title: Early family adversity as a precursor to narcotic addiction.
abstract: This retrospective study examined differences among three groups of urban males in the prevalence of various family risk factors occurring before age 11 and their independent contributions to subsequent deviance. The groups included: narcotic addicts; never-addicted peer controls who were associates of the addicts at age 11; and never-addicted community controls not associated with the addicts. Sixty-four percent of the addicts, compared to slightly under 40% of both control groups, reportedly experienced one or more family risk factors involving deviant behavior among family members and family disruption before age 11. While community controls differed from addicts on both family deviance and disruption in family structure, peer controls differed from addicts only on disruption of family structure. For the total sample, both family deviance and family disruption experienced before age 11 were significantly associated with crime severity level at age 11. Implications of these findings for future substance abuse research and intervention are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 29140, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Nurco
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kinlock
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hanlon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015142:Baltimore; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D004243:Divorce / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D014505:Urban Population