title: "I'm all right, John": voting patterns and mortality in England and Wales, 1981-92.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between voting patterns, deprivation, and mortality across England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the electoral constituencies of England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined and sex specific standardised mortality ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the years surrounding the three elections of 1983, 1987, and 1992 overall standardised mortality ratios showed substantial negative correlations of -0.74 to -0.76 with Conservative voting and substantial positive correlations of 0.73 to 0.77 with Labour voting (all P < 0.0001). Correlations were higher for male than female mortality. Conservative voting was strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.84) with the Townsend deprivation score, while Labour voting was positively correlated (r = 0.74) with this. Labour and Conservative voting explained more of the variance in mortality than did the Townsend score. In multiple regression analyses for the 1992 election Labour voting (P < 0.0001), Conservative voting (P < 0.0001), the Townsend score (P = 0.016), and abstentions (P = 0.032) were all associated with mortality. Labour and conservative voting explained 61% of the variance in mortality between constituencies; when Townsend score and abstentions were added this increased to 63%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative and Labour voting are at least as strongly associated with mortality as is a standard deprivation index. Voting patterns may add information above that provided by indicators of material deprivation. People living in better circumstances and who have better health, who are least likely to require unemployment benefit and free school meals or to rely on a state pension in old age, and who are most able to opt out of state subsidised provision of transport, education, and the NHS, vote for the party that is most likely to dismantle the welfare state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dorling
mesh_terms: D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011057:Politics; D011203:Poverty; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology