title: Alteration of bile acid metabolism by cimetidine in healthy humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To clarify an effect of cimetidine on bile acid metabolism, we evaluated whether an increased deconjugation of bile acids would occur in healthy humans who have received cimetidine. We examined: 1) whether healthy volunteers taking cimetidine would have positive bile acid breath tests because of bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum; 2) whether the isolated bacteria would exhibit deconjugation ability; and 3) whether a change in gastric pH was related to the bacterial overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 73 healthy Japanese volunteers; 53 of them received cimetidine and 20 did not. Deconjugation of bile acids was detected as 14CO2 specific activity of expired air measured by a bile acid breath test giving 5 muCi of oral glycine-1-(14)C labeled glycocholate. Aspiration of jejunal fluids was performed by a double lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip, and deconjugation ability of bacteria was evaluated using thin layer chromotography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples of expired breath from the 53 healthy volunteers showed a significant increase in 14CO2 specific activity after the administration of cimetidine rather than before the administration of cimetidine. Bacterial over-growth was found in the jejunal fluid after the administration of cimetidine. The administration of tetracycline to 27 subjects significantly reduced the 14CO2 specific activity. The following species were identified in the jejunal fluid samples obtained from the subjects: enterococcus, Lactobacillus bifidus, Bacteroides vulgatus, B uniformis, Eubacterium lentum, E parvum, and Escherichia coli. Except for E coli, all of the bacterial species identified deconjugated bile acids. We observed a significant relationship between 14CO2's specific activity and gastric pH before and after administration of cimetidine, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy volunteers who received cimetidine showed an increased deconjugation of bile acid caused by overgrowth of bacteria in the jejunum, which can deconjugate bile acids. The bacterial overgrowth is probably associated with a shift to neutral pH in the gastric juice caused by cimetidine.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002927:Cimetidine