title: An index of need for psychiatric services based on in-patient utilisation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The paper describes the development of an index of the relative need for psychiatric services for the purposes of distributing NHS funds in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on an empirical analysis of all psychiatric in-patient completed episodes in England in 1991/92. Any index of need should be independent of the effect of variations in health care supply on the use of psychiatric services. In order to disentangle the influences of supply from social and clinical determinants of utilisation, two stage least squares regression and multilevel modelling techniques were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outcome was an index comprising six health and socio-economic variables. This is now being used by the NHS Executive to distribute about pound 2.2 billion of annual NHS expenditure for psychiatric services between English health authorities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is shown that the index is much more sensitive to needs and therefore more redistributive than the previous index of need used in the NHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, University of St Andrews.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003361:Cost Allocation; D004739:England; D017050:Episode of Care; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000191:economics*; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics*; D014600:Utilization Review