title: Transurethral ureteroscopy: is local anesthesia with intravenous sedation sufficiently effective and safe?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of local anesthesia and sedation in ureteroscopic interventions and to compare the results with other kinds of anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  107 ureteroscopic interventions have been done to 99 renoureteral units involving 77 patients under different kinds of anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  45 of 107 procedures were performed under general anesthesia, 11 under spinal/epidural anesthesia, and 51 using local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. The overall success rate was 90%. The failure rate was 18% for the procedures undertaken using local anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local anesthesia in ureteroscopic interventions may be considered as a first choice because of almost similar success rates to other kinds of anesthesia: is has a low morbidity and low cost.
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Sisli Etfal Teaching (Children) Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miroglu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saporta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008012:Lidocaine; D003975:Diazepam