title: Problems of translating heterologous genes in expression systems: the role of tRNA.
abstract: tRNA can have large effects on the expression and overexpression of heterologous genes in microbial expression systems through reduced translation and errors in amino acid sequences of protein products. Examples are given of large effects on gene expression related to tRNA content and to tRNA base modifications, both of which differ in heterologous expression systems compared to the cells from which the genes originally came. tRNA should be of greater concern in the expression of heterologous genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012343:RNA, Transfer