title: [Multicenter study of isolated micro-organisms resistant to antimicrobials in 10 Portuguese hospitals in 1994].
abstract: In 1994, Microbiology Laboratories of ten Portuguese hospitals analysed isolated microorganisms found in blood and urine samples and studied antimicrobial susceptibilities of the most frequent bacterial pathogens. From 63780 blood samples, the most frequent were Staphylococcus spp. and from 69189 urine samples significant numbers of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. were isolated. Escherichia coli strains (c.7000) revealed a low percentage of resistance to antibiotics with the exceptions of ampicillin (48%) and co-trimoxazol (25%). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (c.2000) revealed important resistance to ampicillin (98%), cephalotin (31%), co-trimoxazol (38%) and gentamicin (28%), while values for 3rd generation cephalosporins varied among hospitals, with several strains showing phenotype of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. A great variation in resistance values of P. aeruginosa (c.4000) was found in relation to the antibiotics as well as to the hospitals. Resistance to methicillin in S. aureus (c.6000) was high, reaching an average of 47%, and it was even higher with S. epidermidis (c.3000) and S. haemolyticus (c.650). Only vancomycin was always active against these strains. In E. faecalis (c.2500) resistance was of 2% to ampicillin, 35% to gentamicin, 45% to streptomycin and 1% to vancomycin. E. faecium isolates (c.300) showed the most worrying results with 70% resistance to ampicillin, 42% to gentamicin, 59% to streptomycin and 9% (30 strains isolated in 5 hospitals) to vancomycin. Vancomycin resistant strains were also resistant to all other antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cristino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calado
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Calheiros
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diogo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Felicio
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Da Fonseca
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sobral
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toscano
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents