title: In vivo MR microscopy of the human skin.
abstract: The requirements for imaging the skin are dictated by the organ's layered structure, which extends only a few millimeters from the surface and thus demands extremely high resolution in this direction. While less critical, resolution in the remaining two dimensions determines whether the skin's accessory structures can be resolved. The problem is compounded by short transverse relaxation times, in particular of the dermis, the structure of most clinical interest. In this work images of the normal human skin were obtained in vivo at voxel sizes as small as 19 x 78 x 800 microm3, by means of customized 3D gradient and partial flip-angle spin-echo pulse sequences and very small transmit/receive coils on a 1.5T clinical imager equipped with high-power whole-body gradients. Structures resolved include hair follicles and the sublayers of the dermis. The very short time constant for the major component (91%) for transverse relaxation in the dermis (T2* approximately 10 ms) suggests the potential of substantial gains in achievable signal-to-noise ratio by shortening the echo time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Wehrli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007866:Leg; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology