title: Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and its binding proteins 1 and 3 in last trimester intrauterine growth retardation with increased pulsatility index in the umbilical artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interrelationships between maternal hormone levels and placental dysfunction in mothers bearing children with intrauterine growth retardation remain unclear. We have examined some endocrinological aspects of intrauterine growth retardation and, in particular, tested whether low levels of GH and IGF-I in maternal serum are associated with direct evidence of placental dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, descriptive and comparative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with singleton pregnancies: 48 with a small for gestation fetus (SGA) (estimated fetal weight less than -1.5 standard deviation scores) and 28 with an appropriate for gestation fetus (AGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal serum GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and 3 were determined, and fetal weight and umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) was estimated by ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasound at 33 weeks gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IGF-I was lower in the SGA group (246 vs 297 micrograms/l, P = 0.03) but GH and IGFBP-1 and -3 did not differ between the groups. In the 16 SGA pregnancies with increased PI, IGF-I concentration was low (218 micrograms/l, quartiles 149-265), whereas in the 32 with normal PI, IGF-I was 269 micrograms/l, quartiles 219-382. Serum IGFBP-1 was increased in the high PI group compared to the normal PI group (161 micrograms/l vs 113, P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal serum IGF-I concentration was lower in small for gestational age pregnancies with increased pulsatility of the umbilical artery blood flow, compared to small for gestational age pregnancies with normal umbilical blood flow, which in turn was close to the IGF-I concentration in appropriate for gestational age pregnancies. Growth hormone concentrations did not differ among the groups.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Obstetrical Ultrasound, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juul
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greisen
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone