title: Enhanced tumor delivery and antitumor activity of palmitoyl rhizoxin using stable lipid emulsions in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A highly lipophilic antitumor agent, 13-O-palmitoyl-rhizoxin (RS-1541), was incorporated into lipid emulsions of various sizes consisting of triglyceride ODO and surfactant HCO-60. Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, and antitumor activities were evaluated after intravenous administration to mice bearing subcutaneously inoculated M5076 sarcoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of RS-1541 in the plasma and tissues including tumor, were determined by HPLC. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was estimated by toxic death and change in body weight. The decrease in tumor diameter was measured for antitumor activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There existed large variations in pharmacokinetics of RS-1541, depending on the size of emulsion particles. Compared with a colloidal solution (reference solution), the small (110nm) and medium (230nm) size emulsions showed high concentrations of RS-1541 in the tumor, while the large emulsions (350nm-630nm) exhibited low concentrations. The MTD of RS-1541 was reduced, when incorporated in the emulsions larger than 220nm in size. At MTD, each size of emulsions (70nm-380nm) effectively retarded the tumor growth and increased survival time. The maximum effect was achieved for the 220 nm emulsions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When particle size is properly selected, these emulsions could be promising and effective as an injectable carrier for lipophilic antitumor agents in order to enhance the tumor delivery and efficacies while reducing toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Product Development Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizota
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasuno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hisaoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004655:Emulsions; D007783:Lactones; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; C087843:palmitoyl rhizoxin; C023040:polyethoxylated castor oil; D002368:Castor Oil