title: Deletions and loss of expression of p16INK4a and p21Waf1 genes are associated with aggressive variants of mantle cell lymphomas.
abstract: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is molecularly characterized by bcl-1 rearrangement and cyclin D1 gene overexpression. Some aggressive variants of MCL have been described with blastic or large cell morphology, higher proliferative activity, and shorter survival. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21Waf1 and p16INK4a have been suggested as candidates for tumor-suppressor genes. To determine the role of p21Waf1 and p16INK4a gene alterations in MCLs, we examined the expression, deletions, and mutations of these genes in a series of 24 MCLs, 18 typical, and 6 aggressive variants. Loss of expression and/or deletions of p21Waf1 and p16INK4a genes were detected in 4 (67%) aggressive MCLs but in none of the typical variants. Two aggressive MCLs showed a loss of p16INK4a expression. These cases showed homozygous deletions of p16INK4a gene by Southern blot analysis. An additional aggressive MCL in which expression could not be examined showed a hemizygous 9p12 deletion. Loss of p21Waf1 expression at both protein and mRNA levels was detected in an additional aggressive MCL. No p21Waf1 gene deletions or mutations were found in this case. The p21Waf1 expression in MCLs was independent of p53 mutations. The two cases with p53 mutations showed p21Waf1 and p16INK4a expression whereas the 4 aggressive MCLs with p16INK4a and p21Waf1 gene alterations had a wild-type p53. p21Waf1 and p16INK4a were expressed at mRNA and protein levels in all typical MCLs examined. No gene deletions or point mutations were found in typical variants. Two typical MCLs showed an anomalous single-stranded conformation polymorphism corresponding to the known polymorphisms at codon 148 of p16INK4a gene and codon 31 of p21Waf1 gene. These findings indicate that p21Waf1 and p16INK4a alterations are rare in typical MCLs but the loss of p21Waf1 and p16INK4a expression, and deletions of p16INK4a gene are associated with aggressive variants of MCLs, and they occur in a subset of tumors with a wild-type p53 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clinic Provincial, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinyol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazorla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balbín
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jares
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montserrat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardesa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopez-Otín
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campo
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019938:Cyclin D1; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016161:Genes, Retinoblastoma; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1