title: Pathomorphological characteristics of resected mitral valves after unsuccessful valvuloplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty has been shown to be an acceptable alternative to surgery as treatment for selected patients with severe mitral stenosis. We examined hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and pathomorphologic findings in a series of 308 patients undergoing balloon valvuloplasty, 41 of whom underwent subsequent surgery, in search of possible predictors of an unsuccessful outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with severe mitral stenosis underwent Inoue single ballon valvuloplasty over a 48-month period and had follow-up for a mean of 14.5+/-16.8 months (range 1 to 64 months). Of the 308 patients, 267 (Group I) were clinically improved and stable throughout follow-up, while subsequent surgery was required in 41 (Group II) after 38.2+/-143.5 days (range 1 to 1212). Significant differences between the groups were observed for NYHA class (2.7+/-0.6 vs 2.9+/-0.6, p<0.05), mitral valve area (1.0+/-0.3 vs 0.9+/-0.2 cm2, p<0.01) and left atrial endsystolic dimension by echo (51.3+/-8.0 vs 55.4+/-10.2 mm, p<0.01). Two of the 41 Group II patients underwent surgery for left to right shunting, 1 for tamponade and 2 were lost to follow-up. The excised mitral valves of the remaining 36 patients all showed calcification and/or fibrosis: 9 homogenous, 5 non-homogenous; 19 were classified as having a funnel-shaped deformity, and 3 did not fit into a discrete category. Among the funnel-shaped valves, 13 had a tear versus 6 where dilation was primarily accomplished by stretching. Only one of 9 valves with homogenous calcification was torn, whereas a tear was noted in 3 of the 5 with non-homogenous calcification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Funnel-shaped valves and those with non-homogenous distribution of calcification and/or fibrosis appear to be least suitable for balloon valvuloplasty.
authors.affiliation: Klinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Kardiologische Klinik, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miche
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fassbender
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gleichmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mannebach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Terwesten
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bogunovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Körfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D002404:Catheterization; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation