Protection of guinea pigs against soman poisoning by pretreatment with p-nitrophenyl phosphoramidates.
Several p-nitrophenyl phosphoramidates with the general formula RO(NH2)P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2, in which R = CH2CH3, CH2CH2F, CH2CHF2, CH2CF3, CH2CH2CH2CH3, and CH2CH2Cl, as well as (NH2)2P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2 were administered intravenously to guinea pigs as pretreatment compounds for protection against the lethal effects of 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) poisoning. Administration of phosphoramidates at a dose that produces 30% acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in the blood of atropinized guinea pigs at the moment of soman poisoning increases the subcutaneous LD50 of soman up to almost fivefold depending on which compound was used. A synergistic effect with atropine was observed. Three of these compounds offered a higher degree of protection against soman poisoning than pyridostigmine. Furthermore, the surviving animals pretreated with the two phosphoramidates that provided the highest protective ratio were in a better condition at 24 hr after soman intoxication than those pretreated with pyridostigmine. Due to the limited number of compounds and their different characteristics, it appeared difficult to demonstrate a relationship between the rate of spontaneous reactivation of AChE inhibited by the pretreatment compound and the protection against soman. Nevertheless, the results indicate that a several-fold decrease in the rate of spontaneous reactivation relative to that of pyridostigmine may increase the protective ratio against soman.
Langenberg
J P
JP
TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
De Jong
L P
LP
Benschop
H P
HP
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012999:Soman / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000506:poisoning*
D000931:Antidotes; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009596:Nitrophenols; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C082483:O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphoramidate; D012999:Soman; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase