title: Phosphotyrosine-dependent activation of Rac-1 GDP/GTP exchange by the vav proto-oncogene product.
abstract: The oncogenic protein Vav harbours a complex array of structural motifs, including leucine-rich, Dbl-homology, pleckstrin-homology, zinc-finger, SH2 and SH3 domains. Upon stimulation by antigens or mitogens, Vav becomes phosphorylated on key tyrosine residues and associates with other signalling proteins, including the mitogen receptors Zap-70 (ref. 6), Vap-1 (ref. 5) and Slp-76 (ref. 7). Disruption of the vav locus by homologous recombination causes severe defects in signalling by primary antigen receptors, leading to abnormal lymphocyte proliferation and lymphopenia. Despite the importance of Vav cell signalling, the function of this protein remains unknown. Here we show that tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav, but not the non-phosphorylated protein, catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Rac-1, a protein implicated in cell proliferation and cytoskeletal organization, causing this GTPase to switch from its inactive to its active state. Transfection experiments also show that phosphorylation of Vav on tyrosine residues leads to nucleotide exchange on Rac-1 in vivo and stimulates c-Jun kinase, a downstream element in the signalling pathway involving this GTPase. Our results have identified a function for Vav and define a mechanism in which engaged membrane receptors activate its signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Signaling Unit, Laboratory of Cellular Development and Oncology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schuebel
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ostrom
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gutkind
authors.forename: X R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Bustelo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002384:Catalysis; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000378:metabolism; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051567:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051567:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases