title: Volumetric flow estimation in vivo and in vitro using pulsed-Doppler ultrasound.
abstract: The measurement of volumetric blood flow in small vessels in vitro and in vivo poses a significant technological challenge. In this study, two pulsatile flow models were developed, one with a 3.2-mm lumen diameter and one with a 12.7-mm lumen diameter, to assess the accuracy of volumetric flow estimation of two pulsed-Doppler devices, a Crystal Biotech VF1 20-MHz system with either a cuff-mounted or a needle-mounted probe and an Advanced Technology Laboratories Ultramark 9 High Definition Imaging system with a 5-MHz linear array transducer. The VF1 volumetric flow error was measured in the 3.2-mm phantom over a variety of pulsatile and continuous waveforms. The accuracy of the VF1 was also tested in porcine femoral and renal arteries. VF1 volumetric flow error ranged from 4.8% to 54.3% in the in vivo studies. The ATL demonstrated similar volumetric flow errors in the porcine femoral artery (approximately 3.2 mm diameter), but these errors were reduced to < or = 17.4% in the 12.7-mm-diameter in vitro flow model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clancy
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Purushothaman
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McCauley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed