title: Long-term survival in patients with advanced immunodeficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identity prognostic factors associated with survival time in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1284 HIV-infected patients with serial CD4 count measurements and at least one CD4 cell count < or = 50 x 10(6)/I (CD4 < or = 50).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival from initial CD4 cell count < or = 50 x 10(6)/l.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median survival from initial CD4 < or = 50 x 10(6)/l was 17.1 months. The risk of death increased by 2% 195% confidence interval (Cl), 1-31 for each year of age, by 10% (95% Cl, 3-16) for each 10 x 10(6)/l decrease in CD4 count, and by 14% (95% Cl, 9-18) for each 1 g/dl decrease in haemoglobin level. Compared to AIDS-free patients with CD4 < or = 50 x 10(6) cells/l, the risk of dying was 1.5-fold (95% Cl, 1.2-1.9) that of patients who had an AIDS diagnosis for fewer than 3 months prior to CD4 < or = 50, 1.8-fold for patients with an AIDS diagnosis for 4-11 months prior to CD4 < or = 50, and twice that of patients with AIDS for > or = 12 months prior to CD4 < or = 50. The risk of dying for patients whose rate of CD4 cell decline was > 40 x 10(6)/l per 6 months was 1.7-fold (95% Cl, 1.3-2.3) that of patients with an average CD4 cell loss < 40 x 10(6)/l per 6 months, after adjusting for age, haemoglobin and duration of AIDS prior to CD4 < or = 50 x 10(6) cells/l. A prognostic score was developed from the final multivariate model, based on age at CD4 < or = 50, haemoglobin at CD4 < or = 50, duration of AIDS and rate of CD4 decline prior to CD4 < or = 50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routinely available clinical and laboratory data including haemoglobin level, rate of CD4 decline and duration of AIDS can be readily translated into a prognostic score and then used to predict the survival experience of an HIV-infected patient with advanced immunodeficiency.
authors.affiliation: Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Chelsea and Wistminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chêne
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Easterbrook
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juszczak
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pocock
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000401:mortality*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors