title: Evaluation of blue-chitin column, blue-rayon hanging, and XAD-resin column techniques for concentrating mutagens from two Japanese rivers.
abstract: Highly mutagenic water of the Katsura River, Kyoto, and moderately mutagenic water of the Asahi River, Okayama, were used to evaluate the efficacy of three concentration techniques, the blue-chitin column, the blue-rayon hanging, and the XAD-2 column. These two river waters have been shown to exhibit high mutagenicity in the assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with metabolic activation. With this assay as a measure, two water samples from the Katsura, collected on different dates, and a sample from the Asahi were submitted to the column concentration techniques, blue-chitin and XAD-2. Blue-chitin was more efficient than XAD-2 for all of these samples: e.g., for one Katsura sample, the mutagenicity found was 913 +/- 53 (mean +/- SD, n = 3) revertants/500 ml with blue-chitin, and 419 +/- 129 (n = 3)/500 ml with XAD-2. Blue rayon (0.5 g) hung in the Asahi for 24 h gave 563 +/- 74 (n = 3) revertants, while the water spot-sampled at the start of the hanging showed 253 +/- 10 (n = 3) revertants per 5 liter with the blue-chitin column technique. We conclude that for quantitative measurement of the "Salmonella TA98 +/- S9' mutagens in these rivers, the blue-chitin column is more efficient and accurate than the XAD-2 column and that for judging the presence of mutagens, the blue-rayon hanging is the most sensitive and convenient among the three methods examined.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayatsu
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002686:Chitin; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D007211:Indoles; D007564:Japan; D009153:Mutagens / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009153:Mutagens; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011137:Polystyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C079284:blue rayon; D002686:Chitin; D002482:Cellulose; C003771:Amberlite XAD-2 resin