title: Association of cocaine and methamphetamine use with giant gastroduodenal ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Giant gastric and duodenal ulcers (>2-3 cm in greatest dimension) are reported to have higher rates of complication and mortality and to be associated with increasing age, renal failure, and use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study investigated the outcome and associations of gastric and duodenal ulcers >2.5 cm compared to ulcers of lesser size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records from all patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers >0.5 cm diagnosed by upper endoscopy between January 1994 and September 1995 were studied for evidence of concurrent use of aspirin, NSAIDs, methamphetamine, and cocaine, as well as for transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay, mortality, surgery, rebleeding, Helicobacter pylori infection, and malignancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A logistic regression analysis of the 220 patients identified revealed that recent methamphetamine and/or cocaine use was significantly predictive of giant ulcer formation (p = 0.0002) with an odds ratio of 9.66. Also significant was younger age (p = 0.026) and aspirin or NSAID use (p = 0.046). H. pylori infection was significant only for giant gastric ulcers (p = 0.031). Ulcer size did not predict mortality, rate of rebleeding, requirement for surgery, transfusion requirements, or length of hospital stay. However, giant gastric ulcers were significantly more likely to be malignant (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Giant gastric and duodenal ulcers were strongly associated with stimulant abuse. They were also associated with younger age and use of aspirin or NSAIDs. Additionally, giant gastric ulcers were associated with malignancy and H. pylori infection. Ulcer size did not predict rate of complications or outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pecha
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prindiville
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pecha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trudeau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003042:Cocaine