title: Outcomes after delayed sternal closure in pediatric heart operations: a 10-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Open heart operations in young children may lead to myocardial swelling and increased lung water. Decreased intrathoracic space may then make sternal closure difficult. Delayed sternal closure may be beneficial in this setting. Potential risks of delayed sternal closure are sepsis and sternal instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess these risks, we reviewed retrospectively 150 consecutive children who underwent delayed sternal closure after repair of complex congenital cardiac defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnoses included transposition of the great arteries (66), total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (11), and complete atrioventricular septal defects (10). Age at operation was 229 +/- 51 days (mean +/- standard error of mean). Sixteen patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Survival was 88% (133 patients). The sternum was left open for 3.86 +/- 0.29 days. Fifteen patients had minor wound infections requiring antibiotics. No patient required reexploration for mediastinitis and no patient had an unstable sternum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed sternal closure with sternal stenting and silicone membrane skin closure is a safe procedure in infants and children with compromised cardiac output after repair of congenital cardiac defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, England.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Leval
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome