Controlling orthopoxvirus infections--200 years after Jenner's revolutionary immunization.
An 11-year global WHO campaign for eradication of smallpox finished in October 1977 as the result of Edward Jenner's primary success in 1796, who for the first time applied human vaccination against variola virus (VARV). The 200th anniversary of this happening is a good occasion to summarize the current status of the knowledge about the role of B and T lymphocytes in the control of orthopoxvirus infections. This short review concentrates on general characteristics of orthopoxviruses and the immune response to infection, mainly by vaccinia virus (VV) and ectromelia virus (EV).
Niemiałtowski
M G
MG
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland.
Toka
F N
FN
Malicka
E
E
Gieryńska
Spohr de Faundez
I
I
Schollenberger
A
A
D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018155:Orthopoxvirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012899:Smallpox / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000266:history; D014611:Vaccination / Q000266:history; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines