title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype and plasma levels in relation to a history of myocardial infarction in patients characterized by coronary angiography.
abstract: To investigate the relationship between an insertion/deletion (4G/5G) polymorphism in the promoter region of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene and the phenotypes of PAI-1 levels, coronary atheroma, and a past history of coronary thrombosis, we studied 453 patients (320 men and 133 women) characterized by coronary angiography. Patients were classified as having normal vessels (n = 125) or single-vessel (n = 92) or multivessel (n = 232) coronary disease on the basis of > or = 50% stenosis. PAI-1 antigen levels were highest in patients with the 4G/4G genotype (22.5 ng/mL), with a stepwise decrease in levels as the number of 4G alleles decreased (21.5 ng/mL for 4G/5G and 15.8 ng/mL for 5G/5G, P = .02) after adjusting for age, sex, triglyceride levels, and body mass index (BMI). The association between triglyceride level and PAI-1 was genotype specific, with a steeper slope in subjects with the 4G/4G genotype (P = .004). A gene-environment interaction between BMI, PAI-1, and genotype was observed, with a steeper association in patients with the 5G/5G genotype (P = .02). The 4G/4G genotype was significantly associated with a history of myocardial infarction (P < .03; odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.7). This relationship was stronger in subjects with diseased vessels (P = .006). There was no relationship between either PAI-1 genotype or levels and the presence of atheroma. Our data suggest that PAI-1 promoter polymorphism influences the development of myocardial infarction through its effect on thrombus formation in patients with preexisting coronary atheroma.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Molecular Vascular Medicine, Research School of Medicine, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ossei-Gerning
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stickland
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1