Improving methods of chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement--Part III: Optimal direction for artificial chordae.
OBJECTIVE
The optimal direction to preserve artificial chordae tendineae (CT) during mitral valve replacement (MVR) is not known, especially in regard to the response to inotropic stimulation which simulates exercise conditions.


METHODS
Using a non-distorting isovolumic balloon technique, we compared left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic mechanics in 11 dogs in a control state (no chordal sparing) and with four different methods of chordal preservation: posterior, anterior, oblique (anterior papillary muscle chordae directed anteriorly and others posteriorly, the direction which theoretically augments LV systolic twist), and counter-oblique (counter, chordae preserved in directions opposite to oblique).


RESULTS
Before dobutamine, delta Emax from the control was: 0.32 +/- 0.82, 0.10 +/- 0.43, 0.64 +/- 1.07, and 0.51 +/- 0.78 (anterior, posterior, oblique, and counter method, respectively). With dobutamine (3 mg/kg/min), delta Emax (mmHg/ml) was: 0.41 +/- 1.21, -0.13 +/- 0.75, 0.59 +/- 0.82*, and -0.34 +/- 0.71. Before dobutamine, delta LV stiffness (Sd, mmHg/ml) was -0.01 +/- 0.09, -0.02 +/- 0.12, 0.02 +/- 0.10, and 0.01 +/- 0.12; with dobutamine it was 0.01 +/- 0.09, 0.00 +/- 0.15, 0.03 +/- 0.15, and -0.06 +/- 0.11. Similarly, before dobutamine delta LV equilibrium volume (Veq) was -1.2 +/- 3.8, -0.3 +/- 3.0, -0.7 +/- 2.7, and -0.2 +/- 3.5, whereas with dobutamine zeta eq was -0.1 +/- 1.1, -0.4 +/- 0.8, 0.6 +/- 1.7, and -0.4 +/- 1.1. (Mean +/- S.D.; *p = 0.005 posterior and counter by ANOVA; p = NS (< 0.06) versus counter and posterior by ANOVA).


CONCLUSIONS
The oblique method enhanced systolic LV function both with and without dobutamine, while a tendency towards better diastolic LV function (Veq) was observed with dobutamine. The anterior method was next best in preserving systolic function, both with and without dobutamine. LV diastolic function tended to deteriorate with dobutamine in the posterior group. Systolic function with the counter method deteriorated with dobutamine. These results warrant further study in an ejecting model to investigate LV systolic and diastolic mechanics with the oblique method of CT preservation, including interactions with LV systolic twist and diastolic recoil.
Komeda
M
M
Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5247, USA.
DeAnda
A
A
Glasson
J R
JR
Daughters
G T
GT
Bolger
A F
AF
Nikolic
S D
SD
Ingels
N B
NB
Miller
D C
DC
D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000379:methods*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002815:Chordae Tendineae; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine