[Comparative study of various 2-D and 3-D vision systems in minimally invasive surgery].
The aim of this comparative study was to gain subjective and objective data to determine for which operative tasks it is useful to work with 3-D rather than 2-D vision systems and to show the advantages and disadvantages of 3-D systems. A series of five standardized tasks like sewing and tying knots was set up to measure performance times objectively and to count errors. Compared with 2-D vision, the performance time was 32% shorter and 43% fewer errors were made under 3-D vision (P < 0.001). In our endoscopic training centre, surgeons involved in basic and advanced laparoscopic courses trained using both 2-D and 3-D vision systems. They subsequently completed analogue scale questionnaires to record a subjective impression of comparative ease of operation tasks under 2-D and 3-D vision, and to identify perceived deficiencies in the 3-D system. In both courses, all operative tasks were judged significantly easier under 3-D vision (P < 0.001). It was concluded that users with a normal capacity for spatial perception can work faster and safer under 3-D vision, especially for more complicated surgical manoeuvres.
Buess
G F
GF
Sektion für Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen.
van Bergen
P
P
Kunert
W
W
Schurr
M O
MO
D000818:Animals; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation; D003867:Depth Perception; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome