title: Effect of adjuvants on antibody responses of sheep immunised with recombinant pili from Dichelobacter nodosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two oil emulsion adjuvants (incomplete Freunds adjuvant and a proprietary oil adjuvant), DEAE-dextran, L-tyrosine particles and Quil A on the humoral immune responses of sheep immunised with recombinant pili of Dichelobacter Nodosus (strain A).
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibody titres were studied for up to 32 weeks and were measured by bacterial agglutination and ELISA. The relative avidity of antibodies for pili was determined and the incidence and severity of adverse reactions at the site of injection of vaccines were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oil emulsion adjuvants and Quil A were more effective than either DEAE-dextran or L-tyrosine at stimulating antibodies in sheep. The incidence and severity of adverse reactions was lower in sheep which received vaccines containing either Quil A or DEAE-dextran than in sheep which received vaccines containing oil emulsion adjuvants. L-tyrosine had no adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quil A was as effective as oil adjuvants at stimulating high levels of antibodies against recombinant pili in sheep and had the significant advantage of being less irritant after subcutaneous injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Walduck
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Opdebeeck
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000276:immunology*; D001442:Bacteroides Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D003637:DEAE-Dextran / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D015994:Incidence; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012503:Saponins; D014443:Tyrosine; C046386:Quil A; D003637:DEAE-Dextran