title: Pharmacokinetics and anti-HIV-1 efficacy of negatively charged human serum albumins in mice.
abstract: Negatively charged albumins (NCAs, with the prototypes succinylated human serum albumin (Suc-HSA) and aconitylated human serum albumin (Aco-HSA)), modified proteins with a potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) activity in vitro, were studied for their pharmacokinetic behaviour in mice and their in vivo anti-HIV-1 efficacy in an HIV-1 infection model in mice. In contrast to the saturation kinetics found in rats, intravenous injections of 10-300 mg/kg for both NCAs showed a linear correlation between the area under the curve (AUC) and the dose. The elimination t1/2 was 25 and 30 min for Suc-HSA and Aco-HSA, respectively. Preinjections of an excess of formaldehyde-treated albumin (Form-HSA) resulted in plasma levels that were 3- and 4-fold higher for Aco-HSA and Suc-HSA, respectively. These data indicate that elimination is at least partly (scavenger) receptor-mediated. Organ distribution studies 10 min after injection showed an accumulation in liver (Suc-HSA 17.3 +/- 6.6% of the dose; Aco-HSA 20.9 +/- 2.3%) and lungs (Suc-HSA 12.7 +/- 10.5%; Aco-HSA 16.0 +/- 13.6). Intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg Suc-HSA resulted in a final bioavailability of about 0.45. Suc-HSA was also evaluated for its in vivo neutralizing capacity in a human-to-mouse chimeric model for HIV-1 infection. Intraperitoneal injections of 300 and 3 mg/kg Suc-HSA, given 15-30 min before the mice were challenged with the virus, sufficed to protect these mice against infection with the HIV-1 IIIB strain.
authors.affiliation: Groningen Utrecht Institute for Drug Studies (GIDS), University Centre for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands. M.E.Kuipers@farm.rug.nl
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schutten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Proost
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Meijer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004563:Electrochemistry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012709:Serum Albumin; C034877:succinylalbumin