The alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor determines the species specificity of high-affinity IL-2 binding.
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) mediated signalling results from ligand binding and subsequent heterodimerization of IL-2r beta and gamma c. The high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2r) is a heterotrimer comprised of the IL-2r alpha, IL-2r beta and gamma c subunits. Whereas human IL-2 effectively binds to either human or murine lymphocytes, murine IL-2 binds with markedly higher affinity to murine receptor complexes than to human complexes. Using cell lines stably expressing heterotrimeric IL-2r that vary in the species origin of individual subunits, we have demonstrated that IL-2r alpha is primarily responsible for the species specificity of IL-2 binding. Studies of ligand binding to the low affinity receptor demonstrated that IL-2r alpha displays a similar species preference to the heterotrimeric complex. Moreover, differences in ligand binding are reflected in differences in proliferation. A cell line expressing human IL-2r alpha and IL-2r beta along with murine gamma c vigorously proliferated only in response to human IL-2 at low doses, while both human and murine IL-2 stimulated proliferation of a cell line containing murine IL-2r alpha (as well as human IL-2r beta and murine gamma c). Therefore, IL-2r alpha is the chain primarily responsible for the species specificity of ligand binding.
Liu
K D
KD
Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94141, USA.
Greene
W C
WC
Goldsmith
M A
MA
D000345:Affinity Labels; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
D000345:Affinity Labels; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2