title: Combined potentiating effect of byakko-ka-ninjin-to, its constituents, rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, tomosaponin A-III, and calcium on pilocarpine-induced saliva secretion in streptozocin-diabetic mice.
abstract: The effects on pilocarpine-induced saliva secretion by a hot aqueous extract of Byakko-ka-ninjin-to (BN), its constituents, rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, three saponins (pseudoproto-timosaponin-AIII (An-S-1), proto-timosaponin-AIII (An-S-2) and timosaponin-AIII (An-S-3)) and calcium were examined in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and normal mice. The hot aqueous extracts of BN (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and Anemarrhena (170 and 340) mg/kg, i.p.) significantly promoted salivary flow in the diabetic animals, but suppressed it in the normal controls. An-S-2 and An-S-3 but not An-S-1 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly promoted salivary How in the diabetic animals. The potency order was An-S-3 >> An-S-2 >> extract. The hot aqueous extracts of BN and Anemarrhena increased the protein content of saliva in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of An-S-3 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) with CaCl2 (2 and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated salivary flow compared with the respective effect of each on its own. These results demonstrated that 1) An-S-3 was mainly responsible for saliva secretion of the hot aqueous extract, and 2) the effect of An-S-3 was potentiated by combination with calcium, suggesting combined effects of Byakko-ka-ninjin-to containing Anemarrhena asphodeloides and gypsum fiber (calcium).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Mecial and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; C108060:byakko-ka-ninjin-to; D010862:Pilocarpine; D002118:Calcium