title: Biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characterization of distal tibial osteochondrosis in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical profiles of articular cartilage from horses with naturally acquired distal tibial osteochondrosis (OC) with cartilage from a similar location in clinically normal horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 affected horses (group 1, 16 OC lesions) and 4 control horses (group 2, 8 normal osteochondral specimens).
  
  
  METHODS
  OC specimens were collected during arthroscopic removal of the fragment, and control specimens were collected by aseptic osteotomy. Uronic acid, total protein, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and keratan sulfate (KS) contents were determined. Histomorphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on specimens after snap freezing at -80 C and cryosectioning. Monoclonal antibodies (MAB) 3B3 and 5D4 were applied for location of epitopes of CS and KS, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OC lesions had significantly lower quantity of uronic acid, total GAG, and CS, compared with normal cartilage. OC cartilage had significantly less intense staining with toluidine blue, along with irregular cellularity and tidemark characteristics, compared with normal cartilage. Monoclonal antibodies 3B3 and 5D4 stained OC cartilage, whereas MAB 5D4 did not stain control cartilage. Additionally, MAB 3B3 and 5D4 stained the fibrous tissue that was found firmly attached to the OC lesion located between the parent distal portion of the tibia and OC fragment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OC cartilage lesions of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia in horses are biochemically, histochemically, and immunohistochemically distinct from normal cartilage from the same location. Results may reflect the inability of the chondrocyte of the developing joint to alter matrix components that would allow proper maturation and differentiation into bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1089, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lillich
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bertone
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Malemud
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Weisbrode
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ruggles
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010007:Osteochondritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013977:Tibia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014574:Uronic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D014574:Uronic Acids; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D007632:Keratan Sulfate