title: Postoperative blood flow monitoring after free-tissue transfer by means of the hydrogen clearance technique.
abstract: The hydrogen clearance technique was introduced for monitoring postoperative blood flow after free-tissue transfer in this prospective clinical study. This technique allows unlimited repeatable quantitative measurements of tissue blood flow in milliliters per minute per 100 gm of tissue at any site including buried flaps. In this study a real-time blood flow measuring system (Ameflow, Ameda, Switzerland) was employed. Two thousand eight hundred and twenty-three blood flow measurements were carried out on 72 free-tissue transfers, which were performed on 71 patients. Nine of these 72 flaps showed vascular complications (12.5 percent), including arterial thrombosis in 6.9 percent (n = 5), hematoma in 4.2 percent (n = 3), and venous thrombosis in 1.4 percent (n = 1). Complications as well as uneventful postoperative cases were monitored correctly by the hydrogen clearance technique in all cases, reaching sensitivity and specificity values of 1.0 for this technique in our study. Furthermore, all complications could be detected earlier by the hydrogen clearance technique than by clinical monitoring alone, which allowed flap salvation in 7 of 9 cases and a resulting permanent failure rate of free-tissue transfer of 2.8 percent (n = 2). From our data we conclude that the hydrogen clearance technique is a promising tool for postoperative blood flow monitoring after free-tissue transfer. For experimental pathophysiologic and pharmacologic studies of tissue blood flow in flaps, further evaluation of our measuring device including comparative studies with other established techniques is highly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Machens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mailaender
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallua
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000098:blood supply*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D006859:Hydrogen