title: On bipolar cell responses in the teleost retina are generated by two distinct mechanisms.
abstract: 1. ON Bipolar cells were recorded in slices obtained from hybrid bass retinas. Cells were identified as bipolar cells by position in the slice, by characteristic voltage- and ligand-gated currents, and by filling with the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. Cells were recorded with the use of either whole cell or perforated-patch techniques. Standard electrophysiological protocols were used. Drugs were applied by puffing and by local superfusion. 2. Application of exogenous glutamate to ON bipolar cells generated two characteristic responses. One effect of glutamate was to open a conductance with a reversal potential close to the chloride equilibrium potential. The other effect of glutamate was to close a conductance with a reversal potential near 0 mV. These two effects of glutamate on ON bipolar cells match the effects of light described previously with the use of intracellular recordings. Thus the effects of glutamate that we report here appear to underlie the rod and cone inputs to these cells. 3. Many of the ON bipolar cells recorded demonstrated both classes of responses to glutamate. To isolate the two responses, 500 microM glutamate was first applied, and then glutamate in the presence of 5 microM 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB). APB specifically blocks the effects of glutamate on the putative roddriven glutamate receptor (the glutamate-elicited conductance decrease), allowing us to study in isolation the effects of glutamate on the cone component, the glutamate-activated chloride current (IGlu). 4. By isolating IGlu as described above, and taking advantage of the fact that amphotericin-perforated-patch recordings limit the diffusion of chloride ions between the patch pipette and the cell body, we found the physiological reversal potential of IGlu to be -58.9 +/- 7.7 (SD) mV. 5. Both the putative rod- and cone-mediated glutamatergic inputs to these bipolar cells could be activated by driving the photoreceptors with puffs of potassium. The currents recorded with this technique were very similar to those seen with direct application of glutamate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D065101:Chloride Channel Agonists; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007546:Isoquinolines; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D065101:Chloride Channel Agonists; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C017475:lucifer yellow; C012729:2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid