title: Comparison of ras activation in prostate carcinoma in Japanese and American men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comparative studies of point mutations in K-, N-, and H-ras oncogenes were performed on prostate carcinoma from Japanese and American patients to clarify the racial difference.
  
  
  METHODS
  We probed for mutations in 70 Japanese and 31 American specimens using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and immunohistochemistry for ras p21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the 70 Japanese specimens, eight mutations in codon 12 of K-ras (five GGT-->GTT transversions and three CGT-->GAT transitions) and one mutation in codon 12 of the N-ras gene (a GGT-->GTT transversion) were confirmed, whereas the American samples yielded only one definable mutation, a GGT-->GAT transition, in codon 12 of K-ras.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of ras gene mutations in clinical carcinoma in Japanese men was higher than that in American men. It is suggested that there may be fundamental differences in the etiology of prostate carcinoma in Japan and the United States, perhaps based on genetics and/or environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018631:ras Proteins