title: Expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme upon induction of lymphocyte differentiation and V(D)J recombination.
abstract: Murine preB lymphocytes grow in tissue culture in the presence of stromal cells and interleukin 7 (IL-7), and can be induced to differentiate to surface-immunoglobulin-positive B cells in vitro by withdrawal of IL-7. Upon differentiation, proliferation ceases, and upregulation of Rag-1 and Rag-2 expression, and induction of V(D)J immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements occur. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is required for effective V(D)J recombination and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The holoenzyme comprises a catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the Ku heterodimer (Ku70/Ku80). We have analyzed expression of Ku70, Ku80 and DNA-PKcs upon induction of differentiation in preB cells derived from wild-type, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and Rag-2-/- mice. Protein levels of Ku80 and Ku70 moderately decrease after induction in all three cell types. A distinct polypeptide that crossreacts with anti-Ku Ig appears in the cytoplasm of wild-type and Rag-2-/- cells, but not of SCID cells. In mouse preB cells, Ku70 and Ku80 are present in the nuclei and cytoplasm before and after onset of differentiation. In vivo, Ku70 is predominantly expressed in V(D)J-recombination-active, early-preB and CD4-/CD8- thymocyte cell populations. Upon differentiation, protein levels of DNA-PKcs are unaltered. DNA-PK activity, which is not detectable in SCID cells, increases in wild-type and Rag-2-/- cells more than twofold shortly after induction of differentiation, then falls back to about 50% of starting levels.
authors.affiliation: Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grawunder
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Finnie
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riwar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jessberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004265:DNA Helicases; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015322:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D003067:Coenzymes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; C064655:V(D)J recombination activating protein 2; C064658:RAG-1 protein; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004265:DNA Helicases; C106893:XRCC5 protein, human; C000606509:Xrcc6 protein, human; C000606510:Xrcc6 protein, mouse; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen