title: Treating total liquid refusal with backward chaining and fading.
abstract: In this study, we report on a 12-year-old boy with autism, mental retardation, and a history of severe gastrointestinal problems who presented with total liquid and food refusal. Backward chaining was used to shape drinking from a cup, and a fading procedure was used to increase the quantity of water he was required to drink.
authors.affiliation: Neurobehavioral Unit, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hagopian
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amari
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*