title: Immunohistochemical study and western blotting analysis of titin-like proteins in the striated muscle of Drosophila melanogaster and in the striated and smooth muscle of the oligochaete Eisenia foetida.
abstract: The presence and distribution of titin-like proteins have been examined in transversely striated muscle of Drosophila melanogaster, in obliquely striated muscles (body wall and inner muscular layer of the pseudoheart) and smooth muscle (outer muscular layer of the pseudoheart) from the earthworm Eisenia foetida by means of Western blotting analysis, light microscopy immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy immunogold labeling, using antibodies anti vertebrate (chicken) titin (3,000 kDa) and arthropod (D. melanogaster) mini-titin (twitchin or projectin) (700 kDa). To determine whether these antibodies immunoreact non-specifically against vertebrate titin, mouse skeletal muscle was also studied. As negative control, mouse smooth muscle was used. Immunoreaction to mini-titin was found in all the invertebrate muscles studied. For each of these muscles, Western blotting analysis of mini-titin showed a single band, at approximately 700 kDa. Electron microscopy immunolabeling to this protein was observed along the whole sarcomere length (A bands and I bands) in both transversely striated muscles of the insect and obliquely striated muscles of the earthworm, although the number of immunogold particles was more abundant in the insect muscles. Mini-titin immunolabeling was also observed in the smooth muscle cells that formed the outer layer of the earthworm pseudoheart although in lower amounts than in the obliquely striated muscle. The absence of true sarcomeres in the smooth muscle cells did not permit to determine the extension of mini-titin immunolabeling. No immunoreaction to this protein was found in the striated and smooth muscles of the mouse. Immunoreaction to titin was only observed in the mouse skeletal muscle, in which both A bands and I bands appeared immunolabeled. Present results show that mini-titin in the invertebrate muscles studied differs immunohistochemically from vertebrate titin and, in contrast with titin, mini-titin is also present in invertebrate smooth muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Royuela
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fraile
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: De Miguel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paniagua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D064211:Connectin; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D064211:Connectin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases