title: Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy in very preterm babies: case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy among very preterm babies and in particular the associations independent of the coexistence of antenatal and intrapartum factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxford health region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Singleton babies born between 1984 and 1990 at less than 32 weeks' gestation who survived to discharge from hospital: 59 with cerebral palsy and 234 randomly selected controls without cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adverse neonatal factors expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy after adjustment for gestational age and the presence of previously identified antenatal and intrapartum risk factors were patent ductus arteriosus (odds ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.5), hypotension (2.3; 1.3 to 4.7), blood transfusion (4.8; 2.5 to 9.3), prolonged ventilation (4.8; 2.5 to 9.0), pneumothorax (3.5; 1.6 to 7.6), sepsis (3.6; 1.8 to 7.4), hyponatraemia (7.9; 2.1 to 29.6) and total parenteral nutrition (5.5; 2.8 to 10.5). Seizures were associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy (10.0; 4.1 to 24.7), as were parenchymal damage (32; 12.4 to 84.4) and appreciable ventricular dilatation (5.4; 3.0 to 9.8) detected by cerebral ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduction in the rate of cerebral palsy in very preterm babies requires an integrated approach to management throughout the antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Michaels Hospital, Bristol.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology*; D005315:Fetal Diseases; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D016015:Logistic Models; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000150:complications; D015996:Survival Rate