title: Separation of water and fat MR images in a single scan at .35 T using "sandwich" echoes.
abstract: A method was developed for separation of water and fat MR images in a single scan with correction of static field inhomogeneity. The imaging sequence uses a single radiofrequency (RF) echo that is "sandwiched" between two gradient echoes. The gradient echoes are used to determine the B(0) distribution and to produce out-of-phase images after phase correction using the field map. An algorithm was developed to unwrap the phase images for quantitating the B(0) inhomogeneity. To account for differences in geometric distortion between the RF echo image and the gradient echo images due to the reversal of the read gradients, methods were developed to correct the images before the calculation of the final water and fat images. The proposed technique was implemented at .35 T. Both phantom and human images were acquired using the method. It is shown that water- and fat-separated images can be obtained in a single scan using the "sandwich" echoes in the presence of a relatively large B(0) inhomogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Radiologic Imaging Laboratory, Toshiba America MRI, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94060, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goldhaber
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001834:Body Water; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging