title: Management and outcomes of 65 quadruplet pregnancies: sixteen years' experience in France.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on the prognosis and management of multifetal pregnancies are of vital importance, particularly when the option of selective termination is considered. The present study details the obstetric management, neonatal outcome, and follow-up data of 65 quadruplet pregnancies in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  To conduct the study, a questionnaire was sent to families registered with the National Association Helping Parents of Multiple Births (Association National d'Entraide des Parents de Naissance Multiples, A.N.E.P.N.M.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 116 questionnaires sent to families of quadruplets born between 1972 and 1988, 65 were received. Of these pregnancies, 58 were obtained with ovulation induction agents, 2 with IVF (in vitro fertilization) and GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) and 5 were spontaneous. Diagnosis was made prior to 13 weeks gestation in 87.2% of cases. Most mothers were hospitalized prior to delivery--mean duration of 47 days. The mean gestational age at delivery was 31.2 +/- 3 weeks with a prematurity rate of 97%. Cesarean sections were performed in 51 cases and vaginal deliveries in 14. Neonatal and perinatal mortality rates were 68 and 104 per 1000, respectively. Birthweights of quadruplets ranged from 760 to 2455 g with a mean of 1615 g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of quadruplet pregnancies in France consists of early diagnosis, echographical and clinical monitoring, early reduction of maternal activity and cesarean deliveries. Our management of such pregnancies is of high quality as reflected by our obstetrical results. Lack of adequate management, as perceived by families of quadruplets, exists at two levels; a psychological (lack of psychological support) and a financial (lack of specific help).
authors.affiliation: Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Maternité de Port-Royal, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nekhlyudov
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dephot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Moal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papiernik
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011783:Quadruplets; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires