title: Alcohol use, driver, and crash characteristics among injured motorcycle drivers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motorcycle drivers have the highest frequency of alcohol use among all road users. This study examines alcohol use among a large sample of injured motorcycle drivers and examines how crash characteristics differ with the use of alcohol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 3000 motorcycle drivers who crashed between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, were studied. All fatally injured drivers in 11 California counties and a sample of nonfatally injured drivers treated in 28 hospitals were included in the study if a crash report and medical record were available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among drivers tested for alcohol use, 42% tested positive for the presence of alcohol. Drinking drivers were more likely to be speeding and less likely to wear a helmet, and more frequently had single motorcycle crashes than nondrinking drivers. Crash characteristics, but not alcohol use, were predictive of increased injury severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol use remains a significant factor in motorcycle crashes and is an important area for injury prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center, UCLA School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology 90095-1772, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peek-Asa
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D009049:Motorcycles; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology