title: How fetal cocaine exposure increases neonatal hospital costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goals were to document hospital costs associated with prenatal cocaine exposure in an understudied population-women using rural county public health units who had minimal access to drug rehabilitation and whose cocaine of choice was crack with little other illicit drug use- and to explore why increased costs occur in an effort to identify cost-reduction strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified a sample of cocaine-exposed infants who were computer-matched to a control group with no history or evidence of cocaine exposure. Matching was performed one-to-one on the variables of maternal race, age, parity, time of entry into prenatal care, and alcohol and nicotine use. There were 327 live births, for whom 311 were correctly classified as to their prenatal cocaine use and had billing and medical records available for review (156 exposed, 155 nonexposed).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital charges were positively correlated with length of stay. Cocaine-exposed infants had an across-the-board increase in utilization of hospital resources as well as higher hospital charges and longer lengths of stay. Cocaine-exposed infants were significantly younger in gestational age and lower in birth weight. Significantly more cocaine-exposed infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, had more social and family problems delaying discharge, and received more septic work-ups. In addition, of those infants urine-screened for cocaine at delivery, 92% were screened secondary to a maternal history of prenatal use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cost-reduction strategies should be aimed at measures that reduce length of stay by addressing problems identified prenatally as an outpatient before delivery and by influencing objective decision-making regarding the need for medical interventions with the infant after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behnke
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: O Q
authors.initials: OQ
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001771:Blood Banks / Q000191:economics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003361:Cost Allocation; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D005865:Gestational Age; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009725:Nurseries, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000191:economics*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine