title: Management of ambiguous genitalia in pseudohermaphrodites: new perspectives on vaginal dilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate vaginal size and sexual activity after different techniques of feminization of external genitalia in patients with pseudohermaphroditism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pseudohermaphrodite patients seen at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three female and 20 male pseudohermaphrodites raised as females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral orchidectomy, feminization of external genitalia (clitoridectomy or clitoroplasty, urogenital sinus enlargement), and/or neovaginoplasty or vaginal dilation with acrylic molds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychological evaluation, vaginal size, and quality of intercourse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients referred sexual drive to men. Fifty percent of the patients who were submitted to neovaginoplasty referred pain or bleeding during sexual intercourse. On the other hand, 87% of the patients who were submitted to vaginal dilation with acrylic molds, after genitoplasty or not, referred satisfactory sexual intercourse. All patients who were submitted to clitoroplasty referred orgasm and 29% of the patients submitted to clitoridectomy referred no orgasm. Of three patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, two became pregnant and delivered normal children through cesarian section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pseudohermaphrodites with female social sex, surgical correction of external genitalia performed in childhood and vaginal dilation with acrylic molds performed when they wished to start having sexual intercourse resulted in best outcome.
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mendonca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inácio
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Arnhold
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lodovici
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002987:Clitoris / Q000601:surgery; D003075:Coitus; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009948:Orgasm; D010146:Pain; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014621:Vagina