title: Lipids and stroke: a paradox resolved.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although dyslipidemia is a well established risk factor for coronary artery disease, its relationship to ischemic cerebrovascular disease has remained unclear, perhaps because of the heterogeneous nature of strokes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study, we measured the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) levels and determined the apolipoprotein E phenotype and serum ferritin level in 90 consecutive systematically investigated patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack of atherothrombotic origin. Ninety age-, sex-, and community-matched subjects served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma total cholesterol (5.99 vs 5.45 mmol/L [232 vs 211 mg/dL], P=.003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.96 vs 3.45 mmol/L [153 vs 133 mg/dL], P=.004), and serum triglyceride (2.09 vs 1.82 mmol/L [8] vs 70 mg/dL], P=.03) levels were significantly higher among the patients with atherothrombotic strokes and transient ischemic attacks than among the control subjects. The inverse was true for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.07 vs 1.18 mmol/L [41 vs 46 mg/dL], P=.02) levels. No significant differences were found in lipoprotein(a) levels or in the distribution of apolipoprotein E phenotypes or allele frequency. Serum ferritin levels did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are significant independent risk factors in patients with proven atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease manifesting as stroke or transient ischemic attack. The level of stored serum iron, as reflected by serum ferritin levels, does not correlate with the presence of atherothrombotic cerebrovascular or coronary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre-University Campus, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hachinski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graffagnino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaudry
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doig
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D005293:Ferritins