Effects of cigarette smoke on nitric oxide-induced increase in cyclic GMP in nerve terminals of rat cerebral cortex.
Since nitric oxide (NO) has been widely accepted as a novel neuromodulator, which activates soluble forms of guanylate cyclase to increase in guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels, the effect of water-soluble substance in cigarette smoke on cyclic GMP levels were investigated using nerve terminals prepared from rat cerebral cortex. Although the smoke-substance itself failed to affect cyclic GMP levels in the synaptosomes, the smoke-substance significantly inhibited the increases in cyclic GMP levels induced by NO donors. The blocking effect of the smoke-substance was inhibited by concomitant incubation with superoxide dismutase, but not with mannitol. In addition, the effect of smoke-substance was mimicked by products of the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, but not by nicotine. The effect of smoke-substance was preserved at least 7 days after they were stored at room temperature. Therefore, these results suggest that the smoke-substance may possess long half-lives to produce the radicals which inactivate NO, and to inhibit the increase in cyclic GMP levels in nerve terminals. The interference with NO may explain the part of mechanism in effects of cigarette smoke on neuronal functions.
Kamisaki
Y
Y
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan. kamisaki@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp
Wada
K
K
Nakamoto
K
K
Kishimoto
Y
Y
Itoh
T
T
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008297:Male; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014867:Water; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D010396:Penicillamine; D006152:Cyclic GMP