title: Comorbidity of juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder with disruptive behavior disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the full spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity in juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a naturalistic manner when no exclusionary criteria are used for sample selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive referrals to a specialized pediatric OCD clinic were evaluated by means of structured diagnostic interviews and rating scales. No exclusionary criteria were used for sample selection. Findings were compared with those of previously published reports of juvenile OCD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with previous studies, our sample of juveniles with OCD had high rates of comorbidity not only with tic, mood, and anxiety disorders but also with disruptive behavior disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that in the naturalistic setting, juvenile OCD is heavily comorbid with both internalizing and externalizing disorders. The presence of such a complex comorbid state has important clinical and research implications and stresses the relevance of limiting exclusionary criteria in studies of juvenile OCD.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*