title: Automated analysis of antepartum fetal heart rate in relation to fetal rest-activity states: a longitudinal study of uncomplicated pregnancies using the Sonicaid System 8000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To learn which fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters change with gestational age and to demonstrate the relation with fetal rest-activity states.
  
  
  METHODS
  FHR and fetal movements were recorded in 12 uncomplicated pregnancies from 26 weeks gestational age onwards. Seventy-two FHR recordings of 60 min duration were analysed by a computer (Sonicaid System 8000). Statistical analysis of complete 60 min recordings and selective periods of rest and activity comprised Spearman's rank correlation test, regression analysis and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time needed to meet the system's criteria of normality decreased with gestational age. The incidence of accelerations (ACC), overall FHR variation (VAR) and variation during 'episodes of high variation' (VEHV) increased with gestational age in the total population, but statistical significance of these relations could only be demonstrated in a minority of individual fetuses. Most FHR parameters differed significantly for periods of fetal rest and activity. No FHR parameters showed a relation with gestational age during periods of rest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of ACC, VAR and VEHV with gestational age is primarily due to an increase during fetal activity. The considerable variation within and between fetuses, however, can only be partly explained by fetal rest-activity states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mantel
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Van Geijn
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ververs
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Colenbrander
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kostense
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D001322:Autoanalysis; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis