title: Evaluation of the motor cortex by magnetic stimulation in patients with Alzheimer disease.
abstract: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex were studied in 15 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). An abnormally higher MEP threshold in APB, frequently associated with absence of the MEP in relaxed TA muscles, was found in 40% of patients, almost all of them in the more severe stage of the disease. The MEP amplitude and averaged MEP/MAP ratio were reduced respectively by 20% and 26% in the APB muscle, and by 46.7% and 53.3% in the TA muscle. The less frequent prolongation of the central conduction time (CCT) (20%) might reflect preservation of the impulse propagation along the surviving pyramidal fibers. In 63.6% of the patients the central silent period (cSP) duration in the APB muscle was shortened; the mean value was significantly different between patients and controls. The results of this study suggest that loss and/or dysfunction of motor cortex neurones, including pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurones may occur in AD patients before clinical signs become apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perretti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fragassi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lanzillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nolano
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Pisacreta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors