title: Spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in elderly patients: effect of site of injection on spread of analgesia.
abstract: In this randomized, observer-blind study, we have examined, in elderly patients, the effect of site of injection on analgesia levels after spinal injection of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine solution. Thirty male patients, aged 68-87 yr, undergoing minor urological surgery during spinal anaesthesia received 3 ml of a 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine solution at either the L3-4 (n = 15) or L4-5 (n = 15) interspace. The solution was injected with the patient in the sitting position. The patient remained sitting for 2 min and was then placed in the supine horizontal position. Analgesia levels were assessed bilaterally using pin-prick. The highest analgesia levels did not differ between groups (medians were approximately T7). There were no significant differences in the time to maximum cephalad spread of analgesia, maximum degree of motor block or haemodynamic changes. We conclude that injection at the L4-5 interspace has no advantage compared with injection at the L3-4 interspace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Veering
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ter Riet
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Burm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stienstra
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Van Kleef
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine