title: Intracellular glutathione level modulates the induction of apoptosis by delta 12-prostaglandin J2.
abstract: We studied the effect of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which was known to conjugate readily with an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl of 9-deoxy-delta 9,12-13,14-dihydroPGD2 (delta 12-PGJ2), on the cytotoxicity of delta 12-PGJ2. delta 12-PGJ2 caused DNA fragmentation in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cells, which was blocked by cycloheximide (CHX). The delta 12-PGJ2-induced apoptosis was augmented by GSH depletion resulted from pretreatment with buthioninine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. On the contrary, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of cysteine, elevated the GSH level and protected cells from initiating apoptosis by delta 12-PGJ2. Sodium arsenite, a thiol-reactive agent, also induced apoptosis, which was potentiated or attenuated by BSO or NAC treatment respectively. These results suggest that the apoptosis-inducing activity of delta 12-PGJ2 is due to thiol-reactivity and intracellular GSH modulates the delta 12-PGJ2-induced apoptosis by regulating the accessibility of delta 12-PGJ2 to target proteins containing thiol groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University Medical College, Socho-Ku, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018053:Arsenites; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C017947:sodium arsenite; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; C040810:9-deoxy-9,10-didehydro-12,13-didehydro-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin D2; D003513:Cycloheximide; D005978:Glutathione; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; D000111:Acetylcysteine