title: Increased survival after long-term treatment with mibefradil, a selective T-channel calcium antagonist, in heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the effects of mibefradil on survival, hemodynamic variables and cardiac remodeling in a rat model of chronic heart failure (HF) and to compare these effects with those of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor cilazapril.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The use of calcium channel blocking agents in chronic HF has been disappointing. Most studies have shown that these drugs have either no or even detrimental effects due in part to the negative inotropic effects they induce. Mibefradil is a calcium channel blocker that selectively blocks T channels and displays moderately negative inotropic properties only at high doses. Because T channels are upregulated in the hypertrophied heart and could mediate hypertrophic signals and increase arrhythmogenicity, blockade of these channels might be beneficial in chronic HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation and 9 months of treatment with mibefradil (15 mg/kg body weight per day) or cilazapril (10 mg/kg per day) or no treatment. Survival and systolic blood pressure were assessed over the 9-month treatment period, after which cardiac hemodynamic variables and structure were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mibefradil increased survival rate to the same extent as cilazapril (71% for mibefradil vs. 75% for cilazapril and 44% for no treatment). Mibefradil decreased systolic blood pressure, although to a lesser extent than cilazapril. Both treatments decreased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and central venous pressures, without any change in the first derivative of LV pressure over time or heart rate. Mibefradil decreased LV weight (although less than cilazapril) without affecting right ventricular weight. Finally, both drugs normalized LV collagen density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mibefradil in a rat model improved survival to the same extent as an ACE inhibitor, without impairing LV function, and was associated with a reduction in LV weight and fibrosis. Thus, mibefradil might be beneficial in the treatment of chronic HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Medical School, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Compagnon
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lallemand
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clozel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Macé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thuillez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020748:Mibefradil; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002395:Catecholamines; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D020748:Mibefradil; D012083:Renin