Effects of music on assertive behavior during exercise by middle-school-age students.
The purpose of this study was to assess the association of a particular style of music and assertive behavior in middle-school-aged students during exercise. Participants were students enrolled in a public middle school (Grades 6, 7, and 8, N = 502). A statistically significant relationship was found between the number of assertive behaviors occurring while listening to fast tempo music and grades and between difference scores and grades. Difference scores were obtained by subtracting the number of assertive behaviors occurring while listening to fast tempo music from those while listening to slow tempo music. Discriminant function analysis showed the number of assertive behaviors when listening to fast tempo music and difference scores were predictive of membership by grade. The higher the more assertive behaviors were emitted when listening to fast tempo music.
United States Sports Academy, Daphne, Alabama 36526, USA. ACADEMY@USSA-SPORT.USSA
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BD
Mills
D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal; D001242:Assertiveness; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010553:Personality Development; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013998:Time Perception