title: Nasal delivery of vaccines.
abstract: Only relatively recently the significance of inducing not only systemic immunity but also significant local immunity at susceptible mucosal surfaces has become appreciated. A new field of mucosal immunity has been established as information accumulates on mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and on its role in both local and systemic immune responses. This review describes the formation of vaccines to be delivered to one of MALT components, i.e. the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), which bears some similarities with the Peyer's patches of the intestine. The association of antigens with adjuvants and particulate carriers such as microparticles, nanoparticles and liposomes is emphasised.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Ciências eTecnologia Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Alpar
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008863:Microspheres; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D014612:Vaccines