Glomerular and tubular effects of contrast media diatrizoate and iopromide.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of two contrast media (CM), with different physicochemical characteristics: diatrizoate (ionic high-osmolar), iopromide (nonionic low-osmolar). Intravenous urography was performed in 34 patients: 17 were examined with diatrizoate and 17 with iopromide, randomly assigned. Different parameters of glomerular and tubular function were measured before and at 6, 24, and 48 h after urography. Both contrast media induced a reversible increase of urine enzymes, which was significantly higher after diatrizoate. In particular, diatrizoate determined a relevant increase of brush border enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and of cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), while, after iopromide increases of urinary enzymes were less evident and were significant only for GGT and ALP. In addition, diatrizoate affected other tubular functions (clearances of phosphorus and uric acid) and slightly decreased glomerular function in a few patients. In no case did these glomerular and tubular effects have a clinical relevance. In conclusion, the nonionic low-osmolar contrast medium iopromide appeared less nephrotoxic than diatrizoate. The cost-benefit ratio needs further examination.
Donadio
C
C
Unità di Nefrologia Clinica Medica 2, Univeristà di Pisa, Italy.
Lucchesi
A
A
Tramonti
G
G
Calderazzi
A
A
Gibilisco
G
G
Paolicchi
A
A
Giordani
R
R
Bianchi
C
C
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000652:urine; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D017595:Renal Plasma Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014567:Urography / Q000009:adverse effects; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000652:urine
D003287:Contrast Media; D003973:Diatrizoate; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D003404:Creatinine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase