title: A combined assay of cell viability and in vitro cytotoxicity with a highly water-soluble tetrazolium salt, neutral red and crystal violet.
abstract: Cell viability and in vitro cytotoxicity assay methods were developed using a combination of dyes, 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1), neutral red (NR) and crystal violet (CV), with HeLa cells as a bioindicatior. As WST-1 produces a highly water soluble and non-cytotoxic formazan dye, ti allows each assay to be carried out in one culture dish. The combined cell viability assay using WST-1, NR and CV gave an absorbance that correlated linearly with the number of cells over the range 1000 to 50,000 cells/well. The combined assay was applied to the evaluation of IC50 values for sodium dodecyl sulfate as a model toxicant, which yielded similar values to those obtained with each assay independently.
authors.affiliation: Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009499:Neutral Red / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C013574:iodonitrotetrazolium; D009499:Neutral Red; D005840:Gentian Violet