title: The apparent diffusion coefficient of water in gray and white matter of the infant brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to obtain normal values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the infant brain and to compare ADC maps with T1- and T2-weighted images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion was measured in nine infants with an ECG-gated SE sequence compensated for first-order motion. One axial slice at the basal ganglia level was investigated with the diffusion-encoding gradients in the slice-selection direction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On ADC maps, the corpus callosum and the optic radiations appeared dark before the onset of myelination, and the crus posterior of the internal capsule could be visualized before it appeared on T1- or T2-weighted images. In gray and white matter, the mean ADC ranged from 0.95 x 10(-9) to 1.76 x 10(-9) m2/s. In the frontal and occipital white matter, in the genu corporis callosi, and in the lentiform nucleus, the ADC decreased with increasing age. The cortex/white matter ratio of the ADC increased with age and approached 1 at the age of 30 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADC maps add information to the T1 and T2 images about the size and course of unmyelinated as well as myelinated tracts in the immature brain.
authors.affiliation: Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peitersen
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014867:Water