title: Effects of insulin treatment on cause-specific one-year mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. DIGAMI Study Group. Diabetes Insulin-Glucose in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: Diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction have a poor prognosis, which has been attributed to a higher incidence of congestive heart failure and fatal reinfarction. This study reports on the one-year morbidity and mortality in a randomized study with the aim of testing whether insulin-glucose infusion initiated as soon as possible after onset of myocardial infarction and followed by long-term subcutaneous insulin treatment may have a beneficial effect on outcome in diabetic patients. In all, 306 patients were recruited to the insulin-treated group, while 314 patients served as controls. The overall mortality after one year was 19% in the insulin group compared to 26% among controls (P < 0.05). The treatment effect was most pronounced in patients without prior insulin medication and at low cardiovascular risk. In this stratum the in-hospital mortality was reduced by 58% (P < 0.05) and the one-year mortality by 52% (P < 0.02). The most frequent cause of death in all patients was congestive heart failure (66%), but cardiovascular mortality (congestive heart failure, fatal reinfarction, sudden death and stroke) tended to be decreased in insulin-treated patients. However, this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance. The number of reinfarctions was 53 (28% fatal) in the insulin group compared to 55 (45% fatal) in the control group. The two groups did not differ as regards need for hospital care or coronary revascularization during the year of follow-up. In summary, left ventricular failure and fatal reinfarctions contribute to increased mortality in diabetic patients following acute myocardial infarction. Intensive insulin treatment lowered this mortality during one year of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rydén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waldenström
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin