title: Treatment of pyogenic granuloma in children with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pyogenic granuloma is a common, acquired, vascular tumor of the skin in children, often ulcerates or bleeds, and is commonly localized to the face. The treatment of choice has been surgical removal, either by excision or shave, followed by electrocautery. The site, young age of the patient, and the inherent nature of surgical removal or electrocautery often make this procedure a traumatic experience. Also, surgical treatment usually leads to permanent scarring. Owing to the pulsed dye laser's ability to cause selective destruction of superficial capillary-sized cutaneous blood vessels, its ease of operation, and its lack of scarring, we evaluated its use in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two children with solitary pyogenic granulomas were treated with a vascular-specific (585 nm), pulsed (450 microseconds) dye laser using a 5-mm spot size with a laser energy of 6 to 7 J/cm2 without anesthesia. Retreatments were administered every 2 weeks if necessary until the lesion cleared. Posttreatment care consisted of twice-a-day application of bacitracin ointment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 20 patients (91%), laser treatment was successful. Five patients (25%) required one treatment for resolution, eight patients (40%) required two treatments, and six patients (30%) required three treatments for clearing. One patient required six treatments before the lesion resolved. There was no correlation with the duration, or site of the lesion, with respect to the number of laser treatments required. Lesions in all 20 children healed without scarring and with excellent cosmetic results. In two patients (9%), laser treatment failed in that there was no response to the initial laser treatment on follow-up 2 weeks later. Both had large pyogenic granulomas (1 cm and .5 cm in diameter, respectively) which were elevated over .5 cm above the surface of the skin. These lesions were surgically removed. None of the patients had a recurrence during the follow-up period of 6 months to 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulsed dye lasers are effective and safe for the treatment of small pyogenic granulomas in children and should be considered a treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017789:Granuloma, Pyogenic / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome