title: [Ventilation via a transnasally placed pharyngeal tube. Comparison with mask ventilation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present prospective study was designed to investigate the respiratory function during ventilation via a tube inserted through the nose into the pharynx. Results were compared with respiratory parameters measured during conventional mask ventilation in the same patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 ASA physical status I-II patients were studied after approval by the local Ethics Committee. Anaesthesia was induced with alfentanil 15 micrograms/kg and propofol 2.5-3.0 mg/kg and maintained with propofol, 12-15 mg/kg/h. Patients were ventilated via a facemask with oxygen and a tidal volume of approximately 8ml/kg (measurement A). After insertion of a tube (I.D. 7.0-7.5 mm) through the nostril into the pharynx ventilation was repeated in the same manner (measurement B). To secure airway seal a second person closed the patient's mouth and exerted cricoid pressure. Following neuromuscular blockade with suxamethonium (1.5 mg/kg) respiratory parameters were measured again (C). Measurements included pulse oximetry and side stream spirometry with continuous collection of the following data: airway pressure, inspired and expired tidal volume, dynamic compliance, expired volume in one second, inspiratory and expiratory oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration. Pressure-volume and flow-volume loops were displayed continuously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventilation via facial mask or via pharyngeal tube with and without relaxation showed normal endtidal FECO2. The mean values were 4.5 +/- 0.7%, 4.8 +/- 0.4% and 4.6 +/- 0.7%, respectively. Mean oxygen saturation exceeded 98% in each period. Leakage during mask ventilation was 59.3 +/- 65.5 mL and decreased to 40.5 +/- 62.1 mL with the pharyngeal tube, whereas relaxation resulted in a significant increase to 92.3 75.0 mL. Compliance (Cdyn) and expired volume in one second (V 1.0) did not change significantly during the entire period of measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a pharyngeally placed tube proved adequate compared to conventional mask ventilation in 20 patients without underlying airway disease.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Abt. I der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bund
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Logemann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirchner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen