title: Pallidotomy: a survey of current practice in North America.
abstract: Twenty-eight centers completed a survey about their current practice of pallidotomy. This sample represents a non-exhaustive survey of the current practice of pallidotomy in North America and is not a study of outcomes. 1015 patients underwent 1219 pallidotomies: 811 (80%) unilateral, 72 (7%) staged bilateral, and 132 (13%) simultaneous bilateral. Pallidotomy has long been an accepted procedure and the indications for this surgery, in the opinion of the responding centers, were rated on a scale of 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent) and demonstrated dyskinesia as the best indication (median = 4); on-off fluctuations, dystonia, rigidity, and bradykinesia as good indications (median = 3); and freezing, tremor and gait disturbance as fair indications (median = 2). Most centers used MRI alone (50%) or in combination with CT scan (n = 6) or ventriculopathy (n = 5) to localize the target. The median values of pallidal coordinates were: 2 mm anterior to the midcommissural point 21 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane and 5 mm below the intercommissural line. Microrecording was performed by half of the centers (n = 14) and half of the remaining centers were considering starting it (n = 7). Main criteria used to define the target included the firing pattern of spontaneous neuronal discharges (n = 13) and the response to joint movement (n = 10). Most centers performed motor (n = 26) and visual (n = 23) macrostimulation. Twenty four centers performed test lesions using median values of 55 degrees C temperatures for 30 s. Final lesions consisted of 3 permanent lesions placed 2 mm apart, each lesion created with median values of 75 degrees C temperatures for 1 minute. Median hospital stay was 2 days.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Favre
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gildenberg
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Burchiel
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States