title: Chronic consumers of boiled coffee have elevated serum levels of lipoprotein(a).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipoprotein(a) consists of an LDL-particle attached to apolipoprotein(a), which is made by the liver. Diterpenes present in boiled coffee raise serum levels of LDL cholesterol and of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase in man. We investigated the association between intake of boiled coffee and serum levels of lipoprotein(a).
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy Norwegians 40-42 years of age, who habitually consumed five or more cups of boiled coffee per day (n = 150) were compared with matched filter coffee consumers (n = 159) in a cross-sectional study, as part of the Norwegian National Health Screening in 1992.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median lipoprotein(a) level was 13.0 mg dL-1 (10th and 90th percentile: 2.5 and 75.0 mg dL-1, respectively) on boiled and 7.9 mg dL-1 (10th and 90th percentile: 1.9 and 62.5 mg dL-1, respectively) on filter coffee (P = 0.048). Means +/- SE were 25.8 +/- 2.4 mg dL-1 and 19.6 +/- 2.0 mg dL-1, respectively (P = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, subjects consuming nine or more cups of coffee per day had higher lipoprotein(a) levels than those drinking five to eight cups per day in both coffee groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic consumers of unfiltered, boiled coffee have higher serum levels of lipoprotein(a) than filter coffee drinkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University Bomenweg 2. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urgert
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Weusten-van der Wouw
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hovenier
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lund-Larsen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Katan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009664:Norway
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D017270:Lipoprotein(a)