title: Pharmacokinetics of bumetanide in critically ill infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Define the pharmacokinetics of bumetanide after single intravenous doses in volume-overloaded critically ill infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, open-label study was carried out in a group of 58 infants aged 0 to 6 months who required diuretic therapy. Each patient received a single dose of intravenous bumetanide. Doses selected in sequential order ranged from 0.005 to 0.10 mg/kg. Hematologic and serum chemistry studies were performed before and at 6 and 24 hours after bumetanide administration. Determinations of urine volume and chemistries were performed before (collected from -2 to -4 hours to time 0) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours after bumetanide dosing. Serum samples collected at time 0 and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes and urine collected at time 0 and at 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 12 hours were analyzed for bumetanide concentration. Data were evaluated by standard noncompartmental pharmacokinetic techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak serum bumetanide concentrations occurred at 5 minutes after bumetanide administration. Area under the curve and peak serum bumetanide concentrations showed linear increases over the twentyfold dose range; whereas beta volume of distribution, volume of distribution at steady state, clearance, renal clearance, half-life, and mean residence time values were independent of dose. Peak urinary excretion rates of bumetanide increased linearly with increasing doses. The mean percent of bumetanide recovered in the urine from 0 to 12 hours was 40% +/- 15% of the administered dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distribution and elimination kinetics of bumetanide were similar in all patients. Elimination kinetics were first order over the dose range of 0.005 to 0.10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (beta volume of distribution, volume of distribution at steady state, clearance, renal clearance, half-life, and mean residence time) were independent of the dose of bumetanide administered. Single doses of bumetanide up to 0.10 mg/kg appear to be well tolerated in acutely ill volume-overloaded infants aged 0 to 6 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blumer
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016638:Critical Illness; D004232:Diuretics / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D002034:Bumetanide