title: Isoproterenol regulates tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide production and protects against the development of vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxaemia.
abstract: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO), are mediators of endotoxaemia. Catecholamines are in clinical use to treat the haemodynamic consequences of severe septic shock. Beta-adrenergic agonists exert many of their effects by elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration. Cyclic AMP can modulate endotoxin-induced cytokine and NO production. Here we investigate the effect of isoproterenol pretreatment on the cytokine and NO production induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4-10 mg/kg). Pretreatment with isoproterenol (10 mg/kg) blunted the LPS-induced TNF response, increased the LPS-induced formation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 and reduced the LPS-induced production of NO in conscious mice. In anaesthetized rats, pretreatment with isoproterenol prevented the LPS-induced suppression of vascular contractility to norepinephrine in the thoracic aorta ex vivo. The hyporeactivity is due to expression of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) and was restored by in vitro administration of NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), an inhibitor of NO synthase. However, L-NMA did not alter vascular contractility in control vessels or in rings taken from the LPS-treated rats pretreated with isoproterenol. Our findings suggest that, in addition to its haemodynamic actions, isoproterenol may also exert beneficial effects by modulating the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haskó
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zingarelli
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Salzman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kvetan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pastores
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Vizi
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007545:Isoproterenol