title: Relevance of human papillomavirus screening in management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of human papillomavirus detection in identifying women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears who can be safely followed up with cytologic study only, we conducted a study to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of a Food and Drug Administration-approved human papillomavirus test kit for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in colposcopically directed biopsy specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears referred to a colposcopy clinic serving indigent patients. All 1128 women had a referral Papanicolaou smear, a clinic Papanicolaou smear, and a sample for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid test; 1075 underwent colposcopically directed biopsies and endocervical curettage. We used the HPV Profile kit for human papillomavirus testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 486 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions on Papanicolaou smear, 35.4% had high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid detected, and of 592 with high-grade lesions, 44.4% had high-risk human papillomavirus detected. Among 527 women with biopsy specimens showing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and in 267 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3, 38.7% and 56.2% had high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid detected. However, the sensitivity of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid detection to identify biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 was 55.7%, and the positive predictive value of the test was only 34.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human papillomavirus appears to be causally associated with cervical cancer but human papillomavirus screening does not appear to be of value to identify women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears who can be safely followed up with cytologic study alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Icenogle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Press
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uhler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Entman
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Reeves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015344:DNA Probes, HPV; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D015344:DNA Probes, HPV