title: The use of radiologically placed gastrostomy tubes in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients undergoing radiotherapy to the head and neck area frequently experience radiation reactions that can markedly restrict oral intake, require hospitalization, and occasionally cause treatment interruptions. The Vancouver Cancer Center (VCC) has recently employed radiologically placed gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) in the management of this problem. A review of the patients on whom this procedure had been performed is the subject of this review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients had gastrostomy tubes inserted under radiologic guidance. This group is compared to a control group matched for age, sex, irradiated volume, and radiation dose, who did not have gastrostomy tubes. Patients with gastrostomy tubes were divided into two categories: (a) patients who had tubes inserted in anticipation of severe reactions, and (b) patients who developed severe radiation reactions necessitating nutritional support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gastrostomy group consisted of 65% males with an average age of 59 years and stage range of II (12%), III (24%), and IV (65%). In both the elective group and the nonelective group, patients maintained their weight at 95 to 97% of the pretreatment weight, at follow-up of 6 weeks and 3 months. This compared with an average weight loss in the control group of 9% at 6 weeks and 12% at 3 months. The length of hospitalization was a mean of 4.9 days in the elective group and 19 days in the nonelective group. Complication were low compared to those documented in the literature, but included two tube migrations, two aspirations, and one gastrointestinal bleed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that gastrostomy tubes contribute significantly to the management of patients with head and neck cancer, particularly in maintanence of nutrition, and they may decrease the need for hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyldesley
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skarsgard
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hobenshield
mesh_terms: D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies