title: [Monitoring of emergency and intensive care patients: simple diagnostic aids].
abstract: This article describes in short sections the use and interpretation of indirect blood pressure measurements, central venous pressure, body temperature, pulse oximetry, end tidal CO2 measurements, pulse and heart rate, urine production and emergency laboratory values. Most of these parameters are directly or indirectly linked to the perfusion of the patient. Optimizing these values are one of the most important goals in emergency and critical care medicine.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Chirurgie und Orthopädie, Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät, Universität Bern.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Spreng
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spreng
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schawalder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000662:veterinary; D001831:Body Temperature; D019296:Capnography / Q000662:veterinary; D002415:Cats; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D003422:Critical Care; D004285:Dogs; D004630:Emergencies / Q000662:veterinary*; D006339:Heart Rate; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000662:veterinary*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000662:veterinary; D014554:Urination