title: The zebrafish epiboly mutants.
abstract: Epiboly, the enveloping of the yolk cell by the blastoderm, is the first zebrafish morphogenetic movement. We isolated four mutations that affect epiboly: half baked, avalanche, lawine and weg. Homozygous mutant embryos arrest the vegetal progress of the deep cells of the blastoderm; only the yolk syncytial layer of the yolk cell and the enveloping layer of the blastoderm reach the vegetal pole of the embryo. The mutations half baked, avalanche and lawine produce a novel dominant effect, termed a zygotic-maternal dominant effect: heterozygous embryos produced from heterozygous females slow down epiboly and accumulate detached cells over the neural tube; a small fraction of these mutant individuals are viable. Heterozygous embryos produced from heterozygous males crossed to homozygous wild-type females complete epiboly normally and are completely viable. Additionally, embryos heterozygous for half baked have an enlarged hatching gland, a partial dominant phenotype. The phenotypes of these mutants demonstrate that, for the spreading of cells during epiboly, the movement of the deep cells of the blastoderm require the function of genes that are not necessary for the movement of the enveloping layer or the yolk cell. Furthermore, the dominant zygotic-maternal effect phenotypes illustrate the maternal and zygotic interplay of genes that orchestrate the early cell movements of the zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck Institut fur Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung für Genetik, Tübingen, Germany. kane@uoneuro.uoregon.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammerschmidt
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Maischein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Eeden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furutani-Seiki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haffter
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heisenberg
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kelsh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odenthal
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Warga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nüsslein-Volhard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006720:Homozygote; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015053:Zygote / Q000502:physiology