title: A tissue plasminogen activator/P-selectin fusion protein is an effective thrombolytic agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  P-selectin is expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells and platelets. We hypothesized that a tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)/P-selectin fusion protein would have not only thrombolytic activity but also might target TPA to the thrombi. In addition, it seemed possible that this chimeric protein would competitively inhibit the binding of native P-selectin on endothelial cells and platelets to leukocytes and thus further promote thrombolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The full-length, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-resistant form of TPA (TPAIR) together with two TPAIR/P-selectin fusion constructs (P280IR and P121IR) were expressed with the use of baculovirus vectors. After infection of Sf21 cells with the recombinant baculovirus, recombinant TPAIR and P-selectin/TPAIR fusion proteins were purified with the use of metal ion chromatography. The intact protease activity of TPAIR and the ligand binding capability of P-selectin were confirmed through indirect chromogenic and cell binding assays, respectively. These molecules were assessed both in vitro and in vivo for thrombolytic activity. In vitro clot lysis assays indicated equal efficacy of TPAIR, P280IR, and P121IR (P > .5). The in vivo efficacy was tested in a cyclic flow variation model with the use of the rat mesenteric artery. Compared with saline control treatment, reduction in cyclic flow variations was significant (P < .05) and similar (P > .5) among TPAIR, P280IR, and P121IR. No significant bleeding was noted among treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chimeric proteins P280IR and P121IR have clot lysis activities that are similar to TPAIR both in vitro and in vivo. These chimeric proteins also bind to P-selectin ligand in vitro. Thus, these proteins may provide an efficient method of targeting TPA to the thrombotic region. Further experimental analysis with the use of larger animal coronary occlusion models should help determine the future value of these proteins as clinical therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center 77030, USA. kfujise@heart.med.uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujise
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Revelle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stacy
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Madison
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Willerson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D019007:P-Selectin; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator