title: GlpQ: an antigen for serological discrimination between relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis.
abstract: Tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by numerous Borrelia species maintained in nature by Ornithodoros tick-mammal cycles. Serological confirmation is based on either an immunofluorescence assay or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using whole cells or sonicated Borrelia hermsii as the antigen. However, antigenic variability of this bacterium's outer surface proteins and antigens shared with the Lyme disease spirochete (B. burgdorferi), may cause both false-negative and false-positive results when testing sera of patients suspected to have either relapsing fever or Lyme disease. To develop a specific serological test for relapsing fever, we created a genomic DNA library of B. hermsii, screened transformed Escherichia coli cells for immunoreactivity with high-titered (> or = 1:2,048) human anti-B. hermsii antiserum, and selected an immunoreactive clone (pSPR75) expressing a 39-kDa protein. DNA sequencing, subcloning, and serum adsorption experiments identified the immunoreactive protein as a homolog of GlpQ, a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase identified previously in E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Bacillus subtilis. Serum samples from humans and mice infected with B. hermsii or other species of relapsing fever spirochetes contained antibodies recognizing GlpQ, whereas serum samples from Lyme disease and syphilis patients were nonreactive. Serologic tests based on this antigen will identify people exposed previously to relapsing fever spirochetes and help clarify the distribution of relapsing fever and Lyme disease in situations in which the occurrence of their causative agents is uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schrumpf
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hinnebusch
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Konkel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001898:Borrelia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012061:Relapsing Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012698:Serologic Tests
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C087921:glpQ protein, Bacteria