title: Augmentation of vincristine cytotoxicity by megestrol acetate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a semisynthetic progesterone, megestrol acetate (MA), on the cytotoxicity of various chemotherapeutic agents including vincristine, doxorubicin, actinomycin-D, taxol, vinblastine and colchicine in cell lines with or without P-gp expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cell lines with high P-gp expression (two colon cancer and one leukemia), and a control cell line with no P-gp expression were exposed to chemotherapeutic agents in the presence or absence of MA and drug sensitivity was determined using the MTT colorimetric assay. P-gp-170 expression was detected by flow cytometry using JSB-1 monoclonal antibody and the functionality of MDR expression was tested by rhodamine-123 uptake studies. In vitro drug accumulation studies were performed using [3H]-vincristine. The results were subjected to paired t-test analysis and 95% confidence intervals were determined in cytotoxicity tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MA augmented the cytotoxicity of vincristine, but not doxorubicin, actinomycin-D, taxol, vinblastine or colchicine in the three P-gp-expressing cell lines, whereas verapamil augmented the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and vincristine. MA did not augment the cytotoxicity of vincristine in the P-gp-negative HUT-102 cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MA augmented vincristine cytotoxicity in P-gp-expressing cell lines. However, this phenomenon did not occur with the other classic MDR drugs. Therefore, the augmentation of vincristine cytotoxicity by MA can be explained either by involvement of a different mechanism that coexists with the mdr-1 phenotype or by the presence of a different affinity or binding site on the P-gp molecule for MA compared to that for the other classic MDR drugs and verapamil.
authors.affiliation: Evans Memorial Department of Research, Boston University Medical Center, University Hospital, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tansan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koç
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCaffrey
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D019073:HT29 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019290:Megestrol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014750:Vincristine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014750:Vincristine; D019290:Megestrol Acetate