title: Health, welfare, and productivity of pigs housed under Specific-Stress-Free conditions in comparison with two-site systems.
abstract: This study describes the effects of housing pigs under optimal climatic conditions in a Specific-Stress-Free (SSF) housing system on health, behavior, immunological responsiveness, and production performance of 78 pigs from 10 litters. Pigs housed in an SSF system, where they were neither mixed nor transported, were compared with a control group of pigs for which transport was simulated and which were mixed at approximately 25 kg; transportation to another location and mixing are usual procedures in two-site systems. The SSF pigs had a higher growth rate for the finishing period (P < .01), but this was a smaller improvement in performance than in previous studies, probably due to less mixing in this study. Clinical signs were hardly seen in the SSF group, but aggression after mixing caused ear lesions in the control group. Pigs that were not mixed had a higher response 12 and 18 h after an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin (P < .001) compared to the control pigs. At 1 d ad 1 mo after mixing the control pigs, more agonistic interactions were seen in these pigs compared with the SSF pigs (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). In conclusion, health, welfare, and production performance of pigs are improved when pigs are kept in an SSF housing system where they are not mixed or transported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herd Health and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Ekkel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Savenije
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tielen
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D016014:Linear Models; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins