title: Acute renal failure due to sulphadiazine crystalluria in AIDS patients.
abstract: We report two AIDS patients who developed acute renal failure while receiving sulphadiazine for cerebral toxoplasmosis. Renal ultrasound revealed diffuse bilateral echogenic shadowing material. 'Sheaves of wheat' crystals, typical of sulphadiazine crystalluria, were present in the urine. One patient required a percutaneous nephrostomy. Hydration and urine alkalinisation resulted in rapid improvement of renal function and ultrasonographic findings. Sulphadiazine-induced crystalluria and acute renal failure is increasingly frequent. Awareness of its existence may lead to prevention and early conservative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Sequera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albalate
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández Guerrero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caramelo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D003460:Crystallization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013411:Sulfadiazine