title: Muscle differentiation during repair of myocardial necrosis in rats via gene transfer with MyoD.
abstract: Myocardial infarcts heal by scar formation because there are no stem cells in myocardium, and because adult myocytes cannot divide and repopulate the wound. We sought to redirect the heart to form skeletal muscle instead of scar by transferring the myogenic determination gene, MyoD, into cardiac granulation (wound repair) tissue. A replication-defective adenovirus was constructed containing MyoD under transcriptional control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. The virus converted cultured cardiac fibroblasts to skeletal muscle, indicated by expression of myogenin and skeletal myosin heavy chains (MHCs). To determine if MyoD could induce muscle differentiation in vivo, we injected 2 x 10(9) or 10(10) pfu of either the MyoD or a control beta-galactosidase adenovirus into healing rat hearts, injured 1 wk previously by freeze-thaw. After receiving the lower viral dose, cardiac granulation tissue expressed MyoD mRNA and protein, but did not express myogenin or skeletal MHC. When the higher dose of virus was administered, double immunostaining showed that cells in reparative tissue expressed both myogenin and embryonic skeletal MHC. No muscle differentiation occurred after beta-galactosidase transfection. Thus, MyoD gene transfer can induce skeletal muscle differentiation in healing heart lesions. Modifications of this strategy might eventually provide new contractile tissue to repair myocardial infarcts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. murry@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Murry
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bartosek
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hauschka
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D018008:Myogenin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014162:Transfection; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000235:genetics*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017570:MyoD Protein; C503803:Myog protein, rat; D018008:Myogenin; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains