title: Therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine against Mycobacterium avium complex in mice depends on size of initial inoculum and duration of infection.
abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine (L-CLF) against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was evaluated in the acute and chronic infection models of the beige mouse (C57BL/6J bgj bgj). The maximum tolerated dose of L-CLF was inversely proportional to the infection level. L-CLF showed higher antibacterial activity than free clofazimine. Treatment with 25 mg of L-CLF per kg of body weight (intravenously) was started at days 1, 8, 15, and 22 postinfection and was studied at three levels of MAC infection (10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) bacilli/mouse). L-CLF treatment caused a significant (P < 0.05 to 0.001) reduction in the numbers of viable bacteria in lung, liver, and spleen at all infection levels, irrespective of time of treatment. However, the best results were obtained when an already established infection was treated (day 22). The organ-related differences in response to the treatment were also affected by the level of infection. A marked reduction in the numbers of CFU was observed in the lungs of mice with lower infection levels, whereas liver and spleen were treated more efficiently at higher infection levels. These studies might help in evaluations of host responses to therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioimmunotherapy, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomez-Flores
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002991:Clofazimine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D008081:Liposomes; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000187:drug effects*; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D002991:Clofazimine