title: Nongerminomatous germ cell tumors of the brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This analysis was performed to determine the clinical outcome of patients with primary nongerminomatous germ cell tumors of the brain. The efficacy of various treatment options was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 57 patients with primary nongerminomatous germ cell tumors of the brain were identified. Patient-related data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up in surviving patients ranged from 3 to 243 months (median follow-up 36). Survival and failure rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between the survival curves were evaluated using either the log rank test or the Wilcoxon test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year survival rate was 86% for patients with mature teratomas, 67% for patients with immature teratomas, 44% for patients with mixed germ cell tumors, and 13% for patients with the other histologic types (p = 0.02). The 3-year survival rate was 0% for patients having biopsies alone, 32% for patients having subtotal resections, and 73% for patients having gross total resections (p = 0.0001). Patients with tumors other than mature or immature teratomas were evaluated for possible relationships between the administration of chemotherapy or radiotherapy and survival. Patients who received chemotherapy had a 3-year survival rate of 56% compared to 8% for those patients who did not receive chemotherapy (p = 0.0001) Patients who received radiotherapy had a 3-year survival rate of 46% compared to 11% for those patients who did not receive radiotherapy (p = 0.0015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survival of patients with primary nongerminomatous germ cell tumors of the brain is dependent on tumor histology and the extent of surgical resection. Patients with tumors other than mature or immature teratomas appear to benefit from the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Scheithauer
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schomberg
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome