title: Exocytosis from rat submandibular granular tubules during cyclocytidine stimulation shows unusual features, including changes in the granule membrane.
abstract: Sequential secretory changes in granular tubule cells caused by the secretagogue cyclocytidine (75 mg/kg i.p.) were studied at the ultrastructural level, in perfusion (n = 5 animals) and immersion (n = 8 animals) fixed rat submandibular glands, using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique (PA-TCH-SP). The onset of secretion varied from 45 to 75 minutes after administering the cyclocytidine. During the initial stages of overt secretion, structural changes occurred irregularly in a progressive fashion with: (1) an increase in granule membrane staining with PA-TCH-SP and a parallel alignment of the secretory granules with the adjacent apical plasma membrane, which developed a honeycomb-like appearance; (2) docking of these secretory granules to the apical plasma membrane; (3) early secretion of some secretory granules in a semiclassical exocytotic fashion (but this was rarely witnessed). During stages (1) and (2), the cytochemical characteristics of the membrane of the secretory granules, as well as of the plasma membrane, suggest a priming process is occurring. After these initial preparatory phases, further structural changes occurred in the granule membranes with a gradually progressive formation of microvesicles and granule fusions; secretion continued in an explosive manner with proteinaceous material being transferred to lumina in at least three different ways: (1) by typical exocytosis (but it was infrequent); (2) from granules fused intracellularly into aggregates (compound exocytosis); and (3) some apocrine-type of secretion through bleb formation. The formation of these intracellular aggregations was associated with the microvesicles in the granule membranes and some aggregates became very large. Secretion of their contents into lumina occurred through elongated membrane channels. The material secreted included microvesicular forms that had become interiorised in the granular aggregates, and any cytoplasm that may also have been entrapped.
authors.affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Sciences, Department of Biology, Greece.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003504:Ancitabine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005089:Exocytosis; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D003504:Ancitabine