title: A comparison of four infrared tympanic thermometers with tympanic membrane temperatures measured by thermocouples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare measurements made with four infrared tympanic thermometers (Genius, Thermopit, Quickthermo, and Thermoscan) with those recorded from thermocouples positioned in the contralateral ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four tympanic thermometers were evaluated in 50 healthy volunteers (12 female and 38 male). Temperatures were measured, in random order, at the right tympanic membrane four times and the highest temperature was considered to be the true value measured by each thermometer. The control temperature was measured at the left tympanic membrane using Mon-a-Therm thermocouples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tympanic membrane temperature measured by Genius correlated best with the Mon-a-therm measurement (TM) (r = 0.74). The tympanic membrane temperatures measured by Thermopit, Quickthermo, and Thermoscan correlated moderately with TM (r = 0.56, 0.63, and 0.58, respectively). Mean differences between TM and each temperature (TG, TTP, TQ, and TTS) were -0.3, 0.73, 0.42, and -0.3 degrees C, respectively. Likewise standard deviations were 0.33, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.35.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that all but the Thermopit (TTP) are similarly useful for the management of patients during anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Yamanashi Medical University, Japan. takashim@res.yamanashi-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanagata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyaji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013821:Thermometers; D014432:Tympanic Membrane