title: Mechanism of action of NIM-76: a novel vaginal contraceptive from neem oil.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of spermicidal action of NIM-76, a fraction isolated from neem oil. The spermicidal activity of NIM-76 was confirmed using a fluorescent staining technique. NIM-76 was found to affect the motility of the sperm in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation of pentoxifylline, which is known to enhance the motility of the sperm, could not prevent the spermicidal action of NIM-76. There was a gradual leakage of cytosolic LDH from the sperm in the presence of NIM-76. Electron microscopic studies revealed the formation of pores and vesicles over the sperm head, indicating the damage to the cell membrane. Membrane fluidization studies did not reveal any significant change in the fluidity of sperm cell membrane structure.
authors.affiliation: Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: SaiRam
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ilavazhagan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Devendra
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shivaji
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Selvamurthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005989:Glycerides; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D013729:Terpenes; C002443:neem oil; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D002118:Calcium