title: Oral premedications in paediatric day surgery.
abstract: The degree of sedation in 191 day-stay children after oral premedication were compared. One hundred and forty-six were 1-5 years old (Group 1) and were randomised to receive either chloral 40 mg/kg, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg, promethazine 1 mg/kg, trimeprazine 3 mg/kg or placebo. Forty-five were 5-12 years old and were randomised to receive either trimeprazine 3 mg/kg, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg or placebo (Group 2). The children were assessed using four categories: asleep or drowsy, awake but calm, crying or anxious and oversedated or obstructed airway. They were assessed on leaving the ward, at separation from the parents, at induction, in the recovery room and one and two hours after returning to the ward. In Group 1, it was found that chloral and trimeprazine gave the best degree of sedation but the sedative effect of trimeprazine lasted longer into the post operative period. In Group 2, it was found that the children did not require deep sedation and the anxiolysis obtained with midazolam was adequate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia & Surgical Intensive Care Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000367:Age Factors; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011292:Premedication; D011398:Promethazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014291:Trimeprazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D014291:Trimeprazine; D011398:Promethazine; C021100:trichloroacetaldehyde; D008874:Midazolam