Surgical therapy for locally advanced bladder cancer.
Radical cystectomy followed by a urinary diversion or an orthotopic neobladder remains standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The advances in surgical technique and reconstructive options allow many patients to enjoy a high quality of life after surgical extirpation. For those unable or unwilling to undergo a radical cystectomy, several treatment alternatives exist, using aggressive TUR and combinations of chemotherapy and/or radiation. Continued investigations into the biological behavior of this malignancy, as well as the identification of more effective chemotherapeutic agents, will allow more definitive treatment approaches with improved outcomes.
Bales
G T
GT
Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL, USA.
Kim
H
H
Steinberg
G D
GD
D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000601:surgery