title: High-dose donor bone marrow infusions to enhance allograft survival: the effect of timing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of strategies to enhance survival of transplanted organs and to potentially lower or even discontinue immunosuppressive therapy would represent a significant advance in posttransplant patient care. The aim of this clinical trial was to determine the effect of timing and dose of peripheral donor bone marrow cell (DBMC) infusion on graft and patient survival after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  DBMC, obtained from vertebral bodies, were administered in 101 recipients of liver allografts (OLTX). There were 107 patients for whom DBMC could not be obtained; they received OLTX alone (controls). A total of 5 x 10(8)/kg DBMC were infused at day 0 (group 1; n=9); at days 0 and 11 (group 2; n=26); or at days 5 and 11 (group 3; n=26). In group 4 (n=40), patients received up to five infusions of 2 x 10(8)/kg DBMC at days 5, 14, 21, 28, and 90 after OLTX.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the results from patients receiving two or more DBMC infusions (groups 2, 3, and 4) are considered, both patient and graft survival were significantly improved compared with the control group (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively). In groups 3 and 4, 88.5% and 95% of patients were alive with mean follow-up of 536 and 265 days, respectively, compared with 77.6% of patients in the control group (average follow-up of 452 days) (P=0.02). Graft survival was also significantly improved in groups 3 (88.5%) and 4 (92.5%), compared with the controls (72%) (P=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that dose and timing of DBMC infusions may be important variables affecting allograft survival. A randomized prospective trial is now in progress to compare group 3 DBMC infusion protocol with controls receiving OLTX alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karatzas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nery
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esquenazi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous