title: Clinical observations made in nonheat acclimated horses performing treadmill exercise in cool (20 degrees C/40%RH), hot, dry (30 degrees C/40%RH) or hot, humid (30 degrees C/80%RH) conditions.
abstract: Four horses (H, J, N and M) undertook a treadmill competition exercise test (CET), designed to simulate the physiological and metabolic stresses of the Speed and Endurance phase of a 3-day-event, under 3 different environmental conditions: 20 degrees C/40% relative humidity (RH) (cool, dry [CD]: 2 sessions); 30 degrees C/40%RH (hot, dry [HD]) and 30 degrees C/80%RH (hot, humid [HH]) (Marlin et al. 1995). A number of subjective clinical observations were made at designated time points throughout the exercise test and initial recovery period including buccal mucous membrane colouration, capillary refill time, neck and point of shoulder skin pinch recovery time, grade of abdominal sounds; anal sphincter tone as well as the presence or absence of fatigue and ataxia. The aim was to investigate their value in predicting performance in the final canter phase of the CET equivalent to the cross-country or Phase D of a field competition. In addition, the use of a more objective assessment, the cardiac recovery index (CRI), was investigated together with the heart rate, rectal temperature and respiratory frequency at the end of Phase C and at the 8 min point of the 10 Minute Box (8'X). The CRI was calculated according to the formula CRI = P2-P1 where P2 = the heart rate in beats/min at the 8 min point of the '10 Minute Box' (Phase X) of the CET. P1 = the heart rate (beats/min) at the 7 min point just before the horse was made to trot over a distance of 80 m at a speed of 3.7 m/s (at a 3 degrees incline) before returning to a walk. The study suggested that the subjective tests carried out at the 'End-C' and/or '8'X' time points were not useful in predicting subsequent performance in the final canter phase (Phase D) and neither were heart rate, rectal temperature or respiratory frequency. However, the only horse (Horse H) to complete the full CET under HH conditions was the only animal to show a decrease in respiratory frequency between the End-C and 8'X time points. All others showed an obvious increase. Under HH conditions, Horse H also had the lowest CRI. For 3 of the horses the highest CRI value was found under the HH conditions, for the fourth horse an equally high CRI value was found with one of the CD sessions. However, under the HH conditions, both P1 and P2 values were > 100. The study suggested that it could be beneficial if a suitably modified CRI test, as well as a procedure to monitor the change in respiratory frequency during the 10 Minute Box, were evaluated further on the treadmill and in the field with respect to their potential usefulness as additional aids to the assessment of a horse's suitability to proceed to Phase D.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Orme
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Schroter
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Marr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barrelet
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D001831:Body Temperature; D002196:Capillaries / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration