title: Gender influence on weight-loss pattern and survival of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender has recently emerged as a discriminating factor in nonsmall lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patient outcome. Since the potential for interaction among established prognostic factors and gender in this common disease has not been explored, the authors evaluated the role of gender and weight-loss pattern in predicting clinical outcome in a balanced population of men and women presenting with NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a tumor registry population of 368 NSCLC patients, a gender-balanced sample of 152 cases was randomly selected for review, using prospective inclusion criteria. Study parameters were age, race, tobacco and alcohol history, gender, weight-loss pattern, histology, TNM stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and therapy. Influences of study variables on Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival were subsequently determined using univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall median survival after diagnosis was significantly shorter for men with NSCLC than for women with the disease (40 vs. 78 weeks, P = 0.001). Men lost significantly more weight over their disease course than women (12.2 vs. 5.4 pounds, P = 0.006) and experienced an eightfold faster rate of initial weight loss (0.25 vs. 0.03 pounds per week, P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the strongest independent predictors of NSCLC patient survival were stage of disease, initial weight-loss rate, and gender (all P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that weight loss may play a role in mediating gender-related differences in NSCLC patient survival and provide an impetus for further studies of gender influence on cancer outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Palomares
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sayre
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Shekar
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lillington
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chlebowski
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D015431:Weight Loss