title: Studies on the development of diluents for the transportation and storage of human semen at ambient temperature.
abstract: Storage of human semen samples at ambient temperature for 24 h resulted in a significant loss of sperm motility from a mean 45.1 +/- 1.8% to 13.8 +/- 1.1% (n = 148). This motility loss was associated with a significant increase in the osmolality of the seminal plasma and the induction of peroxidative damage to the spermatozoa. Both of these detrimental changes could be prevented by diluting the original semen sample 1:1 with a citrate-egg yolk, buffer (CYB). In the presence of this extender all aspects of semen quality were efficiently preserved for 24 h, including sperm movement, penetration of a cervical mucus substitute, the acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. CYB extension also permitted the use of chemiluminescent tests of leukocyte contamination to be performed on semen samples stored for 24 h at ambient temperatures. As a preservation medium, CYB was found to be superior to alternative formulations lacking citrate and storage at ambient temperatures was preferable to 4 degrees C. Significant improvements in motility retention were also observed when CYB was supplemented with pentoxifylline, although this treatment significantly stimulated peroxidative damage in the spermatozoa. However, if the pentoxifylline was combined with antioxidants then this collateral peroxidative damage could be reduced and the performance of CYB significantly enhanced. These results have implications for the design of diluents permitting the long-term storage and transportation of human semen samples at ambient temperatures.
authors.affiliation: MRC Reproductive Biology Unit, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macnamee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002021:Buffers; D019343:Citric Acid; D006224:Cricetinae; D004530:Egg Yolk; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D011309:Preservation, Biological; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D014186:Transportation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002021:Buffers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D019343:Citric Acid; D010431:Pentoxifylline