title: Increased resistance to 14 alpha-demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) in Aspergillus niger by coexpression of the Penicillium italicum eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase (cyp51) and the A. niger cytochrome P450 reductase (cprA) genes.
abstract: In this paper we describe the effects of over-expression of the Penicillium italicum gene encoding eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase (cyp51), in Aspergillus niger strains with one or multiple copies of the gene encoding cytochrome P450 reductase (cprA), on the eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase activity. Eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase activity was determined by measuring the resistance of transformants against some eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase inhibitors (DMIs). DMIs are widely used as fungicides in crop protection and human and veterinarian health care. DMI resistance in a transformant overexpressing both CPR and CYP51 was increased 5-30-fold compared to DMI resistance in the wild type strain, depending on the test compound used. Resistance in this strain was approximately 2-5-fold increased compared to DMI resistance in a transformant that was overexpressing the cyp51 gene but had only the wild type copy of the cprA gene and approximately 3-12-fold increased compared to a strain overexpressing the cprA gene (and having only the wild type copy of the cyp51 gene). These results show the importance of CPR overexpression for increasing cytochrome P450 activities in filamentous fungi.
authors.affiliation: TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics and Gene Technology, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. vandenBrink@voeding.tno.nl
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van den Brink
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van Nistelrooy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Waard
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van den Hondel
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: van Gorcom
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: C548418:CYP51A1 protein, human; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase