Multi-drug resistant non-typhi salmonellae in Kenya.
Two methods of plasmid characterization, restriction digest patterns and incompatibility grouping, were used to study self-transmissible multi-drug resistance among non-typhi salmonellae (NTS). Resistance to ampicillin and other commonly applied beta-lactams was evaluated by iso-electric focusing and disc inactivation. Of the NTS isolated from blood, 75% were Salmonella typhimurium but those included several different phage types. Over 47% of isolates were resistant to three or more of the readily available drugs including ampicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. Self-transferable resistance plasmids (c. 100 kb) were essentially of incompatibility group incFIIA, but their restriction fragment patterns revealed a diversity in relatedness. More than half of parent strains and their transconjugants produced beta-lactamases which co-electrophoresed with TEM-1 and OXA-1. This study has observed a disturbingly high prevalence of transmissible multi-drug resistance among NTS which are an important cause of morbidity in HIV-1 seropositive individuals.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK.
S
S
Kariuki
C
C
Gilks
J
J
Corkill
J
J
Kimari
A
A
Benea
P
P
Waiyaki
C A
CA
Hart
D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D001618:beta-Lactamases