title: Direct regulation of the Akt proto-oncogene product by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate.
abstract: The regulation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt by lipid products of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) was investigated. Akt activity was found to correlate with the amount of phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4-P2) in vivo, and synthetic PtdIns-3,4-P2 activated Akt both in vitro and in vivo. Binding of PtdIns-3,4-P2 occurred within the Akt pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and facilitated dimerization of Akt. Akt mutated in the PH domain was not activated by PI 3-kinase in vivo or by PtdIns-3, 4-P2 in vitro, and it was impaired in binding to PtdIns-3,4-P2. Examination of the binding to other phosphoinositides revealed that they bound to the Akt PH domain with much lower affinity than did PtdIns-3,4-P2 and failed to increase Akt activity. Thus, Akt is apparently regulated by the direct interaction of PtdIns-3,4-P2 with the Akt PH domain.
authors.affiliation: ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Facility and Development Center (NCI-FCRFDC), Frederick, MD 21702, USA. tfranke@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toker
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D019281:Dimerization; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D017354:Point Mutation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; C060980:phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate