title: Quality of frozen-thawed testicular sperm and its preclinical use for intracytoplasmic sperm injection into in vitro-matured germinal-vesicle stage oocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of cryopreservation on the quality of human testicular spermatozoa and the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with frozen-thawed testicular sperm into metaphase II oocytes in vitro-matured from the germinal-vesicle stage oocyte.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preclinical freezing study on supernumarary testicular spermatozoa after ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary IVF center coupled with an institutional research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients undergoing excisional testicular biopsy for ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated testicular spermatozoa were cryopreserved and thawed; frozen-thawed motile testicular spermatozoa were microinjected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prefreezing and post-thawing motility and viability, survival rate, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and embryo quality after ICSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean percentage motility decreased from 21% before freezing to 6% after thawing. Vitality was impaired to a similar extent, decreasing from 68% to 22% (32% recovery rate). Injection of frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa into in vitro-matured oocytes resulted in a fertilization rate of 50.9%. Cleavage rate was severely impaired. Half of the fertilized oocytes became arrested in the one-cell stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the low quality of the fresh testicular spermatozoa, a high percentage of prepared testicular sperm fractions showed survival and motility after the freezing and thawing process. Injection of frozen-thawed testicular sperm into matured oocytes resulted in fertilization rates comparable with these with fresh testicular sperm, but cleavage rates were severely impaired, which might be due to source of oocytes used for ICSI.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joris
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Croo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tournaye
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003593:Cytoplasm; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*