title: Neurosteroids modulate the reaction of astroglia to high extracellular potassium levels.
abstract: The extracellular concentration of potassium ([K+]o) in brain tissue is modified by neuronal activity and is increased under several pathological conditions. The influence of neurosteroids on the astroglia response to high [K+]o was assessed on cultured slices from rat hippocampus. Exposure to [K+]o above physiological (3 mM) levels resulted in the progressive appearance of cell processes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The maximal effect was observed at 50 mM [K+]o, and further increases of [K+]o did not increase the extension of GFAP-immunoreactive processes. The effect was observed as early as 10 min after increasing [K+]o, was independent of new protein synthesis, and was reversible, reaching control conditions by 15 h after resetting [K+]o to physiological levels. Gonadal hormones and neurosteroids had prominent and variable effects on the stimulatory influence of high [K+]o on astroglia morphology. At physiological [K+]o, 17beta-estradiol and pregnenolone, as well as its sulfate derivative, increased the extension of GFAP-immunoreactive processes. However, at high [K+]o, testosterone, pregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate derivative decreased the extension of GFAP-immunoreactive processes. Effects of gonadal hormones and neurosteroids were blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. These results suggest that non-genomic effects of high [K+]o on glial cells interact with genomic effects of steroids to modulate astroglia morphology.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Cerro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Estrada
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Segura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D013256:Steroids; D011188:Potassium