title: Factors related to the failure of endoscopic injection therapy for bleeding gastric ulcer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although endoscopic injection therapy is effective in controlling initial haemorrhage from peptic ulcer, between 10% to 30% of patients suffer rebleeding.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the factors that may predict the failure of endoscopic injection in patients bleeding from high risk gastric ulcer.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy eight patients admitted for a gastric ulcer with a bleeding or a non-bleeding visible vessel were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received endoscopic therapy by injection for adrenaline and polidocanol. Twelve clinical and endoscopic variables were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to ascertain their significance as predictive factor of therapeutic failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty seven per cent (155 of 178) of patients had no further bleeding after endoscopic therapy. Endoscopic injection failed in 23 (13%) patients: 20 (12%) continued to bleed or rebleed, and three (1%) patients could not be treated because of inaccessibility of the lesion. Logistic regression analysis showed that therapeutic failure was significantly related to: (1) the presence of hypovolaemic shock (p = 0.09, OR 2.38, 95% CI: 0.86, 6.56), (2) the presence of active bleeding at endoscopy (p = 0.02, OR 2.98, 95% CI: 1.12, 7.91), (3) ulcer location high on the lesser curvature (p = 0.04, OR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.01, 7.69), and (4) ulcer size larger than 2 cm (p = 0.01, OR 3.64, 95% CI: 1.34, 9.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These variables may enable identification of those patients bleeding from gastric ulcer who would not benefit from injection therapy.
authors.affiliation: Consorci Hospitalari Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brullet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coroleu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simó Deu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004630:Emergencies; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004837:Epinephrine