title: Biliary electrolytes and enzymes in patients with and without gallstones.
abstract: pH, osmolarity, various electrolytes, nine enzymes, and bile acid were determined in hepatic and gallbladder biles from 108 and 100 patients, respectively, relating to various types of gallstones. The pH, osmolarity, and electrolytes were essentially identical in all groups of patients except for slightly higher Ca and Mg in the hepatic bile in patients with muddy pigment stones. The gallbladder bile contained much higher inorganic cations yet remained isosmotic as a result of their sequestration into bile acid micelles. Excluding extremely high values, the activities of nine enzymes in the bile showed only minor differences among four groups of patients except for a high beta-glucuronidase activity in the hepatic bile in patients with muddy pigment stones. The biliary baseline activities of various enzymes and the relation to their serum levels were determined by their sources and subcellular localization in the hepatocytes. We concluded that biliary electrolytes and enzymes were basically similar in patients with and without gallstones except for higher levels of Ca, Mg, and beta-glucuronidase in hepatic bile in patients with muddy pigment stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004573:Electrolytes; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000681:Amylases; D005966:Glucuronidase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium