title: Increased methylphenidate usage for attention deficit disorder in the 1990s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the increased use and the prevalence of methylphenidate (Ritalin) treatment of youth with attention deficit disorder (ADD) during the 1990s.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using time-trend findings from two large population-based data sources, three pharmaceutical databases, and one physician audit, a best-fit estimate of the usage and the usage trends for methylphenidate treatment over the half decade from 1990 through 1995 was sought.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five regions in the United States (US) and the nation as a whole.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youths on record as receiving methylphenidate for ADD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings from regional and national databases indicate that on average, there has been a 2.5-fold increase in the prevalence of methylphenidate treatment of youths with ADD between 1990 and 1995. In all, approximately 2.8% (or 1.5 million) of US youths aged 5 to 18 were receiving this medication in mid-1995. The increase in methylphenidate treatment for ADD appears largely related to an increased duration of treatment; more girls, adolescents, and inattentive youths on the medication; and a recently improved public image of this medication treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The database findings presented serve to correct exaggerated media claims of a 6-fold expansion of methylphenidate treatment, although they do not clarify the issue of the appropriateness of this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Safer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D008774:Methylphenidate