title: Pulmonary artery banding: adequacy and long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary artery banding remains a palliative option for patients with congenital heart disease and excessive pulmonary blood flow, if there is unfavourable anatomy or frail condition. In contrast to more developed countries, our patients at Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, often present to medical services late and in poor nutritional condition. We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing pulmonary artery banding to determine major variables that influenced long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 10-year period ending June 1992, 135 consecutive patients underwent pulmonary artery banding; 89 with ventricular septal defect type non-mixing disorders, and 46 with mixing or complex disorders. The median age was 3.0 months and weight 3.5 kg with 74.8% of patients weighing less than the third percentile (NCHS adapted), and 39.3% had an additional serious medical illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary banding mortality was 8.1%, and was higher in neonates (22.2%), P = 0.04) but was not related to congenital disorder, associated medical illness, or associated coarctation or interrupted aortic arch. The pulmonary band was inadequate at follow-up in 28.9%, which occurred more commonly if banding was necessary before 3 months of age (41.5%, P = 0.003) but was not related to weight, congenital disorder or associated respiratory infection. Sixty patients (44.4%) have now proceeded to definitive repair with a mortality of 23.3%, which was increased if the pulmonary band was inadequate at the time of definitive repair (44.4%: P = 0.02), but was not related to the congenital disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An inadequate pulmonary artery band adversely affects outcome and demands further aggressive management prior to definitive repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: U O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Von Oppell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hewitson
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013019:South Africa; D015996:Survival Rate