title: Epiluminescence microscopy of small pigmented skin lesions: short-term formal training improves the diagnostic performance of dermatologists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) makes subsurface structures of the skin accessible for in vivo examination and provides additional criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). We demonstrated that ELM increases diagnostic sensitivity in dermatologists formally trained in the use of this technique but decreases diagnostic ability in dermatologists not formally trained in its application.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine the effects of short formal ELM training on the diagnostic performance of 11 previously untrained dermatologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred image-pairs of randomly selected histologically proven PSLs, photographed with (ELM) and without oil immersion (surface microscopy), were presented by slide projection to the testees. To evaluate the effects on diagnostic performance before and after short-term training, we used the receiver-operator characteristics technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without training the use of ELM did not enhance diagnostic accuracy, but rather decreased it in 8 of 11 testees. In contrast, after 9 hours of formal training in ELM the diagnostic performance of the testees was significantly enhanced with an average gain of 8.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm that formal training is required for the useful application of the ELM technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puespoeck-Schwarz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muellner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pehamberger
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003880:Dermatology / Q000193:education*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D011897:Random Allocation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*