title: Isohemagglutinins and xenoreactive antibodies: members of a distinct family of natural antibodies.
abstract: Just as anti-blood group A and anti-blood group B antibodies pose a strong humoral barrier to the transplantation of allogeneic organs or blood, xenoreactive natural antibodies directed against Gal alpha 1-3Gal pose a barrier to the transplantation of xenogeneic organs or blood. We tested the idea that, although "natural" iso-hemagglutinins and xenoreactive natural antibodies recognize distinct structures, they have a similar origin and function. Anti-A antibodies, anti-B antibodies, and xenoreactive natural antibodies were present in serum at similar concentrations and varied with age, gender, and the concentration of total IgM in serum in a similar manner. Anti-A antibodies, anti-B antibodies, and xenoreactive natural antibodies, unlike some elicited antibodies, had a high degree of thermal lability and bound more avidly at lower temperatures. The natural antibodies manifest remarkable homogeneity and high functional avidity for determinants on a cell surface but only a weak affinity for monovalent ligands. These findings suggest that anti-A antibodies, anti-B antibodies, and xenoreactive natural antibodies specific for Gal alpha 1-3Gal have a common origin and function and, given similar antigen density on target cells, provide similar humoral barriers to transplantation or transfusion and that these antibodies may be members of a common "family" of antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lundberg-Swanson
authors.forename: Z E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Holzknecht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lateef
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Braedehoeft
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile / Q000737:chemistry*; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000737:chemistry; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000737:chemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile; D004187:Disaccharides; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; C056853:6-O-galactopyranosylgalactose