title: Characterization of a prolinase gene and its product and an adjacent ABC transporter gene from Lactobacillus helveticus.
abstract: A prolinase (pepR) gene was cloned from an industrial Lactobacillus helveticus strain (53/7). Three clones, hybridizing with a gene probe specific for a peptidase shown to have activity against di- and tripeptides, were detected from a L. helveticus genomic library constructed in Escherichia coli. None of the three clones, however, showed enzyme activity against the di- or tripeptide substrates tested. One of the clones, carrying a vector with a 5.5 kb insert, was further characterized by DNA sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of two ORFs, ORF1 and ORF2 of 912 and 1602 bp, respectively. ORF2, located upstream of and in the opposite orientation to ORF1, had a promoter region overlapping that of ORF1. ORF1 had the capacity to encode a 35083 Da protein. When amplified by PCR, ORF1 with its control regions specified a 35 kDa protein in E. coli that was able to hydrolyse dipeptides, with highest activity against Pro-Leu, whereas from the tripeptides tested, only Leu-Leu-Leu was slowly degraded. By the substrate-specificity profile and protein homologies, the 35 kDa protein was identified as a prolinase. The activity of the cloned prolinase was inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Northern and primer-extension analyses of ORF1 revealed a 1.25 kb transcript and two adjacent transcription start sites, respectively, thus confirming the DNA sequence data. ORF2 had encoding capacity for a 59.5 kDa protein that showed significant homology to several members of the family of ABC transporters. Determination of the mRNA levels at different growth phases revealed that the pepR gene and ORF2 are transcribed in L. helveticus at the exponential and stationary phases of growth, respectively. Furthermore, two ORF2 deletion constructs, carrying the intact pepR gene, showed that this upstream operon adversely affected PepR activity in E. coli, which explains the enzymic inactivity of the original clones.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Food Research Institute, Jokioinen 31600, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varmanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wl 53706, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Food Research Institute, Jokioinen 31600, Finland.
authors.forename: Airi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palva
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004150:Dipeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004150:Dipeptidases; C022454:prolyl dipeptidase