title: Functional analyses of the stratum corneum in scars. Sequential studies after injury and comparison among keloids, hypertrophic scars, and atrophic scars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the functional properties of the stratum corneum (SC) of various scars.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two consecutive patients surgically treated for various skin diseases and 26 consecutive patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noninvasive bioengineering measurements of functional properties of the SC, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), high-frequency conductance, and SC turnover time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SC barrier function assessed by TEWL was found to be a better parameter for the functional evaluation of scars than the hydration state of the skin surface measured by high-frequency conductometry. In general, the SC on the scars of deeper wounds in the dermis took longer to normalize functionally than the SC on the scars of superficial wounds, especially on the high compared with the abdomen. Thus, elevated levels of TEWL observed on scars at the donor sites of split-thickness grafts normalized between 200 and 400 days in contrast to fewer than 50 days for those of subepidermal erosions. Both TEWL and high-frequency conductance remained high in hypertrophic scars and keloids, and the SC involved showed a faster turnover time than that of adjacent normal skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scars, a proliferative change of the dermis, can be objectively evaluated according to functional abnormalities of the SC, because the dermis has a close relationship with the epidermis and with the SC. The functional characteristics of the SC of fresh scars and those of hypertrophic scars and keloids resemble those of retinoid-treated skin, rather than those found in epidermal hyperproliferative conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suetake
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004817:Epidermis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007627:Keloid / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D013848:Thigh; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology