title: Pain elicited during intraoral infiltration with buffered lidocaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of buffered lidocaine with self reporting of pain elicited during maxillary labial and palatal infiltrations of permanent canines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized, prospective clinical trial of adult volunteers using a cross-over design of 20 paired injections using conventional 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine as the control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Failed to establish a significant reduction in pain scores for either injection site when buffered lidocaine was injected intraorally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0426, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Primosch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002021:Buffers; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002021:Buffers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine