title: Neuromuscular blockade in the management of cerebral palsy.
abstract: Neuromuscular blocking agents-45% alcohol, 4% to 6% aqueous phenol, local anesthetics, and botulinum A toxin-have been used for many years in the evaluation and management of spasticity and movement disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Recent reports suggest that longer-acting neuromuscular blocking agents may impact positively on the natural history of dynamic deformity and improve health-related quality of life. This review includes the mechanism of action, techniques, indications, complications, and clinical outcomes associated with these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1070, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents