Effect of physiological concentrations of estradiol on PGI2 and NO in endothelial cells.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the mechanisms by which estrogens protect against occlusive vascular disorders, we studied the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).


METHODS
To study the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on PGI2 production, HUVECs were incubated in the absence and presence of 17 beta-estradiol (0.01-10 nmol/l) encapsulated within beta-cyclodextrin for 12 h in serum-free medium. To study the effect of 17 beta-estradiol (100 nmol/l) on maximal calcium-dependent NO production, we used different approaches. First, HUVECs were incubated with 2 mumol/l calcium ionophore A23187 with or without 17 beta-estradiol (100 nmol/l) for 24 h in serum-free medium. Second, HUVECs were preincubated with or without 17 beta-estradiol (100 nmol/l) for 12 h in medium supplemented with 2% fetal calf serum, and thereafter incubated in serum-free medium with 2 mumol/l of A23187 and with 100 nmol/l of 17 beta-estradiol (cells which contained 17 beta-estradiol during the preincubation period as well as cells which did not) or without it (only cells which did not contain 17 beta-estradiol during the preincubation period) for 6 h or 24 h.


RESULTS
17 beta-Estradiol (0.1 nmol/l) increased the concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable metabolite of PGI2 in the incubation medium, by 16%, and no further increase occurred with higher 17 beta-estradiol concentrations. The stimulation was prevented by tamoxifen. 17 beta-Estradiol did not affect NO production in any of our experiments measured as accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in the experimental medium.


CONCLUSIONS
The stimulatory effect on PGI2 production of physiological concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol, shown now for the first time, may provide one explanation for the ability of 17 beta-estradiol to protect against occlusive vascular disorders.
Mikkola
T
T
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Ranta
V
V
Orpana
A
A
Ylikorkala
O
O
Viinikka
L
L
D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004958:Estradiol; D011464:Epoprostenol