title: CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone (CVPP) with extended-field radiotherapy in the treatment of early unfavorable Hodgkin's disease. A prospective study on behalf of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi (GISL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the adequacy of the CVPP four-drug regimen as ancillary chemotherapy associated with extended-field radiotherapy in the treatment of early, unfavorable, clinically staged Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population of this prospective, multicenter study consisted of 49 patients with stage I-II disease, associated with bulky involvement or unfavorable histology (lymphocyte-depleted nodular sclerosis or lymphocyte depletion), systemic symptoms or extranodal involvement, or presenting with stage III A favorable-histology disease, with or without extranodal involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete remission was achieved in 39 patients, partial remission in 2, while 8 patients did not respond. Four patients have relapsed so far (median follow-up: 43 months), all of whom were subsequently rescued with different salvage treatments. Dose intensity (mean +/- SD: 0.83 +/- 0.12) and hematological toxicity (including 2 deaths from infection) were higher when RT followed CT than when it was interposed in the middle of the 6 cycles. No growth factors were used. Nonhematological toxicity was very low and fully tolerable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results confirmed the mild neurological and gastroenteric side effects of CVPP that make it an interesting MOPP-variant regimen. This combination seems most indicated when a regimen devoid of cardiac and pulmonary toxicity is required for association with full-dosage mediastinal radiotherapy, as is often the case in early, unfavorable Hodgkin's disease. The optimal sequence consists of radiotherapy administered after completion of the chemotherapy program. The use of growth factors for correction (or prevention) of marked leukopenia seems appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Medicina Interna e Oncologia Medica, Universit-IRCCS S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gobbi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pieresca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavanna
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corbella
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vallisa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Formisano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carotenuto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Callea
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Angrilli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silingardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011344:Procarbazine; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D008130:Lomustine; D011241:Prednisone