title: Endometrial vasculature in Norplant users: preliminary results from a hysteroscopic study.
abstract: Long-acting progestogenic contraceptives are frequently associated with disturbances of menstrual bleeding patterns. In particular, irregular, frequent and prolonged bleeding are commonly seen. The mechanism of this irregular bleeding is unknown, but changes in the endometrial vasculature are thought to be of importance. In endometrial biopsies from Norplant users, an increase in endometrial microvascular density has been observed after 3-12 months. Morphological changes in endometrial capillaries following progestogen exposure have suggested an increase in vascular fragility. Little is known about the structure and function of the endometrial vasculature in vivo following exposure to exogenous contraceptive steroids. This study has developed techniques for the assessment of vascular fragility by imposing a mechanical stress on the endometrium and observing subsequent bleeding under direct vision. The techniques were used in a preliminary examination between 1 and 9 months after Norplant insertion, and the study identified a number of morphological and functional characteristics of Norplant-exposed endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dwarte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004343:Drug Implants; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D016912:Levonorgestrel