title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been proposed that schizophrenia is associated with underactivity of brain glutamatergic neurotransmission, especially at the level of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. Glycine potentiates NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission, indicating that it may serve as an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven treatment-resistant patients with chronic schizophrenia completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-week, randomly assigned, crossover treatment trial of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day of glycine, added to their prior antipsychotic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycine was well tolerated, resulted in significantly increased serum glycine levels and induced a mean 36 (7%) reduction in negative symptoms (P < 0.0001). Significant improvements were also induced in depressive and cognitive symptoms. The greatest reduction in negative symptoms was registered in the patients who had the lowest baseline serum glycine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results extend previous findings and suggest an additional approach to the pharmacotherapy of negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Ezrath Nashim-Herzog Memorial Hospital, Hadassah Medical School-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heresco-Levy
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Javitt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ermilov
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mordel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D005998:Glycine