title: A comparison of two oral ketamine-diazepam regimens for sedating anxious pediatric dental patients.
abstract: This double-blind, crossover study assessed physiology and behaviour following administration of two oral ketamine-diazepam sedation regimens (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/ kg ketamine in conjunction with 0.1 mg/kg diazepam). Clinical success was achieved in 50% of sedations with 4 mg/kg and 78% of sedations with 8 mg/kg with no significant differences between the two regimens (Fisher's exact test). Within the crossover group, clinical success was achieved in 56% of sedations with 4 mg/kg and 87% of sedations with 8 mg/kg with no significant differences between the two regimens (Fisher's exact). Although clinically insignificant, ANOVA revealed statistical elevations in blood pressures and heart rates and decreases in oxygen saturations (P < 0.05). The 4-mg/kg regimen resulted in more negative behavior and less sleep. The 8-mg/kg regimen resulted in less negative behavior and more sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Reinemer
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D010100:Oxygen