title: Systemic adverse reactions in young Simmental calves following administration of a combination vaccine.
abstract: Combination vaccines containing viral and bacterial antigens are commonly used in veterinary practice and have been associated with adverse reactions. A group of young Simmental calves developed fever and depression following administration of a mixed vaccine, and 1 died with pulmonary edema, suggesting that endotoxins or other bacterial components may interact synergistically with some adjuvants to cause an enhanced pathologic inflammatory response in some individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D014765:Viral Vaccines