title: Are adolescents receptive to current sales promotion practices of the tobacco industry?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tobacco industry increased the portion of its marketing budget for sales promotion to $2.5 billion in 1993. Although it claims not to target those under age 18 years, it is important to determine the extent to which adolescents are affected as participation may lead to smoking initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  California population surveys, conducted in 1993 among youth ages 12-17 years (N = 5,531) and in 1994 among both youth (N = 1,735) and adults (N = 4,170), asked questions regarding possession and willingness to use promotional items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1994, young adults (18-24 years) were the most likely to possess a promotional item (27.5 +/- 4.1, +/- 95% confidence limit). However, willingness to use an item was highest among those ages 15-17 years (35.4 +/- 3.4%) and was also high among those ages 12-14 years (24.4 +/- 2.7%). Among youth, ownership or willingness to use promotional items was more likely for boys, whites, those reporting below average school performance, and those smoking or susceptible to smoking. Youth ownership of promotional items increased from 1993 to 1994, as did the frequency of their obtaining items from coupons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promotional marketing undertaken by the tobacco industry was effective in capturing the interest of adolescents, although actual acquisition was highest among young adults. The rapidly increasing interest in tobacco promotional items from 1993 to 1994 may soon translate into increased adolescent smoking rates.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gilpin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosbrook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D000367:Age Factors; D002140:California; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry