title: Design and development of an electromechanical ultrasound probe holder for urodynamics testing.
abstract: A prevalent difficulty in urodynamics studies employing ultrasonography is associated with the manual application of the imaging transducer to the perineum. We have developed an electromechanically operated device for remote positioning of an ultra-sound probe during voiding studies of the lower urinary tract. The mechanical arm holds the probe inside a funnel that is mounted underneath a modified portable commode on which the patient is seated. External manually operated mechanical slides are used to translate the probe along the three primary axes for initial lateral and vertical positioning. Backwards/forwards and left/right pivoting of the transducer is then accomplished via linear stepper motors that are operated with a hand-held controller. A preliminary evaluation has shown that the device is easy to use, safe, and allows excellent visualization of the bladder outlet and proximal urethra in both male and female patients. The capability to remotely adjust the imaging angle allows the patient to void in a more private setting behind a drawn curtain, thereby minimizing the psychological distress associated with this test and facilitating the acquisition of more physiological test results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kreder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siebes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018907:Privacy; D012371:Robotics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D014038:Toilet Facilities; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014563:Urodynamics