title: Sperm, nuclear, phospholipid, and red blood cell antibodies and isotype RF in infertile couples and patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if measuring of nonorgan-specific autoantibodies is useful for better understanding and management of unexplained infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera were obtained from 70 infertile couples, 57 rheumatic patients, and 76 fertile donors. Sperm antibodies (SA) were detected by the tests of Kibrick and Friberg, anti-histones, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and RF isotypes by ELISA, antinuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence, and anti-red blood cell antibodies by Capture-R.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple autoimmune reactivity (both partners positive and/or more than one type of autoantibody involved), higher than naturally occurring in fertile individuals, was found in 55% of the idiopathically infertile couples. IgA-RF was the dominant autoimmune marker. SA revealed similar rates in patients with rheumatic diseases and in infertiles with or without other autoantibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no single autoimmunity marker could predict occurrence of SA, the coincidence of enhanced polyclonal autoimmunity in both partners of infertile couples might potentiate their negative effect on reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fichorova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nakov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baleva
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikolov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gegova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000276:immunology; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000276:immunology*; D007246:Infertility / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D007106:Immune Sera; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor