title: Apoptosis in human acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After reopening of the infarct-related coronary artery, cardiomyocytes continue to die during reperfusion. The mechanisms of cell death have been subject to debate. We studied whether an apoptotic type of cell death occurs in human acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied myocardial samples of eight patients who died of AMI and had patent infarct-related arteries at autopsy. Six of the patients had received initially successful thrombolysis. Extensive formation of DNA strand breaks, the typical biochemical feature of apoptosis, was detected with the use of the in situ DNA end-labeling method. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were observed particularly in the border zones of histologically infarcted myocardium, whereas very few apoptotic cells were present in the remote noninfarcted myocardium. Internucleosomal fragmentation was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA isolated from the representative myocardial areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that in addition to overt necrosis, a subset of myocytes undergo apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis may provide a new target for cardioprotection during evolving AMI in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saraste
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pulkki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kallajoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parvinen
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Voipio-Pulkki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D001345:Autoradiography; D002102:Cadaver; D004249:DNA Damage; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004586:Electrophoresis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology