title: [Preliminary study on low-trait genital infection and cervical epithelial dysplasia in women from the Parakanä tribe of South America].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the occurrence of low-trait genital infection and cervical epithelial dysplasia in women from a South-american indian tribe in the Brazilian Amazonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of women older than 10 years from two indian settlements of the Parakanã tribe: Paranatinga and Maroxewara. Demographic data and information about sexual behavior as well as obstetric/gynaecological history were recorded. Two gynecologists examined 80 patients (89.9%), and collected vaginal and cervical specimens of 69 indians for further laboratory analysis, by Gram stain and Papanicolaou method. Fourteen (20.3%) women resulted to be pregnant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parakanã women begin sexual activity early, after menarche; they have multiple sexual partners; are multiparous. Some of his partners already had intercourse with women of our society. In Paranatinga, vaginal discharges were a very frequent sign and not age-related, and women presented high frequency of disturbances on lactobacilli flora, greater than among inhabitants of Maroxewara. Pap smears in 91.5% of all patients showed inflammatory pattern. When found an possible etiologic agent (61.3%), in 63.4% it was Gardnerella vaginalis, in 7.3% Trichomonas vaginalis and in 4.9% Candida sp. In 23.2% of smears cythophatic signs related to infection by human papillomavirus were identified. One case had morphological changes compatible with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I, another with CIN II and, in a 48 year old indian, cervical cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Near all women had some grade of cervical disease. Measure HPV-infection prevalence among Parakanã indians with adequate methods may improve our understanding about worldwide occurrence of HPV infections. Established risk factors for cancer of the cervix and sexually transmitted diseases were common in this tribe.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D011230:Precancerous Conditions; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology