title: Fibronectin and antithrombin as markers of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The differential diagnosis between pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension is not easy, but is essential to proper management of a pregnancy. Patients presenting pre-pregnancy hypertension can be treated conservatively, if not a superimposed pre-eclampsia occurs, controlling pressure pharmacologically and completing the pregnancy with a natural delivery. In pre-eclampsia, hypertension is merely the visible sign of a process of endothelial damage and coagulation cascade activation which is often destined to emerge clinically on a dramatic scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 18 women with physiological pregnancies, 19 with pre-eclampsia and 13 with chronic hypertension since superimposed pre-eclampsia. The following laboratory tests were performed: PT, PTT, AT-III, proteins C and S, platelet count, D-dimer, fibrinogen and plasma fibronectin. The three groups were compared using the Kruskall Wallis test, the median test and, for multiple comparisons, the Mann-Whitney test. A 'P' value of < 0.01 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values for plasma fibronectin were higher in the pre-eclampsia group (410 mg/l (253-727)) than in controls (262 mg/l (183-385)) (P < 0.01) and values for AT-III were lower in the pre-eclampsia group (73% (40-100)) than in controls (93% (80-126) (P < 0.01) (Table 2). The groups with chronic hypertension revealed no such significant differences, however, in relation to the control group (fibronectin = 296 mg/l (198-530), AT-III = 86% (75-103)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measuring antithrombin and fibronectin to monitor any onset of pre-eclampsia can help the obstetrician to avoid important diagnostic and therapeutic errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Paternoster
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simioni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girolami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D010976:Platelet Count; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D005353:Fibronectins; D000990:Antithrombin III