title: Does surgical repair of a rectocele improve rectal emptying?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess results of surgical repair of rectocele and to identify possible determinants of outcome from patient's history and preoperative defecography. Another aim was to evaluate how surgery affects rectal evacuation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four women with constipation and rectal emptying difficulties underwent surgery with a transanal technique. A preoperative defecography was performed in each patient. They were followed up after a median of 10 (range, 2-60) months with a questionnaire (n = 34) and a defecography (n = 31). Computer-based image analysis of defecographies was used to evaluate rectal evacuation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 27 patients (79 percent), the result of surgery was good with subjectively improved emptying. The need for vaginal or perineal digitation preoperatively was related to a good result (P < 0.05), whereas a previous hysterectomy (P < 0.01) and a large rectal area on defecography (P < 0.01) related to a poor result. Preoperative use of enemas, motor stimulants, or several types of laxatives also related to a poor outcome (P < 0.05). Surgical treatment resulted in reduction of the rectocele (P < 0.001), an elevated position of the anorectal junction (P < 0.05), and improved rectal evacuation on defecographies (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical repair reduces the size of the rectocele and improves rectal emptying. These changes are accompanied by a symptomatic improvement in the majority of patients. Preoperative patient data and defecography may help in selecting patients for surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karlbom
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Påhlman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003248:Constipation / Q000503:physiopathology; D003672:Defecation; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000502:physiology; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000503:physiopathology*