title: Hematoma and abscess of the nasal septum in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of hematoma and abscess of the nasal septum (HANS) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric tertiary care facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive series of 20 children (age, 2 months to 15 years; mean age, 7 years) who were admitted to the hospital for treatment of HANS after nasal trauma during an 18-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to receiving antibiotics, all patients underwent general anesthetic for incision and evacuation of the collection of blood and pus together with nasal packing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a history of nasal trauma. The HANS was a consequence of child abuse (2 patients younger than 2 years), minor nasal trauma (14 patients aged 1 to 10 years), and sports injury (4 patients older than 10 years). The diagnosis was made 1 to 14 days (mean, 5.9 days) after the episode of trauma. Nasal obstruction was the most common symptom found and was present in all but 1 patient. Pain, rhinorrhea, and fever occurred in 50%, 35%, and 25% of patients, respectively. Nasal fracture was present in 3 children. Abscess was found at surgery in 12 patients and was universally associated with septal cartilage destruction. Hematoma was present in 8 patients and associated with cartilage destruction in 2 patients. Organisms cultured were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus and were obtained from all 12 patients with septal abscess and from 1 patient with septal hematoma. Corrective nasal surgery has been performed in 5 patients, 4 of whom had a history of septal abscess.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of HANS must be considered in all children who have acute onset of nasal obstruction and a history of recent nasal trauma to minimize the risk of nasal deformity and prevent the development of septic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Canty
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009300:Nasal Septum; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies