The effects on platelet aggregation and prostanoid biosynthesis of two parenteral analgesics: ketorolac tromethamine and dipyrone.
The pharmacokinetics and effects on platelet function of dipyrone (1.0 g; 2.5 g; i.v.) and ketorolac tromethamine (30 mg; i.m.) were studied in a three-way crossover study in twelve healthy subjects. The biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 in clotting whole blood ex vivo as well as collagen-induced platelet aggregation were determined before and up to 48 h after administration. Both prostanoid biosynthesis and platelet aggregation were inhibited by ketorolac tromethamine for a significantly longer period of time than by both doses of dipyrone. The changes in platelet functions correlated well with the serum concentrations of ketorolac or 4-methylaminoantipyrine and 4-aminoantipyrine. Using the sigmoidal Emax model the mean serum concentration (SD) of ketorolac, 4-methylaminoantipyrine and 4-aminoantipyrine inhibiting platelet TXB2 generation by 50% (EC50) in vitro was found to be 0.088 +/- 0.031, 1.2 +/- 0.3 and 10.2 +/- 3.4 micrograms ml-1, respectively. In conclusion the recovery of platelet function after dipyrone administration is faster as compared to ketorolac tromethamine. This is in line with clinical observations and may be an advantage when these drugs are given as postoperative analgesics at the doses tested.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Austria. gg@macpost.pharmakologie.uni-erlangen.de
G
G
Geisslinger
B A
BA
Peskar
D
D
Pallapies
R
R
Sittl
M
M
Levy
K
K
Brune
D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012016:Reference Values; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000097:blood; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
D000700:Analgesics; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D004177:Dipyrone; D014046:Tolmetin