title: Intracerebral hemorrhage occurring remote from the craniotomy site.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the available clinical data on postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages that occur in locations remote from the sites of craniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings of 37 cases of postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages occurring remote from the craniotomy sites were reviewed (5 from our records and 32 from the literature).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remote postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages presented within the first few hours postoperatively in 78% of the patients and were not related to the types of lesions for which the craniotomies were performed. Supratentorial procedures that produced infratentorial hemorrhages involved operations in the deep sylvian fissure and paraclinoid region in 81% of the patients and hemorrhages in the cerebellar vermis in 67% of the patients. Infratentorial procedures that produced supratentorial hemorrhages were performed with the patient in the sitting position for 87% of the patients. The remote supratentorial hemorrhages that occurred were superficial and lobar in 84% of the patients, as opposed to deep and basal ganglionic, which are classic locations for hypertensive hemorrhages. Remote intracerebral hemorrhages occurring after craniotomies were not associated with hypertension, coagulopathy, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, or underlying occult lesions. These hemorrhages commonly led to significant complications; 5 of 37 patients (14%) were left severely disabled, and 12 of 37 patients (32%) died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remote intracerebral hemorrhage is a rare complication of craniotomy with significant morbidity and mortality. Such hemorrhages likely develop at or soon after surgery, tend to occur preferentially in certain locations, and can be related to the craniotomy site, operative positioning, and nonspecific mechanical factors. They do not seem to be related to hypertension, coagulopathy, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, or underlying pathological abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Brisman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bederson
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Germano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed