Surgical therapy for locally advanced bladder cancer.
Radical cystectomy followed by a urinary diversion or an orthotopic neobladder remains standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The advances in surgical technique and reconstructive options allow many patients to enjoy a high quality of life after surgical extirpation. For those unable or unwilling to undergo a radical cystectomy, several treatment alternatives exist, using aggressive TUR and combinations of chemotherapy and/or radiation. Continued investigations into the biological behavior of this malignancy, as well as the identification of more effective chemotherapeutic agents, will allow more definitive treatment approaches with improved outcomes.
Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL, USA.
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Bales
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Kim
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Steinberg
D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000601:surgery