title: Apoptosis and gastrointestinal pharmacology.
abstract: Apoptosis is a fundamental biological process that regulates cell number and removes cells that are neoplastic or infected by viruses. This review summarises present knowledge of the mechanisms and genetic regulation of apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract and highlights areas of pharmacological relevance. In the intestine, apoptosis occurs in the crypt and possibly at the villus tip. Abnormal apoptosis plays a role in a number of gastrointestinal disease including colorectal cancer. The effects of cytotoxic drugs, chemical carcinogens, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, short-chain fatty acids, bile salts and anthraquinolones on apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hope Hospital, University of Manchester, Salford, UK.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans