title: Depression during mania. Treatment response to lithium or divalproex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information exists from controlled studies about clinical characteristics that predict treatment response in mania. The presence of depressive symptoms during manic episodes may be associated with poor response to psychopharmacological treatments. This is an investigation of the relation between depressive symptoms and treatment response in acute manic episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a parallel-group, double-blind study, 179 patients hospitalized for acute manic episodes were randomized to receive divalproex sodium, lithium carbonate, or placebo (ratio, 2:1:2). The study was carried out at 9 academic medical centers. Patients had comprehensive evaluations of behavior and symptoms before and during 3 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome measure, change in mania factor scores derived from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia: Change Version, was compared in patients with and without depressive symptoms at baseline according to nurse- or physician-rated scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms were associated with poor antimanic response to lithium and with better response to divalproex. This was not due to differences in overall severity of illness, substance abuse, gender, age, or history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that even a modest level of pretreatment depression-related symptoms is a robust predictor of lithium nonresponse, and is associated with better response to divalproex. Although their overall efficacy in acute mania is similar, lithium and divalproex may be most effective in clinically and biologically distinct groups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Swann
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dilsaver
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium