title: Monitoring thrombin generation with prothrombin fragment 1.2 assay during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
abstract: Despite high plasma levels of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, activation of the coagulation system has been reported. We hypothesize that the coagulation system activity most appropriately could be assessed by molecular markers of thrombin generation. The aim of the present study was to describe the changes in thrombin generation during CPB, using prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 (F1.2) as an indicator and evaluate different blood sampling regimens for interpretation of the F1.2 measurements. Twenty patients, operated under extracorporeal circulation with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), comprised the study material. The heparin levels were maintained above 2.5 IU/ml throughout the bypass procedure and the functional AT-III level was kept above 0.5 U/ml. Despite of this anticipated inactivation of the coagulation system, the concentrations of F1.2 and FpA increased throughout CPB, particularly after release of the aortic crossclamp. F1.2 and FpA correlated significantly (R = 0.69). No statistically significant correlation was found between F1.2 formation rate and age, bodyweight, baseline ACT, ACT after 200 IU heparin/kg, average heparin concentration during CPB or average AT-III level during CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombin formation seems to be a continuous process during CPB despite adequate heparinization. The pattern of thrombin generation can be assessed most appropriately in terms of F1.2 generation rate. Extraordinary high levels of F1.2 were seen after release of the aortic crossclamp, indicating that the periods before and after aortic crossclamping should be evaluated separately.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. skejlars@aau.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hasenkam
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kure
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellaiche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahlburg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Djurhuus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001011:Aorta; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D005344:Fibrinopeptide A / Q000032:analysis; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D005344:Fibrinopeptide A; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin