title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: comparison with paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a randomized trial. French Group of Clinicians and a Group of Biologists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts reduce portal pressure and can control ascites in patients with cirrhosis. We carried out a controlled study to evaluate this procedure for the management of refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis and to clarify its mechanism of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with refractory ascites were included in the trial; 13 were randomly assigned to shunts and 12 to paracentesis. Four patients in each group were Child-Pugh class C and the others were class B. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 34 months. Hemodynamic values, liver and renal tests and neurohumoral factors were measured before and at 4 months after inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shunts were successfully placed in 10 out of 13 patients. At 4 months, ascites had improved in all class B patients in the shunt group and in none of the patients in the paracentesis group (p < 0.05); ascites did not improve in any of the class C patients in either of the groups. At 2 years, the overall survival rate was 29 +/- 13% (mean +/- SE) in the shunt group and 56 +/- 17% in the paracentesis group (p < 0.05). In class B patients, there was no significant difference in mortality. At 4 months, portal pressure was significantly lower than before the shunt, while plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly higher and plasma levels of renin and norepinephrine significantly lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial, intrahepatic shunts were effective on refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis. However, the overall survival rate was lower in shunted patients than in those treated with paracentesis. The efficacy of intrahepatic shunts on ascites was only observed in class B patients. Survival did not improve in class B patients, and decreased in class C patients compared to paracentesis. The efficacy of shunts on ascites might be due to neurohumoral factors which control natriuresis and depend on hepatic sinusoidal pressure.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U-24, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lebrec
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giuily
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadengue
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vilgrain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poynard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Benhamou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erlinger
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000097:blood; D019152:Paracentesis; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents