title: Protective effects of trolox C, vitamin C, and catalase on bromobenzene-induced damage to rat hepatocytes.
abstract: METHODS
  The protective effects of trolox C (water-soluble vitamin E), vitamin C, and catalase on bromobenzene (BB)-induced toxicity to isolated rat hepatocytes were evaluated. The glutathione (GSH) content of the hepatocytes exposed to BB was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BB caused acute damage to the cells during 2 h of incubation (short) when BB was added directly to the culture wells, whereas a late-occurring and time-dependent increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate was observed during 24 h of incubation (long) when BB was dissolved in a different way. Incubation of the cells with trolox C (0.5-2.0 mM) prevented the hepatocellular damage induced by BB at 2.4 mM during the long-term incubation. Vitamin C (0.1-1.0 mM) had a protective effect on BB-induced toxicity during both the short- (BB, 1.6 mM) and the long- (BB, 2.4 mM) term incubations. Catalase (3200 U/ml) also showed a beneficial effect on the cells during the short-term BB exposure. Trolox C (2.0 mM) and vitamin C (0.5 mM) restored BB-induced GSH depletion in the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BB induced two patterns of LDH leakage from isolated hepatocytes on the basis of different ways of BB exposure and incubation periods. Trolox C, vitamin C, and catalase exerted protective effects on BB-induced toxicity during short- or/and long-term incubations. The effects were concentration-dependent. Restoration of GSH content in BB-exposed hepatocytes suggests that trolox C and vitamin C could reduce GSH consumption during BB metabolism and exert an antioxidant effect.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Histology and Cell Biology, University Hospital, University of Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danielsson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001969:Bromobenzenes; D002839:Chromans; D014810:Vitamin E; C032036:bromobenzene; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid