Hypercalcemia and renal failure. Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Hypercalcemia is a frequent disorder of calcium metabolism in dogs and cats. Hypercalcemia-induced alterations in renal function and morphology are linked to many of the clinical manifestations observed in hypercalcemic patients. Since many renal effects induced by hypercalcemia are potentially reversible, early recognition and characterization of the problem facilitates rapid therapeutic intervention.
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, USA.
J M
JM
Kruger
C A
CA
Osborne
R F
RF
Nachreiner
K R
KR
Refsal
D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011379:Prognosis; D014463:Ultrasonography