title: Ultrastructure of the crotaline snake infrared pit receptors: SEM confirmation of TEM findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crotaline snakes possess a pair of infrared-sensing pit organs that aid the eyes in the detection and apprehension of prey. The morphology of the receptors in the pit organs has been studied by light and transmission electron microscopy, and the ultrastructure of the receptors has been inferred from the results of this work. But this theoretical reconstruction has never been confirmed by any kind of three-dimensional imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated the receptor-containing membrane of the pit organs with potassium hydroxide to remove collagen and expose the receptors, which we then viewed by scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to obtain three-dimensional views of all structures previously reported to exist within the receptor-containing membrane: terminal nerve masses formed from free nerve endings, supporting Schwann cells within the nerve masses, unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers, a capillary bed, and vacuole cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By providing the first three-dimensional views of the infrared receptors, we have confirmed that previous theoretical reconstructions of the receptors were substantially correct and have provided new evidence of the spatial arrangement of the receptors in a monolayer array.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiki
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Goris
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atobe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
mesh_terms: D017836:Agkistrodon / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*