title: Analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory ligands in cultured mouse microglia: upregulation by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide and downregulation by interleukin-10, prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP-elevating agents.
abstract: Recent evidence indicates that membrane-bound costimulatory molecules of the B7 family are important for T-cell activation and are upregulated in IFN gamma-stimulated human microglia and in multiple sclerosis active lesions. In this study we have performed a detailed analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 expression and regulation in cultured mouse glial cells using immunocytochemical and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques. In an immortalized mouse microglial cell line (BV-2), expression of B7-1 and B7-2 was enhanced by interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). IFN gamma was a weak inducer of B7-2 mRNA and immunoreactivity in microglia primary cultures obtained from the neonatal mouse brain, whereas lipopolysaccharide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, colony-stimulating factors and interleukin-1 beta did not affect microglial B7-2 expression. Combined IFN gamma and lipopolysaccharide treatment very effectively upregulated the B7-2 gene expression and immunoreactivity in microglia, but not in astrocytes. In both glial cell types, expression of B7-1 was not induced by any of the above agents. Among known microglia/macrophage deactivators, interleukin-10, prostaglandin E2 and cAMP-elevating agents, but not transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-4, inhibited B7-2 transcripts and immunoreactivity in IFN gamma/LPS-stimulated microglia, thus suggesting possible paracrine and autocrine mechanisms for regulating the expression of this important T-cell costimulatory signal in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Menèndez Iglesias
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cerase
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceracchini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aloisi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017628:Microglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000166:cytology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010120:Oxytocics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015232:Dinoprostone