title: Pneumococcal colonization in children with sickle cell disease [see comment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this prospective study were to define the Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization rate in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and to determine the serotype and antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with SCD followed at the hospital were sampled for colonization with S. pneumoniae by means of a throat or nasopharyngeal swab on one or two occasions. Patient information was obtained when the specimen was collected. Specimens were isolated on gentamicin-blood agar plates and modified Avery broth. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by a commercially available test (E-test). Isolates were serotyped with the use of type-specific antisera. The relationship between the data noted above and certain clinical parameters was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 490 specimens were obtained from 278 patients. Twenty-eight patients had a culture positive for S. pneumoniae, resulting in an overall colonization rate of 10%. Thirty-three percent (11/33) of all isolates were resistant to penicillin-seven intermediately resistant and four highly resistant. Twelve percent of isolates were also resistant to cefotaxime. Eight different serotypes were identified; all but one are included in the current 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Penicillin prophylaxis did not increase the rate of colonization with resistant strains of pneumococcus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not support a change in the current use of penicillin prophylaxis nor in the acute management of the febrile child with SCD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mahannah
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith-Whitley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohene-Frempong
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McGowan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006450:Hemoglobin SC Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012703:Serotyping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents