title: Impact of management guidelines on the outcome of severe community acquired pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ten years ago we published a study of 50 adults with severe community acquired pneumonia admitted to our intensive care unit and subsequently introduced guidelines for the management of severe community acquired pneumonia which are largely in accordance with those of the British Thoracic Society. The results of a follow up study are now reported in order to assess their impact on the outcome of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty seven cases of severe community acquired pneumonia admitted to our ICU between 1984 and 1993 were studied. Causal pathogens, clinical and laboratory features of severity, antibiotic therapy and mortality were studied and, where possible, compared with results from the previous study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent causes of severe community acquired pneumonia, as in the previous study. The intensity of microbial investigation has increased, particularly with regard to pneumococcal and Legionella antigen testing, the latter allowing earlier diagnosis of Legionella infection than previously. In spite of this, no pathogen was identified in 33% of cases compared with 18% previously. Indices of severity of illness were widely recognised, and a decrease in unplanned transfers to the ICU following "unexpected" cardiorespiratory arrest from 25% to 7% (p < 0.02) was found. Antibiotic therapy largely reflected guideline recommendations with 98% receiving a beta-lactam agent and 91% erythromycin. The overall mortality was 58% compared with 54% previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management guidelines for severe community acquired pneumonia have been widely adopted but without a reduction in mortality in our hospital. Factors other than early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics, or prompt ICU transfer may influence the outcome in severe community acquired pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hirani
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010360:Patient Transfer; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents