title: Rhodococcus equi infection in HIV-positive subjects: a retrospective analysis of 24 cases.
abstract: Rhodococcus equi causes a rare infection in immunocompromised hosts. We describe 24 cases of infection in patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pneumonia was always the first manifestation of R. equi infection, but extrapulmonary involvement was also observed. The main sources of bacteria were sputum, bronchial washings and blood. The strains isolated were mainly susceptible to erythromycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin, imipenem and aminoglycosides. Initial treatment should involve an intravenously administered antibiotic combination therapy including imipenem or vancomycin or teicoplanin, followed by orally administered maintenance combination therapy. Drug combinations should be investigated for serum bactericidal activity in vitro. Surgery does not increase survival time and should only be performed in cases that do not respond to antibiotic treatment. Presumptive risks of infection (contact with horses or farm dust, or cohabiting with people affected by R. equi infection) were present in more than 50% of patients. This finding, and the frequency of bacteria in the sputum, are not sufficient proof of transmission between humans, but do suggest the need for respiratory isolation of patients affected by R. equi pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Rimini Hospital, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arlotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoboli
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moscatelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maserati
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Libanore
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonazzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piscina
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciammarughi
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016929:Rhodococcus equi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents