Indicators of postoperative pain in cats and correlation with clinical criteria.
OBJECTIVE
To identify clinical indicators that may help identity postoperative pain in cats after ovariohysterectomy.


METHODS
Healthy, laboratory animal source cats.


METHODS
Clinical indicators of pain were identified, and relief from pain in response to butorphanol was studied in 5 groups of cats. 10 cats had 1 hour of general anesthesia only, followed by recovery without additional medication. 10 cats had general anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy, followed by recovery without additional medication. 10 cats had general anesthesia, ovariohysterectomy, and postoperative administration of 0.1 mg of butorphanol/kg of body weight. Another 10 cats had general anesthesia, ovariohysterectomy, and postoperative administration of 0.3 mg butorphanol/kg. 10 cats received 0.1 mg of butorphanol/kg, IM, only. Samples and recorded data were obtained before, during, and after the anesthesia period. Clinical variables measured included heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, PCV, and blood glucose concentration. Results were compared with changes in norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol concentrations.


RESULTS
Cats that did not receive analgesics had higher cortisol concentration than did cats without surgery and cats that received butorphanol after surgery. Systolic blood pressure measured by ultrasonic Doppler was found to be predictive of cortisol concentration, using a multiple linear regression model.


CONCLUSIONS
Cortisol concentration increased in response to surgical stress and pain, and this increase was diminished by use of butorphanol.


CONCLUSIONS
Systolic blood pressure was the best clinical predictor of postoperative pain.
Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30505, USA.
J D
JD
Smith
S W
SW
Allen
J E
JE
Quandt
R L
RL
Tackett
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002415:Cats / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002077:Butorphanol; D009638:Norepinephrine