title: Severe antibody-mediated human insulin resistance: successful treatment with the insulin analog lispro. A case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of the insulin analog lispro (Lys B28, Pro B29) in severe insulin resistance caused by human insulin antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 27-year-old man with a history of diabetes treated with human insulin for 3 years developed severe immunological insulin resistance caused by human insulin antibodies. Throughout follow-up (12 months) the insulin analog lispro was administered with an infusion pump as the only insulin therapy. The insulin dose decreased from an average of 300 U/day to 58 U/day, HbA1c decreased from 12.6 to 7.4%, and human insulin antibodies decreased from 8,057 to 1,860 nU/ml. Hypoglycemic episodes during early morning disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insulin analog lispro might be suitable for the treatment of diabetic patients with substantially increased insulin antibody levels Apparently, the structural difference between the lispro and human insulin molecules prevented lispro from binding to the human insulin antibodies in this patient and consequently was nonimmunogenic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland. kljola@uta.fi
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lahtela
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D061268:Insulin Lispro