title: Of community, organs and obligations: routine salvage with a twist.
abstract: This paper makes the assumption that organ transplantation is, under some conditions at least, a proper use of communal medical resources. Proceeding from this assumption, the author: (1) sketches the history of the problem; (2) briefly examines the prevalent models of communal structure and offers an alternate version; (3) discusses notions of justice and obligation derived from these different models; (4) applies these to the practice of harvesting organs for transplantation; and then (5) offers a different process for harvesting organs from the newly dead. If community is viewed as united by a set of shred goals and common values among which the value of community itself is important, then certain reciprocal obligations among members obtain. I suggest that routine salvage of organs from the newly dead be instituted but that it be routine salvage "with a twist": rather early in life all members of the community are given the opportunity to refuse but their refusal carries the reciprocal condition that they cannot later become the recipients of that which they refuse to others.
authors.affiliation: Bioethics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Loewy
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D018594:Human Body; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D028681:Moral Obligations; D009014:Morals; D026706:Paternalism; D018579:Patient Selection; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012935:Social Justice; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012945:Social Values; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement