title: Islet cell antibody seroconversion in children is temporally associated with enterovirus infections. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group.
abstract: Exposure to Coxsackie B virus or other enteroviruses prenatally or in childhood increases the risk for later manifestation of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The occurrence of enterovirus infections was analyzed in 23 initially nondiabetic and islet cell antibody (ICA)-negative siblings of IDDM patients who converted to ICA positivity during a prospective follow-up study. Increases in enterovirus antibody levels, documented by heavy chain-capture RIA and EIA techniques, were significantly more frequent in sample intervals in which ICA first appeared (18/23, 78%) than in other sample intervals in these siblings (30/92, 33%; P < .001) or all sample intervals in 97 ICA-negative control siblings (117/403, 29%; P < .001). The children who converted to ICA positivity during an enterovirus infection more often had the high-risk HLA-DQB1 genotype than did children who were constantly ICA-negative (P < .01). The results suggest that enteroviruses may be important in the induction of a beta cell damaging process long before the clinical manifestation of IDDM.
authors.affiliation: University of Tampere, Medical School, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyöty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reijonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vähäsalo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roivainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lonnrot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leinikki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hovi
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Akerblom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009679:Nuclear Family; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C057615:HLA-DQbeta antigen; D010455:Peptides