title: Induction of acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa accelerates the time of pronucleus formation of hamster oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between the incidence of acrosome reaction (AR) and the timing of pronucleus (PN) formation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility Research Center, Jeil Women's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human semen obtained from fertile donors was prepared by one of the following methods: washing only (washed control); Percoll gradient; pentoxifylline; human follicular fluid (FF); pentoxifylline + FF; or platelet-activating factor (PAF) treatment. The AR of each group was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin or Arachis hypogea agglutinin. Spermatozoa of washed control, pentoxifylline + FF, and PAF treated groups, with significantly higher AR rate than others, were injected into mature hamster oocytes. Spermatozoon-injected oocytes were cultured for 6, 9, 12, or 15 hours. Then they were stained with Toluidine blue for PN formation examination under a light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acrosome reaction rates of washed control, Percoll gradient, pentoxifylline, FF, pentoxifylline + FF, and PAF treated groups were 10.5% +/- 2.6%, 10.3% +/- 1.7%, 16.4% +/- 1.8%, 24.8% +/- 5.6%, 28.4% +/- 3.8%, and 33.3% +/- 5.2%, respectively. Pronuclear formation rate in washed control, pentoxifylline + FF, and PAF treated groups were 5.6% (3/54), 19.0% (11/58), and 18.9% (10/53) at 6 hours; 32.7% (18/55), 51.8% (29/56), and 57.4% (31/54) at 9 hours; 36.1% (22/61), 53.6% (30/56), and 50.0% (27/54) at 12 hours; and 47.2% (25/53), 64.8% (35/54), 53.6% (30/56) at 15 hours after ICSI. Pronuclear formation rate was significantly higher in pentoxifylline + FF, and PAF treated groups than that in the washed control group at 6 and 9 hours after ICSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pronuclear formation of oocytes takes place faster on those that were injected with acrosome-reacted spermatozoon than those injected with acrosome-intact spermatozoon. It could be concluded that induction of the AR of spermatozoa accelerates the time of PN formation and early development of the embryo in ICSI.
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Jeil Women's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. yjwh1021@soback.kornet.nm.kr
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Roh
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D003593:Cytoplasm; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D008846:Micromanipulation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012099:Reproductive Techniques; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010431:Pentoxifylline