title: Angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) and microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and to investigate the relations among angiogenesis, stromal inflammation, and depth of invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of women were studied: 22 controls who had undergone hysterectomy for benign conditions; 18 with squamous cell CIS of the cervix who underwent cone biopsy, hysterectomy, or both; and 14 with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma who underwent conization of the cervix and subsequent surgical management according to depth of invasion. All specimens were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen. Areas below the basement membrane with the highest angiogenic density were selected. The degree of stromal inflammatory reaction was assessed. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis, analyses of variance and covariance, Scheffe and Bonferroni-Dunn post hoc procedures, and Pearson correlation analysis. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microvessel counts per high-power field (x 400) of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix differed significantly from those of controls and squamous cell CIS (median 34.5 per high-power field, range 9-76 versus median 17, range 7-47, and median 19, range 8-39, respectively; P < .005). Microvessel counts per high-power field in squamous cell CIS did not differ significantly from those of controls (P = .91). Among patients with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, no significant correlation was found between microvessel counts per high-power field and the depth of invasion (r = 0.19, P = .51). Stromal inflammatory reaction (graded 0-3) differed significantly among controls, squamous cell CIS, and microinvasive carcinoma (mean 0.40, 0.83, and 1.64, respectively; P < .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is angiogenic, but depth of invasion is not associated with increased angiogenicity. Squamous cell CIS is not angiogenic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cabell Huntingtom Hospital, Marshall University School of Medicine, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abulafia
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Triest
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sherer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology