title: [Radiation burden to the hands of surgeons in intramedullary nailing].
abstract: During 41 procedures of intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial fractures the primary surgeon and the first assistant wore ring dosimeters on their dominant index fingers. While the average fluoroscopy time per procedure was 4.6 min the average dose of radiation to the dominant hand of the primary surgeon was 1.27 mSv and 1.19 mSv to the first assistant. The dose limit for the extremities is 500 mSv per year recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Extrapolation of the average dose of the primary surgeon and first assistant per procedure of 1.23 mSv leads to the result, that the recommended dose limit of 500 mSv would only be exceeded if more than 407 intramedullary nailing procedures are carried out per year. The duration of fluoroscopy-time correlated with the radiation dose of the hands of the surgeons, though it was determined by phantom measurements that the majority of radiation exposure occurred during brief exposures of the hands in the direct X-ray beam on the X-ray tube near side of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suffner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wenda
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rudig
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; D006225:Hand / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011859:Radiography; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000379:methods; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*