title: Comparison of eight and 12 hour shifts: impacts on health, wellbeing, and alertness during the shift.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The generally agreed view is that there is no ideal shift system, and that most systems will have both advantages and disadvantages. As such, attention has been placed on trying to identify good and bad features of shift systems, with a view to minimising the possible ill health as a consequence of shiftwork. The present study focuses on the duration of the shift and looks at the implications for individual health, wellbeing, and alertness during the shift of extending the shift from the traditional eight hours to 12.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of chemical workers, one working 12 hour shifts and the other working eight hour shifts, took part. All completed a modified version of the standard shiftwork index (SSI), a set of self reported questionnaires related to health and wellbeing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups did not differ on most outcome measures, although the differences that did exist suggested advantages for the 12 hour shift workers over the eight hour shift workers; with the notable exception of rated alertness at certain times of day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are explained in terms of the design of the 12 hour shift system and the specific sequencing of shifts that seem to minimise the potential for the build up of fatigue. Although the current data moderately favour 12 hour shifts, a cautionary note is sounded with regard to the implications of the alertness ratings for performance and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wales Swansea.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Folkard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014851:Wakefulness; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*