title: Late cosmetic results of short fractionation for breast conservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The number of fractions of radiation therapy (RT) used after breast conserving surgery varies widely and accounts for a significant proportion of the workload in a modern radiotherapy department. Internationally, 'standard' therapy ranges from 3 to 7 weeks of daily treatment with or without a boost. Short RT schedules have the attraction of reducing workload but raise concern about an increased risk of late effects and poorer cosmetic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized trial, 186 women with T1 or T2, pathologically node-negative breast cancer had cosmetic and various normal tissue effects data collected prospectively. The breast RT prescription was 44 Gy in 16 daily fractions to a tangent pair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up is 6.7 years. Actuarial 5-year breast recurrence was 6%. Overall cosmetic results at 5 years were good or excellent in 89% and 96% as reported by physicians and patients, respectively, and were stable between 2 and 5 years. Breast discomfort, erythema, edema and induration were related to both surgery and RT. At 5 years, 20% had breast discomfort, 18% had induration, 6% had erythema and 3% had some degree of breast edema. Fewer patients had these effects at 5 years than immediately after primary surgery. The presence of induration prior to starting RT was associated with a greater likelihood of breast induration 3 or more years following RT (P = 0.02). Thirteen percent of patients, generally those with large breasts, developed mild inframammary telangiectasia by 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results are comparable to those reported from centers employing more conventional fractionation. Short fractionation produces acceptable cosmetic results for the majority of women if there are no contraindications to RT and in the absence of significant post-operative breast induration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Olivotto
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim-Sing
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bajdik
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Basco
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin