title: Craniotomy guidance using a stereo-video-based tracking system.
abstract: In open intracranial neurosurgery, it is desirable to minimize exposure and to approach the target in the most accurate way possible. The VISLAN system described here employs a completely passive hand-held locator which is tracked by a video system and does not require a mechanical linkage nor cables. The system also tracks easily recognizable, constant, anatomical landmarks of the patient. By this means the initial registration of pre-operative imaging and the detection of, and correction for, patient movement can be accomplished. High-resolution MRI segmented interactively is used to define external surface and brain anatomy. Thus, a pre-operative patient representation (POPR) is planned. During the surgical procedure the patient's head is illuminated by structured light and stereo-video pictures obtained from two television cameras mounted above the head. The system is calibrated and registered with the POPR using a chamfered matching algorithm. The locator is also tracked in space by the video system, and its tip position shown in relation to the POPR on the video monitor.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colchester
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maitland
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D003399:Craniotomy; D006801:Humans; D009493:Neurosurgery; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013690:Television