title: Intravenous regional anesthesia for management of children's extremity fractures in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block) is safe and efficacious for the management of children's extremity fractures in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 470 ED records of children presenting with extremity fractures reduced with intravenous regional anesthesia from 1989 through 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  ED of a 256-bed teriary care children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred seventy children treated in the ED from 1989 through 1994 for extremity fractures reduced with Bier block anesthesia. Three hundred eleven boys and 159 girls with a mean age of 9.4 years (range two-19 years) were included in the review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilization of intravenous regional anesthesia for fracture reduction of affected extremity.
  
  
  METHODS
  ED records and orthopaedic consultation notes were reviewed for adequacy of reduction, number of reduction attempts, efficacy of anesthesia, and any associated untoward effects or complications, and review of operative notes of any children who required a subsequent procedure in the operating room (OR) under general anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine percent (467) had adequate anesthesia for fracture reduction. There were no complications noted. Specifically, there were no incidents of hypotension, tachycardia, seizures, or arrhythmia. Bier block anesthesia was aborted in three patients because venous access could not be obtained in the affected extremity. Less than 2% (8) required a general anesthetic in the OR for further treatment. All of the children taken to the OR underwent internal fixation of the fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block) is safe and efficacious in the treatment of children's extremity fractures in the ED.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Blasier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine