Anti-idiotypic T cells in early stages of myasthenia gravis: increase in the number and prevalence correlated to clinical improvement in patients.
An idiotypic network involving T and B cells bearing complementary structures has been suggested to be important for the regulation of immune response in healthy and disease situations. A previous study by the authors has demonstrated the presence of a relatively higher concentration of anti-idiotypic antibodies than of idiotypic in early myasthenia gravis (MG), suggesting that the development of an anti-idiotypic immunity is important in early MG. The present study was conducted to examine the cellular components of the idiotypic network in the same situation. T and B cells reactive to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or to a disease-related idiotype and to an anti-idiotype were analysed in seven patients with early MG at various times after the start of the disease. The results show that a significant increase in the number of idiotype-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting T cells and a shift from AChR-reactive to idiotype- and/or anti-idiotype-reactive T cells in the patients at 6 month follow-up were noted. Such changes seem to correlate to a clinical improvement in the patients. The enhanced anti-idiotypic T-cell response and the clinical improvement in the patients may speak in favour of a role for the anti-idiotypic immunity in controlling the autoimmune response in MG, i.e., down-regulating autoantibody-producing B cells and idiotypic (AChR-specific) T cells. Thus, an immune intervention towards the enhancement of the anti-idiotypic immunity in patients might be a rewarding approach. Further studies with regard to cell interactions and immune regulations in the network are warranted.
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Immunological Research Laboratory, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pirskanen
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Lefvert
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000276:immunology*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic