Absorption and presystemic metabolism of selegiline hydrochloride at different regions in the gastrointestinal tract in healthy males.
OBJECTIVE
The absorption and disposition of selegiline (SEL) and its metabolites N-desmethylselegiline (DMS), L-methamphetamine (MET), and L-amphetamine (AMP) were assessed in 8 healthy male volunteers at proximal and distal regions of the intestine relative to oral administration (in the stomach) to determine if intestinal site dependence contributed to the erratic oral absorption of selegiline hydrochloride which is manifest as low and variable bioavailability.


METHODS
An open-label, four-way crossover, single dose pharmacokinetic study comparing the bioavailability of 10 mg selegiline hydrochloride administered to healthy young males as a solution by the oral route (in the stomach) and by a nasoenteric tube to the following three sites: duodenum, jejunum and terminal ileum was conducted. Infusions were administered over a 1 minute interval and a two week washout was observed between treatments. Samples were taken over 96 hours and analyzed by LC/MS/MS.


RESULTS
Selegiline exposure was greatest following administration to the stomach (approximately 150% > duodenum or jejunum) and least in the terminal ileum (approximately 33% less than duodenum or jejunum). Duodenal and jejunal sites were equivocal based on selegiline absorption and subsequent metabolism. While both AMP and MET exposure was equivalent at all dosing sites, DMS exposure was less (approximately 18%) at the terminal ileum.


CONCLUSIONS
The oral absorption of selegiline is neither permeability-limited or intestinal site-dependent. Stomach absorption may bypass presystemic metabolism. The reduced DMS exposure at the terminal ileum is consistent with the theorized presystemic formation of DMS via luminal P450 enzymes and the density of these enzymes in the duodenum and jejunum relative to the ileum. AMP and MET metabolites were insensitive to dosing site consistent with their hepatic formation. The true magnitude of these effects would require multiple dosing as single dose pharmacokinetics do not predict the extent of multiple dose selegiline exposure.
Pharmacokinetics Department, Somerset Pharmaceuticals, Tampa, Florida 33607, USA.
J S
JS
Barrett
P
P
Szego
S
S
Rohatagi
R J
RJ
Morales
K E
KE
De Witt
G
G
Rajewski
J
J
Ireland
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012642:Selegiline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D000662:Amphetamines; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D012642:Selegiline; D008694:Methamphetamine; C017861:desmethylselegiline; D000661:Amphetamine