title: Vertebrobasilar thrombosis: diagnosis, management, and the use of intra-arterial thrombolytics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the diagnosis and management of vertebrobasilar thrombosis and to discuss the use of thrombolytics in the treatment of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected references discussing epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation of vertebrobasilar occlusive disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies addressing acute intervention and outcome in the therapy of vertebrobasilar thrombosis were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Only those studies with angiographic documentation of arterial thrombosis and, in the case of thrombolysis, recanalization, were considered valid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thrombosis of the vertebrobasilar system is a highly fatal disease and should be treated as a neurologic emergency. The key to effective management depends on early recognition of the symptom complex and a thorough understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the disease process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A timely, integrated, multidisciplinary approach to the patient with vertebrobasilar thrombosis can improve outcome. The use of thrombolytics in the treatment of vertebrobasilar occlusion holds promise but the benefits have not yet been proven in a controlled, randomized study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hacke
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*