title: Problem solving in endodontic working-length determination.
abstract: The success of nonsurgical endodontic treatment is influenced significantly by accurate working-length determination. A variety of guidelines and techniques are available to clinicians in mastering working-length analysis with routine success achieved when multiple methods are used. This article stresses a cognitive, problem-solving approach in the management of clinical variations in working-length determination and interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*