title: The effect of a 4-mg preoperative intravenous dose of ondansetron in preventing nausea and vomiting after maxillofacial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of a preoperative 4-mg dose of ondansetron given intravenously in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after maxillofacial surgery was evaluated in a double-blind randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients had intravenous ondansetron, and an equal number had normal saline as a placebo immediately before induction of anesthesia. After intubation, a nasogastric tube was inserted, and general anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone, suxamethonium, fentanyl, nitrous oxide, enflurane, and vecuronium. Anesthesia lasted more than 1 hour in all patients. Postoperatively, episodes of vomiting were recorded, and nausea was assessed on a visual analog scale at 1, 4, and 24 hours from the time of awakening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients in the ondansetron group, compared with six in the placebo group, had nausea, and six in the ondansetron group and three in the placebo group vomited. Of the six patients who vomited in the ondansetron group, five vomited more than 8 hours from the injection of ondansetron. No significant adverse effects could be directly attributable to ondansetron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four milligrams ondansetron given intravenously preoperatively was ineffective in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting after maxillofacial surgery. Possibly, a larger dose or a second dose given 8 hours after the first dose may be effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007570:Jaw Cysts / Q000601:surgery; D007573:Jaw Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000379:methods; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017294:Ondansetron