title: A Purkinje cell protein-2 intronic thyroid hormone response element binds developmentally regulated thyroid hormone receptor-nuclear protein complexes.
abstract: Two thyroid hormone response elements (TREs), designated A1 TRE (-295/-268) and B1 TRE (+207/+227), have been identified within the Purkinje cell-expressed Pcp-2 gene. Previous studies have characterized the A1 TRE (Zou et al., 1994). This article analyzes the structural and functional characteristics of the intronic B1 TRE. The B1 sequence contains four overlapping TRE half-sites. The 3' DR4 motif, consisting of the second and forth half-sites, is responsible for the T3 induction observed with the B1 sequence. Gel-shift analysis reveals developmentally regulated complexes that are abundant in the fetus and at birth and then fall precipitously in the neonate bind to B1. The observed time-course of these complexes varies inversely with the rise in Pcp-2 expression, thus raising the possibility that the complexes may represent inhibitory factors. Supershift analysis indicates that endogenous TR alpha 1 is present in the fetal nuclear protein complexes that bind to B1. Competition analysis also indicates the second B1 TRE half-site is important in binding the TR alpha 1-TRAP complexes. These studies suggest that the B1 sequence may bind potential TR alpha 1-TRAP repressor complexes in the fetus, whereas in the neonate, these TRE sites may be involved in the activation of Pcp-2 by binding other TR-TRAP-activating complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Strait
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006224:Cricetinae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005333:Fetus; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007438:Introns; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D009479:Neuropeptides; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C104971:Pcp2 protein, mouse; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase