title: The neuronal cell-adhesion molecule axonin-1 is specifically released by an endogenous glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase.
abstract: Axonin-1, a member of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type-III family of cell-adhesion molecules, occurs both as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-(glycosylPtdIns)-anchored membrane-bound and a soluble form. In vivo observations show that the major part of axonin-1 is found in the soluble fraction and that soluble axonin-1 perturbs neurite fasciculation and pathfinding in the developing chicken embryo. This has prompted further investigations into the mechanism of the axonin-1 release. We demonstrate here that axonin-1 released from dorsal root ganglion neurons contains ethanolamine and inositol, components of the glycosylPtdIns anchor. Secreted axonin-1 does not exhibit the cross-reacting determinant epitope, an indication that the cleavage of the anchor is not mediated by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Treatment of dorsal root ganglion neurons with 1,10-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of glycosylPtdIns-specific phospholipase D, reduces the release of axonin-1 by 56%. Moreover, glycosylPtdIns-specific phospholipase D activity was detected in dorsal root ganglion neurons and brain. These results suggest that axonin-1 is released from the membrane by an endogenously expressed glycosylPtdIns-specific phospholipase D in vivo. With domain-swaping experiments between axonin-1 and its non-released relative F11, deletion mutants and monoclonal antibodies, we demonstrate that the fourth fibronectin type-III-like domain of axonin-1 is required for the generation of the soluble form of axonin-1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lierheimer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savoca
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brodbeck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonderegger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000378:metabolism*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D058969:Contactin 2; D058966:Contactins; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008566:Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D058969:Contactin 2; D058966:Contactins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010739:Phospholipase D; C065017:glycoprotein phospholipase D; C025205:1,10-phenanthroline