title: Ca2+ influx does more than provide releasable Ca2+ to maintain repetitive spiking in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: We investigated why oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in endothelial cells challenged by sub-maximal histamine run down in Ca(2+)-free medium despite stores retaining most of their Ca2+. One explantation is that only a small subpopulation of the Ca2+ stores oscillate and are completely emptied of Ca2+. To investigate if influx refills an empty store subpopulation, we differentiated between cations entering the cell and those released from internal stores by using extracellular Sr2+ as a Ca2+ surrogate; we distinguished between [Sr2+]i and [Ca2+]i by using the larger effect of Sr2+ on fura 2 fluorescence at 360 nm (F360). Ca2+ was still available for release when oscillations had run down since oscillations promptly reappeared on addition of Sr2+o and these were predominantly of Ca2+ (indicated by F360 changes). Also, totally depleting Ca2+ stores inhibited Sr(2+)-induced oscillations, suggesting that Sr2+ entry leads to Ca2+ release. In contrast, Ba2+o was unable to stimulate oscillations. Finally, oscillations generated by photolytic release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) analogues were similarly sensitive to extracellular Ca2+ and Sr2+. We conclude that stores (or a sub-population) are not completely depleted of Ca2+ when oscillations run down in Ca(2+)-free medium. Bivalent cation entry therefore maintains sensitivity to IP3, possibly by maintaining luminal bivalent cation levels.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Research Centre, King's College London, U.K.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D009991:Oscillometry; D010782:Photolysis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013324:Strontium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C506926:ITPR1 protein, human; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C071336:calcium green; D015759:Ionomycin; D006632:Histamine; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium