title: Development of an implantable ventricular assist system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study describes the present state of progress in the development of the Jarvik 2000 ventricular assist system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Designed for implantation in the human thorax, the system consists of a small (25 cm3, 90 g) intraventricular axial-flow blood pump that transmits power and data via internal electronics and a transcutaneous energy transfer system. The pump is powered by portable internal and external polymer lithium ion batteries. The only moving part, the pump rotor, contains a permanent magnet of a brushless direct-current motor that mounts an axial-flow impeller and partial magnetic thrust support, with blood-immersed radial and thrust bearings. The motor uses a redundant coil and electric lead design, which permits continued operation in case of wire breakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven calves have been supported for an average of 107 days (range, 40 to 162 days) with prototypes of the Jarvik 2000 ventricular assist system. No physiologic complications have occurred. When its user is at rest, the pump produces flows of 5 to 6 L/min with a decreased arterial pulse contour. Renal and hepatic functions have remained normal throughout the duration of all studies. Mean plasma free hemoglobin levels ranged from 4.3 to 11.4 mg/dL (mean, 6.3 mg/dL) for each study. Pathologic analyses of the heart and kidneys revealed no damage related to the device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies indicate that the Jarvik 2000 ventricular assist system is feasible in animals and holds promise for long-term support of patients.
authors.affiliation: Cullen Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Macris
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Parnis
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fuqua
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jarvik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices