title: [Fast spin echo imaging of vertebral metastasis: comparison of fat suppression techniques (FSE-CHESS, STIR-FSE)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the capabilities of fast spin echo (FSE) sequences in diagnosing spinal metastases and to compare two fat-suppression techniques: CHESS (chemical shift selective saturation) and STIR (short T1 inversion recovery). Fat suppression is recommended with FSE sequences because on them, different from conventional spin echo (SE) sequences, fat has high signal intensity in both T1 and T2 weighting, masking such high-signal bone lesions as metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety metastatic lesions in 32 patients were studied with T1-weighted SE and T2-weighted FSE sequences with and without fat suppression (FSE-CHESS and STIR-FSE). Quantitative analyses (metastasis size, signal intensity, margins and conspicuity) and qualitative analyses (artifacts and fat saturation homogeneity) were carried out of both fat-suppression sequences. Signal-to-noise (S/N) and contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratios were calculated in 20 metastatic lesions. The results were analyzed with the chi 2 method and the paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fat-suppression FSE sequences were more sensitive to focal lesions (100%) than T1-weighted SE sequences (96.6%). Lesion signal was higher than that of surrounding bone in 95.5% of fat-suppressed images, which facilitated the recognition of spinal metastases. On the contrary, conspicuity was higher (73.3%) and the margins more definite (68.8%) on T1-weighted SE than on T2-weighted FSE sequences. Fat suppression was more apparent on STIR-FSE than on FSE-CHESS sequences, even with no significant difference in C/N ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both STIR-FSE and FSE-CHESS sequences are rapid and useful techniques to obtain fat saturation in FSE images. CHESS saturation is selective on fat signal, while STIR suppresses the signal of all the substances with the same short T1 as fat.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini-IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Ancona.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scarabino
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Giannatempo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popolizio
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Scarale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cammisa
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Salvolini
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*
vernacular_title: L'imaging Fast Spin Echo delle metastasi vertebrali: confronto tra tecniche di soppressione del grasso (FSE-CHESS, STIR-FSE).