Studies on the toxic effects of crambe meal and two of its constituents, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and epi-progoitrin, in broiler chick diets.
1. Studies were undertaken to determine a safe inclusion rate for crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meal in broiler chick diets, and to determine the mechanism for adverse effects by investigating its constituents; 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and 3-butenyl glucosinolate (epi-progoitrin, E-PG). 2. Crambe meals were prepared to differ in E-PG (19, 36 and 40 g/kg) and CHB contents (0.1, 0.7 and 1.9 g/kg), and with either active or inactive thioglucosidase. 3. Meals were fed to 7-d-old broiler chicks at 50 or 100 g/kg of the diet for 12 or 13 d. In separate studies, isolated E-PG or CHB were mixed into the diet or administered by gavage to 7-d-old broiler chicks in amounts equivalent to 50 or 100 g/kg crambe meal diets for 10 and 12 d, respectively. 4. Weight gain decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks fed on the high glucosinolate crambe diets or isolated E-PG. Food consumption decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks fed on the diet containing the high E-PG meal with active enzyme. 5. Mild liver lesions and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase were found in chicks fed on the diet containing the high glucosinolate meal with active enzyme. Other organs, including thyroids, were normal. 6. Commercially-processed crambe meal appeared safe at an inclusion rate of 50 or 100 g/kg diet, but could not be recommended at this point for long term feeding.
Kloss
P
P
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
Jeffery
E
E
Tumbleson
M
M
Zhang
Y
Y
Parsons
C
C
Wallig
M
M
D000475:Alkenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000592:standards; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000592:standards
D000475:Alkenes; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates; D009570:Nitriles; D010940:Plant Proteins; C055903:1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene; C009048:progoitrin; C024934:crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases