Fixed interval/fixed ratio performance in adult monkeys exposed in utero to methylmercury.
Previous studies in monkeys and rodents have shown the fixed interval/fixed ratio (FI/FR) schedule to be a sensitive indicator of neurotoxicity. In the present study, monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed in utero to methylmercury (MeHg). Maternal doses of MeHg of 50, 70, or 90 micrograms/kg b.wt./day resulted in infant blood mercury levels at birth ranging from 1.04 to 2.45 ppm. Monkeys were tested on a multiple FI/FR schedule of reinforcement at 8-10 years of age. Four FI/FR cycles were run per session. Pause time and run rate were calculated for FI and FR components, as well as FI quarter-life and local FI response rates. MeHg treatment and sex effects were investigated by fitting a linear orthogonal polynomial regression to each monkey's profile across sessions and performing two-way ANOVAs on the resulting linear and intercept terms. There were no treatment-related effects on either the FI or FR component for pause time or run rate. Analysis of the quarter-life revealed a significant treatment by sex effect as well as a main effect for sex. Post hoc t-tests revealed a significant difference in quarter-life of treated male and female monkeys and a marginal difference between treated and control males. The FI run rate of the male monkeys was significantly greater than that of the female monkeys whereas the FR run rate of the males was marginally greater. These results indicate that there may be a differential effect of MeHg on male and female monkeys, which could be interpreted as an effect on temporal discrimination. Overall, adult monkeys exposed to in utero MeHg exhibited a very limited sex-related effects on the FI/FR intermittent schedule of reinforcement.
Gilbert
S G
SG
Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98105-6099, USA. sgg@u.washington.edu
Rice
D C
DC
Burbacher
T M
TM
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D009498:Neurotoxins; C020771:methylmercury hydroxide; D008628:Mercury