title: Measurement of tendon excursion velocity with colour Doppler imaging: a preliminary study on flexor pollicis longus muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the use of colour Doppler imaging (CDI) for the measurement of maximum and mean tendon velocity. Recent studies showed that CDI, normally used for blood flow examinations, can be used for the imaging of tendons at the hand and wrist region. Although other modalities are available for imaging of the muscle-skeletal system, in vivo measurements of the velocity of tendon excursion are not possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  The flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon of 16 healthy volunteers was measured bilaterally at two levels (wrist and thenar). A splint from the fingers along the proximal lower arm was applied. The thumb was fixed to the splint from the the first phalanx to allow flexion of the interphalangeal (IP) joint only. Pulsed CDI was used for the measurements. The maximum and mean velocities of the FPL tendon were measured at spectrum display mode during continuous voluntary contractions. At least 10 sequential Doppler peaks (cm/s) were recorded at every trial. The measurements were repeated three times. Paired t-test and correlation coefficients were calculated between levels on the same side and the opposite side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between two levels of the same hand and of the opposite hand. As expected, the data revealed variations in the inter-individual tendon velocities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The velocity of the excursion of the FPL tendon can be measured with CDI with good reproducibility. It is expected that velocity measurements can be used in the future for the assessment of other tendons affected by various disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cigali
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Buyruk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Laméris
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mesut
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D013933:Thumb; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014953:Wrist