title: Coronary artery fistula in children and adults: a review of 25 cases with long-term observations.
abstract: We studied 25 patients with coronary artery fistula between 1976 and 1994. Age ranged from 1 to 58 years. Twelve patients were symptomatic; seven had dyspnoea, four had angina, one had palpitation and one had syncope. Coronary arteries in four. Coronary artery fistula drained into right ventricle in 11, right atrium in nine, pulmonary artery in four and left ventricle in two. The Qp/Qs ranged from 1.0 to 2.6 with a mean of 1.39 +/- 0.38. Five patients had associated cardiac anomalies. Two had atrial septal defects, one had patent ductus arteriosus, one had atresia of proximal right coronary artery and in one patient, the right coronary was arising from left coronary artery. Five patients underwent surgery without any operative mortality. Thirteen patients were followed-up medically for a mean period of 6.1 +/- 5.1 years. There were no complications related to coronary artery fistula during follow-up. In one patient coronary artery fistula closed spontaneously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sunder
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tharakan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Titus
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankaran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006337:Heart Murmurs / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged