title: Does the use of a tocolytic agent affect the success rate of external cephalic version?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to study the effect of ritodrine tocolysis on the success rate of external cephalic version at > or = 36 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized study. All patients were > or = 36 weeks' gestation, confirmed by early ultrasonography. External cephalic version assessment included nonstress testing before and after external cephalic version and ultrasonographic evaluation of type of breech, estimated fetal weight, position of placenta and fetal spine, and amniotic fluid index. Patients were excluded if the breech was not mobile or if they had any contraindications to tocolysis or external cephalic version. After randomization 283 patients received either ritodrine (111 micrograms/min) or identical placebo by intravenous infusion for > or = 20 minutes. Up to three attempts at external cephalic version under ultrasonographic surveillance were performed. With an alpha error of 0.05 and a beta of 0.2, 264 patients were required to complete this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between study groups in maternal age, body mass index, gestational age, amniotic fluid index, position of fetal spine, and placental location. Statistical analysis controlled for parity because parity had a major influence on success rates. There was a higher success rate in the group receiving ritodrine tocolysis (52% vs 42%, p = 0.028). Ritodrine improved success rates in nulliparous patients (43% vs 25%, p = 0.026) but not in parous subjects (66% vs 58%, p = 0.385).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ritodrine tocolysis improves the success rate of external cephalic version performed at > or = 36 weeks in nulliparous patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Marquette
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thériault
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rinfret
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001946:Breech Presentation; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012312:Ritodrine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015149:Tocolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014710:Version, Fetal
chemical_list: D015149:Tocolytic Agents; D012312:Ritodrine