title: Dysmenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
abstract: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a diagnosis of exclusion. Endometrial cancer and endometrial precursor lesions must be excluded before a diagnosis of anovulatory bleeding is made. Treatment consists of intravenous estrogen therapy, oral contraceptive pills, and progestational agents. Menorrhagia is excessive menstrual bleeding treated with antiprostaglandins, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices, endometrial ablation, and danazol. Dysmenorrhea results from the release of prostaglandin 2alpha and is treated with antiprostaglandin agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48118, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Apgar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000503:physiopathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology; D008796:Metrorrhagia / Q000628:therapy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone