title: Nitrogen balance in hospitalized chronic hemodialysis patients.
abstract: Malnutrition is an important factor in the increased morbidity and mortality of chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients. Dietary protein intake necessary to maintain neutral nitrogen balance appears to be higher in CHD patients due to various catabolic effects of the hemodialysis procedure, including nutrient losses and increased energy expenditure. Dietary intake may be further decreased in hospitalized CHD patients. We examined this issue in 18 CHD patients (9 male, 9 female) who were admitted to a regular ward. Daily protein intake (DPI) and daily caloric intake were measured for each patient. In addition, protein catabolic rate (PCR) calculated from interdialytic changes in BUN were calculated. Our results showed that mean (+/- SD) DPI was 0.79 +/- 0.41 g/kg/day, while PCR was 0.93 +/- 0.38 g/kg/day. Dietary protein and energy intake were 66% and 50% of suggested values, respectively, and DPI accounted for only 85% of PCR. Mean nitrogen balance was negative by -2.11 +/- 2.77 g of nitrogen/day (range -9.91 g of nitrogen/day to +3.89 g of nitrogen/day). Biochemical nutritional parameters such as serum albumin, cholesterol, prealbumin and transferrin obtained one week following admission were also indicative of undernutrition (3.16 +/- 0.39 g/dl, 132 +/- 30 mg/dl, 20 +/- 7.4 mg/dl, 154 +/- 49 mg/dl, respectively). We conclude that hospitalized CHD patients have inadequate protein and energy intake and this is evidenced by a significant deterioration in nutritional parameters during hospitalization. More aggressive nutritional interventions may be needed for this group of patients to prevent the adverse effects of hospitalization on nutritional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yenicesu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D009584:Nitrogen