title: Disposition of indinavir, a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor, after an oral dose in humans.
abstract: Indinavir, N-[2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)-indanyl]-5-[2(S)-tertiary- butylaminocarbonyl-4-(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazino]-4(S)- hydroxy-2(R)-phenylmethylpentanamide (L-735,524,MK-639, ayl-4- Crixivan), is a potent and specific inhibitor of the HIV-1(3 protease for the treatment of AIDS. Disposition of [14C]indinavir was investigated in six healthy subjects after single oral administration of 400 mg. AUC, Cmax, and Tmax values for indinavir were 492 microM x min, 4.7 microM, and 50 min, respectively. The AUC value for the total radioactivity in plasma was 1.9 times higher than that of indinavir, indicating the presence of metabolites. The major excretory route was through feces, and the minor through urine. Mean recovery of radioactivity in the feces was 83.4%. In the urine, mean recoveries of the total radioactivity and unchanged indinavir were 18.7% and 11.0% of the dose, respectively. HPLC radioactivity and LC-MS/MS analyses of urine showed the presence of indinavir and low levels of quaternary pyridine N-glucuronide (M1), 2',3'-trans-dihydroxyindanylpyridine N-oxide (M2), 2',3'-trans-dihydroxyindan (M3) and pyridine N-oxide (M4a) analogs, and despyridylmethyl analogs of M3 (M5) and indinavir (M6). M5 and M6 were the major metabolites in urine. The metabolic profile in plasma was similar to that in urine. Quantitatively, the metabolites in feces accounted for >47% of the dose, which along with the urinary excretion of approximately 19%, suggested that the absorption of the drug was appreciable. In the feces, radioactivity was predominantly due to M3, M5, M6, and the parent compound. Thus, in urine and feces, the prominent metabolic pathways were oxidations and oxidative N-dealkylations. Excretion of the quaternary N-glucuronide metabolite in the urine, which is a minor metabolite in human, was specific to primates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Balani
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Hoagland
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sturgill
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013045:Species Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir