title: [CT-guided neurolysis. Status of the technique and current results].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both thoracic and lumbar sympathectomy and celiac ganglion block could be established as effective methods; side effects are rarely reported. Only the high accuracy of CT-guided positioning can make this possible. Severe side effects are merely sporadic if the proper technique is applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 21G or 22G fine needles. All CT-guided percutaneous neurolysis methods require a proper blood coagulation. Most common CT scanners are suitable for neurolysis if there is enough room for maintaining sterile conditions. All neurolysis methods involve sterile puncture of the ganglia under local anesthesia, a test block with anesthetic and contrast agent to assess the clinical effect and the definitive block with a mixture of 96% ethanol and local anesthetic. This allows us to correct the position of the needle if we see improper distribution of the test block or unwanted side effects. Though inflammatory complications of the peritoneum due to puncture are rarely seen, we prefer the dorsal approach whenever possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 20 legs showed at least transient clinical improvement after CT-guided lumbar sympathectomies; 13 legs had to be amputated. Results of the methods in the literature differ. For lumbar sympathectomy, improved perfusion is reported in 39-89%, depending on the pre-selection of the patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was recently proved that sympathectomy not only improves perfusion of the skin but also of the muscle. The hypothesis of a steal effect after sympathectomy towards skin perfusion was disproved. Modern aggressive surgical and interventional treatment often leaves patients to sympathectomy whose reserves of collateralization are nearly exhausted. We presume this is the reason for the different results we found in our patient group. For thoracic sympathectomy the clinical treatment depends very much on the indications. Whereas palmar hyperhidrosis offers nearly 100% success, only 60-70% of patients with disturbance of perfusion have benefited. Results in celiac ganglia block also differ. Patients with carcinoma of the pancreas and other organs of the upper abdomen benefit in 80-100% of all cases, patients with chronic pancreatitis in 60-80%.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Radiodiagnostik, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roeren
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D009339:Needles; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome