title: Pharmacokinetics and anti-trichomonal efficacy of a dimetridazole tablet and water-soluble powder in homing pigeons (Columba livia).
abstract: The anti-trichomonal efficacy and pharmacokinetics of dimetridazole were investigated in the homing pigeon (Columba livia). Dimetridazole was formulated for drinking water medication and as a prolonged-release tablet. To suppress a Trichomonas gallinae infection successfully, medicated drinking water containing dimetridazole (400 mg/L) had to be administered for at least 3 days. A two-day treatment with a dimetridazole tablet (20 mg/tablet) in fasted, as well as in fed, pigeons was shown to be ineffective. After intravenous administration of 20 mg dimetridazole, the drug plasma concentration-time profile fitted a one-compartment open model with a mean half-life of 3.9 h. The absolute bioavailability of the tablet in fasted pigeons was 83.8%. The bioavailability of the tablet administered with food was reduced by 20%. Dimetridazole was rapidly metabolised to (1-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-2-yl) methanol.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inghelbrecht
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeersch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronsmans
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Remon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DeBacker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vercruysse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010856:Columbidae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004131:Dimetridazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D011208:Powders; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011208:Powders; D013607:Tablets; D014867:Water; D008795:Metronidazole; C059098:2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole; D004131:Dimetridazole