The kappa B enhancer of the human interleukin-6 promoter is necessary and sufficient to confer an IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha response in transfected human cell lines: requirement for members of the C/EBP family for activity.
The human interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter contains two regulatory elements, a kappa B enhancer and a NFIL-6 (C/EBP beta) binding site, which have been reported to be essential for inducibility of the IL-6 gene. We show that the kappa B element alone is sufficient to confer inducibility on the IL-6 gene in cells treated with either IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha. Gel-retardation analysis of nuclear extracts from IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha-treated cells using specific antibodies has shown that at least five retarded complexes bind to the IL-6 kappa B element in addition to NF-kappa B. Furthermore, apart from p50 (NF-kappa B1) and p65 (RelA), no other members of the Rel family are present in these complexes. Comparative analysis with the kappa B enhancer of the immunoglobulin kappa chain gene shows that three of these complexes bind specifically to the IL-6 kappa B enhancer: a complex of p50/NFIL6, a p65 homodimer, and a non-Rel-related constitutive protein. Finally, transfection experiments, in which NF-kappa B subunits, NFIL-6, and NFIL-6 beta (C/EBP delta), were overexpressed in cells transfected with mutated IL-6 enhancer elements linked to a reporter gene show that interaction between members of the two families of factors is required for activation of the IL-6 gene in the absence of the NFIL-6 binding site. We conclude that the kappa B enhancer of the IL-6 promoter is the IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha responsive element and that its activity is dependent on the direct interaction of NF-kappa B with non-Rel transcription factors.
Merola
M
M
Laboratory of Viral Oncology, CNRS, UPR, Villejuif, France.
Blanchard
B
B
Tovey
M G
MG
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C497252:CEBPD protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta