title: Torsion dystonia.
abstract: We review the experimental evidence from genetic and neurophysiological studies on idiopathic and secondary torsion dystonias. We also discuss the treatment of dystonia by botulinum toxin injections and surgical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berardelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Currà
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manfredi
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D004422:Dystonia Musculorum Deformans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins