title: Persistent correlation between expression of a sulfated carbohydrate antigen and adrenergic differentiation in cultures of quail trunk neural crest cells.
abstract: The carbohydrate antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies such as HNK-1 (first characterized as recognizing human natural killer cells) and NC-1 (raised against quail neural-crest-derived cells) is found on a number of molecules associated with cell differentiation in vertebrates [42]. Previous work has shown that subpopulations of cultured quail trunk neural crest cells can be separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) on the basis of expression of this carbohydrate antigen. When neural crest cells are separated after 2 days in culture, adrenergic cells develop preferentially within the HNK-1-reactive subpopulation [27]. We wished to investigate whether the capacity for adrenergic differentiation remained associated with the HNK-1-positive cell population at later times in vitro, when the percentage of HNK-1-reactive cells has declined. The present study found that neural crest cells separated according to HNK-1-reactivity after 4 days in culture also showed preferential development of adrenergic cells in HNK-1-positive-enriched cultures, indicating that the HNK-1 epitope is persistently expressed in vitro on cells with adrenergic potential after 4 days of culture. To investigate the possible function of this epitope in development of the adrenergic phenotype, HNK-1 was added to unsorted neural crest cell cultures. The presence of antibody resulted in a decrease in the percentage of HNK-1-reactive cells during the initial 24 h after replating, but had no effect on the number of catecholamine-positive cells which developed after 7 days. We conclude that the epitope recognized by the HNK-1 antibody does not appear to function in the induction of the adrenergic phenotype. However, this antigenic determinant is useful as a predictive early marker which defines a subset of neural crest cells that includes those with the ability to undergo adrenergic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-3405, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000941:Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003370:Coturnix; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013431:Sulfates / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens; D002241:Carbohydrates; D000939:Epitopes; D013431:Sulfates