title: The performance of SAPS II in a cohort of patients admitted to 99 Italian ICUs: results from GiViTI. Gruppo Italiano per la Valutazione degli interventi in Terapia Intensiva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the validity of SAPS II (new Simplified Acute Physiology Score) in a cohort of patients admitted to a large sample of Italian intensive care units (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  The ability of the SAPS II scoring system to predict the probability of hospital mortality was assessed with calibration and discrimination measures obtained using published coefficients. A new logistic regression equation was then developed and further formal calibration and discrimination measures were estimated for the customized model.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the 2202 consecutive patients recruited during a 1-month period in 99 ICUs, a total of 1393 patients were included in this validation study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the parameters based on the standard model were applied, the expected probability of mortality did not fit those actually observed in the cohort (p < 0.001), although it showed satisfactory discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.80). Such lack of fit yields an overall under prediction of mortality (observed/expected ratio = 1.14) that reflects a uniform pattern across a preselected set of subgroups. Customization allowed new mortality estimates to be calculated, with satisfactory calibration (p = 0.82) and a more uniform pattern across subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAPS II maintained its validity in an independent sample of patients recruited in a large network of Italian ICUs only after appropriate adaptation (first-level customization). Whether the determinants of this relatively poor performance are related to differences in unmeasured case-mix, methods of application, or quality of care delivered is a matter for discussion that cannot be solved with the data presently available. However, these findings suggest that caution is warranted before implementing the standard SAPS II scoring system parameters outside formal research projects.
authors.affiliation: GiViTI Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche, Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apolone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iapichino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Salvo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Melotti
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis