title: 17 beta-estradiol increases calcium content in fetal mouse parietal bones cultured in serum-free medium only at physiological concentrations.
abstract: Using a bone organ culture system that shows mineralization in vitro, we investigated whether 17 beta-estradiol dose-dependently increases calcium content in cultured calvarial bones in serum-free medium. Fetal mouse parietal bones (3 x 3 mm) were cultured in phenol red-free BGJ medium containing phosphate (3-4 mmol/L), calcium (1-1.25 mmol/L), insulin (6 micrograms/ML), and transferrin (6 micrograms/mL) for 4-5 days. Under these culture conditions, the calcium content of the cultured bones (at dissection 34.0 +/- 4.6 micrograms/bone [mean +/- SD], n = 50) increased by 15-20 micrograms during 4-5 days of culture. 17 beta-Estradiol increased the calcium content significantly at 10(-12) to 10(-11) mol/L, but not at lower (10(113) mol/L) or higher (10(-10) to 10(-9) mol/L) concentrations. 17 alpha-Estradiol had no effect. The stimulatory effect of 17 beta-estradiol was completely inhibited by the antiestrogen agent ICI-182,780. The anabolic effect of 17 beta-estradiol was elicited not only in bones from females but also in those from males. 17 beta-Estradiol had no significant effect on 45Ca release from prelabeled parietal bones. Furthermore, light- and electron-microscopic examinations revealed that bone mineralization proceeded through formation of matrix vesicles, without any metastatic or dystrophic calcification. These in vitro findings suggest that 17 beta-estradiol elicits small, but reproducible, direct effects on calcium content in the parietal bones not only in female but also in male fetal mice at physiological-free E2 concentrations (10(-12)-10(-11) mol/L), which is attainable in serum of normal human subjects. In contrast to in vivo studies, pharmacological doses of 17 beta-estradiol had no anabolic effect on parietal bones. The mechanism of such a biphasic effect of estrogens remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nohtomi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shizume
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanatani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyoki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ejiri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D010710:Phosphates; D004958:Estradiol; D002118:Calcium