The TNF-ligand and receptor superfamilies: controllers of immunity and the Trojan horses of autoimmune disease?
This review is concerned with the tumour necrosis factor receptor and ligand superfamilies, with particular reference to their roles in the immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The tumour necrosis factor receptor and ligand superfamilies are well characterized as the molecular controllers of the immune system, acting as 'judges', 'juries', and, where necessary, 'executioners' to determine the fate of immune cells during development, proliferation and differentiation. However, these molecules exert extreme immunopathological effects when unregulated, or dysfunctional. The importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity is now apparent, and has been considered in detail. Finally, specific consideration has been given to their clinical significance and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Hill
C M
CM
Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Leicester, U.K.
Lunec
J
J
D000818:Animals; D053285:CD30 Ligand; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008024:Ligands; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D053285:CD30 Ligand; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505775:Tnfsf8 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023201:CD40 Ligand