title: Occupationally related angiosarcoma of the liver in the United Kingdom 1972-1994.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) has been described in vinyl chloride workers worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the UK experience of occupationally related ASL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients who died from ASL after exposure to vinyl chloride.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case records and pathological findings of these 20 patients were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty men in the United Kingdom aged 37 to 71 years have developed ASL in association with occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer VCM in two factories. All had been exposed to VCM for three to 29 years, the tumour developing nine to 35 years after first exposure. Presenting clinical features included abdominal pain, malaise, jaundice, ascites, and massive hepatomegaly. In most cases the disease progressed rapidly, death occurring within a few weeks from hepatic coma. In 17 cases there was no spread outside the liver. In four cases there had been haemorrhage from oesophageal varices due to non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis diagnosed six to 18 years previously. At necropsy the livers of these men showed considerable, often massive, replacement by tumour, apparently multifocal, with necrosis and haemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the long latency between exposure and development of the tumour the full extent of ASL occurrence may not be known until 35 years after the introduction of the Code of Practice in 1975.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Blackpool Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire.
authors.forename: F I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000209:etiology; D006529:Hepatomegaly / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014752:Vinyl Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014752:Vinyl Chloride