Effect of omega 3 fatty acid on plasma lipids, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content in NIDDM patients.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma lipid, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content of non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals consuming a higher (0.65, n = 10) or lower (0.44, n = 18) ratio of dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S). The participants were initially given an olive oil supplement (placebo) equivalent to 35 mg of 18:1. kg body weight-1.day-1 for 3 months. This was followed by two omega 3 supplement periods in a randomized crossover. In these 3-month periods, participants were given a linseed oil supplement equivalent to 35 mg of 18:3 omega 3.kg body weight-1.day-1 or a fish oil supplement equivalent to 35 mg of 20:5 omega 3 + 22:6 omega 3.kg body weight-1. day-1. At the end of each supplement period, a blood sample was drawn from each participant for lipid, lipoprotein, insulin, glucagon and C-peptide analyses. At the end of each 3-month period a 7-day dietary record was completed to calculate dietary fat intake and P/S ratio. Results indicate that fish oil significantly reduced plasma triacylglycerol level (p < 0.05) and increased 20:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3 content of all lipoprotein lipid classes. Linolenic acid supplementation had no effect on plasma triacylglycerol level, but it increased 18:3 omega 3 content of lipoprotein cholesterol ester fractions (p < 0.05). A slight increase in 20:5 omega 3, but not 22:6 omega 3, content was noted in lipoprotein lipid classes as a result of 18:3 omega 3 supplementation. LDL and HDL cholesterol, insulin, glucagon and C-peptide levels were not affected by either omega 3 supplement. It is concluded that a modest intake of omega 3 fatty acids, such as could be obtained from consuming fish regularly, will reduce plasma triglyceride level without affecting LDL or HDL cholesterol levels.
Goh
Y K
YK
Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Jumpsen
J A
JA
Ryan
E A
EA
Clandinin
M T
MT
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015930:Diet Records; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000032:analysis*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D008043:Linseed Oil