title: Quantitative assessment of cerebral atrophy during and after treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluate quantitatively brain atrophy induced by central nervous system prophylaxis in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia during and after therapy completion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of the width of the subarachnoid compartments were performed in 243 brain computed tomography (CT) examinations of 196 children examined during (125) and/or after (71) treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia without central nervous system involvement. Data were compared with normative data. RESULTS. Diffuse brain atrophy was observed in 74% and 65% of the CT examinations performed during and after cessation of treatment, respectively. The highest incidence of brain atrophy (78%) occurred during the administration of intrathecal chemotherapy. All children younger than 2 years of age exhibited brain atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain atrophy is the principal CT finding in the majority of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and it can be attributed mainly to intrathecal chemotherapy. This finding can be observed long after therapy completion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Medical School of Crete, Iraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prassopoulos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavouras
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golfinopoulos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Evlogias
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panagiotou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*