title: Direct extraction of A and B blood group antigens from human red cells by liposomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some of the major blood group antigens are on lipids and proteins of the red cell membrane. Incubation of intact red cells with liposomes containing specially designed artificial lipids has been shown to result in the extraction of membrane proteins by the liposomes. The extraction of blood group structures and the retention of their antigenicity have not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the incubation of red cells with liposomes, the extraction of the antigens from human red cells by liposomes was examined by evaluation of the agglutination of the liposomes by respective antisera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agglutination specific to the A and B blood group antigens was seen, which indicated that the antigenicity of the blood group antigens was retained even after the extraction by the liposomes. The presence of an artificial boundary lipid, 1,2-dimyristamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine, in the liposome was crucial to the efficient extraction of the A and B antigens. On the other hand, the extraction of D, M, N, and P1 was not always detectable by agglutination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The A and B blood group antigens were directly extracted from red cells by liposomes without loss of antigenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunamoto
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000372:Agglutination Tests; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D007106:Immune Sera; D008081:Liposomes; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; C064611:1,2-dimyristoylamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine