title: "Tall oil"-derived phytosterols reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.
abstract: We investigated the effects of a "tall oil"-derived phytosterol mixture (TODPM) on the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice. TODPM was added at 2% (wt/wt) to the chow of nine mice; the control group had six animals. The diet of all animals contained 9% (wt/wt) fat and 0.15% (wt/wt) cholesterol. After 4 weeks, plasma total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the TODPM-treated mice (26.6 versus 42.0 mmol/L, P < .0001). The mean body weight of the TODPM-supplemented group was significantly higher at week 5 and throughout the study (29.4 versus 27.7 g, P < .05). The experiment was terminated at 18 weeks. Histological examination showed mature atherosclerotic lesions composed of foam cells underlying the endothelium, a mosaic of extracellular glycosaminoglycans, numerous apparently proliferative smooth muscle cells, and foci of cholesterol clefts in the control animals. By contrast, the TODPM-treated mice showed only early lesions containing mainly superficial foam cells. As assessed by morphometry, the lesion area in the aortic sinuses of TODPM-treated animals was less than half that of control animals (P < .0001). This reduced lesion area was accompanied by a substantial reduction in all lesional components, reflecting a delay in progression of atheromatous changes. A strong positive correlation (r = .69, P < .01) was found between plasma total cholesterol levels and lesion area in the aortic sinuses. TODPM also prevented the occurrence of xanthomatosis. We conclude that supplementation of a cholesterol-enriched diet with TODPM significantly lowers plasma cholesterol and retards development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice, suggesting a therapeutic potential for the mixture of phytosterols studied.
authors.affiliation: Healthy Heart Program, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. jifr@unixg.ubc.ca
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moghadasian
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Frohlich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D010840:Phytosterols