title: Biochemical characterization of a novel KRAS insertion mutation from a human leukemia.
abstract: A novel alteration in exon 1 of KRAS was detected by single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of DNA amplified from the bone marrow of a 4-year-old child with myeloid leukemia. Sequencing of this mutant allele revealed an insertion of three nucleotides between codons 10 and 11 resulting in an in-frame insertion of glycine. Expression of the mutant protein in NIH 3T3 cells caused cellular transformation, and expression in COS cells activated the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Surprisingly, Ras.GTP levels measured in COS cells established that this novel mutant accumulates to 90% in the GTP state, considerably higher than a residue 12 mutant. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the higher Ras.GTP levels correspond to a dramatic decrease in intrinsic GTP hydrolysis as well as resistance to GTPase-activating proteins. This mutation is the first dominant Ras mutation found in human cancer that does not involve residues 12, 13, or 61, and its biochemical properties should help elucidate the mechanism of oncogenic activation.
authors.affiliation: ONYX Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, California 94806, USA. bollag@macgate.onyx-pharm.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bollag
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: elMasry
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shannon
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005091:Exons; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)