title: Spinal cord lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: comparison of MR pulse sequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare T2-weighted conventional spin-echo (CSE), fast spin-echo (FSE), shorttau inversion recovery (STIR) FSE, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) FSE sequences in the assessment of cervical multiple sclerosis plaques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with clinically confirmed multiple sclerosis and signs of cervical cord involvement were examined on a 1.5-T MR system. Sagittal images of T2-weighted and proton density-weighted CSE sequences, T2-weighted FSE sequences with two different sets of sequence parameters, STIR-FSE sequences, and FLAIR-FSE sequences were compared by two independent observers. In addition, contrast-to-noise measurements were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spinal multiple sclerosis plaques were seen best on STIR-FSE images, which yielded the highest lesion contrast. Among the T2-weighted sequences, the FSE technique provided better image quality than did the CSE technique, but lesion visibility was improved only with a repetition time/echo time of 2500/90; parameters of 3000/150 provided poor lesion contrast but the best myelographic effect and overall image quality. CSE images were degraded by prominent image noise; FLAIR-FSE images showed poor lesion contrast and strong cerebrospinal fluid pulsation artifacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The STIR-FSE sequence is the best choice for assessment of spinal multiple sclerosis plaques. For T2-weighted FSE sequences, shorter echo times are advantageous for spinal cord imaging, long echo times are superior for extramedullary and extradural disease. FLAIR-FSE sequences do not contribute much to spinal imaging for multiple sclerosis detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Vienna (Austria).
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hittmair
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prayer
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kollegger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D011522:Protons; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011522:Protons