[Alternating addictions: apropos of 3 cases].
The concept of addiction is now of interest in psychiatry, but is a great subject of controversies. It is now recognized that as different disorders as alcoholism, drug addiction, bulimia, kleptomania, trichotillomania, pathological gambling are to be considered as addictive states. Other pathological behaviours could be included in the addictive spectrum (i.e. suicidal behaviours, compulsive spending). The comorbidity rates of these disorder are elevated in these populations. For example, high comorbidity rates are found between kleptomania and bulimia or drug addiction and pathological gambling. Polyaddictive states are well established. For some subjects, more than one addiction is present in life-time, but not occurring in the same period. We present three patients in whom different addictive states occurred alternately. All the patients had a history of compulsive spending and kleptomania, two of them had a history of bulimia and sexual compulsion. Some clinical characteristics were common: recurrent mood disorder, depression preceeding the addictive state, no psychoactive substance disorder. In all patients, severity of depressive state decreased when addiction appeared. Depressive symptoms varied inversely to addiction severity. The hypothesis about psychopathological links between kleptomania and bulimia on one hand and mood disorders on the other hand has been known for a long time. Kleptomania as other impulsive disorders is, for some authors, understood in the meaning of a "spectrum affective disorder". For these three patients, an antidepressant effect of the behavioural addictions is suggested. In fact, the addictions appeared alternately. The possibility of common psychopathological and/or biological mechanisms for behavioural addiction is supported by these clinical observations, that could contribute to the addiction concept validity.
Baylé
F J
FJ
Service Hospitalo-Univesitaire de Santé mentale et de Thérapeutique, Centre hospitalier spécialisé Sainte-Anne, Université Paris V.
Chignon
J M
JM
Adès
J
J
Lôo
H
H
D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002032:Bulimia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment