title: The liver-specific promoter of the human insulin-like growth factor-II gene contains two negative regulatory elements.
abstract: The adult liver-specific IGF-II promoter P1 is activated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins alpha and beta. Here we present evidence that promoter P1, in addition to positively regulating elements, contains two elements of 67 nucleotides that form an inverted repeat (IR) and suppress P1 activity. The two IR elements are specifically bound by a protein (inverted repeat binding factor, IRBF). The amounts of IRBF in various cell lines correlate with the levels of suppression of P1 activity, suggesting that this factor is responsible for the suppression of P1 mediated by the IR elements.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, Utrecht University, Graduate School of Developmental Biology, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rodenburg
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Krijger
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Holthuizen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sussenbach
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013489:Suppression, Genetic; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D013937:Thymidine Kinase