title: Glomerular filtration and saturable absorption of iohexol in the rat isolated perfused kidney.
abstract: 1. The renal handling of iohexol was examined in the rat isolated perfused kidney (IPK) over a perfusate concentration range of 5-20 micrograms ml-1. 2. At a concentration of 5 micrograms ml-1, a ratio of renal clearance over clearance by glomerular filtration (ClR/GF) of 0.63 +/- 0.06 could be determined. This ratio increased until 1.02 +/- 0.06 at 20 micrograms ml-1, indicating that a saturable mechanism is involved in the luminal disappearance of the drug. 3. Pretreatment of the kidneys with polylysine, probenecid or diatrizoate resulted in a significantly enhanced clearance of iohexol, probably due to inhibition of membrane binding. Renal clearance data were fitted to a kinetic model including filtration into the primary urine followed by saturable absorption at the luminal membrane. An absorption constant, KA, of 7.3 +/- 1.3 micrograms ml-1, and a maximum rate of absorption, VA,Max, of 1.4 +/- 0.1 micrograms min-1 were determined. 4. Iohexol accumulated in kidney tissue, reaching a concentration of 2 to 7.5 times the perfusate concentration. In freshly isolated proximal tubular cells and kidney cortex mitochondria, iohexol reduced the uncoupled respiratory rate at a concentration comparable to the highest tissue concentration found in the IPK. 5. In conclusion, iohexol is not only filtered by the kidney but also reabsorbed via a saturable mechanism, which results in tubular accumulation. Intracellularly sequestered iohexol may affect mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Our results indicate that iohexol is not a true filtration marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masereeuw
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Russel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007472:Iohexol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol