title: Age-related differences in collagen crimp patterns in the superficial digital flexor tendon core region of untrained horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure collagen fibril crimp angles and lengths as well as collagen fibril mass-average diameters in central and peripheral regions of the superficial digital flexor tendon of wild horses, to ascertain any age-related changes in either region in the absence of imposed galloping exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements from a random cull of wild horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Superficial digital flexor tendon samples were taken from 23 wild horses ranging in age from two to ten years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were divided into 'young' (< 5 years, n = 10), 'middle-aged' (5 to < 10 years, n = 9) and 'old' groups (10+ years, n = 4) and the mean crimp angle, mean crimp length and collagen fibril mass-average diameter calculated for the central region, and for the peripheral region of each group. Differences between groups and regions were analysed using two-tailed t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crimp angle for the central region was found to decrease with age, so that in old horses it was smaller than that for the tendon periphery (P, 0.05). The crimp angle for the latter region did not alter significantly with age. Crimp period lengths and collagen fibril mass-average diameters did not show significant changes with age in either region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction of the crimp angle in the core of the superficial digital flexor tendon occurs normally with age, as tendons of older animals would have undergone a higher number of loading cycles. It is possible that athletic training increases the frequency and/or the magnitude of high loading cycles experienced by the tendon, and may accelerate and worsen the normal load-related ageing process in the superficial digital flexor tendons of young performance horses, particularly in the central regions where lesions usually occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Patterson-Kane
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goodship
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Parry
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen