title: Improving the cost-to-benefit ratio of in-vitro fertilization.
abstract: In-vitro fertilization (IVF) has been criticized for being too costly to permit ready access to needy patients, either through their own funds or through those of third party providers. European groups have managed to offer these procedures at a fraction of the cost incurred by their United States counterparts by streamlining their protocols. Accordingly, we present our methods for reducing the cost of IVF. The main modification was made by performing the IVF procedures in the clinic under i.m. analgesia, avoiding the costs of a surgery suite and anaesthesia. In addition, donor, oocyte, micromanipulation, and cryopreservation services were not offered, reducing overall personnel and equipment costs. Overall costs were reduced from customary levels of $7,000--$11,000 in the United States to $3,409 per cycle initiated, while maintaining good ongoing/delivered pregnancy rates (30.0% versus 18.6% nationally) per cycle reaching aspiration. We conclude that, through the elimination of less necessary and/or utilized procedures, IVF may be performed in a more cost-effective manner while maintaining good success rates. For the patients who desire IVF services not offered under such a system, referral to a more specialized IVF center is appropriate.
authors.affiliation: La Crosse, WI, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003363:Cost Control / Q000379:methods; D005249:Fees and Charges; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000191:economics; D014922:Wisconsin