title: [Relapsing epistaxis: embolization as treatment of choice].
abstract: Epistaxis is a very common disease. Fortunately it occurs most commonly in the anterior septal network of blood vessel and is therefore readily controlled with simple local measures. Severe posterior epistaxis is less frequent but is still a common and much more serious clinical problem and usually requires hospitalization. The classic treatment of these epistaxis is combined anterior-posterior nasal packing. Occasionally, however, this treatment does not control bleeding. The most popular alternative for these patient is arterial ligation. Initially only carotid ligation was performed. Later further advances in surgical technique and instrumentation, permitted internal maxillary and etmoid artery ligation to be carried out. However often arterial ligation cannot be easily performed in some ent departments and furthermore, surgical failure rate is not exceptionally high if one consider the numerous hypsilateral-contralateral arterial anastomoses present in the etmoid-nasal region. Fifteen patients with recurring nasal bleeding were treated with embolization between 1991 and 1993. Ten of them suffered of essential epistaxis while the other five had chronic local and/or systemic diseases (hereditary haemorrhagic teleangectasia and angiomas). Analysis of the results show a good control of bleeding in the first group of patients (90% after one embolization) and a satisfactory control in patients with haemorrhagic teleangectasia. In conclusion, owing to its efficacy, speed and safety therapeutic embolization with PVA particles may be considered treatment of choice in recurrent persistent epistaxis.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Otorinolaringoiatria e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, Ospedale Niguarda-Ca Granda Milano.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Moz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grandini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valvassori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies