title: 10 years of pediatric liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for end-stage liver disease, but little long-term data exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 1984 to October 1994, 202 patients underwent a total of 225 liver transplantations. There were 98 boys and 104 girls, the average age was 5.1 +/- 4.9 (range, 0.2 to 19.1) years. Thirty (16%) were under 1 year of age. The diseases that required transplantation included biliary atresia (BA) (45%), metabolic liver disease (MLD) (9.9%), acute hepatic failure (6.9%), and Alagille's syndrome (AS) (5.4%). Originally the immunosuppression was cyclosporine- and steroid-based; the later regimens also included azathioprine and antilymphocyte preparations. All reported survival rates were derived from life-table analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 76%, 70%, and 61%; the retransplantation rate was 11%. The respective graft survival rates were 71%, 63%, and 59%. There were 60 deaths; 48 (81%) occurred in the first year. These first-year deaths were from sepsis (20; 42%), central nervous system problems (5; 11%), intraoperative complications (4; 8%), lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) (2; 4%), rejection (2; 4%), primary nonfunction (2; 4%), and miscellaneous other causes (7; 15%). There were 12 deaths after the first year, from LPD (3; 25%), sepsis (1; 8%), rejection (2; 18%), cancer (1; 9%), secondary hepatic failure (1; 9%), cerebral vascular accident (1; 9%), or pre- or postoperative complications (3; 25%). Compared with the overall survival rate, patients with MLD had a better chance of survival (83%; P <.012) than did those with AS (45%; P < .001). The 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with BA were 61% and 58%. Over the past 2 years, the survival rate has increased (87% v 72%; P < .05) as early septic deaths have decreased (from 2.6 to 1.0 per year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver transplantation is effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Decreasing the number of early septic deaths has improved the chance of survival, and better diagnosis and treatment of LPD would improve the late survival rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sommerauer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conlin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016738:Alagille Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007223:Infant; D015993:Life Tables; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents