title: The noise level in magnetic stimulation.
abstract: The noise generated by stimulating coils may jeopardize the hearing of the patients as well as the hearing of the examiner. To evaluate the potential risk caused by the impulse noise of stimulating coils, we examined the A-weighted peak sound pressure levels from five different types of magnetic stimulator coils. At a distance of 10 cm, with 100% stimulation intensity, the coils with Dantec and Magstim stimulators created maximum peak sound pressure levels of 110 dB. Correspondingly, Cadwell MES-10 created maximum peak sound pressure levels of 132 dB. The decrease in the peak levels followed the distance rule quite closely. At a distance of 40 cm, the decrease in peak level was on average 14 dB (range -1-(+)1 dB). Based on American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limits of impact noise, the permitted maximum daily number of magnetic stimuli would be 1000 to 10,000. The permitted number of daily stimuli may be difficult to exceed in clinical practice. We consider the risk as small for the patients that are being examined and the operator using magnetic stimulation. The potential risk can be further diminished by even very light weighted hearing protectors providing proper attenuation to the coil impulses.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Physics, Vantaa, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Starck
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rimpiläinen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pyykkö
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esko
mesh_terms: D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*