[Why is the eye round?].
By an unsophisticated experiment, published data on the anatomy of the eye, wave theory of light, and the laws of geometrical optics the author tries to prove that a spherical concave screen is the optimal variant of a screen on which spherical wave front is projected, formed by a single lens. The shape of the wave front and of the concave screen are in complete agreement. Such optical imperfections as the field curvature, distortion, coma (partially), and astigmatism of the oblique light beams are compensated for. These optical drawbacks are undetectable on a concave screen, and hence they are proposed to be the shortcomings of a flat screen. The author compares this to a spherical shape of the eye, the posterior wall of which represents a concave screen, an indisputable fact, and assumes that the before-named optic imperfections are completely compensated for in human eye due to concavity of the posterior optic wall. Based on the anatomy and practical results of using aspherical refracting surfaces in artificial optic devices, the author draws a parallel with the anatomical structures of the eye possessing aspherical refracting surfaces in order to demonstrate that higher and lower-order spherical aberrations (Zeidel's aberrations) are fully compensated for in human eye, as are the position and enlargement chromatism. Analysis of published data permitted the author to assert that the eye of man is characterized by a method for compensation of spherical aberrations, which has no analogs in man-made practice. Hence, the Nature has imparted the eye with such a collection of compact, universal, and highly effective methods for compensation of optic imperfections, which is not to be found in any of the man-made devices of today.
Bystritskii
V I
VI
City Hospital N2, Makeevka, Donetsk Region.
D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena