title: Premorbid brain size as a determinant of reserve capacity against intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both the magnitude of brain atrophy and premorbid brain size determine the volume of the brain affected by Alzheimer's disease. To examine the possibility that premorbid brain volume is a determinant of cognitive reserve in patients with Alzheimer's disease, the relation between diffuse brain atrophy and cognitive decline and the impact of premorbid brain size on cognitive decline were studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  By measuring whole brain volume and intracranial volume in 60 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, mild to moderate in severity, with the use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and image processing, the authors studied the impact of premorbid brain volume and magnitude of diffuse brain atrophy on cognitive functions. On the basis of the normative brain-calvarium relationship derived from data an 28 healthy adults and the total intracranial volume measure of each patient, the magnitude of brain atrophy and premorbid brain volume were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After control for the effects of age, sex, and education as confounding factors, it was found that the Alzheimer's disease patients' intelligence was correlated both positively with premorbid brain volume and negatively with magnitude of brain atrophy, while impairments in language and memory were correlated with magnitude of brain atrophy but not with premorbid brain volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings partially support the hypothesis that premorbid brain volume is a determinant of reserves against intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Hyogo Institute for Aging Brain and Cognitive Disorders, Japan. mori@hiabcd.go.jp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikejiri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D014888:Wechsler Scales