title: Subtype specificity of the ryanodine receptor for Ca2+ signal amplification in excitation-contraction coupling.
abstract: In excitable cells membrane depolarization is translated into intracellular Ca2+ signals. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) amplifies the Ca2+ signal by releasing Ca2+ from the intracellular Ca2+ store upon receipt of a message from the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) on the plasma membrane in striated muscle. There are two distinct mechanisms for the amplification of Ca2+ signalling. In cardiac cells depolarization-dependent Ca2+ influx through DHPR triggers Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release via RyR, while in skeletal muscle cells a voltage-induced change in DHPR is thought to be mechanically transmitted, without a requirement for Ca2+ influx, to RyR to cause it to open. In expression experiments using mutant skeletal myocytes lacking an intrinsic subtype of RyR (RyR-1), we demonstrate that RyR-1, but not the cardiac subtype (RyR-2), is capable of supporting skeletal muscle-type coupling. Furthermore, when RyR-2 was expressed in skeletal myocytes, we observed depolarization-independent spontaneous Ca2+ waves and oscillations, which suggests that RyR-2 is prone to regenerative Ca2+ release responses. These results demonstrate functional diversity among RyR subtypes and indicate that the subtype of RyR is the key to Ca2+ signal amplification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iino
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection / Q000235:genetics; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D015220:Calcium Channels; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D014966:Xanthenes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C059715:Fluo-3; D002110:Caffeine; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2