Rhabdomyolytic acute renal failure in cardiac surgery. A clinical case.
OBJECTIVE
Authors describe 1 case of rhabdomyolytic acute renal failure as a complication of Cardiopulmonary bypass.


METHODS
Case report.


METHODS
Department of Cardiac Surgery.


METHODS
Patient affected by rhabdomyolytic acute renal failure was treated with pharmacological therapy, plasmapheresis and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH).


RESULTS
Anuric acute renal failure was diagnosed in 2nd post surgical day; serum myoglobin values was 16000 micrograms/l (normal values in non surgical patients < 88 micrograms/l), creatine phosphokinase serum values was 8790 UI/L (with Mb fraction < 8%). Patient underwent CAVH and two a day sessions of plasmapheresis; hematochemical and hemodynamic parameters improved progressively with resolution of acute renal failure and resumption of the diuresis on the 10th day. The CAVH was suspended on the 11th day and plasmapheresis on the 5th. Rhabdomyolytic syndrome should be correlated to the direct cannulation of the femoral artery for cardiopulmonary bypass and to prolonged time of extracorporeal circulation, with consequent leg ischemia/reperfusion induced injury which occurs during the extracorporeal circulation and continued during postoperative period; contributory causes should be the low cardiac output syndrome and alpha vasoconstrictor effect of high dose continuous intravenous administration of epinephrine.


CONCLUSIONS
Rhabdomyolytic acute renal failure is a severe complication of cardiopulmonary bypass; plasmapheresis and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration seems to be suitable treatments.
Maccario
M
M
Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione della Cardiochirurgia, Ospedale S. Martino, Genova.
Fumagalli
C
C
Dottori
V
V
Bruzzone
M
M
Ciani
A
A
Diana
A
A
Giambuzzi
M
M
Parodi
E
E
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000503:physiopathology*