title: Delayed visual feedback while learning to track a moving target.
abstract: Two studies investigated the effects of delayed visual feedback on manual tracking. In Experiment 1, individuals practiced with visual feedback provided either immediately (0 delay) or with a 333-ms delay. During acquisition, the 0 delay group performed with less error than the 333-ms delay group. A retention test with 0 delay feedback was performed with the least error by the 0 delay group. A transfer test using a different 0 delay tracking pattern, was performed with the least error by the 333-ms delay group. In Experiment 2, individuals practiced at six different delays. Error increased as training feedback delay increased. For retention there were no differences between the delay groups during the 0 delay retention. At a 417-ms retention, test error decreased as training feedback delay increased. Results indicate that error during acquisition does not necessarily impair learning and that feedback delays can be beneficial for learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario. carnahan@healthy.uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carnahan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D014785:Vision, Ocular