title: Human islet allografts in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with cirrhosis have insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, and 20% eventually develop diabetes. Although diabetes in this setting may be reversible after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx), immunosuppressive agents administered after transplantation could exacerbate this disease. We report the results of the first pilot trial of islet cell transplantation (ICTx) in patients with diabetes undergoing OLTx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with diabetes and liver cirrhosis underwent OLTx and ICTx. Donor bone marrow cells were also infused to enhance the acceptance of the graft. We identified seven patients who received only OLTx and donor bone marrow cells as historical controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary results suggest that ICTx in conjunction with OLTx may improve glucose metabolism (insulin requirement, hemoglobin A1c) in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, there was virtually no change in pre- and posttransplant basal C-peptide levels in the recipients of OLTx + ICTx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We are planning to further evaluate the effect of OLTx with or without ICTx in a randomized prospective trial, using euglycemic insulin clamp studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alejandro
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angelico
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nery
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bottino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karatzas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin