title: Posttraumatic stress symptoms in nonexposed, victims, and spontaneous rescuers after an avalanche.
abstract: A company from the Norwegian Army was investigated 2 weeks and 4 months after they were hit by an avalanche during a winter exercise. The subjects were divided into victims, spontaneous rescuers, and nonexposed subjects. The results showed that exposed subjects (victims and rescuers) reported higher levels of symptoms compared to nonexposed subjects. No differences were found among exposed subjects. The level of symptoms was also higher than comparable previous research both on victims and professional rescuers or nonprofessionals assigned a role as rescuers. All groups showed decrement in symptoms on the 4-month follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Løvstad
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Michelsen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004190:Disasters; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018635:Rescue Work; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012914:Snow; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013534:Survival / Q000523:psychology*