title: The role of cytokines in cancer.
abstract: The role of cytokines was intensively discussed over the course of a two and a half day meeting sponsored by the US-JAPAN Cancer Cooperative Research Program of the Office of International Affairs, National Cancer Institute and held at The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland on 15-17 January 1996. Most of the first day was devoted to a discussion of the role of cytokines in modulating angiogenesis and the consequent effect of this on tumor growth and metastases. This was followed by sessions on the effect of various cytokines in enhancing or suppressing immunological responses to tumors. Several presentations focused on the direct inhibitory or growth promoting effects of cytokines on tumor growth. The final session consisted of a comparison of the efficacy of different approaches to tumor vaccination including gene therapy, enhanced antigen presentation, use of polymeric carriers or of DNA vectors. For background information the reader is referred to appropriate chapters on the role of cytokines in neoplastic diseases (Oppenheim JJ, Rossio JL, Gearing AJH, eds. In Clinical Application of Cytokines: Role of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York, 1993 [1]).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D043168:Angiostatins; D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000528:radiation effects; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014612:Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008222:Lymphokines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014612:Vaccines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D043168:Angiostatins; D010958:Plasminogen