title: Use of a lactoferrin assay in the differential diagnosis of female genital tract infections and implications for the pathophysiology of bacterial vaginosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lactoferrin has served as a marker for leukocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMN]) in clinical specimens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential of a lactoferrin latex agglutination test in the differential diagnosis of female genital infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lactoferrin was quantified in the vaginal discharge of women with genital infections. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were added to vaginal discharge and observed over 8 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaginal lactoferrin titers were significantly elevated in women with trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Using a lactoferrin titer of > or = 1:40, the assay has a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 83.3% for the presence of trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis. Vaginal discharge from women with BV significantly destroyed added PMN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaginal lactoferrin determinations may provide a useful screen for inflammatory genital infections and identify individuals who require additional diagnostic evaluation. The observed absence of PMN in bacterial vaginosis may result from the destruction of PMN in vaginal discharge rather than the absence of a primary inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guerrant
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007781:Lactoferrin