title: Radiation dose from breastfeeding following administration of thallium-201.
abstract: Radiation exposure to a breast feeding infant was estimated when the mother underwent a nuclear medicine procedure using 201Tl.
  
  
  METHODS
  A lactating mother was administered 111 MBq of 201Tl for a brain scan. Breast milk samples were collected over a period of three days, and the rate of 201Tl secretion was determined. The infant was not breast fed during that time. Based on our data, we determined the time-activity function for radioactivity in the breast milk. From these data, and assuming an intake of 1000 ml/day, we calculated the fraction of administered activity that might be taken in by the infant. We also calculated the intake assuming breastfeeding delays of 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 500 hr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We calculated the radiation dose to various organs and the effective dose to an infant and a 1-yr-old for breastfeeding delays of 2 to 500 hr. The effective dose to a 1-yr-old from an administration of 111 MBq of 201Tl to the mother ranged from 0.90 mSv to 0.00072 mSv, and the effective dose to a newborn ranged from 1.6 mSv to 0.0013 mSv depending on delay time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our estimates of radiation exposure to an infant from breastfeeding indicate that in this case, a 1-yr-old would have received less than the NCRP's proposed limit on annual effective dose to members of the general public of 1 mSv with a 48-hr delay and no restrictions on holding the child. A newborn would have received less than the proposed infrequent exposure limit of 5 mSv without any delay or restrictions in breastfeeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7510, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mukherji
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stabin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes