title: Integration of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA is linked to the down-regulation of class I human leukocyte antigens by steroid hormones in cervical tumor cells.
abstract: A crucial event in the malignant progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia appears to be the up-regulation of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) early gene expression. Steroid hormones have been linked to the progression from premalignant to neoplastic status in HPV positive lesions. This report demonstrates that at physiological levels, the glucocorticoid hormone hydrocortisone consistently down-regulates class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) surface expression in HPV-positive cervical tumor cells but can up-regulate expression in HPV-negative epithelial tumor lines. Suppression of HLA expression was also seen with progesterone, another steroid hormone. The hydrocortisone-mediated modulation of HLA expression is dependent on integration and transcription of the HPV genome and can be blocked by Ru38486, an antagonist of both glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors, indicating the role of these receptors in mediating HLA suppression. The data suggest that HPV integration events in cervical epithelia correlate with hormone-dependent HLA suppression, possibly contributing to the avoidance of tumor recognition by cytotoxic T cells. These studies imply that clinical use of steroids may be contraindicated in HPV-positive individuals who have early premalignant cervical disease or neoplasia but provide evidence that the antiprogestin Ru38486 may be useful in the management of early stage cervical disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, National Health Service Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glenville
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cabello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chengang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016662:Virus Integration
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D015735:Mifepristone; D011374:Progesterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone