title: Effect of lung contusion on surfactant composition in multiple-trauma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate alterations of the surfactant system in multiple-trauma patients (MTP) with lung contusion and the influence of single- or multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (OF/MOF) on the surfactant system.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, trauma-intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  MTP with an Injury Severity Score > 19 points have been recorded prospectively since 1992. Bronchoalveolar lavages were obtained daily either until day 14 or extubation. Three groups of MTP were compared: noL: MTP, no lung contusion (n = 14); LuCo-: MTP, lung contusion, no OF/MOF (n = 17); LuCo+: MTP, lung contusion, with OF/MOF (n = 10). Also, surfactant samples of 11 healthy volunteers (Con) were investigated and compared with MTP. All data were presented as mean +/- SEM. Statistical analysis were performed using programs of SPSS 6.0.1. (univariate ANOVA, Fisher's Exact Test, p < = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in sex and age. Injury Severity Score was significantly impaired in group LuCo+ (44 +/- 4), compared with groups noL (31 +/- 3) and LuCo- (34 +/- 3). Group noL showed no statistical differences for lung function, total protein, and total phospholipid content of the bronchoalveolar lavage compared with group LuCo-. Furthermore, the relative content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol in total phospholipids and surfactant-associated protein A were not significantly altered compared with group LuCo-. Lung function in group LuCo+ was significantly impaired and led to hypoxemia on the day of trauma. Total protein content and total phospholipids were significantly elevated in group LuCo+ compared with groups noL and LuCo- on the first day. Also, the relative content of phosphatidylcholine was significantly increased in group LuCo+ up to day 4, compared with groups noL and LuCo-. In comparison with groups noL and LuCo-, a significant decrease of the relative content of phosphatidylglycerol was obtained in group LuCo+ up to day 7. The surfactant-associated protein A was increased in group LuCo+ during the whole observation time, compared with the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple trauma leads to alterations in the surfactant system. The composition of surfactant was not further influenced by lung contusion alone. Only MTP with OF/MOF during the intensive care unit treatment showed significant alterations in surfactant composition and a decrease in lung function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aufinkolk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleinschmidt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Obertacke
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Schmit-Neuerburg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000378:metabolism; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014193:Trauma Centers
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants