Four-hour voiding observation in healthy infants.
OBJECTIVE
We present the 4-hour voiding observation as a method for basic assessment of bladder function in infants and nontoilet trained children.


METHODS
Voiding pattern, including number of voidings, voided volume, bladder capacity and residual urine for 4 hours, was determined noninvasively in 43 healthy infants.


RESULTS
The infants voided an average of 1 time per hour but with great variability. Bladder capacity increased with age according to the formula, 38 + 2.5 x age (months). Mean residual urine plus or minus standard deviation was 4.6 +/- 3.0 ml. In all infants residual volume was less than 5 ml. at least once during observation.


CONCLUSIONS
The 4-hour voiding observation is an easy noninvasive method of characterizing the voiding pattern, focusing especially on emptying difficulties, in infants and nontoilet trained children.
Holmdahl
G
G
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Hanson
E
E
Hanson
M
M
Hellström
A L
AL
Hjälmås
K
K
Sillén
U
U
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*