title: MR angiography of normal intradural vessels of the thoracolumbar spine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and describe the normal intradural vessels detected on MR angiograms of the thoracolumbar spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult subjects who had clinical evidence of myelopathy, yet normal findings at spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA), were also studied without and with contrast-enhanced MR imaging and three-dimensional time-of-flight, single-slab MR angiography. Sagittal and coronal subvolume (targeted) maximum intensity projection images were compared with arterial and venous phase DSA images. Angiographic images were then compared with postmortem, formalin-fixed cord specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recognizable intradural vessels were detected only on contrast-enhanced MR angiograms. These vessels corresponded to the posterior and/or anterior median (midline) veins and the great medullary veins. The median veins had variable but mild tortuosity. The medullary veins, which extended from the median veins and coronal venous plexus on the cord surface to the epidural venous plexus, were relatively straight and usually located at T-12 or L-1. The anterior spinal artery could partially contribute to the anterior midline vascular signal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intradural vessels identified on contrast-enhanced MR angiograms are primarily veins, and these are usually the largest vessels on or near the cord surface. The limited number and minimal tortuosity of these veins may serve as a baseline for the examination of patients with clinically suspected arteriovenous malformation or fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DePrima
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pattany
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcillo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Quencer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013909:Thorax