title: Oximetry for amniotic fluid embolism detection in mini-pigs: tail or snout?
abstract: The continuous, non-invasive real-time monitoring of arterial oxygenation (pulse oximetry) has become a standard of care in both human and veterinary medicine. It allows reliable, simple and inexpensive assessment of the arterial oxygenation status. In pigs, commonly used sites for oximetry-probe placement are the ear, snout or tongue, while more recently the 'pig-tail oximetry' has been suggested. In a study regarding the coagulation system during amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) in mini-pigs, we compared tail and snout for oximetry-probe placement and compared them with the 'gold standard': blood-gas analysis (BGA). In both the AFE group and the control group, the tail measurements were slightly lower and the snout measurements were slightly higher than the BGA results. In the experimental model used, both tail and snout measurements were able to detect a temporary desaturation immediately after amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). Blood-gas analysis (BGA) performed on blood drawn from a large artery missed the event. Clinically, there is no significant difference between snout and tail as oximetry-probe placement sites: both are reliable oximetry sites in mini-pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Petroianu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maleck
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bergler
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Altmannsberger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rüfer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D004619:Embolism, Amniotic Fluid / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008954:Models, Biological; D009666:Nose; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013461:Sulfur Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013623:Tail
chemical_list: D013461:Sulfur Oxides