title: A device for the measurement of pedicle screw moments by means of internal strain gauges.
abstract: Pedicle screws are commonly used in spinal reconstruction, and failure of pedicle screws due to bending is a significant clinical problem. To measure the moments typically placed on pedicle screws in situ we instrumented 7 mm Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) pedicle screws with internally mounted strain gauges. The screws were designed to measure flexion-extension moments at a single cross-section as dictated by strain gauge placement. It is possible to measure moments of up to 12 Nm at any location along the length of the screw by constructing transducers with varying strain gauge placements. These transducers are capable of measuring moments at points located within the vertebra including the pedicle, which is where failure usually occurs clinically. Transducer output was both linear and reproducible. These transducers are being used to investigate the load transfer characteristics between the pedicle screw and the vertebra. This technique could be applied to investigations of load sharing in reconstruction plates, lag-screws, and cross-locked intramedullary nails.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yerby
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: McLain
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: McKinley
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000592:standards*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D014159:Transducers