title: Early immunity induced by a live gE-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine.
abstract: We studied the early immunity induced by a live glycoprotein E (gE) negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) marker vaccine. Three groups of specific-pathogen-free calves were either not vaccinated, or vaccinated two days or two hours before the introduction of a calf that was intranasally infected with wild-type BHV1 the day before. We quantified the shedding of gE-negative vaccine virus and of wild-type virus, using a double-staining immunoassay. In calves vaccinated two hours before the introduction of the infected calf, the shedding of wild-type virus was reduced, compared with that of the unvaccinated control calves. The shedding of wild-type virus was most significantly reduced in the calves that were vaccinated two days before: only very small amounts of wild-type virus were isolated. Wild-type virus was not detected at all in the samples from one of the five calves of that group. Furthermore, this calf was the only one in which we did not detect antibodies against gE. Hence, intranasal vaccination with a live gE-negative vaccine induced early immunity against a BHV1 contact infection. This suggests that this vaccine can be used efficaciously in the early stages of a BHV1 outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bovine Virology, Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaashoek
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Oirschot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins