title: Ketoprofen produces profound inhibition of spinal c-Fos protein expression resulting from an inflammatory stimulus but not from noxious heat.
abstract: This study assesses the anti-inflammatory/analgesic effects of ketoprofen a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, using the method of c-Fos immunoreactivity at the spinal cord level in two models of noxious stimulation: carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain or acute noxious heat. Ketoprofen was pre-administered intravenously or orally 25 min before an intraplantar injection of carrageenan (6 mg in 150 microliters of saline) in hindpaw of the non-anaesthetised rat or before a single noxious heat (52 degrees C, 15 sec) stimulation of hindpaw of the anaesthetised rat. Three hours after carrageenan or 2 h after noxious heat, the number of spinal c-Fos protein-like immunoreactive (c-Fos-LI) neurons in L4-L5 segments and both the ankle and paw diameter, the indicator of peripheral oedema, were assessed. Pre-administered ketoprofen (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg i.v.) dose-dependently blocks the development of the carrageenan-induced spinal c-Fos protein expression and peripheral oedema, with the highest dose influencing in parallel both parameters (75 +/- 2% diminution of total number of c-Fos-LI neurons per L4-L5 section; 64 +/- 4% and 82 +/- 6% diminution of paw and ankle oedema, respectively). The effect of ketoprofen was significantly greater on the number of c-Fos-LI neurons in deep, as compared to superficial, laminae. Furthermore, the dose-dependent effects of ketoprofen on the carrageenan-induced spinal c-Fos protein expression and both the paw and ankle oedema were correlated. Oral pre-administration of ketoprofen (20 mg/kg) produced the blockage of development of the carrageenan-induced spinal c-Fos protein expression (65 +/- 3% diminution of total number of c-Fos-LI neurons per L4-L5 section) and peripheral oedema (20 +/- 3% and 59 +/- 10% diminution of paw and ankle oedema, respectively). In contrast, the same doses of both the intravenous and oral pre-administration of ketoprofen did not influence either the spinal c-Fos protein expression nor slightly enhanced paw diameter induced by a single noxious heat stimulation. This study suggests a predominant peripheral site, without excluding a central site of action of ketoprofen in the carrageenan-induced inflammation. The method of c-Fos protein-like immunoreactivity revealed ketoprofen to be more potent in comparison to members of other families of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, previously studied in the same experimental conditions of carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain.
authors.affiliation: Physiopharmacologie du Systéme Nerveux, INSERM U.161, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buritova
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Honoré
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Besson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005528:Foot; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D002351:Carrageenan; D007660:Ketoprofen