title: Interleukin-10 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists increase during cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 and 6 (IL-8, IL-6) increase during cardiac surgery and caused postoperative cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to investigate changes of suppressive cytokines such as IL-10, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) during cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of cytokines and IL-1ra were measured in 10 patients during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Six blood samples were drawn after inducing anaesthesia. In each sample, serum IL-10, IL-4, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1ra were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentration (19.1 +/- 8.8 pg.ml-1, and 13.4 +/- 5.2 pg.ml-1, preoperatively) increased to 227.5 +/- 191 pg.ml-1 and 81.0 +/- 56 pg.ml-1 at 60 min after declamping aorta (P < 0.01, respectively). Serum IL-10 concentration increased at 60 min after declamping the aorta compared with the preoperative value (from 1.0 +/- 0 pg.ml-1 to 552.0 +/- 158 pg.ml-1 P < 0.001]). Similarly, serum IL-1ra concentration increased from the preoperative value of 1331 +/- 896 pg.ml-1 to 43353 +/- 12812 pg.ml-1 at 60 min after declamping the aorta (P < 0.001). Positive correlations were obtained between IL-10 and IL-8, and between IL-10 and IL-6 (gamma = 0.7, gamma = 0.8, P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines increase to maintain their balance during cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakusawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors