title: Case-control study of an outbreak of clinical disease attributable to Salmonella menhaden infection in eight dairy herds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors associated with Salmonella menhaden associated disease in adult dairy cows during an outbreak in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 case dairies that had > or = 1 adult animal that had clinical signs of salmonellosis and from which S menhaden was isolated and 22 control dairies, 16 of which were matched on the basis of herd size and county and 6 of which were matched on the basis of herd size, county, and breed (Jersey).
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was developed and reviewed with the herdsman or owner of each dairy. Primary areas of concern were herd management, disease characteristics, and feed-related information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of 1 particular feed mill and feeding animal fat were significant risk factors for clinical disease attributable to S menhaden infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feed should not be overlooked as a potential source of Salmonella organisms in dairy herds.
authors.affiliation: California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Modesto, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hird
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats