title: Influences of bathing and hot weather on the pharmacokinetics of a new transdermal clonidine, M-5041T.
abstract: The influences of bathing and hot weather on plasma concentrations of clonidine were examined during application of a new transdermal clonidine system, M-5041T, in eight healthy volunteers. An M-5041T patch containing 6 mg of clonidine was applied on the right chest for 96 hours during winter with or without bathing (40 degrees C for 5 minutes) and also during summer without bathing. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of clonidine were determined for a 160-hour period after application. Plasma concentrations of clonidine in the winter trials did not differ significantly with or without bathing. Plasma drug concentration as a whole was significantly higher in the summer trial than in the winter trial, however. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and urinary excretion (Ae) of clonidine also tended to be higher in the summer trial. These results suggest that plasma levels of clonidine are higher after application of M-5041T during hot weather. Although the period of bathing used in this study was short, the influence of bathing seems to be negligible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebihara
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001494:Baths; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003000:Clonidine / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003000:Clonidine