title: Monokine products as predictors of AIDS dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether or not soluble factors produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can predict AIDS dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMC were isolated from individuals with and without AIDS dementia complex (ADC) to determine if the levels of cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, or the production of a neurotoxic substance, were significantly different. PBMC were studied after determining that the numbers of monocyte-derived macrophages isolated by adherence were highly variable from patients with ADC compared with individuals without ADC. We prospectively studied 16 AIDS dementia patients, 13 healthy HIV-seropositive individuals, and eight sero-negative controls. Supernatants from PBMC were assayed for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and alone for neurotoxicity on human neural cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a trend towards worse cognitive and motor performance in patients suffering from ADC but who had no opportunistic infections ('pure dementia'; n = 8). Levels of PBMC IL-6 were significantly higher in 'pure dementia' patients. There was a trend towards lower levels of PBMC TNF-alpha in the group of patients who had both dementia and opportunistic infections compared with "pure dementia' patients. Supernatant from PBMC of ADC patients was significantly more neurotoxic than that from healthy HIV-seropositive individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macrophage isolation from PBMC of patients with ADC was altered. Soluble factors produced from PBMC were significantly more neurotoxic than soluble factors from PBMC of healthy HIV-seropositive individuals. PBMC production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was not a significant predictor of ADC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulliam
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015846:Monokines / Q000276:immunology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D015846:Monokines; D009498:Neurotoxins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha