title: Roles of growth factors in the development of bovine embryos fertilized in vitro and cultured singly in a defined medium.
abstract: Bovine embryos at the 8- or 16-cell stage were cultured singly, or in groups (10-12 embryos), in the presence or absence of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) in a defined medium which was used as a basic culture medium. A higher (P < 0.05) proportion of 8-cell embryos (48.3-50.8%) cultured singly developed beyond the 8-cell stage after the addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB (1 ng mL-1) only, or with PDGF-AB + basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 1 ng ml-1) + transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 beta 2 (1 ng mL-1) than in basic medium alone (30.3%). In contrast, a significantly (P < 0.02) higher percentage (62.6-65.8%) of 16-cell embryos developed to the morula stage after the addition of TGF-beta 1 beta 2 only, or the addition of TGF-beta 1 beta 2 + bFGF + PDGF-AB than in basic medium alone (30.2%). These proportions were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the proportions obtained when embryos were cultured in groups, but were significantly (P < 0.005) lower than the proportions obtained when embryos were cultured in groups on BOEC monolayers. Arachidonic acid (50 ng mL-1), beta-mercaptoethanol (10 microM) and glutathione (10-1000 microM) stimulated the development of 8-cell embryos in the presence of PDGF and TGF-beta 1 beta 2; blastocyst formation was observed for the first time in 8-cell embryos cultured singly in the presence of these embryotrophic substances (2.2-6.2%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, LSU-Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge 70808-4124, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hansel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006133:Growth Substances; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D005978:Glutathione