title: Prenatal assessment for childhood discipline experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore relationships between pregnant women's childhood experiences with discipline and 1) prenatal plans for disciplining own child and 2) later maternal-infant interactions
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective correlation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal clinics and home visits
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-income pregnant women (N = 205) with a mean educational level of 12 years
  
  
  METHODS
  Adapted Ways of Handling Irritating Behaviors (Mother and You) Scales, NCAST Teaching Scale, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Scale
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between childhood experiences with discipline and 1) plans for later discipline strategies with own child and 2) infant components of maternal-infant interactions, including clarity of cues and responsiveness to the mother
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal assessment for childhood experiences with discipline may uncover factors associated with a break in the trajectory for optimal maternal-child interactions described by Barnard's theoretical framework.
authors.affiliation: George Mason University, College of Nursing and Health Science, Fairfax, VA, USA. KGAFFNEY@gmu.edu
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holley-Wilcox
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011678:Punishment; D012923:Social Class