title: Trypanosoma cruzi is a potent inducer of interleukin-12 production in macrophages.
abstract: Cytokines produced after infection with Trypanosoma cruzi have been shown to be crucial in the determination of resistance or susceptibility. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is the predominant cytokine produced after infection and has been shown to protect susceptible mice from infection. IFN-gamma production by natural killer cells and T cells is induced by interleukin-12 (IL-12). Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the ability of T. cruzi to induce IL-12 production. Spleen cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages incubated with T. cruzi trypomastigotes induced high amounts of IL-12p40 mRNA as shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was less efficient in inducing IL-12p40-specific mRNA. Furthermore, biologically active IL-12, detected by the capacity of the supernatant of infected macrophages to induce IFN-gamma production in spleen cells, was produced at very high levels. In comparison, macrophages stimulated with LPS secreted drastically less IL-12. Interestingly, only live, UV- or gamma-irradiated trypanosomes, but not heat-killed parasites or lysates, were functional in this respect. In a kinetic study, in the supernatant obtained from cultures of infected macrophages, IL-12 was already detectable at 2 h after infection, peaked at 32 h and declined after 45 h.
authors.affiliation: Bernhard Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frosch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12