title: Activated cytotoxic lymphocytes in lymph nodes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1-infected patients: a light and electronmicroscopic study.
abstract: Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy often develops during HIV-infection. It is characterized by follicular hyperplasia which progresses over time to follicular involution and finally lymphocyte depletion. To determine whether activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) are present in the hyperplastic germinal centres, light and electronmicroscopic immunogold labelling with monoclonal antibodies were used to localize two cytotoxic molecules, perforin and TIA-1. Perforin and TIA-1-positive cells were detected in the follicles and paracortex of lymph nodes from HIV-infected patients, whereas labelling was seen only in cells of the paracortex in the hyperplastic lymph nodes from HIV-negative patients. Cytotoxic granules, staining positive for perforin and TIA-1, were identified by transmission electronmicroscopy, often in proximity to follicular dendritic cells within the hyperplastic germinal centres of only HIV-positive patients. These cytotoxic cells may play a role in the follicular dendritic cell loss and concomitant follicular involution that occur during the evolution of HIV disease.
authors.affiliation: George Washington University, Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sunila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaccarezza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Orenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008875:Middle Aged; D054353:Perforin; D039102:Poly(A)-Binding Proteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000074019:T-Cell Intracellular Antigen-1; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D039102:Poly(A)-Binding Proteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000074019:T-Cell Intracellular Antigen-1; C071558:TIA1 protein, human; D054353:Perforin; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor