title: Effect of aromatic amino acid substitutions in the 3-position of cyclic beta-casomorphin analogues on mu-opioid agonist/delta-opioid antagonist properties.
abstract: The beta-casomorphin-5 analog H-Tyr-c[-D-Orn-2-Nal-D-Pro-Gly-] (2-Nal = 2-naphthylalanine) was the first reported cyclic opioid peptide with mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist properties [R. Schmidt et al. (1994) J. Med. Chem. 37, 1136-1144]. The 2-Nal3 residue in this peptide was replaced with benzothienylalanine (Bta) (3), His(Bzl) (4), Tyr(Bzl) (5), 4'-benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa) (6), 4'-benzylphenylalanine (Bzp) (7), thyronine (Thy) (8), thyroxine (Thx) (9), 4'-biphenylalanine (Bip) (10), 4'-biphenylglycine (Bpg) (12) and 3,3-diphenylalanine (Dip) (14), and the in vitro opioid activity profiles of the resulting compounds were determined in mu and delta receptor-representative binding assays and bioassays. Analogues 3, 12 and 14 were full agonists in the mu receptor-representative guinea-pig ileum (GPI) assay and also were agonists in the delta receptor-representative mouse vas deferens (MVD) assay. The agonist effects of the latter compounds in the MVD assay were antagonized by the highly selective delta antagonist H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH (TIPP), indicating that they were triggered by delta receptor activation. The Bzp3- and Bip3- containing peptides 7 and 10 turned out to be mu antagonists against the mu selective agonist H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Phe-NH2 in the GPI assay. The other analogues were weak partial mu agonists which displayed remarkably decreased mu receptor affinity as compared to parent peptide 1. Compounds 4-10 were found to be delta antagonists in the MVD assay. Analogues 4 and 9 exhibited delta antagonist potency similar to that of parent peptide 1, while compounds 5-8 and 10 showed 3-12-fold higher delta antagonist potency against DPDPE and deltorphin I and, in most cases, increased delta receptor affinity. These results indicate that the delta receptor tolerates bulky aromatic side chains in the 3-position of cyclic beta-casomorphin analogs with either delta agonist or delta antagonist properties. However, these compounds displayed drastically reduced mu receptor affinity in nearly all cases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Schiller
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004723:Endorphins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004723:Endorphins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C021968:beta-casomorphins