title: CT-guided interstitial implantation of gynecologic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-based planning and analysis of transperineal implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  For patients with bulky disease or geometrically unfavorable anatomy, transperineal interstitial implantation of gynecologic tumors offers an alternative to standard intracavitary techniques. Control of dose rate and total dose distributions to produce a homogenous, low dose rate implant presents a challenge to the radiation oncologist in these complex implants, as does the relationship of these distributions to the patients's anatomy. We have used CT imaging following needle implantation, prior to source loading, in 25 patients (28 implants), as an aid in both the planning of the implant and the analysis of the dosimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spatial relationship between the needles and the normal anatomy can be clearly defined, despite the presence of some artifacts. Tumor volume is less clearly visualized but the adequacy of needle placement can be assessed and adjusted if necessary. Modifications of the planned source placement, based upon the location of specific needles and critical structures, can be made prior to loading the patient. Dose rate and total dose distributions are displayed with the appropriate anatomy on axial images and on reconstructed sagittal and coronal planes. Multiple points of dose specification for the rectum and the bladder are easily defined. Dose rate adjustment can be made by selectively changing the activity associated with a particular needle or needles. Multiple implants as well as external beam irradiation can also be integrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT-based dosimetry has permitted intelligent planning decisions to be made prior to and during these implants. It has further allowed more accurate anatomically based dosimetric analysis, with visualization and control of dose rate and total dose distributions displayed together with the patient's anatomy. This more elaborate analysis should ultimately lead to a better understanding of the reasons for local control and complications and their relationships to dose rate, total dose, and volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gillin
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed