title: Uptake of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in liver cells occurs via the cloned organic anion transporting polypeptide.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by mold. It mainly causes nephropathies in humans and domestic animals as a major pathogenic contaminant of cereals and animal feed. Upon p.o. uptake and intestinal absorption, a large part of OTA is taken up by hepatocytes and eliminated into bile. In the present study, hepatocellular uptake of radiolabeled [3H]OTA in isolated rat hepatocytes was characterized; a saturable (K(m) = 18.9 microM, Vmax = 473 pmol/mg/min), temperature (Aapp = 30.4 and 76.6 kilo Joule/mol) and energy-dependent mycotoxin transport was found. This OTA uptake was inhibited by various bile acids, sulfobromophthalein and the thrombin inhibitor CRC 220. Because all inhibitors are substrates of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (oatp), a recently cloned hepatic carrier, uptake experiments were performed in oatp-cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. These studies revealed an oatp-specific OTA uptake (K(m) = 16.6 microM). In contrast, OTA was not transported by the hepatic Na+/taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide. Known oatp substrates cis-inhibited OTA uptake in oatp-cRNA-injected oocytes in close correlation with the results derived from isolated hepatocytes. These results identify OTA as a new substrate for oatp. They further support the multispecific nature of oatp-mediated transport and stress the importance of this carrier for hepatic clearance of xenobiotics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kontaxi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Echkardt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hagenbuch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stieger
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petzinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014316:Tritium; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014316:Tritium; C025589:ochratoxin A