title: Impact of free prostate-specific antigen on discordant measurement results of assays for total prostate-specific antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine why various assays for total PSA (t-PSA) produce discordant results in identical serum samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 sera from 40 patients with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia and from 44 patients with untreated prostate cancer were analyzed with seven assays for t-PSA and the Hybritech research assay for free prostate-specific antigen (f-PSA). Comparison between assays was performed by linear regression of the t-PSA concentrations as well as between the t-PSA concentrations and the f/t-PSA ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coefficients of correlation for the investigated assays versus Hybritech Tandem-E range from 0.96 to 0.99. Nevertheless average PSA concentrations differed significantly from the Tandem-E assay in all assays. Despite a good correlation, some assays showed a regression line with a slope notably different from 1. In these assays, elevated concentrations were observed in sera with a high proportion of f-PSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study illustrates a significant and clinically relevant discordance between reported t-PSA concentrations for identical samples, depending on the assay used and on the contents of f-PSA in the sample. The interpretation of t-PSA concentrations requires awareness of the applied assay as well as the establishment of an assay-specific reference range in order to avoid inappropriate clinical consequences, such as unnecessary biopsies. Respective details must be contained in the laboratory reports. A change of assays without specifically reassessing previously valid reference ranges or the uncritical use of a customarily applied limit of < 4 ng/mL will otherwise be harmful to the patient.
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semjonow
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oberpenning
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zechel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brandau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hertle
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen