title: Prolactin hormone in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a possible relationship to disease activity and CNS manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this prospective study we aimed to determine serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations among patients with prepubertal juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their possible relationship to disease activity and/or manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum PRL was estimated by immunoradiometric assay in 33 prepubertal children with SLE and 20 healthy controls. Patients had complete clinical and laboratory investigations. Disease activity was evaluated using the Systemic Lupus Activity Measurement Index (SLAM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum PRL level was higher in juvenile SLE than healthy controls; however, the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between the serum PRL levels and total SLAM score among our patients. Serum PRL levels were significantly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = +0.352, p < 0.05) and inversely with each of total leukocyte count (r = -0.504, p < 0.01) and lymphocyte count (r = -0.408, p < 0.05). Hyperprolactinemia was found in 3 (9%) of the children with SLE but not in controls. All 3 patients with hyperprolactinemia (100%) had central nervous system (CNS) manifestations compared to only 3 (10%) patients (p < 0.003) with normal PRL level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a subset of juvenile SLE characterized by hyperprolactinemia and increased prevalence of CNS manifestations. A possible relationship between serum PRL concentrations and disease activity in juvenile SLE was found. Our data point to the importance of further studies of the role of PRL in immunomodulation of pediatric rheumatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Garf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaarawy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwer
mesh_terms: D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D011388:Prolactin