title: Imaging osteomyelitis with streptavidin and indium-111-labeled biotin.
abstract: Animal studies of infection imaging by a two-step protocol have shown that important improvements in target to nontarget ratios are possible. In this protocol, unlabeled streptavidin is administered and allowed sufficient time to accumulate in the lesion, probably by nonspecific processes, and to clear elsewhere. Thereafter, 111Inbiotin is administered. A fraction of the labeled biotin may be retained in the lesion because of biotin's high affinity for streptavidin while most of the activity is cleared through the kidneys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radioscintigraphy with unlabeled streptavidin followed with 111Inlabeled biotin was performed in 15 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. As controls, each patients received either 111In-labeled biotin without the preadministration of streptavidin or 111In-labeled nonspecific IgG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regions of focal uptake were identified in all patients receiving streptavidin followed by radiolabeled biotin as early as 10 min postadministration of radioactivity, and retention of label was evident through 24 hr. Coincident regions of abnormal accumulation were apparent with 111In-IgG, but only in delayed images. Moreover, with 111In-biotin alone, without the preadministration of streptavidin, focal accumulations were detected in areas similar to that identified with the two-step protocol. Although, these observations were only in the earliest images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this preliminary clinical investigation suggest that a two-step protocol with unlabeled streptavidin and radiolabeled biotin may be an alternative for the detection of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusckowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paganelli
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hnatowich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Virzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fogarasi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiLeo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sudati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001710:Biotin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019809:Streptavidin
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D001710:Biotin; D019809:Streptavidin