title: Management of seminoma of the testis: recommendations based on treatment results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The results of management of seminoma of the testis at the Department of Radiation Oncology St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney were evaluated retrospectively to: (i) establish that outcomes were in keeping with published results from centres in Australia and overseas; (ii) assess the impact of chemotherapy on management; and (iii) to determine 'best practice' management protocols based on our results and a review of the relevant literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  (i) Assessment of treatment results for stage I and II seminoma of the testis treated by post-orchidectomy radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy at St Vincent's Hospital between 1979 and 1993; (ii) literature review of published data from Australian and overseas centres on the management of seminoma of the testis, and in particular the use of surveillance or chemotherapy either alone, at time of relapse or combined with radiotherapy; and (iii) development of recommendations for use as management protocols in our department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data and a review of the literature suggest that post-orchidectomy radiotherapy with chemotherapy for relapse in stage I and IIA disease results in long-term cure rates approaching 100%. Treatment with chemotherapy either routinely or selectively or using a surveillance policy is unlikely to show any improvement in outcome and may be less cost-effective and/or produce increased morbidity and the risk of secondary leukaemia. For stage IIB disease (5-10 cm) the use of initial combination chemotherapy with or without subsequent radiotherapy did not appear to give better outcomes than initial radical radiotherapy alone, reserving chemotherapy or further radiotherapy for relapse. For bulkier stage IIB disease (> 10 cm), the use of initial chemotherapy plus consolidation radiotherapy appeared to be an appropriate treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management protocols for seminoma of the testis at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney Department of Radiation Oncology currently are (i) stage I, IIA and IIB (5-10 cm): post-orchidectomy radiotherapy alone with chemotherapy or further radiotherapy for relapse; and (ii) stage IIB (> 10 cm) disease: initial chemotherapy post-orchidectomy followed by radiotherapy to sites of initial disease involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents