title: Investigation of 100 consecutive negative cone biopsies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the reasons for cone biopsies reported as not containing intraepithelial or invasive malignancy and thereby find ways to decrease their incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred cone biopsies reported as negative were identified out of a total of 436 consecutive cone biopsies. The patients' cytology, colposcopy and histology reports and cytology and histology slides were reviewed. Further opinions in cases of doubt were obtained in cytology and histology. In cone biopsies still considered negative after reviews, deeper levels were cut, exhausting all paraffin blocks. Follow up cytology, colposcopy and histology were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gynaecological oncology unit in a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After re-evaluation the final diagnoses of cone biopsies initially reported as negative were positive (n = 21), unsatisfactory (n = 27) and true negative (n = 51), with one case excluded because of insufficient material for review. The positive cases were diagnosed on review (n = 11) or extra levels (n = 10). The unsatisfactory cases were all due to denudation. The 51 true negative cases were divided into those which never had had histologic confirmation by punch biopsy or endocervical curettage (n = 47) and those with a previously confirmed histological abnormality (n = 4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of negative cone biopsies can be reduced by: 1. taking Pap smears after correction of atrophy and inflammation; 2. more scrupulous colposcopy aimed at reducing the number of unsatisfactory colposcopies or misinterpreted colposcopic findings; this through examination should include the vagina and vulva; 3. confirmation of smear and colposcopic findings by biopsy prior to cold-knife conisation and performing a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) for cases where there is a discrepancy between the smear abnormality and colposcopy/biopsy findings; 4. good quality cone biopsies using a technique that does not handle the mucosa and is performed after the mucosa has had time to regenerate following the colposcopic investigations; and 5. exhausting all blocks with multiple levels before reporting a cone biopsy as negative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Mercy Hospital for Women, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golbang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scurry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Planner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pyman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davoren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000592:standards; D003127:Colposcopy; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears