title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: what cost to cheat death?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the various outcomes from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the factors that influence these outcomes, the costs associated with CPR, and the application of cost-analyses to CPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data used to prepare this article were drawn from published articles and work in progress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were selected for their relevance to the subjects of CPR and cost-analysis by MEDLINE keyword search.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors extracted all applicable data from the English literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cost-analysis studies of CPR programs are limited by the high variation in resources consumed and attribution of cost to these resources. Furthermore, cost projections have not been adjusted to reflect patient-dependent variation in outcome. Variation in the patient's underlying condition, presenting cardiac rhythm, time to provision of definitive CPR, and effective perfusion all influence final outcome and, consequently, influence the cost-effectiveness of CPR programs. Based on cost data from previous studies, preliminary estimates of the cost-effectiveness of CPR programs for all 6-month survivors of a large international multicenter collaborative trial are $406,605.00 per life saved (range $344,314.00 to $966,759.00), and $225,892.00 per quality-adjusted-life-year (range $191,286.00 to $537,088.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported outcome from CPR has varied from reasonable rates of good recovery, including return to full employment to 100% mortality. Appropriate CPR is encouraged, but continued widespread application appears extremely expensive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Abramson
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome