title: Demonstration of congenital anomalies in the joints of the forelimbs and hindlimbs caused by several pharmacological agents.
abstract: In this study, fetal joint abnormalities caused by cytosine arabinoside, caffeine, sodium salicylate, and retinyl acetate administration during pregnancy, were investigated. In the cytosine-arabinoside-administered group, complete disappearance of joint spaces in the forelimbs, and narrowing or complete disappearance of joint spaces in the hindlimbs was highly noticeable. In the caffeine group, in all forelimb joints starting from art, humeri, there were abnormal fusions in bones, together with occasional disappearance of the joint space. In hindlimbs, similar findings were observed. In the sodium salicylate group, the complete disappearance of joint space and surfaces among humerus-radius and ulna was striking, and occasional fusions in tarsometatarsal joints were also present. Severe narrowing of the same joint space in the retinyl acetate group was striking. Total disappearance of the articulation manus and carpometacarpal joints was observed, together with hindlimb joint and bone findings.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology-Embryology, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kadioğlu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peker
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000633:toxicity; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000633:toxicity; D004224:Diterpenes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007596:Joints / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000633:toxicity; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D003561:Cytarabine; D014801:Vitamin A; D002110:Caffeine; C009166:retinol acetate; D012980:Sodium Salicylate