title: Chronic carvedilol reduces mortality and renal damage in hypertensive stroke-prone rats.
abstract: The effects of carvedilol, a novel vasodilating beta-blocker and antioxidant, and propranolol on survival, neurobehavioral deficits, cardiovascular parameters, plasma renin, plasma aldosterone levels and renal pathology were determined in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats were allowed access to 1% NaCl as the drinking solution and a high fat diet supplemented with carvedilol (1200 or 2400 ppm) or propranolol (2400 ppm). The control group consisted of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats placed on the same diet with no drug supplement. Animals fed propranolol had a blood level of 864 +/- 68 ng/ml, whereas carvedilol-fed animals had blood levels of 24 +/- 4 ng/ml at 1200 ppm and 471 +/- 145 ng/ml at 2400 ppm. Carvedilol and propranolol treatment resulted in significant beta adrenoceptor blockade. Both compounds reduced heart rate, but had no significant effects on systolic arterial blood pressure. Carvedilol- and propranolol-treated animals also exhibited significant, prolonged protection from neurobehavioral deficits and mortality (P < .01). Elevated plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels seen in untreated controls were significantly decreased by propranolol (P < .05), and to a considerably greater extent by the same dose of carvedilol (P < .01). Carvedilol decreased renal histopathological damage and cardiac hypertrophy to a greater extent (P < .01) than propranolol (at equal doses). Both carvedilol (P < .01)- and propranolol (P < .01)-treated animals had considerably reduced renal damage at 18 weeks of treatment. Carvedilol reduced renal damage more than propranolol (P < .05). In addition, the lower (1200 ppm) dose of carvedilol, which decreased neurobehavioral deficits and mortality, had no significant effects on organ mass or renal function, but significantly (P < .01) reduced renal damage. These data indicate that both beta adrenoceptor blockers, especially carvedilol to a considerably greater degree, convey significant protection in a genetic model of severe hypertension that results in renal and cardiovascular organ pathology, neurobehavioral deficits and premature death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ohlstein
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Willette
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sealey
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Laragh
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D000450:Aldosterone; D011433:Propranolol; D012083:Renin