title: Minor physical anomalies in psychoses: associations with clinical and putative aetiological variables.
abstract: This study of patients with functional psychoses set out to examine associations between minor physical anomalies (MPAs) and demographic, clinical, CT scan measures, and putative aetiological variables. 157 psychotic patients had minor physical anomalies assessed using a modified Waldrop scale. RDC diagnoses for these patients were: schizophrenia (n = 79), schizoaffective disorder (n = 31), mania (n = 24), major depression (n = 13), unspecified functional psychosis (n = 8), other organic psychosis (n = 2). 63 healthy white controls were also assessed with the modified Waldrop scale. Minor physical anomalies were not associated with any particular diagnosis. For white subjects, patients had significantly more MPAs than well controls. Anomalies of the palate were the most frequent item reported in patients and controls. For males, there was a weak association between the presence of MPAs and positive family history of a major psychiatric disorder. Those with MPAs required more frequent and longer psychiatric admissions, and showed impaired ability on a test sensitive to left parietal system function. Within the patient group, there were no associations between MPAs and gender, age at onset, negative symptoms, premorbid level of functioning, estimated premorbid intelligence, pregnancy and birth complications, and selected CT variables. Minor physical anomalies are found in a range of functional psychoses. There may be overlap between the various genes that predispose to psychiatric illness (especially in males) and those genes that predispose to developmental instability.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Studies Unit, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoyos
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed