title: [Nosocomial infections in Germany. Microbiological diagnosis, preventive antibiotics and antibiotic therapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The NIDEP-study (Nosocomial Infections in Germany-Prevalence and Prevention) is the first large multicenter survey to examine the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NI) in Germany. This part of the NIDEP-study describes the frequency and quality of the microbiological diagnosis, antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and therapy in representative German hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of nosocomial infections in 14 966 patients of 72 randomly selected representative German hospitals was determined. Frequency, nature and results of the microbiological diagnosis, antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and therapy were recorded simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 3.5%. The most common infections were urinary tract infections (42.1%), lower respiratory tract infections (20.6%), postoperative wound infections (15.8%), and septicemia (8.3%). Microbiological evaluation was done in 56.5% of the patients with infections. Only five of the 49 hospitals with less than 400 beds and only nine of the 23 hospitals with more than 400 beds had their own microbiological department. Antimicrobial chemotherapy was administered in 17.7% of the patients. In 35.1% of the patients who were treated with antibiotics, no clinical diagnosis of infection was made, criteria for nosocomial infections were not fulfilled or microbiological evaluation was not established. Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis was done in one third of the patients. Prophylaxis was missed in 20.6% of patients with colorectal operations, 60.1% of appendectomies, 48% of vaginal hysterectomies, and 35.5% of total hip replacements. On the other hand antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis was frequently administered in clean procedures without increased risk of postoperative wound infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufficient microbiological evaluation, inadequate perioperative antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and administration of chemotherapy without documented infection were detected in representative German hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacour
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gastmeier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulgen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rüden
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daschner
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents