title: [In utero fetal death in multiple pregnancies during the second and third trimesters. A series of 21 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recall the maternal and fetal risks in multiple pregnancies with in utero death during the second and third trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  From january 1, 1984 through December 31, 1994 21 cases of in utero death occurred among 405 multiple pregnancies followed in our unit. The frequency and circumstances of maternal and fetal complications were established according to type of placenta implantation, etiology, term at death of the twin and delay from death to delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of in utero death was 5.2%. Various etiologies were observed, but the main cause was intra-uterine growth retardation. Maternal complications were marked by moderate asymptomatic disorders in hemostasis which resolved rapidly. Fetal complications included premature delivery (20/25 infants) and multicystic encephalopathy in one surviving twin. In monochorial pregnancies there is either tromboplastin release or hypotension-hypoxia phenomena which lead to neurological lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal prognosis depends essentially on the type of placenta implantation. The most severe fetal complications are caused by neurological damage occurring in monochorial pregnancies. Screening for this anomaly is difficult, limiting the antenatal evaluation to the prognosis of the surviving twin. In bichorial pregnancies, and even more so in monochorial pregnancies. It is important to prevent premature delivery and maintain regular obstetrical care. The ultrasound-Doppler examination is the key to follow-up in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Lille.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tordjeman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vinatier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duquesnoy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Obegi
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Monnier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puech
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
vernacular_title: Mort foetale in utero dans les grossesses multiples au cours des deuxième et troisième trimestres. A propos de 21 cas.