The molecular biology of axon guidance.
Neuronal growth cones navigate over long distances along specific pathways to find their correct targets. The mechanisms and molecules that direct this pathfinding are the topics of this review. Growth cones appear to be guided by at least four different mechanisms: contact attraction, chemoattraction, contact repulsion, and chemorepulsion. Evidence is accumulating that these mechanisms act simultaneously and in a coordinated manner to direct pathfinding and that they are mediated by mechanistically and evolutionarily conserved ligand-receptor systems.
Department of Anatomy, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Tessier-Lavigne
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Goodman
D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000196:embryology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology
D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D008024:Ligands; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface