title: The Rel subunit of NF-kappaB-like transcription factors is a positive and negative regulator of macrophage gene expression: distinct roles for Rel in different macrophage populations.
abstract: The role of Rel in the monocyte/macrophage lineage was examined in mice with an inactivated c-rel gene. Although the frequency of monocytic cells was normal in Rel-/- mice, we show that Rel serves distinct roles in regulating gene expression and immune effector function in different mature macrophage populations. Stimulated Rel-/- resident peritoneal macrophages produced higher than normal levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production was not induced. Diminished cytotoxic activity exhibited by resident Rel-/- macrophages was consistent with reduced nitric oxide production resulting from impaired up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. While a similar altered pattern of IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression was observed in stimulated Rel-/- peritoneal effusion macrophages, cytotoxic activity, nitric oxide, GM-CSF and G-CSF production by these cells was normal. The alternate regulation of certain genes in the two macrophage populations coincided with different patterns of nuclear Rel/NF-kappaB complexes expressed in normal resident and elicited cells. Collectively, these results establish that Rel is a positive or negative regulator of transcription in macrophages and that Rel has distinct roles in different macrophage populations.
authors.affiliation: The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grigoriadis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grumont
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Handman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerondakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase