title: Parathyroid surgery using monitored anesthesia care as an alternative to general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there have been several reports in the literature describing a renewed interest in performing thyroid surgery under local anesthesia (LA), there has been little information regarding parathyroid surgery under local anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our experience of 49 LA parathyroid patients over a 9-year period at a single institution. A bilateral cervical block (C2-C3) was administered by a single surgeon using lidocaine and bupivacaine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 39 females and 10 males with an average age of 62 years (range, 35-89 years). Every surgery was curative and the final pathology revealed 46 parathyroid adenomas and 3 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia. Forty-seven percent of the patients were discharged within 6 hours of operation and the remaining patients had a 1.4-day average length of hospital stay. A group of age- and sex-matched controls who underwent parathyroid surgery using general anesthesia (GA) served as a control group with 27% of operations performed as outpatients and an average length of stay of 1.6 days. Return to work averaged 6 days for the LA group versus 8 days for the GA. In the LA group, there was one instance of postoperative hemorrhage requiring reoperation and one instance of conversion to GA secondary to an inability to tolerate LA. There were no instances of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or permanent hypoparathyroidism in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that experienced surgeons can perform parathyroid surgery safely and effectively using LA as an alternative to GA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ditkoff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chabot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feind
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lo Gerfo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies