title: Vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia in the hemiplegic limbs of stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about bone changes in hemiplegic stroke patients. We evaluated the vitamin D status and bone changes on the hemiplegic and intact sides of stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera were collected from 87 hemiplegic stroke patients (42 outpatients and 45 inpatients) and from 28 control subjects. The sera were assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Bone density was measured bilaterally from radiographs of the hands. Diet and sunlight exposure were assessed for all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum 25-OHD concentrations were lower in patients (9.1 +/- 4.9 ng/mL for outpatients, 5.9 +/- 4.1 ng/mL for inpatients) than in control subjects (21.6 +/- 3.1 ng/mL). The difference in serum 25-OHD between the two patient groups also was statistically significant. The patients' microdensitometric scores for osteopenia were higher on the hemiplegic side than on the non-hemiplegic side. The microdensitometric scores and their side-to-side differences in patients correlated negatively with the serum 25-OHD concentration and positively with the degree of paralysis. Dietary intake of vitamin D was below the recommended level in 72% of the patients, and 89% of the patients were considered sunlight-deprived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone mass was reduced significantly on the hemiplegic side in the stroke patients, which might increase the risk of hip fracture. Vitamin D deficiency and disuse are the probable causes of osteopenia in this population. The hypovitaminosis D might be corrected readily by routine use of vitamin D supplements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Futase Social Insurance Hospital, Iizuka, Japan. y-sato@kurume.ktarn.or.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oizumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013472:Sunlight; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D002112:Calcifediol