title: Limited field evaluation of a rapid monoclonal antibody-based dipstick assay for urinary schistosomiasis.
abstract: A rapid, visually read monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-based dipstick assay for specific diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis was field tested with microscopy and the use of hematuria and proteinuria in a schistosomiasis hematobia endemic area in Southern Ghana. The study group consisted of 229 individuals (114 males and 115 females) aged 1 to 86 years; 145/229 (63.3%) of the subjects submitted stool samples from which no S. mansoni eggs were detected. However, infections with Necator americanus (hookworms) 33.1%, Ascaris lumbricoides 2.8%, Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) 2.8%, and Strongyloides stercoralis 0.7% were detected but did not appear to influence the results of the MoAb-dipstick assay. Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was estimated as 47.6% by microscopy, 48% by MoAb-dipstick, 39.7% by microhematuria, and 23.6% by proteinuria. The MoAb-dipstick correctly identified 108/109 (99.1%) of microscopically confirmed cases and 118/120 (98.3%) of egg-negative individuals, thereby giving a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 98.3%. On the other hand, microhematuria and proteinuria were, respectively, 76.1% and 40.4% sensitive, and 94.2% and 92.5% specific when compared to microscopy. Microhematuria and proteinuria had significantly lower sensitivity (P < 0.001) than either microscopy or dipstick.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Unit, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bosompem
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ayi
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Anyan
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Nkrumah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards*; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000276:immunology; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic