title: Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain stem metastases: two autopsy cases.
abstract: Early neuropathological findings were obtained at autopsy in two cases of brain stem metastasis treated with the Gamma Knife. In both cases, light microscopy radiation changes were strictly localized. Residual tumor tissue in the irradiation field showed marked degenerative changes including multinuclear cells, atypical nuclei and vacuolar degeneration. A characteristic finding in the irradiation field was fibrosis associated with hyalinized and thickened vessels. In more peripheral regions, demyelination and vacuolar degeneration were seen. This is the first report demonstrating extravascular fibrosis in the irradiated field following radiosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tago
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murayama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects*