricular myocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapid cardiac pacing has been used as a model for experimentally-induced cardiomyopathy. However, its relevance to human heart failure is not clear at present because little is known about changes in size and function of ventricular myocytes. We have therefore studied the responses to graded increases in frequency and calcium in canine ventricular myocytes from failing hearts. The aim of our study was to evaluate the resemblance between canine pacing-induced and human end-stage heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocytes were isolated from the left ventricular wall of dogs that were in heart failure after 6 weeks of pacing at 250 beats/min. Cell shortening was measured by edge detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical signs of failure included dyspnea, ascites, and heart dilatation; the hemodynamic parameters were: LVdP/dtmax 1613 +/- 149 vs. 4713 +/- 304 mmHg/s in 6 control dogs; LVEDP 17.2 +/- 4.4 vs 5.6 +/- 1.1 mmHg; LV volume 60.5 +/- 6.2 vs. 30-35 ml. Myocytes from failing hearts were longer and thinner than those from controls (from factor: 0.40 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.01, P < 0.001, > 30 cells/heart). With 6 mM Ca2+ and at 0.5 Hz, contraction amplitude was significantly attenuated in myocytes from failing hearts: 6.6 +/- 0.9% cell shortening vs. 10.0 +/- 0.8% in controls (P < 0.05). This deficit was exacerbated at higher stimulation rates. Time-to-peak contraction and time-to-50% relaxation were not altered. There was no difference in sensitivity to thapsigargin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As with cells from human failing hearts, contraction amplitude showed rate-dependent depression in this animal model, whereas features like slowing of contraction and relaxation and reduced sensitivity to thapsigargin, were not reproduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Essen University, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davia
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Gara
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Drake-Holland
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hynd
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D019284:Thapsigargin; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium