title: Elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy of mupirocin for the elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of mupirocin was studied in a prospectively followed cohort. The effect of this intervention on the rate of S aureus bacteremia was evaluated using a historic control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients on the hemodialysis unit of the University Hospital Rotterdam, a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of consecutive patients on hemodialysis from February 1, 1992, until November 1, 1993. They were screened by taking nasal cultures monthly during their time on hemodialysis. If S aureus was isolated, treatment with mupirocin nasal ointment was initiated. The control group consisted of patients treated on the same hemodialysis unit from January 1, 1990, until January 1, 1992.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group consisted of 226 patients, of whom 172 were evaluated to determine the efficacy of mupirocin. Sixty-seven (39%) were identified as nasal carriers. Following the initial treatment, 66 nasal cultures (98.5%) became negative. After 3 months and 6 months, respectively, 63 (94%) and 61 (91%) of the treated carriers had negative cultures. The rate of bacteremia (defined as the number of episodes of S aureus bacteremia per patient-year on hemodialysis) was significantly lower among the 226 patients in the study group (0.04 per patient-year) than among the 273 patients in the control group (0.25 per patient year, P < .001). Development of resistance and adverse effects were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mupirocin nasal ointment effectively eliminates nasal carriage of S aureus in patients on hemodialysis. This was associated with a significant reduction of the incidence of S aureus bacteremia, as compared to historic controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kluytmans
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Manders
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Bommel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verbrugh
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D009824:Ointments; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009824:Ointments; D016712:Mupirocin