title: p15s (15-kD antimicrobial proteins) are stored in the secondary granules of Rabbit granulocytes: implications for antibacterial synergy with the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in inflammatory fluids.
abstract: The bactericidal potency toward complement-resistant Escherichia coli of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in glycogen-induced inflammatory peritoneal exudates of rabbits is dependent on synergy with extracellular p15s. This synergy depends on the high molar ratio of p15s to BPI in the extracellular fluid (approximately 50:1), which greatly exceeds the intracellular ratio (approximately 5:1). To explore the possible basis of the greater accumulation of p15s in inflammatory fluid, we examined the subcellular localization of BPI and p15 in PMNs. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the storage of BPI in primary granules and showed that p15s are stored in secondary granules. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of density-fractionated rabbit bone marrow cells verified that p15s are expressed later than BPI during myeloid differentiation. As the inflammatory response evolves, p15 mRNA appears earlier in blood and exudate cells than mRNA for BPI, consistent with release of progressively less mature precursors from bone marrow. Finally, Ca(2+)-ionophore-mediated exocytosis of p15s occurs more readily than release of BPI. We therefore propose that localization of a synergistic partner of BPI (p15s) in more readily released secondary granules allows the neutrophil to mobilize potent BPI-dependent antibacterial activity extracellularly without significant depletion of intracellular BPI stores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York University, NY, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarember
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsbach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shin-Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein