title: Bilateral connections from ventral group inspiratory neurons to phrenic motoneurons in the rat determined by cross-correlation.
abstract: We examined the functional connections from inspiratory neurons in the ventrolateral medulla to phrenic motoneurons in 11 Sprague-Dawley rats with intact vagi anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and paralysed with pancuronium bromide. Cross-correlation histograms were computed between the extracellular activity of 70 of these neurons and the discharge of the phrenic nerves; 38 contralateral only, 10 ipsilateral only and 22 bilaterally. A total of 22 peaks were detected in the cross-correlation histograms. These were classified as indicating common activation or synaptic connection according to their latencies to onset, and those suggesting connections as monosynaptic or paucisynaptic according to their half-amplitude widths. Nine peaks suggesting monosynaptic excitation of phrenic motoneurons were detected for 7 ventral group inspiratory neurons; 4 with contralateral connections and not tested for ipsilateral connections, 2 with bilateral connections, and 1 with a monosynaptic contralateral connection and a paucisynaptic ipsilateral connection. Four peaks suggesting paucisynaptic excitation of phrenic motoneurons were detected for 3 ventral group inspiratory neurons; 1 with bilateral connections, 1 with a contralateral connection only, and 1 (previously mentioned) with a paucisynaptic ipsilateral connection and a monosynaptic contralateral excitation. The remaining 9 peaks were classified as due to a common activation of the phrenic motoneurons and the ventral group inspiratory neurons. Cross-correlation histograms were also computed between the left and right phrenic nerve discharges in 5 rats and all displayed central broad peaks indicative of common activation, possibly due to excitation from bilaterally projecting medullary inspiratory neurons. We concluded that there is a substantial bilateral excitation of phrenic motoneurons by inspiratory neurons in the ventral medullary group of the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duffin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Alphen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*