title: Characterization of the human platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter: identification of a GATA-2 binding element required for optimal transcriptional activity.
abstract: Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a 130-kD member of the Ig gene superfamily that is expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, and certain leukocyte subsets. To examine the factors controlling vascular-specific expression of PECAM-1, we cloned the 5'-flanking region of the PECAM-1 gene and analyzed its transcriptional activity. 5'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) analysis showed that transcription initiation occurred at several closely spaced nearby sites originating approximately 204 bp upstream from the translation start site. Analysis of the sequence immediately upstream from the transcription initiation site (TIS) showed no canonical TATA or CAAT elements, however an initiator element commonly found in TATA-less promoters encompassed the TIS. 5'-serially truncated PECAM-1 promoter segments cloned in front of a luciferase reporter drove transcription in both a lineage- and orientation-specific manner. Putative cis-acting control elements present within a 300-bp core promoter included two ets sites, an Sp1 site, tandem E-box domains, two GATA-associated sites (CACCC), an AP-2 binding site, and a GATA element at -24. Mutational analysis showed that optimal transcriptional activity required the GATA sequence at position -24, and gel-shift assays further showed that the GATA-2 transcription factor, but not GATA-1, bound to this region of the PECAM-1 promoter. Understanding the cis- and transacting factors that regulate the tissue-specific expression of PECAM-1 should increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which vascular-specific gene expression is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Blood Research Institute, The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53201-2178, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gumina
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Kirschbaum
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piotrowski
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; C494711:GATA2 protein, human; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA