title: Pseudoephedrine is without ergogenic effects during prolonged exercise.
abstract: This study was designed to measure whether a single dose of 120 mg pseudoephedrine ingested 120 min before exercise influences performance during 1 h of high-intensity exercise. The effects of exercise on urinary excretion of the drug were also studied. Ten healthy male cyclists were tested on two occasions, separated by at least 7 days, by using a randomly assigned, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Exercise performance was tested during a 40-km trial on a laboratory cycle ergometer, and skeletal muscle function was measured during isometric contractions. On a third occasion, subjects ingested 120 mg pseudoephedrine but did not exercise [control (C)]. Pseudoephedrine did not influence either time trial performance [drug (D) vs. placebo: 58.1 +/- 1.4 (SE) vs. 58.7 +/- 1.5 min] or isometric muscle function. Urinary pseudoephedrine concentrations were significantly increased 1 h after exercise (D vs. C: 114.3 +/- 27.2 vs. 35.4 +/- 13.1 micrograms/ml; P < 0.05). Peak plasma pseudoephedrine concentrations (P < 0.05) but not time taken to reach peak plasma concentrations or the area under the plasma pseudoephedrine concentration vs. time curve was significantly increased in the total group with exercise (D vs. C). In three subjects, plasma pseudoephedrine concentrations were not influenced by exercise. Only these subjects showed increased urinary pseudoephedrine excretion during exercise. We conclude that a single therapeutic dose of pseudoephedrine did not have a measurable ergogenic effect during high-intensity exercise of 1-h duration, but plasma drug concentrations and urinary excretion were altered by exercise. These findings have practical relevance to doping control regulations in international sporting competitions.
authors.affiliation: Liberty Life Chair of Exercise and Sports Science, Medical Research Council/University of Cape Town Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, Observatory, South Africa.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Derman
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Noakes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gabriels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004809:Ephedrine