title: Spontaneous mediastinal hemorrhage: a case report with a review of the literature.
abstract: A patient on chronic hemodialysis presenting with shortness of breath and dysphagia was found to have massive hemomediastinum. A review of the world's literature prompted by this case reveals that this rare entity can be classified into three general groups: (1) hemomediastinum secondary to underlying bleeding disorder, (2) hemomediastinum secondary to hemorrhage into a mediastinal organ or gland, without underlying bleeding disorder and (3) idiopathic hemomediastinum, without underlying bleeding disorder. Therapy depends upon the underlying etiology and the severity of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomelsky
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001994:Bronchogenic Cyst / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006406:Hematoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed