title: Management of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbomembranous male urethra with co-ordinated chemo-radiotherapy and genital preservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the success of chemo-radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bulbar male urethra, an uncommon but aggressive cancer usually treated by radical deforming surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two men, aged 42 and 49 years, with locally advanced SCC of the proximal deep urethra were treated with a modified Nigro chemo-radiation protocol. The initial treatment was by suprapublic cystotomy urinary diversion followed by 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the penis, perineum and regional lymphatics. Chemotherapy consisted of a single intravenous dose of mitomycin C (10 mg/m2) and an intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1 g/m2/day) for 96 h starting on the first day of radiation therapy and repeated 28 days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up evaluation with urethral biopsies, retrograde urethrography, computed tomography of the pelvis and cysto-urethroscopy under anaesthesia showed no residual tumour in either patient but the development of a proximal urethral stricture at 1.5 and 4 years, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report presents the first evidence of a successful reduction of tumour stage with the local eradication of invasive SCC and penile preservation with no recurrence of the tumour or the need to excise the urethra.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Oncology, Lahey Hitchcock Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Oberfield
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zinman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leibenhaut
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Girshovich
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil