title: The effect of atrial fibrillation and the ventricular rate control on exercise capacity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting approximately 1.5 million patients in the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the effect of AF and the ventricular rate control during AF on cardiovascular performance as measured by exercise endurance on a standard Bruce protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with AF who underwent exercise stress testing during both sinus rhythm and AF were analyzed. Heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate acceleration, exercise duration, and left ventricular (LV) systolic function were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrial fibrillation resulted in a small but statistically significant decrease in exercise endurance (426 +/- 180 vs. 402 +/- 168 s, p < 0.05). The drop in exercise tolerance was consistent regardless of the underlying heart condition or adequate ventricular rate control during AF. Heart rate in AF was consistently faster than in sinus rhythm, at rest, and at peak exercise (63 vs. 79 beats/min and 125 vs. 149 beats/min, respectively, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses indicated that (1) the loss of atrioventricular synchrony had minimal effect on cardiovascular performance in patients with preserved LV function, (2) the decrease in cardiovascular performance was related to loss of atrioventricular synchrony but not to underlying heart disease or ventricular rate control, and (3) compensation for the loss of the atrial contribution was provided by consistently faster heart rate during AF.
authors.affiliation: Lown Cardiovascular Center, Brookline, MA 02146, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ostermaier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lampert
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalla Vecchia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravid
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left