title: Interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ceftiofur against bacteria associated with swine respiratory disease.
abstract: Ceftiofur, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, is active against a variety of animal pathogens, including organisms associated with swine respiratory disease. However, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint and disk diffusion interpretive criteria have not been established for swine pathogens. Susceptibility tests were performed by broth microdilution MIC and disk diffusion methods on 246 bacterial species that cause swine respiratory disease. Ceftiofur was active against Salmonella sp., Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, and Escherichia coli but was not active against Bordetella bronchiseptica measured by MIC. Based on pharmacokinetic studies of ceftiofur in swine after a single intramuscular injection of 3 or 5 mg/kg body weight of ceftiofur and on the MIC and disk diffusion data, we recommend MIC breakpoints and disk diffusion distances, respectively, of < or = 2 micrograms/ml and > or = 21 mm for susceptible, 4 micrograms/ml and 18-20 mm for intermediate, and > or = 8 micrograms/ml and > or = 17 mm for resistant classification for swine pathogens. When these breakpoints were applied to data from a previous study using bovine pathogens, only 1 minor interpretive error occurred.
authors.affiliation: MRL Pharmaceutical Services, Franklin, TN 37064, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thornsberry
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheung Yee
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Yancey
mesh_terms: D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000187:drug effects; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; C053503:ceftiofur