title: Comparison of automated and traditional minimum inhibitory concentration procedures for microbiological cosmetic preservatives.
abstract: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is used to test resistance of microorganisms against antibiotics and to test cosmetic preservatives. This research expanded traditional MIC with automation and application of colorimetric endpoint MIC. All experiments included common cosmetic preservatives and microorganisms used in testing preservative efficacy. An autodilutor using three 96-well microtiter plates processed 6 preservatives against 1 microorganism in 15 min. The unique tip design made it possible to accurately deliver viscous test materials that cannot be dispensed accurately with vacuum or fluid-filled systems. Tetrazolium violet, a redox indicator, provided a visual color change from clear to purple at the MIC. Optimum concentration of tetrazolium violet was 0.01% with addition of 0.2% glucose to Mueller-Hinton broth for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The colorimetric endpoint was evident after 24 h from previously cryogenically stored organisms that were thawed before use and after 4 h for 18-24 h broth cultures subcultured from agar plates. The autodilutor accurately pipetted viscous cosmetic products such as hand lotion and shampoo, which cannot be pipetted with a traditional micropipetter.
authors.affiliation: Amway Corp., MI 49355-0001, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lenczewski
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: McGavin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: VanDyke
mesh_terms: D001393:Azoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003124:Colorimetry; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008709:Methenamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001393:Azoles; D010080:Oxazoles; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C531352:tetrazolium violet; D014508:Urea; C018375:quaternium-15; D005947:Glucose; D008709:Methenamine; C006048:imidazolidinyl urea