title: A murine model of prenatal cocaine exposure: effects on the mother and the fetus.
abstract: To develop and characterize a murine model for investigating the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, the present study established the route of drug administration and the doses to be used for pregnant C57BL/6 mice. Comparison of the effects of a high dose of cocaine (60 mg/kg) when gavaged or injected subcutaneously (SC) established patterns of pathology characteristic of administration route but no dominating logic for selecting one over the other route for prenatal studies; however, because of the fourfold greater brain levels, with no evidence of greater pathology, the SC route was selected. When injected daily during gestation days 12-18, the period of prenatal development of dopamine systems, cocaine at doses producing plasma concentrations consistent with its stimulatory effects reduced food ingestion and weight gains during pregnancy and fetal body and brain weights at term. The extent of these reductions was comparable to reports on babies exposed to cocaine prenatally. Furthermore, the present study suggests that maternal undernutrition is not a likely mediator of these perinatal effects and that differences in the amount of cocaine exposure may cause the contrasting effects of maternal cocaine noted in the human literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-0742, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Middaugh
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Boggan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bingel
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine