title: Eye infections after refractive keratotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular infections are serious and potentially vision-threatening complications of refractive keratotomy. We have performed an integrative review of published literature to address important issues concerning these complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles in MEDLINE and published manuscripts and abstracts reporting previously unpublished cases of infections after refractive keratotomy were systematically identified and reviewed. Our review did not target patients treated with relaxing incisions for postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Pertinent data were abstracted and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three cases (47 episodes: 42 keratitis and 5 endophthalmitis) of infection appeared in 26 published reports from 1975 to 1994. The frequency ranged from 0.25% to 0.70%. In 22 (47%) eyes, infection occurred before 2 weeks. Thirty-five (74%) infections were located in the inferior half of the cornea, and 22 (62%) were located in the inferotemporal quadrant. Thirty-one (66%) infections were bacterial (32% gram-positive, 23% gram-negative, 9% acid fast, 496 unknown), 5% fungal, 6% viral, 19% sterile, and 4% of unknown origin. Spectacle-corrected visual acuity after conservative treatment was 20/40 or better in 70% of eyes. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in six cases. Potential associations included reoperations in 12 (26%) eyes, postoperative contact lens wear in 7 (15%), and intraoperative perforation in 7 (15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The published literature indicates that infections after refractive keratotomy may compromise visual function. Approximately half of the infections occur in the first 2 weeks. Reoperations, postoperative contact lens wear, and intraoperative perforations may be significant risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Azar
mesh_terms: D003261:Contact Lenses; D015817:Eye Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012086:Reoperation; D013997:Time Factors; D014785:Vision, Ocular