title: EEG reactivity correlates with neuropsychological test scores in Down's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Down's syndrome patients express a neurodegenerative disorder and mental retardation. We studied the reactivity of EEG and its correlation with neuropsychological test score in Down's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 32 patients with Down's syndrome and 31 controls for blocking of occipital EEG activity. The temporo-occipital EEG with eyes open (EO) was compared with resting EEG with eyes closed (EC), (EC/EO ratio).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Down patients and controls showed significant diminution of alpha, beta and theta activity and decrease of EEG frequency with EO. However, there was a significant impairment in Down patients in the EC/EO ratio in alpha band, compared to controls. The controls had no correlation of the alpha EC/EO ratio with age or gender. The Down patients showed a significant correlation of this variable with age which is in accordance with a gradually progressing disease. They had also significant correlations of the alpha EC/EO ratio and neuropsychological test scores which indicates that this ratio may be a more general measure of cerebral or hemispherical dysfunction than a mere impairment of visual activation. Down patients also showed significant differences in resting EEG variables, compared to the controls, even if the conventional EEG showed normal or mildly slowed dominant occipital rhythm in most of the patients. The correlation analysis between resting EEG and EC/EO ratio variables pointed out that they are relatively independent, representing different factors in the regulation of EEG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the alpha EC/EO ratio of EEG add a new domain in the assessment of cerebral dysfunction in Down's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Partanen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Könönen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kilpeläinen
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Helkala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riekkinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008182:Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology