title: Association of nm23 protein levels in human prostates with proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression at autopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nm23-H1 gene expression in the human prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nm23-H1 protein levels of normal prostatic tissues, latent cancers of the prostate and primary and metastatic sites of clinical prostate cancers from autopsied men were evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis. Cell proliferation in serial sections using proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity was also estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intense nm23-H1 staining was observed in metastatic sites of clinical prostate cancers. The incidence of intense nm23-H1 staining cells in primary sites of clinical prostate cancers was significantly higher than that found in latent cancers and normal prostates (p < 0.01). The staining pattern of nm23-H1 was heterogeneous in latent cancers of the prostate. A significant relationship was observed between nm23-H1 staining and positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results seem to indicate that the nm23-H1 gene expression is related to cell proliferation and tumor metastatic potential, and appear to show the existence of a biologically different population of cells within the latent cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chodak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014157:Transcription Factors; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins