title: Influence of physical exercise and nifedipine on ocular pulse amplitude.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) was measured to investigate the influence of peripheral vasoconstriction and vasodilation on choroidal perfusion in healthy volunteers and to determine whether low OPA in low-tension glaucoma (LTG) patients is associated with a vasospastic reaction and its response to the calcium channel blocker nifedipine.
  
  
  METHODS
  OPA was determined using the Langham ocular blood flow (OBF) system, applanation intraocular pressure (IOP), systemic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured, and ocular perfusion pressure was calculated before and after exercise and smoking in 12 otherwise nonsmoking, healthy volunteers and prior to and for 3 months after initiation of nifedipine therapy in 32 LTG patients with and without a vasospastic reaction as manifested by a nailfold capillary blood flow test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise significantly (P < 0.05) increased heart rate, systolic blood pressure and ocular perfusion pressure, while it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced IOP and diastolic blood pressure. However, OPA was not significantly (P > 0.1) affected by changes in these parameters. Smoking significantly (P < 0.05) increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and ocular perfusion pressure but did not significantly (P > 0.09) alter OPA. There were two distinct LTG subtypes, with and without a vasospastic reaction. Only those with a vasospastic reaction showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in OPA after 3 months of nifedipine treatment, while all other parameters tested were not significantly altered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite affecting ocular and systemic perfusion parameters, exercise and smoking did not alter OPA, suggesting functional isolation, i.e. autoregulation of the choroidal and/or ophthalmic artery circulation in healthy volunteers. Low OPA in LTG was increased by nifedipine only in vasospastic LTG patients, suggesting different, vasotonus-related pathologies. Calcium channel blockers and other vasodilators may be useful in vasoreactive LTG patients with reduced OPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mittag
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hessemer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015814:Ocular Hypotension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010477:Perfusion; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009543:Nifedipine