title: The effect of needle size and type in paediatric caudal analgesia.
abstract: A randomized prospective study compared three types of needle for caudal analgesia in 623 children. Inadvertent vascular puncture (bloody tap) was more likely if a child weighed more than 15 kg. There were no significant differences in respect to success or complication rate between the needle types (21 g and 23 g standard bevelled intramuscular (i.m.) needles and 22 g short bevelled 'regional block' needle).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, St Helier and Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Bushnell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radford
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries; D002420:Cauda Equina; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies