title: Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a multifunctional protein. We examined whether it can interact with cellular proteins, thus contributing to viral pathogenesis. Using the HCV core protein as a bait to screen a human liver cDNA library in a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we have isolated several positive clones encoding cellular proteins that interact with the HCV core protein. Interestingly, more than half of these clones encode the cytoplasmic domain of lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LT betaR), which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Their binding was confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase fusion protein binding assay and protein-protein blotting assay to be direct and specific. The binding sites were mapped within a 58-amino-acid region of the cytoplasmic tail of LT betaR. The binding site in the HCV core protein was localized within amino acid residues 36 to 91 from the N terminus, corresponding to the hydrophilic region of the protein. In mammalian cells, the core protein was found to be associated with the membrane-bound LT betaR. Since the LT betaR is involved in germinal center formation and developmental regulation of peripheral lymphoid organs, lymph node development, and apoptotic signaling, the binding of HCV core protein to LT betaR suggests the possibility that this viral protein has an immunomodulating function and may explain the mechanism of viral persistence and pathogenesis of HCV.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-1054, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: VanArsdale
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gorbalenya
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver; D053259:Lymphotoxin beta Receptor; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C505886:LTB protein, human; C505697:LTBR protein, human; D053259:Lymphotoxin beta Receptor; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014758:Viral Core Proteins