Bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia following endoscopic sinus surgery.
This prospective study was conducted to examine pain after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The hypothesis was that a long-acting anesthetic agent would result in patients experiencing less pain in the 24-hour postoperative period and therefore needing fewer oral analgesics. We randomized 100 patients undergoing ESS to receive either lidocaine (1% or 2%) with epinephrine or bupivacaine (0.25% or 0.5%) with epinephrine as an anesthetic and for a sphenopalatine block. Postoperative pain was assessed with a standard numeric pain assessment scale at baseline and at 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. The use of analgesics during this period was also documented. We compared the results between patients receiving bupivacaine and those receiving lidocaine, as well as between patients who required nasal packing and those who did not. We discovered that in general, pain after ESS was less severe than expected. We further found that the type of anesthetic used did not significantly affect postoperative pain; pain score changes and use of analgesics were similar between the two anesthesia groups. Postoperative pain was also similar between the "packing" and "no packing" groups. Although patients receiving packing had consistently lower increases in pain (and in fact many patients in this group had decreases in pain from baseline), none of the differences between group means was statistically significant.
Friedman
M
M
Department of Otolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology, Rush Medical College, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Venkatesan
T K
TK
Lang
D
D
Caldarelli
D D
DD
D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D004837:Epinephrine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D013630:Tampons, Surgical
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine