title: Safety of early hospital discharge of selected febrile children and adolescents with cancer with prolonged neutropenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety of early hospital discharge (i.e., before the absolute neutrophil count [ANC] exceeds 500 cell/mm3) of febrile neutropenic children and adolescents with cancer who had experienced prolonged neutropenia (i.e., for more than 7 days) following admission has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and thirty nine consecutive admissions of children and adolescents with cancer for management of febrile neutropenia were reviewed. Early discharge criteria included absence of fever for 24 hours prior to discharge, sterile blood cultures for 24 hours, evidence of bone marrow recovery defined as a sustained increase in platelet count and ANC or absolute phagocyte count (APC), and control of local infection if present. Children hospitalized with febrile neutropenia who remained neutropenic for more than 7 days were analyzed to assess their outcomes following discharge it they had met criteria for early hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients in whom neutropenia had persisted for more than 7 days were discharged before attaining an ANC greater than 500/mm3 when they met the early discharge criteria. Only two children (6%) required readmission for recurrent fever, a rate which was not different from that of patients discharged after a more transient episode of neutropenia (2 of 33 vs. 3 of 121, P = 0.3). Both patients who were readmitted had a source of local infection which worsened despite oral antibiotics. Both patients appeared clinically well at the time of readmission and had sterile cultures during their second hospitalization with resolution of local infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that low-risk criteria used to select children with cancer for discharge before complete resolution of neutropenia can be safely applied to those patients whose neutropenia lasted more than 7 days following admission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tkaczewski
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009504:Neutrophils; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010359:Patient Readmission; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors