title: Perioperative pain management in children.
abstract: In this article the authors review the developmental pathophysiology of pain and its effects on children. Assessment modalities for differing developmental levels in the pediatric patient are reviewed. Medical modalities including medications administered orally, patient-controlled analgesia, epidurals, and preemptive analgesia are described.
authors.affiliation: Pain Treatment Service, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Keuren
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eland
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology