title: Errors of context and review of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing research.
abstract: The development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been marked by an emphasis on research, beginning with its introduction by a controlled study in 1989. However, misconceptions regarding the method abound. A recent inaccurate literature review demonstrates the need for more careful scrutiny. To date, 12 controlled studies have been completed in the area of PTSD, most of which support EMDR's efficacy. Nevertheless, a careful examination of a number of studies and of a recent literature review reveal the need for greater methodological rigor and higher clinical standards in both the research and research evaluation process.
authors.affiliation: Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic / Q000379:methods*; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D012106:Research; D016896:Treatment Outcome