title: Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions enhance recovery after urgent coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective, randomized, clinical study was undertaken to determine whether glucose-insulin-potassium solutions would benefit patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting because of unstable angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 30 patients with unstable angina who required coronary artery bypass grafting. In 15 patients, glucose-insulin-potassium solution (30% dextrose in water; K+, 80 mEq/L: regular insulin, 50 units) was given intravenously at 1 ml/kg per hour after induction of anesthesia and administration continued for 12 hours after aortic unclamping. Fifteen patients in a separate group received 5% dextrose in water intravenously at 50 ml/hr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated with glucose-insulin-potassium solution had higher cardiac indices (2.8 +/- 0.1 vs 2.0 +/- 1 L/min per square meter; p < 0.001), lower inotrope scores (0.06 +/- 0.01 vs 0.46 +/- 0.19; p = 0.041), and less weight gain (6.4 +/- 9 vs 11.6 +/- 1.1 pounds; p < 0.001) and had shorter times of ventilator support (8.3 +/- 0.6 vs 14.2 +/- 0.2 hours; p = 0.003). They had a significantly lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (13.3% vs 53.3%; p = 0.020) and had shorter stays in the intensive care unit (14.8 +/- 1.3 vs 31.6 +/- 5.2 hours; p = 0.002) and in the hospital (6.0 +/- 0.4 vs 8.0 +/- 0.7 days; p = 0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that glucose insulin-potassium therapy enhances myocardial performance and results in faster recovery from urgent coronary artery bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Mass, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Philippides
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shemin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; C030396:glucose-insulin-potassium cardioplegic solution; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium