title: Mechanistic studies on metabolic chiral inversion of 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylthiomethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-748), an active metabolite of the new anti-rheumatic agent 2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-298), in rats.
abstract: The chiral inversion properties of 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylthiomethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-748), an active metabolite of 2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-298), were compared with those of ibuprofen in rats. After administration of R(-)-[2 alpha-2H]KE-748, S(+)-KE-748 was present in the rat plasma, and the deuterium atoms of the S(+)-enantiomer were almost all replaced by hydrogen atoms. After administration of S(+)-[2 alpha-2H]KE-748, the deuterium content of S(+)-KE-748 in the plasma remained intact. In the in vitro study, using a cell-free system and rat liver homogenates, the chiral inversion of ibuprofen was apparent when both CoA and ATP were present; however, KE-748 was not inverted. In the study on isolated rat hepatocytes, the unidirectional chiral inversion from R(-)-to S(+)-enantiomer was observed for both ibuprofen and KE-748. When R(-)-ibuprofen was incubated with medium and long chain fatty acids (carbon chain length C6 to C16), using isolated hepatocytes, the chiral inversion decreased significantly. On the other hand, when R(-)-KE-748 was incubated with short and medium chain fatty acids (carbon chain length C3 to C8), chiral inversion was inhibited markedly. To induce hepatic microsomal long chain fatty acid CoA ligase, rats were treated with clofibric acid (CF rats). In both in vitro and in vivo experiments on CF rats, chiral inversion from R(-)-to S(+)-ibuprofen was enhanced significantly compared with that in controls, whereas the enhancement was not observed in the case of R(-)-KE-748. There was no influence of benzoic acid, a typical substrate on medium chain fatty acid CoA ligase in the mitochondrial matrix, on chiral inversion of R(-)-ibuprofen, using, isolated hepatocytes. In contrast, the chiral inversion from R(-)-to S(+)-KE-748 was strongly inhibited in the presence of benzoic acid. These results indicate that chiral inversion of R(-)-KE-748 may proceed via formation of the CoA-thioester intermediate with loss of the 2 alpha-methine proton, in a manner similar to that seem with R(-)-ibuprofen. However, the enzymes needed to form CoA-thioester of R(-)-KE-748 differ from those for R(-)-ibuprofen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000502:physiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; C090799:FAA2 protein, S cerevisiae; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase; C078547:esonarimod; D007052:Ibuprofen