title: 2.5-million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia.
abstract: The Oldowan Stone tool industry was named for 1.8-million-year-old (Myr) artefacts found near the bottom of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Subsequent archaeological research in the Omo (Ethiopia) and Turkana (Kenya) also yielded stone tools dated to 2.3 Myr. Palaeoanthropological investigations in the Hadar region of the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, revealed Oldowan assemblages in the adjacent Gona River drainage. We conducted field work in the Gona study area of Ethiopia between 1992 and 1994 which resulted in additional archaeological discoveries as well as radioisotopic age control and a magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Gona sequence. These occurrences are now securely dated between 2.6-2.5 Myr. The stone tools are thus the oldest known artefacts from anywhere in the world. The artefacts show surprisingly sophisticated control of stone fracture mechanics, equivalent to much younger Oldowan assemblages of Early Pleistocene age. This indicates an unexpectedly long period of technological stasis in the Oldowan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Douglass Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA. semaw@eden.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semaw
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renne
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Feibel
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bernor
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fesseha
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mowbray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005002:Ethiopia; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae; D006801:Humans; D010163:Paleontology