title: Thermoelectric technique to precisely control hyperthermic exposures of human whole blood.
abstract: The need in military research to avoid exposing humans to harsh environments and reduce animal use requires the development of in vitro models for the study of hyperthermic injury. A thermoelectric module (TEM) system was employed to heat human whole blood (HWB) in a manner similar to that experienced by heat-stroked rats. This system precisely and accurately replicated mild, moderate, and extreme heat-stress exposures. Temperature changes could be monitored without the introduction of a test sample thermistor, which reduced contamination problems. HWB with hematocrits of 45 or 50% had similar heating curves, indicating that the system compensated for differences in sample character. The unit's size permitted its containment within a standard carbon dioxide incubator to further control sample environment. These results indicate that the TEM system can precisely control temperature change in this heat stress in vitro model employing HWB. Information obtained from such a model could contribute to military preparedness.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Physiology and Pathology Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: DuBose
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Morehouse
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008891:Military Science; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013696:Temperature