title: Carcinoid tumors of the orbit: a dilemma of diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: Carcinoid tumors arise from the gastrointestinal tract or the bronchial tree, and tumors of either origin produce symptoms locally or secrete amines that produce a carcinoid syndrome systemically. Metastatic carcinoid tumors to the orbit are rare and, thus, present a special problem in diagnosis and treatment. We describe a case of metastatic orbital carcinoid that presented itself 6 years prior to the discovery of the primary ileal lesion. This case report describes the unusual presentation, reviews previously published data, and addresses controversial opinions regarding therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Toukhy
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Abdul-Karim
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007078:Ileal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D017233:Orbit Evisceration; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed