title: Feasibility study of multileaf collimated electrons with a scattering foil based accelerator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an ever evolving process to improve the technical aspects of electron beam delivery. Both the foil/applicator and scanning electron beam systems have gone through recent upheavals. Concomitantly, multileaf collimators are now a staple method for collimating photons. We undertook a study of multileaf collimated electron beam (MLCEB) using a dual scattering foil system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared MLCEB with applicator collimated electron beams (AEB) by examining the dosimetric aspects of the two systems using 70 and 80 cm SSDs for the MLCEB, the minimum practical SSDs achievable. Percent depth dose, isodose profiles, output factors, leakage, surface dose, bremstrahlung, effective SSDs, etc. were measured using film and/or ion chamber. Clinical fields, such as posterior neck node (PNN), were compared. We also investigated the use of MLCEB for arc therapy using segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, the MLCEB performed inferior, as judged by isodoses, uniformity index (UI) and penumbra analysis. The 80 cm SSD (minimum for PNN), low energy, small fields, was the worst case. For a 6 MeV beam, the UI/penumbra was 0.823/10 mm for the AEB, and 0.561/29 mm for the MLCEB at 80 cm SSD. The PNN multileaf fields exhibited narrow 90% and 80% isodose lines, and wide 20% and 10% lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that multileaf for PNN fields could not be matched to adjacent off-cord photon fields. The "stair-stepping' effect associated with MLC photons was absent for electrons.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Radiation Oncology Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. i:klein-ee@castor.wustl.edu
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D004583:Electrons; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000295:instrumentation*