title: Reclaiming normal life: mother's stages of recovery from drug use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pilot study to describe the process and stages of pregnant and postpartum women's recovery from drug addiction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Naturalistic inquiry directed by the grounded theory approach of constant comparison and theoretical sampling, including individual interviews and a focus group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-affiliated, nurse-directed comprehensive drug treatment program for pregnant and postpartum women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen pregnant and postpartum women enrolled in substance abuse treatment completed individual interviews, and 3 substance abuse counselors completed a focus group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grounded theory analysis of the process and stages of addiction and recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abstinence was short-lived unless supported by the long, intensive process of reconstructing an identity as a member of society. The basic process of recovery, "reclaiming normal life," consisted of four stages: "rescue or refuge," "no fun any more," "leaving drugs but not the life," and "building a life." An important transition point, "clearing up," was identified between the third and fourth stages. Nine dimensions of attitude changed across the stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses can assess women's stage of drug use or recovery, considering attitudes typical of each stage in nurse-patient interactions. Future research may enable tailoring of interventions to women's stages of addiction and recovery.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167-8312, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kearney
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*