title: Carotid plaque morphology and clinical events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have suggested that B-mode ultrasonography can be used to determine carotid plaque composition and that specific plaque characteristics are associated with a worse clinical outcome. However, histological studies examining the relationship between carotid plaque morphology and clinical outcome have reported conflicting findings. Furthermore, few investigators have described plaque morphology in quantifiable terms. This study examines the association between the volume of carotid plaque constituents and preoperative ischemic neurological symptoms. Constituents examined were chosen based on their potential for identification by current diagnostic imaging modalities such as ultrasound or MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Atherosclerotic plaques from 43 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were examined histologically, with sections obtained every 0.5 to 1 mm. The lesions were examined for the presence and quantity of fibrous intimal tissue, intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid core, necrotic plaque core, and calcification. The quantity of each constituent was compared in plaques removed from symptomatic patients with those excised from asymptomatic individuals. Differences were analyzed with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between plaques removed from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with regard to the presence and volume of fibrous intimal tissue, intraplaque hemorrhage, the lipid core, the necrotic core, or calcification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with highly stenotic carotid lesions who are undergoing carotid endarterectomy, gross plaque composition is similar regardless of preoperative symptom status. Given this similarity, it is unlikely that differences in the volume of intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid core, necrotic core, or calcification in atherosclerotic carotid plaques explain their embolic history.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, WA 98108, USA. tomhat@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Detmer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alpers
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Strandness
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology