title: Analgesic efficacy and safety of an intraoral lidocaine patch.
abstract: The effectiveness of intraoral II-docaine patches was tested by asking participants to rate the pain experienced after insertions of a 25-gauge needle. Needlesticks were performed at baseline and at various time points after patch placement. Each needlestick included contact with the periosteum. Lidocaine patches achieved significantly better analgesia than the placebo within 2.5 to five minutes after placement. Drug-related side effects were minimal and venous blood levels of lidocaine were low, averaging 10 to 14 times less than those achieved with a typical injection of lidocaine plus epinephrine. The authors conclude that the lidocaine patches used in this study are effective and safe in reducing needle insertion pain in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6006, USA.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Hersh
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Houpt
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine