title: Ca2+ binding to troponin C in skinned skeletal muscle fibers assessed with caged Ca2+ and a Ca2+ fluorophore. Invariance of Ca2+ binding as a function of sarcomere length.
abstract: Ca2+ sensitivity of tension varies with sarcomere length in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. One possible explanation for this effect is that the Ca2+ affinity of the regulatory protein troponin C decreases when sarcomere length is reduced. To examine length dependence of Ca2+ binding to troponin C in skeletal muscle, we developed a protocol to simultaneously monitor changes in sarcomere length, tension, and Ca2+ concentration following flash photolysis of caged Ca2+. In this protocol, [Ca2+] was rapidly increased by flash photolysis of caged Ca2+, and changes in [Ca2+] due to photolysis and the subsequent binding to troponin C were assessed using a Ca2+ fluorophore. Small bundles of fibers from rabbit skinned psoas muscles were loaded with Ca2+ fluorophore (Fluo-3) and caged Ca2+ (dimethoxynitrophenamine or o-nitrophenyl-EGTA). The bundles were then transferred to silicone oil, where [Ca2+]free, tension, and sarcomere length were monitored before and after photolysis of caged Ca2+. Upon photolysis of caged Ca2+, fluorescence increased and then decayed to a new steady-state level within approximately 1 s, while tension increased to a new steady-state level within approximately 1.5 s. After extracting troponin C, fibers did not generate tension following the flash, but steady-state post-flash fluorescence was significantly greater than when troponin C was present. The difference in [Ca2+]free represents the amount of Ca2+ bound to troponin C. In fibers that were troponin C-replete, Ca2+ binding to troponin C did not differ at short (approximately 1.97 microm) and long (approximately 2.51 microm) sarcomere length, yet tension was approximately 50% greater at the long sarcomere length. These results show that the affinity of troponin C for Ca2+ is not altered by changes in sarcomere length, indicating that length-dependent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity of tension in skeletal muscle are not related to length-dependent changes in Ca2+ binding affinity of troponin C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010782:Photolysis; D011817:Rabbits; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000378:metabolism; D019209:Troponin C / Q000378:metabolism*; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002147:Calmodulin; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019209:Troponin C; D014966:Xanthenes; C085112:2-nitrophenyl-EGTA; C059715:Fluo-3; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D002118:Calcium