title: Racial differences in survival from gynecologic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether survival from gynecologic cancer is different between African-American and white patients at an inner-city hospital with both a large clinic and a private service.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 538 patients (89 African American, 449 white) diagnosed with cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancer at a single institution from January 1, 1989 through December 31, 1993. Information was obtained on age, stage, site of disease, histology, and type of health insurance (public or commercial). Insurance coverage was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. Overall survival was estimated by the method of Kaplan and Meier and compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate the effects of multiple factors on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African-American patients were significantly older and were more likely to have cervical cancer and public insurance than white patients. Overall survival was worse for African-American patients than for white patients (P < .05). However, stage for stage, there was no significant difference in survival between the groups. There was also no difference when patients were grouped by insurance status. African Americans had a significantly worse survival for cervical cancer than whites, and African-American patients older than 65 years had a worse survival than whites of similar age. On multivariate analysis, only stage and insurance coverage were significant predictors of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African-American patients with gynecologic cancer at our institution have worse overall survival than white patients. The survival difference seems to be due predominantly to differences in socioeconomic status and stage at diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Behbakht
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American