title: Blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion in resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Correlation with TNM stage and disease free and overall survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this prospective study was to assess in 96 patients with resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) the prevalence of both blood and lymphatic vessel invasion (BVI and LVI) according to stage, as well as their prognostic value for disease free and overall survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  BVI and LVI were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin stains on surgical specimens after resection. Associations among variables were tested by Fisher's exact test or the chi-square test; prognostic values on time-failure data were analyzed by the log rank test and the multivariate Cox model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BVI was present in 52% of NSCLC cases and LVI in 59%. Venous but not arterial vascular invasion correlated with the T factor and pTNM, whereas LVI correlated with the N factor and pTNM. In univariate analysis, LVI but not BVI was associated with a short disease free interval (P = 0.0007) and poor survival (P = 0.0001). The estimated relative risk of death in patients with LVI was 3.2 compared with patients without LVI. In multivariate analysis, LVI and pTNM were additional predictors for poor disease free and overall survival. In this series, BVI had no prognostic value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of BVI and LVI appeared high in patients with NSCLC, especially those with advanced pTNM stages. LVI was predictive of poor outcome, both time to recurrence and death.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bréchot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chevret
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Appere de Vecchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capron
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prudent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rochemaure
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chastang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate