title: Detection of breast cancer at a smaller size can reduce the likelihood of metastatic spread: a quantitative analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors extrapolated the lognormal relationship between size of tumor and probability of metastasis to include small tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extrapolation was performed by using linear weighted regression analysis techniques to estimate prediction intervals for the predicted probabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumors detected at 1 cm in diameter had a 7.31% probability of metastasis (95% prediction interval [PI], 4.36% to 11.6%). Tumors detected at 5 mm in diameter had a 1.23% probability of metastasis (95% PI, 0.45% to 3.0%). Tumors detected at 2 mm had a 0.049% probability of metastasis (95% PI, 0.00705% to 0.267%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis shows a major reduction in metastasis probability when tumors are detected at small sizes. These results suggest that detection of very early tumors can substantially reduce the likelihood of metastatic spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sivaramakrishna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis