Extension of surgical indication for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: is it possible to prolong life span or improve quality of life?
OBJECTIVE
We have tried to break through the limitations of treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been regarded as a contraindication for surgical treatment.


METHODS
In 640 cases of hepatic resection for Liver cancer, we analyzed 55 cases of HCC with tumor thrombi in the trunk or first branch of the portal vein (PV) which required additional PV thrombectomy, 5 cases with direct invasion or compression to the inferior vena cava (IVC) which required replacement of IVC with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube, 9 cases with involvement of the extrahepatic bile duct (BD) which required additional extirpation of tumor fragments in the BD, 6 cases with tumor thrombi in the IVC which required IVC thrombectomy, and 4 cases of huge main tumor with intrahepatic metastasis in the entire liver which required intraoperative ethanol injection.


RESULTS
Mean survival times in these groups were 796, 717, 650, 220, and 147 days, respectively. All patients with IVC thrombi and large tumor with intrahepatic metastasis in the entire liver died of early recurrence in spite of surgical treatment. By contrast, half of the patients with PV thrombi, BD involvement and IVC invasion or compression survived approximately 500 days because of a combination of hepatic resection, additional intraoperative treatment and postoperative treatment, and some patients could enjoy a longer life.


CONCLUSIONS
Multimodality treatment including hepatic resection should be encouraged for advanced HCC patients with PV thrombi, BD involvement or compression or invasion of the IVC, as long as the remnant liver can overcome postoperative liver failure.
Tanaka
A
A
Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
Morimoto
T
T
Ozaki
N
N
Ikai
I
I
Yamamoto
Y
Y
Tsunekawa
S
S
Kitai
T
T
Yamaoka
Y
Y
D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011169:Portal Vein; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed