title: Feasibility of aortic diameter measurement by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography for preoperative selection and preparation of homograft aortic valves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative knowledge of the aortic annular diameter could enable the preoperative selection and preparation of an appropriately sized homograft aortic valve.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to prospectively determine whether the combined use of transthoracic and multiplane transesophageal echocardiography allows accurate preoperative aortic annular measurements for the selection and preparation of adequately sized homograft aortic valves and to retrospectively evaluate the influence of the echocardiographic approach (transthoracic vs transesophageal) and the reader's level of experience on the accuracy of these measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aortic annular measurements were performed before the operation by an experienced reader who used a combination of transthoracic and multiplane transesophageal images of 25 patients (mean age 52 +/- 13 years) referred for homograft aortic valve replacement. Measurements were also performed retrospectively by three additional readers with different levels of training in echocardiography. These readers acquired aortic annular diameters from prerecorded tapes and obtained measurements from each echocardiographic modality independently. All values were compared with the surgical measurement obtained with a ring valve sizer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the combined echocardiographic approach, excellent agreement was found between preoperative echocardiographic and surgical measurements (mean difference +/- 2 standard deviations = 0.2 +/- 1.4 mm). All echocardiographic data were found to be within 2 mm of the surgical measurement. These measurements were used to select and prepare the aortic homograft valve before insertion. The accuracy of annular measurements appeared to increase in parallel to the level of experience. The aortic annular measurements obtained retrospectively by a second experienced reader were more accurate with the use of transesophageal than with transthoracic echocardiography (p < 0.01). In contrast, the echocardiographic modality had no influence on the accuracy of measurements of less experienced readers (p > 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative measurement of the aortic annular diameter by transthoracic and multiplane transesophageal echocardiography is accurate and clinically feasible. Preoperative knowledge of the aortic annular diameter may be used to select and prepare the aortic homograft, improving valve availability and reducing ischemic time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Ill., USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vignon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous