title: Fixation of various porcine arteries with an epoxy compound.
abstract: The clinical results of biological vascular grafts have been unsatisfactory. The poor results of these vascular grafts may be attributed to the fixatives, aldehydes, used in fixing tissues. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a new fixative, epoxy compound, has recently been used to fix biological vascular grafts. The study was undertaken to investigate the crosslinking characteristics, fixation index and denaturation temperature, of various porcine arteries fixed with an epoxy compound. The porcine arteries investigated in the study were the common carotid artery, internal thoracic artery, abdominal aorta, and saphenous artery. In addition, the effects of sonication on the porcine arteries before fixation on their crosslinking characteristics were analyzed. The fresh and glutaraldehyde-fixed arteries were used as controls. It was noted that glycine, proline, and alanine were the most abundant amino acids found in the porcine internal thoracic artery. In the amino acid analysis, it was observed that the amino acids in the porcine arteries reacted with epoxy compound or glutaraldehyde were lysine, hydroxylysine, histidine, and arginine. Of these amino acids, lysine was the most reactive. In general, the fixed arteries were relatively stiffer than their fresh counterparts. The fixation indices and denaturation temperatures of various porcine arteries were comparable throughout the entire fixation process. The amounts of free amino groups of the sonicated arteries were significantly lower than those of their unsonicated counterparts (p < 0.05). It is speculated that the diminishing free amino groups of the sonicated arteries may be attributed to the removal of the destroyed cell debris and adherent proteins of the arteries after sonication. However, it was learned that sonication on the porcine arteries before fixation did not seem to affect their fixation indices and denaturation temperatures. The results obtained in this study may help one in selecting the raw materials for developing a small-diameter biological vascular graft
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000592:standards; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005404:Fixatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism; D006901:Hydroxylysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D013010:Sonication; D013552:Swine; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005404:Fixatives; D006901:Hydroxylysine; D006639:Histidine; D001120:Arginine; D008239:Lysine; D005976:Glutaral