title: A simplified screening test for identifying people with low vision in developing countries.
abstract: Simple but effective tests have been produced for screening subjects with low vision in developing countries. These tests of distance and near vision, based on the E test, were evaluated and validated in trials with people aged 4-90 years, and have been field tested in the health, education and rehabilitation services in 32 developing countries. Their sensitivity and specificity as screening tools for low vision have been calculated; sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 96% for the distance vision test, and sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84% for the near vision test. The content and format of the tests have been demonstrated to be appropriate for developing countries, and their effectiveness for screening for low vision has been confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Keeffe
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lovie-Kitchin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000592:standards*; D014792:Visual Acuity