title: Cardiorespiratory responses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during bicycle riding and running in water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare exercise during dry-land bicycle ergometry and running in water with a flotation device in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight individuals with adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis, between the ages of 30 and 40 years (X = 35.88, SD = 2.85), participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subject did a graded maximal exercise test on a stationary bicycle and in the water wearing a flotation device, while oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), pain, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), minute ventilation (VE), respiration rate, tidal volume (VT), and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher maximum RPE and R were seen during water running, whereas higher VE and VT were seen during bicycle riding. Heart rate, R, and plateauing VO2 data indicated that a true physiological peak VO2 was reached during the bicycle test. Peak VO2 and HR were similar for either water or bicycle exercise. These findings show that with both forms of exercise, subjects were able to reach training levels as set by the American College of Sports Medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The water exercise, therefore, provides a means of exercising for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. It allows them to reach the needed training levels in a comfortable aquatic environment.
authors.affiliation: Sheperd Center, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melton-Rogers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*