title: [Surgical treatment of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied all patients operated for partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and half-time follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with a mean age of 5 +/- 5 years (5 patients were less than 1 year old). There were sixteen male and twelve female patients. Thirteen patients were symptomatic (47%). The drainage was to the superior vena cava in thirteen cases, to the inferior vena cava in eight cases, to the right atrium in five cases, mixed (to the superior vena cava and to the inferior vena cava) in one case and to the innominate vein in one patient. The diagnosis was made through echocardiography and catheterization in 25 patients, whereas nuclear magnetic resonance was performed in the last five patients. All cases were corrected through medium thoracotomy, except for the single case in which the drainage was to the innominate vein). In 27 patients, the pulmonary veins were guided to the left atrium through an enlarged present atrial septal defect or through a created atrial septal defect. In one case a direct connection was performed from the veins to the left atrium. After the surgical correction, all patients underwent a color-coded Doppler echocardiography study and a nuclear magnetic resonance study was performed in five patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients survived after surgical correction. The patient with a mixed drainage developed an obstruction of the superior vena cava, the pressure gradient was 9 mmHg. He required a second surgical procedure followed with angioplasty on two occasions during a six month period. Two patients showed an ectopic atrial rhythm at some late time. The patient who died was one month old and had an associated pulmonary parenchymal sequestration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial anomalous venous connection is a congenital heart disease which has an easy surgical correction. Complications may arise after the surgical correction, among them obstruction of the superior vena cava and arrythmias are most frequently found. Obstruction is present when 50% of the caval area is occupied by the patch. The arrythmias occur following all surgical techniques. In order to decrease the arrythmias it is necessary to perform a good hemosthasis at the site of the patch, to leave the sinus node free of compression and to perform the atrial incision at the posterior wall. The diagnosis and the follow-up can be performed with non-invasive procedures.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Idígoras
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sarrionandía
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rumoroso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcíbar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
vernacular_title: Cirugía del drenaje anómalo parcial de las venas pulmonares.