title: Depressed osteoblast activity and increased osteocyte necrosis after closed bone fracture and hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although bone fracture and hemorrhagic shock are frequent complications in trauma patients, it remains unknown whether hemorrhagic shock after bone fracture produces any deleterious effects on osteoblast function and osteocyte necrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sham-operation, closed bone fracture (right tibia) with and without hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial blood pressure 35 +/- 5 mm Hg for 90 minutes followed by fluid resuscitation) were induced in 18 male C3H/HeN mice (25 g body weight) At 72 hours after the experiment, all animals were killed, whole blood was obtained by cardiac puncture, and plasma assayed for circulating levels of osteocalcin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma osteocalcin levels were found to be significantly depressed after closed bone fracture in conjunction with hemorrhagic shock. Closed bone fracture alone increased plasma osteocalcin. Histologic analysis of the fracture sites revealed that hemorrhagic shock after closed bone fracture significantly increased osteocyte necrosis adjacent to the fracture site, when compared to animals with closed bone fracture alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that severe hemorrhage after closed bone fracture depresses osteoblast activity and increases osteocyte necrosis, which should compromise fracture healing under those conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Arnoczky
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: DeMaso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology; D009336:Necrosis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin