title: Inhibition of acetylcholine release from presynaptic terminals of skate electric organ by calcium channel antagonists: a detailed pharmacological study.
abstract: Release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the presynaptic terminals in skate electric organ was tested for its sensitivity to calcium channel antagonists. A pharmacological profile was established by measuring inhibition of K(+)-stimulated release of [3H]ACh from prelabelled tissue slices. Peptide antagonists of N-type (omega-conotoxins GVIA and MVIIA) and P-type (omega-agatoxin-IVA) channels had no effect, whereas both omega-conotoxins MVIIC and SVIB produced concentration-dependent inhibition and could completely block ACh release. omega-Conotoxin GVIA and omega-agatoxin IVA did not attenuate the block by omega-conotoxin MVIIC. The inorganic ions, Cd2+ and Ni2+, also produced a full inhibition of release (Cd2+ > > Ni2+) and Gd3+ a partial one. Drugs targeting L-type channels (diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil) at low microM concentrations and a synthetic analogue of the polyamine toxin from funnel web spider venom (sFTX) at 1 mM were all non-inhibitory. Inhibition by omega-conotoxins MVIIC (IC50 25 nM) and SVIB (IC50 500 nM) was reversible and modulated by external concentrations of Ca2+. Inhibitory potency was increased by lowering and decreased by elevating external Ca2+. This "antagonistic" effect of Ca2+ was also seen with Cd2+ inhibition. The inhibitory potency of omega-conotoxin MVIIC was unaffected by predepolarisation. End plate potentials generated by release of endogenous ACh in electrically-stimulated slices were also reversibly blocked by Cd2+ and omega-conotoxins MVIIC and SVIB but were unaffected by omega-conotoxin GVIA and omega-agatoxin IVA. It is concluded that ACh release in skate electric organ depends on presynaptic calcium channels which have different pharmacological properties from established sub-types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, U.K.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dowdall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bowman
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004557:Electric Organ / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic; D000109:Acetylcholine; D011188:Potassium