title: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in an endemic environment: wild sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) with infected ticks and antibodies.
abstract: Ticks and blood samples were collected from wild sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) during a hunting season (August to October) of 1991 at a selected location in Hokkaido, Japan. Ixodes persulcatus (adult and nymph) and I. ovatus (adult) were the common ticks on sika deer. Spirochetes were detected in the midgut of the ticks by the indirect peroxidase-conjugated antibody staining method and by dark-field microscopy after cultivation. By the reactive pattern of monoclonal antibodies, isolates were considered to belong to Borrelia garinii or B. japonica. In an antibody test, the percentage of seropositive deer was 69.0%. Most of the adult sika deer were positive for antibodies to the spirochetes. There are significant age-dependency in antibody level and seropositive rate. The surveillance of deer should be valuable in monitoring the transmission risk of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isogai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isogai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuzawa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Postic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baranton
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamewaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuji
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaguti
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001179:Arthropod Vectors; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003670:Deer / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D018884:Ixodes / Q000382:microbiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial