title: Epidermal growth factor receptor activation induces nuclear targeting of cyclooxygenase-2, basolateral release of prostaglandins, and mitogenesis in polarizing colon cancer cells.
abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the risk of colon cancer, possibly via cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. The growth factor-inducible COX-2, which is overexpressed in neoplastic colonic tissue, is an attractive target to mediate this effect. Herein we have exploited the ability of a human colon cancer cell line, HCA-7 Colony 29, to polarize when cultured on Transwell (Costar) filters to study COX-2 production and the vectorial release of prostaglandins (PGs). Administration of type alpha transforming growth factor to the basolateral compartment, in which the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) resides, results in a marked induction of COX-2 immunoreactivity at the base of the cells and the unexpected appearance of COX-2 in the nucleus. The increase in COX-2 protein is associated with a dose- and time-dependent increase in PG levels in the basolateral, but not apical, medium. Amphiregulin is the most abundantly expressed EGFR ligand in these cells, and the protein is present at the basolateral surface. EGFR blockade reduces baseline COX-2 immunoreactivity, PG levels, and mitogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Two specific COX-2 inhibitors, SC-58125 and NS 398, also, in a dose-dependent manner, attenuate baseline and type alpha transforming growth factor-stimulated mitogenesis, although PG levels are decreased > 90% at all concentrations of inhibitor tested. These findings show that activation of the EGFR stimulates COX-2 production and its translocation to the nucleus, vectorial release of PGs, and mitogenesis in polarized HCA-7 Colony 29 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. coffey rj@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hawkey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Damstrup
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graves-Deal
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chinery
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jetton
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D066258:Amphiregulin; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008938:Mitosis; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013467:Sulindac / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D013449:Sulfonamides; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; C090859:1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole; D013467:Sulindac; C025462:sulindac sulfide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D066246:ErbB Receptors