title: Randomised trial of efficacy of benznidazole in treatment of early Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benznidazole, a nitroimidazole derivative, has been recommended for the treatment of acute and congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease). We have examined the safety and efficacy of this drug in the treatment of the early chronic phase of T cruzi infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 1995, we carried out a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a rural area of Brazil with endemic Chagas' disease. 82% of 2434 schoolchildren (aged 7-12 years) identified in a census were screened for antibodies to T cruzi by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect haemagglutination, and ELISA. 130 were positive in all tests and were randomly assigned benznidazole (7.5 mg/kg daily for 60 days by mouth) or placebo. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the disappearance of specific antibodies (negative seroconversion) by the end of 3-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was the reduction of antibody titres on repeated serological tests. One child moved away from the area just after randomisation and was excluded from the analyses. Insecticidal measures were taken throughout the trial to reduce the risk of reinfection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minor side-effects requiring no specific medication were recorded in a small proportion of individuals. On a chemiluminescent ELISA with purified trypomastigote glycoconjugate, serum from all participants was positive at the beginning of the trial. At the end of follow-up, 37 (58%) of the 64 benznidazole-treated participants and 3 (5%) of those who received placebo were negative for T cruzi antibodies. The efficacy of benznidazole treatment estimated by intention to treat was 55.8% (95% CI 40.8-67.0). At the end of follow-up, children who received benznidazole had five-fold lower geometric mean titres by indirect immunofluorescence than placebo-treated children (196[147-256] vs 1068[809-1408], p < 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trial showed that a 60-day course of benznidazole treatment of early chronic T cruzi infection was safe and 55.8% effective in producing negative seroconversion of specific antibodies. The results are very encouraging and justify the recommendation of treatment for seropositive children as public health policy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Universidade Federal de Golás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zicker
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almeida Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luquetti
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Travassos
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Martelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006801:Humans; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C009999:benzonidazole