Actual versus self-reported cognitive dysfunction in HIV-1 infection: memory-metamemory dissociations.
The relationship between subjective awareness and objective neuropsychological status in HIV-1 infection remains unclear. Forty-six HIV-1 seropositive males were administered a battery of neuropsychological measures assessing episodic memory, metacognition, and depression. Results of ANOVA revealed a dissociation between subjects' self-complaint of neuropsychological impairment and objective performance, with subjects who denied cognitive impairment performing worse on memory testing. Three subgroups were identified: A group whose self-reported cognitive impairment exceeded deficits demonstrated on memory testing (37% of subjects); a group who denied impairment but evidenced deficits on memory testing (26% of subjects); and a group whose self-appraisal was consistent with performance (37% of subjects). These data suggest that self-report of cognitive dysfunction among HIV-1 infected subjects is frequently at variance with objective neuropsychological testing and that diminished awareness of decline among medically symptomatic HIV-1 infected subjects can be identified.
Hinkin
C H
CH
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
van Gorp
W G
WG
Satz
P
P
Marcotte
T
T
Durvasula
R S
RS
Wood
S
S
Campbell
L
L
Baluda
M R
MR
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012647:Self-Assessment