title: Protein aspartate phosphatases control the output of two-component signal transduction systems.
abstract: Phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of an aspartate regulates the output activity of the response regulator of two-component signaling systems. Signal input in these systems is dependent on signal-transducing kinases, which can respond to a variety of signal ligands and, in some cases, to small phosphorylated metabolic intermediates. The kinase component of many two-component signaling systems also displays a response regulator-phosphate phosphatase activity that inactivates the response regulator in response to signals. Newly discovered kinase-independent phosphatases allow additional signals to influence the extent of response-regulator phosphorylation. Such phosphatases are prevalent in signal transduction systems controlling complex processes, such as the initiation of development in microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. mperego@scripps.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoch
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C085800:modF protein, E coli; C075519:rapA protein, Bacillus subtilis; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; C091155:rapB protein, Bacillus subtilis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases