title: Clinicopathologic correlation of an untreated macular hole and a macular hole treated by vitrectomy, transforming growth factor-beta 2, and gas tamponade.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinicopathologic features of an untreated macular hole in the right eye and a macular hole in the left eye treated by vitrectomy, application of transforming growth factor-beta 2, and gas tamponade.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient, a 73-year-old man with bilateral macular holes, was studied clinically before and after surgical treatment of the macular hole in his left eye. The patient's eyes were obtained postmortem and serially step-sectioned through the macula and optic nerve head for electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of 1-micron thick plastic-embedded sections through the macula of the right eye disclosed a 0.6-mm macular hole with rounded gliotic margins, a thin epiretinal membrane, and parafoveal cystic changes. Examination of 1-micron thick plastic-embedded sections through the macula of the left eye disclosed a 0.25-mm defect in the fovea, which was bridged by glial cells. The glial cells were continuous with a thin hypocellular epiretinal membrane without contraction features on both sides of the defect. The ultrastructural features of the glial cells were consistent with Mueller cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of a macular hole with vitrectomy, transforming growth factor-beta 2, and gas tamponade was followed by complete closure of the macular hole by Mueller cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Eye Pathology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: de la Cruz
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000473:pathology; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012160:Retina / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C042852:perflutren