title: Prolonged-release hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablets of furosemide for administration to dogs.
abstract: Furosemide is a problematic drug in a prolonged-release product because its absorption is site specific, taking place mainly in the upper parts of the alimentary tract. The aim of the study reported here was to develop prolonged-release furosemide formulations for dogs. The type of preparation selected was a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablet. Evaluation was based on dissolution studies, on in vivo disintegration studies in the canine stomach and on bioavailability studies in Beagle dogs. The variables tested were the viscosity grade of the polymer, the amount of polymer and presence or absence of an alkaline compound (potassium carbonate) in the formulation. When potassium carbonate was included, furosemide was absorbed so slowly that drug administration once daily would give plateau drug plasma concentrations, even though the elimination half-life of furosemide is only about one hour. In vitro dissolution tests gave a wrong indication of the in vivo behaviour of the products. Thus, in vivo studies are important from the very beginning in the development of new drug products for dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marvola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liljequist
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Happonen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004232:Diuretics; D004337:Drug Carriers; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D005665:Furosemide; D008747:Methylcellulose