Preventing skin breakdown: nursing practices, costs, and outcomes.
The aims of this study were to identify patients at risk for skin breakdown, to describe nursing interventions associated with the prevention of skin breakdown, and to analyze the cost of supplies used to prevent skin breakdown. An evaluation of nursing interventions used at three hospitals revealed that nurses used a variety of strategies for preventing skin breakdown. However, greater expenditures on prevention strategies did not improve outcomes and overuse of some items increased the incidence of skin breakdown. Protocol-based preventive nursing interventions are necessary to provide a cost-effective approach to the maintenance of skin integrity.
Bostrom
J
J
Stanford University Hospital, CA 94305, USA.
Mechanic
J
J
Lazar
N
N
Michelson
S
S
Grant
L
L
Nomura
L
L
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors