title: Deciding about mechanical ventilation in end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how respirologists perceive their role.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine when respirologists approach patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to decide about the use of mechanical ventilation, what information they provide to patients and how they provide it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administered national survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  All Canadian specialists in respiratory medicine; of 401 eligible respirologists, 279 (69.6%) returned a completed questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timing and content of doctor-patient discussions regarding mechanical ventilation; physicians' perception of their level of involvement in the decision-making process; and patient and physician characteristics that may influence decisions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discussions were reported to occur most often at advanced stages of COPD: when the patient's dyspnea was severe (reported by 235 [84.2%] of the respondents) or when the patient's forced expiratory volume in the first second was 30% or less than predicted value (reported by 210 [75.3%]). A total of 120 respondents (43.0%) stated that they discuss mechanical ventilation with 40% or less of their COPD patients before an exacerbation necessitates ventilatory support. Most (154 [55.2%]) described the decision-making process as a collaboration between patient and physician; 83 (29.7%) reported that the patient decides after he or she has considered the physician's opinion. Over half (148 [53.0%]) of the respondents indicated that they occasionally, often or always modify the information provided to patients in order to influence their decision about mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discussions with COPD patients concerning end-of-life decisions about mechanical ventilation are reported to occur in advanced stages of the disease or not at all, with patients' input where possible. Information presented to patients is often modified in order to influence the decision. Future studies should explore ways to involve patients further in the decision-making process and to improve the process for both patients and physicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ont.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dales
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKim
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D003657:Decision Making; D018450:Disease Progression; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011379:Prognosis; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012138:Respiratory Therapy