title: Otolaryngologic disease progression in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of otolaryngologic disease in children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to assess the correlation between HIV disease severity and the incidence density of recurrent otitis media (OM) and sinusitis based on the revised 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical-severity index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic, tertiary care children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-five children (73 boys, 72 girls) with vertically acquired HIV infection and 153 (77 boys, 76 girls) children who had maternal exposure to HIV but later were found not to be infected ("seroreverters"), followed up on a regular basis since birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of recurrent OM (3 episodes in 6 months or 4 episodes in 12 months), sinusitis, parotitis, and lymphadenopathy; incidence density of recurrent OM and sinusitis based on the 1994 CDC clinical-severity index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four HIV-infected children (44%) and 13 seroreverters (8.5%) had recurrent OM (P < .001); 29 HIV-infected children (20%) and 1 seroreverter (0.6%) had sinusitis (P < .001). Eight HIV-infected patients developed tympanic membrane perforations and 25 HIV-infected children required otologic surgery. Three HIV-infected patients had parotitis. The incidence density of recurrent OM increased as HIV clinical (P = .001) and immunologic (P = .03) status worsened. In contrast, the incidence density of sinusitis did not significantly correlate with increased HIV disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of recurrent OM and sinusitis is significantly greater in HIV-infected children than in seroreverters. The incidence density of recurrent OM also significantly correlates with disease progression in HIV-infected children as measured by the 1994 CDC clinical-severity index.
authors.affiliation: Bobby R. Alford Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, USA.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ohlms
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kline
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010309:Parotitis / Q000150:complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications