title: Radiation absorbed dose estimates for [1-carbon-11]-glucose in adults: the effects of hyperinsulinemia.
abstract: As preparation for studies of blood-brain glucose transport in diabetes mellitus, radiation absorbed dose estimates from intravenous administration of [1-(11)C]-glucose for 24 internal organs, lens, blood and total body were calculated for three physiologic conditions: euinsulinemic euglycemia, hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulated activities in blood, Insulin-independent and insulin-dependent compartments were calculated from blood time-activity curves in normal human volunteers and macaques. Apportionment of cumulated activity to individual organs in insulin-dependent and insulin-independent compartments was based on previously published data. Absorbed doses were calculated with the computer program MIRDOSE 3 for the 70-kg adult phantom. S for blood was calculated separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heart wall lungs and spleen were the organs receiving the highest dose. The effect of hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated by the increase in absorbed dose to the muscle, heart and blood with a decrease to other internal organs. This effect was more pronounced during hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia. Hyperinsulinemia produced a decrease in effective dose due to the decrease in cumulated activity in organs with specified weighting factors greater than 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effective dose per study for [1-(11)C]-glucose is comparable to that reported for 2-deoxy-[2-(18)F]-glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001822:Body Burden; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005947:Glucose