Synergistic antitumour activity of vitamins C and K3 against human prostate carcinoma cell lines.
Vitamins C, K3 (VC, VK3) and a VC/VK3 combination with a VC:VK3 ratio of 100:1 were assayed for their antitumour activity against two human prostatic carcinoma cell lines. Co-administration of the vitamins enhanced the antitumour activity 5- to 20-fold even with a 1 h exposure time. While exogenous catalase destroyed the antitumour activity, hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation was negligible. Analysis of cellular ATP and thiol levels as well as DNA and protein synthesis revealed: a transient increase in ATP production, a decrease in DNA synthesis, an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in thiol levels. These results suggested that the increased cytotoxicity of the vitamin combination was due to redox cycling and increased oxidative stress.
Venugopal
M
M
Department of Urology, Summa Health System/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown 44272, USA.
Jamison
J M
JM
Gilloteaux
J
J
Koch
J A
JA
Summers
M
M
Hoke
J
J
Sowick
C
C
Summers
J L
JL
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014812:Vitamin K; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid