title: Opossum colonic mucosa contains uroguanylin and guanylin peptides.
abstract: Uroguanylin and guanylin are structurally related peptides that activate an intestinal form of membrane guanylate cyclase (GC-C). Guanylin was isolated from the intestine, but uroguanylin was isolated from urine, thus a tissue source for uroguanylin was sought. In these experiments, uroguanylin and guanylin were separated and purified independently from colonic mucosa and urine of opossums. Colonic, urinary, and synthetic forms of uroguanylin had an isoelectric point of approximately 3.0, eluted from C18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) columns at 8-9% acetonitrile, elicited greater guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) responses in T84 cells at pH 5.5 than pH 8, and were not cleaved and inactivated by pretreatment with chymotrypsin. In contrast, colonic, urinary, and synthetic guanylin had an isoelectric point of approximately 6.0, eluted at 15-16% acetonitrile on C18 RP-HPLC columns, stimulated greater cGMP responses in T84 cells at pH 8 than pH 5.5, and were inactivated by chymotrypsin, which hydrolyzed the Phe-Ala or Try-Ala bonds within guanylin. Uroguanylin joins guanylin as an intestinal peptide that may participate in an intrinsic pathway for cGMP-mediated regulation of intestinal salt and water transport. Moreover, uroguanylin and guanylin in urine may be derived from the intestinal mucosa, thus implicating these peptides in an endocrine mechanism linking the intestine with the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Truman Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA. pharmfkh@muccmail.missouri.edu
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Hamra
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Eber
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Forte
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002460:Cell Line; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D009893:Opossums; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; C072685:guanylin; C084362:uroguanylin; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D006152:Cyclic GMP