Blood antioxidants changes in young women following beta-carotene depletion and repletion.
OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between beta-carotene intake and biochemical indices of antioxidant status in the blood of nine premenopausal women ages 18 to 42.


METHODS
Nine healthy adult women were fed a low beta-carotene diet for 68 days. They were repleted with the same diet supplemented with beta-carotene (15 mg beta-carotene) for 28 days. During the last week of the study, they received an additional mixed carotenoid supplement. Indices of blood antioxidant status were measured on days 1, 29, 36, 43, 50, 64, 71, 92, and 99.


RESULTS
We found significant increases of erythrocyte conjugated dienes between the 71st and 99th day of the study; increases of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GP) on day 43 and day 92 compared to a decrease on day 29; and decreases of GSH reductase throughout the treatment period. Erythrocyte catalase activities seemed to parallel GP activities. Erythrocyte oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were depressed both after beta-carotene depletion and repletion. beta-Carotene depletion/repletion had no effect on plasma vitamin E or GSH levels. Platelet GSH levels were depressed after beta-carotene depletion followed by elevated GSH levels after beta-carotene repletion.


CONCLUSIONS
A diet low in beta-carotene and adequate in all other nutrients, including vitamin A, resulted in altered erythrocyte and platelet antioxidant indices; however, it had little impact on plasma GSH or vitamin E levels in young healthy women. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that carotenes may be important in the prevention of oxidative damage.
Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA.
S T
ST
Omaye
B J
BJ
Burri
M E
ME
Swendseid
S M
SM
Henning
L A
LA
Briggs
H T
HT
Bowen
R B
RB
Ota
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene