title: Pharmacokinetics of the individual enantiomers of vigabatrin in neonates with uncontrolled seizures.
abstract: The antiepileptic drug vigabatrin (VGB) is a selective irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase. It is administered as a racemic R(-), S(+) mixture, but the pharmacological activity of vigabatrin resides in the S(+) enantiomer and the R(-) enantiomer is inactive. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two enantiomers have been studied after administration of a single oral 125 mg dose of the racemate to six neonates. The mean values of Cmax and AUC of the S(+) enantiomer were significantly lower (Cmax: 14.0 +/- 4.3 mg l-1; AUC: 143 +/- 44 mg l-1 h) than those of the R(-) enantiomer (Cmax: 34.1 +/- 9.5 mg l-1; AUC: 231 +/- 88 mg l-1 h), whereas no significant difference in the time to reach Cmax (S(+): 2.1 +/- 1.1 h; R(-): 2.2 +/- 1 h) was observed between the two enantiomers. During chronic administration (125 mg twice daily over 4 days), there was no evidence of accumulation of either enantiomer.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacologie Clinique Périnatale et Pédiatrique, Université René Descartes, Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vauzelle-Kervroëdan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: d'Athis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiron
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dulac
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olive
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D020888:Vigabatrin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D020888:Vigabatrin