title: Developmental toxicity of Exell, a surfactant mixture, in rats and rabbits.
abstract: A surfactant mixture (C.A.S No. 104559-06-2), is used in combination with foliar-acting herbicides to improve herbicidal performance by increasing plant uptake. It was administered by gavage as an aqueous solution to groups of 25 assumed pregnant Crl:CD BR rats from days 7-16 of gestation at daily dosage levels of 0, 3, 8, 20 or 50 mg/kg body weight. The dams were euthanized on Day 22 of gestation and the offspring were weighed and examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. The surfactant mixture was maternally toxic at levels of 20 mg/kg/day and above as evidenced by reduced maternal weight gain and by an increased incidence of lung noise (wheezing and/or rattling) and sneezing. In addition, maternal food consumption was reduced in the high dosage group. There was no evidence of developmental toxicity at any dosage level. In the rabbit study, groups of 20 artificially inseminated adult Hra:(NZW)SPF rabbits were similarly dosed from Days 6-18 of gestation at daily dosage levels of 0, 12, 35, or 100 mg/kg body weight. The dose were euthanized on Day 29 of gestation and the offspring were weighed and examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Dosages of 35 and 100 mg/kg/day resulted in reduced maternal body weight gain, food consumption and fetal body weight. Thus, in the rat, the maternal and developmental no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) were 8 mg/kg/day and greater than 50 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the rabbit, the maternal and developmental NOAELs were 12 mg/kg/day. This surfactant mixture was, therefore, not demonstrated to be uniquely toxic to either the rat or rabbit conceptus.
authors.affiliation: Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine, E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Inc., Newark, Delaware, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Munley
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoberman
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hurtt
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Staples
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000187:drug effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D005227:Fatty Acids; C104460:Exell; D000431:Ethanol