title: Videokeratography of keratoconus in monozygotic twins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the corneal topographic appearance in a pair of monozygotic twins and family members of the twins because one of the twins had keratoconus and the other appeared normal by clinical examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical examination and videokeratography (Topographic Modeling System, Tomey) of the patient, his monozygotic twin brother, an older brother, and his parents were performed. The I-S values (difference in the average dioptric powers of symmetrical points between the inferior and superior cornea) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient, a 28-year-old man, had clinical keratoconus confirmed with videokeratography. Clinical examination of family members including a twin brother, an older brother and both parents revealed no corneal abnormalities. Videokeratography of the clinically normal twin brother showed inferior steepening with progression over time. The I-S value of the clinically normal brother was 1.36 (right eye) (greater than 2.00 SD of normal controls), which progressed to 1.69 (right eye), 1.32 (left eye) 5 months later and to 1.87 (right eye), 1.43 diopters (D) (left eye) 14 months later. Minimal asymmetric inferior steepening was noted in an older brother who had an I-S value of 0.81 (right eye), 1.27 (left eye). The mother appeared topographically normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study lends support to the existence of subclinical keratoconus detectable by videokeratography only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0684, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavlopoulos
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000379:methods*; D013690:Television; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic