title: The mitogen-activated protein kinases system (MAP kinase cascade): its role in skin signal transduction. A review.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are proline-directed kinases which are downstream components of a pathway involving p21ras and the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1. They represent an important link between the signal transduction processes at the level of the plasma membrane and the final nuclear events. Not only various growth factors and cytokines, but also other signals such as UV-light or extracellular matrix components are able to activate MAP kinases. We believe that the MAP kinase cascade may play a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation in human epidermis. In this review we summarize the rapidly increasing knowledge in this field of signal transduction and discuss some very recent results on MAP kinases and their role in skin biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Geilen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wieprecht
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Orfanos
mesh_terms: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases