title: Strong ion difference approach to acid-base imbalances with clinical applications to dogs and cats.
abstract: Stewart's strong ion difference, first introduced more than 10 years ago, offers an innovative approach for the analysis of non-respiratory acid-base disorders. This article addresses the concept of strong ion difference and discusses its clinical applications. A brief review of base excess and anion gap is also included. Clinical cases are provided to demonstrate a step-by-step method using strong ion difference to evaluate nonrespiratory acid-base imbalances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000137:Acid-Base Imbalance / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs