title: Sequential ciprofloxacin therapy in pediatric cystic fibrosis: comparative study vs. ceftazidime/tobramycin in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations. The Cystic Fibrosis Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystic fibrosis patients have chronic bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although controversial, administration of antibiotic therapy during acute pulmonary exacerbations is standard practice. Fluoroquinolones are currently not indicated for use in young children because of the observation of arthropathy and damage to growing cartilage in beagle puppies. Because of its activity against P. aeruginosa and excellent oral bioavailability, ciprofloxacin offers a unique therapeutic alternative for this patient population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This prospective, randomized, double blind study compared the efficacy and safety of sequential intravenous/oral ciprofloxacin vs. ceftazidime/tobramycin in hospitalized pediatric cystic fibrosis patients with an acute pulmonary exacerbation associated with P. aeruginosa infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty patients (ages 5 to 17 years) were randomized to receive either i.v. ciprofloxacin 10 mg/kg every 8 h for 7 days followed by oral ciprofloxacin 20 mg/kg every 12 h for a minimum of 3 days or i.v. ceftazidime 50 mg/kg every 8 h plus i.v. tobramycin 3 mg/kg every 8 h for a minimum of 10 days. Clinical, bacteriologic and safety responses were assessed throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 84 patients (median age, 11 years; range, 5 to 17 years) valid for efficacy in both treatment groups demonstrated clinical improvement. Five patients experienced clinical relapses (3 ciprofloxacin, 2 ceftazidime/tobramycin) by the 2- to 4-week follow-up. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated similar clinical findings between the two treatment groups at both the end of therapy and follow-up. Clinical improvement correlated with improvement in pulmonary function studies and the acute clinical scoring system but not with bacteriologic eradication of Pseudomonas. DNA profiles demonstrated that irrespective of colony morphology, usually one clonal strain was associated with each patient's pulmonary exacerbation. Treatment-associated musculoskeletal events occurred with equal frequency (22% vs. 21%) in both study drug groups (n = 129), and arthralgias were within the range of rates for cystic fibrosis arthropathy. None of these events required study drug discontinuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential i.v./oral ciprofloxacin monotherapy offers a safe and efficacious alternative to standard parenteral therapy for acute pulmonary exacerbations in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kanga
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Spohn
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Thurberg
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Haverstock
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Perroncel
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Echols
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002442:Ceftazidime; D014031:Tobramycin