title: Carboxypeptidase E activity is deficient in mice with the fat mutation. Effect on peptide processing.
abstract: Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is involved in the biosynthesis of many peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. Mice with the fat mutation have previously been found to have a point mutation in the cpe gene, and to have greatly reduced levels of CPE-like enzyme activity in the pituitary and pancreatic islets (Naggert, J. K., Fricker, L. D., Varlamov, O., Nishina, P. M., Rouille, Y., Steiner, D. F., Carroll, R. J., Paigen, B. J., and Leiter, E. H. (1995) Nat. Genet. 10, 135-142). In the present report, we examined CPE-like activity and peptide processing in several tissues of C57BLKS/LtJ-Cpefat/Cpefat mutant (Cpefat/Cpefat) mice. Whereas CPE-like activity is detected in homogenates of Cpefat/Cpefat mouse tissues, the majority of this activity is not due to CPE based on the sensitivity to p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate. In addition, the Cpefat/Cpefat activity does not bind to a substrate affinity column under conditions that bind CPE. Furthermore, the enzyme activity and immunoreactive properties of the activity purified from Cpefat/Cpefat brain are distinct from those of CPE. Taken together, these data suggest that CPE is completely inactive in the Cpefat/Cpefat mice, and that all of the CPE-like activity is due to other carboxypeptidases such as carboxypeptidase D. Levels of Leu-enkephalin in Cpefat/Cpefat mouse brain are approximately 5-fold lower than those in control brain. Treatment of the Cpefat/Cpefat brain extract with carboxypeptidase B restores the level of Leu-enkephalin to the level in control brain. Interestingly, the large molecular weight enkephalin-containing peptides are elevated 2-3-fold in Cpefat/Cpefat mouse brain. These data indicate that CPE plays an important role in the processing of peptide hormones in various tissues, but that other carboxypeptidases also contribute to peptide processing. Furthermore, the increase in levels of high molecular weight enkephalin peptides in the Cpefat/Cpefat mouse suggests that CPE is required for efficient peptide processing by the endopeptidases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. fricker@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fricker
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Devi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D043423:Carboxypeptidase H; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; C078874:carboxypeptidase D; D043423:Carboxypeptidase H