title: Lipoteichoic acid from viridans streptococci induces the production of tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide by murine macrophages.
abstract: Bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide is the major proinflammatory component of gram-negative bacteria, but the components of gram-positive bacteria that trigger the inflammatory cascade are poorly understood. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) purified from 2 strains of viridans streptococci induced the accumulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA and protein by the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, in the presence of recombinant interferon-gamma, LTA from both strains of viridans streptococci provoked the accumulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase mRNA and the production of NO. Together these observations indicate that LTA can trigger macrophage activation and the production of TNF and NO and suggest that LTA may be an important determinant of the host inflammatory response to gram-positive infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Memphis, 38103, USA.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Orlicek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCordic
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shenep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000737:chemistry*; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase