Pharmacokinetics of once-daily IP gentamicin in CAPD patients.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of once-daily intraperitoneal (IP) gentamicin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.


METHODS
Prospective, nonrandomized, open study.


METHODS
CAPD outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital.


METHODS
Ten volunteer CAPD patients without peritonitis.


METHODS
Each patient received a single IP dose of 0.6 mg/kg of gentamicin. Blood and dialysate samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6 (end of first dwell), and 24 hours after the administration of IP gentamicin. Any urine produced over the 24-hour study period was also collected. The dialysate concentration/time data were fitted to a monoexponential curve for all patients.


RESULTS
The bioavailability was 56 +/- 11% over a six-hour dwell. The mean serum elimination half-life (t1/2) was 35.8 hours. The volume of distribution was 0.23 +/- 0.08 L/kg. Equilibration of gentamicin across the peritoneal membrane was rapid, with a t1/2 equilibration of 4.5 hours. The peritoneal clearance was 5.74 +/- 1.5 mL/min. Patients-with residual renal function had significantly higher systemic gentamicin clearances (7.36 +/- 1.46 mL/min) than those of anuric patients (4.76 +/- 1.08 mL/min, p < 0.024).


CONCLUSIONS
Currently recommended doses of once-daily IP gentamicin for the treatment of peritonitis may not produce the desired therapeutic serum and dialysate concentrations over 24 hours for effective treatment of peritonitis.
Low
C L
CL
Albany College of Pharmacy, New York 12208, USA.
Bailie
G R
GR
Evans
A
A
Eisele
G
G
Venezia
R A
RA
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001682:Biological Availability; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D011446:Prospective Studies
D005839:Gentamicins