title: Protein kinase C tissue localization in human colonic tumors suggests a role for adenoma growth control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated as a mediator of growth control during colorectal carcinogenesis, but the mechanisms involved are still a matter of dispute. The aim of this study was to analyze PKC patterns and tissue distribution to gain further insight in PKC function during tumor development in the gut.
  
  
  METHODS
  PKC isoenzymes alpha, beta 1, beta 2, delta, and eta and the proliferation antigen Ki67 were analyzed in formalin-fixed normal, premalignant, and malignant specimens using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal colonic mucosa, protein levels of all PKC isoenzymes followed an increasing gradient from the bottom to the top of the crypt, staining mainly terminally differentiated, resting cells. Atypical crypts observed in the normal mucosa adjacent to tumors expressed higher levels of Ca(2+)-dependent isoenzymes than the surrounding tissue. In tumors, the number and abundance of PKC isoenzymes was inversely related to proliferation in 7 adenomas and 9 carcinomas. Areas containing PKC-beta 1 as the only isoenzyme had the highest proliferation rates (50%-82% Ki67-positive cells).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest a function of PKCs, especially PKC-beta 1, in colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor growth control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tumor Biology-Cancer Research, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kahl-Rainer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sedivy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marian
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C