title: The practical use of carbon dioxide-induced anxiety in the diagnosis and care of patients with panic disorder.
abstract: The authors utilized inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide and 65% oxygen as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of suspected panic disorder. In two inpatients admitted for a medical evaluation for pheochromocytoma and carcinoid syndrome, respectively, a positive response to the double-blind administration of CO2/O2 or room air was consistent with a diagnosis of panic disorder by psychiatric history. In two additional patients in whom denial of mental illness was a psychological impediment to proper treatment, a positive CO2/O2 challenge resulted in therapeutic benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-0742, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caton
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: DeVane
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide