title: Long-term functional status and mortality of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term clinical outcome of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients older than 65 years of age admitted to a regional trauma center with a diagnosis of closed head injury and an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or less. Using chi 2 analysis, Student's t test, and multiple logistic regression, we correlated age, sex, mechanism of injury, pupillary reactivity, alcohol and drug use, admission GCS score, Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score, heart rate, and blood pressure to the main outcome measures, i.e. long-term functional outcome and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 40 elderly patients who met the criteria, 27% were still alive at the end of 38 +/- 3 month follow-up. Eighty-five percent of patients who were discharged from the hospital were still alive long-term, but did not show significant neurologic improvement. In a univariate analysis, GCS and pupillary reactivity were predictive for long-term functional outcome and mortality. In a multivariate analysis, GCS and heart rate were predictive. All patients with an admission GCS score of 3 died in-hospital. All patients with an admission GCS score of 3 to 7 were either deceased or lived in persistent vegetative or dependent functional states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients with severe closed head injuries have high in-hospital mortality. Those who survived the hospital stay had high long-term survival, but did not show significant functional improvement. Prediction of long-term functional status is vital to the trauma care of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilaru
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garb
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emhoff
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiallo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Swiencicki
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014193:Trauma Centers