title: Endoscopic forehead lift: an operative technique.
abstract: On the basis of over 100 endoscopic forehead lifts, we present an in-depth view of the current operative technique. The critical components are the following: (1) a subgaleal resection of muscle insertions rather than a subperiosteal approach to muscle origins, (2) a complete periosteal release along the lateral orbital rim, (3) a vertical suspension utilizing screws and staples that are removed at 1 week, and (4) a lateral temporal expansion using absorbable sutures. With this technique, a more controlled eyebrow position and eyebrow shape can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Newport Beach, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tirkanits
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*