title: Antiallergic activity of topical lodoxamide on in vivo and in vitro models.
abstract: Lodoxamide is an antiallergic drug acting as a mast-cell stabilizer, which is effective in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of lodoxamide eye-drops on the inflammatory early-phase reaction (EPR) changes induced by allergen-specific conjunctival challenge (ASCC). This was a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, including 10 outpatients suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to Parietaria judaica. Patients received one drop of lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1% or placebo 30 min before each ASCC. Clinical evaluation and cytologic assessment were done at baseline and 30 min after each ASCC. Lodoxamide induced a reduction in total symptom score and hyperemia during the EPR (P < 0.05). Lacrimation, itching/burning, and eyelid swelling were only slightly (nonsignificantly) reduced. Lodoxamide induced a reduction in the total number of inflammatory cells and neutrophils during the EPR (P < 0.02). Eosinophil and lymphocyte number and ICAM-1 expression showed only a slight, not statistically significant decrease. Placebo did not affect the studied parameters. Lodoxamide reduced early clinical events and cellular changes after ASCC consistently with its activity as mast-cell stabilizer. Moreover, lodoxamide was able to downregulate in vitro ICAM-1 expression on the continuously cultured, differentiated conjunctival cell line WK. This was shown both in basal conditions (P < 0.05) and upon interferon-gamma stimulation (P < 0.03), although at high concentration.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Internal Medicine-DI.M.I, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciprandi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buscaglia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catrullo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paolieri
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fiorino
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010072:Oxamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D010072:Oxamic Acid; C021702:lodoxamide ethyl