title: Synaesthesia: prevalence and familiality.
abstract: Synaesthesia is a condition in which a mixing of the senses occurs; for example, sounds trigger the experience of colour. Previous reports suggest this may be familial, but no systematic studies exist. In addition, there are no reliable prevalence or sex-ratio figures for the condition, which is essential for establishing if the reported sex ratio (female bias) is reliable, and if this implicates a sex-linked genetic mechanism. Two independent population studies were conducted in the city of Cambridge, England (studies 1 and 2 here), as necessary background to the family genetic study of synaesthesia (study 3). Studies 1 and 2 arrived at an almost identical prevalence rate for synaesthesia: approximately 1 case in 2000. The sex ratio found was 6:1 (female:male). A third of cases also reported familial aggregation. In study 3 six families were examined, and first-degree relatives were tested for genuineness of the condition. All six families were indeed multiplex for synaesthesia. Alternative modes of inheritance are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baron-Cohen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smith-Laittan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolton
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D014960:X Chromosome