title: Association of chlamydial infection with cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggest an association of coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. We investigated the frequency of chlamydial seropositivity and specific circulating immune complexes in patients with recent cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific antibodies to C pneumoniae in serum were measured by the microimmunofluorescence test in 58 consecutive patients (aged 18 to 50 years) with ischemic infarction (n = 39) or transient ischemic attacks (n = 19) and in 52 hospital control subjects without vascular disease, matched for sex, age, time, and locality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients (46.6%) and 12 control subjects (23.1%) had raised IgA titers > or = 1:16 (P = .018). IgG titers > or = 1:32 were measured in 74.1% of the patients and 77% of control subjects (P = .623). Specific IgG antibodies in circulating immune complexes, which were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation, were elevated > or = 1:8 in 24.1% of the patients and 7.7% of control subjects (P = .047). With the use of a conditional logistic regression model, the odds ratios were 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 2.58) for elevated IgA titers, 1.91 (95% CI, 1.06 to 3.47) for the presence of immune complexes, and 1.96 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.82) for the presence of both factors. After adjustment for the vascular risk factors hypertension, age, sex, and migraine, the odds ratios were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.70), 2.00 (95% CI, 1.07 to 3.76), and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.09 to 4.41), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that chronic infection with C pneumoniae is associated with an increased risk of stroke and transient ischemic events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Städtisches Krankenhaus München-Harlaching, Germany.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandmann-Strupp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saikku
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Haberl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial