title: Aprotinin in primary valve replacement and reconstruction: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients having cardiac operations often require blood transfusions. Aprotinin reduces the need for blood transfusions during coronary artery bypass graft operations. To determine the safety and effectiveness of aprotinin in reducing the use of allogeneic blood and postoperative mediastinal chest tube drainage, we studied 212 patients undergoing primary sternotomy for valve replacement or repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. Patients received high-dose aprotinin (n = 71), low-dose aprotinin (n = 70), or placebo (n = 71). The study medication was given as a loading dose followed by a continuous infusion and pump prime dose. Heparin administration was standardized. Transfusions, postoperative mediastinal shed blood, and adverse events were tracked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic profiles were similar among the treatment groups. Aprotinin did not decrease the percentage of patients receiving transfusions when compared with placebo (high-dose aprotinin, 63%, p = 0.092; low-dose aprotinin, 52%, p = 0.592; placebo, 48%). Aprotinin was associated with a reduction in the volume of mediastinal shed blood (high-dose aprotinin vs placebo, p = 0.002; low-dose aprotinin vs placebo, p = 0.017). Adverse events were equally distributed among the treatment groups except for postoperative renal dysfunction (high-dose aprotinin, 11%; low-dose aprotinin, 7%; placebo, 0%; p = 0.01). A disproportionate number of patients in the high-dose aprotinin group with postoperative renal dysfunction also had diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aprotinin treatment in this population did not reduce allogeneic blood use, although there were significant reductions in the volume of mediastinal shed blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114-2696, USA.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: D'Ambra
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Akins
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bonney
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maddi
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D015505:Chest Tubes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004322:Drainage; D004911:Erythrocyte Volume; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin