title: Intensive therapy and autotransplant for patients with an incomplete response to front-line therapy for lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who fail to achieve a complete remission (CR) with standard induction therapy have a poor prognosis with conventional-dose salvage therapy alone. We examined the role of subsequent intensive therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in patients who demonstrated a response to conventional-dose therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six patients with either HD (n = 30) or NHL (n = 36) underwent intensive therapy with etoposide (60 mg/kg), intravenous melphalan (160-180 mg/m2) followed by infusion of unpurged autologous bone marrow and/or blood cells. All patients had advanced stage or bulky disease at diagnosis and failed to achieve a CR after an anthracycline-containing front-line chemotherapy regimen (NHL) or ABVD or equivalent regimen (HD). Patients who achieved a CR after involved-field radiotherapy were excluded. All patients demonstrated sensitivity to conventional-dose salvage treatment before advancing to intensive therapy and ABMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CR, partial response (PR) and overall response rate (RR) following ABMT for HD patients was 48%, 17% and 65%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 35 months, the predicted three-year overall survival (OS) is 51% (95% CI: 44%-60%) and event-free survival (EFS) is 34% (95% CI: 26%-54%). For patients with NHL, the CR, PR and RR were 68%, 9% and 77%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 28 months, the predicted three-year OS is 51% (95% CI: 35%-66%) and EFS is 39% (95% CI: 21%-57%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive therapy with etoposide and melphalan followed by ABMT results in prolonged survival in selected patients with lymphoma who fail to achieve a complete remission to front-line chemotherapy. Based on our previous studies of outcome to conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy, we estimate that of all patients failing induction therapy, 28% with HD and 15% with NHL will be event-free at three years after ABMT.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crump
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imrie
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Girouard
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brandwein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carstairs
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pantalony
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keating
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous