A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of high dose tamoxifen and weekly cisplatin in patients with metastatic melanoma.
BACKGROUND
The authors have previously demonstrated that tamoxifen (TAM) is synergistic with cisplatin (DDP) in patients with metastatic melanoma. In vitro studies have demonstrated that TAM/DDP synergy is dependent on a TAM effect that is currently under investigation. In an attempt to improve the complete response rate of this regimen, the authors initiated a Phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TAM that could be safely administered with weekly DDP.


METHODS
TAM was started on Day 1 at a dose of 80 mg/day and was increased by 40 mg to the MTD in groups of 3 patients. DDP (80 mg/m2) was begun on Day 2 and repeated weekly for a total of 3 weeks. During Week 4, the patients were not treated with DDP but instead evaluated for response. If disease stabilization or regression was documented, the patients received a second 3-week cycle of DDP and were then reevaluated for response. Patients with progressive disease were removed from the study.


RESULTS
In 25 consecutive patients, the overall response rate was 20%. No responses were observed in patients treated with TAM at a dose of <240 mg/day. Among 13 patients treated at or above this dose, there were 2 complete responses, 3 partial responses, 2 mixed responses, and 6 patients with progressive disease. The overall response rate for patients treated with 240 mg of TAM or higher was 38.5%. Dose-limiting toxicity, which occurred at a TAM dose of 280 mg/day, was primarily hematologic and gastrointestinal in nature. There was one toxic death (due to septic neutropenia) at this dose. There were no episodes of thrombosis.


CONCLUSIONS
A TAM dose of 240 mg/day is the recommended Phase II dose. Based on the 38.5% overall response rate at this dose, the authors have initiated a Phase II study.
McClay
E F
EF
Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29403, USA.
McClay
M E
ME
Jones
J A
JA
Winski
P J
PJ
Christen
R D
RD
Howell
S B
SB
Hall
P D
PD
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D013629:Tamoxifen; D002945:Cisplatin