Quantification of hprt gene deletions mediated by illegitimate V(D)J recombination in peripheral blood cells of humans.
V(D)J recombinase is normally involved in the highly regulated rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell-receptor gene segments (in B and T cells, respectively) to form functional antibody genes and T-cell-receptor genes. Occasionally, this tightly controlled process acts on inappropriate places in the genome and results in deletions and translocations. Some of these illegitimate V(D)J recombinase-mediated events have been implicated in the genetic changes associated with several forms of leukemia and lymphoid malignancy. We have developed a sensitive, specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay to quantify such events in the peripheral blood cells of humans. This assay detects a V(D)J recombinase-mediated deletion in the hprt gene, which codes for a housekeeping enzyme and is not implicated in cancer development. Alterations in this gene serve as a surrogate indicator for these illegitimate events, which may be occurring throughout the genome. The assay involves a hemi-nested PCR with two sets of primers. Multiple replicates of genomic DNA (each representing 4 x 10(5) cells) are amplified with specific primers under conditions in which a single copy will give a detectable PCR product. Poisson statistics are then used to estimate the deletion mutant frequency. The frequency of cells with the hprt deletion among 20 healthy young adults ranged from <1.3 x 10(-7) to 4.1 x 10(-7) and was compared with the frequency of t(14;18) previously determined in these same individuals. No correlation was found between the frequencies of these two measures of genomic rearrangement. The DNA sequences at the deletion junctions were determined and provided evidence for multiple independent mutations in some individuals. This assay may serve as a biomarker for the level of illegitimate V(D)J recombination occurring in peripheral blood cells of humans.
Fuscoe
J C
JC
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
Vira
L K
LK
Collard
D D
DD
Moore
M M
MM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D045567:VDJ Recombinases
D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; D045567:VDJ Recombinases