title: Prenatal exposure of female rhesus monkeys to testosterone propionate increases serum luteinizing hormone levels in adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether prenatal androgenization of the developing primate hypothalamohypophyseal unit induces irreversible changes in LH secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective nonrandomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one adult ovulatory female rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen female rhesus monkeys exposed prenatally to testosterone propionate (female pseudohermaphrodites) and 24 normal females underwent blood sampling over two ovulatory menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum FSH, LH, E2, and T were determined by RIA; P was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Serum bioactive LH was measured by mouse Leydig cell bioassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tonic immunoactive LH hypersecretion and normal FSH release occurred in female pseudohermaphrodites compared with normal females. Periovulatory immunoactive LH and FSH secretion was similar in both female types, whereas a relative increase in the amount of circulating bioactive LH to immunoactive LH was found at midcycle in female pseudohermaphrodites versus normal females. The length of the follicular phase was unaffected by prenatal androgen exposure, but the slopes of serum T and E2 concentrations versus follicular phase cycle day were significantly lower in female pseudohermaphrodites than normal females. Luteal phase length and P secretion were comparable in both types of females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Androgen exposure during primate neural differentiation may alter permanently the pattern of LH secretion in the presence of cyclic gonadotropin release.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, Madison, USA. ddumesic@mayo.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dumesic
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eisner
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Goy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone