title: Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical course of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women hospitalized with PID at an urban hospital serving a population at high risk for HIV were studied cross-sectionally. Data abstracted from medical records of 349 women, admitted between July 1992 and April 1994 were linked anonymously to HIV serology. Main outcome measures were length of hospital stay, prolonged fever, tubo-ovarian abscess, surgery, and change in antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 349 women with PID, 27 were HIV-positive. These HIV-positive women had lower mean white blood cell counts at admission (7411 versus 11,266, P < .01), lower mean lymphocyte counts (1411 versus 1928, P < .01), greater febrile morbidity (54 versus 28.3%, P < .01), and longer hospital stays (10.5 versus 6.4 days, P < .01) than HIV-negative women. Women who were HIV-positive required more time for defervescence and needed to change their antibiotic regimen more frequently (41 versus 12.7%, P < .01); differences in tubo-ovarian abscesses (19 versus 14%, P = .52) or surgery (15 versus 6.2%, P = .10) were not significant. The differences in hospital course between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were modest, and they were resolved largely by the fourth or fifth hospital day. All HIV-positive women were treated successfully with first- or second-line antibiotic regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite more severe initial presentation and a prolonged hospital course, HIV-positive women with PID, but without other acute illnesses, were treated successfully with standard therapeutic regimens. These observations support current recommendations for hospitalization of HIV-positive women with PID and treatment according to current standards.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macasaet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duerr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy