title: Recent advances in ceramics for dentistry.
abstract: For the last ten years, the application of high-technology processes to dental ceramics allowed for the development of new materials such as heat-pressed, injection-molded, and slip-cast ceramics and glass-ceramics. The purpose of the present paper is to review advances in new materials and processes available for making all-ceramic dental restorations. Concepts on the structure and strengthening mechanisms of dental ceramics are provided. Major developments in materials for all-ceramic restorations are addressed. These advances include improved processing techniques and greater mechanical properties. An overview of the processing techniques available for all-ceramic materials is given, including sintering, casting, machining, slip-casting, and heat-pressing. The most recent ceramic materials are reviewed with respect to their principal crystalline phases, including leucite, alumina, forsterite, zirconia, mica, hydroxyapatite, lithium disilicate, sanidine, and spinel. Finally, a summary of flexural strength data available for all-ceramic materials is included.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Section of Restorative, Prosthodontics, and Endodontics, Columbus 43210-1241, USA.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Deany
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003461:Crystallography; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017633:Magnesium Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013674:Technology, Dental; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003764:Dental Materials; D017633:Magnesium Silicates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; C078519:leucite; C005013:Florisil; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D017886:Durapatite; C016024:orthoclase; D008094:Lithium; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide; C011934:mica