title: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA (B garinii or B afzelii) in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus tissues of German and Japanese but not of US patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the geographic and genospecific association of Borrelia with morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The association of Borrelia burgdorferi with morphea and LSA has been reported, but is still controversial. We conducted a retrospective survey of Borrelia DNA in skin biopsy specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  The samples were collected from the outpatient clinic of university hospitals and a dermatopathology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin biopsy specimens (19 morphea and 34 LSA) were obtained from patients in the United States, Japan, and Germany. DNA samples were subjected to amplification with polymerase chain reaction for B burgdorferi flagellin gene, and for the genotype-specific detection of B burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five cases of morphea and 2 cases of LSA in Germany and Japan yielded positive signals for B garinii or B afzelii, the European species. None of the American samples were positive for Borrelia polymerase chain reaction. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was not detected in any of the specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphea and LSA in Germany and Japan can be related with European genotypes of Borrelia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mehregan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaumburg-Lever
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schempp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gollnick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000382:microbiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012594:Scleroderma, Localized / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial