title: Delayed adjuvant therapy with the 21-aminosteroid U74006F and the anion channel blocker L644-711 does not improve outcome following thrombolytic therapy in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both the 21-aminosteroid U74006F, a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, and L644-711, an anion channel blocker that inhibits both neutrophil and astrocyte function, have been previously shown to reduce brain injury in pretreatment paradigms of cerebral ischemia. It was therefore of interest to examine the effect of these agents in combination, when given on a delayed basis as adjuvants to thrombolytic therapy in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were mechanically ventilated and arterial blood gases controlled. Core and brain temperature, intracranial pressure, and mean arterial pressure were continuously monitored. Regional cerebral blood flow and hematocrit were measured hourly. Blood samples were taken to measure neutrophil (aggregation and chemiluminescence) and platelet (aggregation) activity. Following delivery of an autologous clot via the carotid artery, all experiments were continued for an 8-hour period. U74006F (3 mg/kg I.V.) and L644,711 (12 mg/kg I.V.) or their vehicle control (n = 8, each group) were given 3.5 hours following autologous clot embolization. Both groups received tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (6.3 mg/kg I.V.), beginning 4 hours following thromboembolic stroke and continuing over a 2-hour infusion period. Infarct size was determined following staining and image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the L644,711/U74006F group, neutrophil chemiluminescence was reduced following drug therapy; however, there were no significant differences between groups regarding infarct size (50.3 +/- 8.7 vs. 49.9 +/- 10.6, treatment vs. t-PA control, mean +/- SEM), or in regional cerebral blood flow or intracranial pressure over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that prolonged (3.5 hours) delay of the initiation of therapy with the anion channel blocker L644,711 and the 21-aminosteroid U74006F fails to further reduce brain injury when given in combination with tissue plasminogen activator in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kimelberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raymond-Russell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bednar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D005449:Fluorenes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011281:Pregnatrienes; C053396:L 644711; C053355:tirilazad