title: Vaginal fluid hCG levels for detecting premature rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the measurement of hCG levels in vaginal fluid is useful for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  After irrigating the posterior vaginal fornix with 3 mL of sterile saline and procuring vaginal washings, we measured hCG levels. Samples were analyzed from 188 normal pregnant women, 42, 61, and 85 during the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Levels of hCG were compared with those of 24 women with confirmed PROM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of vaginal fluid hCG levels of normal pregnant women were 37.9 (1.9, 725.6), 9.5 (0.8, 95.8), and 6.3 (0.6, 62.2) mIU/mL during the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. That of women with PROM was 420.6 (216.3, 918.3) mIU/mL. For the second trimester, sensitivity was 100%, specificity 91.8%, positive predictive value 82.8%, negative predictive value 100%, and accuracy 94.1%; and for the third trimester, sensitivity was 100%, specificity 96.5%, positive predictive value 88.9%, negative predictive value 100%, and accuracy 97.2%, using a threshold value of 50 mIU/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hCG level in vaginal fluid is a useful marker of PROM during the second and third trimesters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000032:analysis*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin