title: Regulation of taurine transport in rat astrocytes by protein kinase C: role of calcium and calmodulin.
abstract: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a potential stimulator of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited taurine uptake in rat astrocytes. This effect was mimicked by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, an endogenous stimulator of PKC, and by r-59949, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase. Maximal inhibition was obtained at microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) after 1 h of treatment. This effect was prevented by pretreatment of the cells with chelerythrine, a potent and selective inhibitor of PKC. The transport of beta-alanine, an amino acid that shares the same transporter as taurine, was inhibited to a comparable extent. The effect of PMA was potentiated by cotreatment of the cells with thapsigargin or the Ca2+ ionophore A-23187. However, ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N1,N1-tetraacetic acid and verapamil did not prevent the PMA effect. Pretreatment of the cells with calmodulin antagonists W-13 or calmidazolium, prevented the PMA-induced inhibition of taurine uptake. This inhibition was not affected by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, colchicine, or cytochalasin D. The Na(+)-to-Cl(-)-to-taurine coupling ratio was unaffected. Dimethyl amiloride, a selective inhibitor of Na+/H+ antiport, was unable to prevent the effects of PMA. These effects were associated with a decrease in the maximal velocity and an increase in the Michaelis-Menten constant.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tchoumkeu-Nzouessa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rebel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001692:Biological Transport; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007700:Kinetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013654:Taurine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D004075:Diglycerides; D013654:Taurine; D000001:Calcimycin; D019284:Thapsigargin; C038237:1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium