title: Cerebellar hypometabolism in focal epilepsy is related to age of onset and drug intoxication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to investigate the cerebellar depression of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGlu) in patients with focal epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 170 consecutive patients with medically refractory, focal epilepsy the rCMRGlu was measured in cerebellum and brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rCMRGlu was markedly decreased in both cerebellar hemispheres and slightly in brain. The cerebellum to brain rCMRGlu ratio was significantly decreased in patients with seizure manifestation in infancy, but was normal due to a progressive decrease in brain rCMRGlu in later age. A subgroup of patients with focal epilepsy involving the frontal lobe had a reduced cerebellum/brain rCMRGlu ratio, whereas in patients with mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), the rCMRGlu was decreased to the same degree in cerebellum and brain. The difference in the cerebellum/brain rCMRGlu ratio between the two groups was accounted for by the younger age of the patients with focal epilepsy involving the frontal lobe, however. In another subgroup of patients with a documented history of critical drug intoxications, the cerebellar rCMRGlu was severely decreased, resulting in a significantly reduced cerebellum/brain rCMRGlu ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our retrospective study suggests that the cerebellum is particularly vulnerable in infancy to ongoing epileptic activity and high dosage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlaug
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holthausen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuxhorn
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D005947:Glucose