title: Effect of early vitamin A supplementation on cell-mediated immunity in infants younger than 6 mo.
abstract: One hundred twenty infants were randomly assigned to receive either 15 mg vitamin A or placebo with each of three DPT/OPV (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus/oral polio vaccine) immunizations at monthly intervals. Sixty-two received vitamin A and 58 received placebo. One month after the third supplementation dose, the response to the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test [multitest cell-mediated immunity (CMI) skin evaluation] for tetanus, diphtheria, and tuberculin (purified protein derivative, PPD) was the same in the vitamin A and placebo infants. The number of anergic infants was 17 (27%) and 19 (33%) in the vitamin A and placebo groups, respectively. The number of positive tests among well-nourished infants was significantly higher than that in malnourished infants irrespective of supplementation (P < 0.001). Among the infants with adequate serum retinol concentrations (> 0.7 mumol/L) after supplementation, the vitamin A-supplemented infants had a significantly higher proportion of positive CMI tests than the placebo infants (chi-square test: 8.99, P = 0.008). Among the infants with low serum retinol concentrations (< 0.7 mumol/L) after supplementation, vitamin A supplementation had no effect on CMI response. These results indicate that CMI in young infants was positively affected by vitamin A supplementation only in those infants whose vitamin A status was adequate (ie, serum retinol > 0.7 mumol/L) at the time of the CMI test. CMI was consistently better in well-nourished infants irrespective of supplementation.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahalanabis
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wahed
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Habte
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D013742:Tetanus / Q000276:immunology; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014373:Tuberculin; D014801:Vitamin A