Spiral bacteria in the human stomach: the gastric helicobacters.
During the past decade, Helicobacter pylori has become recognized as one of the most common human pathogens, colonizing the gastric mucosa of almost all persons exposed to poor hygienic conditions from childhood. It also is often found, albeit with a lower frequency, in groups of high socioeconomic status. H. pylori causes chronic active gastritis and is a major factor in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers and, to a lesser extent, gastric ulcers. In addition, the presence of this bacterium is now recognized as a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. Nevertheless, most infections appear without clinical consequences. In this second decade of intensive research, it is important to understand why H. pylori is sometimes a dangerous pathogen, and to determine how it can be eradicated in those at highest risk for severe disease.
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA. dubois@usuhsb.usuhs.mil
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Dubois
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000382:microbiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018247:Helicobacter heilmannii / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000382:microbiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D001729:Bismuth