title: The effect of autogenic training and biofeedback on motion sickness tolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motion sickness is characterized by symptoms of vomiting, drowsiness, fatigue and idiosyncratic changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses such as heart rate (HR) and skin temperature (ST). Previous studies found that symptoms of motion sickness are controllable through self-regulation of ANS responses and the best method to teach such control is autogenic-feedback (biofeedback) training. Recent experiments indicated that biofeedback training is ineffective in reducing symptoms of motion sickness or in increasing tolerance to motion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  If biofeedback facilitates learning of ANS self-regulation then autogenic training with true feedback (TFB) should lead to better control over ANS responses and better motion tolerance than autogenic training with false feedback (FFB). If there is a relationship between ANS self-regulation and coping with motion stress, a significant correlation should be found between amounts of control over ANS responses and measures of motion tolerance and/or symptoms of motion sickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 3 groups of 6 subjects exposed for 6 weeks to weekly sessions of Coriolis stimulation to induce motion sickness. Between the first and second Coriolis sessions, subjects in the experimental groups received five episodes of autogenic training with either true (group TFB) or false (group FFB) feedback on their HR and ST. The control group (CTL) received no treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects learned to control their HR and ST independent of whether they received true or false feedback. Learned control of ST and HR was not related to severity of motion sickness or subject's ability to withstand Coriolis stimulation following treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lack of significant correlation between these variables suggested that subjects were not able to apply their skills of ANS self-regulation in the motion environment, and/ or such skills had little value in reducing symptoms of motion sickness or enhancing their ability to withstand rotations.
authors.affiliation: Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Downsview, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Jozsvai
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pigeau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001326:Autogenic Training; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D003312:Coriolis Force; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012881:Skin Temperature