title: Adrenomedullin augments inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cytokine-stimulated cardiac myocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma levels of adrenomedullin are increased in patients with congestive heart failure, but there has been no report concerning the effects of adrenomedullin on the heart. We investigated the effects of adrenomedullin on NO synthase activity in cardiac myocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured the production of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes with the Griess reagent. Inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein expression were assayed by Northern and Western blotting, respectively. Incubation of the cultures with interleukin-1 beta (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours caused a significant increase in nitrite accumulation. Adrenomedullin significantly augmented nitrite production by interleukin-1 beta-stimulated but not by unstimulated cardiac myocytes in a dose-dependent manner (10(-10) to 10(-6) mol/L). The adrenomedullin-induced nitrite production by interleukin-1 beta-stimulated cells was accompanied by increased inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein expression. In the presence of dibutyryl cAMP, the interleukin-1 beta-induced nitrite accumulation was increased further, but the stimulatory effect of adrenomedullin on nitrite production was abolished. Adrenomedullin dose-dependently increased intracellular cAMP levels in cardiac myocytes. Addition of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP[8-37] to the culture dose-dependently inhibited both cAMP and NO generation stimulated by adrenomedullin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that adrenomedullin acts on cardiac myocytes and augments NO synthesis in these cells under cytokine-stimulated conditions, at least partially through a cAMP-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan. uikeda@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanbe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009573:Nitrites; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase