Discovery of mammalian hosts to Gnathostoma nipponicum larvae and prevalence of the larvae in rodents and insectivores.
From September 1993 to November 1995, to clarify the natural infection of Gnathostoma nipponicum (G.n.) larvae in small wild mammals, a total of 313 animals consisted of three species of rodents and two species of insectivores, collected from an endemic area of this nematode in Aomori Prefecture, were investigated. Two species, Rattus norvegicus (R.n.) and Chimarrogale himalayica (C.h.) were infected with G.n. larvae, and the infection rate was extremely high with 27.2% and 72.7% in the former and latter. The infected animals harbored the larvae of 2-10 (mean: 6.0) in R.N. and 2-40 (10.6) in C.h., and a total of 273 larvae was recovered. The all larvae (18) from R.n. and the vast majority of the larvae (216/255: 82.4%) from C.h. were recovered from the musculature, and many encapsulated larvae were found in these portions of C.h. Taxonomically, all the larvae were identified as the advance third-stage larvae (AdL3) of G.n. The body length was 1,056-2,110 microns, and was larger than those of the naturally-infected AdL3 reported from cold-blooded animals. No morphological alterations or death of the larva was observed. From these results, it would seem that R.n. and C.h. are highly susceptible to G.n. larvae, and has very suitable characteristics as the hosts. Furthermore, a hypothesis is advanced that these mammals serves as the plausible paratenic hosts in the life cycle of G.n. This report is the first record of R.n. (Rodentia) and C.h. (Insectivora) naturally-infected with AdL3 of G.n.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.
T
T
Oyamada
H
H
Kobayashi
T
T
Kindou
N
N
Kudo
H
H
Yoshikawa
T
T
Yoshikawa
D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae; D007312:Eulipotyphla / Q000469:parasitology*; D006039:Gnathostoma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007814:Larva; D009115:Muridae; D015995:Prevalence; D051381:Rats; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012377:Rodentia / Q000469:parasitology*; D017205:Spirurida Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*