title: Influence of patient position on withdrawal forces during removal of lumbar extradural catheters.
abstract: We have investigated the force required to remove lumbar extradural catheters from 88 parturients to determine the effects of patient positioning at removal, relative to the position at insertion. Parturients were allocated randomly to one of four groups: LS (lateral insertion, sitting withdrawal), LL (lateral insertion, flexed lateral withdrawal), SL (sitting insertion, lateral withdrawal) or SS (sitting insertion, sitting withdrawal). In both positions, the lumbar spine was kept maximally flexed. The force required to remove the catheter was measured at withdrawal. We found that the withdrawal force was influenced by the relationship between the position at removal and that at insertion, and we recommend that for ease of removal, patients should be placed in the same position as they were at the time of insertion. Compared with all other groups, the withdrawal force in patients in group LS was significantly greater (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: DiBenedetto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy