The triple flash electroretinogram and its significance in macular diseases. B-wave recovery as a diagnostic tool.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate recovery data for the b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) elicited using multiple flash stimulation with increasing stimulus intervals in normal controls and in patients with macular diseases. The results will describe effects of age and macular disease and define indexes characterizing the recovery process.


METHODS
Scotopic Ganzfeld flash ERGs were elicited using interstimulus intervals of 140, 280, and 560 ms. Relative b-waves were calculated as the ratio b140 ms/b560 ms and b280 ms/b560 ms, respectively. Responses obtained in 134 eyes of 134 normal controls served as reference data. Fifty-four patients with different macular diseases were also examined and their data compared to the reference data.


RESULTS
Relative b-wave amplitudes correlated with interstimulus interval and with flash luminance, but not with age. All patients had a normal ERG when recorded following the standard of clinical electroretinography. A sigmoidal model was suggested, providing three indexes characterizing the b-wave recovery process. Relative b-waves and recovery indexes varied in age-related macular degeneration, central serous retinopathy, vitelliform macular degeneration, Stargardt's disease, and pattern dystrophy.


CONCLUSIONS
The triple flash ERG reflects energy-yielding and -utilizing mechanisms. It proved to be more sensitive in detecting functional lesions in macular diseases than the standardized explorating procedure. The b-wave recovery model allows differentiation between two independent mechanisms contributing to the b-wave recovery process. One or more of the three characterizing indexes are affected in different macular diseases.
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany.
K U
KU
Bartz-Schmidt
R
R
Brunner
P
P
Esser
C
C
Lüke
P
P
Walter
W
W
Sickel
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*