title: Functional imaging of the retina using the multifocal electroretinograph: a control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new technique exists that enables functional mapping of the retina. A control population was examined to obtain normative values and to assess the reproducibility of this new test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy volunteers were tested using a 61 hexagonal array stimulus with a 14 minute recording period. Median 5th and 95th percentiles were determined for implicit times and amplitude measures for the 61 test areas. Repeat measurements were performed on 10 individuals. Wilcoxon and Bland and Altman techniques were used to quantify reproducibility of the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implicit time of the wave-form components was not found to vary over the retina (peak or b-wave component, 35.52 (1.4) ms; trough or a-wave component, 17.76 (0.8) ms). Reproducibility was found to decrease with eccentricity (coefficient of repeatability 17.4% for the central area increasing to 30.3% for the peripheral ring).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that reproducibility, although variable with eccentricity, is comparable with conventional electrophysiology. These limits of variation were used to assign confidence intervals to individual retinal areas and will be used (future work) in the examination of diseased states.
authors.affiliation: Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, West Glasgow University NHS Trust.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*