title: Parathyroid hormone activates mitogen-activated protein kinase via a cAMP-mediated pathway independent of Ras.
abstract: In a previous study, we demonstrated that parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in osteosarcoma cells via a protein kinase A-dependent pathway. Here, we show that PTH can induce a transient activation of MAP kinase as well. This was observed in both Chinese hamster ovary R15 cells stably expressing high levels of rat PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor and parietal yolk sac carcinoma cells expressing the receptor endogenously. PTH was a strong activator of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C in Chinese hamster ovary R15 cells. PTH-induced MAP kinase activation did not depend on activation of Gi, phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C, elevated intracellular calcium levels, or release of Gbetagamma subunits. It could, however, be mimicked by addition of forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP to these cells. Prolonged treatment with forskolin caused sustained protein kinase A activity, whereas MAP kinase activity returned to basal levels. Subsequent treatment with PTH or 8-bromo-cAMP did not result in MAP kinase activation, whereas phorbol ester- or insulin-induced MAP kinase activation was unaffected. Finally, expression of a dominant negative form of Ras (RasAsn-17), which completely blocked insulin-induced MAP kinase activation, did not affect activation by PTH or cAMP. In conclusion, PTH regulates MAP kinase activity in a cell type-specific fashion. The activation of MAP kinase by PTH is mediated by cAMP and independent of Ras.
authors.affiliation: Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Verheijen
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Defize
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins