title: Symmetric lipomatoses in female patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symmetric lipomatoses are characterized by marked symmetric deposition of diffusely distributed fatty tissue. Though relatively common disorders, they are rather rarely reported in the literature, possibly being misdiagnosed as general obesity. While the differential diagnosis of symmetric lipomatosis versus general obesity may not appear difficult in males, it is obviously problematic in females.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the findings in 6 representative female patients with symmetric lipomatoses: 3 with benign (multiple) symmetric lipomatosis and 3 with female zonal obesity. The former disorder was characterized by massive, firm, symmetric fat deposition predominantly around the neck and shoulder girdle and was clearly associated with alcohol abuse and/or liver disease. There were no malignant tumors of the upper airways. In the latter case, fatty tissue had accumulated mainly at the buttocks and thighs but characteristically spared the feet and hands. Tenderness was a common symptom. This disorder showed familial predisposition. Histology in both cases revealed normal fatty tissue which was neither encapsulated nor septally divided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the term 'symmetric lipomatoses' refers to two separate disorders, benign (multiple) symmetric lipomatosis and female zonal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Stavropoulos
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zouboulis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trautmann
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Orfanos
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002081:Buttocks / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008069:Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012782:Shoulder / Q000473:pathology; D013848:Thigh / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol