title: Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis: MR imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (IATM) in relation to pathologic findings and MR findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of 19 patients with IATM seen over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters and laboratory test findings were recorded for each patient independently of the MR findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten (53%) patients experienced upper respiratory infection or vaccination within 4 weeks of symptom onset. The majority (82%) of cases occurred between December and May each year. In seven of 12 patients who underwent electromyography and nerve conduction examinations, evidence of peripheral nerve injury was seen. On T2-weighted axial images, 13 of 18 lesions were depicted with holocord abnormal signal intensity, seven (39%) had gray matter involvement similar to that seen in spinal cord ischemia, and three (16%) had isolated white matter involvement. Enhancement patterns varied. In three (17%) of the 18 lesions, enhancement in the cauda equina was similar to that seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IATM may be caused by a small vessel vasculopathy. MR findings in IATM also occasionally are similar to those described in Guillain-Barré syndrome and suggest a possible relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tartaglino
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Croul
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009188:Myelitis, Transverse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology