title: Relationship between ossification of the cartilages of the foot and conformation and radiographic measurements of the front feet in Finnhorses.
abstract: One hundred Finnhorse cadaver front feet were measured and examined both radiographically and visually to report the incidence of various foot problems and their relationship to ossification of the cartilages of the foot. Ossification extending above the proximal border of the navicular bone and/or separate centres of ossification were found in 36 feet, and the lateral cartilages showed more ossification than the medial cartilages. The feet were generally broad with well developed frogs, but the long toe-low heel syndrome was a relatively common finding. Ossification of the cartilages correlated with the length of the heels but was not related to any clinically significant foot abnormalities such as contracted or under-run heels or signs of unequal weightbearing. Ossification of the cartilages did not seem to be either the cause or the result of general conformational adaptations of the front feet.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruohoniemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raekallio
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tulamo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salonius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D015994:Incidence; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography