title: A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees.
abstract: Bipolar mood disorder (BP) is a debilitating syndrome characterized by episodes of mania and depression. We designed a multistage study to detect all major loci predisposing to severe BP (termed BP-I) in two pedigrees drawn from the Central Valley of Costa Rica, where the population is largely descended from a few founders in the 16th-18th centuries. We considered only individuals with BP-I as affected and screened the genome for linkage with 473 microsatellite markers. We used a model for linkage analysis that incorporated a high phenocopy rate and a conservative estimate of penetrance. Our goal in this study was not to establish definitive linkage but rather to detect all regions possibly harboring major genes for BP-I in these pedigrees. To facilitate this aim, we evaluated the degree to which markers that were informative in our data set provided coverage of each genome region; we estimate that at least 94% of the genome has been covered, at a predesignated threshold determined through prior linkage simulation analyses. We report here the results of our genome screen for BP-I loci and indicate several regions that merit further study, including segments in 18q, 18p, and 11p, in which suggestive lod scores were observed for two or more contiguous markers. Isolated lod scores that exceeded our thresholds in one or both families also occurred on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 15, 16, and 17. Interesting regions highlighted in this genome screen will be followed up using linkage disequilibrium (LD) methods.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McInnes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Escamilla
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Service
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spesny
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baharloo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blankenship
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimayoshi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tobey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Barondes
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sandkuijl
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Freimer
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D003364:Costa Rica; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers