title: [Incidence of postmyelography syndrome and postmyelography complaints after lumbar puncture with the Sprotte pencil-like needle in comparison with the Quincke needle].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myelography in combination with a postmyelography CT is an important presurgical examination because of its excellent visualisation of the disc, the bone and the contrast-filled dura. Side effects after myelography can be observed in up to 50% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanism is thought to be increased cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the puncture site. Since the introduction by Sprotte in 1979 of the pencil-point needle, a modification of Whitacre's needle, fewer complaints after lumbar puncture have been reported. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of two types of needle points and the temperature (37 degrees C vs 21 degrees C) of the contrast medium (CM; iotrolan, Isovist) on the incidence of side effects of lumbar puncture for myelography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective randomized trial the incidence of complaints after lumbar puncture with intrathecal CM application was evaluated by the use of a 21-G pencil-point needle as modified by Sprotte compared to our usual 22-G needle with a Quincke bevel. Some 412 patients (201 female, 211 male; mean age 54.05 +/- 7.4 years) were investigated. Directly after examination and 1. 3 and 5 days later the patients were questioned about complaints (headache, neck stiffness nausea, vomiting, buzzing in the ear and dizziness). The results were tested by the chi square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly lower incidence of complaints was seen after lumbar puncture with the pencil-point needle/Quincke needle (headache: 6.3%/18.9%, P < 0.0001; headache lasting 3 days: 0.5%/7.8%, P < 0.0001; headache lasting 5 days: 0%/2.4%, P = 0.0305; nausea: 0%/4.9%, P = 0.0009; vomiting: 0%/3.4%, P = 0.0009; dizziness: 0%/3.4%, P = 0.0074; neck stiffness: 0%/3.4%, P = 0.0074). The temperature of the CM had no influence on the complaints. No influence was seen on the quality of the myelogram. No relation to sex and age was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complaints after lumbar puncture and myelography are caused by the cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the puncture site. The incidence of side effects related to this leakage can be reduced by using a pencil-point needle. The temperature of the CM has no influence on the complaints.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reiche
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009192:Myelography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009339:Needles; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013577:Syndrome; D014717:Vertigo / Q000209:etiology*