title: Identification of a multihormone responsive enhancer far upstream from the human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene.
abstract: A 2.4-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment, located 7.1 kb upstream from the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene (t-PA2.4), acts as an enhancer which is activated by glucocorticoids, progesterone, androgens, and mineralocorticoids. Transient expression of t-PA-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter constructs in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells identified a glucocorticoid responsive unit with four functional binding sites for the glucocorticoid receptor, located between bp -7,501 and -7,974. The region from bp -7,145 to -9,578 (t-PA2.4) was found to confer a cooperative induction by dexamethasone and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) to its homologous and a heterologous promoter, irrespective of its orientation. The minimal enhancer, defined by progressive deletion analysis, comprised the region from -7.1 to -8.0 kb (t-PA0.9) and encompassed the glucocorticoid responsive unit and the previously identified RA-responsive element located at -7.3 kb (Bulens, F., Ibañez-Tallon, I., Van Acker, P., De Vriese, A., Nelles, L., Belayew, A., and Collen, D. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7167-7175). The amplitude of the synergistic response to dexamethasone and RA increased by reducing the distance between the enhancer and the proximal t-PA promoter. The synergistic interaction was also observed between the aldosterone and the RA receptors. It is postulated that the t-PA0.9 enhancer might play a role in the hormonal regulation of the expression of human t-PA in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bulens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merchiers
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ibañez-Tallon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Vriese
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelles
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belayew
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collen
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000502:physiology; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000502:physiology; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014212:Tretinoin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator