title: DNA vaccines, cyberspace and self-help programs.
abstract: Occasionally, a major change in vaccine methodology comes along. Such would appear to be the case with the advent of DNA-mediated immunization, colloquially known as DNA vaccines. This represents a radical new way to deliver antigens; it involves the direct introduction of a plasmid DNA encoding an antigenic protein which is then expressed within cells of the organism. This leads to surprisingly strong immune responses, involving both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system. DNA-mediated immunization to a single antigen can provide protection against infection by a pathogen. Here, a guide is provided comprising twelve steps to help design and carry out DNA-mediated immunization. This approach to immunization will greatly facilitate studies of immunophysiological responses to antigens of pathogenic organisms. An Internet site (URL: http:@www.genweb.com/Dnavax/dnav ax.html) has been created to help promote this potentially revolutionary approach to vaccination in the service of public health.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Collège de France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000939:Epitopes; D005796:Genes; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D010957:Plasmids; D011634:Public Health; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000939:Epitopes; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D019444:Vaccines, DNA