title: Phorbol esters but not the cholinergic agonists oxotremorine-M and carbachol increase release of the amyloid precursor protein in cultured rat cortical neurons.
abstract: Conventional secretory processing of the amyloid precursor protein is nonamyloidogenic, releasing carboxyl-terminus-truncated amyloid precursor protein derivatives while cleaving the amyloid beta-peptide within its sequence. Alternative processing routes are potentially amyloidogenic, yielding the amyloid beta-peptide segment intact. In continuous cell lines, secretory processing of the amyloid precursor protein is regulated by both protein kinase C and muscarinic receptor stimulation. However, the first and second messenger systems that regulate amyloid precursor protein release in central neurons are still under investigation. In the present investigation, we examined whether or not first and second messengers of cholinergic neurotransmission increase production of soluble derivatives of the amyloid precursor protein in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Activation of protein kinase C by the phorbol esters phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased production of the soluble form of the amyloid precursor protein dramatically. In contrast, activation of muscarinic receptors by oxotremorine-M or carbachol did not result in a significant increase in amyloid precursor protein release. Similarly, chemically induced depolarization using 35 mM KCl did not alter production of soluble amyloid precursor protein derivatives. Our data suggest that although protein kinase C stimulation plays an important role in regulating release of the amyloid precursor protein, cholinergic neurotransmission does not regulate its release in cultured rat cortical neurons.
authors.affiliation: Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010095:Oxotremorine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D010095:Oxotremorine; C042743:oxotremorine M; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate