title: Enucleative surgery for stage I nephroblastoma with a normal contralateral kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor enucleation is not recommended for children with nephroblastoma and a normal contralateral kidney. However, in adults with unilateral low stage renal cell carcinoma tumor enucleation may offer an alternative to radical nephrectomy, since functioning renal tissue is preserved without a greater risk of residual microscopic disease. Enucleative surgery may be more reasonable in children with nephroblastoma, because the risk of relapse can be reduced with chemotherapy. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the feasibility of enucleative surgery in children with stage I unilateral nephroblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 1995, 13 children with nephroblastoma and a normal contralateral kidney were consecutively admitted to our surgical unit. Possible candidates for tumor enucleation were evaluated according to certain criteria, including stage I disease at diagnosis, well-defined margins on post-contrast computerized tomography and at least 50% of the functioning kidney could be preserved. Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy was given in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4 children with preservation of more than 50% of the functioning kidney 3 were considered eligible for enucleation. The tumors, which were confined to the mid kidney in 2 children and upper renal pole in 1, were successfully enucleated without hypothermia or vascular occlusion. All 3 children are disease-free at 49, 48 and 26 months of followup, respectively. Renal function has been almost completely restored postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary data suggest that enucleative surgery may be a reasonable option in select children with stage I nephroblastoma and a normal contralateral kidney.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Radiology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schiavetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonanni
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matrunola
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castello
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*