title: Homocysteine increases cyclin-dependent kinase in aortic rat tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is strongly associated with occlusive arterial disease. A direct effect of homocysteine on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells was proposed recently. This observation led us to examine the effect of homocysteine on cyclin-dependent kinase, the starter of mitosis and reflecting proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy Him:OFA rats were divided into seven groups. For 12 weeks, 10 rats were fed homocysteine 25 mg/kg body weight per day, 10 were fed 50 mg/kg body wt per day, and 10 were fed 100 mg/kg body weight per day; 10 were given homocysteic acid 100 mg/kg body weight per day, 10 were administered cysteine 100 mg/kg body weight per day, and 10 were given ascorbic acid 270 mg/kg body weight per day. Ten remained untreated and served as controls. Aortic cyclin-dependent kinase was determined at the transcriptional (mRNA) and protein levels. Phosphokinase C and aortic homocyst(e)ine also were evaluated in aortic tissue. Aortic cyclin-dependent kinase protein was significantly (P = .0001) elevated in the three homocysteine-treated groups, and mRNA cyclin-dependent kinase levels were significantly elevated in the rats given the 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day protocol. Endothelial damage was shown at higher homocysteine doses as reflected by circulating ACE and von Willebrand factor changes. Proliferation of cells of the aortic wall by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation could be shown in the high-dose homocysteine group only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that homocysteine specifically stimulates aortic cyclin-dependent kinase at the transcriptional level, with the possible consequence of proliferation of aortic cells as revealed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine in the aortic wall.
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lubec
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Labudova
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoeger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muehl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fang-Kircher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mosgoeller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gialamas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D006710:Homocysteine; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine