title: Gray-scale second harmonic imaging of the liver with galactose-based microbubbles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluate the efficacy of SHU 508A, a galactose-based contrast agent used in gray-scale second harmonic imaging in vitro and in vivo experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Toshiba prototype harmonic imaging system (2.5/5.0 MHz) was used with SHU 508A in a phantom experiment and to image the liver in five healthy rabbits and one rabbit that had VX-2 tumors in the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the second harmonic imaging, most of the fundamental components of the backscattered echo were eliminated, and good images with high contrast were obtained in the phantom experiment. Liver parenchyma was enhanced clearly in all rabbits at 0.3 mL/kg, an effect that lasted for 90 seconds. The tumor, which was mostly necrotic, was depicted clearly as a negative enhanced area surrounded by enhanced healthy liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gray-scale second harmonic imaging is a promising new method for visualization of perfusion of organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suginoshita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011817:Rabbits; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508