title: Targeted hyperthermia using dextran magnetite complex: a new treatment modality for liver tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dextran magnetite complex (DM) is a colloidal suspension of subdomain magnetite particles ('magnetic fluid'). It has been reported that DM generates a great amount of heat in an AC magnetic field.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study on Japanese white rabbits, a new treatment modality for liver tumors was examined in which the tumor is selectively heated with an intravascularly administered DM-containing embolic material followed by external application of an AC magnetic field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heat generation of DM in vitro was found to be more than 3-fold greater than that with magnetite particles of 40-micron diameter. As a DM-containing embolic material, we developed a DM/Lipiodol emulsion. When DM/Lipiodol emulsion was injected into the hepatic arteries of the rabbits following VX2 tumor transplantation into the liver, embolization of the artery and selective heating of the embolized liver were successfully attained following exposure to a 100-kHz AC magnetic field of approximately 15000 A/m. Histological examination of the embolized liver disclosed that DM had accumulated in the hypervascular, viable part of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the potential feasibility of using a DM-containing embolic material for targeted hyperthermia of liver tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagae
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebisawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008280:Magnetics; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D010087:Oxides; D007459:Iodized Oil; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide