title: A profile of amino acid and catecholamine levels during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in sheep: searching for potential markers of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: The identification of plasma markers of the course of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is needed to improve its treatment and to further advance the development of new therapeutic agents. The status of markers of lung injury in ARDS is reviewed and some new potential markers are proposed. This study focused on plasma amino acids, related amino compounds, and catecholamine levels during the acute phase of endotoxin-induced lung injury in 8 sheep characterized by the onset of pulmonary edema caused by increased microvascular permeability. A number of significant changes from baseline values were found. During the sixth hour of a 12-hour period of endotoxin infusion, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and alanine levels increased whereas the isoleucine level decreased. During the sixth hour of the immediate postendotoxin period, the taurine level increased while the levels of arginine, citrulline, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, ornithine, serine, threonine, and tryptophan decreased. These findings are compared with prior studies in human subjects detailing the amino acid profile characteristic of advanced sepsis. We conclude that the present profile of catecholamine and amino acid changes during endotoxemia in sheep deserves further study in human subjects to determine its significance as a marker of the early stage of ARDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hofford
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milakofsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D004731:Endotoxins