title: Refractory asthma, Part 1: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, pharmacologic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jagoda
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spevitz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000777:Anesthetics; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D014970:Xanthines; C008514:methylxanthine; D008274:Magnesium