title: New protein and PCR markers RAK for diagnosis, prognosis and surgery guidance for breast cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer antigens RAK-p120, -p42, -p25 were detected in 100% of breast cancer cases tested (71 cases). Only 10% of adjacent tissue cases tested positive for all three cancer antigens, and 17.5% of the cases tested positive for two antigens only. Eighty-five percent of histologically normal breast tissue samples, isolated either from breast cancer patients or patients with advanced fibrocystic disease, tested RAK-negative, with the exception of low expression of p25, observed in some patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with HIV-1 gp 41-derived primers revealed cancer-associated DNA fragments of similar size (140 bp) as in HIV-1 genome. Fifty-four percent of cancer adjacent tissues, and 50% of malignancy-free breast tissue samples, tested PCR-negative. It is suggested that genetic predisposition to cancer may be associated with the presence of RAK genes, while expression of RAK antigens marks an already ongoing process of malignant changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Eppley Cancer Center, Omaha, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rakowicz-Szulczynska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackiewicz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karczewska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapcinska
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000715594:CBX5 protein, human; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C092830:FRK protein, human