title: Analysis of cardiovascular responses to PACAP-27, PACAP-38, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.
abstract: Responses to pituitary adenylate cyclase polypeptide (PACAP)-27, PACAP-38, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were compared in the peripheral and pulmonary vascular beds of the cat and in the isolated perfused neonatal pig heart. Intravenous injections of PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 produced biphasic changes in systemic arterial pressure whereas iv injections of VIP caused only decreases in arterial pressure. When blood flow to the hind limb and mesenteric vascular beds was maintained constant, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 caused dose-related biphasic changes in perfusion pressure, whereas VIP only decreased perfusion pressure. PACAP-27 was approximately threefold more potent than PACAP-38, and the pressor component of the biphasic response was blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists and adrenalectomy. PACAP-27, PACAP-38, and VIP produced decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance, and all three peptides had significant vasodilator activity in the isolated perfused neonatal pig heart. Although all three peptides decreased coronary vascular resistance, only PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 increased left ventricular contractility, with PACAP-27 approaching isoproterenol in potency. The results of these experiments show that PACAP-27, PACAP-38, and VIP have significant effects on vasomotor tone that depend on the vascular bed studied and the contribution of adrenal catecholamines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. champion@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Coy
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ascuitto
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ross-Ascuitto
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kadowitz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide