title: Results following secondary intraocular lens implantation in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Placement of a secondary intraocular lens (IOL) in a child may be considered in children with congenital monocular cataracts who have had complete opacities removed early in life and who later become contact lens intolerant, in eyes that have received trauma which precluded placement of a primary IOL, and in young adults who have bilateral aphakia who become resistant to use of contact lenses or spectacles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records of all children in our practice who received a secondary IOL between January 1988 and December 1994 were reviewed. Indications, biometry, type of procedures, preoperative and postoperative acuity, refractive error, binocular status, and complications were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 7-year period, 242 cataract operations were performed. Fifty-nine eyes received a lens implant, and 28 of these were secondary implants. There was a mean interval between the initial cataract operation and the procedure for the secondary implant of 77 months. The mean follow-up was 35 months (range, 3 to 71) for the 28 eyes that received a secondary implant. Two received anterior chamber implants. Eight eyes had insufficient capsular support for an IOL. Six implants were placed in the posterior chamber and required suture fixation to the sclera. Twenty of 28 eyes had a measurable improvement in visual acuity. Only 1 eye had a decrease in visual acuity of 2 lines. Fifteen patients (54%) had a final refraction within 1.50 diopters of the fellow eye, and 75% were within 3.00 diopters. During the follow-up period, 2 eyes developed glaucoma. One had a transient pressure elevation, and the second has required 2 filtration procedures. Three patients required a Nd: YAG capsulotomy. Six patients demonstrated Worth fusion at distance and near, but only 3 patients demonstrated 200 seconds of arc or better stereo acuity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of contemporary-style, secondary intraocular lenses in children and young adults appears to provide a safe and effective alternative for correction of aphakia in children who become contact lens or spectacle-intolerant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Biglan
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gerontis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001036:Aphakia, Postcataract / Q000601:surgery*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity