title: Successful implementation of laboratory budget holding by Pegasus Medical Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of budget holding by Pegasus Medical Group for laboratory services expenditure and reasons for the successes observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two pilot groups and a nonpilot group of general practitioners were formed with the pilots receiving active feedback, educational programmes and test form redesign within the incentive of savings being retained by the group for improved primary care services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall savings of 22.7% were achieved within the budget over a 13 month period. There was a highly significant reduction in expenditure per member especially in the mean and standard deviation of cost per consultation indicating a marked narrowing of the variance in cost between members in the pilot groups compared with the nonpilot group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study illustrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive strategy of education, active feedback and test form redesign and especially the importance of the incentive of retaining budgetary savings for service improvements. It also illustrates the importance of collaborative as compared with competitive strategies in achieving cost control and value for money gains in health services. However, more work is needed to establish the appropriateness of lower laboratory expenditure by linking test requests to diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Pegasus Medical Group, Christchurch.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schousboe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pimm
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000191:economics; D003363:Cost Control; D017046:Cost Savings; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education; D005246:Feedback; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D007193:Independent Practice Associations / Q000191:economics*; D007318:Inservice Training; D007753:Laboratories / Q000191:economics*; D008499:Medical Records; D009042:Motivation; D009520:New Zealand; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics