title: Repellence of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus by the grass Melinis minutiflora.
abstract: In a study to develop anti-tick pastures, the climbing behaviour of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus on Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) was investigated. Experiments were done with cut green stems of grass, grass dried in the shade, grass dried in sunshine, grass washed in solvent and grass growing in a study plot. In all cases a common pasture grass, Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass), was used as control. All instars of the tick avoided climbing on the green M. minutiflora whereas most larvae, nymphs and adults climbed on the control green P. clandestinum grass. More ticks climbed on the stems dried in the sunshine than on air-dried grass. Acetone was found to be the best of 5 solvents used to extract the tick-repellent substance. Possibilities of using M. minutiflora as part of an integrated tick control package are discussed.
authors.affiliation: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Essuman
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kaaya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nyandat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Munyinyi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kimondo
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000592:standards; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006586:Hexanes / Q000592:standards; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000592:standards; D006109:Poaceae; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013987:Ticks / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D000096:Acetone; D002725:Chloroform; D000432:Methanol