title: Clinical significance of immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the clinical significance of p53 protein in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The p53 protein in the paraffin-embedded materials taken from 72 patients with RCCs was evaluated immunohistochemically and was compared with the histological findings, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), genetic instability as assessed by 2c deviation index (2cDI) and 5c exceeding rate (5cER) as well as clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The p53 positivity was demonstrated only in a localized and/or focal area of the cancerous tissue. The positive rate of p53 protein was 40.3% in this study. The p53 protein significantly correlated with nuclear grade as well as PCNA expression (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Although there was a wide scatter of 2cDI and 5cER values between p53 positive and negative RCCs, the RCC with positive p53 exhibited significantly higher values in 2cDI as well as 5cER, as compared to that with negative p53 (p < 0.02 and p < 0.005, respectively). However, some of the RCCs with negative p53 showed relatively higher values in 2cDI and 5cER. Using univariate analysis, the prognostic relevance was noted in T, N, M categories, age and p53 positivity, while it was not in 2cDI, 5cER and PCNA expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that N category and p53 positivity were independently significant indicators in predicting survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of p53 protein might reflect the genetic instability already occurred. The p53 positivity reflecting a high cellular proliferation could afford an additional but useful information when predicting survival in patients with RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009154:Mutation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53