title: Hemodynamic and gas exchange responses to inhalation of nitric oxide in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome and in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) can improve oxygenation and decrease mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is not known whether inhaled NO exerts a similar effect in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General intensive care unit in Sabadell, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine mechanically ventilated COPD patients (mean age 72 +/- 2 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 s 0.91 +/- 0.11 l) and nine ARDS patients (mean age 57 +/- 6 years; mean lung injury score 2.8 +/- 0.1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters before NO inhalation (basal 1), during inhalation of 10 ppm NO (NO-10), and 20 min after NO was discontinued (in basal 2) in the ARDS group. In the COPD group, these parameters were measured before NO inhalation (basal 1), during different doses of inhaled NO (10, 20, and 30 ppm), and 20 min after NO was discontinued (basal 2). A positive response to NO was defined as a 20% increment in basal arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). MPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased significantly, while other hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged after NO-10 in both groups. Basal oxygenation was higher in the COPD group (PaO2/FIO2 (fractional inspired oxygen) 190 +/- 18 mmHg) than in the ARDS group (PaO2/FIO2 98 +/- 12 mmHg), (p < 0.01). After NO-10, PaO2/FIO2 increased (to 141 +/- 17 mmHg, p < 0.01) and Qva/Qt decreased (39 +/- 3 to 34 +/- 3%, p < 0.01) in the ARDS group. There were no changes in PaO2/FIO2 and Qva/Qt when the NO concentration was increased to 30 ppm in the COPD group. In both groups, a correlation was found between basal MPAP and basal PVR, and between the NO-induced decrease in MPAP and in PVR. The NO-induced increase in PaO2/FIO2 was not correlated with basal PaO2/FIO2. In the ARDS group, six of the nine patients (66%) responded to NO and in the COPD group, two of nine (22%) (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NO inhalation had similar effects on hemodynamics but not on gas exchange in ARDS and COPD patients, and this response probably depends on the underlying disease.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blanch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vallés
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baigorri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artigas
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000628:therapy; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide