title: Regional variations in the utilization rate of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomies in the United Kingdom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large geographic variations in hysterectomy rates are well known; however, very little is known about geographic variations in the route of the procedure, i.e. whether it is performed abdominally or vaginally. We compared utilization rates for abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies for the 14 Regional Health Authorities of England, and Northern Ireland over a three-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in the form of hospital episode statistics and small area analysis techniques were used to document regional variations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large regional differences in the utilization of vaginal hysterectomies were recorded. Three areas in particular (Northern Ireland, Yorkshire and NW Thames) displayed high vaginal to abdominal ratios. Northern Ireland recorded the highest ratio (0.366), Mersey Regional Health Authority the lowest (0.139). The use of the vaginal route was found to increase with age, and was the most common route for the > 65 years age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite an increasing volume of evidence advocating the use of the vaginal route, there appears to be a resistance to its use, except in older women. The role of physician practice style, and in particular group clinical judgement, is highlighted as being significantly involved in explaining the observed geographic variations.
authors.affiliation: Health and Health Care Research Unit, Queens University of Belfast.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mulholland
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002391:Catchment Area, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D006113:United Kingdom; D014600:Utilization Review