title: The dietary intake of children with IDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the dietary intake of children with IDDM and to determine whether the intake meets the current nutritional recommendations for children with IDDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 66 children with IDDM who were < 10 years of age were recruited from two suburban Pennsylvania hospitals. To collect dietary intake data, subjects were asked, via telephone interview, to complete three random-day 24-h dietary recalls. Data were analyzed for the content of nutrients and other food components by a computerized database program. Intakes were expressed as a 3-day average intake for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mean intake of protein and cholesterol approximated the current recommendations. The mean intake of saturated fat exceeded recommendations, while fiber intake was less than the recommended level. Many of the children consumed levels of saturated fat well above recommendations. Energy, vitamin, and mineral intakes were adequate for the overall sample. However, from 10 to 40% of the sample had an inadequate intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, and zinc. The percentage of those with inadequate intakes of these nutrients decreased with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that, on average, among this sample of children with IDDM aged < 10 years, adherence to the current nutritional recommendations for children with IDDM was adequate, but some individual children had intakes that were not consistent with the recommendations for optimal management of IDDM.
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Randecker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smiciklas-Wright
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kieselhorst
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007256:Information Systems; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008903:Minerals; D018579:Patient Selection; D010414:Pennsylvania; D013383:Suburban Population; D014815:Vitamins
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins