title: Characterization of dose-dependent metabolic responses to close arterial infusion of cimaterol in the hindlimb of steers.
abstract: Dose-dependent effects of cimaterol (CIM) on hindlimb metabolism were determined in six steers (247 +/- 22 kg BW) using a close arterial infusion. The external iliac vessels of both hindlimbs were catheterized to accommodate measurement of blood flow, circulating concentrations, and net flux of NEFA, lactate, and alpha-amino nitrogen (AAN) during infusion of CIM at 0, .05, .1, .3, .7, 1 and 3 micrograms/ min. Close arterial infusion of CIM in the hindlimb of steers can be used to achieve a local concentration elevation that is required to differentiate local and systemic effects in vivo. Calculated plasma threshold CIM concentration required to initiate cardiovascular responses was 21 pg/mL, which resulted from an infusion rate of .3 microgram/min. Threshold concentrations of CIM for stimulation of NEFA and lactate net flux in the hindlimb were 38 and 34 pg/mL, respectively, and would be achieved with an infusion rate of .7 microgram/min. All measured responses except AAN net flux exhibited significant linear and quadratic dose effects, and responses in the treated hindlimb were always severalfold greater than in the contralateral control hindlimb. Maximal differences between treated and control hindlimb blood flow occurred with a CIM infusion rate of .7 microgram/min, but the highest infusion rate (3 micrograms/min) was required to maximize differences in NEFA and lactate flux. Therefore, to minimize cardiovascular and other systemic responses and optimize direct hindlimb responses, an infusion rate of .5 microgram of CIM/ min should cause significant stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors only in the CIM-infused hindlimb of young, growing steers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Byrem
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Beermann
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006614:Hindlimb; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007773:Lactates; D009584:Nitrogen; C047411:cimaterol