title: Cavity wall adaptation and voids in adhesive Class I resin composite restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Handling characteristics and adaptation modes of resin composites are important factors to achieve proper placement of the restorative materials. The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of the consistency of composite materials and the mode of application on voids and porosities in Class I adhesive restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred medium-sized Class I preparations with an adhesive design were restored with three composites of various consistencies using three different application modes. The restorations were sectioned, and each section of a restoration was inspected for the presence of voids. The total surface and the percentage of the cavity wall occupied by voids as well as the total number of voids in the sections were recorded. A Krusal-Wallis analysis of variance was carried out on the data. Differences between individual composite materials for each mode of application and between individual application modes for each composite material were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U-test at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injection technique with a Hawe Neos Centrix tip was the best mode of application. Both smearing and the condensation of composites appeared to produce unreliable results. Furthermore, there were more problems with voids and wall adaptation for the thicker-consistency composite than for the medium- and thin-consistency material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thick-consistency composite had more problems related to voids and wall adaptation than the medium- and thin-consistency composites.
authors.affiliation: TRIKON: Institute for Dental Clinical Research, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. carendo@dent.kun.nl
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Opdam
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Roeters
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burgersdijk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teunis
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003763:Dental Leakage; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D016062:Porosity; D019279:Resin Cements; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; C065770:Herculite XR; C065771:P50 composite resin; C084849:Clearfil Ray Posterior; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate