Adjuvancy and reactogenicity of N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide (GMDP) orally administered just prior to trivalent influenza subunit vaccine. A double-blind placebo-controlled study in nursing home residents.
One hundred and fifty-three nursing home residents received 0, 5, 25 or 50 mg N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide (GMDP) orally, and trivalent influenza subunit vaccine intramuscularly. One day after intervention, there was a strong increase of total leucocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in the groups receiving 25 or 50 mg GMDP. A GMDP dose dependent increase in systemic, but not in local, vaccine side-effects was observed. No significant differences in post-vaccination haemagglutination inhibiting serum antibody titres were observed between the four groups, indicating that oral administration of GMDP together with influenza vaccination, does not lead to a higher vaccine efficacy.
Palache
A M
AM
WHO National Influenza Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Beyer
W E
WE
Hendriksen
E
E
Gerez
L
L
Aston
R
R
Ledger
P W
PW
de Regt
V
V
Kerstens
R
R
Rothbarth
P H
PH
Osterhaus
A D
AD
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010919:Placebos
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010919:Placebos