title: Bridge grafts of fibroblast growth factor-4-secreting schwannoma cells promote functional axonal regeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway of the adult rat.
abstract: Axons damaged in the adult mammalian central nervous system are able to regenerate when their inhibitory glial environment is replaced with a more permissive substrate. Here, we have used long oblique "bridge" grafts of fibroblast growth factor-4-transfected RN-22 schwannoma cells to allow mechanically lesioned nigrostriatal axons to regenerate back to their original target in the adult rat brain. Regenerated axons were able to leave the bridge graft to form terminal arborizations and increase the density of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres within the striatum. Bridge grafting also resulted in an increase in the number of neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta taking up the fluorescent retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold from the striatum. Animals which had received RN-22 bridge grafts showed lower rates of amphetamine-induced rotation 10 weeks after a mechanical lesion of the nigrostriatal tract compared to lesioned controls, the magnitude of the behavioural effect being related to the number of regenerated axons, and this comparative reduction was reversed by mechanical section of the bridge graft. It is concluded that our bridge grafting strategy allowed the partial anatomical and functional regeneration of the mechanically lesioned nigrostriatal tract, an unmyelinated central axon bundle, and that bridge grafting therefore represents a realistic approach to the repair of central nervous system lesions involving axon tract damage.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brecknell
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hlavin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dunnett
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fawcett
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine; D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology*; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013266:Stilbamidines; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000502:physiology*; D017783:Superior Cervical Ganglion / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; C496447:Fgf4 protein, rat; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D013266:Stilbamidines; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000661:Amphetamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase