title: Prospective study of the prevalence of Alzheimer-type dementia in institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome.
abstract: Institutionalized patients with Down syndrome (n = 307) were monitored for 5 to 10 years prospectively to determine prevalence of Alzheimer-type dementia. Clinical signs, cognitive functioning, and EEGs were assessed. When possible, postmortem neuropathological examinations were conducted. Progressive mental and physical deterioration was found for 56 of the residents. Mean age at onset of dementia was 56 years. Prevalence increased from 11% between ages 40 and 49 to 77% between 60 and 69. All patients 70 and over had dementia. Neuropathological findings were consistent with clinical diagnosis. Use of a dementia checklist, cognitive skills inventory, and EEG reliably detected Alzheimer-type dementia at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: 's-Heeren Loo-Lozenoord, Centre for the Intellectually Disabled, Ermelo, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Huffelen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuilman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overweg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Wijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies