title: Chemoprotection of normal tissues by transfer of drug resistance genes.
abstract: The effectiveness of many types of antitumour agent is limited by (i) acute dose limiting cytotoxicity, principally myelosuppression but also lung, liver and gastrointestinal tract toxicity, (ii) the risk of therapy related secondary malignancy and (iii) the inherent or acquired drug-resistance of tumour cells. As the management of the acute toxic effects improve, the more insidious effects, and particularly haematological malignancies, are anticipated to increase. Furthermore, attempts to overcome tumour cell resistance to treatment can lead to increased collateral damage in normal tissues. One approach to circumventing both the acute toxic and chronic carcinogenic effects of chemotherapy would be to use gene therapy to achieve high levels of expression of drug resistance proteins in otherwise drug-sensitive tissues. To date the products of the multi-drug resistance (MDR-1) and the human O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (ATase) gene have been used in preclinical experiments to demonstrate proof of principle, and the former of these is now being tested in a clinical situation. Here we discuss the potential of drug-resistance gene therapy to provide chemoprotection to normal tissues and examine the prospects for a dual approach which combines this with pharmacological sensitisation of tumours to chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: CRC Department of Carcinogenesis, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital (NHS)-Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hickson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chinnasamy
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lashford
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Margison
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fairbairn
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008780:Methyltransferases; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase