title: Preoperative detection of distal intramural spread of lower rectal carcinoma using transrectal ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Usefulness of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) for detecting distal intramural spread of rectal carcinoma was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with advanced rectal carcinoma, who had not received preoperative adjuvant therapy, underwent TRUS before surgery. Distal intramural spread was evaluated by TRUS and by pathologic examination of resected specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distal intramural spread was found in 7 of 37 patients (19 percent) by pathologic examination. Presence or absence of distal intramural spread was correctly diagnosed by TRUS in 86 percent of the 37 patients. Misdiagnosis by TRUS mainly occurred when distal intramural spread was 5 mm. Tumor penetration of muscularis propria, lymph node involvement, and a higher histologic grade of malignancy showed a significant relationship with the presence of distal intramural spread.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRUS was useful for detecting distal intramural spread > 5 mm in patients with lower rectal carcinoma and may be helpful for selecting appropriate surgery.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography