title: Multiplanar image reconstruction and 3D imaging using a musculoskeletal phantom: conventional versus helical CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to perform a detailed comparison of the relative performances of helical CT (pitches 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) and conventional (overlapped and nonoverlapped) CT in detailed 3D and MPR musculoskeletal imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specially designed bone fragment phantom was imaged with multiple slice thicknesses using conventional (overlapped and nonoverlapped) and helical (varying pitch and slice index) CT. Studies were randomized, blinded, and graded using predetermined criteria by 10 radiologists. Statistical analysis included an assessment of raw image scores, a separate testing using duplicate copies of the conventional images as gold standards, and a multivariate model based upon the results of both scoring systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When assessing raw scores of the images, conventional scans were consistently scored more favorably than helical studies. Decreasing the slice index improved conventional CT studies and helical studies with a pitch of 1.0, but showed no effect on helical studies with a pitch of > 1.0. When using the conventional studies as gold standards, the helical studies were consistently graded as poorer than conventional overlapped and nonoverlapped studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For detailed musculoskeletal 3D and MPR work, helical CT may not adequately compare with conventional CT and offers no discernible advantage, particularly for pitches of > 1.0.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kasales
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Mauger
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sefczek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahraj
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Meilstrup
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Hook
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Patrone
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sefczek
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Eggli
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westacott
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hopper
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009132:Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*