title: Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumors and mismatch repair-defective human tumor cell lines.
abstract: Somatic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes have been observed in sporadic tumors as well as cell lines and xenografts derived from such tumors implicating genetic defects of mismatch repair genes in the development of such tumors. However, the proportion of sporadic tumors in which mismatch repair genes have been inactivated has not been determined accurately. We have analyzed 66 sporadic colorectal tumors for the expression of hMLH1 by immunohistochemistry and identified 4 tumors that do not express hMLH1. These four colorectal tumors, a colon tumor cell line (SW48) and an endometrial tumor cell line (AN3CA), did not express hMLH1, despite the absence of mutations in its coding sequence. Cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was found in these four colorectal tumors, whereas cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was absent in adjacent normal tissue or in nine tumors that expressed hMLH1. In addition, cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was observed in the SW48 and AN3CA cell lines that do not express hMLH1 but not in four tumor cell lines known to express hMLH1 mRNA. Our data indicate that DNA methylation is likely to be a common mode of mismatch repair gene inactivation in sporadic tumors.
authors.affiliation: Charles A. Dana Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loda
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gaida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jessup
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolodner
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004260:DNA Repair; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C088859:MLH1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1