Preventing pain during injection of propofol: the optimal dose of lidocaine.
OBJECTIVE
To define the optimal dose of lidocaine to be added to propofol to reduce the incidence of pain during its injection.


METHODS
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.


METHODS
Medical center operating rooms.


METHODS
135 ASA I and II female patients undergoing minor outpatient surgery.


METHODS
Patients were randomly allocated to one of five groups: Group A (control), no lidocaine: Group B, lidocaine 10 mg: Group C, lidocaine 20 mg; Group D, lidocaine 30 mg; Group F, lidocaine 40 mg. For each patient, pain during injection of the propofol solution was graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe.


RESULTS
The incidence of pain in the control group was 85%. All treatment groups receiving lidocaine had a significantly lower incidence of pain compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The lidocaine 30 mg and 40 mg groups both had a 7% incidence of pain, which was significantly less than a 33% incidence in the lidocaine 10 mg group (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Within this dose range and in this patient population, 30 mg of lidocaine is optimal for reducing the pain during injection of propofol.
Gajraj
N M
NM
Department of Anaesthesia, Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, UK.
Nathanson
M H
MH
D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000601:surgery; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013511:Minor Surgical Procedures; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010919:Placebos; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010919:Placebos; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol