How to remain neutral: an experimental analysis of neutralization.
Many patients with obsessive-compulsive problems engage in neutralizing activity to reduce or "cancel out" the effects of the obsession. In many cases, neutralization is covert and therefore difficult to assess or manipulate experimentally. We hypothesize that neutralization resembles overt compulsions. In particular, it was predicted that: (i) neutralization reduces the anxiety evoked by unacceptable thoughts, and (ii) if neutralization is delayed, anxiety and the urge to neutralize will decay naturally. To test the hypothesis, 63 Ss prone to a cognitive bias known to be associated with obsessional complaints (thought-action fusion) were asked to write a sentence that would evoke anxiety. Measures of anxiety (and other variables of interest such as guilt, responsibility and the likelihood of harm) were taken. Subjects were then instructed to either immediately neutralize (n = 29) or delay for 20 min (n = 34), after which time anxiety and urge to neutralize were re-assessed. The Ss who had neutralized were then instructed to delay, and the Ss who had delayed were now instructed to neutralize, after which time the final assessments were taken. The results confirmed the predictions and supported the hypothesis that neutralization resembles overt compulsions. Of note, there were no differences between anxiety reduction after a 20-min delay, and after immediate neutralization. The problems involved in designing and conducting experiments on covert phenomena are discussed, and the clinical implications of the study are considered.
Rachman
S
S
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Shafran
R
R
Mitchell
D
D
Trant
J
J
Teachman
B
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001143:Arousal; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010555:Personality Inventory; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology