title: Effect of prostaglandin E2 on eicosanoid release by human bronchial biopsy specimens from normal and inflamed mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and peptidoleukotrienes (pLT) are known to be biologically highly active lipid mediators, especially in human lung epithelium. PGE2 is thought to have mostly bronchoprotective effects, whereas pLT and TXA2 are bronchoconstrictive. This study was undertaken to assess the release and interaction of eicosanoids in human bronchial biopsy specimens of normal and inflamed mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 16 patients, seven controls without signs of inflammation and nine patients with severe inflammatory processes in the epithelium. The release of pLT, TXA2 (measured as TXB2), and PGE2 was investigated using a "functional in vitro test" and the addition of several stimuli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specimens incubated with arachidonic acid released higher amounts of pLT, TXB2, and PGE2 than unstimulated specimens. Preincubation with PGE2 revealed significant inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced release of pLT and TXB2 (> 50%). The inhibitory effect was higher in normal than in inflamed epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous PGE2 has inhibitory effects on the release of pLT and TXB2 in human bronchial biopsy specimens. This finding could explain the bronchoprotective effect of inhaled PGE2 in normal subjects and asthmatic subjects as direct eicosanoid interactions. It also supports the concept of PGE2 as a bronchoprotective endogenous substance. The complex effects of PGE2 as a modulating mediator in inflammation may be worth investigating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindenthal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bölcskei
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Baenkler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001706:Biopsy; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D015777:Eicosanoids; D015289:Leukotrienes; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D001241:Aspirin