title: Pulmonary targeting of liposomal triamcinolone acetonide phosphate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the use of triamcinolone acetonide phosphate liposomes as a pulmonary targeted drug delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triamcinolone acetonide phosphate liposomes composed of 1,2-distearoyl phosphatidylcholine and 1,2-distearoyl phosphatidyl glycerol and triamcinolone acetonide 21-phosphate dipotassium salt were prepared by dispersion and extruded through polycarbonate membranes. Encapsulation efficiency and in vitro stability at 37 degrees C were assessed after size exclusion chromatography. TAP liposomes (TAP-lip) or TAP in solution (TAP-sol) were delivered to rats either by intratracheal instillation (IT) or intravenous (IV) administration. Pulmonary targeting was assessed by simultaneous monitoring of glucocorticoid receptor occupancy over time in lung (local organ) and liver (systemic organ) using an ex vivo receptor binding assay as a pharmacodynamic measure of glucocorticoid action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro studies in different fluids over 24 hours, showed that more than 75% of the TAP remained encapsulated in liposomes. Cumulative pulmonary effects after IT administration of TAP-lip were 1.6 times higher than liver receptor occupancy. In contrast, there was no difference in the pulmonary and hepatic receptor occupancy time profiles when TAP was administered intratracheally as a solution. No preferential lung targeting was observed when TAP-lip was administered IV. As indicated by the mean effect times, lung receptor occupancy was sustained only when TAP-lip was administered IT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intratracheal administration of TAP-lip provided sustained receptor occupancy, and increased pulmonary targeting which was superior to IT administration of TAP-sol or IV administration of TAP-lip. The use of liposomes may represent a valuable approach to optimize sustained delivery of glucocorticoids to the lungs via topical administration.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Rothi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hochhaus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schreier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukyanov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D008081:Liposomes; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D011355:Prodrugs; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C011243:drocinonide phosphate potassium; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide