title: Modulation of cortical acetylcholine release by serotonin: the role of substance P interneurons.
abstract: The cholinergic system exerts an important modulatory effect on hippocampal functions. Presynaptic inhibition of hippocampal and neocortical acetylcholine (ACh) release by serotonin (5-HT) has been reported in both rat and human brain. There is some controversy, however, concerning the 5-HT receptor which mediates the inhibitory effects of 5-HT. Using slices of the hippocampal formation of rat prelabelled with [3H]-overflow ([3H]-choline, superfused and depolarized electrically (2 min, 3 Hz, 2 ms, 24 mA) or by K+ (20 mM) we observed that 5-HT inhibits hippocampal and entorhinal [3H]-overflow ([3H]-ACh release) by 5-HT1B receptors located on cholinergic terminals. However, this inhibition requires the functional elimination of substance P/gamma-aminobutyric acid (SP/GABA) interneurons which express 5-HT2A receptors as shown by in situ hybridisation histochemistry. Activation of these somadendritically located 5-HT2a receptors facilitates SP release. SP, in turn, stimulates hippocampal [3H]-ACh release through NK1 receptors present on cholinergic terminals. These findings suggest close links between cholinergic afferents, SP interneurons and 5-HT2 receptors. A loss of cholinergic afferents and 5-HT2 receptors, along with a reduction in substance P-immunoreactive neurons, have been observed in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, suggesting the concept that these three alterations reflect a disruption of a functional unit. The present findings might help to explain early pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Sektion Klinische Neuropharmakologie, Neurologischen Universitätsklinik, Freiburg, Germany..
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gleichauf
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Landwehrmeyer
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D054833:Isoindoles; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D010869:Pindolol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000502:physiology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; C071693:7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one; D012701:Serotonin; D013373:Substance P; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C047975:cyanopindolol; D010869:Pindolol; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002211:Capsaicin