title: Teaching of human rights in US medical schools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which human rights issues are included in required bioethics curricula in US medical schools and to identify medical school characteristics associated with the extent of human rights issues covered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioethics course directors and bioethics section directors of 125 US medical schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extent of human rights teaching at each school was measured as the percentage of 16 human rights issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Course directors at 113 (90%) of the 125 US medical schools responded to the survey. Medical schools included about half (45%; 95% confidence interval, 41%-49%) of 16 human rights issues in their required bioethics curricula. Domestic human rights issues, such as discrimination in the provision of health care to minorities (82% of medical schools), were covered much more frequently than international human rights issues, such as physician participation in torture (17% of schools). Public medical schools included substantially fewer human rights issues than private medical schools (F[1,112]=7.7; P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Required courses in medical education do not adequately address the medical aspects of human rights issues, especially international issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0708, USA. jsonis@umich.edu.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonis
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gorenflo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D026688:Bioethical Issues; D001675:Bioethics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D004501:Education, Medical; D006126:Group Processes; D006806:Human Rights; D038622:Internationality; D028743:Professional Misconduct; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012577:Schools, Medical; D014481:United States