title: Case study: long-term potentiation of neuroleptics with transdermal nicotine in Tourette's syndrome.
abstract: Sixteen Tourette's syndrome patients, aged 9 to 15 years, whose symptoms were not controlled with neuroleptics, were followed for various lengths of time after the application of a transdermal nicotine patch (TNP) (7 mg/24 hours) as part of an ongoing case study. While there was a broad range in individual response, application on the TNP produced significant reductions (p < .001) in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale scores relative to baseline, with an average duration of effect lasting between 1 and 2 weeks. Side effects, for the most part, were transient. Clinical implications for the use of TNP as an adjunct to neuroleptic treatment of Tourette's syndrome are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shytle
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sanberg
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D009538:Nicotine