title: Effect of insulin on norepinephrine overflow at peripheral sympathetic nerve endings in young spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: To determine how the effect of insulin is related to the development of salt-induced hypertension, and whether a hyporesponse to insulin exists in the peripheral sympathetic nerves of a hypertensive model rat, we measured norepinephrine overflow from the periarterial nerve of isolated mesenteric arteries exposed to insulin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as well as Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) fed diets that were high and low in salt. Salt loading (diet containing 8% salt for 4 weeks) accelerated the development of hypertension in young, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (157 +/- 5 mm Hg v 198 +/- 4 mm Hg, P < .01) but did not affect the blood pressure of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (102 +/- 7 mm Hg v 104 +/- 6 mm Hg, P = NS). Basal norepinephrine overflow did not differ in the SHR and WKY rats, but the overflow of norepinephrine after periarterial electrical stimulation (8 Hz 1 min.) was significantly greater in SHR (0.806 +/- 0.079 ng/g) than in WKY (0.723 +/- 0.022 ng/g; P < .01). Although insulin reduced the norepinephrine overflow by periarterial nerve stimulation in both WKY and SHR, the decrease with insulin was significantly greater in the SHR than in WKY (-18.4% +/- 4.0% v -32.0% +/- 4.6%, P < .05). The inhibitory effect of insulin on norepinephrine overflow was reduced by salt loading in SHR (-8.8% +/- 4.0%, P < .05), but not in WKY (-32.5% +/- 4.7%, P = NS). Cocaine and ouabain completely blocked the effect of insulin in all four groups. In contrast to insulin, direct stimulation of Na(+)-K+ ATPase with a high-potassium buffer (12 mmol/L) reduced NE overflow to the same extent among the four groups. These findings show that SHR have a blunted response to the suppression by insulin of norepinephrine overflow. Salt loading reduced the insulin response at peripheral sympathetic nerves of young SHR, but did not affect that of age-matched WKY. Thus, hyporeactivity to insulin may play a role in the development of salt-induced hypertension in young SHR, possibly through a reduced suppression of norepinephrine overflow from sympathetic nerve endings.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002021:Buffers; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D002021:Buffers; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D015016:Yohimbine; D010042:Ouabain; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D003042:Cocaine; D011188:Potassium; D009638:Norepinephrine