title: William Heberden revisited: postprandial angina-interval between food and exercise and meal composition are important determinants of time to onset of ischemia and maximal exercise tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to explore the hemodynamic responses to ingestion of meals of different composition in patients with chronic stable angina and to assess the effect of these meals on time to onset of > 1-mm ST segment depression and limiting angina pectoris during exercise.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To our knowledge, no study has assessed the effect of meal composition and timing of exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with chronic stable angina visited our laboratory in the fasted state on three occasions. Measurements of cardiac output, heart rate and blood pressure were taken while patients were standing. A modified Bruce exercise test was then carried out, during which time to onset of > 1-mm ST segment depression and limiting chest pain were recorded. Patients then ate a 2.5-MJ high fat or high carbohydrate meal; on the third occasion, no meal was taken. At 30 min and 1 h after eating the meals, rest hemodynamic measurements and exercise tests were repeated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high fat meal did not affect exercise variables, whereas the high carbohydrate meal resulted in a reduction in time to onset of ST segment depression of 74.4 +/- 22.2 s (mean +/- SEM) during exercise at 30 min (p < 0.01), and at both 30 and 60 min after the high carbohydrate meal, limiting chest pain occurred 50 to 90 s earlier than when patients fasted (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One hour after a high carbohydrate meal, the onset of angina during exercise occurs earlier than in the fasted state. Despite similar hemodynamic adjustments, a high fat meal does not affect exercise time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats