Implementation of a breast and cervical cancer screening program in a public hospital emergency department. Cancer Control Center of Harlem.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility and yields of screening for breast and cervical cancer in an urban public hospital emergency department.


METHODS
Women who presented to the ED of a large, urban public hospital during the study period with nonurgent conditions were eligible for a Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) and a clinical breast examination (CBE) if they were 18 years of age or older and for a mammogram if they were 40 years of age or older, provided they had not had the screening examination within the past year. The Pap smear and CBE were performed by a nurse, and mammography was scheduled for a later date. Women with gynecologic complaints were excluded.


RESULTS
On the basis of screening history, medical status, and age, 1,850 (32%) of the 5,830 women seen in the ER during the 23-month study period were eligible for both mammography and CBE, and 2,361 (41%) were eligible for Pap smears. Of these women, 116 (6%) completed mammography and CBE, and 644 (27%) received Pap smears. Among screened women, 10 (9%) and 20 (3%), respectively, had results that were suspicious or positive for breast or cervical cancer. Follow-up rates were low: 20% for breast screening and 50% for Pap smears. Among those receiving follow-up, 1 woman was found to have breast cancer and 8 were found to have cervical neoplasia.


CONCLUSIONS
ED cancer screening was feasible and yielded a high rate of cancer detection. Program efficiency was hampered by low volume and high numbers of patients lost to follow-up after abnormal screening results. Greater integration into the acute care setting and more intensive recruitment and follow-up strategies are needed to maximize the potential yield and cost effectiveness of such programs.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
J
J
Mandelblatt
H
H
Freeman
D
D
Winczewski
K
K
Cagney
S
S
Williams
R
R
Trowers
J
J
Tang
J
J
Kerner
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005006:Ethnicity; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010173:Palpation; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears