title: Reliability and validity of the Faces and Word Descriptor Scales to measure procedural pain.
abstract: Reliability and validity of the Faces and Word Descriptor Scales to measure pain in verbal children undergoing painful procedures were assessed. Test-retest reliability and construct and discriminant validity were supported for both instruments among a sample of 118 children in three age groups (3-7, 8-12, 13-18). Construct validity was determined by comparisons with a visual analogue scale and a numerical scale with known validity. A majority of the children preferred to use the Faces scale when providing self-report of pain regardless of age. The Faces and Word Descriptor Scales are valid and reliable instruments to measure procedural pain intensity.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gerkensmeyer
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001296:Audiovisual Aids / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000592:standards*; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D015203:Reproducibility of Results