title: Smear layer instability caused by hemostatic agents.
abstract: The effect of hemostatic agents, other than a 15.5% Fe2(SO4)3 solution, on prepared tooth structure is unknown. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the effect of six commonly used hemostatic solutions and two nondental astringents on the dentinal smear layer and (2) determine whether different responses caused by product and/or time could be established. Standardized dentinal smear layers were exposed to eight astringent solutions for 30, 120, and 300 seconds (n = 6). A total of 144 SEM photographs at x2400 magnification were ranked according to predetermined criteria for five categories of smear layer removal and etching of underlying tooth structure. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) caused by the solution, exposure time, and their interaction. Greatest smear layer removal was observed with 21.3% AlCl3-6 hydrate, 8% racemic epinephrine HCl, and 15.5% Fe2(SO4)3 solutions at longer exposures. These caused significantly more removal than did almost pH neutral tetrahydrozoline or oxymetazoline (p < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Southern Illinois University, School of Dental Medicine, Alton, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Couri
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001252:Astringents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D064705:Racepinephrine; D016369:Smear Layer; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001252:Astringents; D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006490:Hemostatics; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; C024823:ferric sulfate; D010109:Oxymetazoline; D064705:Racepinephrine; C005810:tetrahydrozoline; D004837:Epinephrine