title: Paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast-cancer cells.
abstract: A study of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was undertaken to ascertain the degree of apoptosis induction by paclitaxel and if the induction of apoptosis could be enhanced by caffeine. Paclitaxel (0-20 ng/ml) caused concentration-dependent increases in morphologically identifiable apoptotic cells (up to 43% of cell population) and cells with DNA strand breaks (up to 38%), a commonly cited marker of apoptosis. Maximal DNA strand breakage occurred after 16 hr of exposure to paclitaxel and maximal apoptotic-appearing cells occurred after 24 hr. The remaining non-apoptotic paclitaxel-exposed cells were growth arrested in G2. A 4-hr exposure to caffeine concentration-dependently (0-20 mM) increased apoptosis to 88% of the cell population. Our results show induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by paclitaxel, and enhancement of this process by caffeine.
authors.affiliation: C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. dsaunder@sgih.roc.wayne.edu
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wappler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deppe
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000473:pathology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004967:Estrogens; D003561:Cytarabine; D002110:Caffeine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin