title: [Patient-controlled postoperative analgesia in orthopedic surgery: epidural PCA versus intravenous PCA].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate both effectiveness and incidence of side effects of two techniques of postoperative pain treatment: intravenous and epidural PCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective analysis of data from two groups of randomized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthopedic and trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Figty ASA class II-III patients undergoing total hip replacement under combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into 2 groups who received different postoperative pain treatment. One group (group PCA) received a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine 30 mg and ketorolac 90 mg in 100 ml of saline (back-ground infusion 2-4 ml, according to body weith, bolus 1 ml, lockout 5 min, 4 h dose limit 40 ml). PCEA group received a patient-controlled epidural analgesia with morphine 4 mg and bupivacaine 0.125% 100 ml, (background infusion 3-4 ml, according to patient' height, bolus 1 ml, lockout 10 min, 4 h dose limit 25 ml). Postoperative pain intensity was evaluated, through 24 postoperative hours, by a verbal analogue scale (VPS = 0 to 3) and a total pain score (TOTPAR) was calculated for each patient at 6 and 24 postoperative hours. Side effects were recorded and their incidence was obtained for each group. Statistical data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and non-parametric tests for ordinal data. Nominal data were analyzed by chi 2 test. p < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient receiving PCEA showed a significant (p < 0.005) decrease of incident pain, while VPS at rest was similar in the two groups. TOTPAR VPS was lower (p < 0.05) in PCEA group both at 6 and 24 postoperative hours. Somnolence was observed more often in PCA patients (8% vs 2%; p 0.05), while no significant differences were noted among other side effects incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show a better control of postoperative pain arising from total hip replacement during PCEA when compared to PCA. It should be emphasized that incident pain is far more decreased by PCEA, so that this technique is particularly indicated when an early postoperative mobilization is required.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tagariello
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Molino
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Posteraro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossignoli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
vernacular_title: Analgesia postoperatoria controllata dal paziente in chirurgia ortopedica: PCA epidurale versus PCA endovenosa.