title: The modified frisby stereotest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Frisby stereotest commonly is used in clinical practice to estimate stereoacuity. Assessment of the presence or absence of stereopsis is valuable particularly in toddlers because of the difficulties encountered in this age group with assessment of other aspects of visual function, such as monocular visual acuities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study describes two modifications to the Frisby stereotest: 1) the introduction of a nonstereo practice plate; and 2) the use of an auditory "reward" for correct identification of the target. These modifications aim to increase the success rate of the test and provide a means to discriminate between testable and untestable children. Subjects were 165 children aged between 0.5 and 47 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The modifications improved the age range over which results could be obtained with the Frisby test, allowing infants as young as 7 months to complete testing. By 12 months of age, more than 60% of children were able to complete testing. The modifications also allowed the examiner to distinguish untestable children from those without stereopsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By simple modification of the Frisby stereotest, the authors have increased the ease with which the Frisby stereotest can be used to assess stereoacuity in infants and children and provided a means by which children unable to cooperate with testing can be distinguished from those without stereopsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Vision Science, UWCC, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Westall
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015349:Vision, Monocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*