title: Hidden impact of paramedic interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine current patterns of deployment and use of emergency ambulance crews in Nottinghamshire, with particular reference to crew status (technician or paramedic), case mix, interventions performed, and operational times.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective survey of routinely collected computerised ambulance service despatch data, and patient treatment forms for 242 randomly selected emergency callouts in Nottinghamshire, during September 1994. Data were collected on patient demography, broad diagnostic group, crew status and operational times, and paramedic interventions performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  170 of 242 callouts (70%) involved a paramedic crew; extended skills were used on 31 of these occasions (18%), predominantly for medical emergencies. Paramedic crews recorded significantly longer on-scene times (median time: 14.0 v 11.5 min, P = 0.04). An examination of the difference between paramedics who performed interventions and those who did not revealed that "intervening" paramedics recorded significantly longer onscene times (median time: 23 v 12 min, P < 0.001), turnaround times (median time: 28 v 18 min, P < 0.001), and total out-of-service times (median time 73 v 51 min, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The additional time taken by paramedics at the scene of an emergency incident relates to their performance of an intervention, rather than time spent assessing the patient to decide whether stabilisation or immediate evacuation would be most appropriate. Paramedic interventions were most often performed for medical emergencies. The performance of paramedic interventions also extended turnaround times and total out-of-service times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Powar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Van-Tam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dove
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000552:Ambulances; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D000078329:Workforce