title: Primary extramedullary leukemia of the prostate: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: We present the case of a 67-year-old male with primary extramedullary leukemia of the prostate gland, the first reported case in the literature to the best of our knowledge. His initial symptoms consisted of episodes of urinary retention. He underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, and a diagnosis of high-grade lymphoma was rendered. He then received a course of doxorubicin-based lymphoma chemotherapy regimen. However, based on a panel of immunocytochemical stains, a diagnosis of extramedullary leukemia or chloroma was confirmed. His bone-marrow examination at this point was normal. He underwent radiation therapy to the prostate with a total dose of 3960 cGy. Seven months after his initial presentation, he progressed to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), M2 by FAB classification. He was successfully treated with induction and consolidation chemotherapy with Ara-C and idarubicin, and was maintained in complete remission up to 19 months of follow-up. Eight other cases of prostatic leukemia reported in the literature are presented. Five cases occurred in association with ANLL, 2 cases as sites of ANLL relapse, and 1 case in association with myelodysplasia. The use of immunohistochemical stains has aided us in diagnosis of extramedullary leukemia. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy play complementary roles in the treatment of prostatic extramedullary leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Quien
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallach
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandhaus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strair
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saidi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011867:Radioisotope Teletherapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone; D015255:Idarubicin