title: Dienogest, a novel synthetic steroid, overcomes hormone-dependent cancer in a different manner than progestins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dienogest is a synthetic progestational steroid that is used for contraception. It is being studied for the treatment of endometriosis, but its anticancer activity remains unknown. The authors investigated the anticancer effect of dienogest on hormone-dependent cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used two cell lines derived from human endometrial carcinoma (HEC-88nu cells expressing estrogen receptors [ER] but not progesterone receptors [PR] and Ishikawa cells expressing both ER and PR) and a cell line derived from human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cells expressing both ER and PR). The authors examined the in vivo antitumor activity and the antiuterotropic activity of dienogest in mice and compared it with the activity of several progestins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At oral doses of 0.01-1 mg/kg/day, dienogest significantly suppressed the 17 beta-estradiol benzoate (E2)-dependent tumor growth of HEC-88nu cells, which were unresponsive to known progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 100 mg/kg/day, administered orally) and norethisterone (NES, 100 mg/kg/ day, administered orally). The suppressive effect of dienogest on tumor growth was not diminished in the presence of excess MPA. Dienogest also suppressed the E2-dependent tumor growth of both Ishikawa and MCF-7 cells, both of which responded to MPA. However, the minimum effective dose of dienogest (0.01-1 mg/kg/day) was much lower than that of MPA (100 mg/kg/day). In contrast, dienogest did not suppress the E2-induced increase in uterine weight, whereas MPA and NES suppressed it significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dienogest showed potent anticancer activity against hormone-dependent cancers at doses at which progestins show no activity.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibutani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C023635:dienogest; D009277:Nandrolone