title: Dose-response of flurbiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravenous flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), has been used recently for postoperative pain relief in adults. The drug is also likely to have antiemetic property. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of flurbiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis in children undergoing strabismus surgery, which is well known to produce postoperative nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial, 90 children aged 2-11 yr received saline (control), flurbiprofen 0.5 mg.kg-1, or flurbiprofen 1 mg.kg-1. Saline and flurbiprofen were administered i.v. immediately after induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Postoperative pain was assessed by a blinded observer using an objective pain scale (OPS). No opioids or antiemetics were administered throughout the study. The incidence and frequency of vomiting were compared among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flurbiprofen 1 mg.kg-1 provided lower OPS (highest) scores during the eight hours after surgery and a reduced requirement for postoperative supplementary analgesic (diclofenac suppository) compared with the other two regimens. The two doses of flurbiprofen failed to decrease the incidence and frequency of vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that preoperative flurbiprofen 1 mg.kg-1 iv is a simple and effective approach to postoperative pain relief but not to the prevention of emesis following paediatric strabismus surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obara
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004987:Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000932:Antiemetics; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010919:Placebos; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D009609:Nitrous Oxide