title: HCl-induced cell edema in primary cultured rabbit esophageal epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a prior study, esophageal epithelial cells within intact epithelium were observed to swell after exposure to low extracellular pH (pHo) caused by activation of a bumetanide-sensitive NaK2Cl cotransporter. Because these results were obtained by correlation of tissue wet-weight gain with morphological evidence of cell swelling, another method was selected to confirm and extend these findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultured rabbit esophageal cells were loaded with the fluorescent dye 2'-7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein so that changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and cell volume could be simultaneously monitored by microfluorimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells exposed to low pHo in both bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing buffers produced a decline in pHi to as low as 6.5, but this occurred without change in volume. However, when pHo was lowered to < or = 2, pHi declined to <6.5 and volume increased by 25% in 3 minutes. Removal of Na+, K+, or Cl- or adding bumetanide inhibited acid-induced swelling. Also, swelling was inhibited when cells were acidified in Ca2+-free media and eliminated by adding 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to Ca2+-free media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal cells swell when low pHo reduces pHi to <6.5. At pHi <6.5, swelling occurs through excess osmolyte (and consequently water) uptake via a bumetanide-sensitive NaK2Cl cotransporter. Activation of this enzyme at low pHi seems to be mediated by increases in cell Ca2+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tobey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koves
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Orlando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011817:Rabbits; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D002118:Calcium