title: Late complications of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the late complications of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy, particularly the incidence of tracheal stenosis and voice changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective descriptive clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consecutive patients who were successfully decannulated after percutaneous tracheotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients died after decannulation, of tracheotomy-unrelated causes. Sixty-six patients were followed up 3 to 39 months after decannulation (mean, 16 months). Fifty-four patients underwent tomography of the trachea. In 14 patients (26%), there was tracheal narrowing of more than 10%. Data analysis showed that these stenoses were operator dependent (p = 0.03). Voice changes, found in 13 (21%) of 61 patients, were major in 1 and minor in 12. Scars were generally cosmetically acceptable. Retraction of the scar, seen in 13 (19%) of 66 patients, was related to the duration of cannulation (p = 0.002). A persistent tracheocutaneous fistula was present in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of tracheal stenosis after percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy is low compared with conventional tracheotomy. Experience with the technique is important to avoid late complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, De Wever Hospital, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van Heurn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goei
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Ploeg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Brink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D004106:Dilatation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D012307:Risk Factors; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014833:Voice Quality