title: Pictorial superiority during verbal learning tasks in moderate to severe closed head injury: additional evidence.
abstract: Evidence for picture superiority in verbal learning following moderate to severe closed head injury (CHI) was found in a study involving 31 participants with CHI and 31 noninjured participants. A multitrial free-recall paradigm was implemented incorporating three modalities: Auditory, visual, and simultaneous auditory plus visual. Participants with moderate to severe CHI learned fewer words and at a slower rate than the noninjured participants. The visual presentation of objects (with or without the simultaneous auditory presentation of names) resulted in better learning than the auditory presentation alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, Miami University, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Constantinidou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neils
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011897:Random Allocation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014796:Visual Perception