title: Recruitment in the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Intervention in the Elderly (TONE).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of different approaches to participant enrollment in a behavior modification trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concurrent, prospective evaluation performed in context of recruitment for a randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four study centers located in Baltimore, Maryland, Memphis, Tennessee New Brunswick, New Jersey, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women aged 60 to 80 years who were being treated with a prescription medication for control of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visit counts and percent yields were assessed at each stage of the screening and randomization process. Logistic regression was used to contrast the randomization yields for different recruitment strategies and to explore the impact of sociodemographic characteristics and geographic location on recruitment yields.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall randomization yields from a prescreen contact and a first screening visit to enrollment in the trial were 11% and 31%, respectively. Randomization yields varied significantly by participant age, education, and marital status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the feasibility of recruitment for trials of nonpharmacologic interventions in older people and suggest that mass mailing and mass media advertising campaigns provide an effective means of enrolling in such studies participants with a broad range of personal characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Whelton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Babnson
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charleston
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Folmar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoagland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lichtermann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oates-Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tayback
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000191:economics; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics; D012107:Research Design; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents