title: Determination of fluoride from fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligature ties.
abstract: Unaesthetic white spot lesions or larger unsightly areas of decalcification around orthodontic brackets remain a significant problem during fixed appliance treatment. This study determined the in vitro fluoride release from 200 fluoride-containing elastomeric ligature ties. With the potentiometric analytic method, the fluoride release was determined in distilled water, for 10 groups of 20 elastomerics, representing the clinical usage in a patient. Readings were taken every 24 hours for 5 days and then every second week for 6 months. The data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. Fluor-I-Ties (Ortho Arch Company Inc., Hoffman Estates, III.) released significant amounts of fluoride compared with the control readings. The fluoride release was characterized by an initial burst of fluoride during the first day and second day, followed by a logarithmic decrease. By the end of the second week 88% of the total fluoride had been leached from the elastomerics, but adequate magnitudes of fluoride were released over the remainder of the test period to aid theoretically in the prevention of demineralization and enhance remineralization of enamel through calcium fluoride and fluorapatite formation. For optimum clinical benefit, Fluor-I-Ties should be replaced monthly. Future prospective longitudinal clinical studies are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wiltshire
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000378:metabolism; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000378:metabolism; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects; D011199:Potentiometry; D012408:Rubber / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D012408:Rubber; C025105:fluorapatite; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides