title: Endoscopic ultrasonography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the preoperative localisation of insulinomas and gastrinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) can detect a high percentage of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours especially in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The ability of these procedures to localise primary tumour lesions and metastases of gastrinomas and insulinomas was evaluated in comparison with transabdominal ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective trial, patients with gastrinomas (n = 10) and insulinomas (n = 10) diagnosed by clinical signs and laboratory tests were assessed by EUS, SRS, US, CT and MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 patients with gastrinoma and 10 patients with insulinoma, a total of 14 separate primary tumour lesions were histologically confirmed for each of the tumour entities. The mean diameter was 2.1 cm for gastrinomas and 1.5 cm for insulinomas. All insulinomas and nine gastrinoma lesions were located in the pancreas. Three gastrinomas were found in the duodenal wall, one in a periduodenal lymph node, and one in the liver, For gastrinomas, sensitivities were 79% with EUS, 86% with SRS and 29% with CT, US, and MRI. For insulinomas, sensitivities were 93% with EUS, 14% with SRS, 21% with CT and 7% with US and MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS is of high value for localising primary lesions of both tumour entities. SRS is a very sensitive procedure for diagnosing of gastrinomas but not insulinomas. CT, US and MRI are primarily useful for visualising metastases.
authors.affiliation: Departmnt of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Frele Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stölzel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bäder
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koppenhagen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Riecken
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiedenmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D015408:Gastrinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin