title: The investigation of chronic constipation for surgical management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to ascertain the incidence of patients requiring surgery for intractible constipation. We also aimed to determine the anorectal physiology findings which influenced the surgery, and the outcome of surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was done on 217 patients (34 men, 183 women; mean age 59 years [SD 17.7]) managed in a tertiary referral centre. Physiological tests consisting of transit marker studies, anal manometry, electromyography (EMG) and synchronised mano-myo-cinedefaecography (SMC), were then performed where appropriate. Surgical management was based on the results of these investigations. The mean follow-up was 19.6 months (SD 9.3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients (8.3 percent) underwent surgery: 2 for Hirschsprung's disease, 8 for colonic inertia (CI) and 8 for obstructed defaecation (OD). CI patients were younger than the OD patients (p = 0.03). Transit marker studies were abnormal but manometry was not different from the OD patients. The latter were identified on SMC to have rectoceles, sigmoidocele or rectal intussusception. The stool frequency significantly improved after surgery (before = 1.9 bowel motions a week [SD 0.9], after = 8.8 bowel motions a week [SD 1.2]; p = 0.003). There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small but significant proportion of constipation patients require surgery. Good results are obtainable when surgery is directed by the findings of anorectal physiology investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Goh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*