title: Update on therapy for refractory dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
abstract: Evaluation of new therapies for the inflammatory myopathies is complicated by the heterogeneity of these syndromes as well as by the lack of internationally accepted definitions of disease categories and assessments of disease activity and chronicity. This review covers our opinion of therapies and emphasizes the need for an early rehabilitation evaluation for these patients. Oral corticosteroids are the first line of therapy for the inflammatory myopathies, but because of their side effects and the existence of a subset of patients in whom disease is controlled only with high-dose corticosteroids, we recommend considering the early use of a second-line immunomodulating agents or pulse intravenous methylprednisolone. A stepwise progression of therapies is suggested for patients who have increasing muscle weakness resulting from active disease.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-1820, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villalba
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002699:Chlorambucil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D002699:Chlorambucil; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D001379:Azathioprine; D016559:Tacrolimus; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D008727:Methotrexate