title: New aspects of urolithiasis in France. GERBAP: Groupe d'Evaluation et de Recherche des Biologistes de l'Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm epidemiological studies showing a continuous progression of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in western countries, we investigated some aspects of the evolution of stone disease in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calculi collected from 1977 to 1993 in 10,438 adult French patients were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Only 8,631 well-documented cases were available. The anatomical location, the removal mode of calculi, and the time evolution of stone composition were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stones were more often retained in the upper urinary tract in females than in males and needed urological removal. Uric acid stones were more frequently observed on the left side in both sexes (p < 0.0001). Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy seems to have been used for a time in calculi which would have been spontaneously discharged. Calcium oxalate stones were preponderant, but their proportion did not change in both sexes. A significant decrease of the proportion of calcium phosphate stones was observed in females (p < 0.0001), probably responsible for the increase of the male/female sex ratio from 1.7 to 2.4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our observations and from the evolution of dietary habits in France, it can be deduced that urolithiasis trends to a plateau.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donsimoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hennequin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fellahi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Troupel
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moël
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daudon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous