title: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein release in whole blood ex vivo: strong induction by lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: In this study, the release of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), which is stored in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), was analyzed in a whole blood ex vivo system. Of the microbial products tested, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) most potently induced BPI release; FMLP, serum-treated zymosan (STZ), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) also induced BPI release. In addition, the inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha potently activated PMNL in whole blood, via TNF receptor p55, to release BPI, whereas interleukin (IL)-1, IL-8, platelet activating factor, and C5a were poor inducers of BPI release. STZ and phorbol myristate acetate, but not LPS, FMLP, or LTA, stimulated isolated PMNL to release BPI. BPI was released in comparable magnitude with the azurophilic granule protein elastase. Furthermore, both proteins were released with similar kinetics, which started within 30 min after onset of stimulation and lasted 1-4 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dentener
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Francot
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tool
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Buurman
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D015936:Complement C5a; D015054:Zymosan; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase