title: Successful oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the outcome of a modified oral desensitization protocol for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and allergy to sulfonamides who failed alternative therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nature of allergic reactions, toxicity of alternate medications, indication as well as outcome of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole desensitization and routine laboratory determinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was generalized, pruritic maculopapular rash (n = 10, 76.9%) followed by urticaria/angioedema in two patients (15.38%). Two patients had generalized pruritus without rash. All patients (n = 13) tolerated oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole without any adverse reactions including three patients who were critically ill and on mechanical ventilation. Thus the success rate of our protocol was 100%. No patient had received antihistamines prior to or during the protocol. Four patients (5, 6, 7, and 9) were receiving prednisone for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Total followup has ranged from 4 to 84 weeks. Two patients died during followup due to causes unrelated to desensitization. All other patients are tolerating trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole without any allergic reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as per this protocol is safe, in that there were no systemic or cutaneous reactions during desensitization as well as followup. It is well tolerated in all patients, including the three critically ill patients. As judged by the outcome and ability to tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole after desensitization, the procedure is successful in all patients in this study. Equipped with this protocol one can evaluate possible mechanisms of desensitization such as oral tolerance or mediator depletion in a controlled fashion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy/Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medicine State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalanadhabhatta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muppidi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination