title: Prognostic value of protein kinase C, proto-oncogene products and resistance-related proteins in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: In this investigation, untreated non-B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of 104 children was analyzed using immunocytochemistry for expression of protein kinase C, proto-oncogene products (Fos, Jun, Ras) and resistance-related proteins (topoisomerase II, P-glycoprotein, glutathione S-transferase-pi, metallothionein, dihydrofolate-reductase, thymidylate-synthase). The aim of the analysis was to find out whether combining those factors with the most important clinical prognostic factor (blast cell count) can improve the prognostic value (relapse-free interval). Univariate analysis shows that protein kinase D (PKC), Fos, P-glycoprotein (P-170) and glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi) are significant prognostic factors independent of blast cell count (PBC) for the relapse-free intervals of children with ALL. The presence of the proteins Fos, PKC, P-170 and GST-pi was not independent within the patient population. The multivariate analysis showed that in combination with PBC and PKC, both P-170 and GST-pi have only limited prognostic influence. Combining the factors PKC, Fos and GST-pi as a categorical variable showed that this variable is a strong prognostic factor in addition to PBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Diagnostics and Therapy, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volm
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zintl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauerbrey
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000032:analysis; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000032:analysis*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000032:analysis; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000032:analysis; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D008668:Metallothionein; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D018631:ras Proteins; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II