Oral conditions related to use of the lip plug (ndonya) among the Makonde tribe in Tanzania.
A series of cases of use of lip plugs (ndonya) are reported for members of the Makonde tribe living in southern and eastern Tanzania, and examples of damaged caused by this custom to the oral and dental structures are described.
Aanestad
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Nordic Dental Clinic, Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Poulsen
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D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000150:complications*; D013636:Tanzania; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000209:etiology*; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000209:etiology*