title: Survey of cyclosporin-sparing agent use in Australasian transplant centres.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The co-prescription of drugs which elevate cyclosporin blood concentration has been advocated to reduce the costs associated with use of this expensive immunosuppressive drug. This is the first time that drugs have been widely prescribed for an economic purpose and while it is thought to be widespread, there are little published data on the extent of this practice in Australia and New Zealand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which cyclosporin sparing agents are used by Australian and New Zealand organ transplant centres, to determine which agents are used and why these agents are used by some but not all centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Organ transplant centres were surveyed via a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considerable variation in use of cyclosporin sparing agents exists both within and across organ transplant types by Australian and New Zealand transplant centres. Diltiazem use is more widespread than ketoconazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little of the variability in use of cyclosporin sparing agents can be explained by scientific considerations. While the central government benefits from the significant cost savings achieved by the use of cyclosporin sparing agents, individual transplant units may not. Transplant units may however be the major target in the event of litigation arising as a result of adverse effects. The availability of generic brands and improved formulations of cyclosporin may affect the viability of using cyclosporin sparing agents.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D009520:New Zealand; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000191:economics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004110:Diltiazem; D007654:Ketoconazole