title: MR appearance and spectral features of injected ethanol in the liver: implication for fast MR-guided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to evaluate several fast MR strategies for monitoring ethanol distributions so that percutaneous ethanol injection might be guided with MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fast RF spoiled GRE sequences (SPGR) and T2-weighted rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequences with and without spectroscopic-quality water suppression techniques were assessed for their ability to depict the distribution of injected ethanol in ex vivo pig liver. A line scan Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill spectroscopic imaging sequence was used to validate observations and measure spectral relaxation characteristics of the ethanol signal in liver. Injected deuterated ethanol was also tested as an alternative possibility to depict the distribution of ethanol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The water-suppressed T2-weighted RARE sequence depicted the distribution of ethanol better than other sequences. Deuterated ethanol appeared as a signal void on all sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Water-suppressed T2-weighted RARE sequences could be useful to rapidly monitor MR-guided PEI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinmoto
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Mulkern
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshio
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007267:Injections; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol