title: Cardiac pacing following surgery for acquired heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is comprised of 3493 consecutive patients who underwent open heart surgery at our institution. Data on all patients were collected prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 45 patients (Group P) (1.3%), a permanent pacemaker (PP) was inserted postoperatively. For the purpose of the study, these patients were compared to 3448 patients (Group NP) who did not require insertion of a PP after surgery. Mean follow-up was 33 months (range 1.5 to 66).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found Group P patients were older (64.8 +/- 11.0 vs 61.0 +/- 11.0 years, p < 0.05), had a higher proportion of elderly (> 70 years) 36% vs 19%, p = 0.01), and of female patients (48.8% vs 22.7%, p < 0.001) compared to Group NP. Group P also had a higher incidence of preoperative rhythm abnormalities (26.6% vs 5.7%, p < 0.0001), redo surgery (13.3% vs 4.6%, p = 0.02), aortic valve surgery (48.8% vs 10.8%, p < 0.001), and tricuspid valve surgery (repair 3, replacement 1) (8.8% vs 0.5%, p < 0.001), in addition to a higher proportion of patients in whom cold (vs warm) blood cardioplegia was used (68.8% vs 52.3%, p = 0.03). Indication for postoperative PP was sick sinus syndrome (SSS) in nine patients; atrial fibrillation in eight patients; atrioventricular block (AVB) in 27 patients; and combined AVB/SSS in 1 patient. There were no operative deaths in Group P. Necessity for PP after heart surgery had a significant impact on resource utilization resulting in prolonged ventilation (3.1 +/- 7.5 vs 1.4 +/- 3.3 days, p < 0.01), intensive care unit (5.1 +/- 10.2 vs 2.5 +/- 4.0 days, p < 0.01), and postoperative hospital stay (18.0 +/- 13.4 vs 8.1 +/- 9.4 days, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio and p value in parentheses), aortic valve surgery (8.23, p = 0.001), the absence of preoperative sinus rhythm (5.60, p = 0.001), postoperative myocardial infarction (3.46, p = 0.024), and female gender (2.52, p = 0.003), were found to be independent predictors for PP requirement post surgery.
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Del Rizzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sever
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate