title: Lower extremity blood flow and responses to occlusion ischemia differ in exercise-trained and sedentary tetraplegic persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to vascular occlusion differ among electrically stimulated exercise trained and sedentary tetraplegic persons and subjects without tetraplegia (control).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blinded cross-sectional comparison, control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten sedentary tetraplegic men, 10 tetraplegic persons previously habituated to electrically stimulated cycling exercise for 0.4 to 7 years, and 10 nondisabled controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects underwent quantitative Doppler ultrasound examination of the common femoral artery (CFA). End-diastolic arterial images and arterial flow-velocity profiles obtained at rest and following five minutes of suprasystolic thigh occlusion were computer digitized for analysis of heart rate (HR), CFA peak systolic velocity (PSV), CFA cross-sectional area (CSA), flow velocity integral (FVI), and computed CFA inflow volume (IV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No group main effects were observed for resting HR or FVI. At rest, trained tetraplegic men had 14.9% greater PSV, 29.8% larger CSA, and 51.3% greater IV (p values < .05) than sedentary tetraplegic subjects. Resting PSV and IV of the trained subjects did not differ from controls, although CSA was smaller than controls (p < .05). Following occlusion, PSV, CSA, and IV averaged 16.5%, 33.4%, and 65.1% greater for trained tetraplegics persons, respectively, than sedentary tetraplegic subjects (p values < .05). Only CSA differed between the control and the trained groups (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tetraplegic persons conditioned by electrically stimulated cycling have greater lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to occlusion than do their sedentary counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Montalvo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Applegate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014463:Ultrasonography