title: Sexual partner networks in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. An analysis of gonorrhea cases in Sheffield, UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Routine contact tracing data on patients with gonorrhea are used to identify sexual partner networks. These are combined with gonococcal typing data to study patterns of transmission. The role of persons in transmission is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contact tracing data on patients with gonorrhea attending the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield in 1988 and 1989 are analyzed. Gonococcal strains identified by auxotype/serovar (A/S) class are combined with these data to identify transmission paths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The network contained 1,272 persons, 724 (77%) of whom had gonorrhea during the study period. Four hundred two clusters of linked cases were identified. The largest cluster, containing 35 persons connected over 16 months, is discussed in greater detail to illustrate how these data may help identify patterns of transmission and the role of persons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contact tracing data can be used to identify sexual partner networks and to study transmission patterns. Microbiologic data can aid interpretation. An person's risk of acquiring infection depends on indirect links as well as direct links. To understand patterns of transmission it may be important to distinguish between those involved in transmission and those only acquiring infection. Networks established through gonococcal transmission are also relevant to the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Medicine (ICSM) at St Mary's, London, UK.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ison
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garnett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Kinghorn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002648:Child; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D016358:Contact Tracing / Q000379:methods*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000145:classification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012747:Sexual Partners