title: In vivo alterations in cytokine production following interleukin-12 (IL-12) and anti-IL-4 antibody treatment of CB6F1 mice with chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis.
abstract: CB6F1 mice exhibit intermediate resistance to infection with Leishmania major compared to their highly susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (C57BL/6) parental strains. Unlike the C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains, which rapidly develop dominant Th1- or Th2-type responses, respectively, after infection, CB6F1 mice develop responses in which both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines are elevated through at least the first month of infection before Th1 responses become dominant as cutaneous lesions gradually heal. We have examined the effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and/or anti-IL-4 antibody treatment on cytokine production and the course of disease in CB6F1 mice with chronic L. major infections. When administered at 1 month of infection, IL-12 treatment led to a rapid decrease in mRNA levels for IL-4 within parasitized lesions and a moderate increase in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcript levels in lymph nodes draining the site of infection. When IL-12 and anti-IL-4 antibody were administered together, they induced a marked decrease in IL-4 and transforming growth factor beta mRNA expression within lesions and a more dramatic increase in lymph node IFN-gamma transcript levels within 4 days after treatment. In comparison, similar treatment of infected BALB/c mice led to only a moderate increase in IFN-gamma transcripts but no decrease in mRNA levels for Th2-type cytokines. Treatment of CB6F1 mice with either IL-12 or anti-IL-4 antibody had no significant effect on the subsequent course of infection, whereas combined IL-12 plus anti-IL-4 treatment resulted in a decrease in lesion size and parasite numbers and a shift towards a Th1-dominant response. These results suggest that the immediate effects of cytokine or anti-cytokine therapy may be predictive of the long-term effects on the course of infection and that down-regulation of Th-2 type cytokines may be critical to the development of a Th1-dominant response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4