Renal ultrasound changes after pyeloplasty in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction: long-term outcome in 47 renal units.
OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the use of renal ultrasound for monitoring pyelocaliectasis after pyeloplasty in children.


METHODS
Changes in pyelocaliceal dilatation following pyeloplasty were assessed by serial ultrasound. Of 104 children 0 to 12 years old who underwent pyeloplasty between 1982 and 1992, 44 (47 renal units) were monitored with serial ultrasound for at least 2 years (range 2 to 9, mean 3.8). Patient ages at pyeloplasty were 0 to 3 months (17), 4 to 12 months (8), 1 to 6 years (13) and 7 to 12 years (6). Preoperative and postoperative ultrasound was reviewed by a single pediatric radiologist blinded to the date of surgery. The degree of pyelocaliectasis was graded as 0 to 4 according to the classification of the Society for Fetal Urology.


RESULTS
Preoperative ultrasound revealed grade 4 pyelocaliectasis in 26 kidneys (55%) and grade 3 disease in 21 (45%). Grade was the same or worse 1 month after pyeloplasty in the majority of kidneys (92%) studied at this interval. Of the 47 renal units assessed 43 (91%) showed improvement in pyelocaliectasis during postoperative followup. Only 38% of the kidneys improved during the first 6 months of followup, while 81% were improved 2 years postoperatively. Improvement to grade 0 or 1 dilatation occurred in only 9 kidneys (19%). The rate of resolution of pyelocaliectasis was not related to preoperative grade or patient age at pyeloplasty.


CONCLUSIONS
Improvement on renal ultrasound after pyeloplasty appears to be gradual. Less than half of the patients had improvement in the initial 6 months after pyeloplasty and pyelocaliectasis rarely resolved completely. While renal ultrasound can provide an accurate and cost-effective means of monitoring children on a long-term basis after pyeloplasty, sonographic evaluation in the early postoperative period commonly shows increased or unchanged pyelocaliectasis.
Amling
C L
CL
Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
O'Hara
S M
SM
Wiener
J S
JS
Schaeffer
C S
CS
King
L R
LR
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*