title: Leishmania major: differential resistance to infection in C57BL/6 (high interferon-alpha/beta) and congenic B6.C-H-28c (low interferon-alpha/beta) mice.
abstract: In murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (Lm), resistance often associates with the outgrowth of Lm-specific Th1 cells. Parasites are eliminated by Th1-mediated activation of infected macrophages (M phi) which destroy Lm by producing toxic nitrogen and oxygen radicals. The cytokine IFN-alpha activates microbicidal functions of M phis and facilitates outgrowth of Th1 cells. Therefore, we compared the course of infection with Lm in resistant C57BL/6 mice, bearing the If-1h high expression allele for IFN-alpha/beta, with the congenic B6.C-H-28c mouse, bearing the If-1I low expression allele from the Lm-susceptible BALB/c strain. We observed that B6.C-H-28c animals developed up to 70% larger footpad lesions and harbored up to 1000-fold more parasites than C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, peak Lm-specific IFN-gamma production in the B6.C-H-28c animals was lower and delayed by approximately 2 weeks, whereas IL-4 production was higher and persisted approximately 2 weeks longer. Since these results suggested that IFN-alpha/beta plays a protective role in mice infected with Lm, we determined whether infusing B6.C-H-28c mice with IFN-alpha would influence the course of infection with Lm. Unfortunately, the mice developed severe peritoneal hemorrhaging in response to injection with IFN-alpha. Therefore, we examined the ability of IFN-alpha to activate M phis to destroy Lm in vitro. We observed that rIFN-alpha could synergize with subactivating doses of LPS to activate both C57BL/6 and BALB/c peritoneal M phis to produce NO and to kill intracellular Lm. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that type I interferons may play a protective role in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Titus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016899:Interferon-beta