title: A review of antegrade stenting in the management of the obstructed kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review experience in the management of the obstructed ureter using antegrade stenting in a variety of conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1984 and 1993, 41 patients (mean age 57 years, range 9-83) had antegrade stents placed by an experienced interventional radiologist. The causes of obstruction were urological in 27, gynaecological in eight, colorectal in three and miscellaneous in three.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate for antegrade stent insertion was 83% and the failure rate was greatest (four of six) in cases of ureteric injury following gynaecological procedures. There were no immediate complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antegrade stenting can be used as a temporary or permanent solution to ureteric obstruction. The technique is safe, acceptable to patients and avoids the need for a general anaesthetic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Persad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doble
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*