title: Clinical efficacy of ampicillin, pivampicillin and procaine penicillin G in a soft tissue infection model in ponies.
abstract: Tissue chambers, implanted subcutaneously in ponies, were inoculated with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The animals received either no antibiotics or one of the following treatments: pivampicillin per os (19.9 mg/kg, equivalent to 15 mg/kg ampicillin, every 12 h) for 7 or 21 days (7 and 5 ponies, respectively), procaine penicillin G intramuscularly (12 mg/kg = 12,000 IU/kg, every 24 h) for 7 days (7 ponies), or ampicillin sodium intravenously (equivalent to 15 mg/ kg ampicillin, every 8 h) for 1 day (5 ponies). Only intravenous administration was started before infection (prophylactically), the other treatments were started 20 h after infection (curatively). A total of 7 ponies received no antibiotics. In untreated controls, the infection led to abscessation of the tissue chamber in 4 to 10 days. Curative treatment with either pivampicillin or procaine penicillin G for 7 days resulted in a reduction of viable bacteria in the tissue chamber but did not eliminate the infection, resulting in abscessation in 5 to 14 days. However, administration of pivampicillin for 21 days eliminated the streptococci in five out of five ponies and prophylactic administration of ampicillin was successful in three out of five ponies.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ensink
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barneveld
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vulto
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Van Miert
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006736:Horses; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009333:Neck; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010917:Pivampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D011108:Polymers; D010917:Pivampicillin; D000667:Ampicillin; D010400:Penicillin G