title: Halitosis. A common oral problem.
abstract: Halitosis is caused primarily by bacterial putrefaction and the generation of volatile sulfur compounds. Ninety percent of patients suffering from halitosis have oral causes, such as poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, tongue coat, food impaction, unclean dentures, faulty restorations, oral carcinomas, and throat infections. The remaining 10 percent of halitosis sufferers have systemic causes that include renal or hepatic failure, carcinomas, diabetes or trimethylaminuria. Modern analytical and microbiological techniques permit diagnosis of bad breath. Management of halitosis involves maintaining proper oral hygiene, and periodontal treatment, including tongue brushing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, NYU College of Dentistry, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Spielman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bivona
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rifkin
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects; D003778:Dentures / Q000009:adverse effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000150:complications; D008744:Methylamines / Q000652:urine; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000382:microbiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008744:Methylamines; D013455:Sulfur; C023336:trimethylamine