title: Region-specific central nervous system expression and axotomy-induced regulation in sympathetic neurons of a VIP-beta-galactosidase fusion gene in transgenic mice.
abstract: To assess the activity of cis-acting elements that direct human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression in vivo, two independent transgenic mouse lines were created using a transgene comprised of 1.9 kb of 5'-flanking sequence of the human VIP gene joined to the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase reporter gene. Transgene expression in brain was assessed using beta-galactosidase histochemistry and compared to the distribution of endogenous VIP expression. Transgene expression was observed in most central and peripheral nervous system sites in which endogenous VIP is expressed. We investigated whether the VIP-beta-galactosidase transgene was regulated in sympathetic neurons in experimental paradigms in which VIP regulation is dependent on the release of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). After dissociation in vitro and postganglionic axotomy in vivo there were parallel increases in endogenous VIP and transgene expression in superior cervical ganglia. These results indicate that the 1.9 kb region of 5'-flanking sequence of the human VIP gene includes genomic elements important for cell-specific expression and LIF-dependent regulation in neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tsuruda
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lamperti
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tolentino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dikkes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villa-Komaroff
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D001616:beta-Galactosidase