title: Avian exposure and risk of lung cancer in women in Missouri: population based case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association, previously reported in three European studies, between ownership of pet birds and the risk of lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population based case-control study with a structured questionnaire administered by telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Missouri, a midwestern state in the United States with a population of about 5 million.
  
  
  METHODS
  All newly diagnosed cases of primary lung cancer in women aged 30-84 years in Missouri from 1 January 1993 to 31 January 1994 reported to the state cancer registry were invited to participate (n = 652); and 629 population based controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds ratios were computed in relation to whether or not the study subject ever kept pet birds, the type of bird kept, and several measures of intensity or duration of exposure. Odds ratios were adjusted for smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the development of lung cancer associated with keeping pet birds was 0.84 (0.65 to 1.09). The results were similar for the type of pet bird kept, the number of birds kept, the location of the bird in the house, and the duration of ownership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The keeping of pet birds carries no excess risk for the development of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockvilie, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alavanja
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brownson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lubin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Modigh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D001717:Birds; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors