title: Cyclic AMP induces apolipoprotein E binding activity and promotes cholesterol efflux from a macrophage cell line to apolipoprotein acceptors.
abstract: RAW 264 mouse macrophage cells were stably transfected with human apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression vectors. Clonal derivatives were characterized for expression of the human apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4 isoforms. An apoE4-expressing clonal cell line and a non-expressing clonal control cell line were loaded overnight with either [3H]cholesterol or [3H]choline. The cells were washed and incubated for 24 h in serum-free medium with or without the addition of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br-cAMP). Only the apoE-secreting cells and only in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP released large amounts of labeled cholesterol or phosphatidylcholine into the medium. Mass analyses of cellular free and esterified cholesterol confirmed the results of the labeling studies; a decrease in cellular cholesterol content was observed in the 8-Br-cAMP-treated apoE-secreting cells, concurrent with an increase in cholesterol found in the medium. FPLC analysis of the medium demonstrated that 8-Br-cAMP treatment of the apoE-secreting cells led to an increased size fraction and amount of a peak of secreted cholesterol which comigrated with apoE. The 8-Br-cAMP-mediated increase in cholesterol efflux was also observed in non-apoE-secreting cells incubated with exogenous apoE or apoAI, and the effect of apoE was saturable. The apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4 isoforms were equally efficient in promoting 8-Br-cAMP-dependent cholesterol efflux. Reductive methylation of apoE abolished its ability to promote 8-Br-cAMP-dependent cholesterol efflux. Brefeldin A and monensin, inhibitors of protein processing through the Golgi, both blocked the 8-Br-cAMP stimulation of cholesterol efflux to exogenous apoE. 8-Br-cAMP induced specific apoE and apoAI binding, but not apoE degradation, by the RAW cells. We present a model wherein cAMP induces a membrane apolipoprotein receptor that does not lead to endocytosis and degradation, but instead promotes the transfer of lipids to apolipoproteins, which can then be released from the cell.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grigaux
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shmookler
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Plump
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism*; D020126:Brefeldin A; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007476:Ionophores; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D020126:Brefeldin A; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D008985:Monensin; D002784:Cholesterol; D000242:Cyclic AMP