title: Role of human liver microsomal CYP2C9 in the biotransformation of lornoxicam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The nature of the enzyme(s) catalysing the biotransformation of lornoxicam to one of its major metabolites, 5'-hydroxy-lornoxicam, has been investigated in human liver microsomes. The reaction kinetics were characterised, the affinity of lornoxicam for three major human drug metabolising cytochrome P-450 isozymes (CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) was determined, and inhibition of the reaction by known substrates (diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, phenytoin, tolbutamide and warfarin) and the prototype inhibitor (sulphaphenazole) of CYP2C9 was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lornoxicam 5'-hydroxylation displayed single enzyme Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with a KM of 3.6 mu mol center dot l-1 and a Vmax of 2.6 nmol center dot h-1 center dot mg-1 microsomal protein. The apparent affinity of lornoxicam was high for CYP2C9, but negligible for CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Inhibition of lornoxicam 5'-hydroxylation by CYP2C9 substrates and sulphaphenazole competitively and completely inhibited lornoxicam 5'-hydroxylation (Ki = 0.31 mu mol center dot l-1 as well as lornoxicam clearance (Ki = 0.33 mu mol center dot l-1), partial metabolic clearance (fm) = 0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5'-Hydroxylation appears to be the only cytochrome P-450 catalysed metabolic reaction of lornoxicam by human liver microsomes and this major in vivo biotransformation pathway is catalysed virtually exclusively by CYP2C9.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pain Clinic, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonnabry
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leemann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dayer
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001711:Biotransformation; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000502:physiology*; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; C059451:lornoxicam