title: Selective use of preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of possible common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of 609 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out in relation to the use of selective preoperative ERCP for detection of common duct stones. Preoperative ERCP was performed if there is or has been (1) cholangitis, biliary pancreatitis, or jaundice; (2) abnormal serum liver tests or (3) ultrasonogram showing a dilated CBD or ductal stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 139 patients underwent preoperative ERCP, and cannulation of CBD was successful in 133 patients (96%). CBD stones were found in 60 patients (45%) and extracted after sphincterotomy. High prevalence of CBD stones was noted in patients with acute cholangitis and CBD stones on ultrasonogram. There were six endoscopic sphincterotomy-related complications (complication rate, 4.5%): bleeding (2), pancreatitis (3), retroduodenal perforation (1). No patient required surgery as the result of a complication. The prediction of the occurrence of ductal stones was further analyzed using stepwise logistic regression. Acute cholangitis and CBD stones on ultrasonogram were shown to be independent significant risk factors with odds ratios of 8.9 and 13.5, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With selective preoperative ERCP, suspected CBD stones can be identified and removed prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic