Susceptibility of clinical isolates to expanded-spectrum beta-lactams alone and in the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Tazobactam and BRL 42715 are relatively new penems which inhibit a wide range of plasmid- as well as chromosomally mediated bacterial beta-lactamases that include Richmond and Sykes type I, II, III, IV and V beta-lactamases, staphylococcal penicillins and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, clavulanic acid, which is a potent inhibitor of class III beta-lactamases, is one of the first discovered compounds. We used a total of 645 recent clinical isolates, consisting of 305 Enterobacteriaceae, 180 gram-positive cocci and 160 other gram-negative bacteria to evaluate the ability of beta-lactamase inhibitors for potentiation of piperacillin, ticarcillin and amoxycillin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for all the 42 strains of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were reduced 4- to 16-fold in the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitors. They were also highly effective in inhibiting the beta-lactamase of a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria, thereby changing their MIC values for amoxycillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin from a 'resistant' to a 'susceptible' range. Commonly resistant bacteria like Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were rendered susceptible to piperacillin and ticarcillin in the presence of clavulanic acid, tazobactam and BRL 42715. Of the commercially available formulations for clinical use, piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin) was found to be more inhibitory towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Qadri
S M
SM
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ueno
Y
Y
Cunha
B A
BA
D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D007769:Lactams; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D000078142:Tazobactam; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; D047090:beta-Lactams
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D007769:Lactams; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; D047090:beta-Lactams; C061593:C6-(N1-methyl-1,2,3-trazolylmethylene)penem; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D000658:Amoxicillin; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D013982:Ticarcillin; D000078142:Tazobactam; D010878:Piperacillin