title: Systemic lupus erythematosus in males. A study of 107 Latin American patients.
abstract: Clinical and laboratory features were analyzed in 107 Latin American male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were compared with a group of 1,209 Latin American female patients with SLE to determine the presence of gender-associated differences. Males had an increased prevalence of renal disease, vascular thrombosis, and the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies, as well as the use of moderate to high doses of corticosteroids, compared with female SLE patients. Although there was no difference in mortality from all causes, SLE-related mortality was higher in the male group. All these findings are consistent with a more severe disease in Latin American males than in female patients from the same region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drenkard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cardiel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anaya
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alarcon-Segovia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics