title: The influence of age on transfer factor treatment of cellular immunodeficiency, chronic fatigue syndrome and/or chronic viral infections.
abstract: A group of 222 patients suffering from cellular immunodeficiency (CID), frequently combined with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and/or chronic viral infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV), were immunologically investigated and treated with transfer factor (TF). The age range was 17-77 years. In order to elucidate the influence of aging on the course of the disease and on treatment, 3 subgroups were formed: 17-43 years, 44-53 years, and 54-77 years. Six injections of Immodin (commercial preparation of TF by SEVAC, Prague) were given in the course of 8 weeks. When active viral infection was present, IgG injections and vitamins were added. Immunological investigation was performed before the start of therapy, and subsequently according to need, but not later than after 3 months. The percentages of failures to improve clinical status of patients were in the individual subgroups, respectively: 10.6%, 11.5% and 28.9%. The influence of increasing age on the percentage of failures to normalize low numbers of T cells was very evident: 10.6%, 21.2% and 59.6%. In individuals uneffected by therapy, persistent absolute lymphocyte numbers below 1,200 cells were found in 23.1%, 54.5% and 89.3% in the oldest group. Statistical analysis by Pearson's Chi-square test, and the test for linear trend proved that the differences among the individual age groups were significant. Neither sex, nor other factors seemed to influence the results. The results of this pilot study show that age substantially influences the failure rate of CID treatment using TF. In older people, it is easier to improve the clinical condition than CID: this may be related to the diminished number of lymphocytes, however, a placebo effect cannot be totally excluded.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vrubel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekarek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cech
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014165:Transfer Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D014165:Transfer Factor