title: Exercise training decreases dyspnea and the distress and anxiety associated with it. Monitoring alone may be as effective as coaching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether exercise training with coaching is more effective than exercise training alone in reducing dyspnea and the anxiety and distress associated with it and improving exercise performance, self-efficacy for walking, and dyspnea with activities of daily living.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial of 51 dyspnea-limited patients with COPD assigned to monitored (n = 27) or coached (n = 24) exercise groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient area of university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both groups completed 12 supervised treadmill training sessions (phase 1) over 4 weeks followed by 8 weeks of home walking (phase 2). The CE group also received coaching during training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceived work of breathing, dyspnea intensity, distress associated with dyspnea, and anxiety associated with dyspnea were rated on a visual analog scale during incremental treadmill testing and after 6-min walks before and after phase 1. Dyspnea with activities of daily living, self-efficacy for walking, state anxiety, and 6-min walks were measured before and after both phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dyspnea and the associated distress and anxiety improved significantly for both groups relative to work performed and in relation to ventilation (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in any outcomes. The phase 1 improvement in laboratory dyspnea was accompanied by improvements in dyspnea with activities of daily living (p < 0.01) and self-efficacy for home walking (p < 0.01) that were sustained during the home phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coaching with exercise training was no more effective than exercise training alone in improving exercise performance, dyspnea, and the anxiety and distress associated with it, dyspnea with activities, and self-efficacy for walking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0111, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carrieri-Kohlman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gormley
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stulbarg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D016138:Walking; D014939:Work of Breathing