title: Oestrogen treatment for increased bleeding in Norplant users: preliminary results.
abstract: A clinical study was conducted to assess the effects of oestrogen in controlling increased endometrial bleeding problems in the first year of Norplant use. Three treatment groups were studied: (i) 50 micrograms ethinyl oestradiol (EE); (ii) a combined pill containing 30 micrograms EE and 150 micrograms levonorgestrel (LNG); and (iii) placebo. Based on menstrual diary records, women with prolonged, frequent or irregular bleeding, as defined by World Health Organization criteria, were randomly allocated to one treatment for 21 days. A first endometrial biopsy was taken before commencing treatment and a second biopsy at either day 14 or 21 of treatment. Following treatment, all subjects kept a menstrual diary card for 90 days. In this preliminary study, 48 subjects had completed the full 90 day post-treatment record. Within 21 days of EE treatment, the number of bleeding/spotting days was reduced significantly (P < 0.02). In the 90 days following treatment, the administration of EE and EE + LNG significantly decreased the number of bleeding/spotting days (P < 0.05). There was no reduction in the number of bleeding/spotting episodes in the EE and EE + LNG groups, but the length of each bleeding/spotting episode was significantly shorter (P < 0.05). Histopathological findings of endometrium on day 0 revealed consistent progestogenic effects, and there was no apparent change in response by day 14 or 21 of EE or EE + LNG treatment. The results of this study confirm the clinical effectiveness of EE and EE + LNG for the treatment of irregular, frequent and prolonged bleeding in Norplant users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Indonesia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witjaksono
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Affandi
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel