title: Comparison of effects of topical levocabastine and nedocromil sodium on the early response in a conjunctival provocation test with allergen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple ocular challenges or seasonal trials have demonstrated the efficacy of levocabastine and nedocromil sodium in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the protective effect of levocabastine eye drops with that of nedocromil in a conjunctival provocation test with allergen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with allergic conjunctivitis to grass pollen were recruited. After a preliminary provocation to determine conjunctival reaction threshold (erythema of at least 50% of the conjunctiva with ocular itching), patients were randomized to receive either topical levocabastine (0.05%) or nedocromil (2%) 15 minutes before provocation. Erythema and pruritus intensity were recorded at each concentration of allergen up to the reaction threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allergen concentration level necessary to reach reaction threshold was increased (p < 0.001) after treatment with both drugs. Comparison between screening and each treatment indicated that the shift in allergen concentration was significantly greater after levocabastine treatment than after nedocromil treatment (p = 0.019). Conjunctival itching (symptom score) and erythema (percent conjunctival surface) were also better controlled by levocabastine than by nedocromil during provocation (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a provocation test with allergen, levocabastine and nedocromil were both effective in increasing the conjunctival tolerance to allergen, with better protection provided by levocabastine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kämmerer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spertini
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017835:Nedocromil / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D017835:Nedocromil; C047340:levocabastine