title: Association of depressive symptoms and school adolescents' smoking: a cross-lagged analysis.
abstract: This study examined the association of depressive symptoms of adolescents and their smoking behavior. A national cohort sample of school adolescents (N = 5,855) who participated in the 1989 and 1993 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey was obtained. The information from this survey included measures of smoking behavior and a series of factors related to depressive symptoms during a 3-yr. span. A cross-lagged analysis with Kendall tau b correlations was used. Judging from the magnitude of the cross-lagged correlations, the direction of causation cannot be ascertained. Rather, a reciprocal relationship between depression and smoking may be suggested.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: M Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Fitzhugh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Westerfield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*