title: Reduction of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in asthmatic children. A 2-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the long-term maintenance of a previously reported behavioral counseling intervention to reduce asthmatic children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Families of asthmatic children (6 to 17 years), including at least one parent who smoked in the home, recruited from four pediatric allergy clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to one of three groups: behavioral counseling to reduce ETS exposure, self-monitoring control, and usual medical care control. Counseling concluded at month 6, and the original trial ended at month 12. Two follow-up interviews occurred at months 20 and 30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The originally reported analysis of baseline to 12 months was reanalyzed with a more robust restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The 2-year follow-up period was analyzed similarly. Significantly greater change occurred in the counseling group than the control groups and was sustained throughout the 2 years of follow-up. Further exploratory analyses suggested that printed counseling materials given to all participants at month 12 (conclusion of the original study) were associated with decreased exposure in the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such long-term maintenance of behavior change is highly unusual in the general behavioral science literature, let alone for addictive behaviors. We conclude that ETS exposure can be reduced and that a clinician-delivered treatment may provide substantial benefit.
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hovell
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zakarian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002648:Child; D003376:Counseling; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution