title: Sampling variability of nonparametric estimates of the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several methods have been proposed for calculating the variances and covariances of nonparametric estimates of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The authors provide an explanation of the relationships between them and illustrate the factors that determine sampling variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors investigated the algebraic links between two methods, that of "placements" and that of "pseudovalues" based on jackknifing. They also performed a numerical investigation of the comparative performance of the two methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The "placement" method has a simple structure that illustrates the determinants of the sampling variability and does not require specialized software. The authors show that the pseudovalues used in the jackknife method are directly linked to the placement values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the close link, borne out in a numeric investigation of the sampling variation, and because of the ease of computation, the choice between the two methods can be based on users' preferences. For indexes other than the AUC, however, the use of pseudovalues holds greater promise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Hajian-Tilaki
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D012372:ROC Curve