title: Secretion of type II phospholipase A2 and cryptdin by rat small intestinal Paneth cells.
abstract: We examined the secretion of antimicrobial proteins and peptides into surgically isolated and continuously perfused segments of rat small intestine. Up to nine discrete antimicrobial molecules appeared in the intestinal perfusates following intravenous administration of bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, or intralumenal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among them were three markers of Paneth cell secretion: lysozyme; type II (secretory) phospholipase A2; and at least one intestinal defensin, RIP-3, that appeared to be an alternatively processed variant of the rat neutrophil defensin RatNP-3. Both bethanechol- and LPS-stimulated intestinal lumenal perfusates (washings) contained molecules that killed Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in vitro. These molecules were more active against the avirulent S. typhimurium strain 7953S (phoP) than against its virulent parent, S. typhimurium 14028S. These data demonstrate that small intestinal Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides in vivo, that this secretion is regulated by the autonomic (parasympathetic) cholinergic nervous system, and that the release of antimicrobial molecules can be triggered by the presence of bacterial LPS in the intestinal lumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1690, USA.
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lehrer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; C059569:cryptdin; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2