title: Plasma cortisol responses to remote adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) infusion in free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus).
abstract: A remote infusion and blood collection device (Dracpac) was used on free-ranging red deer stags to deliver i.v. a range of ACTH1-24 doses and collect blood for cortisol determination. In Experiment 1, conducted in September, saline and 1, 4, and 16 IU ACTH/100 kg bodyweight were infused (n = 5-7 per treatment). In Experiment 2 (November), 16 and 64 IU ACTH/100 kg were infused (n = 5 per treatment); and the response of animals to restraint was also assessed (n = 6). Pre-infusion concentrations of plasma cortisol were low (mean 6.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml), and unaffected by infusion of saline. ACTH significantly elevated plasma cortisol concentrations, with mean peak concentrations occurring 20-40 min postinfusion. Duration of the response was dose dependent, ranging from 80-160 min. With increasing doses of ACTH, maximal peak heights plateaued at approximately 40 and 60 ng/ml in September and November, respectively; whereas the areas under the curves tended to increase. The minimum dose of ACTH that resulted in a maximal peak cortisol response was 4 IU. The maximum peak height of the cortisol response to 16 IU tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in November compared with September, suggesting that adrenal responsiveness may change over this period. The adrenal response to a 16-IU ACTH challenge in Experiment 2 resulted in similar plasma cortisol concentrations to an acute stress event (restraint). Four IU/100 kg ACTH i.v. is recommended as an appropriate dose for ACTH infusion studies in red deer stags. When used in conjunction with the Dracpac technique, it becomes a stress-free, repeatable procedure for assessing aspects of adrenal cortex physiology in free-ranging deer.
authors.affiliation: Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Centre, AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Carragher
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schaare
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003670:Deer / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone