title: Characterization of cis-acting sequences and trans-acting signals regulating early growth response 1 and c-fos promoters through the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor in BA/F3 cells.
abstract: Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) activates a set of genes such as c-fos, jun, myc, and early growth response gene 1 (egr-1). Studies on BA/F3 cells that express hGM-CSF receptor (hGMR) showed that two different signaling pathways controlled by distinct regions within the beta subunit are involved in activation of c-fos/c-jun genes and in c-myc, respectively. However, the region(s) of the beta subunit responsible for activation of the egr-1 gene and other regulatory genes has not been identified. We describe here how egr-1 promoter is activated by hGMR through two regions of the beta subunit, with these regions being required for activation of the c-fos promoter. Coexpression of dominant negative (dn) Ras (N17ras) or dn JAK2 almost completely suppressed the activation of egr-1 and c-fos promoters. Deletion analysis of egr-1 promoter showed two cis-acting regions responsible for activation by hGM-CSF or mouse interleukin-3 (mIL-3), one between nucleotide positions (nt) -56 and -116, and the other between nt -235 and -480, which contains tandem repeats of the serum response element (SRE) sites. Similar experiments with the c-fos promoter showed that cis-acting regions containing the SRE/AP-1 sites is sufficient for activation by hGM-CSF. Based on these observations, we propose that signaling pathways activating egr-1 and c-fos promoters are controlled by SRE elements, either through the same or overlapping pathways that involve JAK2 and Ras.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016762:Genes, fos; D011905:Genes, ras; D019833:Genistein; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000502:physiology; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; C507905:Jak1 protein, mouse; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)