title: Intravenous dolasetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after outpatient laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
abstract: The newer 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) antagonists are sometimes considered for routine prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high-risk patients. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy and safety of three single intravenous (IV) doses of dolasetron mesylate salt (12.5, 25, or 50 mg) for the prevention of PONV in 635 females undergoing outpatient laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Antiemetic efficacy was evaluated over a 24-h postoperative period by recording the number and timing of emetic episodes; effects on nausea were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS). The proportion of complete responders (no emetic episodes and no escape medication in 24 h) was significantly higher with each dolasetron mesylate dose (> 50% for each dose; P < or = 0.0003) than with placebo (30.6%). Fewer patients given dolasetron required or requested escape antiemetic medication compared with placebo (P < 0.0003). Dolasetron-treated patients had significantly (P < 0.0357) lower median postdose maximum nausea VAS scores compared with placebo-treated patients. Patient satisfaction with dolasetron was high and, overall, was significantly (P = 0.0131) greater than that with placebo. Dolasetron was an effective and well tolerated preventive treatment for PONV resulting from laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiologists of Columbia, PA, Columbia, South Carolina 29220, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Graczyk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kallar
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hickok
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morrill
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hahne
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D007211:Indoles; D011807:Quinolizines; C060344:dolasetron