title: Characteristics of fetal heart rate changes during the expulsive stage of bovine parturition in relation to fetal outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns of nonacidotic (N-AC) and acidotic (AC) calves during the expulsive stage of parturition.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 calves born to heifers, either unassisted or by moderate traction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiotocograms (CTG) evaluated qualitatively (visual) and quantitatively by a moving window technique (width 10, shift 5 minutes) for baseline FHR, variability, and periodic alterations (accelerations and decelerations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were apparent between increase in baseline FHR of N-AC and AC calves; change in FHR (delta-FHR), taking into account individual FHR, is a more discriminating parameter. The predominant reaction to uterine contraction is a decrease in FHR; variable decelerations were the most common type in both groups, and late decelerations were seen only in AC calves. Additional characteristics of variable decelerations were more frequently seen in AC calves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTG parameters during expulsion can discriminate between AC and N-AC calves, but specific characteristics are not exclusively restricted to AC or N-AC calves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTG recordings during bovine parturition in cattle provide information on the fetal condition and can be used in the future to study the effects of medication and manipulations to the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herd Health and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Van Geijn
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rausch
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Van der Weijden
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taverne
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine