title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of influenza immunization in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: We determined the effect of influenza vaccine in patients with relapsing/remitting MS. Considerable controversy surrounds the question of whether to administer influenza vaccines to MS patients. Prevention of a febrile viral illness is clearly desirable in MS, and previous studies suggest that immunization is safe. Despite this, many clinicians avoid vaccination because they fear precipitating an MS exacerbation. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of influenza immunization in patients with relapsing/remitting MS. In the autumn of 1993, 104 patients at five MS centers received either standard influenza vaccine or placebo. Patients were followed for 6 months for evaluation of neurologic status and the occurrence of influenza. Influenza was operationally defined as fever > or = 38 degrees C in the presence of coryza, cough, or sore throat at a time when the disease was present in the community. Attacks were defined in the standard manner, requiring objective change in the examination. Patients were examined at 4 weeks and 6 months after inoculation and were contacted by telephone at 1 week and 3 months. They were also examined at times of possible attacks but not when they were sick with flu-like illness. Three vaccine patients and two placebo patients experienced attacks within 28 days of vaccine (no significant difference). Exacerbation rates in the first month for both groups were equal to or less than expected from published series. The two groups showed no difference in attack rate or disease progression over 6 months. Influenza immunization in MS patients is neither associated with an increased exacerbation rate in the postvaccination period nor a change in disease course over the subsequent 6 months.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Buchwald
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nutile
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Doscher
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lublin
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Knobler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trantas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: La Rocca
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000628:therapy*; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010919:Placebos