title: Clomipramine modifies fluctuations of forced swimming immobility in different phases of the rat estrous cycle.
abstract: Many symptoms that define the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are present in depressive states. The fact that there are not adequate animal models to study the PMS may explain the lack of knowledge about its etiology. An alternative might be the use of animal models which are useful to study depression, such as the forced swimming test. Eighteen female rats were subjected to the forced swimming test once a week for six consecutive weeks. An increase of immobility was observed during diestrus as compared to estrus. On the other hand, some premenstrual symptoms have been suggested to be caused by the influence of gonadal hormones on the activity of central serotonergic systems. Thus, the effects of clomipramine were further studied. The drug reduced rat immobility during diestrus, so that the differences between the two estrous cycle phases disappeared. We conclude that the use of the forced swimming test might be a helpful model in the study of PMS.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de las Américas, Cholula, Pue., México.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marvan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chavez-Chavez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004971:Estrus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D002997:Clomipramine