title: Tardive dystonia. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical features.
abstract: In order to replicate the results of our previous study of tardive dystonia (TDt) and to enlarge the studied sample, we examined 154 consecutive psychiatric in-patients who had been exposed to neuroleptic drugs for a cumulative period of at least three months. The present study provides further data supporting a distinction between TDt and tardive dyskinesia (TDk). The patients with TDt tend to be younger, male, less exposed to neuroleptic drugs, and to have a more severe movement disorder. TDt appears to be the most frequent form of secondary dystonia, and there is evidence that its prevalence has so far been underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Santo Spirito, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale USL RM E, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzoni
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents