A regenerative link in the ionic fluxes through the weaver potassium channel underlies the pathophysiology of the mutation.
The homozygous weaver mouse displays neuronal degeneration in several brain regions. Previous experiments in heterologous expression systems showed that the G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ channel (GIRK2) bearing the weaver pore-region GYG-to-SYG mutation (i) is not activated by G beta gamma subunits, but instead shows constitutive activation, and (ii) is no longer a K(+)-selective channel but conducts Na+ as well. The present experiments on weaverGIRK2 (wvGIRK2) expressed in Xenopus oocytes show that the level of constitutive activation depends on intracellular Na+ concentration. In particular, manipulations that decrease intracellular Na+ produce a component of Na(+)-permeable current activated via a G protein pathway. Therefore, constitutive activation may not arise because the weaver mutation directly alters the gating transitions of the channel protein. Instead, there may be a regenerative cycle of Na+ influx through the wvGIRK2 channel, leading to additional Na+ activation. We also show that the wvGIRK2 channel is permeable to Ca2+, providing an additional mechanism for the degeneration that characterizes the weaver phenotype. We further demonstrate that the GIRK4 channel bearing the analogous weaver mutation has properties similar to those of the wvGIRK2 channel, providing a glimpse of the selective pressures that have maintained the GYG sequence in nearly all known K+ channels.
Silverman
S K
SK
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
Kofuji
P
P
Dougherty
D A
DA
Davidson
N
N
Lester
H A
HA
D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D008536:Meglumine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013873:Thionucleotides; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D013873:Thionucleotides; D010042:Ouabain; D008536:Meglumine; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose; D000109:Acetylcholine