title: Valproate metabolites in high-dose valproate plus phenytoin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to determine the relation between liver function, beta-, and omega-, and omega-1-oxidation metabolites and 4-en-valproate (VPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the serum levels of VPA and its metabolites in children and adolescent receiving high-dose VPA plus phenytoin (PHT) therapy using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC/MS/ SIM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In high-dose VPA plus PHT polytherapy, the total VPA serum concentration was distinctly low, the concentrations of total beta-oxidation metabolites were decreased, the percentage values of VPA (percent of VPA) of total beta-oxidation metabolites were increased, and the E-2-en-VPA/3-keto-VPA ratios were decreased, as compared with those in high-dose VPA monotherapy. In high-dose VPA plus PHT polytherapy, 4-en-VPA (microM) was decreased and the concentrations of [omega + (omega-1)]-oxidation metabolites (microM) were decreased as compared with those in high-dose VPA monotherapy. In high-dose VPA plus PHT, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) did not correlate significantly with the ¿beta/omega + (omega-1)¿ metabolites ratio and 4-en-VPA levels, but serum GOT, GPT, and LDH were increased as compared with those in high-dose VPA therapy. We were not able to establish a significant relation between the formation of metabolites of VPA metabolites and liver dysfunction in patients receiving high-dose VPA and PHT concurrently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic levels do not appear to be a reliable predictor of hepatotoxicity in children receiving pharmacological antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University Otokoyama Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase