title: Serum interleukin-6 levels after urologic operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endourology, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and laparoscopic surgery are considered minimally invasive procedures; however, estimation of operative invasiveness has not been fully accomplished. We measured serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, as an indicator for systemic reaction, to examine operative invasiveness of these operations in comparison with open surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IL-6 levels were measured in 119 patients undergoing open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, endourology, and ESWL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median IL-6 levels on day 1 after the operation varied according to operative procedures: 83.5 pg/mL (range, 15-340 pg/mL) for open surgery, 24.8 pg/mL (range, 12-42 pg/mL) for laparoscopic surgery, and 10.8 pg/mL (range, 0-85 pg/mL) for endourology and ESWL. The extent of tissue injury and blood loss were found to be 2 major factors responsible for the serum IL-6 elevation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimally invasive character of endourology, ESWL, and laparoscopic surgery is attributable to low levels of tissue injury and blood loss, regardless of operative time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004724:Endoscopy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6