Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1, -2 and -3) in diabetic pregnancy: relationship to macrosomia.
To evaluate the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in excessive fetal growth (macrosomia) in diabetic pregnancy, 84 insulin-treated diabetic mothers and their infants were tested for serum concentrations of IGF-I, IFG-II, and IGFBP-1, -2 and -3. These parameters were correlated with the birth weight of neonates and placental weight. IGF-I and II levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs) after serum samples were extracted with aid-ethanol. IGFBPs were measured by Western immunoblot with specific antibodies to the respective IGFBP species. Serum concentrations of both IGF-I and IGF-II in mothers with either IDDM or NIDDM increased with the gestational period, reached a plateau at the third trimester, and returned to non-pregnant levels within 7 days after delivery. These values were not different from those in normal mothers before and throughout pregnancy. As previously reported, IGF-I concentrations in cord serum of neonates born to diabetic mothers were (P < 0.01) higher than those of newborns of normal mothers. Likewise, cord blood IGF-II levels were 2-fold higher in babies of diabetic mothers (P <0.001). Fetal IGF-I and IGF-II correlated with each other and with maternal HbA1C, and they positively correlated with either birth weight or placental weight. Cord IGFBP-3 concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic pregnancy, but IGFBP-2 concentrations were not different from those in normal pregnancy. Cord IGFBP-1 concentrations were significantly higher only in babies of mothers with IDDM. None of these cord IGFBP concentrations correlated with birth weight or placental weight. The data suggest that fetal IGF-II, like IGF-I, is involved in fetal and placental growth in diabetic pregnancy. The role of IGFBPs remained to be determined.
Yan-Jun
L
L
Department of Medicine III (Diabetes Center), Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
Tsushima
T
T
Minei
S
S
Sanaka
M
M
Nagashima
T
T
Yanagisawa
K
K
Omori
Y
Y
D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood*
D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II