title: Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and plasmid profiles of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Durban, South Africa, 1990-1993.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The appearance of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant, both chromosomally and plasmid-mediated, to penicillin and other antibiotics makes this versatile pathogen difficult to treat. There is, therefore, a need for surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae strains to determine the efficacy of current therapeutic measures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To survey the antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated over a 4-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains were detected by the chromogenic cephalosporin test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations to penicillin G, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin were determined using the E-test. Plasmid DNA was obtained by the alkaline lysis method and profiles generated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains increased from 16.4% to 19.0% in the period from 1990 through 1993. Although all strains were resistant to penicillin, strains were susceptible to varying levels of ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and even tetracycline. All penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains possessed the 2.6-megadalton cryptic plasmid, and in addition 87.7% contained the 24.5-megadalton conjugative plasmid. Of the six known gonococcal beta-lactamase plasmids, the 4.4-megadalton Asian and 3.2-megadalton African plasmids were predominant. The most prevalent plasmid profile contained the 2.6-megadalton cryptic, 24.5-megadalton conjugative, and 4.4-megadalton Asian plasmids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To ensure effective treatment of gonorrhea, continued surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Durban-Westville, South Africa.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chenia
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hoosen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010405:Penicillinase; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011815:R Factors; D012703:Serotyping; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D010405:Penicillinase