title: Identification of metabolites of azaperone in horse urine.
abstract: Two metabolites of the tranquilizer azaperone were extracted from alkalinized horse urine after treatment with beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase from limpets (Patella vulgata). The metabolites were identified by a combination of independent chemical synthesis and GC/MS and 1H NMR analysis. The metabolites were identified as 1-(fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-butanol, designated as 5'-hydroxy-azaperol, and 1-(fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-butanone, designated as 5'-hydroxyazaperone. A TLC screening test was developed for detecting both metabolites in basic extracts of horse urine treated with beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase. The screening test was used to detect azaperone metabolites in extracts of horse urine collected for 24 h after intravenous administration of azaperone. The administration of azaperone to horses was confirmed by GC/MS identification of 5'-hydroxyazaperone and 5'-hydroxyazaperol from basic extracts of horse urine treated with beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase. The extracted metabolites were treated with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide to produce trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives, and mass spectra and retention times were compared to those of the synthesized metabolites treated in the same manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sams
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gerken
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Detra
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jegananthan
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Watt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001376:Azaperone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006736:Horses / Q000652:urine*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001376:Azaperone