title: 'Regeneration' of wing bud stumps of chick embryos and reactivation of Msx-1 and Shh expression in response to FGF-4 and ridge signals.
abstract: We examined systematically the ability of chick limb bud stumps to regenerate distal structures when fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-4 is applied. When amputations were made within 600 mu m of the tip and FGF-4 applied either posteriorly or both apically and posteriorly, outgrowth of stump tissues occurred and a virtually complete skeleton developed. 'Regeneration' of distal structures was correlated with reactivation of Msx-1 and Shh expression. At proximal amputation levels where FGF-4 did not lead to 'regeneration', neither Msx-1 nor Shh expression was induced. We also grafted cells from progressively more proximal levels of mouse limb buds to chick wing bud tips beneath the apical ridge and the pattern of reactivation of Msx-1 expression along the proximal distal axis of the limb buds was similar to that found in chick limb buds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostakopoulou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brickell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tickle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D051379:Mice; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: C496446:Fgf4 protein, mouse; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors