title: Tobacco use prevalence and correlates among adolescents in a clinician initiated tobacco prevention trial in California, USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Baseline data for the clinician initiated, tobacco prevention trial, the first non-school based clinician mediated tobacco prevention study, were used to explore the degree to which young people receiving orthodontic treatment use tobacco and the differences in use rates between national, California, and patient samples. Correlates of tobacco use were identified and these correlates were contrasted with findings from the published reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 26 item telephone survey assessed demographic information, tobacco use, selected health related behaviours, and variables based on social learning theory. The study was conducted among 11 to 18 year old orthodontic patients from San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles Counties, California, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 17925 patients who were eligible, 16915 (> 94%) completed the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses were conducted using a logistic mixed effects model. Although the 30 day prevalence rate of tobacco use (6%, n = 1010) proved lower than California and national samples, the rates for the age, gender, and race ethnicity subgroups showed trends similar to those seen in California and national samples. Ten variables were significantly associated with tobacco use (p < 0.05), including 30 day alcohol use (OR = 7.88), age (OR = 1.32), and living with a tobacco user (OR = 1.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because 6% of orthodontic patients use tobacco, interventions are warranted to reach the health "Objectives for the Nation". Patterns of correlates of tobacco use were essentially the same for orthodontic patients, California, and national samples, suggesting that these associations are generalisable.
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology, San Diego State University, CA 92182-0405, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hovell
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Slymen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burkham-Kreitner
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors