title: Placental nitric oxide synthase activity and abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the nitric oxide synthase activity in placentas from women with either normal or abnormal Doppler ultrasound umbilical artery flow velocity wave-forms who delivered by elective cesarean.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective observational study involved 16 women admitted either for elective cesarean for standard obstetric indications (with normal umbilical artery Doppler waveform studies, n = 8) or with evidence of fetal or maternal complications of pregnancy (with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies, n = 8). Placental tissue was collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately upon delivery. Following storage at -80C, nitric oxide synthase activity was analyzed by measuring the conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placentas from women with abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms showed significantly lower mean nitric oxide synthase activity than did placentas from women with normal umbilical artery flow velocity wave-forms (Vmax = 11.3 pmol/minute/mg protein versus 22.6 pmol/minute/mg protein).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a statistically significant reduction in nitric oxide synthase activity in placentas from pregnancies with abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gude
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brennecke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase