title: ApoE-4 and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease: the NIMH genetics initiative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the impact of apoE-4 on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its age at onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  A genetic linkage study using affected relative pairs, predominantly siblings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three academic medical centers ascertained subjects from memory disorder clinics, nursing homes, and the local community.
  
  
  METHODS
  310 families including 679 subjects with AD by NINCDS/ADRDA and/or Khachaturian criteria and 231 unaffected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  ApoE genotype. ANALYTIC METHODS: Association, affected pedigree member, sibling pair, and lod score analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ApoE-4 was strongly associated with AD in this sample (allele frequency = 0.46 vs. 0.14 in controls, p < 0.000001). Results of lod score, affected pedigree member analysis, and sib-pair analysis also supported apoE-4 as a risk factor for AD. When the sample was stratified on family mean age at onset, the risk conferred by apoE-4 was most marked in the 61 to 65 age group. Individuals with two copies of apoE-4 had a significantly lower age at onset than those with one or no copies (66.4 vs. 72.0, p < 0.001), but individuals with one copy did not differ from those with none. Within families, the individual with the earliest age at onset had, on average, significantly more apoE-4 alleles (p < 0.0001) than the individual with the latest onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work supports previous reports of an association between apoE-4 and the development of AD and demonstrates that apoE-4 exerts its maximal effect before age 70. These findings have important implications for the potential use of apoE genotyping for diagnosis and prediction of disease. They also underscore the need to identify additional genetic factors involved in AD with onset beyond age 70 years.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blacker
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terwedow
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanzi
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E