title: Splicing efficiency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat RNA is determined by both a suboptimal 3' splice site and a 10 nucleotide exon splicing silencer element located within tat exon 2.
abstract: We have previously demonstrated that an exon splicing silencer (ESS) is present within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)tat exon 2. This 20 nucleotide (nt) RNA element acts selectively to inhibit splicing at the upstream 3'splice site (3'ss #3) flanking this exon. In this report, we have used in vitro splicing of mutated RNA substrates to determine the sequences necessary and sufficient for the activity of the ESS. The activity of the ESS within tat exon 2 maps to a 10 nt core sequence CUAGACUAGA. This core sequence was sufficient to inhibit splicing when inserted downstream from the 3'ss of the heterologous Rous sarcoma virus src gene. Mutagenesis of the interspersed purines in the polypyrimidine tract of the tat exon 2 3'ss to pyrimidines resulted in a significant increase in splicing efficiency indicating that 3'ss#3 is suboptimal. The ESS acts to inhibit splicing at the optimized 3'splice sites of both the HIV-1 tat and RSV src constructs but with a reduced efficiency compared to its effect on suboptimal 3'splice sites. The results indicate that both the ESS and a suboptimal 3'splice site act together to control splicing at the 3'splice site flanking at exon 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Amendt
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stoltzfus
mesh_terms: D001358:Avian Sarcoma Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D016391:Genes, src; D015756:Genes, tat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D017354:Point Mutation; D038941:Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D038941:Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein