title: The human cytomegalovirus UL97 protein is a protein kinase that autophosphorylates on serines and threonines.
abstract: The product of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL97 gene, which controls ganciclovir phosphorylation in virus-infected cells, is homologous to known protein kinases but diverges from them at a number of positions that are functionally important. To investigate UL97, we raised an antibody against it and overexpressed it in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Recombinant baculovirus expressing full-length UL97 directed the phosphorylation of ganciclovir in insect cells, which was abolished by a four-codon deletion that confers ganciclovir resistance to CMV. When incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, full-length UL97 was phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation was severely impaired by a point mutation that alters lysine-355 in a motif that aligns with subdomain II of protein kinases. However, phosphorylation was impaired much less severely by the four-codon deletion. A UL97 fusion protein expressed from recombinant baculovirus was purified to near homogeneity. It too was phosphorylated upon incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP in vitro. This phosphorylation, which was abolished by the lysine 355 mutation, was optimal at high NaCl and high pH. The activity required either Mn2+ or Mg2+, with a preference for Mn2+, and utilized either ATP or GTP as a phosphate donor, with Kms of 2 and 4 microM, respectively. The phosphorylation rate was first order with protein concentration, consistent with autophosphorylation. These data strongly argue that UL97 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that autophosphorylates and suggest that the four-codon deletion affects its substrate specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohmstede
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Biron
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Coen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000201:enzymology*; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000166:cytology; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D012694:Serine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C075365:ganciclovir kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D015774:Ganciclovir