title: Nonendoscopic antegrade percutaneous gastrostomy: the effect of preplacement gastric insufflation on tube position and intra-abdominal anatomy.
abstract: Nonendoscopic tube gastrostomy was performed on 47 anesthetized dogs using the technique of Fulton and Dennis with or without gastric insufflation prior to tube placement. Immediately after tube placement, dogs were euthanized and postmortem examinations performed. When gastric insufflation was not performed (group I), gastrostomy tubes penetrated the visceral surface of the stomach in 25% of dogs. The deep leaf of the omentum was interposed between stomach and body wall in the majority of these dogs, exposing other intra-abdominal organs to potential injury. Additionally, displacement and tethering of the spleen cranial to the gastrostomy site were observed in 33% of dogs in group I. Similar results were obtained when preplacement gastric insufflation was performed after the orogastric tube was inserted sufficiently far to displace the stomach laterally against the body wall (group II). In contrast, consistent positioning of gastrostomy tubes through the parietal surface of the stomach was achieved when the stomach was insufflated prior to lateralizing the left abdominal wall with the gastric end of the orogastric tube (group III). It was concluded that the blind percutaneous gastrostomy technique is made safer by insufflating the stomach immediately prior to pushing the gastric wall laterally into contact with the parietal peritoneum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kyles
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007327:Insufflation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*