title: Inflammatory cytokine production induced by an analogue of muramyl dipeptide MDP-Lys(L18) in rat macrophage cultures and dog synovial fluid.
abstract: To examine the involvement of cytokines in the mechanisms of N2-[(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine, MDP-Lys(L18)-induced arthritis, we analyzed interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), colony-stimulating factor (CSF), and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) by bioassays in the rat macrophage-conditioned medium (Mluminal diameter-CM) stimulated by MDP-Lys(L18) in vitro and the synovial fluid from dogs treated subcutaneously with MDP-Lys(L18) for 14 days in vivo. The dog showed arthritis characterized by swelling of the knee joint, increased synovial fluid and thickened synovial membrane, and a single subcutaneous injection of MDP-Lys(L18) was previously shown to induced synovitis in rat tarsal joint. IL-1, TNF, CSF, and NCF activities in Mluminal diameter-CM were increased by MDP-Lys(L18), while only NCF activity was detected in the dog synovial fluid. Partial purification procedures revealed that NCF in Mluminal diameter-CM was not leukotriene B4 but a protein having heparin-affinity, and, in addition, immuno-reactive IL-8 was evident to be in Mluminal diameter-CM. The NCF activity in the dog synovial fluid was not inhibited by dialysis, showing that NCF is a protein substance, possibly a chemokine. These results suggest that MDP-Lys(L18) produces a chemokine, such as IL-8, which recruits neutrophils to the synovial membrane for subsequent development of synovitis in rats and dogs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety Research Center, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; C036837:2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone; D003513:Cycloheximide; C036866:romurtide