title: Attitude and peer cross pressure: adolescent drug and alcohol use.
abstract: This research uses the concept of cross pressures, a concept created to explain political behavior, to predict the frequency of adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and drug use. Using a population of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders from 207 Michigan public school districts, respondents reported their frequency of alcohol, cigarette, and drug use for thirty days and one year prior to the survey. They also reported their perception of friends' approval/disapproval of substance use, peer pressure to use, and their assessment of risk of use. Cross pressure patterns are created from these three variables and used to predict frequency of substance use. In addition to descriptive data and associations between independent and dependent variables, the findings show the patterns and extent of cross pressures to be highly predictive of frequency of substance use. The implications for understanding adolescent substance use and for educational programs are noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo 49008-5189, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010379:Peer Group; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012925:Social Conformity; D012932:Social Facilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs