title: Critical pathways for head and neck surgery. Development and implementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design, implement, and study the effectiveness of 4 new critical pathways relevant to head and neck oncological care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-after trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral academic institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients admitted for head and neck oncological surgery or chemotherapy from December 1, 1995, through May 31, 1996; 30 patients with similar diagnoses and who underwent surgical procedures from December 1, 1994, to December 1, 1995, who served as historical controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implementation of 4 critical pathways: chemotherapy, clean head and neck surgery, clean contaminated head and neck surgery, clean contaminated head and neck surgery with reconstructive flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  Length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and variance tracking (deviations from established standards).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The length of stay for the clean contaminated group without flap reconstruction decreased by 1.5 days, and costs decreased by $7407 per patient (P < .05, Student t test). The length of stay decreased 1.6 days in the clean contaminated group with flap reconstruction, and costs decreased $9845 per patient (P < .05, Student t test). Nine patients (13%) experienced a prolonged length of stay while on a critical pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of critical pathways has resulted in a decreased overall length of stay and cost of hospitalization. It has also allowed for better coordination and documentation of patient care, while the tracking of variances has simplified problem identification and correction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Everts
mesh_terms: D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000191:economics; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000191:economics