title: Screening and analysis of polar pesticides in environmental monitoring programmes by coupled-column liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Screening and analysis of polar pesticides based on coupled-column reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC-LC) and GC- or LC-MS is a powerful tool in the execution of environmental monitoring programmes. This paper presents a unified approach utilising LC-LC screening followed by GC-MS confirmation. As polar pesticides are not generally amenable to GC a widely applicable derivation technique is used. The results demonstrate that the proposed LC and MS techniques are capable of analysing a wide range of polar pesticides down to levels of 0.1 microgram/l (EU limit for drinking water). LC switching techniques for group analysis or individual compounds rely on the reversed-phase retention and the UV detectability of the pesticides in combination with the choice of the LC columns. Fast miniaturised derivatization prior to GC-MS forms an integral part in the proposed strategy. In order to avoid extraction losses, derivation in the aqueous sample, preferably with electrophoric reagents with enhanced sensitivity in GC-NICI-MS are employed where possible. In this communication, method development and validation fitting in the strategy are evaluated and the results of the combined approach are discussed.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hogendoorn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoogerbrugge
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Meiring
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Zoonen
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical