title: Intraperitoneal cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide versus intravenous cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide for stage III ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard primary therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. We conducted a phase 3 trial to compare the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous cisplatin on the survival of women with previously untreated, stage III, epithelial ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients underwent an initial exploratory laparotomy and resection of all tumor masses larger than 2 cm. Within four weeks after surgery, six courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (600 mg per square meter of body-surface area per course) plus either intraperitoneal cisplatin (100 mg per square meter) or intravenous cisplatin (100 mg per square meter) were administered at three-week intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 654 randomized patients, 546 were eligible for the study. The estimated median survival was significantly longer in the group receiving intraperitoneal cisplatin (49 months; 95 percent confidence interval, 42 to 56) than in the group receiving intravenous cisplatin (41 months; 95 percent confidence interval, 34 to 47). The risk of death was lower in the intraperitoneal group than in the intravenous group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.96; P = 0.02). Moderate-to-severe tinnitus, clinical hearing loss, and neuromuscular toxic effects were significantly more frequent in the intravenous group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with intravenous cisplatin, intraperitoneal cisplatin significantly improves survival and has significantly fewer toxic effects in patients with stage III ovarian cancer and residual tumor masses of 2 cm or less.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clarke-Pearson
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Malviya
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: DuBeshter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin