title: Can motor recovery in stroke patients be predicted by early transcranial magnetic stimulation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex to evaluate the functional state of corticospinal pathways innervating the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand in 26 patients suffering from a first-ever ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had complete hand palsy and were tested within the first 24 hours from stroke onset. Patients were also tested clinically with the MRC, Rankin, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scales at day 1 and with MRC and NIH scales and the Barthel Index at day 14. Electrophysiological testing was repeated at day 14. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to the amplitude of the maximal response (motor evoked potential [MEP]) evoked at day 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2 weeks, all 6 patients with initial MEPs > 5% maximum motor response (Mmax) showed some first dorsal interosseous muscle motor function recovery, whereas 19 of 20 patients with initially absent or small (< 5% Mmax) MEPs were left with complete hand palsy. There were strong positive correlations between MEP amplitude at day 1 and MRC and Barthel Index scores at day 14. However, measurement of central motor conduction time proved to be of little prognostic value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that early-performed transcranial magnetic stimulation is a valuable prognostic tool for motor recovery from stroke and that relatively preserved MEP amplitude shortly after stroke is a better prognostic factor than normal central motor conduction time.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Neurology, Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rapisarda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastings
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Noordhout
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennisi
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Delwaide
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation