title: ONTRAK TESTCUP: a novel, on-site, multi-analyte screen for the detection of abused drugs.
abstract: We developed a rapid, sensitive, and simple-to-use multi-analyte diagnostic device for the detection of drugs of abuse in urine: the ONTRAK TESTCUP. No sample or reagent handling is necessary with this device, and the device also serves as the sample collection cup. The TESTCUP contains immunochromatographic reagents that qualitatively and simultaneously detect the presence of benzoylecgonine, morphine, and cannabinoids (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] in urine. It is based on the principle of competition between the drug in the sample and membrane- immobilized drug conjugate for antidrug antibodies coated on blue-dyed microparticles. Each drug assay has its own strip, which contains an antibody specific to benzoylecgonine, morphine, or THC. A sample is collected in the TESTCUP, a lid is placed on it, and a chamber at the top of the cup is filled with urine by inverting the cup for 5 s. Urine proceeds down immunochromatographic strips, and the assays are developed. In approximately 3-5 min, the Test Valid bars appear, a decal is removed from the detection window, and the results are interpreted. The appearance of a colored bar at the detection window for each drug indicates a negative result. The absence of color in any specific drug detection window indicates a positive result for that drug. If a positive result is obtained, the same device (cup) can be used for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) confirmation. When the precision of the TESTCUP was evaluated, the results obtained were as follows: for urine controls containing drug at 50% of its cutoff concentration, the results were greater than or equal to 96, 98, and 96% negative for benzoylecgonine, morphine, and THC, respectively; for urine controls containing drug at 120% of its cutoff concentration, the results were greater than or equal to 97, 100, and 98% positive for benzoylecgonine, morphine, and THC, respectively. The correlations of clinical sample results using the TESTCUP versus results by GC-MS and the ONTRAK and OnLine assays were assessed. There was 100% agreement between samples prescreened positive by GC-MS and positive by TESTCUP for all three assays. There was 100% agreement between TESTCUP and ONTRAK results and between TESTCUP and OnLine results when testing clinical samples positive and negative for cocaine (benzoylecgonine) or THC. Greater than 99% agreement was observed between TESTCUP and ONTRAK results and between TESTCUP and OnLine results when testing clinical samples positive and negative for morphine. The cross-reactivity of the TESTCUP assay to related drugs and drug metabolites was also determined, and the results were similar to those of the ONTRAK and OnLine assays.
authors.affiliation: International Drug Monitoring Business Unit, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Somerville, NJ 08876, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Towt
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Klimov
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Kravec
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Subuhi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Twarowska
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Salamone
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D007118:Immunoassay; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D009862:Online Systems / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D009020:Morphine; D013759:Dronabinol; D003042:Cocaine