title: Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of increased fetal nuchal translucency thickness in twin pregnancies and to evaluate screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of translucency thickness and maternal age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective screening study at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal Medicine Centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  22,518 self-selected pregnant women at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation, including 21,477 singleton and 448 twin pregnancies with live fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal nuchal translucency thickness was measured by ultrasound examination at 10-14 weeks. Sensitivity and false positive rates of screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency thickness and maternal age were calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of increased nuchal translucency thickness and detection of trisomy 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 448 twin pregnancies the nuchal translucency thickness was above the 95th centile of the normal range (for crown-rump length in singletons) in 65/896 fetuses (7.3%), including 7/8 (88%) with trisomy 21. Increased translucency was also present in four fetuses with other chromosomal abnormalities. In the chromosomally normal twin pregnancies the prevalence of increased nuchal translucency was higher in fetuses from monochorionic (8.4%; 16/190) than in those with dichorionic pregnancies (5.4%; 37/688). The minimum estimated risk for trisomy 21, based on maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness, was 1 in 300 in 19.5% (175/896) of the twins including all eight of those with trisomy 21.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In twin pregnancies the sensitivity of fetal nuchal translucency thickness in screening for trisomy 21 is similar to that in singleton pregnancies, but the specificity is lower because translucency is also increased in chromosomally normal monochorionic twin pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sebire
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics*; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014314:Trisomy; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal