title: Blink rate in childhood-onset schizophrenia: comparison with normal and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder controls.
abstract: Several lines of evidence have implicated central dopaminergic pathways in the modulation of blink rate. In the present study, blink rate during smooth pursuit was examined in 17 children with childhood-onset schizophrenia, on and off of clozapine, and compared to that of age-matched normal children and unmedicated children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As has been observed in adolescent and adult schizophrenics, blink rate was significantly higher in schizophrenic children relative to normal and ADHD controls. Within the schizophrenic group, blink rate did not significantly change with the introduction of clozapine and was not related to clinical variables. Blink rate was positively correlated with deterioration in smooth pursuit in normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hommer
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Giedd
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D012561:Schizophrenia, Childhood / Q000523:psychology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology