title: Complications resulting from saphenous vein patch graft after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reducing surgical risks to the minimum in carotid endarterectomy has become crucial, especially with the results of recent clinical trials extending indications to asymptomatic patients. The use of the saphenous vein patch graft (SVPG) has been suggested to reduce early postoperative thrombosis and cerebral infarct as well as late recurrent stenosis. However, the exact risks and complications involved in this technique are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 23-year period (1972-1994), 2888 carotid endarterectomies with SVPG for primary carotid stenosis were performed by the Neurosurgical Cerebrovascular Service at the Mayo Clinic. The data from all patients were retrospectively analyzed, emphasizing postoperative complications related to SVPG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were five postoperative vein ruptures (0.17%), four cases of aneurysm formation, and three cases of deep infection necessitating surgical intervention. The vein patch ruptured in one male patient and four female patients (mean age, 69 yr). All ruptures occurred within 4 days of the primary operation, including two during the first 24 hours. All patients with rupture underwent emergency surgery and were found to have intact suture lines and tears in the middle of the grafts. Two patients recovered without deficits, one suffered major disability, and the other two died. Aneurysm of the patch developed in two male patients and two female patients (mean age, 71 yr). All of the patients developed painless pulsatile neck masses 1 to 9 years after the initial surgery; two also had recurrent ischemic symptoms. All of the patients with aneurysms underwent surgical correction without consequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the benefit of routine use of SVPG in carotid endarterectomy is still the focus of debate, this analysis showed that its use adds a small but definite risk of serious complications related to inherent weakness of the venous tissue. If a surgeon chooses to use a patch graft, our recommendation is for use of a synthetic material rather than vein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Piepgras
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D013536:Suture Techniques