title: Growth-regulated alpha expression in the peritoneal environment with endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence and modulation of growth-regulated alpha, a member of the chemokine family with neutrophil chemotactic activity, in the peritoneal fluid of women with or without endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal fluid samples were obtained at laparoscopy from 63 women with endometriosis and 19 fertile women without endometriosis. Endometrial tissue was obtained from uteri after hysterectomy for reasons other than endometrial disease or from endometrial biopsies of reproductive-age women. Cellular RNA was extracted and northern blots were hybridized with an oligonucleotide probe complementary to a specific sequence of growth-regulated alpha messenger RNA. Growth-regulated alpha in peritoneal fluid and culture supernatant was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) concentration of growth-regulated alpha in peritoneal fluid samples from 19 normal fertile women was 27 pg/mL (0-108), from 24 women with moderate endometriosis 34 pg/mL (8-150), and from seven with severe endometriosis was 73 pg/mL (10-221) (P = .04, P = .01, respectively). In the moderate and severe endometriosis groups, the levels of growth-regulated alpha were significantly higher in the peritoneal fluid of women with untreated endometriosis (73 pg/mL [10-221]) than in women with medically treated endometriosis (25 pg/mL [8-47]). In mesothelial and endometrial stromal cells in culture, growth-regulated alpha messenger RNA and protein were detectable constitutively; however, both interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced higher levels of growth-regulated alpha messenger RNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth-regulated alpha levels are elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with moderate and severe endometriosis. This chemotactic factor, which acts via the interleukin-8 receptor, may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seli
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Bahtiyar
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger