title: Opposite regulation of Gax homeobox expression by angiotensin II and C-type natriuretic peptide.
abstract: Growth arrest-specific homeobox (Gax) gene was isolated from rat aorta cDNA library and its expression was largely confined to the cardiovascular tissues. Gax gene was rapidly downregulated by platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and overexpressed Gax was reported to reduce the neointimal thickening after balloon injury in vivo. We have demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates vascular growth. In contrast, we also reported that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is secreted from vascular endothelial cells to act as a novel endothelium-derived relaxing peptide and inhibits vascular growth via cGMP cascade. In the present study, we examined the effects of Ang II and CNP on Gax gene expression in VSMCs. In quiescent rat aortic VSMCs. Gax mRNA (2 3 kb) level became negligible 6 hours after the addition of Ang II (10(-6) mol/L). The inhibitory action of Ang II on Gax mRNA expression (ED50: 10(-11) mol/L) was almost completely blocked by an AT1R antagonist, CV11974. In contrast, CNP 10(-6) mol/L augmented Gax mRNA expression to exhibit 1.8-fold increase of the control 12 hours after the stimulation. This effect of CNP was mimicked by the addition of 8-bromoadenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate. The addition of C-ANF[4-23], an atrial natriuretic peptide-C receptor-specific agonist and devoid of stimulating cGMP production, exhibited no effect on Gax mRNA expression. Simultaneous administration of Ang II and CNP revealed that CNP (10(-6) mol/L) significantly attenuated the inhibitory action of Ang II (10(-10) mol/L) on Gax mRNA expression. These results suggest that Gax is a common transcription factor involved in the signaling pathway of vascular growth for Ang II and CNP and regulates the cell cycle and/or phenotype of VSMCs for vascular remodeling in hypertension and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masatsugu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C081336:Meox2 protein, rat; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000804:Angiotensin II; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP