title: Bladder rehabilitation, the effect of a cognitive training programme on urge incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of a 10-day inpatient treatment programme for persistent urge incontinence based on behavior modification via biofeedback of micturition behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  95 patients aged 6-17 (86 girls, 9 boys) with documented and persistent urge incontinence, with or without dysfunctional voiding, mostly based on recurrent urinary tract infections, and at least a 1 year lasting failure of standard regimen and pharmacological therapy, were 'cognitively' treated. After 6 months the patients were evaluated for flow pattern, number of wet incidents, micturition frequency and urge compliants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  65 patients (68.4%) obtained good results, 12 (12.6%) showed average improvement, 18 patients (19%) did not improve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cognitive noninvasive treatment programme seems promising in its effectiveness and compares favorably with existing biofeedback methods based on urodynamic procedures, although expensive by its inpatient status. Further study towards an outpatient implementation is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Psychology, University Hospital for Children and Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vijverberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elzinga-Plomp
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Gool
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014039:Toilet Training; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation*