title: Husbandry practices employed by private aviculturists, bird markets and zoo collections, which may be conducive to fostering infectious diseases.
abstract: Zoos, quarantine stations, and bird markets, dealers and breeders are in the business of propagating or moving birds. Facilities often house and transport birds which have unknown histories of exposure to disease. As few tests are available for disease screening and monitoring in exotic avian species, familiarization with significant avian pathogens will enable the manager and veterinarian to recognize and prevent a disease outbreak. Implementing aviary management practices which minimize the spread of pathogens, in conjunction with quarantine and the proper handling of birds during shipment, can greatly reduce the threat of disease. The author reviews the husbandry practices (caging, nutrition, transport, quarantine) which can reduce the incidence and spread of infectious disease. Significant avian pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites) are listed, together with their host range and modes of transmission.
authors.affiliation: Walt Disney World Co., Wild Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830-1000, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001717:Birds; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D006799:Housing, Animal; D011790:Quarantine; D014186:Transportation