title: Chromosomal mapping of a family of human glutamine synthetase genes: functional gene (GLUL) on 1q25, pseudogene (GLULP) on 9p13, and three related genes (GLULL1, GLULL2, GLULL3) on 5q33, 11p15, and 11q24.
abstract: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate to glutamine using ammonia as the nitrogen source. Using human GS cDNA as a probe, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of two-fold coverage of the human genome was screened, and 18 clones were obtained. The restriction analysis of the human insert DNAs provided a basis to divide these 18 BAC clones into five groups, suggesting the existence of a GS gene family in the human genome. PCR analysis using three sets of primers designed from the reported sequences for GS cDNA and a processed pseudogene identified the corresponding BAC clones. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed the chromosomal localization of these five genes: the GS gene to 1q25 (GLUL), the processed pseudogene to 9p13 (GLULP), and three related gene to 5q33 (GLULL1), 11p15 (GLULL2), and 11q24 (GLULL3), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D015723:Gene Library; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011544:Pseudogenes
chemical_list: D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase