title: Regulation of cultured human chorion cell chemokine production by group B streptococci and purified bacterial products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if different strains of group B streptococci (GBS) and purified bacterial products regulate chemokine production by cultured human chorion cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of human chorion cells were established from placentae isolated from normal women at term gestation having repeat cesarean section. Five different strains of heat-killed GBS were incubated with confluent chorion cells at 10(7) bacteria/ml for 16 hours at 37 degrees C. In separate experiments, lipoteichoic acid and sialic acid at various concentrations were incubated with chorion cells for 16 hours at 37 degrees C. Culture supernatants were collected and then assayed to determine concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that GBS stimulated chorion cell production of MIP-1 alpha in a strain-specific fashion. We also found that both lipoteichoic acid and sialic acid stimulated concentration-dependent increases in chorion cell IL-8 production. Chorion cells, however, did not increase MIP-1 alpha production in response to either lipoteichoic acid or sialic acid. Two strains of GBS tested induced concentration-dependent increases in both IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha, but both stimulated IL-8 production to a greater extent. Similarly, IL-1 beta also caused chorion cells to produce more IL-8 than MIP-1 alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are the first to show that GBS and purified bacterial products can stimulate chemokine production by fetal gestational tissues. We suggest that chorion cells may produce specific types of chemokines to attract different types of inflammatory cells and thus may participate in the pathophysiology of infection-mediated preterm labor by directing specific inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dangerfield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Waggoner
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002823:Chorion / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018925:Chemokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins