title: Characterization of a commercial liposome spray.
abstract: The commercial liposome spray Heparin-pur-ratiopharm was physicochemically characterized. This preparation is said to result in a fine gel-film containing pure, concentrated liposomes (including drug) on the skin after application and evaporation of the water/ethanol-mixture of the system. As phospholipids tends to form lamellar structures at lower water concentrations the structural characteristics of Heparin-pur-ratiopharm were investigated in the original preparation and after a drying process, which should be comparable to application on skin. For the characterization several methods were used, e.g. photon correlation spectroscopy, electron and polarized light microscopy, small angle X-ray (SAX) scattering and SAX diffraction. The results of the present investigation indicate that there are no changes in the colloidal state of the phospholipids before and after drying and application of the spray. There seem to be only changes in the degree of dispersion of the liquid crystalline phase, i.e. from small uni- or oligolamellar liposomes in the original preparation via multilamellar vesicles to a lamellar mesophase during the drying process. Therefore, it seems that there are no differences for the application of heparin if a preparation containing small uni- or oligolamellar liposomes is used or if the phospholipids are structured differently. The major point of importance for drug application, therefore, seems to be the presence of phospholipids as they possibly work as enhancer for the uptake of the drug through the skin to achieve a quick effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rades
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerke
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Müller-Goymann
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D010316:Particle Size; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000925:Anticoagulants; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D006493:Heparin