title: The size and position of heterologous insertions in a silent locus differentially affect pilin recombination in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
abstract: Gonococcal pilus antigenic and phase variation result from unidirectional, RecA-dependent recombination of DNA sequences from a silent pilin copy (pilS) into the expressed pilin gene (pilE). To develop a quantitative assay for pilin gene recombination that is independent of phase variation, a promoterless cat gene was inserted into pilS, and recombination of "cat into pilE was detected by selection of chloramphenicol-resistant (CmR) variants expressing "cat from the pilin promoter. Although RecA-dependent CmR variants occurred, none were generated by the simple transfer of "cat into pilE. Instead, each CmR variant contained a new pilin locus that was a hybrid of sequences from the pilE and the pilS1::cat loci in addition to the two starting loci. Therefore, this system could not be used to quantify antigenic variation. However, combined studies of these hybrid loci and of recombination products generated during additional pilS mutational analyses demonstrated that both the size and position of an insertion in pilS differentially affect pilin recombination. Also, the hybrid loci appear to be intermediates of antigenic variation. This enabled the creation of molecular models for the recombination reactions that result in pilin antigenic variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology-immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Howell-Adams
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seifert
mesh_terms: D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002702:Chloramphenicol Resistance; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C074063:pilE protein, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; C080687:pilS protein, Bacteria; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins