[Risk factors in osteoporosis: clinical and epidemiologic evidence].
The mechanisms of bone loss involve a predominance of osteodestructive cell activity over bone repair. Age and gender are the most significant biological risk factors; perimenopausal women constitute the most susceptible population group. Hormone-related phenomena, such as pregnancies and lactational performance, as well as heredity and ethnic origin, are also associated with osteoporosis. Alcohol and caffeine have been linked with progressive bone demineralization. A reduced body mass increases the probability of fractures. Dietary factors, such as adequate intakes of calcium, phosphates, and vitamin D, exert a protective action while the effect of fluoride and dietary fiber is still controversial. A constant physical activity promotes an appropriate development and maintenance of bone mass and architecture.
Parra-Cabrera
M S
MS
Departamento de Transición Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor.
Hernández-Avila
M
M
Tamayo Orozco
J A
JA
Fernández Ortega
M C
MC
Meneses
F
F
D015992:Body Mass Index; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology; D017584:Reproductive History; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004044:Dietary Proteins
Factores de riesgo en la osteoporosis: evidencias clínicas y epidemiológicas.