title: Quantitative assessment of procedural competence. A prospective study of training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technically demanding procedure that can cause substantial complications. Competence in performing ERCP and the learning curve for achieving competence are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the number of supervised ERCPs that physicians must do to achieve procedural competence. Competence was defined as a 0.8 probability of successfully completing specific technical components of ERCP and an overall grading of competence as judged by the attending physician.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University training program for gastroenterologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 gastroenterology fellows at various stages of training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experienced therapeutic endoscopists prospectively graded gastroenterology fellows during 1796 consecutive ERCPs. Fellows were graded on their overall level of competence for the procedure and on specific technical components of ERCP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grading data were available for 1450 ERCPs (81%). The number of ERCPs done before adequate skill was achieved was 160 for cholangiography, 140 for pancreatography, 160 for deep cannulation of the pancreatic duct, 120 for stone extraction, and 60 for stent insertion. Fellows achieved overall competence after completing 180 to 200 ERCPs. The predicted probability of overall competence was 0.8 after 137 ERCPs and 0.9 after 185 ERCPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At least 180 ERCPs were required before these gastroenterology fellows could be considered competent in ERCP. This number is much greater than that previously recommended, and these findings have substantial implications for training guidelines and issues of competence and certification in ERCP. The methods used to define and evaluate competence in ERCP could also be used to assess competence in other medical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jowell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Affronti
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Bute
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies