title: The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on hepatitis B vaccination in haemodialysis patients.
abstract: Haemodialysis patients often fail to respond to hepatitis B vaccination. In this pilot study, 15 patients previously non-responsive to at least three 40 micrograms doses of hepatitis B vaccine were given 0.5, 5 or 10 micrograms kg-1 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) subcutaneously 24 h prior to booster vaccination with a hepatitis B vaccine. Seven of the 15 patients developed antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) (35-7240 IU L-1) upon initial vaccination with GM-CSF and two of four individuals responded with low HBsAb titres of 15 and 60 IU L-1 when revaccinated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and twice the dose of GM-CSF. The application of GM-CSF was associated with adverse effects that were, in general, mild to moderate in severity and appeared to be dose dependent. Two patients, both receiving 10 micrograms kg-1 GM-CSF discontinued the study because of severe hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, University of Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kreiter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kösters
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deusch
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor