title: Evaluation of multiple doses of 4 and 6% timolol, and timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine in clinically normal beagles and beagles with glaucoma.
abstract: Topically applied 4% timolol, 4% timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine, 6% timolol, and 6% timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine were evaluated in clinically normal Beagles and Beagles with glaucoma. The drugs were instilled twice daily for 5 days. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size, and heart rate were recorded on days 1, 3, and 5 at 0, 2, 5, and 8 hours, starting at 8:30 AM. In clinically normal dogs, 4 and 6% topically administered timolol did not cause consistent reductions in IOP; however, with addition of 2% pilocarpine, IOP was consistently lower. In the Beagles with glaucoma, 4 and 6% timolol and, to a greater extent, 4 and 6% timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine lowered IOP. The combinations lowered IOP and reduced pupil size consistently. In all test groups, either 4 or 6% topically applied timolol caused approximately 10% decrease in mean heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0126, USA.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Gelatt
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Larocca
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gelatt
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Strubbe
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: MacKay
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008916:Miotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D008916:Miotics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine; D013999:Timolol