title: The embryonic development of the human ethmoid labyrinth from 8-40 weeks.
abstract: The embryonic development of the human ethmoid labyrinth was studied in 24 fetal heads aged between 8 and 40 weeks of gestation under light microscopy. The uncinate process was identifiable at 8 weeks of gestation on the laterosuperior portion of the inferior turbinate; however, at this stage of development, the ethmoid bulla was not apparent. The ethmoid bulla developed on the lateral wall of the middle meatus by 12 weeks of gestation. By 14 weeks, the primordial ethmoid infundibulum and primordial maxillary sinus were seen developing between the uncinate process and the ethmoid bulla. It was obvious that the anterior and middle ethmoid cells developed from the ethmoid bulla. By 22 weeks of gestation, the first cell of the anterior ethmoid group was evident in the anterior-inferior portion of the ethmoid bulla. By 23 weeks of gestation, the first cell of the middle ethmoid group was visible in the superior portion of the ethmoid bulla. Pneumatization of the middle turbinate occurred as part of normal development of the ethmoid labyrinth. By 32 weeks of gestation, the ostium for the development of the middle turbinate cell was seen in the superior-interior portion of the middle turbinate. These observations provide new insight into the development of the ethmoid labyrinth and have important implications for the understanding of normal anatomy and developmental variants of the ethmoid labyrinth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000196:embryology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D014420:Turbinates / Q000196:embryology