Face and politeness in pharmacist-physician interaction.
This study used Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence pharmacists' messages to physicians. Specifically, perceived differences in power and social distance between pharmacist and physician were expected to influence the amount of politeness observed in pharmacists' messages. The effects of age, sex and practice context were also examined. Written messages were gathered from 210 community pharmacists and 112 hospital pharmacists in response to a hypothetical drug allergy scenario. Messages were segmented into independent clauses, and independent clauses were classified according to the politeness strategy used to make allergy reports and alternative drug recommendations respectively. Content analysis of the messages in relation to demographic variables revealed that age and practice context were significantly associated with the overall level of politeness of alternative drug recommendations, but not with overall politeness of allergy reports. Demographic factors were significantly related to perceptions of power and social distance, but, contrary to Brown and Levinson's prediction, these perceptions were not associated with variation in politeness. Regardless of other factors, recommendations were made more politely than reports. Implications for pharmacists' professional roles and identities are discussed.
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. lambertb@uic.edu
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D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007802:Language; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services; D010595:Pharmacists; D010819:Physician's Role; D010820:Physicians; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012930:Social Dominance; D013037:Spatial Behavior; D014481:United States