title: Decreased bladder compliance in patients with myelomeningocele treated with radiological observation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently others advocated frequent radiological surveillance to detect upper urinary tract deterioration in children with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida. We reviewed the consequences of such expectant management on bladder compliance and urinary continence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 214 children presenting to our spina bifida clinic in a 13-year period. Follow-up is available for 95 girls and 86 boys. Imaging studies of the kidneys were repeated at 6 to 12-month intervals. Urodynamics were performed when upper urinary tracts deteriorated or in incontinent school age children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On radiographic study there was evidence of upper urinary tract deterioration in 79 children, including hydronephrosis in 34, hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux in 19, and reflux only in 26. Follow up studies performed after clean intermittent catheterization and pharmacological therapy were instituted revealed resolution or improvement of upper tract deterioration in 52 patients (69%), while bladder compliance improved in only 42%. Surgical intervention was required in 34 children, despite improvement of upper tract changes in many of these patients on follow up radiographic studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although radiological surveillance of patients with myelomeningocele allows recognition of upper tract changes, the effects of elevated outlet resistance on bladder compliance are not as readily reversible as the initial radiographic findings. The incidence of enterocystoplasty exceeds that reported for patients treated prospectively based on urodynamic findings, which should be considered in the treatment of these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ritchey
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rudy
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery