title: Fast and accurate identification of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species by restriction analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes.
abstract: Thirteen bacterial strains of Xenorhabdus and 14 strains of Photorhabdus originating from a wide range of geographical and nematode host sources were typed by analyzing 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) restriction patterns obtained after digestion of PCR-amplified 16S rDNAs. Eight tetrameric restriction endonucleases were examined. A total of 17 genotypes were identified, forming two heterogeneous main clusters after analysis by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages: group I included all Xenorhabdus species and strains, symbionts of Steinernema, whereas group II encompassed the Photorhabdus strains, symbionts of Heterorhabditis. To identify the four valid species of Xenorhabdus and unclassified strains and all the genotypes of Photorhabdus luminescens, three restriction enzymes are required: CfoI, AluI, and HaeIII. Our results, in substantial agreement with DNA-DNA pairing and 16S rDNA sequence data, indicate that amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis is a simple and accurate tool for identifying entomopathogenic nematode bacterial symbionts.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Symbiotes des Racines, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Givaudan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanois
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Akhurst
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boemare
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017168:Rhabditida / Q000382:microbiology*; D017172:Rhabditoidea / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S