title: The pregnant ewe: an animal model for fetoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an animal model for fetal endoscopic surgery which could be feasible and reproducible. The aim of this work was to perform a fetoscopy without the need of a laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant ewes underwent under general anesthesia laparoscopy with the creation of a maternal pneumoperitoneum. After localizing the placenta by transillumination, we carried out fetoscopy through a 5 mm trocar using a perfusion of Ringer's solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five video-assisted procedures have been performed. None of the cases has shown any bleeding from myometrial wounds and no suture was necessary. There was no leakage of amniotic fluid. Intrauterine space was large enough to manipulate instruments without producing any fetal damage. Sharp visualization and anatomical description of the fetus were precise without the use CO2. There were no miscarriages and postnatal examinations of the lambs were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetoscopic surgery can be performed in the pregnant sheep without any complications but preterm labor which is the main problem in human fetal surgery, is infrequent in the sheep. Our model is reproducible and simulates the surgical endoscopic procedures which will occur in a close future in the human species.
authors.affiliation: Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Becmeur
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwaab
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Baldauf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ritter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods*