title: Milk type during mixed feeding: contribution to serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in late infancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the contribution of the type of milk on serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in infants receiving mixed feeding, we analyzed 3-day dietary records and serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition of 397 seven-month-old infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The infants received, in addition to solid food, only one type of milk: human milk (n = 218), a ready-to-use liquid formula (n = 139), a powdered formula (n = 33), or soy formula (n = 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean fat intakes were low and varied from 28% to 31% of energy; the milks provided 43% to 64% of the fat. The mean polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios of solid foods were from 0.52 to 0.63 and of milks from 0.20 to 0.45. Breast-fed infants' relative serum linoleic acid (18:2n-6) concentration was low (51.2%), whereas infants fed liquid formula had low serum oleic acid (18:1n-9) in accordance with low oleic acid content in that formula. The breast-fed infants had markedly higher serum concentrations of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) than the infants fed any of the formulas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The typical fatty acid patterns of breast- or formula-fed infants were still evident in 7-month-old infants who already received 60% to 70% of their energy from solid food. Marked differences were seen also in the relative concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid despite their small contribution in cholesterol esters.
authors.affiliation: Cardiorespiratory Research Unit and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ronnemaa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamalainen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valimaki
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids