title: Importance of the proline residue to the functional activity and metabolic stability of the nematode FMRFamide-related peptide, KPNFIRFamide (PF4).
abstract: PF4 has previously been shown to have potent inhibitory effects on myoactivity of somatic muscle strips from the nematode. Ascaris suum. This study examined the bioactivity and metabolic stability of position 2- and position 5-modified analogues of PF4. Although the analogues [Leu5]PF4,[Ala2]PF4, [Gly2]PF4, [Ala2,Leu5]PF4, and [Gly2,Leu5]PF4 all had qualitatively similar inhibitory effects on A. suum somatic muscle strips, their effects were quantitatively distinguishable and had the order of potency: PF4 = [Leu5]PF4 > > [Ala2]PF4 = [Ala2,Leu5]PF4 > > [Gly2]PF4 = [Gly2,Leu5]PF4, Leu5 for Ile5 substitutions in PF4 did not alter the activity of this peptide: however, Gly2/Ala2 for Pro2 substitutions reduced, but did not abolish, peptide activity. Peptide stability studies revealed that [Gly2]PF4(2-7) and -(3-7) and [Ala2]PF4(2-7), -(3-7), and -(4-7) fragments were generated following exposure to A. suum somatic muscle strips. However, the parent peptide (PF4) was not metabolized and appeared to be resistant to the sequential cleavages of native aminopeptidases. Observed analogue metabolism appeared to be due to the activity of released aminopeptidases as identical fragments were generated by incubation in medium that had been exposed to somatic muscle strips and from which the strips had been removed prior to peptide addition. It was found that the muscle stretching and bath mixing characteristics of the tension assay led to more effective release of soluble enzymes from muscle strips and thus greater peptide degradation. These studies reveal that Pro2 in PF4 is not essential for the biological activity of this peptide; however, it does render the peptide resistant to the actions of native nematode aminopeptidases.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Discovery Research, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalmazoo, MI 49001, USA. teresa.m.kubiak@am.pnu.com
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kubiak
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wiest
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017165:Ascaris suum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004355:Drug Stability; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C093065:KPNFIRFamide; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011392:Proline