Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls.
The Trail Making Test (TMT), which explores visual-conceptual and visual-motor tracking, is a frequently used neuropsychological test because of its ease of administration and sensitivity to brain damage. In this paper, norms are provided for the time scores derived from parts A and B, and for the (B-A) difference. The data were collected from 287 adult Italian subjects stratified by gender, schooling and age (from 20 to 79 years). The test scores were affected by age, education and general intelligence (as expressed by Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices). Only for part A did females have longer time scores than males. Test-retest reliability was high for each score.
Giovagnoli
A R
AR
Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy.
Del Pesce
M
M
Mascheroni
S
S
Simoncelli
M
M
Laiacona
M
M
Capitani
E
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014145:Trail Making Test / Q000592:standards*