title: Endoscopic nasogastric-jejunal feeding tube placement in critically ill patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Historically, placement of small bowel nasoenteric feeding tubes in the critically ill patient has been difficult because of lack of bedside fluoroscopy, inadequately designed endoscopic tubes, or failure of the tube to spontaneously pass into the duodenum following placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed-up 54 consecutive critically ill patients who had a combined nasogastric-jejunal feeding tube placed at the bedside using a new endoscopic, nonfluoroscopic method of placement. Data were obtained on the placement procedure, outcomes, and complications that followed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tubes were successfully placed in 94% of the patients in an average time of 12 minutes. Negative outcomes included the following: inadvertent removal by patient or staff (21%), intolerance to tube feeding (14%), clogging (9%), kinking (6%), and cracking at the tube adapter (11%). The duration of the tube following placement ranged from 1 to 42 days, with an average of 9 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined tubes were easy to place endoscopically. The endoscopic, nonfluoroscopic method of placing feeding tubes can be performed at the bedside and allows for gastric decompression and enteral feeding to be rapidly and efficiently achieved, which is particularly useful for intubated patients in an intensive care setting. Negative outcomes should decrease by avoidance of inadvertent tube removal and by improved tube maintenance and materials.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marulendra
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: DeLegge
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007582:Jejunostomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods