title: The interaction of adhesive systems with human dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the interaction of six experimental and commercial bonding systems with dentin in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-Step, Clearfil Liner Bond 2, OptiBond, Permagen with 10% phosphoric acid, Permagen with 35% phosphoric acid, and Prime & Bond were applied in standard Class I occlusal cavities in premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons, combined either with a self-cured or with a light-cured resin composite. The teeth were carefully extracted 5 minutes after resin polymerization and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. After fixation, the specimens were dehydrated, sectioned, and processed for field-emission SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although some systems produced gap-free intact interfaces in specific specimens, all of them showed detachment at the transition between the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone and the fluid resin placed over it. It was apparent that the presence of air-bubbles and/or thick layers of polymerized-filled fluid resin resulted in less frequent separation areas at the resin-dentin interface, providing support for the concept of the elastic cavity wall. It was also confirmed that some dentin adhesive systems do not form a thick layer over the dentin, otherwise the resin composite would not have penetrated the dentin tubules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, U.Z. St. Rafaël, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perdigão
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braem
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yücel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanherle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003094:Collagen; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D016062:Porosity; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: C103506:Bis-GMA, BPDM, HEMA dental-bonding resin; C084544:Clearfil Linerbond System; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; C088316:Optibond Dual Cure; C098570:Permagen Adhesive; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C103500:Prime & Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C078905:Bisfil; C065770:Herculite XR; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D003094:Collagen