title: Effects of sequential stimuli on Halobacterium salinarium photobehavior.
abstract: We analyzed the motor photoresponses of Halobacterium salinarium to different test stimuli applied after a first photophobic response produced by a step-down of red-orange light (prestimulus). We observed that pulses given with a suitable delay after the prestimulus produced unusual responses. Pulses of blue, green, or red-orange light, each eliciting no response when applied alone, produced a secondary photophobic response when applied several seconds after the prestimulus; the same occurred with a negative blue pulse (rapid shut-off and turning on of a blue light). Conversely, no secondary photophobic response was observed when the test stimulus was a step (a step-up for red-orange light, a step-down for blue light) of the same wavelength and intensity. When the delay was varied, different results were obtained with different wavelengths; red-orange pulses were typically effective in producing a secondary photophobic response, even with a delay of 2 s, whereas the response to a blue pulse was suppressed when the test stimulus was applied within 5 s after the prestimulus. The secondary photophobic response to pulses was abolished by reducing the intensity of the prestimulus without affecting the primary photophobic response. These results, some of which were previously reported in the literature as inverse effects, must be produced by a facilitating mechanism depending on the prestimulus itself, the occurrence of reversals being per se ineffective. The fact that red-orange test stimuli are facilitated even at the shortest delay, whereas those of different wavelengths become effective only after several seconds, suggests that the putative mechanism of the facilitating effect is specific for different signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cercignani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petracchi
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D005407:Flagella / Q000502:physiology; D019617:Halobacterium salinarum / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015398:Signal Transduction