title: Treatment of hypervascular small hepatocellular carcinoma with ultrasound-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection: comparison with segmental transcatheter arterial embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection and segmental transcatheter arterial embolization for hypervascular small hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prognosis of 40 patients with one to three angiographically hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 3 cm in diameter treated with either percutaneous acetic acid injection (25 patients) or transcatheter arterial embolization (15 patients) during the past 4.5 yr were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After initial therapy, none of 25 patients treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection developed ascites, whereas 5 of 15 (33%) patients treated with transcatheter arterial embolization developed it (p < 0.01). All tumors became smaller once after each therapy. However, local recurrence (reenlargement of the original tumor) occurred in 1 of 29 (3%) tumors treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection and 11 of 22 (50%) tumors treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (p < 0.005). During the follow-up, 4 of 25 (16%) patients treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection and 10 of 15 (67%) patients treated with transcatheter arterial embolization died. The 1-, 2-, and 3-yr survival rate was 100, 94, and 83%, respectively, in patients treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection and 72, 65, and 39% in patients treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (p < 0.005). The cancer-free survival rate was also significantly better in the former than in the latter group (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous acetic acid injection is superior to segmental transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of hypervascular small hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001158:Arteries; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D019342:Acetic Acid