title: Low-dose growth hormone replacement lowers plasma leptin and fat stores without affecting body mass index in adults with growth hormone deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ob gene product, leptin, is considered to be a marker of adipose tissue mass and a possible homeostatic regulator of body mass. Our objective was to examine the effect of GH replacement on adipose tissue stores and leptin in adult hypopituitarism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adults, mean age 47 years (range 20-69) with proven GH deficiency were randomly allocated to either GH (up to 0.25 U/kg/week in daily doses) or placebo for 3 months before cross-over to the opposite treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the whole body, trunk and limbs. Plasma leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay at baseline and +2, +4, +8 and +12 weeks in each treatment arm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total body tissue fat (mean +/- SE) was 30.1 +/- 2.2% after GH compared with 31.9 +/- 2.2% after placebo, P < 0.001 (ANOVA). There were no significant changes in BMI (kg/m2), 29.1 +/- 1.3 after placebo vs 28.8 +/- 1.2 after GH; or waist to hip ratio (WHR), 0.91 +/- 0.01 after both placebo and GH. Baseline plasma leptin showed a significant correlation with baseline BMI, r = 0.67, P < 0.005 and baseline percentage total body fat, R = 0.89, P < 0.001. Plasma leptin (adjusted by using baseline percentage total body fat as a covariate) showed a significant linear decrease with time on GH compared with placebo (P = 0.03, ANOVA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma leptin and total body fat fall promptly in response to low-dose replacement of GH in GH-deficient subjects. Hormone-induced changes in leptin can occur in humans in the absence of change in body mass index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Florkowski
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: P Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Zimmet
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Livesey
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Espiner
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Donald
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin; D008875:Middle Aged; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone