title: A mutation in the interferon-gamma-receptor gene and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic differences in immune responses may affect susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, but no specific genes have been implicated in humans. We studied four children who had an unexplained genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and who appeared to have inherited the same recessive mutation from a common ancestor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used microsatellite analysis, immunofluorescence studies, and sequence analysis to study the affected patients, unaffected family members, and normal controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A genome search using microsatellite markers identified a region on chromosome 6q in which the affected children were all homozygous for eight markers. The gene for interferon-gamma receptor 1 maps to this region. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the receptor was absent on leukocytes from the affected children. Sequence analysis of complementary DNA for the gene for interferon-gamma receptor 1 revealed a point mutation at nucleotide 395 that introduces a stop codon and results in a truncated protein that lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four children with severe mycobacterial infections had a mutation in the gene for interferon-gamma receptor 1 that leads to the absence of receptors on cell surfaces and a functional defect in the up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha by macrophages in response to interferon-gamma. The interferon-gamma pathway is important in the response to intracellular pathogens such as mycobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Newport
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Huxley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huston
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hawrylowicz
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oostra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000096743:Interferon gamma Receptor
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000096743:Interferon gamma Receptor