Calcium and calmodulin are involved in blue light induction of the gsa gene for an early chlorophyll biosynthetic step in Chlamydomonas.
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nuclear gene gsa, which encodes the early chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSAT), is specifically induced by blue light in cells synchronized in a 12-hr-light and 12-hr-dark regime. Light induction required the presence of a nitrogen source in the incubation medium. Maximal induction also required acetate. However, in the absence of acetate, partial induction occurred when Ca2+ was present in the medium at concentrations of > or = 1 microM. The Ca2+ channel-blocking agents Nd3+ and nifedipine partially inhibited the external Ca(2+)-supported induction of GSAT mRNA but did not inhibit acetate-supported induction. The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide inhibited both external Ca(2+)-supported and acetate-supported induction. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 caused a transient induction in the dark. These results suggest that Ca2+ and calmodulin are involved in the signal transduction pathway linking blue light perception to the induction of GSAT mRNA. The electron transport uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone inhibited acetate-supported induction of GSAT mRNA but did not inhibit external Ca(2+)-supported induction. It is proposed that in the presence of acetate, an internal pool of Ca2+ can be mobilized as a second message, whereas in the absence of acetate, internal Ca2+ is not available but the requirement for Ca2+ can be partially met by an external Ca2+ source. The mobilization of internal Ca2+ may require energy derived from metabolism of acetate.
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Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases; D007535:Isomerases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008027:Light; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D009354:Neodymium / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
D000085:Acetates; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002147:Calmodulin; D013449:Sulfonamides; D002734:Chlorophyll; D009354:Neodymium; C017967:W 7; C034700:N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide; D007535:Isomerases; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases; C061049:glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase; D008274:Magnesium; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium