title: The modality-specific organization of grammatical categories: evidence from impaired spoken and written sentence production.
abstract: We describe the case of a brain-damaged individual whose speech is characterized by difficulty with practically all words except for elements of the closed class vocabulary. In contrast, his written sentence production exhibits a complementary impairment involving the omission of closed class vocabulary items and the relative sparing of nouns. On the basis of these differences we argue: (1) that grammatical categories constitute an organizing parameter of representation and/or processing for each of the independent, modality-specific lexicons, and (2) that these observations contribute to the growing evidence that access to the orthographic and phonological forms of words can occur independently.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Dept., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. brenda@mail.cog.jhu.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caramazza
mesh_terms: D001037:Aphasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013068:Speech Production Measurement