title: The human Myt1 kinase preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on threonine 14 and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.
abstract: Entry into mitosis requires the activity of the Cdc2 kinase. Cdc2 associates with the B-type cyclins, and the Cdc2-cyclin B heterodimer is in turn regulated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of threonine 161 is required for the Cdc2-cyclin B complex to be catalytically active, whereas phosphorylation of threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 is inhibitory. Human kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of threonine 161 and tyrosine 15 have been identified. Here we report the isolation of a novel human cDNA encoding a dual-specificity protein kinase (designated Myt1Hu) that preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on threonine 14 in a cyclin-dependent manner. Myt1Hu is 46% identical to Myt1Xe, a kinase recently characterized from Xenopus laevis. Myt1Hu localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex in HeLa cells. A stretch of hydrophobic and uncharged amino acids located outside the catalytic domain of Myt1Hu is the likely membrane-targeting domain, as its deletion results in the localization of Myt1Hu primarily to the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piwnica-Worms
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; D016213:Cyclins / Q000502:physiology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000201:enzymology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C534699:CCNB1 protein, human; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; D016213:Cyclins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C490679:PKMYT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase