title: Effect of platelet activating factor on embryonic development and implantation in the mouse.
abstract: Platelet activating factor (PAF) was administered to female mice in order to investigate its effect on ovulation rate and on oocyte quality including their in-vitro embryonic development, implantation and uterine receptivity. In experiment 1, 4-week-old female mice were assigned to receive PAF or phosphate buffered saline for 4 consecutive days. On the second day of this treatment, pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin was administered and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 48 h later, after which copulation occurred. Oocytes were collected on the following day and evaluated. The mean number of oocytes and zygotes (two pronuclear stage embryos) recovered from the PAF-treated group was not different from the control group (31 versus 27), but the proportion of zygotes was higher in PAF-treated group than in controls (83 versus 68%, P < 0.05, PAF versus controls). Although the rate of in-vitro first cleavage was not different in the two groups (82 versus 69% respectively), hatching was higher in the PAF-treated group than control mice (99 versus 83%, P < 0.01). In experiment 2, the in-vitro developed blastocysts from experiment 1 were transferred into the uterus of day 3 pseudopregnant PAF-treated or control recipients. Three different combinations of intrauterine transfer were performed; PAF embryo to control recipient (PAF-->C: n = 19), control embryo to PAF recipient (C-->PAF: n = 19), and control embryo to control recipient (C-->C: n = 22). Implantation and abortion were assessed on day 19 posttransfer. The implantation rate of C-->PAF (23.7%) was lower than C-->C (31.1%, P < 0.05), but was not different from PAF-->C (31.2%). Further, C-->PAF showed a higher abortion rate per embryo (29.6%) than PAF-->C (12.7%, P < 0.05), but was not different from C-->C (24.4%). In the present study, PAF administration enables females to produce oocytes with a higher potential for fertilization, in-vitro development and implantation, but has a detrimental effect on uterine receptivity to embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State, Johnson City 37614-0569, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Breuel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011555:Pseudopregnancy; D015053:Zygote / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor