title: The impact of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition among schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  313 rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren (144 boys and 169 girls, 11-17 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Supplementation with zinc (30 or 50 mg) or placebo on schooldays for 12 months. Due to drought, a food programme was in operation during the last eight months of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight, height, upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, arm muscle-area-for-age and arm fat-area-for-age Z-scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant effects on weight gain (0.51 vs 0.14 kg, P = 0.01), weight-for-age Z (-0.08 vs -0.14, P = 0.01) and arm muscle area-for-age Z-score (0.10 vs 0.01, P = 0.03) were seen over the first three months, whereas no effects were seen over the full 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc deficiency impairing lean body mass and weight gain was documented. However, the effect of zinc seen over the first three months vanished during the last nine months when the food programme was in operation. Zinc deficiency may have persisted, but another nutrient may have become growth limiting during the last nine months.
authors.affiliation: Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ndhlovu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mduluza
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaondera
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Vennervald
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010919:Placebos; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015430:Weight Gain; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D010919:Placebos; D010833:Phytic Acid; D015032:Zinc