title: Effects of succinic acid dimethyl ester infusion on metabolic, hormonal, and enzymatic variables in starved rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Succinic acid dimethyl ester (SAD) is efficiently metabolized in several cell types as pancreatic islet cells, hepatocytes, and colonocytes. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall nutritional value of SAD in the whole organism.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAD was infused at a rate of 80 micromol/g body weight per day in rats starved for either 2 or 4 days. For comparison, similar experiments were conducted in starved rats receiving an equimolar infusion of D-glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ester failed to prevent the starvation-induced fall in body weight, paraovarian fat mass, and liver or muscle protein content. The infusion of SAD minimized, however, the decrease in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, liver glycogen content, hepatic glucokinase activity, and islet secretory responsiveness to glucose, otherwise caused by starvation. Likewise, the infusion of SAD delayed the rise in free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate plasma concentration occurring during starvation. Nevertheless, SAD was less efficient than glucose, infused in an equimolar amount, in preventing the starvation-induced fall in liver glycogen content, decrease in the pancreatic B-cell secretory responsiveness to glucose, and stimulation of lipolysis and ketogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAD displays a significant nutritional value when infused in starved rats. It could thus be used as a tool to prevent the imbalance between ATP generation and use in selected metabolic situations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Erasmus Medical School, Brussels Free University, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ladriere
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Malaisse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013217:Starvation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013386:Succinates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D013386:Succinates; C056451:dimethyl succinate; D006593:Hexokinase; D005941:Glucokinase; D005947:Glucose