title: Comparison between menopause-related changes in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and the proximal femur in Japanese female athletes: a long-term longitudinal study using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry.
abstract: This longitudinal study examined whether bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the proximal femur is maintained in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women by regular exercise. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Twenty-six Japanese women (mean age 47.8 years) were followed 4-5 years. Twenty-two subjects from volleyball or jogging clubs had participated in the same exercise for more than 5 years at the initial BMD measurement. Longitudinally, for these 22 athletes, the rate of change per year in BMD of the lumbar spine was -0.17% in the premenopause group and -2.60% in the perimenopause group. In the proximal femur of the athletes, BMD increased (rate of increase per year 1.80%) in the premenopause group, but decreased (rate of decrease per year 1.07%) in the perimenopause group. In the premenopause group, BMD of the proximal femur increased in all athletes. However, in the proximal femur, the nonexercise group showed a 0.31% decrease, a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with the athletes. These findings suggest that women can achieve continuous gains in bone mass in the proximal femur before menopause by regular intense exercise. However, continued high-level physical activity in the perimenopausal women was not able to prevent bone loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260 Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigeta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyakutake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamagata
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007590:Jogging; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors