title: Isoproterenol decreases LDL receptor expression in rat adipose cells: activation of cyclic AMP-dependent proteolysis.
abstract: The low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is part of a family of proteins that mediate the uptake of lipoproteins into cells. In this paper we have demonstrated the over-expression in E. coli of a rat LDL receptor fusion protein that contains the region of the receptor sharing homology with the EGF precursor. The fusion protein was utilized to immunize rabbits and successfully generate antibodies that recognize the intact LDL receptor. These anti-LDL receptor/fusion protein antibodies were used to examine the effects of cyclic AMP on the expression of LDL receptors in isolated rat adipocytes. Incubation of adipocytes with isoproterenol caused a dose-dependent diminution in intact LDL receptors in the plasma membrane with the concomitant appearance of smaller immunoreactive proteins. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that isoproterenol rapidly shortened the initial half-life of intact, immunoprecipitable LDL receptors in the plasma membrane. The effects of isoproterenol on LDL receptor expression were mimicked by forskolin, by an analog of cyclic AMP, and by ACTH. In contrast, incubation with propranolol blocked the effects of isoproterenol on LDL receptor expression. While antioxidants and several different protease inhibitors had no effects, N-acetyl-leucine-leucine-methionine (ALLM) was able to prevent the isoproterenol-induced effects on LDL receptors. Thus, it appears that agents acting via cyclic AMP cause a rapid decrease in LDL receptors in the plasma membranes of isolated adipose cells due to the apparent stimulation of an ALLM-sensitive protease that degrades the LDL receptor. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the posttranscriptional regulation of LDL receptor expression in adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Natu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh-Bist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Komaromy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medicherla
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sztalryd
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D005576:Colforsin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011433:Propranolol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D007545:Isoproterenol