title: Prospective evaluation of ground reaction forces in dogs undergoing unilateral total hip replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical and biomechanical gait variables in a group of dogs before and after (for 1 year) total hip replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 dogs with degenerative joint disease of the coxofemoral joint secondary to hip dysplasia deemed candidates for total hip replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, each dog was trotted over a biomechanical force platform. Vertical force data evaluated for each stance phase of the treated and untreated hind limbs included peak force, impulse, and limb loading and unloading rates. Vertical peak and impulse data were also evaluated for the forelimbs. Measurements analyzed in the craniocaudal axis, divided into braking and propulsion phases, consisted of peak force and associated impulses. Also, orthopedic examination for each dog included subjective scoring for limb lameness at each evaluation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most ground reaction forces (GRF) were significantly lower before surgery for the proposed treated, compared with the proposed untreated, limb. This difference between limbs continued through postoperative month 1. Also at 1 month, some treated limb values were significantly lower than preoperative values. By 3 to 6 months, treated limb GRF increased so that no significant difference between limbs could be found. Vertical and craniocaudal propulsion impulse values were significantly higher in the treated than untreated limb from the 6-month evaluation period through the remainder of the study. Braking component of the craniocaudal axes measurements was unchanged throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRF indicated that dogs of this study had significantly increased loading function of the treated hind limb by 6 months after unilateral total hip replacement. Data also indicated that some force was transferred from the untreated to treated hip over the study period. Loading rates also increased over the study period, indicating increased willingness to load the treated hip over time. Craniocaudal axis data indicated no improvement in braking forces with coxofemoral joint replacement, suggesting that the coxofemoral joint with degenerative joint disease did not have altered braking performance at a trotting gait. Comparison of subjective lameness scores and objective GRF indicated that visual grading of coxofemoral joint lameness is limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Budsberg
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Foutz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reece
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005552:Forelimb; D006614:Hindlimb; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008124:Locomotion; D009068:Movement; D011187:Posture; D013997:Time Factors