title: The sensitivity of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction can obviate concern of maternal contamination when fetal samples are genotyped for immune cytopenic disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fetuses at risk for immune cytopenic disorders can be identified by molecular genotyping assays. To better understand the impact of maternal contamination on genotyping results, the levels of contamination that are routinely encountered during prenatal testing of fetal samples and the sensitivity of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in detecting paternal alloalleles were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reconstitution experiments were performed to define the sensitivity of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assays. The sensitivities of allele-specific polymerase chain reactions and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism were compared for detection of the factor V Leiden mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A quantitative analysis of variable-number tandem repeat loci revealed maternal contamination in 4 of 56 fetal samples. Contaminating deoxyribonucleic acid compromised genotyping results when it comprised between 94% and 99% of the total deoxyribonucleic acid. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was found to be the more sensitive technique (0.8% sensitivity vs 13% sensitivity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results illustrate that allele-specific polymerase chain reaction is well suited for reliable prenatal identification of fetuses at risk of immune cytopenic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratories, Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53201, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hessner
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Agostini
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Bellissimo
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Endean
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pircon
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Kirschbaum
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D005819:Genetic Markers; C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V