title: Somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the posterior pharynx to stimulation of the median nerve and cauda equina.
abstract: Somatosensory evoked potentials (ppSEPs) in response to stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist and the cauda equina at the epidural space (the L4 level) were recorded from the posterior wall of the pharynx in 15 patients who underwent spinal surgery under general anesthesia, using disc electrodes attached to the endotracheal tube, and compared with segmental spinal cord potentials (seg-SCPs) that were recorded simultaneously from the posterior epidural space (PES). ppSEPs consisted of the initially positive spike (P9) followed by slow positive (P13) and negative (N22) waves. The P13 and N22 of ppSEPs had phase reversal relationship with the P2 and N2 recorded from the PES, respectively. The peak latencies of P9 (9.40 +/- 0.7 ms) (mean +/- SD), P13 (13.1 +/- 0.9 ms), and N22 (22.0 +/- 2.1 ms) of ppSEPs coincided with those of P1, N1 and P2 of seg-SCPs, respectively, ppSEPs were recorded more clearly with a reference electrode on the dorsal surface of the neck than with the reference electrode at the earlobe or back of the hand. The threshold and maximal stimulus intensities were also similar between the ppSEPs and seg-SCPs. Thus, the P9, P13, and N22 components of ppSEPs were thought to have the same origin as the P1, N1 and P2 of seg-SCPs, respectively. Therefore, the P9, P13 and N22 of ppSEPs may reflect incoming volleys through the root, synchronized activities of the interneurons and primary afferent depolarizations (PAD), respectively. ppSEPs in response to cauda equina stimulation showed that the latencies of the two initial components (4.6 +/- 0.4 and 6.4 +/- 0.6 ms) corresponded to those of the SCPs recorded from the PES (4.6 +/- 0.3 and 6.3 +/- 0.5 ms), suggesting that these potentials reflect impulses conducting through the spinal cord, similar to epidurally recorded SCPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamakura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002420:Cauda Equina / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000502:physiology; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology