title: Climacteric symptoms in a postmenopausal Czech population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of climacteric symptoms and the use of hormone replacement therapy in a former eastern European country. All 55-, 57-, 59- and 61-year-old women in Kladno in the Czech Republic were asked to participate in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1993, 1505 women in Kladno of the Czech Republic were sent a postal questionnaire concerning age at menopause and their climacteric symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Answers were received from 799 women (53%); 98% were postmenopausal. The median age at spontaneous menopause was 50 years, 49.5 years among women smoking at least 5 cigarettes/day and 51.0 years among non-smokers (P < 0.05). About every fifth woman smoked. Totally 22% of the women had undergone hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy and 3% had been treated for a gynaecological malignancy. The majority of the women (58%) reported ongoing vasomotor symptoms; half of them had moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms. In all, 79% of the women reported ever having vasomotor symptoms. Only 3% of the women had ever tried hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and one woman had current treatment. Dysuria was reported by 22% and 4% had recurrent urinary tract infections; 70% of the women had a partner and 50% were sexually active. Reasons for not being sexually active were mostly lack of a partner, loss of sexual desire or partner's disease or impotence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Climacteric symptoms including vasomotor and urogenital symptoms had the same prevalence in the Czech Republic as previously reported in other Western Countries. Only a few women had tried HRT. Smokers had a slightly earlier menopause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Linkoping, Linkoping, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nedstrand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pertl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002979:Climacteric / Q000502:physiology*; D018153:Czech Republic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000502:physiology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000502:physiology