title: Prognosis among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest judged as being caused by deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prognosis of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest judged to be caused by the deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients in the community of Göteborg Sweden who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1980 and 1992 attended by our emergency medical service and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The etiology of cardiac arrest was determined according to clinical history, observations at resuscitation and findings at autopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 3434 cardiac arrests of which 130 (4%) were judged to have been caused by deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease. Of these patients 50% were found in asystole, 40% in pulseless electrical activity, and only 7% in ventricular fibrillation. Among patients with cardiac arrest caused by obstructive pulmonary disease 21 (16%) were hospitalized alive and six (5%) were discharged from hospital. Among patients who developed cardiac arrest after arrival of the ambulance, 16% were discharged from hospital versus 0% among patients who had arrest prior to arrival of the ambulance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease, half were found in asystole. Overall, the survival rate was low. This highlights the importance of effective treatment early in the course of deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease in order to avoid cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenfelt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bång
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wennerblom
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Löwhagen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmqvist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate