title: NMDA-receptor contribution to spinal nociceptive reflexes: influence of stimulus parameters and of preparatory surgery.
abstract: The contribution of NMDA receptors to nociceptive reflexes has been assessed both in awake rats and in electrophysiological tests on alpha-chloralose anaesthetized spinalized rats prepared with different degrees of surgery. Single motor unit activity was recorded in response to alternating noxious mechanical and electrical stimuli applied to one hindpaw, and the results compared with paw pressure withdrawal reflexes in awake rats. There was little contribution by NMDA receptors to nociceptive paw pinch responses either in awake rats or in rats prepared with minimal surgery, but following extensive lumbar surgery the contribution increased significantly to a level similar to that seen in the wind-up component of responses elicited by electrical stimulation. Surgery therefore has effects several segments from the sensory input that it generates. It enhances the NMDA receptor contribution in responses to some but not all types of afferent input.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hartell
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Headley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007649:Ketamine