title: Clinicopathological significance of Ki-ras point mutation and p21 expression in benign and malignant exocrine tumors of the human pancreas.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that Ki-ras point mutations may play an important role in the early stages of tumorigenesis and that a double mutation has a stronger detrimental effect than a single mutation on the survival after pancreatectomy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested the important role of Ki-ras point mutations in ras gene codon 12 in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer, but their clinicopathological significance is still unclear. The present study was designed to assess the clinicopathological significance of Ki-ras point mutations, and p21 expression in malignant and benign diseases of the pancreas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oligonucleotide dot-blot hybridization for Ki-ras point mutations in codon 12 and immunohistochemical staining for p21 expression were applied. Cases included 44 primary and 15 metastatic lesions of pancreatic cancer, and 17 benign pancreatic diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ki-ras point mutations and p21 expression were detected in 43 and 19 primary lesions, 9 and 6 metastatic lesions, and four and five benign diseases, respectively. The patients with a single mutation had a better survival after pancreatectomy than those with a double mutation. The patients with a p21(+) GAT mutation showed the worst survival after pancreatectomy compared with other categories of patients.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D017354:Point Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)