title: Distribution of penicillins into subcutaneous tissue chambers in ponies.
abstract: The distribution of penicillins into a tissue chamber implanted subcutaneously in ponies was studied. Ampicillin sodium (equivalent to 15 mg/kg ampicillin) was administered intravenously. Pivampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, was administered by nasogastric tube to fed ponies at a dose of 19.9 mg/kg (equivalent to 15 mg/kg ampicillin). Procaine penicillin G was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 12 mg/kg (equivalent to 12000 IU/kg). Six ponies were used for each medication. Antibiotic concentrations in plasma and tissue chamber fluid (TCF) were measured for 24 h after administration. Mean peak concentrations of ampicillin in TCF were 7.3 micrograms/mL, reached at 1.7 h, and 1.3 micrograms/mL, reached at 2.7 h, after administration of ampicillin sodium and pivampicillin respectively. The mean peak concentration of penicillin G of 0.3 microgram/mL was reached 12.3 h after administration of procaine penicillin G. Concentrations in TCF remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration of Streptococcus zooepidemicus for the proposed dosing intervals of 8, 12 and 24 h for ampicillin sodium, pivampicillin and procaine penicillin G respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ensink
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barneveld
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vulto
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Van Miert
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tukker
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006736:Horses; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010917:Pivampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D011108:Polymers; D010917:Pivampicillin; D000667:Ampicillin; D010400:Penicillin G