title: Vascular dysmorphogenesis caused by an activating mutation in the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE2.
abstract: Venous malformations (VMs), the most common errors of vascular morphogenesis in humans, are composed of dilated, serpiginous channels. The walls of the channels have a variable thickness of smooth muscle; some mural regions lack smooth muscle altogether. A missense mutation resulting in an arginine-to-tryptophan substitution at position 849 in the kinase domain of the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE2 segregates with dominantly inherited VM in two unrelated families. Using proteins expressed in insect cells, we demonstrate that the mutation results in increased activity of TIE2. We conclude that an activating mutation in TIE2 causes inherited VMs in the two families and that the TIE2 signaling pathway is critical for endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell communication in venous morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vikkula
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Carraway
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Diamonti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goumnerov
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pasyk
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Warman
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2