title: Phlebotomy for pulmonary edema in dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of phlebotomy in the treatment of pulmonary edema in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maintenance hemodialysis patients presenting to the emergency room in respiratory distress from apparent pulmonary edema were assessed with regard to clinical response, change in blood pressure, change in hematocrit, and interval until the next hemodialysis treatment,
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients underwent phlebotomy and seventeen improved markedly and did not require intubation or emergent dialysis. Hemodialysis was initiated 15.6 +/- 13.6 SD hours later. Four were able to have their treatment 24 or more hours later. Thirteen of 21 (62%) were hypertensive at the time of treatment and blood pressure tended to normalize in this subset. Four of 21 (19%) developed transient hypotension without permanent sequelae. Pre-mean hematocrit = 25.0 + 6.0 and post phlebotomy = 22.6 + 4.6 SD. All patients receiving phlebotomy survived to hospital discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phlebotomy can often obviate the need for intubation or emergent dialysis in ESRD patients presenting with pulmonary edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ambulatory Care, Elmhurst Hospital Center, NY, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Eiser
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Neff
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome