title: Predictability of extracranial/intracranial bypass function: a retrospective study of patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When the efficacy of extracranial/intracranial bypass surgery is discussed, can we include the patients with extensive collateral circulation through the bypass and those with poor collateral circulation in the same group? The bypass function should be determined not by the patency of the bypass but by the extent of collateral circulation through the bypass. We retrospectively analyzed our patients to determine whether the extent of bypass flow can be predicted from the results of preoperative studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 51 hemispheres of 44 consecutive patients who underwent extracranial/intracranial bypass surgery, correlation between the extent of bypass flow and the preoperative results of angiographic and stimulated cerebral blood flow studies were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bypass function is highly predictable with the aid of preoperative studies. In 11 hemispheres that showed both retrograde spontaneous circulation via leptomeningeal anastomoses and decreased reactivity to acetazolamide of cerebral blood flow in an area distal to the arterial lesion, collateral circulation through the bypass developed well and reactivity to acetazolamide improved. In all of 13 hemispheres that showed normal reactivity to acetazolamide, the bypass was patent but the collateral circulation did not develop well. In only 4 of 24 hemispheres with spontaneous antegrade circulation distal to the lesion was there satisfactory collateral circulation through the bypass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that improvement of the hemodynamic status by bypass surgery should be expected only in patients with both spontaneously developed leptomeningeal anastomoses and decreased reactivity to acetazolamide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashida
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000086:Acetazolamide