title: Pain sensitivity in patients with temporomandibular disorders: relationship to clinical and psychosocial factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported that patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) exhibit enhanced sensitivity to experimentally evoked pain (1); however, the clinical relevance of this increased pain sensitivity remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of experimental pain sensitivity to clinical and psychosocial variables among patients with TMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six TMD patients were studied, half of whom were pain sensitive (PS) and the other half pain tolerant (PT), based on their ability to tolerate an ischemic pain task. Responses to painful thermal and nonpainful visual stimuli as well as clinical/diagnostic symptoms and psychosocial variables were compared for the two groups (i.e., PS vs. PT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that, compared with PT patients, the PS group exhibited greater sensitivity to thermal pain and rated innocuous visual stimuli as more intense. PS patients also reported greater clinical pain, but in general the groups did not differ on diagnostic and psychosocial measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that ischemic pain tolerance is a clinically relevant marker of pain sensitivity in TMD patients. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that impairments in CNS inhibitory pathways may contribute to the pain associated with TMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7455, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maixner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kincaid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D014111:Tourniquets