title: Color-Doppler Ultrasound-assisted endoscopic neurosurgery for intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past few years, the use of endoscopy in neurosurgery has gradually gained importance. In this study we described the performance of Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU)-guided endoscopic neurosurgery in ten patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The completeness of hematoma evacuation was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  CDU, resectoscope, cutting loops, biopsy forcep, and the irrigation and suction device were the main instruments used in treating intracerebral hematoma. The CDU probe was utilized to locate the exact position of the hematoma and to provide direct visual control of the operation. The cutting loops and biopsy forcep were applied to morcellate and fragment the hematoma. Next, the fragmented hematoma was aspirated by a suction and irrigation device. CDU was then re-used to verify the completeness of hematoma resection and hemostasis as well as evaluate the position of midline shifting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The completeness of hematoma evacuation in our patient series was over 90% in three patients, over 50% in five patients, and less than 50% in two patients. One patient showed signs of rebleeding two days post-operatively and underwent conventional craniotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This endoscopic neurosurgical procedure caused less trauma around and along the route to the hematoma, and inflicted less damage to healthy brain tissue. Sonography, especially CDU, is quite helpful in the localization of hematoma and evaluation of intra- or post-operative bleeding. The operation time was also significantly shortened as compared to conventional craniotomy, thereby reducing the risk of operation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical College Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color