title: Oral hairy leukoplakia in 71 HIV-seropositive patients: clinical symptoms, relation to immunologic status, and prognostic significance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a benign hyperplasia of the oral mucosa that is induced by Epstein-Barr virus. It occurs nearly exclusively in men infected with HIV. OHL is a marker of moderate to advanced immunodeficiency and disease progression in patients with HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to determine the clinical characteristics of OHL in a large group of patients infected with HIV and to analyze its relation to immune status and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 456 patients with HIV-associated skin disorders were evaluated during the years 1982 through 1992. All patients had an oral examination. CD4+ cell counts were obtained within 3 months of the examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OHL was diagnosed in 15.6% of 456 patients. The median age of the patients was 35 years. OHL was found most often on the lateral aspect of the tongue; in one patient the lesion covered the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. Significant immunosuppression was present in the majority of patients at the time of OHL diagnosis (median CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, 235/microliter; median CD4+/CD8+ ratio, 0.3). The median survival time was 20 months in patients with OHL. In patients with a higher CD4 cell count (CD4+ T lymphocyte count, > or = 300/microliter) the diagnosis of OHL was associated with shorter survival times (median survival time, 25 months) compared with other patients with HIV (median survival time, 52 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OHL is a frequent finding in patients with HIV and indicates advanced immunosuppression. Even in patients with more than 300/microliter CD4+ T lymphocytes, OHL is associated with a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Husak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garbe
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Orfanos
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology