title: Biliary strictures in hepatic transplantation: treatment with self-expanding Z stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term results of Gianturco-Rösch Z (GRZ) stent placement for the treatment of recurrent, benign biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 5-year period, eight orthotopic liver transplant recipients underwent transhepatic placement of GRZ stents to treat 12 recurrent biliary strictures (six anastomotic, six intrahepatic). Prior treatment of 11 strictures with balloon dilation therapy had failed. Patients were followed up for 1-65 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent placement was successful in all patients. Stent position remained stable in all but one patient. Three patients died (1, 25, and 28 months after stent placement), all with patent stents. Four patients required no further biliary intervention. Two of the other four patients needed intermittent biliary balloon dilation with removal of bile duct debris. The third patient had a stable, nonobstructing stenosis in the stent. The fourth passed his stents and needed no further intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRZ stents are useful in patients who are refractory to repetitive balloon dilation of biliary strictures or who are poor surgical candidates.
authors.affiliation: Dotter Interventional Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Maxfield
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ivancev
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rösch
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002404:Catheterization; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors