title: Assessment of radioisotopic micturating cystography for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in renal transplant recipients with acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gold standard for documenting vesicoureteric reflux is direct (retrograde) micturating cystography (MC). In children, radioisotopic MC has been advocated for increased sensitivity and lesser radiation exposure. In renal transplant recipients, where reflux can induce acute pyelonephritis, this technique has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the radioisotopic technique in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen renal transplant recipients had developed acute pyelonephritis following the surgical grafting procedure. They were investigated using both MC techniques. Radioisotopic MC was performed using 99mTc-pertechnetate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reflux was documented in nine patients by radioisotopic MC but in only seven with the conventional technique. All negative patients remained symptom free after the pyelonephritis was cured and it was assumed that they had no reflux. Consequently, using the radioisotopic MC as gold standard, the conventional X-ray technique had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct radioisotopic MC allowing continuous cystogram recording is more accurate than conventional X-ray MC for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in transplanted patients with acute pyelonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaìre, Reims, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canivet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wampach
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Toupance
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavaud
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lardennois
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liehn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chanard
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*