title: Improving care for minority children with asthma: professional education in public health clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown that lack of continuing primary care for asthma is associated with increased levels of morbidity in low-income minority children. Although effective preventive therapy is available, many African-American and Latino children receive episodic treatment for asthma that does not follow current guidelines for care. To see if access, continuity, and quality of care could be improved in pediatric clinics serving low-income children in New York City, we trained staff in New York City Bureau of Child Health clinics to provide continuing, preventive care for asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the impact of the intervention over a 2-year period in a controlled study of 22 clinics. Training for intervention clinic staff was based on National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma, and included screening to identify new cases and health education to improve family management. The intervention included strong administrative support by the Bureau of Child Health to promote staff behavior change. We hypothesized that after the intervention, clinics that received the intervention would, compared with control clinics, have increased numbers of children with asthma receiving continuing care in the clinics and increased staff use of new pharmacologic and educational treatment methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the first and second follow-up years, the intervention clinics had greater positive changes than control clinics on measures of access, continuity, and quality of care. For second year follow-up data these include: for access, greater rate of new asthma patients (40/1000 vs 16/1000; P < .01); for continuity, greater percentage of asthma patients returning for treatment 2 years in a row (42% vs 12%; P < .001) and greater annual frequency of scheduled visits for asthma per patient (1.85 vs .88; P < .001); and for quality, greater percentage of patients receiving inhaled beta agonists (52% vs 15%; P < .001) and inhaled antiinflammatory drugs (25% vs 2%; P < .001), and greater percentages of parents who reported receiving patient education on 12 topics from Bureau of Child Health physicians (71% vs 58%; P < .01) and nurses (61% vs 44%; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the intervention substantially increased the Bureau of Child Health staff's ability to identify children with asthma, involve them in continuing care, and provide them with state-of-the-art care for asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mellins
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lobach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramos-Bonoan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinkett-Heller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiesemann
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levison
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000592:standards; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000592:standards*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D004496:Education, Continuing; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008913:Minority Groups; D009519:New York City; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011634:Public Health; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D000078329:Workforce