title: Reduced blue cone electroretinogram in cocaine-withdrawn patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main reinforcing effect of cocaine is alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain reward systems. Since dopamine is found in high concentrations in the retina, we investigated whether cocaine dependence may be associated with abnormalities of the electroretinogram.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared recently withdrawn cocaine-dependent patients (n = 20) with age-, sex-, and race-matched normal subjects (n = 20) for responses of cone photoreceptors to light flashes on full-field electroretinograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cocaine-dependent patients had significantly reduced blue cone electroretinogram responses compared with matched normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result suggests that cocaine-withdrawn patients have a dysregulation of blue cone function. The electroretinogram may be useful in future studies of cocaine-dependent patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004596:Electroretinography; D006801:Humans; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine