title: Increased serum interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist concentrations in major depression.
abstract: Recently, it has been shown that major depression may be accompanied by an increased production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), an acute phase (AP) response and simultaneous signs of activation and suppression of cell-mediated immunity. The interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1-rA) is released in vivo during an AP response and serum levels are increased in many immune disorders. The release of IL-1-rA may limit the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-1. This study has been carried out to examine serum IL-1-Ra in 68 depressed subjects (21 minor, 25 simple major and 22 melancholic subjects) vs. 22 normal controls. Depressed subjects showed significantly higher serum IL-1-rA concentrations than healthy controls. 29% of all depressed subjects had serum IL-1-rA levels higher than the mean value +2 standard deviations of normal controls; 44% depressed subjects had IL-1-rA values greater than 0.215 ng/ml with a specificity of 90%. In depressed subjects, there was a significant and positive relationship between serum IL-1-rA and severity of illness. In depression, there were no significant relationships between serum IL-1-rA concentrations and indicants of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity, such as 24-h urinary cortisol and postdexamethasone cortisol values. Women had significantly higher serum IL-1-rA levels than men. The findings support the thesis that depression is accompanied by an immune-inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Psychiatry, AZ Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vandoolaeghe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bosmans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergmans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Desnyder
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins