title: Intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements in two patients with solitary coronary ostium: is there true obstruction?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary anomalies in the absence of other major cardiac malformations are rare, with an incidence of less than 1-1.5%. Although most have been incidental findings without clinical relevance, a subgroup of anomalies has been identified that are associated with cardiac symptoms or even sudden cardiac death. This subgroup includes an ectopic origin and abnormal course of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined two patients with this anomaly. In patient I the left main coronary artery took a deep intramural course anterior to the pulmonary trunk, and in patient II the left anterior descending coronary artery took its course between the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. Both anomalies were identified by coronary angiography and that in patient I was confirmed by surgery. Intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements during cardiac catheterization, including atrial pacing in patient II, demonstrated significant flow acceleration in both patients. This occurred within the intramural segment (in patient I) and in the segment between the pulmonary artery and ascending aorta (in patient II).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that external vessel compression is one pathophysiological mechanism that leads to ischaemia and a longstanding history of cardiac symptoms in these patients. Invasive haemodynamic measurements such as these have not previously been available.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Klues
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: vom Dahl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brenn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hügel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanrath
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000002:abnormalities; D013599:Systole