title: Employment status and its health-related effects in rural Styria, Austria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unemployment has become a serious social problem in industrialized countries. Job loss produces health-related disorders. Health-related data of the unemployed are scarce and prompted us to survey this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database of a health survey conducted between 1989 and 1993 in 79 selected rural communities of Styria (Austria) was used to analyze risk factors and employment status. The sample consisted of 8,747 individuals, 345 unemployed and 8,402 employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk behavior is higher among unemployed individuals than among those employed, particularly for males. Unemployed males were significantly less motivated to reduce weight and to change dietary habits than their counterparts, and they had significantly more anxieties, sleeping disorders, and lack of appetite. A similar pattern was found with regard to gastrointestinal and chronic liver and respiratory diseases. In addition, the unemployed utilized medical services more often.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study on health-related indicators and unemployment status in Austria. Job loss implies health-related disorders. The effectiveness of reducing the morbidity of the population in general is also dependent on intervention programs focusing on the specific needs of this high-risk group, e.g., adapting primary health care to its needs and fostering social support networks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria. eva.rasky@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rásky
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Stronegger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Freidl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data