title: Convex spinal epiphysiodesis in the management of progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review of patient records with current clinical and radiographic assessment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term result of anterior and posterior convex spinal growth arrest, with or without instrumentation, in managing infantile idiopathic scoliosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There were 12 male and 10 female patients studied, with a mean follow-up period of 10 years, 9 months. The mean Cobb angle before surgery was 65 degrees. All had a rib vertebral angle difference more than 20 degrees. The mean age at surgery was 6 years. Nine patients had epiphysiodesis alone; nine patients also underwent Harrington instrumentation simultaneously, and four underwent Harrington instrumentation 2-4 years later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical evaluation and sequential measurements of Cobb angle were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The epiphysiodesis-only group had a mean preoperative Cobb angle of 72 degrees, mean progression of curves of +12 degrees, and mean rate of progression of +2.5 degrees per year: the group's postoperative figures were 92 degrees, +15 degrees, and +3 degrees per year, respectively. The epiphysiodesis and late Harrington rod group had a mean preoperative Cobb angle of 56 degrees, mean progression of +12 degrees, and a mean rate of progression of +5 degrees per year; the group's postoperative Cobb angle averaged 62 degrees, progression +6 degrees, and rate of progression +1 degree per year. The epiphysiodesis with simultaneous Harrington rod group had a preoperative mean Cobb angle of 60 degrees, mean progression of +18 degrees, and mean rate of progression of +6 degrees per years. After surgery, these improved to 58 degrees, correction of 2 degrees, and rate of correction of 0.5 degree per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined anterior and posterior convex spinal growth arrest alone does not prevent progression of deformity in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. The addition of posterior instrumentation can slow or arrest deformity progression but not reverse it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, England.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piggott
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome