title: Human and monkey trabecular meshwork accumulate alpha B-crystallin in response to heat shock and oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress and other forms of injury to trabecular meshwork (TM) cells may contribute to changes seen with age and primary open-angle glaucoma. This study was designed to investigate if TM expresses alpha B-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein with chaperone activity, and whether it might be overexpressed under stress conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TM from human and monkey eyes, as well as organ and primary cell cultures derived from these eyes, were investigated for alpha B-crystallin by immunohistochemistry, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Northern and Western blot analysis. The TM cell cultures were stressed by heat shock (44 degrees C for 15 minutes) or hydrogen peroxide (200 mumol for 1 hour). Semiquantitation of alpha B-crystallin messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein was obtained by densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both species, alpha B-crystallin could be detected in fresh and cultured TM by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry of fresh samples showed that alpha B-crystallin was expressed predominantly in the cribriform area. Protein expression was enhanced in 4- to 7-day organ cultures. Primary cultures from human TM cells expressed two sizes (approximately 0.8 and 1.1 kb) of alpha B-crystallin mRNA in Northern blots. In monkey TM cultures, a 0.8-kb band was observed, which comigrated with lens alpha B-crystallin. In both species, heat shock caused a significant increase in alpha B-crystallin mRNA with a peak after 4 hours. An increase in alpha B-crystallin mRNA also was observed after oxidative stress; however, the onset of mRNA induction was slower. After heat shock, but not after oxidative stress, a transient change in mRNA mobility was observed. Western dot blot analysis showed a 3.4-fold increase in protein 24 hours after heat shock and a 20-fold increase after 48 hours. No constitutive mRNA expression and only a minimal increase 4 hours after heat shock could be observed in simian virus 40 transformed cell lines from human TM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of alpha B-crystallin might be an important mechanism for TM to prevent cellular damage associated with various stress conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piatigorsky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003459:Crystallins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger