Performance of broiler chicks fed on alkali-treated neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel cake as a protein supplement.
1. An experiment was conducted to evaluate growth and nutrient efficiency of broiler chicks from 3 to 42 d fed on diets containing alkali-treated neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) kernel cake (NKC) as a protein supplement in place of peanut meal (PNM). 2. NKC was treated with sodium hydroxide at 10 (ANKC 1) or 20 g (ANKC 2)/kg and incorporated into the test diets at 135 or 300 g/kg to replace 50 (low-L) or 100 (High-H)% of the PNM protein of the reference diet. 3. Despite comparable retentions of dry matter and total carbohydrate on L-ANKC 1 and 2, fibre on L-and H-ANKC 2 and nitrogen, calcium and acid detergent fibre on all experimental diets compared to the retentions of chicks on the reference diet, only the chicks fed L-ANKC 2 were found to grow and utilise food as well as those on the reference diet. 4. The activities of serum alkaline phosphatase on H-ANKC 1 and alanine amino transferase on all test diets were depressed (P < 0.05), but the activity of serum aspartate amino transferase, total erythrocyte count and concentration of blood haemoglobin and urea were similar in all chicks. 5. No significant differences were noticed in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the meat of chicks fed on the reference diet and on diets incorporating ANKC at the lower concentrations. Feeding ANKC protein did not impart any untoward taste as evaluated in pressure cooked meat by a semitrained panel on a 7 point Hedonic scale. 6. Except for duodenal and jejunal inflammation in chicks on both reference and test diets, all the vital organs were normal, ruling out any adverse affects caused by residual neem bitters. 7. Comparable performance and cost of chicks fed on the reference and L-ANKC 2 diets, warrants the utilisation of hitherto wasted protein-rich NKC after alkali treatment in broiler chick diets to spare peanut meal for human consumption in developing countries.
Division of Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
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Nagalakshmi
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Sastry
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Agrawal
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Katiyar
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Verma
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000468:Alkalies / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008297:Male; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
D000468:Alkalies; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase