title: Comparison of an acid-fast stain and a monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence reagent for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faecal specimens from cattle and pigs.
abstract: A commercially available direct immunofluorescence (IF) assay with monoclonal antibodies (Monofluo Kit Cryptosporidium, Diagnostics Pasteur, France) was compared with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) acid-fast technique for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faecal samples from cattle and pigs. Stool specimens individually collected from 108 bovines and 90 pigs were examined in a blind test. The results of the two procedures corresponded (both positive or negative) in 102 (94.4%) cattle samples and 80 (88.9%) pig faecal samples. However, the remaining six (5.5%) cattle specimens and 10 (11.1%) pig stool samples, all of them harboring few oocysts (0-1 oocysts per 20 x field), were negative by MZN and positive by IF. False-negative results of the acid-fast stain occurred in suckling (17.2% of discrepant results) and weaned calves (2.9%) as well as weaned piglets (43.7%) and fattening pigs (10%). Stool specimens from the remaining age groups were negative by both techniques. The MacNemar's chi-square test showed that differences between both methods were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with immunofluorescence procedure, the sensitivity of MZN technique in samples from cattle and pigs was 79.3% and 67.7% and the negative predictive value was 92.9% and 85.5% respectively. The specificity and positive predictive values of the acid-fast stain were 100% in both animal species. It is concluded that the monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence reagent evaluated is more efficient that the MZN technique, especially for detecting a low number of Cryptosporidium oocysts, in faecal specimens from both cattle and pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Pathology, Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Autónoma of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quílez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Acedo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: del Cacho
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López-Bernad
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004396:Coloring Agents