title: Safety of pulmonary angiography in the 1990s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the safety of pulmonary angiography with low-osmolar contrast material and modern angiographic techniques and to analyze periprocedural complications with respect to potential predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of data from 547 consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary angiography. Minor and major complications were analyzed by using several clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were five major (0.9%) and 26 minor complications (4.8%). Eleven of the 26 minor complications were contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. There were no periprocedural deaths. Patients with complications had an increased incidence of coexistent pulmonary morbidities and were of a poorer physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiology criteria. Moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension was correlated with major complications. Age, volume of contrast material used, and presence of pulmonary embolism were not correlated with complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary angiography is a safe procedure with an acceptable complication rate. These findings should be considered in the selection of an imaging method for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Oser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media