title: Induction of liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A in male and female rats by a steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, zanoterone.
abstract: The cytochrome P-450 (CYP) mediated hydroxylation of testosterone to 6 beta-, 7 alpha-, and 16 alpha-hydroxytestosterone (b beta-, 7 alpha-, and 16 alpha-OHT) and the dealkylation of ethoxycoumarin to 7-hydroxycoumarin (ECOD) and ethoxyresorufin to resorufin (EROD) were used to probe changes in CYP monooxygenase activities in liver microsomes from rats treated with the androgen receptor antagonist, zanoterone (Z). Phenobarbital (PB) and beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) were used as comparators. There were sex-related differences in the constitutive CYP activities and in the responses of CYP activities to Z. The greatest effect of Z administration was on 6 beta-OHT activity: It was increased up to 5.2-fold in males and 13.9-fold in females (Z high dose). The effect was larger than the produced by PB or beta-NF (< or = threefold increases). Z (high dose), PB, and beta-NF increased ECOD to a similar extent, e.g., about 1.3-fold in males and 1.2-2.9-fold in females. beta-NF increased EROD (11.2-fold males, 6.2-fold females) more than PB (3.4- to 4.6-fold) or Z (1.3- to 1.7-fold). Since hydroxylation of testosterone at the 6 beta position in rats and humans is catalyzed primarily by CYP isoforms from the 3A subfamily, the increase in 6 beta-OHT suggests that Z induced CYP 3A activity. These findings were confirmed with Western immunoblots with probes for rat CYP 1A1, 2B1/2, 2E1, 3A, and 4A. Z produced a three-to fourfold increase in the 3A isoform for both male and female rats. Results from this study suggest that in a clinical setting, Z therapy has the potential to induce CYPs of the 3A subfamily and in so doing alter the metabolism and clearance of drugs that are substrates for the 3A subfamily.
authors.affiliation: Sanofi Research Division, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Descotes
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hincks
mesh_terms: D015660:7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005079:Excipients / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011278:Pregnanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D005079:Excipients; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011278:Pregnanes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D015660:7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C022724:testosterone 7-alpha-hydroxylase, hamster; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; C060492:zanoterone