title: Clinical significance of measurements of urinary and serum thrombomodulins in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The aim of our study was to elucidate whether serum thrombomodulin (S-TM) and urinary thrombomodulin (U-TM) levels would reflect the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Studies were conducted in 188 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 132 age-matched healthy subjects. TM was measured by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay. Both S-TM and U-TM levels in NIDDM were much higher than those in healthy controls. S-TM values in NIDDM correlated significantly with age (P < 0.05), HbA1c (P < 0.05), serum 1.5 anhydroglucetol (AG) (P < 0.05) and urinary albumin concentration (UAC) (P < 0.01), respectively. On the other hand, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P < 0.001), HbA1c (P < 0 .01), serum fructosamine (P < 0.05) and serum 1.5 AG (P < 0.05) were closely correlated with U-TM values in NIDDM. Patients with clinical nephropathy showed obviously higher S-TM levels (P < 0.05) than patients with latent nephropathy. Furthermore, S-TM values in patients with diabetic proliferative retinopathy increased significantly compared with those in patients without diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.05). When all diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria were studied, no significant changes of S-TM were observed between the no diabetic retinopathy group and the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that an increase in U-TM reflects the grade of glucose metabolism, whereas an increase in S-TM appears to reveal the advance of diabetic microangiopathy, including nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018180:Thrombomodulin