title: 1996 AUR Memorial Award. Densitometric analysis of eccentric vascular stenoses: comparison of CO2 and iodinated contrast media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors compared the accuracies of CO2 and iodinated contrast material in the densitometric quantification of eccentric vascular stenoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five precision-machined eccentric phantom stenoses of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% cross-sectional area narrowing were integrated into a pulsatile ex vivo flow model, imaged with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and analyzed with densitometry. Relationships between the actual and measured (densitometric) degree of cross-sectional area narrowing were evaluated by using linear regression analysis and paired Student t tests. Comparison measurements were obtained in en face and profile projections. In addition, the effect of iodinated contrast material concentration was evaluated over a range of dilutions (47-282 mg iodine per milliliter).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CO2 yielded significantly more accurate results than did iodinated contrast material (282 mg iodine per milliliter) in the 50%, 60%, and 70% stenosis models when imaging was performed en face (P < .005). The best overall correlation was observed with CO2 DSA when imaging in profile (slope = 0.91, intercept = 2.42% actual stenosis, r = .99). The accuracy of densitometric stenosis estimation was inversely related to the concentration of iodinated contrast material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2 DSA densitometry, under the conditions of these experiments, yields quantitative measures of relative cross-sectional area narrowing that are comparable with, and under some circumstances surpass, those obtained with iodinated contrast material-based DSA. In this model, CO2 was more useful than iodinated contrast material in 50%-70% stenosis when imaging in the least-optimal plane of stenosis quantification, the en face projection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kusnick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siebes
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Barnhart
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berbaum
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine