title: Gastric mucosal contraction and vascular injury induced by indomethacin precede neutrophil infiltration in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In contrast with earlier reports that neutrophils play a primary part in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) injury to the stomach, recent evidence suggests only a secondary role for these cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether early microscopic changes induced by indomethacin in the gastric corpus of fasted rats and the antrum of fasted-refed rats involve neutrophil infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral indomethacin 30 mg/kg or vehicle was given to six groups of fasted rats that were killed five, 15, and 30 minutes after dosing. Subcutaneous indomethacin 30 mg/kg was also given to six groups of fasted-refed rats that were killed one, two, and four hours later. Haematoxylin and eosin and reticulin stained sections were examined to identify mucosal architectural changes. The gastric mucosa was also examined immunohistochemically for actin, fibrin, and neutrophils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the corpus and antrum, indomethacin caused an early phase of mucosal injury that occurred prior to mucosal neutrophil infiltration. Within the superficial corpus mucosa, this phase preceded coagulative necrosis and included surface epithelial expulsion, mucosal contraction with capillary aggregation and distortion, intravascular vascular fibrin deposition, and capillary congestion. The antrum showed similar early changes except that full thickness mucosal coagulative necrosis was a predominant early finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In two experimental models of NSAID gastric ulceration the mucosa undergoes early contraction, vascular fibrin deposition, and necrosis prior to neutrophil infiltration. These findings support a primary, neutrophil independent, ischaemic pathogenesis for NSAID gastric ulceration.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Histopathology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pounder
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wakefield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D005215:Fasting; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007213:Indomethacin