title: Induction and posttranslational expression of cytokines in a first-trimester trophoblast cell line by lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The response to infection by human first-trimester trophoblasts is a poorly understood event. This study was undertaken to determine whether first-trimester trophoblasts are capable of responding to an infection stimulus and mediating an immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  HTR-8/SVneo cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/ml) or media alone for either 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 24 hours. Northern analysis was conducted by use of a panel of antisense cytokine probes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for either interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, or transforming growth factor-beta 1 were conducted on corresponding cell culture supernatants, and the kinetics of expression were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 transcription occurred maximally between 2 and 8 hours of culture in media containing lipopolysaccharide, with a subsequent diminution of response. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis corroborated lipopolysaccharide induction seen at the level of transcription, with significant posttranslational expression of these cytokines being detected between 2 and 24 hours in culture (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 strongly support the contention that human first-trimester trophoblasts are capable of responding to an infection stimulus and eliciting an immune response through cytokine-based immune signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Svinarich
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Bitonti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonik
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta