title: Glucocorticoid deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 18 cases (1986-1995).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize naturally developing glucocorticoid deficiency in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 dogs with glucocorticoid deficiency defined by an inadequate response to stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a normal Na:K ratio (> 27), and no history of receiving corticosteroids for at least 6 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information including signalment, body weight, clinical signs on admission, historical findings, physical examination findings, results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses, results of ACTH stimulation tests and other ancillary endocrine tests, diagnostic imaging findings, findings from other procedures such as endoscopy and surgery, and information on concurrent diseases, management, and outcome were retrieved from the medical records of dogs with glucocorticoid deficiency treated between 1986 and 1995 at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Veterinary Medicine and 2 dogs from private practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most dogs were young (< 7 years) and represented larger breeds (> 20 kg). Clinical signs were nonspecific: lethargy, weight loss, and gastrointestinal disturbances including regurgitation with radiographic evidence of megaesophagus. Hypocholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, and a mild, nonregenerative anemia were common. Ten of the 18 dogs responded well to glucocorticoid supplementation alone, with only 2 dogs developing electrolyte abnormalities. Four (22%) of the dogs died, with death usually occurring as a result of secondary disease processes rather than hypoadrenocorticism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ACTH stimulation test should be considered as part of the diagnostic plan in dogs with signs of weight loss, inappetence, and intermittent vomiting and diarrhea. Glucocorticoid-deficient dogs may not require supplemental mineralocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lifton
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Zerbe
mesh_terms: D000304:Adrenal Cortex Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone