title: Bilateral enophthalmos associated with hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progressive bilateral enophthalmos in the absence of previous trauma is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with progressive bilateral severe enophthalmos whose only significant medical history was that of congenital hydrocephalus were treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients demonstrated severe bilateral enophthalmos with poor eyelid apposition to the globes resulting in superficial keratopathy. Orbital computed tomographic scans confirmed the severe enophthalmos, with apparent reduced orbital fat volume. Orbital bony anatomy appeared normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral progressive enophthalmos may be associated with hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunting. The causal mechanism remains speculative.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Lions Eye Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nerad
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*