Chemokine expression in simian immunodeficiency virus-induced AIDS encephalitis.
The pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction associated with human immunodeficiency (HIV)-1 infection is uncertain. However, the presence of macrophage infiltrates in the central nervous system is a key feature of HIV encephalitis and is correlated with HIV-associated dementia. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that HIV-infected monocyte/macrophages can produce toxic substances that may play a critical role in the development of HIV-associated dementia. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for HIV infection and leukocyte recruitment to the central nervous system remain speculative. Similar to HIV-infected patients, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque monkeys develop immunosuppression and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related inflammatory disorders, including AIDS encephalitis. In this study, we demonstrate that encephalitic brain from SIV-infected animals has elevated immunohistochemical expression of the C-C chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and -beta, RANTES, and monocyte chemotactic protein-3, and the C-X-C chemokine interferon-inducible protein-10. These findings suggest that one or all of of these chemokines could be involved in leukocyte recruitment to the brain in SIV-infected macaque monkeys.
Division of Comparative Pathology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772-9102, USA.
V G
VG
Sasseville
M M
MM
Smith
C R
CR
Mackay
D R
DR
Pauley
K G
KG
Mansfield
D J
DJ
Ringler
A A
AA
Lackner
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008251:Macaca; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
C515450:CCL7 protein, human; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins