title: [Intracellular retention of cytarabine-triphosphate (Ara-CTP) in blasts of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Correlation with clinical course parameters].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cellular uptake and intracellular phosphorylation to the nucleotide cytosine arabinoside-triphosphate (Ara-CTP) is the precondition for the cytostatic effect of cytarabine. The pharmacokinetics of Ara-CTP in leukemic cells was reported to be of clinical importance in adult nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Therefore, the role of intracellular Ara-CTP formation and retention was investigated in blast cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  
  
  METHODS
  At the time of diagnosis, peripheral or bone marrow blast cells from 41 children with ALL and 13 with relapsed ALL were incubated in Ara-C containing medium (1 hour, 1 or 3 micrograms/ml) followed by reincubation in Ara-C free medium (3 h). Intracellular Ara CTP formation and Ara-CTP retention were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ara-CTP formation did not show marked differences between the different immunological subtypes. Ara-CTP retention, however, was significantly lower in T-ALL (37 +/- 15%, n = 8) compared to non-T-ALL (67 +/- 25%, n = 33; p < 0.003). Ara-CTP retention was also significantly different in children with and without persistence of peripheral blast cells after one week of prednison treatment (71 +/- 30%, n = 9 and 53 +/- 19%, n = 21; p = 0.031) as well as in children with and without complete bone marrow remission on day 15 of the ALL-BFM treatment protocol (66 +/- 17%, n = 19 and 43 +/- 18%, n = 11; p = 0.018). Ara-CTP retention was inversely correlated with the risk groups defined by the ALL-BFM treatment protocols (standard 79 +/- 29, intermediate 59 +/- 25, high risk 47 +/- 21%). A trend towards lower Ara-CTP retention was observed in relapsed leukemias (relapsed non-T-ALL 51 +/- 17%, p = 0.061). The difference in the probability of event free survival (following risk group adapted treatment according to ALL-BFM trials) between children with high (> or = 72%; 0.92 +/- 0.08) and low (< 72%: 0.58 +/- 0.15) Ara-CTP retention up to now did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The more rapid decrease of cellular Ara-CTP in T-cell leukemia and children at higher clinical risk groups provide a pharmacokinetic rationale for prolonged infusion duration as an alternative to the intensification by dose escalation alone.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hohenlöchter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulze-Westhoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001085:Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D015452:Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D001085:Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate