title: Magnetic stimulation of muscle evokes cerebral potentials by direct activation of nerve afferents: a study during muscle paralysis.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that magnetic stimulation of muscle evokes cerebral potentials by causing a muscle contraction that then activates muscle receptors. We measured cerebral evoked potentials accompanying magnetic stimulation of muscle in 3 patients during surgery both before and after muscle paralysis with succinylcholine, a depolarizing agent. The magnetic stimulation was at low intensity (30%) and at a 2/s rate. The administration of succinylcholine sufficient to produce muscle paralysis did not alter cerebral potentials evoked by either low-intensity magnetic stimulation of muscle (gastrocnemius/soleus) or electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve (tibial nerve). In 1 normal subject, the S1 nerve root action potentials conducting at rapid velocity (> 60 m/s) were detected at the S1 foramen with a needle electrode using electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve. However, no S1 nerve root potentials could be identified to magnetic stimulation of muscle that evoked a cerebral potential. We conclude that magnetic stimulation of muscle activates terminal afferents in the muscle to provide the afferent drive for the cerebral potentials independent of muscle contraction. The failure to detect the afferent volley in S1 nerve root to magnetic stimulation suggests that only a few afferents are activated or that the activation of afferents is temporally dispersed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine 92717, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haldeman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013390:Succinylcholine
chemical_list: D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D013390:Succinylcholine