What is a linear process?
We argue that given even an infinitely long data sequence, it is impossible (with any test statistic) to distinguish perfectly between linear and nonlinear processes (including slightly noisy chaotic processes). Our approach is to consider the set of moving-average (linear) processes and study its closure under a suitable metric. We give the precise characterization of this closure, which is unexpectedly large, containing nonergodic processes, which are Poisson sums of independent and identically distributed copies of a stationary process. Proofs of these results will appear elsewhere.
Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3860, USA.
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Bickel
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Bühlmann
D016014:Linear Models; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics