title: A long-range RNA-RNA interaction forms a pseudoknot required for translational control of the IF3-L35-L20 ribosomal protein operon in Escherichia coli.
abstract: In the IF3-L35-L20 operon encoding translation initiation factor 3 (IF3) and the two ribosomal proteins L35 and L20, the expression of the genes that code for the two ribosomal proteins is negatively regulated at the translational level by the cellular concentration of L20. This translational repressor directly regulates the expression of the gene encoding L35 and, via translational coupling, that of its own gene. Mutations that affect the control of the L35 gene were found exclusively at two sites: the first is located approximately 300 nucleotides upstream, and the second immediately 5' of the translation initiation site of the L35 gene. Mutations that fall between these two sites have little or no effect on the control, and the lack of effect of a deletion in the intervening region confirms this finding. RNA structure mapping in vitro suggests that the first site pairs with the second. We show that this pairing is also likely to occur in vivo because single mutations in either of these sites affect control, but base pair compensatory mutations re-establish control. We propose that these two distant sites can base-pair to form a long-range pseudoknot which is required for the control of the expression of the L35 gene.
authors.affiliation: UPR 9073, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiaruttini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Springer
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009876:Operon; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D039665:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C040045:L20 ribosomal protein, bacteria; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D039665:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C489279:ribosomal protein L35, E coli; C488992:rplT protein, E coli