title: Reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting with the combination of morphine and droperidol in patient-controlled analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether low doses of droperidol mixed with morphine in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) would extend the duration of prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy women having elective open-abdominal gynaecological surgery consented to this double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomized to receive placebo, or 1 mg droperidol before induction followed by droperidol 0.0 (bolus group), 0.02 (0.02 group), or 0.04 (0.04 group) mg.mg-1 of PCA morphine. Study endpoints included severity of nausea, episodes of vomiting and rescue antiemetic doses, pain, and sedation and were assessed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one subjects completed the study. The groups were similar in age, weight, surgical time, pain scores, and morphine used. The 0.04 group had lower mean visual analogue scale scores for nausea (P < 0.05 vs all other groups). The incidence of vomiting was lower in all treatment groups (P < 0.05 for all groups vs placebo). The 0.04 group had lower rescue antiemetic requirements than the bolus group (P < 0.03). Mean sedation scores were low in all groups but were increased with PCA droperidol (P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Droperidol 1 mg before induction of anaesthesia reduces postoperative vomiting. The addition of droperidol 0.04 mg.mg-1 of PCA morphine further reduces (i) severity of nausea and (ii) rescue antiemetic requirements postoperatively. No clinically significant side-effects were attributed to this regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Kingston General Hospital, Ontario.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Klahsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Parlow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D009020:Morphine; D004329:Droperidol