title: Alcohol, drugs and gambling in the Ontario adult population, 1994.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the link between gambling, alcohol and drug problems among Ontario adults and to present information on the relationship between expenditures on gambling and type of gambling with gambling problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data collected in a 1994 telephone survey of 2,016 randomly chosen Ontario adults, gambling problems are related to the CAGE scale of alcohol problems and the ICD-10 measure of alcohol dependence, as well as smoking, other drug use, and demographic variables. Descriptive tables based on crosstabulations and means are provided, as well as a series of 9 logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most significant predictor of gambling problems was the amount spent on gambling in the preceding 30 days, with alcohol dependence on the ICD-10 scale and age also important predictors. Lottery players, compared to other gamblers, are more likely to be male, relatively less affluent, older on average, more likely to report alcohol problems (but not dependence) and be currently smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results make clear that heavy drinking and drinking problems are associated with higher levels of spending on gambling and reports of gambling problems. This leads to the suggestion that treatment programs for those with gambling, alcohol or other drug problems should assess that possibility of comorbidity, since the presence of more than one of these problems can significantly affect the success of treatment and contribute to relapse.
authors.affiliation: Social Epidemiology, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012932:Social Facilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation