title: [Anatomic orientation in paranasal endoscopic surgery].
abstract: A major concern during endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses are anatomic references, which aid in orientation and help to prevent complications. A step-by-step description is made of anatomical landmarks and how they should be interpreted during surgery. New landmarks are described, as well as typical difficult situations and their solution. Acoustic and tactile references supporting endoscopic orientationare described for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de ORL, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernal Sprekelsen
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*