title: Cerebral blood flow velocity response induced by a 70-hPa Valsalva manoeuvre associated with normo- and hypergravity in humans.
abstract: Anti-G straining manoeuvres, derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM), are physiological methods for protecting fighter pilots against positive accelerations (+Gz). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a standard VM on cerebral haemodynamics, in normo- and hypergravity. In six healthy male volunteers, we investigated the cerebral blood flow velocity response induced by a 10-s, 70-hPa (52.5 mmHg) VM, under normogravity, +2, +3 and +4 Gz acceleration plateaus. Mean blood flow velocity [formula: see text] in middle cerebral artery was monitored by transcranial Doppler velocimetry. In normogravity, no significant variation in [formula: see text] was observed at the onset of VM. After a maximal period of 1.2 s, while VM was sustained, [formula: see text] decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Following the end of the manoeuvre [formula: see text] did not change significantly. When the expiratory pressure had returned to the control value, [formula: see text] was transiently increased (P < 0.05) before returning to control values. During hypergravity, [formula: see text] was significantly decreased at +3 and +4 Gz (P < 0.05) before the onset of VM. While performing VM under +Gz, the main difference compared to the normogravity condition was a significant increase of [formula: see text] (P < 0.05) at the onset of the manoeuvre. Our findings would suggest that when performed under +Gz stress, a 70-hPa VM can transiently improve cerebral haemodynamics. However, when VM is sustained for more than 1.2 s it results in a lasting decrease of cerebral perfusion which may lower +Gz tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Médecine Aérospatiale, Centre d'Essais en Vol, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ossard
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clère
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerguélen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Melchior
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seylaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity; D008297:Male