title: [Does propofol have advantages over isoflurane for sufentanil supplemented anesthesia in children for strabismus surgery?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the effectivity and the incidence of side effects of sufentanil-supplemented propofol versus isoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  130 children (aged 3-11; ASA I-II) were randomly allocated to one of four groups. In group 1 and 2, anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with 15-20 mg/kg x h propofol and 30% O2 in air (group 1) or 10-15 mg/kg x h propofol in N2O (group 2). After induction with either 2 mg/kg propofol (group 3) or 5 mg/kg thiopentone (group 4), anaesthesia was maintained with 0.8-1.5 Vol% isoflurane and N2O in 30% O2 in these groups. All children were orally premedicated with midazolam and atropine and received a single dose of intravenous sufentanil (0.5 micrograms/kg) and atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) prior to intubation. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and pulse oximetry were registered 5 min prior and after intubation as well as 10 min before and 5 min after extubation. The incidence of pain and involuntary movements during injection, oculocardiac reflex (OCR), laryngospasm and postoperative shivering were as well registered as the duration of the operation and the time of extubation. Episodes of nausea and vomiting were documented during 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIVA with Propofol resulted in a decreased heart rate (p = 0.002) and a higher frequency of OCR (p = 0.01) than thiopentone/isoflurane anaesthesia with a higher sensitivity of children younger than 6 years (p = 0.007) in all groups. There were no differences in extubation time between groups. The overall incidence of nausea (p = 0.002) and vomiting (p = 0.007) was lower in group 1 and 2 when compared to group 3 and 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol as an induction agent of balanced anaesthesia fails to show advantages over thiopentone. During total intravenous anaesthesia propofol increases the risk of bradycardia especially in younger children. However, a significantly lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after TIVA with propofol and sufentanil, irrespective of N2O administration, may be an advantage over isoflurane anaesthesia in paediatric patients after strabismus surgery.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Anästhesiologie, Universitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Standl
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D015742:Propofol; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*; D017409:Sufentanil
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D017409:Sufentanil; D007530:Isoflurane; D015742:Propofol