title: The Charles procedure: misquoted and misunderstood since 1950.
abstract: The Charles procedure, named for Sir Richard Henry Havelock Charles, is an eponym for a surgical treatment of leg lymphedema. Sir Havelock led a fascinating life, with his travels taking him to India, the Afghan territories, and the Court of King George V of England. At the turn of this century, Sir Havelock published material describing a series of 140 consecutive patients treated successfully for scrotal lymphedema. In a book chapter published a decade later, entitled "Elephantiasis Scroti," Sir Havelock briefly described the treatment of leg lymphedema but did not document a single successful case report. The name of Sir Havelock Charles was absent from the literature until 1950, when Sir Archibald McIndoe attributed the treatment of leg lymphedema with radical excision and skin grafting to Sir Havelock. References to Charles for the treatment of leg lymphedema have proliferated since that time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dumanian
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Futrell
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D004850:Eponyms; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum / Q000601:surgery*