title: [Pregnancy in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Proposal for a common management protocol].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is by definition associated with high obstetric risk. We performed a retrospective study of pregnancies in women with this syndrome in an attempt to define a common means of caring these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with APS followed in Internal Medicine Department and in Gynecology Department since 1989 were studied retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen women with primary APS had a total of 51 pregnancies, 39 (76%) of which ended in embryonic (n = 24) or fetal (n = 15) loss. Only 6/39 untreated pregnancies led to a live birth, including 2 cases of intrauterine growth retardation. Among the 12 pregnancies treated preventively for obstetric complications, 6 led to a live birth. The treatments used were dissimilar and included aspirin, corticosteroids and heparin, either alone or in association. Four of these 6 live births were obtained by aspirin alone. Gravidic toxemia was observed in one untreated patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obstetric prognosis for untreated APS is appalling. The benefit of heparin therapy in association with aspirin remains to be demonstrated, ideally in a protocol comparing aspirin alone with aspirin and heparin.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, CHU, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: el Kouri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sagot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamidou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boog
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrier
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin; D001241:Aspirin