title: Application of tertiary amines with reduced toxicity to the curing process of acrylic bone cements.
abstract: 4-Dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol (DMOH) and 4-dimethylaminobenzyl methacrylate (DMMO) were used as the activators in the benzoyl peroxide initiated redox polymerization for the preparation of acrylic bone cement based on poly(methylmethacrylate) beads of different particle size. The residual monomer content of the cured cements was about 2 wt %, independent of the redox system used in the polymerization, indicating that the activating effect of the tertiary aromatic amines DMOH or DMMO was sufficient to reach a polymerization conversion similar to that obtained with the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (DMT) system. The BPO/DMOH and BPO/DMMO redox systems provided exotherms of decreasing peak temperature and increasing setting time, and the cured materials presented higher average molecular weight and similar glass transition temperatures in comparison with those obtained when DMT was used as the activator. In addition, these activators are three times less toxic than the classical DMT.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de C. y T. de Polimeros, CSIC., Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elvira
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levenfeld
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goñi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gurruchaga
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ginebra
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Planell
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Liso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rebuelta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: San Román
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000588:Amines; D001843:Bone Cements; D008768:Methylmethacrylates