title: Characterisation of the acute phase response of heifers to a prolonged low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: The effect of a prolonged low dose infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on acute phase-like reactions was examined in heifers. LPS (2 micrograms kg-1 dissolved in 100 ml water), or saline was infused (at 1 ml min-1) intravenously for 100 minutes and blood samples were taken at various times before, during and after the infusion. The serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and the rectal temperature increased in response to the LPS infusion. Serum TNF alpha increased before the increases in IL-1 beta and IL-6 and remained high from 20 minutes after the onset of the infusion until the end of the sampling period (six hours). The LPS-induced increases in serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 were biphasic. Plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations also increased, and plasma glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations decreased in response to the LPS infusion. The similarity of these reactions to changes observed in response to bacterial infections shows that the prolonged infusion of low doses of LPS is a good model for studying the acute phase response to Gram-negative bacterial infection in heifers.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Sciences, Physiology and Animal Husbandry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werling
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kun
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tooten
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gruys
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Langhans
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006854:Hydrocortisone