title: Some like it cold: response of microorganisms to cold shock.
abstract: Bacteria respond to an abrupt decrease in temperature with a specific response, in which cold-induced proteins (CIPs) are transiently expressed at a higher level. Employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, several CIPs have been identified. In spite of this, the overall function of the cold shock response is unclear. Recently, the main attention has focused on a group of conserved cold shock proteins (CSPs) that have been shown to have the highest induction after cold shock and to play a major regulatory role in the physiology of adaptation to low temperatures. CSPs, of which Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and B. cereus possess a family comprising at least 3-7 proteins, are small acidic proteins that share over 45% of sequence identity. Recent evidence suggests that members of this wide-spread protein family can function both at the transcriptional and translational level in vitro. However, the exact mode of action has yet to be established. In addition, post-transcriptional regulation seems to play a major role in the induction of CSPs, a process in which the ribosome may be involved. This is in accordance with a model in which the ribosome has been proposed to be the sensor of temperature in bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Biochemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. marahiel@ps1515.chemie.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Graumann
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marahiel
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins