title: Effects of growth hormone administration and dietary protein intake on insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA Expression in porcine liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.
abstract: The effects of growth hormone (GH) and dietary protein on expression of IGF-I and GH receptor (GHR) genes in liver, muscle, and fat of pigs were investigated. Forty-eight intact male Large White x Landrace pigs were allotted to eight treatment groups (four diets with or without GH). The pigs were restriction-fed one of four diets, which differed only in their protein content (9.9, 13.1, 16.2, and 19.4%, as-fed basis), for a total of 3 wk. The pigs were then injected intramuscularly with either porcine GH (50 micrograms.kg-1.d-1 of rpST) or vehicle for the last 7 d. Pigs were slaughtered 4 h after the final injection. Total RNA was extracted from all tissues and then RNase protection assays were performed to measure expression of IGF-I and GHR genes. Expression of IGF-I mRNA was found to be GH responsive in the liver, semitendinosus (ST), and adipose tissue (P < .01) but not in longissimus muscle (LD). Dietary protein increased IGF-I expression only in the adipose tissue (P < .01). Expression of class 2 transcripts of IGF-I were observed only in the livers of GH-treated pigs, with no effect of dietary protein. Expression of GHR mRNA was found to increase with GH administration in liver and skeletal muscle (LD and ST, P < .05) but not in adipose tissue. There were diet x GH interactions on GHR expression in liver, ST, and adipose tissue, resulting in the highest GHR expression being in the high protein-fed, GH-treated group for liver, but in the low protein-fed, GH-treated group for muscle and adipose tissue. This study demonstrates tissue-specific control of expression of the two genes and also tissue-specific promoter usage (IGF-I exon 2 in liver) in response to GH administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brameld
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Buttery
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gilmour
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005091:Exons; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; C051815:somatotropin-binding protein