title: Angiotensin II mediates mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: In order to elucidate the signal transduction pathway from external mechanical stress to nuclear gene expression in mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we examined the time course of activation of Raf-1 kinase (Raf-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) and MAP kinases (MAPKs) in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Mechanical stretch transiently activated Raf-1 and MAPKK with a peak at 2 and 5 min after stretch, respectively. In addition, MAPKs were maximally activated at 8 min after stretch. Next, the relationship between stretch-induced hypertrophy and the cardiac reninangiotensin system was investigated. When the stretch-conditioned culture medium was transferred to non-stretched cardiac myocytes, the medium activated MAPK activity slightly but significantly, and the activation was completely blocked by the type I angiotensin II (AngII) receptor antagonist, CV-11974. Moreover, in in vivo studies using spontaneously hypertensive rats, hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy was significantly reduced by treatment with subpressure doses of CV-11974. In addition, CV-11974 reduced the isozymic transition of MHC from VI to V3 and inhibited the accumulation of collagen fibers in the extracellular space of the myocardium. These results suggest that mechanical stress activates the protein kinase cascade of phosphorylation in cardiac myocytes in the order of Raf-1, MAPKK and MAPKs. AngII, which is secreted from stretched myocytes, possibly activates these protein kinases. Moreover, it was shown that CV-11974 causes regression of cardiac hypertrophy and has cardioprotective effects on hypertrophied myocardium in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan yama-tky@umin.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shiojima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000473:pathology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases