title: Spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in northcentral Colorado.
abstract: Between March 1981 and June 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral Colorado (USA). Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. Clinical signs included emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ataxia, and weakness. Emaciation with total loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue and serous atrophy of remaining fat depots were the only consistent gross findings. Spongiform encephalopathy characterized by microcavitation of gray matter, intraneuronal vacuolation and neuronal degeneration was observed microscopically in all cases. Scrapie-associated prion protein or an antigenically indistinguishable protein was demonstrated in brains from 26 affected animals, 10 using an immunohistochemical staining procedure, nine using electron microscopy, and seven using Western blot. Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions and ancillary test findings in affected deer and elk were indistinguishable from those reported in chronic wasting disease of captive cervids. Prevalence estimates, transmissibility, host range, distribution, origins, and management implications of spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging deer and elk remain undetermined.
authors.affiliation: Colorado State Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Spraker
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Getzy
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Schoonveld
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Spowart
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Merz
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D003670:Deer; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018622:PrP 27-30 Protein / Q000032:analysis; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011328:Prions / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D011328:Prions; D018622:PrP 27-30 Protein