title: Epidural and intrathecal n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate solution in the rat. Comparison with bupivacaine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural administration of an aqueous suspension of n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate (BAB) to humans results in long-lasting sensory blockade without motor block. The dose-response of BAB administered epidurally and intrathecally as a solution was studied in rats to define the local anesthetic properties in an established animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time course of changes in tail withdrawal latency and motor function were determined in rats after epidural or intrathecal administration of solutions of BAB or bupivacaine. The dose-response relation was determined and median effective dose values were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After epidural and intrathecal administration of BAB solutions, the onset and duration of the antinociceptive action were comparable to bupivacaine. Median effective dose values for tail-withdrawal latency of 6 s or more were significantly greater for BAB. After both routes of administration, BAB clearly affected motor function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When administered epidurally and intrathecally as a solution, BAB is a local anesthetic of relative low potency with onset and duration of action comparable to those of bupivacaine. These findings suggest that the long-lasting action obtained after applying BAB suspension results from the slow dissolution (continuous release) of the solid BAB deposited in the epidural space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grouls
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Meert
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Korsten
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hellebrekers
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Breimer
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012996:Solutions; C004605:butamben; D001566:Benzocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine