title: Kinetics of human thrombin inhibition by two novel peptide inhibitors (Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V).
abstract: A study on the kinetics of human thrombin inhibition by two novel synthetic peptides (Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V) and a comparison with recombinant hirudin and a commonly used thrombin inhibitor, Hirulog-1, are reported. The dissociation constants for Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V were determined by varying the concentration of inhibitors at fixed concentrations of the chromogenic substrate Chromozym-TH (N-tosylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide acetate). Both inhibitors behaved as reversible tight-binding inhibitors of amidolytic thrombin activity. The apparent dissociation constants determined showed a linear dependence on the concentration of substrate; this finding, which indicates that the inhibition was competitive, made possible the estimation of the dissociation constants (KI) for Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V, which were 0.134 +/- 0.014 nM and 0.245 +/- 0.016 nM, respectively. Similar dissociation constants were also obtained for the two inhibitors when thrombin activity was measured with fibrinogen in the clotting assay. When tested for resistance to thrombin proteolytic activity, both inhibitors were inviolate to cleavage by thrombin. The data obtained demonstrate that both Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V are potent and stable inhibitors of human thrombin activity.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Università dt Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cappiello
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Vilardo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criscuoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Corso
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mura
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D006629:Hirudins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D006629:Hirudins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; C102452:hirunorm; C102451:hirunorm IV; C014413:chromozym TH; D013917:Thrombin; C074619:bivalirudin