title: Regulatory intramolecular association in a tyrosine kinase of the Tec family.
abstract: The T-cell-specific tyrosine kinase Itk is a member of the Tec family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and is required for signalling through the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). The role of Itk in TCR signalling and the manner in which Itk activity is regulated are not well understood. Substrate binding and enzymatic activity of the structurally related Src kinases are regulated by an intramolecular interaction between the Src-homology-2 (SH2) domain and a phosphotyrosine. Although Itk also contains SH3, SH2 and tyrosine kinase domains, it lacks the corresponding regulatory phosphorylation site, and therefore must be regulated by an alternative mechanism. The proline-rich sequence adjacent to the SH3 domain of Tec family kinases contains an SH3 ligand, potentially allowing a different intramolecular interaction. By using multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance we have determined the structure of a fragment of Itk, confirming that these domains interact intramolecularly. Formation of this intramolecular SH3-ligand complex prevents the Itk SH3 domain and proline-rich region from interacting with their respective protein ligands, Sam68 and Grb-2. We believe that this structure represents the first example of an intramolecular interaction between an SH3 domain and a proline-rich ligand, and has implications for the regulation of Tec family kinases.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Andreotti
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bunnell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D011392:Proline; C089848:Tec protein-tyrosine kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C080813:emt protein-tyrosine kinase