title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) microsatellite haplotypes in relation to extended haplotypes, susceptibility to diseases associated with the major histocompatibility complex and TNF secretion.
abstract: TNFabc microsatellite haplotypes were determined on normal, type I diabetes and multiple sclerosis Caucasian MHC haplotypes in family studies. Although independent examples of conserved extended haplotypes usually had the same TNFabc haplotypes, there were a number of exceptions, suggesting that these loci are more mutable than most loci in the human MHC. Some TNFabc haplotypes were characteristic of only one extended haplotype, whereas others were shared by several different extended haplotypes. From the analysis of TNFabc on extended haplotype fragments, and assuming that the fragments arose by ancient homologous crossing over, it was possible to "map" TNF and how that it was somewhat closer to HLA-B than the complement region, corresponding to the physical map of this region. TNF haplotype associations with type I diabetes and multiple sclerosis were attributable to the known extended haplotype associations of these diseases. There was also a trend for higher TNF-alpha secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals homozygous for [HLA-B8, SC01, DR3] than from individuals homozygous for [HLA-B7, SC31, DR2].
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0114, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Merino
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alper
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usuku
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcus-Bagley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Awdeh
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yunis
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eisenbarth
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hauser
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004276:DNA, Satellite; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha