title: Induction of immunologic memory in Gambian children by vaccination in infancy with a group A plus group C meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine.
abstract: Two hundred twenty-one Gambian children vaccinated previously with one, two, or three doses of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine or two doses of polysaccharide vaccine before the age of 6 months were revaccinated at the age of 18-24 months with either meningococcal polysaccharide, conjugate, or inactivated polio vaccines. Children who had previously received one, two, or three doses of conjugate vaccine had significantly (P < .001) higher anti-group C meningococcal antibody levels following revaccination than did children vaccinated with a polysaccharide vaccine for the first time. Children vaccinated previously with two doses of polysaccharide vaccine had a lower group C antibody response than did control children. Group A antibody responses following revaccination of children who had previously received polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine were not significantly higher than those in control children. Thus, immunologic memory was probably induced by the group C but not by the group A component of the conjugate vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Twumasi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumah
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Banya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaffar
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Granoff
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: LiButti
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Carlone
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Broome
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016667:Bacterial Capsules; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007223:Infant; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000276:immunology*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; C039455:capsular polysaccharide, meningococcal group B; C037676:meningococcal group C polysaccharide