title: Endothelin-1-induced contraction of pulmonary arteries from endotoxemic rats is attenuated by the endothelin-A receptor antagonist, BQ123.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sepsis is characterized by systemic vasodilation and hyporesponsiveness to constrictor agents, at a time when the pulmonary circulation exhibits varying degrees of vasoconstriction. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations are increased, but the role of this potent vasoconstrictor peptide in modulating the vascular response to sepsis is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of endothelin-A receptor antagonism in the response of pulmonary arteries from rats treated with lipopolysaccharide to endothelin-1, and determined the vasomotor role of the endothelin-B receptors that are known to be located on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (275 to 300 g).
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were injected with either lipopolysaccharide (20 mg/kg i.p.) or saline (1 mL i.p.) 4 hrs before being killed. The main pulmonary arteries were cut into 2-mm rings, and suspended in an organ bath. In the first set of experiments, half of the rings underwent a procedure that removed the endothelium, and the contractile response to cumulative doses of endothelin-1 (10(-11) to 10(-6) M) was measured. Half of the rings were pretreated with the endothelin-A receptor antagonist, BQ123 (10(-5) M or 10(-6) M), and the other half of the rings were treated with vehicle. In a separate group of experiments, the contractile response to cumulative concentrations of the selective endothelin-B agonist, sarafotoxin S6c (10(-11) to 10(-6) M), was measured in rings at baseline tension. Second, the possible dilator effect of endothelin-B receptor activation was tested by the administration of sarafotoxin S6c (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) to rings preconstricted by 10(-6) M of U46619, a thromboxane receptor agonist, either in the presence or absence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methylester (10(-4) M). Acetylcholine-induced (10(-4) M), endothelium-dependent vasodilation was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BQ123 (10(-5) or 10(-6) M) caused consecutive rightward shifts in the endothelin-1 concentration-contraction curves for all ring types, including the intact rings from endotoxemic animals. Sarafotoxin S6c failed to induce any direct constriction in rings from sham-treated or lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. However, sarafotoxin S6c induced transient vasodilation at the initial dose in rings from sham-treated rats but not lipopolysaccharide-treated rats-an effect that was attenuated by N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methylester. Acetylcholine induced an N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methylester-sensitive vasodilation that was reduced in rings from endotoxin-treated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelin-A receptor blockade is an effective means of attenuating endothelin-1-induced contraction of isolated pulmonary artery rings, even from rats rendered endotoxemic. Endothelin-B receptors on the pulmonary artery cause vasodilation via the release of nitric oxide, and have no constrictor component. The functional effects of endothelin-B receptors on tone are lost after lipopolysaccharide treatment. The endothelium is involved in both the constrictor and dilator effects of endothelin in rat pulmonary artery, confirming a pivotal role for endothelial cells in the vascular response to sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Curzen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Jourdan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)