title: Energy stress-induced dopamine loss in glutathione peroxidase-overexpressing transgenic mice and in glutathione-depleted mesencephalic cultures.
abstract: The role of the glutathione system in protecting dopamine neurons from a mild impairment of energy metabolism imposed by the competitive succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, malonate, was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of mesencephalic cultures with 10 microM buthionine sulfoxamine for 24 h reduced total glutathione levels in the cultures by 68%. Reduction of cellular glutathione per se was not toxic to the dopamine population, but potentiated toxicity when the cultures were exposed to malonate. In contrast, transgenic mice overexpressing glutathione peroxidase (hGPE) that received an intrastriatal infusion of malonate (3 mumol) into the left side had significantly less loss of striatal dopamine than their hGPE-negative littermates when assayed 1 week following infusion. These studies demonstrate that manipulation of the glutathione system influences susceptibility of dopamine neurons to damage due to energy impairment. The findings may provide insight into the loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease in which defects in both energy metabolism and the glutathione system have been identified.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neurology, Piscataway 08854, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zeevalk
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mirochnitchenko
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sonsalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008314:Malonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D008314:Malonates; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; C030290:malonic acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D004298:Dopamine