title: Transfacial transclival approach for midline posterior circulation aneurysms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of an anterior, transfacial transclival approach to midline posterior circulation aneurysms in five patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A skin incision is made on the right side of the nose with subsequent bony and cartilaginous disarticulation of the nasal complex. The nose remains attached along the left side and is reflected laterally. Removal of the nasal septum and bilateral ethmoidectomy, medial maxillectomy (usually bilateral), and opening of the sphenoid yield a large triangular exposure of the anterior clivus. After removal of the clivus with a drill, the vertebral and basilar arteries are exposed through a midline dural opening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The approach provided excellent exposure of basilar artery trunk aneurysms with room available for temporary clip placement in three patients. In a fourth patient, a midline posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm was clipped using this technique. A basilar trunk dissection was treated by proximal basilar occlusion through this exposure in a fifth patient. Although three patients developed transient cerebrospinal fluid leaks with symptoms of meningitis, no permanent neurological morbidity resulted from the use of the approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transfacial transclival approach to midline aneurysms of the basilar trunk and its branches provided excellent exposure for surgical treatment in five patients. No patient had postoperative palatal dysfunction and cosmetic results were excellent. Cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis continue to be the major drawbacks to the use of this approach, although the availability of modern broad-spectrum antibiotics lessens the chance of permanent neurological sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ogilvy
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cheney
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swearingen
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crowell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000601:surgery; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*