Pre-clinical evaluation of technetium-99m platelet receptor-binding peptide.
P748 is a dimeric peptide which incorporates two high affinity GPIIb/IIIa receptor-binding domains and a novel 99mTc binding sequence, which provides the platelet imaging agent 99mTc-P748. The aim of this study was to evaluate 99mTc-P748 preclinically for use as a hot spot scintigraphic thrombus imaging agent.


METHODS
Technetium-99m-P748 was prepared by either a ligand exchange or a one-vial kit. The oxorhenium congener, [ReO]P748, was prepared by ligand exchange from Bu4NReOBr4. The binding of P748 peptide and [ReO]P748 to GPIIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets was assessed by their inhibition of ADP stimulated human platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP). The localization of 99mTc-P748 in deep vein and pulmonary thrombi was assessed in a canine thrombosis model and the biodistribution of 99mTc-P748 was determined in rats.


RESULTS
P748 peptide inhibited the aggregation of human platelets in PRP by 50% at a concentration (IC50) of 28 nM and [ReO]P748 had an IC50 of 36 nM showing the high in vitro receptor binding affinity of both the peptide and its rhenium complex (and by analogy its technetium complex). Technetium-99m-P748 was readily prepared at room temperature in 15 min in > or = 90% radiochemical yield and purity and provided definitive images of femoral vein thrombi within 20 min and pulmonary thrombi, within 1 hr in the canine model. Femoral vein thrombus-to-blood and thrombus-to-muscle ratios at 4 hr averaged 6.7 and 46, respectively. Pulmonary thrombus-to-blood and thrombus-to-normal lung ratios at 4 hr averaged 29 and 27, respectively. Dog and rat studies both showed rapid clearance of the radiotracer from the blood and with no significant hepatobiliary excretion but with notable early kidney retention.


CONCLUSIONS
The combination of high in vitro receptor-binding affinity, high thrombus uptake and definitive in vivo images of both femoral vein and pulmonary thrombi show that 99mTc-P748 has considerable potential as a clinical imaging agent for the detection of venous thromboembolism.
Lister-James
J
J
Diatide, Inc., Londonderry, New Hampshire, USA.
Vallabhajosula
S
S
Moyer
B R
BR
Pearson
D A
DA
McBride
B J
BJ
De Rosch
M A
MA
Bush
L R
LR
Machac
J
J
Dean
R T
RT
D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013667:Technetium / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011506:Proteins; D013667:Technetium