title: [Use of a mix of lidocaine and butorphanol as a caudal epidural anesthesia in a mare].
abstract: Loss of rear motor control is the main limiting factor in the use of caudal epidural anesthesia in the horse. In man and laboratory animals, a small dose of an opiate combined with a local anesthetic enhances analgesia without impairing motor function. Thus, the amount of local anesthetic administered may be reduced. Butorphanol is an opiate widely used in horses. It has a good margin of safety and few cardiorespiratory effects. The effects of lidocaine (0.25 mg/kg) and lidocaine-butorphanol (0.25 mg/kg, and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively) were compared in 2 groups of 5 healthy unsedated mares. Horses in each group received either lidocaine or lidocaine-butorphanol in saline solution for a total volume of 0.0165 mg/kg. Epidural injection was performed at the first coccygeal interspace. Each mare was used only once. Cutaneous analgesia was assessed by a response to a pin prick; and visceral analgesia was assessed by response to a noxious stimulus applied to the urethra. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood pressure were also measured. Analysis of the results showed an increase in duration of both cutaneous and visceral analgesia in the mares given lidocaine-butorphanol. Cutaneous analgesia increased from 36 +/- 13 to 150 +/- 21 min and visceral analgesia increased from 22 +/- 10 to 162 +/- 16 min. A cranial extension of the cutaneous analgesia was also observed. Cardiorespiratory depression or signs of excitation were not observed. However, these mares demonstrated peculiar walking in the hind limbs, not associated with signs of ataxia or hyperkinesia.
authors.affiliation: Département de biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Csik-Salmon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blais
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaillancourt
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisaillon
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002077:Butorphanol