title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic operation for interruption of patent ductus arteriosus in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent congenital heart disease encountered in premature neonates, infants, and children. Video-assisted endoscopic techniques have been used in PDA interruption since 1993. Almost all the experiences are in pediatric patients. Applications in adults with PDA have been limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report our experience of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical ligation of PDA in adults. From August 1995 to January 1996, 60 patients with PDA were operated on with a video-assisted thoracoscopic technique. Twelve adults were identified with mean age of 30 years (range, 20 to 57 years). With the patient under general anesthesia and double-lumen endotracheal intubation, two 5-mm holes were made in the left lateral chest wall. Another 4-cm incision was made in the left third intercostal space for manipulation, dissection, and ligation. Conventional surgical instruments were used except an endoscopic grasper and an endoscopic tube that connected to a video camera. The surgical procedure was viewed on a video screen. Transesophageal echocardiography was used for monitoring during PDA ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had successful ligation of the PDA. There was no surgical mortality, but there was one morbidity; transient recurrent nerve injury, which recovered 3 months later. Ten patients were extubated in operative room and 2 patients were extubated 2 hours after the operation. Tube thoracostomy was performed in the first 2 cases; it was omitted thereafter. No patients needed narcotic to control chest pain. Postoperative follow-up by echocardiography showed faint ductal flow in 1 patient without any murmur. All patients were discharged within 3 days after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggests that with refinement of instruments and surgical technique, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical ligation can be safely applied not only in pediatric patients, but also in adults with PDA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014741:Video Recording