title: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials to evaluate computer-based clinical reminder systems for preventive care in the ambulatory setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computer-based reminder systems have the potential to change physician and patient behaviors and to improve patient outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials to assess the overall effectiveness of computer-based reminder systems in ambulatory settings directed at preventive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches of the Medline (1966-1994), Nursing and Allied Health (1982-1994), and Health Planning and Administration (1975-1994) databases identified 16 randomized, controlled trials of computer-based reminder systems in ambulatory settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A weighted mixed effects model regression analysis was used to estimate intervention effects for computer and manual reminder systems for six classes of preventive practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted odds ratio for preventive practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Computer reminders improved preventive practices compared with the control condition for vaccinations (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.39-4.00), breast cancer screening (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.44-2.45), colorectal cancer screening (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.74-2.91), and cardiovascular risk reduction (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.55-2.61) but not cervical cancer screening (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.89-1.49) or other preventive care (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.79-1.32). For all six classes of preventive practices combined the adjusted OR was 1.77 (95% CI 1.38-2.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence from randomized controlled studies supports the effectiveness of data-driven computer-based reminder systems to improve prevention services in the ambulatory care setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: DuMouchel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahamonde
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008403:Mass Screening; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017010:Reminder Systems