title: Echographic evaluation and findings in metastatic melanoma to extraocular muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles is an extremely rare condition characterized by marked enlargement of the involved muscles. The authors describe the echographic characteristics of metastatic melanoma to extraocular muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used standardized echography (standardized A-scan and contact B-scan) to examine two patients known to have malignant melanoma elsewhere with metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles. Both patients had orbital lesions with similar echographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echographically, metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle spares the tendon and produces marked thickening of the muscle belly fibers. Other echographic findings include low internal reflectivity, regular internal structure, and vascularity (similar to uveal melanoma). These previously unreported echographic features may be unique to metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echography can be a useful adjunct in detecting and diagnosing suspected metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles in patients with clinical signs of an orbital mass and known melanoma elsewhere or in the absence of a known primary lesion.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiBernardo
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Iliff
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography