title: Phase I and phase II enzymes produced by Cunninghamella elegans for the metabolism of xenobiotics.
abstract: The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans has the ability to metabolize xenobiotics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical drugs, by both phase I and II biotransformations. Cytosolic and microsomal fractions were assayed for activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, aryl sulfotransferase, glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucurono-syltransferase, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and N-acetyltransferase. The cytosolic preparations contained activities of an aryl sulfotransferase (15.0 nmol min-1 mg-1), UDP-glucosyltransferase (0.27 nmol min-1 mg-1) and glutathione S-transferase (20.8 nmol min-1 mg-1). In contrast, the microsomal preparations contained cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities for aromatic hydroxylation (0.15 nmol min-1 mg-1) and N-demethylation (0.17 nmol min-1 mg-1) of cyclobenzaprine. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was detected in both the cytosol (0.09 nmol min-1 mg-1) and the microsomes (0.13 nmol min-1 mg-1). N-Acetyltransferase was not detected. The results from these experiments provide enzymatic mechanism data to support earlier studies and further indicate that C. elegans has a broad physiological versatility in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Leakey
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cerniglia
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology; D009090:Mucorales / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D015262:Xenobiotics; C022321:PAPS sulfotransferase; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D015238:Sulfotransferases