title: Crystal structure of an antagonist mutant of human growth hormone, G120R, in complex with its receptor at 2.9 A resolution.
abstract: Human growth hormone binds two receptor molecules and thereby induces signal transduction through receptor dimerization. At high concentrations, growth hormone acts as an antagonist because of a large difference in affinities at the respective binding sites. This antagonist action can be enhanced further by reducing binding in the low affinity binding site. A growth hormone antagonist mutant Gly-120 --> Arg, has been crystallized with its receptor as a 1:1 complex and the crystal structure determined at 2.9 A resolution. The 1:1 complex is remarkably similar to the native growth hormone-receptor 1:2 complex. A comparison between the two structures reveals only minimal differences in the conformations of the hormone or its receptor in the two complexes, including the angle between the two immunoglobulin-like domains of the receptor. Further, two symmetry-related 1:1 complexes in the crystal form a 2:2 complex with a large solvent inaccessible area between two receptor molecules. In addition, we present here a native human growth hormone-human growth hormone-binding protein 1:2 complex structure at 2.5 A resolution. One important difference between our structure and the previously published crystal structure at 2.8 A is revealed. Trp-104 in the receptor, a key residue in the hormone-receptor interaction, has an altered conformation in the low affinity site enabling a favorable hydrogen bond to be formed with Asp-116 of the hormone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biochemistry, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Preclinical Research and Development, S-112 87 Stockholm, Sweden. michael.sundstrom@sto.pharmacia.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundström
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rödin
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Giebel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Norstedt
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: C093172:G120R protein, human; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone