title: Comparison of phenobarbitone, phenytoin with sodium valproate: randomized, double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and side effects of phenobarbitone (PB), phenytoin (PHT) and sodium valproate (SVP) in controlling generalized tonic-clonic convulsions (GTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out-Patients in a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  151 children with GTC, aged 4-12 yrs, from Madras city were enrolled. At the end of 2 yrs, 127 children remained in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each child was given one active drug and 2 placebo tablets. Clinical, hematological and biochemical evaluations were done every month. Serum drug levels were assessed periodically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recurrence of convulsion and side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of children with recurrence did not differ among the 3 groups. More than one side effect was observed in 16 (32%) children on PB, 20 (40%) children on PHT and 9 (19%) children on SVP and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hyperactivity was the major side effect of PB, observed in 22% of children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All 3 drugs were equally effective in controlling seizures. Side effects were minimal with SVP followed by PB. Though side effects were more frequent with PHT, most of them disappeared on adjusting drug dosage. Least expensive phenobarbitone may be preferred as the first drug of choice but, only for pre-school children. SVP is advised for school going children.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thilothammal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ratnam
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D010634:Phenobarbital