title: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis and endoscopic management of biliary complications after liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biliary reconstruction in orthotopic liver transplantation is increasingly being performed without T tube drainage. This increases the difficulty of diagnosing subsequent biliary tract problems, with a greater reliance placed on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the diagnosis of biliary tract complications. The usefulness of ERCP was evaluated in patients who underwent liver transplant where biliary reconstruction was not done with T tube drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of the case notes of 90 patients who underwent liver transplantation, and in whom the biliary reconstruction was by end to end choledochocholedochostomy without T tube splintage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERCP was performed as the primary procedure to investigate a suspected biliary complication in 30 patients (33%). The procedure was successful in 26 patients (87%), and showed a biliary stricture in 12 patients and a bile leak in six patients. ERCP was normal in seven patients and demonstrated dilated ducts alone in one patient. Six of the biliary strictures were successfully dilated endoscopically (50%), but none of the bile leaks resolved with endoscopic drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the diagnostic role of ERCP post liver transplant. The therapeutic role requires clearer evaluation with a controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rolles
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Burroughs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome