title: Maternal exposure to potential inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II and infant leukemia (United States): a report from the Children's Cancer Group.
abstract: Nearly 80 percent of infant leukemias present with an abnormality involving the MLL gene at 11q23. Moreover, secondary acute myeloid leukemias (AML) that occur as the result of chemotherapy agents, which are known to inhibit DNA topoisomerase II, often manifest the same MLL abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that de novo infant leukemias may occur as a result of maternal exposure to agents in diet and medications that inhibit DNA topoisomerase II. Three epidemiologic studies of childhood leukemia with similar methodologies were conducted in the United States and Canada over the past 10 years by the Children's Cancer Group (CCG). Of the total 771 mothers of infants diagnosed at one year of age or less (< 12.5 months) who originally were interviewed (303 infant cases and 468 matched controls) across the three studies, follow-up questionnaire data on maternal exposure to potential DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors during pregnancy were available on 84 cases and 97 matched controls in the US. For maternal diet, a composite variable was created that consisted of 10 foods identified alpha priori as containing DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. There were no significant trends with increasing maternal consumption for either the overall group, or the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) stratum. However, within the AML stratum, there was a statistically significant positive association (P trend = 0.04) with increasing consumption of DNA topoisomerase II-inhibitor containing foods (odds ratio [OR] = 9.8, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-84.8; OR = 10.2, CI = 1.1-96.4; for medium and high consumption, respectively). Other potential topoisomerase II inhibitors were explored; no significant findings were found. Results of this preliminary study, in combination with molecular data, should be used in future investigations of childhood leukemia (particularly, infant) to justify the incorporation of a detailed dietary history.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Reaman
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Pendergrass
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Robison
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005502:Food; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000453:epidemiology; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors