title: Chemical and elemental comparison of two formulations of oleoresin capsicum.
abstract: In-custody deaths following the application of pepper spray weaponry by law enforcement personnel have increased in California over the last few years. Oleoresin capsicum (OC), an oily extract of hot peppers, is the active ingredient in the spray, but little detailed information on product mixtures is available. Since OC extracts contain a multitude of natural compounds at irregular concentrations, there could be considerable, variation in overall chemical composition among the different formulations of both 'natural' and 'synthetic' OC preparations. This was confirmed by organic and inorganic analyses performed on OC sprays produced by two manufacturers licensed for distribution within the state of California. The results indicated that the differences could lead to considerable inconsistency in weapon effectiveness, and suggested that more comprehensive studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Whipple
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pelkey
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D002140:California; D002212:Capsicum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D002423:Cause of Death; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D016495:Police
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C018620:oleoresins