title: Cardiac electrophysiologic measurements in dogs before and after intravenous administration of atropine and propranolol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess baseline cardiac electrophysiologic (EP) measurements in dogs undergoing a clinically used anesthetic protocol, and to study the effects of i.v. administered atropine and propranolol on these EP variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 adult dogs with cardiac function within reference ranges, as assessed by physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 cardiac EP variables were measured in isofluorane-anesthetized dogs before and after i.v. administration of atropine and propranolol. Multipolar electrode catheters were positioned against the endocardium of the dorsal portion of the right atrium, His bundle region, and right ventricular apex. Incremental pacing and pacing-extrastimulus techniques were used to obtain EP measurements of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrial and ventricular myocardia in the control state and after i.v. administration of 0.04 mg of atropine and 0.2 mg of propranolol/kg of body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the atrial effective refractory period changed significantly after muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonism. Marked individual variation in response to these agents, however, was apparent. Two dogs had substantial decreases in sinoatrial and/or atrioventricular nodal measurements, and 7 dogs had notable increases in atrioventricular nodal measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac EP measurements vary widely among clinically normal, isofluorane-anesthetized dogs. Individual dogs can have variable degrees of autonomic tone, which can be minimized by pharmacologic receptor antagonism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although effects of receptor antagonism at clinically applicable dosages were not significant for 12 of 13 measurements, withdrawal of vagal tone can induce marked EP changes and may be important during a clinical study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D011433:Propranolol