title: Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on peripheral adrenoceptors, plasma, noradrenaline, MHPG and cortisol in depressed patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanism of the antidepressant action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains unknown. Based on previous work with antidepressant drugs and their effects on the noradrenergic system, we undertook this study to further determine the effects of ECT on selected indices of peripheral adrenoceptor function in depressed patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Binding parameters (Bmax and Kd) of platelet alpha 2- and leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors, plasma noradrenaline (NA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) and cortisol levels were determined in 18 patients, prior to treatment and 14 days after the last of a series of ECTs, and compared with samples obtained from 18 matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor sites were significantly elevated in untreated patients compared with controls (P < 0.03), but leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor numbers did not differ. Treatment with ECT led to a significant reduction in platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor numbers, whereas leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor densities increased. Pre-ECT plasma NA, MHPG, and cortisol levels were elevated in patients, compared with controls, and decreased following ECT, but these differences were not statistically significant. Post-ECT plasma NA and beta 2-adrenoceptor numbers were significantly, negatively correlated (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors are supersensitive in depressed patients and treatment with ECT results in down-regulation of these receptors, which may be interpreted as a primary therapeutic, "normalising' effect. The post-ECT changes in leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors are probably only secondary to the lower circulating plasma NA levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Werstiuk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coote
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D020120:Iodocyanopindolol; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D010869:Pindolol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D015016:Yohimbine; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D020120:Iodocyanopindolol; D010869:Pindolol; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine