title: Creatine depletion elicits structural, biochemical, and physiological adaptations in rat costal diaphragm.
abstract: To elucidate adaptations elicited by creatine (Cr) depletion in the costal diaphragm (Dia), 16 12-wk-old male Fisher 344 rats had 2% beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA), a competitive inhibitor of Cr transport into muscle, added to their food; a control group (Con) of 16 rats ate normal rat chow. After 18 wk, beta-GPA and Con Dia did not differ histochemically with respect to fiber-type distribution; however, the cross-sectional area of type II(b + x) fibers was 33% less in beta-GPA than Con Dia. Biochemically, the proportion of myosin heavy chain IIb in beta-GPA Dia was decreased 42% from Con Dia, whereas the proportions of myosin heavy chains I and IIa were increased. Physiologically, both peak twitch tension and tetanic tension in beta-GPA Dia were decreased 40% from Con. To assess fatigability, we used the protocol of Kelsen and Nochomovitz (J. Appl. Physiol. 53; 440-447, 1982) for 2-6 min duration; the percentage of initial force exhibited by beta-GPA Dia was approximately twice that of Con Dia. We conclude that these structural, biochemical, and physiological adaptations elicited by Cr depletion can all be explained by selective atrophy of IIb muscle fibers in the Dia.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tikunov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaManca
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000818:Animals; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D011422:Propionates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D003401:Creatine; C005775:guanidinopropionic acid