title: Gravitational acceleration as a cue for absolute size and distance?
abstract: When an object's motion is influenced by gravity, as in the rise and fall of a thrown ball, the vertical component of acceleration is roughly constant at 9.8 m/sec2. In principle, an observer could use this information to estimate the absolute size and distance of the object (Saxberg, 1987a; Watson, Banks, von Hofsten, & Royden, 1992). In five experiments, we examined people's ability to utilize the size and distance information provided by gravitational acceleration. Observers viewed computer simulations of an object rising and falling on a trajectory aligned with the gravitational vector. The simulated objects were balls of different diameters presented across a wide range of simulated distances. Observers were asked to identify the ball that was presented and to estimate its distance. The results showed that observers were much more sensitive to average velocity than to the gravitational acceleration pattern. Likewise, verticality of the motion and visibility of the trajectory's apex had negligible effects on the accuracy of size and distance judgments.
authors.affiliation: Universität Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Banks
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004215:Distance Perception; D005556:Form Perception; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D011601:Psychophysics; D012858:Size Perception