Mucosal and systemic immune responses to measles virus haemagglutinin in mice immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus.
The immune response to a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the measles virus haemagglutinin (VV-HA) was compared after parenteral or mucosal immunizations in mice. Parenteral immunizations with 10(6) p.f.u. VV-HA induced HA-specific antibody-producing cells (IgG>IgA) and HA-specific class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the spleen. In contrast, intranasal administrations of 10(6) p.f.u. of VV-HA induced HA-specific spot-forming cells in the spleen (IgG>IgA) and the lungs (IgA>IgG), and HA-specific CTL in the spleen. Co-immunization by the nasal route with VV-HA and cholera toxin enhanced HA-specific immune responses. Oral immunizations with 10(8) p.f.u. of VV-HA generated low numbers of HA-specific IgA-producing cells in the lamina propria of the gut, and a weak HA-specific CTL activity in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Oral co-immunization with VV-HA and cholera toxin greatly enhanced the level of HA-specific spot-forming cells in the lamina propria (IgA>IgG). Interestingly, intrajejunal immunizations with 10(8) p.f.u. VV-HA alone induced high levels of anti-HA IgG-producing cells in the spleen and anti-HA IgA-secreting cells in the lamina propria of the gut. These data show that (i) VV-HA by the nasal route is immunogenic and generates a measles-specific mucosal immune response in the lung, which represents the primary site of replication of measles virus and that (ii) VV-HA can also induce measles-specific immunity in the intestine provided that it is protected from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, or that cholera toxin is used as an adjuvant.
INSERM U 404 Immunity and Vaccination, Institut Pasteur de Lyon, France.
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Etchart
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Wild
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Kaiserlian
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D007422:Intestines; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics; D014709:Vero Cells
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; C032397:hemagglutinin protein G, measles virus; D002772:Cholera Toxin