title: [Causative role of infections with viruses or atypical pathogens in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis less frequent than expected].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of viruses and atypical pathogens as causes of acute severe exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 4 studies with 305 patients with severe type-1 exacerbations (increase of dyspnoea, of sputum volume and of sputum purulence) serological tests for viral and atypical pathogens were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive serology for viral infections was seen in 18 (5.9%) patients and for the atypical pathogens in 12 (3.9%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since viruses and atypical pathogens are the cause of the exacerbation in only few cases, clinical signs can be used in decision-making whether or not to prescribe antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis, Utrecht, Afd. Interne Geneeskunde, onderafd, Infectieziekten en AIDS.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Roessingh
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hoepelman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents