title: Adenosine receptor ligands: differences with acute versus chronic treatment.
abstract: Adenosine receptors have been the target of intense research with respect to potential use of selective ligands in a variety of therapeutic areas. Caffeine and theophylline are adenosine receptor antagonists, and over the past three decades a wide range of selective agonists and antagonists for adenosine receptor subtypes have been developed. A complication to the therapeutic use of adenosine receptor ligands is the observation that the effects of acute administration of a particular ligand can be diametrically opposite to the chronic effects of the same ligand. This 'effect inversion' is discussed here by Ken Jacobson and colleagues, and has been observed for effects on cognitive processes, seizures and ischaemic damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: von Lubitz
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Fredholm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists