title: Cytosolic Ca2+ domain-dependent protective action of adenosine in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Recently, in beating cardiac cells heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns in cytosolic Ca2+ distribution have been visualized, and associated with cell contraction. In non-beating cardiomyocytes, spatial heterogeneity of intracellular Ca2+ distribution has also been observed, yet its functional implication in resting cardiac cells is not known. Herein, distinct domains of lower versus higher concentrations of cytosolic Ca2+ (0.17 and 0.37 microM, respectively) were observed using epifluorescent digital imaging in single, non-beating, fluo-3-loaded cardiomyocytes. Extracellular K+ (16 mM) induced a uniform increase of cytosolic Ca2+, despite the initial presence of distinct domains of cytosolic Ca2+ (from 0.17 to 1.82 microM in domains with lower, and from 0.37 to 2.03 microM in domains with higher Ca2+ concentration, respectively). In contrast, adenosine (1 mM) prevented exracellular K+ to induce cytosolic Ca2+ loading selectively within domains with lower (from 0.17 to 0.18 microM), but not in domains with higher (from 0.37 to 1.4 microM) basal Ca2+ concentration. Thus, the response of a cardiomyocyte to the protective action of adenosine is heterogeneous within a resting single cell. The domain-distinct cytoprotective action of adenosine appears to be set by the basal Ca2+ concentration within a cytosolic domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terzic
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium