title: Photohemolytic potency of oral antidiabetic drugs in vitro: effects of antioxidants and a nitrogen atmosphere.
abstract: The sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetic drugs carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glibornuride, gliclazide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide, glymidine, tolazamide and tolbutamide were investigated for photohemolytic properties in vitro. Irradiation with a SOL 3 apparatus (solar simulating irradiation) revealed hemolysis in the presence of chlorpropamide, glipizide, gliquidone, glymidine and tolbutamide (all in the concentration 10(-3) mol/l). Except for glymidine, which exerted photohemolysis in the concentration 10(-4) mol/l, no hemolytic effects were seen in the concentration of 10(-4) mol/l or 10(-5) mol/l. Irradiation with TL 12 light bulbs (UVB), a UVASUN 5000 apparatus (UVA) or an experimental lamp (visible light) did not induce phototoxic hemolysis with either of the test substances. Addition of the antioxidants ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol or superoxide dismutase significantly inhibited the phototoxic hemolysis. Investigations carried out in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere reduced the hemolysis as well. These findings indicate an involvement of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of action of the hemolytic process in the presence of oral antidiabetic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ullevaal Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selvaag
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002271:Carbutamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002747:Chlorpropamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005907:Gliclazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005913:Glipizide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005905:Glyburide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014042:Tolazamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014810:Vitamin E; C073323:glibornuride; C073263:glymidine; D014044:Tolbutamide; D014042:Tolazamide; C010969:gliquidone; D002271:Carbutamide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005907:Gliclazide; C100171:glisoxepide; D009584:Nitrogen; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D005905:Glyburide; D002747:Chlorpropamide; D005913:Glipizide