Rhinovirus inhibits antigen-specific T cell proliferation through an intercellular adhesion molecule-1-dependent mechanism.
To determine whether binding of human rhinovirus (HRV) to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 might disrupt airway immune processes, effects of a major HRV group, HRV-16, on T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were defined. HRV (1-10 TCID50/cell) significantly inhibited T cell proliferation induced by antigen but not proliferation secondary to mitogens, interleukin-2, or an irradiated allogeneic T cell line. Noninfectious (UV-irradiated) HRV had similar effects. Inhibition of T cell proliferation was dependent on HRV binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on monocytes, indicating that the virus interferes with lymphocyte activation indirectly through effects on antigen-presenting cells. In addition, HRV inhibited T cell cytotoxic responses but not NK cell activity. If these effects also occur in vivo, the resulting disturbance in local airway immunity could increase the chances of successful viral replication, and might also be a factor in the pathogenesis of secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections.
Gern
J E
JE
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, USA.
Joseph
B
B
Galagan
D M
DM
Borcherding
W R
WR
Dick
E C
EC
D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000821:virology; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D011485:Protein Binding; D012229:Rhinovirus; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008934:Mitogens; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C062554:Win 54954; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013300:Streptokinase