title: The duration of action of inhaled formoterol dry powder.
abstract: The duration of action of formoterol inhaled as a dry powder formulation is compared with placebo and a reference treatment of salbutamol dry powder in patients with bronchial asthma. This single-centre, double-blind, cross-over study recruited 23 outpatients with clinically stable asthma. These patients were treated with 12 micrograms formoterol, 400 micrograms salbutamol or placebo in a randomly allocated sequence, with at least 2 days between treatments. Forced expiratory volume in 1s of expiration (FEV1) was measured at specified time points from 15 min to 15 hours post-treatment. Formoterol produced significantly higher values of FEV1 at the primary endpoint of 12 hours compared with placebo and salbutamol. No differences between FEV1 values were seen for the active treatments of formoterol and salbutamol for the first 5 hours post-inhalation. Formoterol was significantly superior to placebo at all time points, whereas salbutamol was significantly superior to placebo for the first 5 hours. This study demonstrates that formoterol, when given as a dry powder inhalation, has a significantly longer duration of acute bronchodilator action than 400micrograms salbutamol inhaled as a dry powder. The duration of action of formoterol of at least 12 hours seen in this study is at least as long as that reported following administration from a metered dose inhaler (MDI) at the same dose level. The study also demonstrates that 12micrograms formoterol dry powder is well tolerated by patients.
authors.affiliation: Ciba-Geigy Ltd (Pharmaceutical Division), Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quebe-Fehling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bromly
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fishwick
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hendrick
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D000420:Albuterol; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate