title: Nuclear factor YY1 activates the mammalian F0F1 ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene.
abstract: Analysis of the promoters of the bovine and human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase alpha-subunit genes (ATPA) has identified several positive cis-acting regulatory regions that are important for basal promoter activity in human HeLa cells. We have previously determined that the binding of a protein factor, termed ATPF1, to an E-box sequence (CANNTG) located within one of these cis-acting regions is critical for transcriptional activation of the ATPA gene. In this article, we describe a second positive cis-acting regulatory element of the ATPA gene that is important for expression of the ATPA gene. We show that this cis-acting element also contains a binding site for a protein present in HeLa cells. On the basis of electrophoretic mobility shift patterns, oligonucleotide competition assays, and immunological cross-reactivity, we conclude that this protein factor is Yin-Yang 1 (YY1). Experiments carried out to examine the functional role of YY1 within the context of the ATPA promoter demonstrated that YY1 acts as a positive regulator of the ATPA gene. For example, when the YY1 binding site of the ATPA promoter was placed upstream of a reporter gene it was found to activate transcription in transient transfection assays. In addition, disruption of the YY1 binding site in the ATPA gene resulted in a loss of transcriptional activity. Furthermore, in cotransfection experiments overexpression of YY1 in trans was found to activate transcription of ATPA promoter-CAT constructs. Thus, at least two positive trans-acting regulatory factors, ATPF1 and YY1, are important for expression of the bovine and human F0F1 ATP synthase alpha-subunit genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75083-0688, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vander Zee
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D015870:Gene Expression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor; C494698:YY1 protein, human; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases