title: Development of the Chitra tilting disc heart valve prosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The high prevalence of rheumatic valvular disease in the young population and the high cost of imports necessitated the development of an Indian valve. The development of a tilting disc prosthesis was successfully concluded in February 1995, when the third model completed its clinical trial. The tilting disc valve has an integrally machined cobalt alloy cage, an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene disc and a polyester suture ring. The choice of design was based on its superior hydrodynamics and the age distribution of patients, the majority of whom were below 30 years. The polymer-metal combination was selected for its extremely low wear rate and proven durability in the human body.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hydrodynamic performance was tested under steady and pulsatile flow conditions. The accelerated durability of nine test valves was evaluated at 800-840 cycles/min for over 350 million cycles each. Size 23 mm valves mere implanted in the mitral position of five sheep. In a clinical trial, 306 patients with isolated mitral or aortic valve replacements were followed up for a total of 371 patient years (mean 1.37 years and range 0-4 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hydrodynamic performance was comparable to that of proven clinical models. The accelerated testing indicated lifetimes in excess of 50 years and the animal trials showed the valve to be safe. In the clinical trial, there was no incidence of structural failure or paravalvular leak. The linearized rate of late thromboembolism was 6.2%/patient-year (pty), anticoagulant related hemorrhage 0.54%/pty and infective endocarditis 0.54%/pty. At two years, the total actuarial survival was 89.5%. The higher incidence of thromboembolism and the very low incidence of anticoagulant related hemorrhage illustrate the difficulty in the management of anticoagulant therapy in a developing country, while the low incidence of endocarditis reflects their greater resistance to infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data clearly showed the valve to be safe and comparable to other similar valves in clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Artificial Internal Organs, Sree Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bhuvaneshwar
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Muraleedharan
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Valiathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve; D004452:Echocardiography; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008422:Materials Testing; D008943:Mitral Valve; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011312:Pressure; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012756:Sheep