title: Complications and recovery from laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy compared with abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To complete a systematic review of the published literature comparing complications, postoperative recovery time, and costs following laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), and vaginal hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE and several bibliographies, identifying all reports using the term "laparoscopy-assisted hysterectomy" published from 1989 to September 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  We excluded case reports, letters, and reports of laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy procedures used for radical cancer surgery, sex-change operations, total laparoscopic hysterectomy, or supracervical hysterectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases identified included 3112 laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomies, 1618 TAHs, and 690 vaginal hysterectomies. Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy cases compared with TAH cases demonstrated significantly greater incidence of bladder injury (1.8% for laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus 0.4% for TAH; P = .01), significantly longer operating room time (115 minutes, standard deviation [SD] 37 minutes, for laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus 87 minutes, SD 18 minutes, for TAH; P < .001), and significantly shorter hospitalization (49 hours, SD 16 hours, for laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus 79 hours, SD 20 hours, for TAH; P < .001). Use of analgesia was consistently less for laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and return to full activity was always sooner when compared to TAH. Cost for the new procedure was higher in seven out of 11 studies, but when disposable instruments and hospital length of stay are considered, the remaining four studies reported a lower cost for laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy involves a shorter hospital stay, speedier postoperative recovery, and less analgesia use, there is also a higher rate of bladder injury and lengthier surgery. These outcomes must be weighed when choosing an intervention.
authors.affiliation: Colorado Permanente Medical Group; Kaiser Permanente, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Meikle
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orleans
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology