title: Home dampness, moulds and their influence on respiratory infections and symptoms in adults in Finland.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of mouldy homes and their association with respiratory symptoms and diseases in a subarctic climate. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2,000 males and females, aged 25-64 yrs, living in the county of Kuopio, Finland. A total of 1,521 (76%) responded and 1,460 were selected for the final analysis. The prevalence of homes with visible mould was 4%; with the odour of mould 5%; with damp spots, visible mould or the odour of mould 15%; and with moisture/ water damage, damp spots, visible mould or the odour of mould 23%. The number of reports of bronchitis, common cold, atopy, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, fever and chills, hoarseness, fatigue, difficulties in concentration, lumbar backache and stomach ache were strongly associated with living in a damp home. Bronchitis, hoarseness and difficulties in concentration had the strongest associations, with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence limits) of: 2.04 (1.49-2.78), 2.23 (1.37-3.63) and 2.17 (1.35-3.50), respectively. After controlling for a possible reporting bias by excluding those subjects reporting lumbar backache and recurrent stomach pain, eye irritation and tiredness remained significant. In conclusion, living in a home with mould problems may increase the risk of respiratory infections and symptoms in adults.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pirhonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Husman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekkanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005658:Fungi; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires