title: Trematode myoglobins, functional molecules with a distal tyrosine.
abstract: The myoglobins of two trematodes, Paramphistomum epiclitum and Isoparorchis hypselobagri, were isolated to homogeneity. The native molecules are monomeric with Mr 16,000-17,000 and pI 6.5-7.5. In each species, at least four different globin isoforms occur. Primary structure was determined at the protein level. The globin chains contain 147 amino acid residues. Although major determinants of the globin fold are conserved, characteristic substitutions are present. A Tyr residue occurs at the helical positions B10 and E7 (distal position). This is confirmed by NMR measurements (Zhang, W., Rashid, K. A., Haque, M., Siddiqi, A. H., Vinogradov, S. N., Moens, L. & La Mar, G. N. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3000-3006). A distal Tyr normally provokes oxidation of the iron atom and the inability to bind oxygen, whereas a Tyr-B10 is indicative for a high oxygen affinity. In contrast, trematode myoglobins are functional molecules with a high oxygen affinity. Molecular modeling predicts two possible positions for the aromatic ring of Tyr-E7: one being outside the heme pocket making it freely accessible to the ligand and one within the heme pocket potentially able to form a second hydrogen bond with the iron-bound oxygen. A hydrogen bond between Tyr-B10 and the bound oxygen as in the Ascaris hemoglobin is predicted as well. The predicted structure may explain the high oxygen affinity of the trematode myoglobins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Van Hauwaert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lasters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maeyer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Griffon
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marden
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dewilde
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clauwaert
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moens
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000469:parasitology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005210:Fasciola hepatica; D005212:Fasciolidae; D005914:Globins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010250:Paramphistomatidae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012417:Rumen / Q000469:parasitology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014200:Trematoda / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009211:Myoglobin; D005914:Globins