title: Functional impairment of renal afferent arteriolar voltage-gated calcium channels in rats with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired afferent arteriolar responsiveness to opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozocin (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and insulin was administered via an osmotic minipump to achieve moderate hyperglycemia. Sham rats received vehicle treatments. 2 wk later, the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique was used to allow videomicroscopic measurement of afferent arteriolar contractile responses to increasing bath concentrations of either Bay K 8644 or K+. Baseline afferent arteriolar diameter in kidneys from diabetic rats (26.4+/-1.2 microm) exceeded that of Sham rats (19.7+/-1.0 microm). Bay K 8644 evoked concentration-dependent reductions in afferent diameter in both groups of kidneys; however, arterioles from Sham rats responded to 1 nM Bay K 8644 while 100 nM Bay K 8644 was required to contract arterioles from diabetic rats. The EC50 for K+-induced reductions in afferent arteriolar diameter was greater in diabetic kidneys (40+/-4 mM) than in kidneys from Sham rats (28+/-4 mM; P < 0.05). In afferent arterioles isolated by microdissection from Sham rats and loaded with fura 2, increasing bath [K+] from 5 to 40 mM evoked a 98+/-12 nM increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). [Ca2+]i responses to 40 mM K+ were suppressed in afferent arterioles from diabetic rats (delta = 63+/-5 nM), but were normalized by decreasing bath glucose concentration from 20 to 5 mM. These observations indicate that the early stage of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with a functional defect in afferent arteriolar L-type calcium channels, an effect which may contribute to suppressed afferent arteriolar vasoconstrictor responsiveness and promote glomerular hyperfiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-4575, USA. pkcarmin@mail.unmc.edu
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Carmines
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikenaga
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009399:Nephrons / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium