title: L-Arginine, nitric oxide, and intestinal secretion: studies in rat jejunum in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  L-Arginine has been shown to induce fluid secretion in human jejunum. Nitric oxide, a derivative of L-arginine is thought to have an important role as an intestinal secretagogue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of L-arginine and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on fluid and electrolyte movement in rat jejunum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 25 cm segment of rat jejunum was perfused in situ with iso-osmotic solutions containing either (1) saline, (2) D-arginine 20, (3) L-arginine 20, (4) L-NAME 0.1, 1, or 20 mmol/l, or (5) a combination of L-arginine 20 and L-NAME 0.1, 1, or 20 mmol/l. In further groups the effect of a subcutaneous injection of L-NAME 100 mg/kg was examined in rats pretreated with either D-or L-arginine 500 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-Arginine, unlike D-arginine, induced fluid secretion despite being better absorbed (mean -7.3 v 17.0 microliters/min/g; p < 0.01). L-NAME at 0.1 mmol/l had no effect on basal fluid movement but reversed L-arginine induced secretion (7.8; p < 0.05). L-NAME at 1 and 20 mmol/l induced fluid secretion (-15.4 and -28.4, respectively), which was enhanced by the addition of L-arginine (-30.0 and -41.0, respectively; both p < 0.05). A subcutaneous injection of L-NAME resulted in marked fluid secretion (-39.9) and histological evidence of intestinal ischaemia. These changes were attenuated or reversed by pretreatment with subcutaneous L- but not D-arginine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-arginine induces intestinal fluid secretion through production of nitric oxide. There is a delicate balance between the effect of nitric oxide as a secretagogue and its effect on maintaining blood flow and thus preventing intestinal ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Research Centre, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bearcroft
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Farthing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004573:Electrolytes; D007511:Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007583:Jejunum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester