title: Enhanced induction of apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cells after preoperative treatment with 5-fluorouracil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that anticancer drugs induce apoptosis, thus it is considered that apoptosis may be important in cancer chemotherapy. The authors examined whether the administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) enhanced apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells, and investigated the relationship between apoptosis and the expression of Ki-67 and the Bax gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with gastric carcinoma were divided into 2 groups. Ten patients received continuous intravenous 5-FU at 500 mg/body weight/day for 7 days preoperatively whereas the other 10 did not receive any chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and served as controls. For detection of apoptotic cells, apoptotic indices were examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of Ki-67 and the Bax gene were examined by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells increased significantly to 6.1 +/- 3.6% in the 5-FU-treated group compared with the controls (3.2 +/- 1.8%; P < 0.05). The level of expression of Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, was inversely correlated with the extent of TUNEL staining that was specific for apoptosis. The percentage of cells that were immunopositive for Ki-67 fell to 50.8 +/- 7.3% of the apoptotic area in the 5-FU-treated group compared with 57.5 +/- 6.9% in the controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between frequency of apoptotic cells and the level of expression of the Bax gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors demonstrated enhanced apoptosis in gastric tumors after continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU for 7 days. This result suggests that it may be possible to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy by detecting apoptotic cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaibara
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D005472:Fluorouracil