title: Release of immunoreactive substance P in the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex evoked by chemical stimulation of the nasal mucosa and the dura mater encephali--a study with antibody microprobes.
abstract: In order to study a possible involvement of substance P in the processing of chemonociceptive input from the nasal mucosa and the dura mater encephali in the spinal trigeminal, the release of immunoreactive substance P was measured in the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex in anaesthetized rats. Microprobes coated with antibody to substance P were inserted into the lateral area of the brain stem up to 1 mm posterior to the obex corresponding to the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. When the nasal mucosa was stimulated by topical administration of mustard oil (1% and 5%) into the nostrils, immunoreactive substance P was mainly detected in the dorsal region of the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex with a maximum in the superficial gray matter. When the dura mater encephali was stimulated by topical administration of Tyrode's solution (pH 6.2), immunoreactive substance P was mainly released in the ventral region of the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex; with pH 5.5 the release was more diffuse extending from the ventral to the dorsal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Release was maximal rather after than during the administration of the stimuli, and it considerably outlasted the stimulation periods. These data suggest that substance P plays an important role in the processing of chemonociceptive inputs from the nasal mucosa and the dura mater encephali in the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex. Substance P may be important, therefore, in the generation of those headaches that are caused by affections of the nasal mucosa and the dura mater encephali. Since enhanced levels of immunoreactive substance P were present for considerable time periods beyond the administration of the stimuli, substance P and neurokinin-1 receptors may be involved in long-lasting neuronal events following noxious stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Physiologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schaible
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebersberger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peppel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messlinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000378:metabolism*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009149:Mustard Plant; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D014278:Trigeminal Nuclei / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; C037692:Tyrode's solution; D013373:Substance P; C027793:mustard oil