title: Effects of butanedione monoxime and temperature on prolonged cardiac storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal temperature for cardiac allograft storage remains controversial. We conjectured that supplementation of the potent cardioprotective agent 2,3-butanedione monoxime with calcium may improve allograft storage and make the precise storage temperature less critical.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearts were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (250 to 350 g), mounted on a Langendorff apparatus, and instrumented with an intraventricular balloon. Hearts were flushed and stored with either unmodified University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) or UWS supplemented with 10 mmol/L of 2,3-butanedione monoxime and calcium 0.1 mmol/L (BDM). Hearts were then subjected to 12 hours of storage at one of five temperatures (0 degree, 4 degrees, 8 degrees, 12 degrees, or 16 degrees C) in a complete 2 x 5 factorial design (n = 6/group). Data are reported either as a percentage of the prestorage results or as an absolute value (mean +/- standard deviation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery of developed pressure (p < 0.0001), coronary flow (p < 0.0001), and diastolic volume (p < 0.001) were significantly enhanced, whereas creatine kinase (p < 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase release (p < 0.0001) were reduced in the BDM versus the UWS groups. In both the BDM and UWS storage groups, recovery was better at temperatures of 8 degrees C or less than at 12 degrees C or more. The single preferred temperature was 4 degrees C, significantly better than 0 degree C with unmodified UWS, while similar to 0 degree and 8 degrees C with BDM. Adenine nucleotide values were decreased equally in the BDM and UWS hearts, but preservation was enhanced at 0 degree C compared with all warmer temperatures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 4 degrees C is the preferred temperature for prolonged cardiac storage with UWS and that the inclusion of 2,3-butanedione monoxime with calcium 0.1 mmol/L markedly enhances recovery for storage temperatures of 8 degrees C or less.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fremes
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mickle
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weisel
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D003931:Diacetyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005978:Glutathione; D007328:Insulin; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011887:Raffinose; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; C004717:diacetylmonoxime; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D003931:Diacetyl; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose