title: Mutations of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor gene are strongly related to sporadic proximal colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor gene (TGF-beta RII) have been found in several replication error-positive sporadic colorectal carcinomas and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma cell lines. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of TGF-beta RII in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors screened for mutations at simple repeated sequences in the TGF-beta RII gene by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism. They also examined genomic instability, using five microsatellite DNA markers in 69 sporadic colorectal carcinomas. When the carcinomas exhibited the TGF-beta RII mutations, the authors screened further for mutations in two DNA mismatch repair genes, hMSH2 and hMLH1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 69 cancers (10%) showed one or two A deletions in TGF-beta RII and resultant frameshift mutations in nucleotide positions 709-718 containing a (A) 10 repeated sequence; but none of these appeared in the corresponding normal DNA, indicating a somatic mutation. All of the seven cancers were located in the proximal colon; there were none in the distal colon (P < 0.01). On the other hand, 22 of the 69 carcinomas (32%) showed the replication error-positive phenotype. The frequency of replication errors in proximal colon carcinomas was higher than that in distal colon carcinomas (P < 0.05). All 7 cancers with TGF-beta RII mutations showed replication errors. One of them revealed a nonsense mutation at codon 413, and 1 revealed a loss of heterozygosity in hMSH2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that mutations of TGF-beta RII are strongly related to proximal colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability and that the mechanism of carcinogenesis in some proximal colon carcinomas is similar to that in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Oncology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuasa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004276:DNA, Satellite; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta