title: Detection of circulating thyroid cells in peripheral blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of circulating malignant thyroid cells may provide a method to identify postoperative patients at risk for metastatic thyroid cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  On the basis of tissue specificity of thyroglobulin gene expression and the sensitivity of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, we performed RT-PCR using primers for thyroglobulin on blood samples from patients with thyroid disease to detect thyroglobulin RNA transcripts. Postoperative peripheral blood samples from 100 patients, including patients with known metastatic thyroid cancer (six papillary and three follicular), thyroid cancer and no evidence of current metastases (63 papillary, 10 follicular, and five patients with both papillary and follicular), benign thyroid disease (six nontoxic nodular goiters), and normal volunteers (seven).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thyroglobulin transcripts were detected in nine of nine patients with metastatic thyroid cancer, seven of 78 patients with thyroid cancer and no current metastases (although of these seven patients, five had a history of metastatic disease that had been previously treated by surgery, one had a coexisting parathyroid cancer, and one had both papillary and follicular thyroid cancers), zero of six patients with benign thyroid disease, and zero of seven normal volunteers. Identity of amplicons was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and by cloning and sequencing of RT-PCR amplified thyroglobulin fragment (the latter in a limited number of cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that RT-PCR can be used to detect thyroglobulin mRNA in peripheral blood. The presence of these transcripts correlates with the existence of extrathyroidal disease.
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ditkoff
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marvin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yemul
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chabot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feind
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lo Gerfo
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000235:genetics; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013954:Thyroglobulin