title: Killer factor interference in mixed opportunistic yeast cultures.
abstract: The interaction of the killer yeast Pichia anomala UP 25F with the killer toxin-sensitive clinical isolate Candida albicans UCSC 10S and its natural toxin-resistant mutant derivative C. albicans UCSC 10R were studied under various conditions. A differential inhibition was shown to occur in vitro at pH and temperature values, which are not encountered in vivo, only by using preformed killer toxin, since antagonism due to yeast growth proved to be predominant on the killer effect. Under adverse growth conditions, the P. anomala killer yeast proved to be able to produce an anatoxin antigenically related to the active or heat inactivated killer toxin. These findings suggest that killer toxins may not function as potential virulence factors in the competition between the opportunistic killer yeast P. anomala and sensitive microorganisms for colonization in the course of natural human infections.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerloni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fisicaro
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Magliani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertolotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mozzoni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polonelli
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000276:immunology; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D010843:Pichia / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D000992:Antitoxins; D014118:Toxins, Biological