title: Blood chemistry changes in the rat induced by high doses of nitronyl free radical spin traps.
abstract: For greatest efficacy, it is desirable to use spin trapping agents in the highest concentrations possible. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to explore the relative toxicity of four representative nitronyl spin traps at doses chosen on the basis of earlier lethality studies. Most studies were confined to the 3- to 6-h period following drug injection, because the behavioral signs of toxicity are most evident early after injection and because spin trapping studies would typically be performed within this time frame. Doses of spin trap were dissolved in a corn oil/buffer vehicle and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Toxic signs were recorded periodically, and at the time of euthanasia or spontaneous death a blood sample was collected by cardiac puncture for clinical chemistry analysis and a necropsy was performed. Both gross pathology and histopathological examination of the major organs were essentially negative in all cases, with no obvious evidence of cellular damage being observed. Neither DMPO (232 mg/100 g b.wt.) nor PBN (100 mg/100 g b.wt.) were lethal in the present study, while both M4PO (20 and 40 mg/ 100 g b.wt.) and PyOBN (100 and 200 mg/100 g b.wt.) were lethal. Abnormal clinical chemistry findings were generally confined to those animals that died spontaneously or were euthanized early for humane reasons. In most cases, death was associated with marked seizure activity and impaired respiration, and deaths occurred within a few min to a few hours. The mechanism of toxicity was unclear due to the lack of histopathological evidence and the wide range of abnormal serum analytes in those rats killed by either M4PO or PyOBN. In conclusion, during the first 6 h after IP administration there is little indication of tissue damage by the nitrone spin traps until the dose is increased to a lethal level, at which point an acute, rapidly occurring, wide-spread disruption of tissue integrity seems to occur.
authors.affiliation: National Biomedical Center for Spin Trapping and Free Radicals, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Janzen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Poyer
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kosanke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011725:Pyridines; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004573:Electrolytes; D004798:Enzymes; D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011725:Pyridines; D013113:Spin Labels; C043438:alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone; C029217:phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide; C003959:TEMPO