In the absence of endogenous IFN-gamma, mice develop unimpaired IL-12 responses to Toxoplasma gondii while failing to control acute infection.
The relationship between IFN-gamma and IL-12 in generating innate immune responses and resistance to acute Toxoplasma gondii infection was assessed in T. gondii-exposed IFN-gamma knockout (gko) mice. Gko mice, in contrast to wild-type (wt) animals, rapidly succumbed to infection with either the avirulent ME49 strain or, surprisingly, an attenuated temperature-sensitive mutant strain, ts4. Microscopic examination of peritoneal exudates from infected gko mice demonstrated that mortality is associated with unchecked tachyzoite replication. Nevertheless, both wt and gko animals developed a peritoneal inflammatory response that in gko animals was greater due to a 5- to 10-fold increase in the number of granulocytes recruited to the site of infection. In addition, IL-12 production in gko mice was both unimpaired and functional since a significant, albeit lower than wt, IL-12-dependent NK cell response developed in these animals. Regardless, no evidence for an IFN-gamma-independent protective function for IL-12 or NK cells was apparent since in vivo treatment of gko mice with an IL-12-neutralizing mAb ablated the NK cell response, but did not decrease survival. Together, these data identify distinct functions for IL-12 and IFN-gamma in host resistance to T. gondii: IL-12 precedes and initiates synthesis of IFN-gamma, while the latter lymphokine directly controls parasite growth and diminishes the contribution of IL-4- and IL-5-producing T cell subsets.
Scharton-Kersten
T M
TM
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Wynn
T A
TA
Denkers
E Y
EY
Bala
S
S
Grunvald
E
E
Hieny
S
S
Gazzinelli
R T
RT
Sher
A
A
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology*; D014774:Virulence
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma