title: Overuse of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a country with open-access endoscopy: a prospective study in primary care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective observational study was aimed at evaluating the appropriateness of use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in primary care in a country with open access to and high availability of the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients were consecutively included in two clinical settings: Setting A (20 primary care physicians during 4 weeks) and B (university-based outpatient clinic during 3 weeks). In patients undergoing UGE, appropriateness of referral was judged by explicit Swiss criteria developed by the RAND/UCLA panel method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient visits (8135) were assessed. Six hundred eleven patients complained of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Physicians decided to perform UGE in 63 of these patients. Twenty-five (40%) of the endoscopies were rated appropriate, 7 (11%) equivocal, and 31 (49%) inappropriate. Overuse of UGE occurred in 5.1% (setting A: 4.7%; setting B:6.5%; p = 0.39) of the patients who presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The decision to perform UGE in previously untreated dyspeptic patients was the most common clinical situation resulting in overuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inappropriate use of UGE is high in Switzerland. However, to better reflect primary care decision making, overuse should be related not only to patients referred for a medical test, but also to the number of patients who complain of the symptoms that would be investigated by the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Outpatient Department PMU/CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burnand
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pache
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kosecoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolodny
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gonvers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*