title: Location and behavior of dorsal determinants during first cell cycle in Xenopus eggs.
abstract: In Xenopus eggs, removal of small volumes of cytoplasm along with the surface (2-10% of the entire egg volume) causes very severe dorsal reduction (average DAI=1.4) when made at a site ventrally 30 degrees off the vegetal pole at 20% time of first cell cycle (0.2 NT). The greatest dorsal reduction (average DAI=1.1) occurs when removal is done at the vegetal pole at 0.3 NT, and intermediate reductions (average DAI=2.2-2.6) when done at sites dorsally, dorsolaterally or laterally 30 degrees off the vegetal pole at 0.4 NT. Removal at sites dorsally, dorsolaterally or laterally 60 degrees off the vegetal pole provokes slight dorsal reduction (average DAI=3.5-3.9) when made at 0.4-0.5 NT. Removal at all sites after 0.4 NT causes a steady decrease in the extent of dorsal reduction. By contrast, removal of larger volumes of dorsal cytoplasm (16-50% of the entire egg volume) causes a steady increase in the extent of dorsal reduction during first cell cycle with its maximum effect at 1.0 NT (average DAI=3.1). The surgery for the cytoplasmic removal does not affect cortical rotation. We conclude from these results that dorsal determinants are concentrated first in a small region ventrally 30 degrees off the vegetal pole by 0.2 NT, then move toward the vegetal pole during the period 0.2-0.3 NT and disperse to a broad region spanning over both the presumptive dorsal and ventral, but mainly the dorsal, hemispheres during the period 0.3-0.8 NT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002453:Cell Cycle; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000528:radiation effects; D004626:Embryology / Q000379:methods; D047108:Embryonic Development; D008846:Micromanipulation; D008954:Models, Biological; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014981:Xenopus; D015053:Zygote / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects