title: Cocaine or phenylephrine/lignocaine for nasal fibreoptic intubation?
abstract: In order to assess if a mixture of phenylephrine/lignocaine is as effective as cocaine for local analgesia and vasoconstriction during nasal fibreoptic intubation, 99 patients receiving topical nasal analgesia either with cocaine 10% or a mixture of phenylephrine 1% and lignocaine 4% were studied in a randomized double-blind investigation. After topical analgesia a flexible fibreoptic endoscope was advanced through a nostril. Larynx, glottis and trachea were endoscopically sprayed with lignocaine. Following induction of anaesthesia a nasotracheal tube was inserted fibreoptically. Pain intensity and amount of epistaxis during endoscopy were assessed. Blood pressure, heart rate and ECG-ST segment were determined before and after topical nasal analgesia, after induction of anaesthesia and after nasotracheal intubation. There were no significant differences in pain intensity of epistaxis between groups during endoscopy, nor significant alterations in haemodynamic parameters or ST-segment. It is concluded that the mixture of phenylephrine and lignocaine is a useful alternative to cocaine for local analgesia and vasoconstriction during nasal fibreoptic intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Otter
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jage
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009666:Nose; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D008012:Lidocaine; D003042:Cocaine