title: Prevalence and disease association of hepatitis G virus infection in Japan.
abstract: A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction procedure (RT-PCR) for the detection of hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA was used to examine the prevalence of HGV infection and HGV-related disease in Japan. Among 48 patients with acute non-A, B, C, D, E (non-A-E) hepatitis (five transfusion-associated cases and 43 sporadic cases), only one patient (2%), a transfusion recipient, was HGV RNA positive. Similarly, among 50 patients with established chronic non-A-E hepatitis, only two (4%) were positive for HGV RNA. These frequencies were not significantly different from those in 129 voluntary blood donors (0.8%). By contrast, HGV infection was relatively common among patients who were also infected with other hepatitis viruses. HGV co-infection or superinfection was found in seven of 53 (13%) patients with acute hepatitis C, in 15 of 126 (12%) patients with chronic hepatitis C, in three of 21 (14%) patients with acute hepatitis B and in four of 81 (5%) patients with chronic hepatitis B. Among the 29 dually infected patients, 15 (52%) had a history of blood transfusion. HGV was also detected in seven (10%) of 69 haemodialysis patients, of whom only one had a dual infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and an elevated aminotransferase level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HGV RNA was found in only a low percentage of patients with either acute or chronic non-A-E hepatitis: HGV appears to co-infect or superinfect in 10-15% of HCV infections and in 5-15% of HBV infections; the prevalence of HGV infection (0.8%) among voluntary blood donors in Japan is similar to that for HCV infection; a history of blood transfusion was obtained in 22 (55%) of the total 40 HGV-positive subjects; and isolated HGV infection appears to have a low disease burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiyosawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wages
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Alter
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral