Comparable potent coronary constrictor effects of endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 in humans.
BACKGROUND
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor produced from the precursor big ET-1 in endothelial cells. The coronary effects of these peptides in humans in vivo are unknown. Therefore, the effects of ET-1 and big ET-1 on coronary blood flow in relation to plasma ET-1 and big ET-1 levels were compared in healthy subjects.


RESULTS
The peptides were infused intravenously at the rates of 0.2, 1, and 8 pmol/kg per minute. Each dose administered for 20 minutes except the highest dose of ET-1, which was administered for 10 minutes. ET-1 and big ET-1 evoked dose-related increases in mean arterial blood pressure from 93 +/- 4 to 107 +/- 4 mm Hg and from 89 +/- 2 to 122 +/- 5 mm Hg, respectively, at the highest dose. ET-1 and big ET-1 reduced coronary sinus blood flow, measured with thermodilution by a maximum of 25 +/- 4% and 28 +/- 8% and increased coronary vascular resistance by 50 +/- 9% and 107 +/- 26%, respectively. Coronary sinus, but not arterial, oxygen saturation was reduced in parallel with the coronary sinus blood flow. The effects of ET-1 and big ET-1 were similar at corresponding time points. During infusion of ET-1, a 19 +/- 5% extraction of ET-1 was observed over the coronary vascular bed (P < .05). Administration of big ET-1 elevated arterial plasma ET-1 levels by 2.4-fold, and after correction for the local extraction of ET-1, a myocardial production of ET-1 was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
ET-1 and big ET-1 induce comparable increases in blood pressure and coronary constriction in humans in vivo. The results also suggest a net local removal of circulating ET-1 and big ET-1 and a local conversion of big ET-1 into ET-1 within the coronary vascular bed.
Pernow
J
J
Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Kaijser
L
L
Lundberg
J M
JM
Ahlborg
G
G
D000328:Adult; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D011498:Protein Precursors