title: Regulation of cytokine expression in macrophages and the Langerhans cell-like line XS52 by calcitonin gene-related peptide.
abstract: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits antigen presentation by Langerhans cells (LC) and macrophages, and LC are anatomically associated with CGRP-containing epidermal nerves. To determine whether CGRP may produce some of its functional effects through regulation of cytokine expression, we utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of conditioned supernatants to examine production of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 beta protein in the LC-like cell line XS52 as well as the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to examine levels of mRNA for IL-10, IL-1 beta, and the 40-kDa subunit (p40) of IL-12. CGRP augmented the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) -induced release of IL-10 protein and the induced expression of IL-10 mRNA in these cells. However, it suppressed the induction of release of IL-1 beta protein and the induction of mRNA for IL-12 p40 and IL-1 beta by LPS and GM-CSF. Regulation of cytokine expression in peritoneal macrophages was also examined. By ELISA, the LPS-induced expression of IL-10 was augmented by CGRP, whereas the induction of IL-1 beta was suppressed. Northern analysis demonstrated augmentation of LPS-induced IL-10 mRNA levels and inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1 beta mRNA by CGRP. CGRP inhibited the LPS-induced induction of IL-12 mRNA as assessed by RT-PCR. Up-regulation of B7-2 expression by LPS and GM-CSF was suppressed by CGRP in both XS52 cells and macrophages, as previously reported. This suppression, however, could be abrogated by co-culture with neutralizing antibodies to IL-10. Furthermore, the presence of neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 during exposure of epidermal cells (EC) to CGRP prevented the CGRP-mediated suppression of EC presentation of tumor-associated antigens (from the S1509a spindle cell carcinoma) for elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity in S1509a-immune mice. These data suggest that suppression of antigen-presenting function by CGRP is mediated, at least in part, by changes in cytokine expression that favor less robust antigen presentation for cell-mediated immunity.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beissert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asahina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rook
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Granstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide