title: [Value of prognostic factors in the Austrian A-NB87 Neuroblastoma Study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of various prospectively evaluated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1987 to December 1993, 120 patients were registered in the study. 108/120 patients were eligible. There were 49 girls and 59 boys with a median age at diagnosis of 14 months (range, 0 to 224 months). Patients were classified according to the Evans classification system. LDH, NSE, Ferritin, N-myc amplification, 1p-deletion and ploidy were evaluated at diagnosis. Treatment intensity was based on the results of primary surgery: surgery only for 22 (20%) stage I and IIA patients (macroscopic residue without lymph node involvement), the 9 IIB patients (8,5%) (macroscopic residue with lymph node involvement) had mild chemotherapy in addition (6 x VCR/CYC) and elective radiation (Rx). Stage III patients were divided into 2 groups: IIIA patients (n = 17/16%) had to have ferritin levels under 300 micrograms/ml, NSE lower than 100 ng/ml and age below 2 years at diagnosis and received 6 alternating cycles of DAMO/ MVDOC. If one of these three criteria was not fulfilled, patients were assigned to the more intensive treatment arm stage IIIB (n = 12/11%), i.e. 9 alternating cycles of DAMO/MVDOC/IPE. Stage IV pts (n = 35/32.5%) received 8 MVDOC/IPE cycles and 20 patients received megatherapy followed by stem cell reinfusion in addition. 13 stage IVs patients (12%) were registered and had elective VCR/CYC and/or liver radiation in case of poor clinical condition. The median observation time is 4.2 years (range, 1 to 7.5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate at 3 years was excellent for localized disease and stage IVs with survival rates of 100% for stage I/IIA and 92% for stage IVs. Stage IIIA patients had an EFS rate of 81% whereas stage IIB patients achieved only 69%. Stage IV patients reached 51%, however outcome was especially poor for stage IIIB patients (20%) due to treatment related toxicities. The toxic death rate in the study was 13% (2 surgical deaths, 8 infections, 4 multiple organ failures). Univariate analysis demonstrated the following significant unfavorable risk factors: age over 1 year at diagnosis (58/108 pts, p = 0.006), NSE > 100 ng/ml (26/95 pts, p < 0.0001), Ferritin > 300 ng/ml (19/98 pts, p = 0.007), LDH > 300 (400) U/L, 51/87 pts, p = 0.004), presence of N-myc amplification (17/59 pts, p = 0.001), deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (19/74 pts, p < 0.0001) and di/tetraploidy (32/72 pts, p = 0.008). The power of these factors was even stronger in patients with localized disease whereas no significant prediction was observed for stage IV patients. Furthermore a significant correlation of the serological (NSE, ferritin, LDH) and biological factors (N-myc, deletion 1p, di/tetraploidy) was detected in this study. Only NSE was identified as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.018) whereas no independent factor could be identified within the 3 biological parameters due to their high correlations (Kendall's tau for N-myc and deletion 1p:0.7). However, N-myc (p = 0.005) as well as deletion 1p (p = 0.01) were found significantly more important than di/tetraploidy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biological classification of neuroblastomas should be mandatory and be the prerequisite for any risk adapted treatment. One serological and 2 biological factors could be a good standard evaluation to identify neuroblastoma patients at risk.
authors.affiliation: St. Anna Kinderspital (CCRI), Wien/Osterreich.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ladenstein
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ambros
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ambros
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoubek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grienberger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kerbl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horcher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Höfler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heinzl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gadner
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mutz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor