title: Trading treatment toxicity for survival in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how patients weigh potential survival benefits against the potential toxicity of different treatment strategies for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, we were interested in what improvement in survival probability patients would want to have before accepting more toxic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six outpatients who had experienced lung cancer (n = 22) or prostate cancer (n = 34), and 20 clinic nurses and radiation therapy technologists participated. A treatment trade-off interview was conducted with each participant that compared low-dose versus high-dose radiotherapy and high-dose radiotherapy versus combination chemo-radiotherapy. Preferences for treatments were assessed by systematically increasing the hypothetical survival advantage of the more toxic treatment until the person reached his or her threshold for choosing the more toxic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A wide range of thresholds was observed for both groups. The distributions of survival advantage thresholds for lung cancer and prostate cancer patients were not significantly different but were generally lower thresholds than those declared by staff. If the 3-year survival advantage was 10%, 60% of patients and 15% of staff would consider combination therapy over high-dose radiotherapy. Within patients, apparent willingness to consider more toxic treatments was not significantly related to age, sex, education, or preferred role in decision making. The treatment trade-off method had good test-retest reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is great interindividual variability in willingness to accept aggressive treatments for locally advanced NSCLC. When choosing NSCLC treatment, each patient should be provided with comprehensive information about the options so that he or she may express his or her preferences should he or she wish to participate in the decision.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. mbrundage@octrf.on.ca
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brundage
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mackillop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage