title: Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity (CM-AN) continues to be a common cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. This review of CM-AN discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, incidence, risk factors with an emphasis on pre-existing renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus, volume of contrast media, low osmolar versus high osmolar contrast media, and prophylaxis. Although the literature contains an abundance of information concerning CM-AN, areas of uncertainty remain in respect to clinical significance, risk with modem day radiological techniques and contrast media, optimal prophylactic regimens, and criteria for creatinine screening before contrast media administration.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Graduate Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19146, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rudnick
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Berns
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media