title: Reoperative coronary bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass through a small thoracotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The danger of coronary reoperations is mainly hidden in the reopening of the sternum and in the manipulation of the heart and the old grafts. Therefore, the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass procedure seems an ideal technique for coronary reoperations if only the left anterior descending coronary artery needs to be revascularized and the left internal mammary artery has not been used previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1995 until May 1996 we performed 81 minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass procedures through a small anterolateral thoracotomy in the fifth intercostal space, anastomosing the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Six of these 81 were reoperative minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass procedures on patients who had previously undergone coronary grafting through a median sternotomy with a vein graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operation time was 85.8 +/- 22.2 minutes. Mean length of the mammary pedicles was 13 +/- 2 cm. Mean coronary occlusion time was 9.2 +/- 3.2 minutes. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 +/- 1.2 days (range, 5 to 8 days). No mortality and no cardiac-related morbidity were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the technique is safe and promising in selected cases of reoperative coronary operation.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcenter, University Hospital of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mariani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000601:surgery*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy