CAR1, a TNFR-related protein, is a cellular receptor for cytopathic avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses and mediates apoptosis.
Viral envelope (Env)-receptor interactions have been implicated in the cell death associated with infection by subgroups B and D avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses (ALVs). A chicken protein, CAR1, was identified that permitted infection of mammalian cells by these viral subgroups. CAR1 bound to a viral Env fusion protein, comprising an ALV-B surface Env protein and the Fc region of an immunoglobulin, indicating that it is a specific viral receptor. CAR1 contains two extracellular cysteine-rich domains characteristic of the TNFR family and a cytoplasmic region strikingly similar to the death domain of TNFR1 and Fas, implicating this receptor in cell killing. Chicken embryo fibroblasts susceptible to ALV-B infection and transfected quail QT6 cells expressing CAR1 underwent apoptosis in response to the Env-Ig fusion protein, demonstrating that this cytopathic ALV receptor can mediate cell death.
Brojatsch
J
J
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Naughton
J
J
Rolls
M M
MM
Zingler
K
K
Young
J A
JA
D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D001355:Alpharetrovirus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001119:Arginase / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D019556:COS Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D011784:Quail; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D001119:Arginase