title: Risk factors associated with incisor injury in elementary school children.
abstract: This study examined risk factors associated with incisor injury in 3396 third and fourth grade school children in Alachua County, Florida. One of six orthodontists completed a standardized examination form for each child to assess severity of incisor injury, gender, age, race, skeletal relationships, morphologic malocclusion, incisor exposure, interlabial gap, TMJ sounds, chin trauma, and history of lower facial trauma. One in five (19.2%) exhibited some degree of incisor injury. This was limited to a single tooth in 73.1% of those with injury, while enamel injury predominated (89.4%). The majority of the injuries (75.4%) were localized in the maxillary arch, with central incisors the most frequently traumatized. Chi-square tests of association indicated that gender, race, school, orthodontist, history of lower facial trauma, chin trauma, profile, and maxillary and mandibular horizontal positions were associated with incisor injury (P < 0.05). Wilcoxon rank sum tests identified differences in age, overjet, time of screening, and interlabial gap between those with and without injury (P < 0.05). Results of logistic regression analyses indicated risk of incisor injury was greater for children who had a prognathic maxilla, a history of trauma, were older, were male, and had greater overjet and mandibular anterior spacing.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kania
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McGorray
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000293:injuries; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000293:injuries; D003970:Diastema; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries*; D008046:Lip / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D044465:White People