title: [Neural mechanisms for the clinical syndromes of Parkinson's disease].
abstract: The structural organization and neuronal circuit of the basal ganglia were reviewed, and the neural mechanisms for the clinical syndromes of Parkinson's disease were discussed. Dopamine depletion in parkinsonian patients causes an increase in neuronal activities in the globus pallidus internal segment and the substantia nigra pars reticulata, resulting in an inhibition of neurons in the thalamus and pedunculopontine nucleus, and developing akinesia and rigidity. Distorted integral information processes in the striatum and different involvement patterns of the two pathways of the information flow, the direct and indirect pathways, may cause diversity of the extrapyramidal syndromes in basal ganglia diseases. Also discussed was an instructional role of dopamine in generating a relevant voluntary movement by modulating the striatal neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000209:etiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine