title: Insurance-related differences in the presentation of pediatric appendicitis.
abstract: In the pediatric population, there is strong evidence to suggest that a delay in treatment results in an increased risk of appendiceal perforation. However, it is not clear whether this delay arises from the parent seeking medical advice, the referring physician seeking surgical consultation, or the surgeon deciding to operate. To resolve this issue, the authors performed a retrospective chart review of all cases of confirmed acute appendicitis that presented to the pediatric surgical service of the Children's Hospital of Buffalo during a 4-year period (January 1990 through December 1993). All children (< or = 16 years of age) were categorized with respect to type of insurance coverage:Medicaid (or uninsured), health maintenance organization (HMO), or private fee-for-service. Their time until emergency room (ER) presentation, operating room (OR) presentation, and hospital discharge were recorded and compared. Their complications and perforation rates also were noted. Two hundred eighty-eight cases were reviewed. The rate of appendiceal perforation was significantly higher among the Medicaid patients (Medicaid, 44%; HMO, 27%; private, 23%; P < .05); their duration of symptoms before presentation was significantly longer (Medicaid, 47.3 +/- 4.1 hours; HMO, 29.3 +/- 1.9 hours; private, 23.1 +/- 2.5 hours; P < .01), and their hospital stay was longer (Medicaid, 7.9 +/- 0.9 days; HMO, 4.8 +/- 0.27 days; private, 4.6 +/- 0.44 days; P < .01). However, there were no significant differences in the time from presentation to the ER until definitive surgery in the OR. Children covered by Medicaid (or uninsured) presented later, had a higher risk of appendiceal perforation, and required a longer hospital stay. The parents of these children either failed to recognize the significance of their children's symptoms, or delayed seeking medical advice because of financial or logistical reasons. The gatekeeper consultation, required by the health maintenance organizations (HMO) did not result in a delay in presentation or have a negative impact on morbidity. Providing easier access to a primary care physician and improving parental health education/awareness may shorten the time until presentation for the uninsured/Medicaid patient.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Karamanoukian
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Caty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Azizkhan
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018588:Fee-for-Service Plans; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006302:Health Services Research; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D009518:New York; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States