title: Dietary Spirulina platensis enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune functions in chickens.
abstract: Cornell K-strain White Leghorns and broiler chicks were raised to 7 wks and 3 wks of age respectively, with diets containing various levels (0, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ppm) of Spirulina platensis from day of hatch. Chicks in all treatment groups had comparable body weights. While bursal and splenic weights did not change, the K-strain chicks had larger thymuses (P < or = .05) over the controls (0 ppm group). No differences were observed in anti-sheep red blood cells antibodies during primary response. However, during secondary response, K-strain chicks in all Spirulina-dietary groups had higher total anti-SRBC titers with 10,000 ppm group being the highest (6.8 Log2) versus the 0 ppm (5.5 Log2) group. In broiler chicks, a one Log increase in IgG (P < or = .05) was observed in 10,000 ppm group over the controls. Similarly, chicks in 10,000 ppm Spirulina group had a higher PHA-P-mediated lymphoproliferative response over the 0 ppm controls. Macrophages isolated from both K-strain (10,000 ppm group) and broilers from all Spirulina groups had higher phagocytic potential than the 0 ppm groups. Spirulina supplementation at 10,000 ppm level also increased NK-cell activity by two fold over the controls. These studies show that Spirulina supplementation increases several immunological functions implying that a dietary inclusion of Spirulina at a level of 10,000 ppm may enhance disease resistance potential in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Garlich
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kidd
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic