title: Combined treatment with lasertherapy (Nd:YAG) and endocavitary radiation in the palliation of rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ideal treatment for patients with advanced rectal cancer and who cannot undergo a radical therapy is still undefined. The association between lasertherapy (LT) and internal radiotherapy (IRT) could affect both technical results and quality of life. This study was aimed at evaluating the association of LT and IRT in the palliative treatment of rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January and April 1994, 9 patients (2 males, 7 females) with rectal cancer underwent a combined treatment modality in order to control their symptoms. All patients were unfit for surgery and EUS showed an invasion of the whole muscular layer. After laser recanalization, brachytherapy was applied at a one week interval from last laser session. Two fractions of 10 Gy were administered at one week intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of laser sessions to obtain a complete recanalization was 3 (range:2-5) and no complications occurred. After IRT, we obtained a good result in 7/9 patients (79%) and 2 patients required further LT. The mean follow-up was 146 days (range:74-240): during this period no laser treatment was performed. Four patients complained of acute perineal pain and tenesmus after brachytherapy: in one patient, a colostomy was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We deem that the administration of two fractions of 10 Gy is not advisable, particularly for the treatment of non-circumferential lesions, due to the severe side effects we observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picasso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orsatti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camoriano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giudici
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aste
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D009354:Neodymium; D010166:Palliative Care; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D009354:Neodymium; D015019:Yttrium