title: Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor activation regulates apoptotic proteins.
abstract: Activation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) blocks osmotic mediated programmed cell death (PCD) in neurons. We speculated that IGF-IR activation could afford neuroprotection either by effecting the negative regulators of the death pathway, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, or by altering activity of the ced-3/ICE-like proteases. Here we report that osmotic stress decreases total neuronal Bcl-2 by 4-fold and that hyperosmotic PCD correlates with proteolytic processing of neuronal ced-3/ICE-like proteases. IGF-IR activation maintains normal Bcl-2 levels, and signaling via the IGF-IR:phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway prevents ICE/LAP-3 and Yama/CPP32 processing. Finally, increased neuronal IGF-IR expression enhances the negative death regulator Bcl-xL. We suggest that IGF-IR signaling exerts its short-term inhibitory effects upon PCD "upstream" of both Bcl proteins and ced-3/ICE-like proteases, while chronic increased IGF-IR expression may modulate susceptibility to death signals by mediating the negative death regulator, Bcl-xL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. efeldman@umich.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C482128:MAP2K2 protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases