Gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients taking antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants: survey of ASGE members. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is often required in patients taking aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or anticoagulants. Because proper guidelines are lacking, we believe that most endoscopists use their own criteria and judgment for stopping and restarting these agents during the periendoscopic period, and the practice varies widely. The aim of our study was to identify these practices among ASGE members.


METHODS
Questionnaires, each containing 22 questions with 157 responses, were sent to 3300 ASGE members, including all Gastroenterology Fellowship Program Directors. One thousand two hundred sixty-nine questionnaires were received and analyzed.


RESULTS
Physicians stopped aspirin and NSAIDs more frequently before colonoscopy (81%) and ERCP (79%) than before upper endoscopy (51%) (p < 0.001). Ninety percent of physicians stopped aspirin and NSAIDs for 10 or fewer days. Only 20% of physicians performed sphincterotomy when aspirin and NSAIDs were not stopped compared with 88% and 85% (p < 0.001 for both) of physicians performing cold biopsies at esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, respectively, and 77% and 69% performing hot biopsies for the same procedures (p < 0.001 for all compared with sphincterotomy). Depending on the indication for anticoagulation, 51% to 60% of physicians stopped warfarin before upper endoscopy; 71% to 82% before colonoscopy; and 26% to 51% of physicians used a "heparin window." All physicians restarted warfarin immediately after diagnostic endoscopy, whereas 80% restarted it 7 or fewer days after therapeutic endoscopy.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that a wide variation exists regarding the management of aspirin, NSAIDs, and anticoagulants in the periendoscopic period. There is a definite need for a consensus statement or guidelines for managing patients taking these agents.
Kadakia
S C
SC
Gastroenterology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas 78234-6200, USA.
Angueira
C E
CE
Ward
J A
JA
Moore
M
M
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D004176:Dipyridamole; D006493:Heparin; D001241:Aspirin