title: Performance improvement with a hybrid FOCUS-PDCA methodology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1995 a team of three members of the quality improvement (QI) department at Hardin Memorial Hospital, Elizabethtown, Kentucky, constructed a unified, simple system of tools and activities drawing on the foundation of FOCUS-PDCA and integrating it with the Joint Commission Improving Organizational Performance (IOP) function and language.
  
  
  METHODS
  The team developed documentation tools and educational activities to support each part of the cycle for improving performance: plan--a planning workshop; design--a hybrid FOCUS-PDCA model; measure and assess--a three-part indicator workshop; and measure, assess, and improve--a redesigned QI report form. To document the entire cycle, the team developed an IOP Notebook and a workshop introducing it. Requirements for process design were established based on the standards. Next, the C phase, traditionally interpreted to clarify the current process by flowcharting, was broadened to include internal and external clarification of the process. APPENDIX-USING THE FOCUS--PDCA HYBRID TO REDESIGN AN ANTIBIOGRAM: The hybrid model's hallmark is its flexibility in supporting projects where the need for redesign over improvement is not clear at the outset. In a year-long study in 1995, a "Critter Ridder" Team at Hardin Memorial Hospital used the model to design an innovative antibiogram. In the C phase, customer input was gathered from physicians and a literature search was conducted to identify other antibiogram formats. The team constructed the antibiogram to meet key quality characteristics-accessibility, information, accuracy, timelines, and layout. Documentation on the IOP Notebook templates demonstrates the team's implementation of the performance improvement standards in its design.
authors.affiliation: Hardin Memorial Hospital, Elizabethtown, KY 42701, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D004282:Documentation; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007324:Institutional Management Teams; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007629:Kentucky; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D012985:Software Design; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods*