title: Self-hypnotic relaxation during interventional radiological procedures: effects on pain perception and intravenous drug use.
abstract: The authors evaluated whether self-hypnotic relaxation can reduce the need for intravenous conscious sedation during interventional radiological procedures. Sixteen patients were randomized to a test group, and 14 patients were randomized to a control group. All had patient-controlled analgesia. Test patients additionally had self-hypnotic relaxation and underwent a Hypnotic Induction Profile test. Compared to controls, test patients used less drugs (0.28 vs. 2.01 drug units; p < .01) and reported less pain (median pain rating 2 vs. 5 on a 0-10 scale; p < .01). Significantly more control patients exhibited oxygen desaturation and/or needed interruptions of their procedures for hemodynamic instability. Benefit did not correlate with hypnotizability. Self-hypnotic relaxation can reduce drug use and improve procedural safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (DVAMC), Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy