title: Genomic heterogeneity in bladder cancer as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between genomic heterogeneity and tumour grade, stage and DNA content in 30 transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue specimens from 30 patients (25 men and five women) with newly diagnosed TCC of the urinary bladder were examined for genomic heterogeneity using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific DNA probes; the copy number of pericentromeric sequences on chromosomes 7, 9 and 17 was detected within interphase nuclei in contact preparations from the tumour specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aneusomy of chromosomes 7, 9 and 17 was significantly higher in aneuploid than in diploid tumours (P < 0.001). Tumour grade and stage were strongly associated with aneusomy for chromosome 17 (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). The aneusomy of chromosomes 7 and 9 were significantly correlated with increasing tumour stage (P < 0.001), but not with tumour grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the measurement of aneusomy using FISH, especially for chromosome 17, in bladder cancer may offer a new objective and quantitative assay of the biological potential of individual tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokogi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama-Gonda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D015342:DNA Probes; D004171:Diploidy; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes