title: Changes in HIV risk behavior among injecting drug users: the impact of 21 versus 90 days of methadone detoxification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hypothesis that long-term methadone detoxification would produce greater HIV risk reduction among injecting drug users (IDU) than short-term detoxification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random assignment to 21 or 90 days of free detoxification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Storefront offices in two cities, with referrals to outpatient methadone detoxification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out-of-treatment IDU (n = 1803), recruited through street outreach and word of mouth, between April 1990 and March 1991. Of these, 62.6% were successfully located for 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported drug injection and sexual practices at baseline and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial reductions in risk behavior were observed at follow-up. Substantial percentages of subjects reported less frequent drug injection (54%), use of shooting galleries (85%), needle-sharing (67%), and number of sex partners (73%), and more frequent use of bleach to disinfect needles (67%) and condom use (31%). There were no significant differences in behavioral change between 21 and 90-day treatment, and subjects who entered treatment did not report significantly greater risk reduction than untreated subjects. Discriminant analyses showed a marginal effect for duration of treatment on risk reduction, although results were inconsistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large scale behavioral risk reduction appears to be occurring in this population regardless of treatment condition. In minimal service methadone detoxification, subjects treated under a longer-term detoxification protocol demonstrated no greater risk reduction than those receiving short-term detoxification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, MCP-Hahnemann School of Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192, USA.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bux
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lidz
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone