title: Hepatotoxicity of 1,3,5-trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole derived from nitrosation of Maillard reaction product in BALB/C mouse.
abstract: 1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to investigate the effects of TNAP on the hepatic toxicity in mouse. Male BALB/C mice were subjected to a dose of 7.2 mg/kg body weight twice a week by i.p. injection for 24 weeks, then followed by a feeding diet for 21 weeks. TNAP-treated mice showed an increase in mortality and time-dependent appearance of lesions in the liver. TNAP is hepatotoxic as demonstrated by a marked increase in the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartic transaminase (AST). TNAP-related lesions observed histologically in mice, included hapatic atrophy, mild fatty metamorphosis with multilocular cysts in the liver. In conclusion, TNAP was considered to be a toxic compound in mice as evidenced by increased incidences of mortality, and lesions of liver.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003560:Cysts / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009026:Mortality; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C089524:1,3,5-trinitro-2-acetylpyrrole; D011758:Pyrroles; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase