Macrocephaly, hypospadias grade III-IV, and fragile X-like behavior in identical twins without involvement of the FMR-1 gene.
We present the distinct clinical symptoms and stigmata in 4.5 years old monozygotic male twins: macrocephaly, hypospadias grade III-IV, moderate mental retardation and fragile X-like behavior. Chromosome studies were normal and no FMR-1 mutation could be detected. We could not find other reports on the association of a fragile X-like clinical and behavioral phenotype and hypospadias grade III-IV.
Fryns
J P
JP
Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Leuven, Belgium.
D'Hooghe
M
M
Devriendt
K
K
D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics
D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497683:FMR1 protein, human