title: Influence of nitric oxide on transepithelial transport in toad skin: effects of cholinergic agents and morphine.
abstract: The effects induced by L-arginine (L-Arg) on the short-circuit current and potential difference of Pleurodema thaul skin were investigated. L-Arg, but not D-Arg significantly increased the short-circuit current and potential difference when applied to the serosal surface. The effects of L-Arg were antagonized by amiloride, NG-nitro-methyl-L-arginine (L-NAME) and by methylene blue. Carbachol and acetylcholine induced significant increases of both electrical parameters of the toad skin. These effects of the muscarinic cholinergic drugs were potentiated by a low concentration of L-Arg and antagonized by L-NAME or methylene blue. Carbachol and acetylcholine induced significant increases of both electrical parameters of the toad skin. These effects of the muscarinic cholinergic drugs were potentiated by a low concentration of L-Arg and antagonized by L-NAME or methylene blue. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic guanosyl monophosphate (db cGMP) or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db cAMP) increased short-circuit current and potential difference. The effects of db cGMP, but not those of db cAMP were antagonized by L-NAME. The consecutive application of db cGMP and db cAMP induced additive effects. These results suggest that L-Arg increases transport in toad skin presumably acting through the formation of nitric oxide, which then stimulates cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase and leads to increased Na+ and K+ transport. The effects of L-Arg and carbachol were antagonized by acute application of morphine; however, a rebound response was observed when carbachol or noradrenaline were given after prolonged exposure of the skin to morphine, which suggests an adaptive response of the skin involving both cGMP and cAMP. Responses to both nucleotides were unchanged by morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Concha
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Contreras
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D009294:Narcotics; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; D003994:Bucladesine; D009020:Morphine; D000584:Amiloride; D002217:Carbachol; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D008751:Methylene Blue; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester