title: Structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase, an enzyme essential for the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan, complexed with substrate UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and the drug fosfomycin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA), catalyses the first committed step of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and is a target for the antibiotic fosfomycin. The only other known enolpyruvyl transferase is 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme involved in the shikimic acid pathway and the target for the herbicide glyphosate. Inhibitors of enolpyruvyl transferases are of biotechnological interest as MurA and EPSP synthase are found exclusively in plants and microbes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crystal structure of Escherichia coli MurA complexed with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and fosfomycin has been determined at 1.8 A resolution. The structure consists of two domains with the active site located between them. The domains have a very similar secondary structure, and the overall protein architecture is similar to that of EPSP synthase. The fosfomycin molecule is covalently bound to the cysteine residue Cys115, whereas UDP-GlcNAc makes several hydrogen-bonding interactions with residues from both domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present structure reveals the mode of binding of the natural substrate UDP-GlcNAc and of the drug fosfomycin, and provides information on the residues involved in catalysis. These results should aid the design of inhibitors which would interfere with enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the early stage of the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Furthermore, the crystal structure of MurA provides a model for predicting active-site residues in EPSP synthase that may be involved in catalysis and substrate binding.
authors.affiliation: Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK. ts 14913@ggr.co.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skarzynski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wonacott
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D051229:3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D005578:Fosfomycin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014166:Transferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D005578:Fosfomycin; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine; D014166:Transferases; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051229:3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase; C022566:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase