title: Identification of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections by a marker associated with rheumatic fever.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' goal was to determine whether a trait marker of rheumatic fever susceptibility (labeled D8/17) could identify children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders (obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders) associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples obtained from 27 children with PANDAS, nine children with Sydenham's chorea, and 24 healthy children were evaluated for D8/17 reactivity. Individuals were defined as D8/17 positive if they had 12% or more D8/17+ cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of D8/17-positive individuals was significantly higher in both patient groups than it was among the healthy volunteers: 85% of the children with PANDAS and 89% of the children with Sydenham's chorea, compared with 17% of the healthy children, were D8/17 positive. Further, the mean number of D8/17+ cells was similar in the two patient groups and was significantly higher in these groups than in the group of healthy children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there may be a subgroup of D8/17-positive children who present with clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome, rather than Sydenham's chorea, but who have similar poststreptococcal autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Section on Behavioral Pediatrics, Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1381, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Swedo
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zabriskie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002819:Chorea / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens