title: The affective dimension of low-back pain: its influence on the outcome of back school.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Back School is a rehabilitation treatment for back pain that requires patients to understand an educational message and motivate themselves to modify their behavior to prevent relapses. In examining failed cases, the question arose as to whether the failures could be attributed to affective dimensions of pain that could be reducing tolerance to the pain itself and jeopardizing patients' compliance. We studied the role of the affective component of back pain in Back School failures to see whether this component can be used to predict the treatment's negative results and whether it can be conditioned by the treatment itself.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two subjects with low back pain were treated with Back School at our rehabilitation department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation was carried out before Back School treatment and after 2 months, through functional clinical examination and Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (affective and sensory pain indexes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As outcome of the treatment, we considered the modification of spontaneous and evoked pain and the motility of the spine. Unexpectedly, the nonparametric tests did not show a significant correlation between the affective indicators before and after the treatment. As expected, the two dimensions of pain, affective and sensory, are significantly related to each other, both before and after treatment, but this correlation increases after treatment (from r = .50 to r = 88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The initial hypothesis was not proven. These results show that high affective scores before Back School do not influence the success of the treatment and that the Back School itself is able to modify both the sensorial and affective pain descriptors.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Unit, Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonaiuti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fontanella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome