title: Ferromagnetic artificial cells for artificial circulation.
abstract: It is known that deoxygenated blood is paramagnetic. A ferrofluidic actuator for an implantable artificial heart has been studied. The magnetic fluid consists of ferromagnetic magnetite particles (10 nm). If artificial cells encapsulating ferromagnetic particles are mixed in blood, the circulation is maintained by applying a magnetic field to the blood. An array of two poles of ring solenoids with a gap of 10 mm was mounted near the glass tube (7.60 mm inner diameter). The flux density was 0.236 Tesla. Two experiments were conducted using models of artificial cells: 1) the magnetic fluid and 2) the magnetic fluid and an iron cylinder (6.67 mm in diameter and 28.7 mm in length). A flow of 38 to 8 ml/min was obtained against a pressure of 12.5 to 16.3 mmHg in experiment 1, and 80 to 24 ml/min against a pressure of 53 to 240 mmHg in experiment 2. Calculation showed that magnetic fluids could move against a pressure of 100 mmHg if they had a magnetization of 113 kA/m (B = 0.236 Tesla). The magnetic fluid has a magnetization of 35.6 kA/m, whereas the magnetite is 479 kA/m, and that of iron 1398 kA/m. Artificial circulation with ferromagnetic artificial cells could be feasible if artificial cells with a magnetization of 113 kA/m are developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, School of Engineering, Hokkaido Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D001243:Assisted Circulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008280:Magnetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C001215:ferrite