title: Sonographic and clinical findings of granulosa cell tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) accounts for roughly 1.5% of all ovarian neoplasms and 5-10% of ovarian cancers. GCT, which may have profound end-organ effects, has attracted a significant amount of attention despite its rarity. This tumor is rare, and difficult to diagnose before operation. Until now, no specific sonographic findings have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cases of pathologically proven GCTs were diagnosed from June 1985 to March 1993. Nine of those cases had preoperative sonographic pictures taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight out of the nine cases tested exhibited a complex multicystic sonographic pattern. For a case evaluated by a transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler assessment, the blood vessels located in the central part with diffuse dispersed vascular arrangement were found to have a resistance index of 0.38 and a pulsatility index of 0.50. The most common complaints of our patients were postmenopausal bleeding and lower abdominal pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that complex multicystic sonographic features observed by high-resolution ultrasonography, in conjuction with a high preoperative estradiol level and clinical symptoms, may help to establish a preoperative diagnosis of GCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Shin Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography