title: The role of angiogenic factor bFGF in the development of dural AVFs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are known to be acquired disorders. Angiogenic stimulants, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), may be involved in the evolution of this disorder. We examined the appearance and localization of bFGF, in human dAVF sinuses, versus a control using immunohistochemical techniques, to evaluate these qualitative differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four human dural sinuses from dAVF patients, and one control dural sinus were removed at surgery or autopsy and used for this study. Immunohistochemistry for bFGF was performed in all five specimens to identify its appearance and localization. Immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin, factor VII related antigen, and macrophage (CD-68) were done in all tissues to identify the bFGF positive cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control dural sinus, there was negative staining by bFGF immunohistochemistry. However, in all four sinuses of the dAVF patients, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and meningeal cells were stained positively in various degrees by bFGF immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bFGF may be significant in the development of dAVFs, judging from its strong immunoreactivity in the sinuses of dAVF patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komai
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Halbach
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hieshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2