title: Activation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by suramin and suramin analogs.
abstract: Ca2+ release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is activated by adenine nucleotides and suramin. Because suramin is known to interact with ATP-binding enzymes and ATP receptors (P2-purinergic receptors), the stimulation by suramin has been postulated to occur via the adenine nucleotide-binding site of the ryanodine receptor/Ca2+-release channel. We tested this hypothesis using suramin and the following suramin analogs: NF037, NF018, NF023, and NF007. The suramin analogs stimulate the binding of [3H]ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes with the following rank order of potency: suramin (EC50 = approximately 60 microM) > NF037 (EC50 = approximately 150 microM) > NF018 > NF023 > NF007. The suramin-induced stimulation occurs via a myoplasmic binding site on the ryanodine receptor as confirmed by binding experiments and single-channel recordings with the purified protein. This binding site is different than that for ATP, a conclusion that is supported by the following observations: (i) Suramin stimulates the association rate and inhibits the dissociation rate of [3H]ryanodine, whereas ATP analogs increase only the on-rate. (ii) In the presence of suramin but not of ATP analogs, [3H]ryanodine binding is resistant to the inhibitory effect of millimolar Mg2+ and Ca2+. (iii) ATP analogs and suramin have an additive effect on [3H]ryanodine binding. (iv) Affinity labeling of the purified ryanodine receptor with 2',3'-dialdehyde [alpha-32P]ATP or after in situ oxidation of [gamma-32P]ATP is not affected by suramin. Thus, our results show that suramin acts as a direct and potent stimulator of the ryanodine receptor but that this action is mediated via a binding site different from that for adenine nucleotides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Austria. martin.hohenegger@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohenegger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matyash
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poussu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrmann-Frank
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarközi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lehmann-Horn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freissmuth
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000345:Affinity Labels; D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013498:Suramin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014316:Tritium; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000345:Affinity Labels; D015220:Calcium Channels; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C105374:NF023; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D014316:Tritium; D012433:Ryanodine; D013498:Suramin