title: Endothelins induce Fos expression in neurons and glia in organotypic cultures of rat cerebellum.
abstract: Endothelins (ETs) and their receptors are present in high levels in the brain and have been proposed to act as neuromodulators or neurotransmitters. However, neither their role nor their precise mechanism of action in the brain is understood. In this study, c-fos expression was used as a marker of neuronal activation in organotypic cultures of rat cerebellum. ETs induced Fos protein expression in both granule cells and glia but not in Purkinje cells. Granule cells and glia were both very sensitive to ETs, but different receptor subtypes appeared to be involved, because granule cells did not respond to ET-3. However, they did respond to the ETB-selective agonist BQ3020, suggesting the possible existence of a novel neuronal ETB-like receptor. The induction of Fos in granule cells was independent of extracellular calcium ion concentration, but the ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene significantly inhibited the response to ETs, suggesting that the mobilisation of calcium ions from intracellular stores is important. These data support previous evidence that ETs act directly on neurones and show that the intracellular pathways after ET receptor activation are complex. It appears likely that ETs play an important neuromodulatory role in the cerebellum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, England.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D019333:Endothelin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D019334:Endothelin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019333:Endothelin-2; D019334:Endothelin-3; D016232:Endothelins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C075771:BQ 3020; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)