title: Conservative management of mechanical neck pain: systematic overview and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the efficacy of conservative management of mechanical neck disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published and unpublished reports were identified through computerised and manual searches of bibliographical databases, reference lists from primary articles, and letters to authors, agencies, foundations, and content experts. Selection criteria were applied to blinded articles, and selected articles were scored for methodological quality. Effect sizes were calculated from raw pain scores and combined by using meta-analytic techniques when appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty four randomised clinical trials met the selection criteria and were categorised by type of intervention: nine used manual treatments; 12 physical medicine methods; four drug treatment; and three education of patients (four trials investigated more than one form of intervention). The intervention strategies were summarised separately. Pooling of studies was considered only within each category. Five of the nine trials that used manual treatment in combination with other treatments were combined. One to four weeks after treatment the pooled effect size was -0.6 (95% confidence interval -0.9 to -0.4), equivalent to an improvement of 16 (6.9 to 23.1) points on a 100 point scale. Sensitivity analyses on study quality, chronicity, and data imputation did not alter this estimate. For other interventions, studies could not be combined to arrive at pooled estimates of effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is little information available from clinical trials to support many of the treatments for mechanical neck pain. In general, conservative interventions have not been studied in enough detail to assess efficacy or effectiveness adequately.
authors.affiliation: Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Aker
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peloso
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents