title: Pharmacokinetic analysis and antiepileptic activity of tetra-methylcyclopropane analogues of valpromide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The described structure pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic relationships (SPPR) study explored the utilization of tetramethylcyclopropane analogues of valpromide (VPD), or tetramethylcyclopropane carboxamide derivatives of valproic acid (VPA) as new antiepileptics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out by investigating the pharmacokinetics in dogs and pharmacodynamics (anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity) of the following three cyclopropane analogues of VPD: 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane carboxamide (TMCD), N-methyl TMCD (M-TMCD) and N-[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)carbonyl]-glycinamide (TMC-GLD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three investigated compounds showed a good anticonvulsant profile in mice and rats due to the fact that they were metabolically stable VPD analogues which were not biotransformed to their nonactive acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TMCA). M-TMCD was metabolized to TMCD and TMC-GLD underwent partial biotransformation to its glycine analogue N-[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)carbonyl]-glycine (TMC-GLN). Unlike TMC-GLN, the above mentioned amides had low clearance and a relatively long half life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to VPD which is biotransformed to VPA, the aforementioned cyclopropane derivatives were found to be stable to amide-acid biotransformation. TMCD and M-TMCD show that cyclic analogues of VPD, like its aliphatic isomers, must have either two substitutions at the beta position to the carbonyl, such as in the case of TMCD, or a substitution in the alpha and in the beta positions like in the VPD isomer, valnoctamide (VCD). This paper discusses the antiepileptic potential of tetramethylcyclopropane analogues of VPD which are in animal models more potent than VPA and may be non-teratogenic and non-hepatotoxic.
authors.affiliation: The Hebrew University, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bialer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kadry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul-Hai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haj-Yehia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yagen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004355:Drug Stability; D006868:Hydrolysis; D051379:Mice; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D014635:Valproic Acid; C004651:dipropylacetamide