title: Skilled forelimb movements in prey catching and in reaching by rats (Rattus norvegicus) and opossums (Monodelphis domestica): relations to anatomical differences in motor systems.
abstract: Traditional anatomical/behavioral classifications suggest that rats and opossums have simple motor systems and are impoverished with respect to their ability to make prehensile movements. Nevertheless, the motor system in rats and opossums represent extremes in relative size and complexity suggesting that a behavioral analysis of the movement competencies of these species will provide insights into the significance of such anatomical differences. This paper examines the movements that the two species use in catching crickets and in reaching for food items. Both species could use a single limb to reach out and grasp prey during prey catching and both could use a single limb to take food from a shelf. Both species could transport the food to the mouth by using a single paw. The food handling behavior of the rats was more complex than that of the opossums, however. They used a variety of prey catching movements and extensively manipulated the prey to remove the legs and wings before eating only the head and body. Additionally the rats made rotatory limb movements of aiming, pronation, and supination, when reaching. For both cricket catching and reaching, they used their digits more than did the opossums. The suggestion also emerged from the results that the movements of the opossums were more fixed and species-typical whereas those of the rats were more plastic and individualistic. Thus, the skilled movements of both species are more complex than is generally recognized and the greater complexity of the rat movements parallels their more complex motor system. These results are discussed in relation to anatomical differences in the motor system and, specifically, to differences in the terminal fields of the pyramidal tract. It is concluded that the motor abilities of nonprimate mammals have been vastly underrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Canada.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ivanco
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pellis
authors.forename: I Q
authors.initials: IQ
authors.lastname: Whishaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009893:Opossums / Q000502:physiology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013045:Species Specificity