title: Hyperfibrinolysis in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the nature of accelerated fibrinolysis in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biological activity of plasminogen (Plg), plasminogen activators (PA), alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was determined by photometric analysis in 15 compensated and 35 decompensated patients with endemic Egyptian hepatosplenomegaly. Quantitative measurement of plasma concentrations of tissue t-PA, t-PA-PAI-1 complex, alpha 2-antiplasmin-plasmin complex (alpha 2-APP), fibrinogen degradation products (FbDP), D-dimers (D-D), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and prothrombin fragment (F 1 + 2) complexes, using double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and grading of the degree of hepatic insufficiency according to the Child-Pugh classification, were also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The progressive deterioration of liver function in schistosomal patients, which matched the severity of the disease, led to simultaneous defects in profibrinolytic (decreased Plg and increased PA and t-PA) and antifibrinolytic (decreased alpha 2-AP and PAI-1) factors-the latter defects being the most prominent-resulting in significant generation of plasmin (increased APP complexes) and therefore enhanced fibrinolysis (increased FbDP and D-dimer). The raised concentrations of FbDP, D-D, TAT and F 1 + 2 established its secondary nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the amount of PAI-1 available to bind and neutralise circulating t-PA may be a critical factor in the progress of hyperfibrinolysis observed in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, and that the pronounced reduction in its plasma concentration may be regarded as a potential warning indicator of haemostatic imbalance in decompensated schistosomal patients at high risk of variceal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: el-Bassiouni
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: el Bassiouny
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: el-Khayat
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Akl
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Omran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001201:Ascites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006396:Hematemesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008109:Liver Diseases, Parasitic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin; D010958:Plasminogen; D005341:Fibrinolysin