title: The in vitro development of mouse embryos beyond the blastocyst stage into the hatching and outgrowth stage using different energy sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of male and female serum supplementation on the in vitro development of mouse embryos beyond the blastocyst stage until the outgrowth stage since the latter may be related to the nidation of the embryo. We also studied the effect of EGF addition on embryo culture and blastocyst outgrowth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blastocyst and hatching rates of two-cell mouse embryos cultured in Ham's F-10 + BSA, Ham's F-10 + male serum, or Ham's F-10 + female serum were found to be comparable (P > 0.05). The outgrowth rate of hatched blastocysts was significantly increased, though, when they were transferred to 50% male serum compared to either 50% BSA or 50% female serum (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In the last experiment, either 100 or 150 ng/ml EGF was added to the culture medium from the two-cell stage till blastocyst development and the latter were cultured till outgrowth in 50% BSA, male serum, or female serum. For both concentrations of EGF, the outgrowth rate was significantly higher in male serum compared to the other conditions (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The outgrowth rate was also higher when EGF was used compared to plain medium before transferring the blastocysts to either male or female serum (P < 0.01 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the development of embryos to the outgrowth stage is significantly enhanced by male serum. The addition of EGF from the two-cell stage also significantly improves the outgrowth success rate for both male and female serum conditions.
authors.affiliation: Alexandra Maternity Hospital, 1st Department of Ob/Gyn, Athens University Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drakakis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loutradis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milingos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bletsa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallianidis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michalas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aravantinos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor