title: The influence of PCP prophylaxis on bacteriuria incidence and resistance development to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier studies have shown that men infected with HIV-1 and a CD4+ cell count below 200 mm3 are at increased risk for bacteriuria. We studied the effect of 3 Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) prophylaxis regimens (low-dose TMP/SMZ, high-dose TMP/SMZ and pentamidine aerosol) on the incidence of bacteriuria and resistance development to TMP/SMZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 103 HIV-positive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients using pentamidine had a positive culture (32%), compared to 9 patients using low-dose TMP/SMZ (17%) and 5 patients using high-dose TMP/SMZ (22%). These differences were not significant (P = 0.207). However, almost all episodes in patients using TMP/SMZ were due to infection with a resistant strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCP prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole does not significantly influence the rate of bacteriuria, probably due to the development of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: van Dooyeweert
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Borleffs
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hoepelman
mesh_terms: D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole