title: Development of intrahepatic cholelithiasis long after primary excision of choledochal cysts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary stricture with dilatation is a putative cause of intrahepatic bile duct stones. However, this hypothesis has never been proved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients had operative cholangiography, underwent standard excision of a choledochal cyst, and were reviewed at follow-up clinics at a mean follow-up time of 13 years and 6 months. The incidence of complications such as intrahepatic cholelithiasis was analyzed according to the morphologic types of the intrahepatic bile ducts as observed at the initial operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 patients (29 cases) did not show any dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Intrahepatic cholelithiasis developed in only one case (3 percent). In group 2 (24 cases), the intrahepatic bile ducts were dilated but not associated with any downstream stenosis. One patient (4 percent) suffered from intrahepatic cholelithiasis. Group 3 patients (3 cases) had dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with downstream stenosis, and none of them was free from the development of intrahepatic biliary stones (3 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with biliary dilatation with stricture of the intrahepatic bile ducts are most likely to develop intrahepatic cholelithiasis after surgical excision of a choledochal cyst, and their stenosis should be relieved by whatever means feasible at initial operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawarasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honna
mesh_terms: D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002758:Cholangiography; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology; D015529:Choledochal Cyst / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography