title: Preoperative acute hypervolemic hemodilution with hydroxyethylstarch: an alternative to acute normovolemic hemodilution?
abstract: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) may help to reduce demand for homologous blood but requires extra time and apparatus. A more simple procedure is acute hypervolemic hemodilution (HHD), where hydroxyethylstarch is administered preoperatively without removal of blood. In a prospectively randomized study we compared ANH (preoperatively 15 mL/kg autologous blood removal and replacement with 15 mL/kg of hydroxyethylstarch with HHD (15 mL/kg of hydroxyethylstarch administered preoperatively) in 49 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. To avoid excessive intravascular volume, we used the vasodilating effect of isoflurane. No significant differences were found between groups (ANH, n = 23; HHD, n = 26) for intraoperative blood loss (ANH versus HHD, median [minimum-maximum]); 545 [295-785] mL versus 520 [315-825] mL) and postoperative blood loss (730 [525-945] mL versus 780 [495-895] mL), postoperative hemoglobin, hemotocrit, platelet count or coagulation variables, and transfusion requirements (ANH 43% versus HHD 35% of patients received homologous blood) (P > 0.05). Heart rate did not change significantly in either group. In the ANH group mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) decreased after hemodilution (P < 0.05) while in the HHD group MAP did not change over time. Mean time required to perform ANH was 58 (46-62) min versus HHD 16 (12-19) min (P < 0.05). Costs for ANH were $63.60 USD and for HHD $32.75 USD (labor costs not included). In orthopedic patients undergoing hip replacement with a predicted blood loss of about 1000 mL, HHD seems to be a simple as well as time- and cost-saving alternative for ANH.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anaesthesiologie, Technische Universität München, Germany. Mielke@hbo.med.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Entholzner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Breinbauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burgkart
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hargasser
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hipp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010976:Platelet Count; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011517:Prothrombin Time
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes