title: Synergistic up-regulation of the myeloid-specific promoter for the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor by AML1 and the t(8;21) fusion protein may contribute to leukemogenesis.
abstract: AML1 is involved in the (8;21) translocation, associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)-type M2, which results in the production of the AML1-ETO fusion protein: the amino-terminal 177 amino acids of AML1 and the carboxyl-terminal 575 amino acids of ETO. The mechanism by which AML1-ETO accomplishes leukemic transformation is unknown; however, AML1-ETO interferes with AML1 transactivation of such AML1 targets as the T-cell receptor beta enhancer and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter. Herein, we explored the effect of AML1-ETO on regulation of a myeloid-specific AML1 target, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor promoter. We found that AML1-ETO and AML1 work synergistically to transactivate the M-CSF receptor promoter, thus exhibiting a different activity than previously described. Truncation mutants within the ETO portion of AML1-ETO revealed the region of ETO necessary for the cooperativity between AML1 and AML1-ETO lies between amino acids 347 and 540. Endogenous M-CSF receptor expression was examined in Kasumi-1 cells, derived from a patient with AML-M2 t(8;21) and the promonocytic cell line U937. Kasumi-1 cells exhibited a significantly higher level of M-CSF receptor expression than U937 cells. Bone marrow from patients with AML-M2 t(8;21) also exhibited a higher level of expression of M-CSF receptor compared with normal controls. The upregulation of M-CSF receptor expression by AML1-ETO may contribute to the development of a leukemic state in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hiebert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nucifora
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tenen
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000075142:RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000075142:RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; C082222:RUNX1T1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor