title: Childhood white superficial onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum: report of seven cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although white superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is well recognized in adults and considered to be mainly caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, childhood WSO is rare. WSO caused by Trichophyton rubrum in prepubertal children has never been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to describe the existence of WSO in children and to emphasize that T. rubrum may be its main cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven children with WSO seen between 1988 and 1993 were examined. Only patients who had a positive potassium hydroxide preparation and a positive fungal culture were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven healthy prepubertal children, 2 to 9 years of age, were identified with WSO. All cases were proved to be caused by T. rubrum. Six patients had associated tinea pedis, and five had a family history of tinea pedis. Topical antifungal therapy was partially effective in some cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report documents the existence of WSO in prepubertal children. All cultures grew T. rubrum. Although onychomycosis is not as common in prepubertal children as in adults, it may be underrecognized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ploysangam
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lucky
mesh_terms: D000499:Allylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000077768:Ciclopirox; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006878:Hydroxides; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011728:Pyridones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014008:Tinea Pedis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006878:Hydroxides; D007093:Imidazoles; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011728:Pyridones; D000077768:Ciclopirox; D000499:Allylamine; C029178:naftifine; C022155:oxiconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole; C029943:potassium hydroxide