title: Assessment of medication compliance in alcoholics through UV light detection of a riboflavin tracer.
abstract: Compliance with the medication regimen in treatment trials for alcoholism appears to be a key determinant of treatment outcome. However, there is no consensus as to the best method to assess medication compliance. This study examines the feasibility of using ultraviolet light detection of a urinary riboflavin tracer to determine compliance with medication therapy. Six sets of urine specimens (with n ranging from 15 to 38) were rated independently by two judges. Test-retest reliability was high: 90 and 95% agreement for two judges. Inter-rater reliability ranged from 73 to 95% agreement between judges (mean = 88%), with correspondence kappa values ranging from 0.46 to 0.85 (mean = 0.69). Diaries, capsule counts, and spectrofluorimetric data were used to validate judges' ratings in four trials, including one in which subjects were alcohol-dependent participants in one of three pharmacotherapy trials. Rating accuracy was influenced by dosage, time interval between ingestion and urine collection, and previous dosing. Overall, ratings tended to be accurate, with incorrect judgments limited to specimens with low concentrations of urinary riboflavin. The results indicate that ultraviolet light detection of urinary riboflavin is a useful method for the assessment of patient compliance with medication regimens, including compliance of patients assigned to receive placebo in clinical trials of medications for alcoholism treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Del Boca
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kranzler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Korner
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000652:urine; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002065:Buspirone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D002065:Buspirone; D005473:Fluoxetine; D016666:Fluvoxamine; D012256:Riboflavin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors