title: Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and risk of peripheral arterial disease in US male physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate alcohol consumption decreases the risk of coronary heart disease, but its relation to peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is uncertain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of the use of aspirin and beta-carotene in 22071 apparently healthy men, we documented 433 incident cases of PAD during 11 years of follow-up. After we controlled for age and treatment assignment, daily drinkers (> or = 7 drinks per week) had a relative risk (RR) of PAD of 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.17) compared with the reference group (< 1 drink per week). After additional control for smoking, however, the RR was 0.68 (0.52 to 0.89). Further control for exercise, diabetes mellitus, and parental history of myocardial infarction revealed an RR of 0.74 (0.57 to 0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate alcohol consumption appears to decrease the risk of PAD in apparently healthy men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204, USA. camargoc@a1.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Goldhaber
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hennekens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001158:Arteries; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D010820:Physicians; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D001241:Aspirin