title: Aspartic acid 413 is important for the normal allosteric functioning of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
abstract: As part of a structure-function analysis of the higher-plant ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), we used a random mutagenesis approach in combination with a novel bacterial complementation system to isolate over 100 mutants that were defective in glycogen production (T.W. Greene, S.E. Chantler, M.L. Khan, G.F. Barry, J. Preiss, T.W. Okita [1996] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 1509-1513). One mutant of the large subunit M27 was identified by its capacity to only partially complement a mutation in the structural gene for the bacterial AGP (glg C), as determined by its light-staining phenotype when cells were exposed to l3 vapors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzymatic pyrophosphorylysis assays of M27 cell extracts showed that the level of expression and AGP activity was comparable to those of cells that expressed the wild-type recombinant enzyme. Kinetic analysis indicated that the M27 AGP displays normal Michaelis constant values for the substrates glucose-1-phosphate and ATP but requires 6- to 10-fold greater levels of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) than the wild-type recombinant enzyme for maximum activation. DNA sequence analysis showed that M27 contains a single point mutation that resulted in the replacement of aspartic acid 413 to alanine. Substitution of a lysine residue at this site almost completely abolished activation by 3-PGA. Aspartic acid 413 is adjacent to a lysine residue that was previously identified by chemical modification studies to be important in the binding of 3-PGA (K. Ball, J. Preiss [1994] J Biol Chem 269: 24706-24711). The kinetic properties of M27 corroborate the importance of this region in the allosteric regulation of a higher-plant AGP.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6340, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Okita
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000495:Allosteric Site; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D017931:DNA Primers; D051599:Glucose-1-Phosphate Adenylyltransferase; D007700:Kinetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017354:Point Mutation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000201:enzymology*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D051599:Glucose-1-Phosphate Adenylyltransferase