title: Effect of laser pulse repetition rate and pulse duration on mast cell number and degranulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mast cell activation by low-level laser therapy (LLLT), leading to degranulation and the release of mediators, may be one of the mechanisms by which LLLT can accelerate tissue repair in mammals. The objective of this work, part of an investigation to determine the optimum parameters for increasing mast cell number and degranulation in injured skin, was to determine the effect of different pulsing frequencies of LLLT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial-thickness wounds in anaesthetized adult male Wistar rats were irradiated immediately after injury with monochromatic coherent light (wavelength 820 nm) pulsed at either 2.5, 20, 292, or 20,000 Hz at an average power density of 800 mW/cm2 for 27 seconds; the energy density was 21.6 J/cm2. The effects on mast cell number and degranulation were assessed 2 hours post-treatment by counting the numbers of intact and degranulated mast cells in Carnoy-fixed, toluidine blue-stained, sections of irradiated and sham-irradiated wounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of mast cells was increased significantly (P < 0.05) by all the frequencies when compared to the sham-irradiated group, but there was no significant difference between frequencies (P > 0.05). However, although the number of degranulated mast cells was higher in all laser-treated wounds, in comparison with the sham-irradiated group, only the 20 Hz (pulse duration 45 ms) and 292 Hz (pulse duration 3 ms) frequencies were significantly effective (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increase in mast cell number is not pulsing frequency dependent, whereas degranulation is.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Repair Research Unit, U.M.D.S., London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: el Sayed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dyson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar