title: The intensive care units in greater Athens: needs and resources.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds and the number of requests, the number and categories of nursing staff, the nursing care required, and the time spent in various nursing activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 district general hospitals were studied. The characteristics of the units and their nursing personnel were recorded. The availability of ICU beds, the frequency of bed requests, and the way of patient admission in the ICUs were studied retrospectively for 1 year and prospectively for 2 weeks. The staffing level of direct care for 36 patients was studied to determine the time required for direct nursing care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the distribution of intensive care beds was: GICU 108, CICU 114, PSICU 30. During 1991, 12363 patients were admitted and 12172 of them were discharged; 3 628 patients stayed less than 2 days while the average length of stay was 12.5 days. In 1992, during the 2-week period, there were 303 requests for an admission to ICUs and of these 150 requests could not be met because of lack of ICU beds. The mean staffing level was 2.3 nurses per bed (to cover the three shifts). The mean nursing time required for direct nursing care of each patient per shift was found to be 6 hours for GICU patients, 5.3 for CICU, and 6.0 for PSICU patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Athens.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemonidou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Priami
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baltopoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantas
mesh_terms: D006115:Greece; D006295:Health Resources; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006302:Health Services Research; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014504:Urban Health