title: Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and cardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transhiatal esophagectomy is a popular method of resection because of its reported lower morbidity and mortality and similar survival rates compared to transthoracic esophagectomy. A review of recent experience with these two procedures for resection of distal esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 1994, 48 patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia were resected with intent to cure, 32 by transhiatal esophagectomy (group 1) and 16 by transthoracic esophagectomy (group II). The two groups were comparable in terms of patient demographics, preoperative risk factors, tumor stage, tumor differentiation, and involvement of resection margins (all not significant [NS]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in median intensive care unit stay, median hospital stay, incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak, and stricture. Respiratory complications were higher in group I (41% versus 6%, P = 0.01). Hospital mortality was not significantly different for the two groups (group I 3.1% versus group II 0%, NS). Actuarial 5-year survival rates (Kaplan-Meier) were 12% for group I and 39% for group II (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that when compared with transhiatal esophagectomy, the transthoracic approach is at least as safe, has comparable complication and survival rates, and remains an acceptable procedure for resection of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Romberg
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hermreck
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delcore
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002299:Cardia; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013909:Thorax