title: Cocaine increases Sendai virus replication in cultured epithelial cells: critical role of the intracellular redox status.
abstract: Cocaine was found to increase parainfluenza-1 Sendai virus (SV) replication in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Its effect was maximal when it was added before SV infection, while practically no effect was observed when cocaine was added at the time of or after infection. Enhanced SV replication was associated with increased viral protein expression. Cocaine also greatly reduced the intracellular level of glutathione (GSH), namely the most abundant cell thiol with antioxidant functions, recently proposed as an important factor influencing viral infection. Support for this view was provided in the present study by the reversal of cocaine-induced enhancement of SV replication when the intracellular content of GSH was restored by addition of exogenous GSH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Palamara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ciriolo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buè
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lafavia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotilio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garaci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004848:Epithelium; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide; D007668:Kidney; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018108:Respirovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D005978:Glutathione; D003042:Cocaine; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide