title: Testosterone and prolactin stimulation of mitochondrial aconitase in pig prostate epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The function of the prostate gland in many animals, including humans, is to accumulate and secrete large quantities of citrate. This function derives from the metabolic characteristics of the prostate secretory epithelial cells. These cells possess a uniquely limiting mitochondrial aconitase (m-aconitase) that minimizes citrate oxidation and thus permits citrate to accumulate. Unfortunately, the characteristics of prostate m-aconitase and its manner of regulation have not been established. The hormones testosterone and prolactin, however, are significantly involved in regulating prostate citrate production. Thus it is reasonable to hypothesize that these hormones may be involved in the regulation of both m-aconitase and citrate oxidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using freshly prepared pig prostate epithelial cells, we attempted to determine the effects of testosterone and prolactin treatment on the level of m-aconitase enzyme, on the level of m-aconitase activity, and on citrate utilization. The epithelial cells were incubated for 3 hours with either testosterone (10(-9) M), prolactin (1 microgram/mL), or vehicle (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both hormone applications caused a marked increase in the level of m-aconitase. In contrast, neither hormone had any effect on the m-aconitase level of pig seminal vesicle cells, which are also citrate-producing cells. Moreover, neither hormone had any effect on pyruvate dehydrogenase E1a. These findings suggest that testosterone and prolactin regulation of prostate m-aconitase is a highly specific effect. Along with the increase in the level of m-aconitase enzyme, both hormones also increased m-aconitase activity and prostate-cell utilization of citrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies demonstrate that testosterone and prolactin can regulate m-aconitase and sub-sequent citrate oxidation of specific prostate epithelial cells. This unique aconitase relationship is not observed in other mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D000154:Aconitate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D013552:Swine; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D011388:Prolactin; D000154:Aconitate Hydratase