title: Arterial remodeling after experimental percutaneous injury is highly dependent on adventitial injury and histopathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extent and nature of unfavorable geometric remodeling, especially related to the adventitia, has not been studied previously. The purpose of this study was to examine two methods of experimental arterial injury, characterize the extent of remodeling, and determine if remodeling is injury-specific.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two methods for producing coronary stenoses in pigs were used: heat injury using thermal balloon angioplasty (resulting in adventitial fibrosis), and copper stent implantation (resulting in intense inflammation). Histomorphometric parameters included changes in neointimal thickness (delta neointima) from uninjured to injured sections, and differences in area circumscribed by the internal and external elastic laminas (delta internal elastic lamina area and delta external elastic lamina area, respectively). Remodeling was calculated for each lesion as the enlargement of the external elastic lamina area or internal elastic lamina area for incremental neointimal thickening, expressed as the slopes delta external elastic area/delta neointima and delta internal elastic lamina area/delta neointima.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remodeling indices for the heat lesions for the heat lesions were negative (delta internal elastic lamina area/delta neointima = 0.15, delta external elastic lamina area/delta neointima = 0.64) and indicated little remodeling in contrast to copper stent injury (delta internal elastic lamina area/delta neointima = 0.95, delta external elastic lamina area/delta neointima = 1.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remodeling in fibrotic compared to inflammatory lesions differs markedly, and may explain increased restenosis rates observed in thermal balloon angioplasty in patients. This formulation may be useful to study remodeling and restenosis following interventional technologies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Staab
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Srivatsa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sangiorgi
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology; D003300:Copper / Q000009:adverse effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D016014:Linear Models; D012008:Recurrence; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper