title: Genetic analysis of the transcriptional arrangement of Azotobacter vinelandii alginate biosynthetic genes: identification of two independent promoters.
abstract: The study of alginate biosynthesis, the exopolysaccharide produced by Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, might lead to different biotechnological applications. Here we report the cloning of A. vinelandii algA, the gene coding for the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphospho-o-mannose pyrophosphorylase (PMI-GMP). This gene was selected by the complementation for xanthan gum production of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris xanB-mutants, which lack this enzymatic activity. The complementing cosmid clones selected, besides containing algA, presented a gene coding for an alginate lyase activity (algL), and some of them also contained algD which codes for GDP-mannose dehydrogenase. We present here the characterization of the A. vinelandii chromosomal region comprising algD and its promoter region, algA and algL, showing that, as previously reported for P. aeruginosa, A. vinelandii has a cluster of the biosynthetic alginate genes. We provide evidence for the presence of an algD-independent promoter in this region which transcribes at least algL and algA, and which is regulated in a manner that differs from that of the algD promoter.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lloret
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Salazar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Espín
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soberón-Chávez
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016948:Azotobacter vinelandii / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008359:Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012808:Sigma Factor; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C079619:AlgU protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D000464:Alginates; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D012808:Sigma Factor; C080207:phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphospho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C020562:GDPmannose dehydrogenase; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C016158:poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase; D008359:Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase