title: Investigations on subjective and objective cyclorotatory changes after inferior oblique muscle recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine subjective and objective cyclorotatory changes after surgery for oblique muscle disorders and to analyze the mechanisms of the well-known, long-term, postoperative, subjective cyclotorsional changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients underwent unilateral inferior oblique muscle recession for strabismus sursoadductorius (inferior oblique overfunction). Subjective and objective cyclodeviation were examined before surgery with and without diagnostic occlusion, as well as 1 day, 3 days, and 4 months after surgery. Subjective cyclodeviation was assessed by Harms' tangent scale. Objective cycloposition was measured by means of fundus cyclometry, a novel method using an infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic occlusion did not lead to significant changes in either objective or subjective cyclodeviation. Preoperative objective excycloposition was nearly equally distributed between affected eyes and fellow eyes. Early surgically induced incyclorotatory effects were more pronounced objectively than subjectively. On long-term follow-up, a reduction in the incyclorotatory effect was found to be smaller subjectively than objectively. A significant difference between subjective and objective cycloposition was seen early after surgery, and a significant difference between subjective and objective cyclorotatory change was found immediately after surgery and on long-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term regression of the incyclorotatory effect after inferior oblique muscle recession was confirmed objectively and subjectively and can be explained as a cessation of preoperatively required binocular compensatory innervation. The authors conclude that the difference between objective and subjective regression is caused by sensory cyclofusion.
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schworm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eithoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaumberger
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Boergen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*