title: Changes in intracardiac atrial cardioversion threshold at rest and during exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to analyze in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) the change in the intracardiac atrial defibrillation threshold (ADT) at rest and during exercise, to quantify the effective risk of low energy endocavitary cardioversion during the effort and to compare the ADT of chronic and reinduced AF.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Low energy endocavitary cardioversion is a new alternative to transthoracic shock in patients with chronic AF. Nevertheless, patient discomfort and possible induction of ventricular arrhythmias should be further evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with chronic AF were included in the study. Two 6F custom-made catheters (Electro-Catheter, Inc.) were used for shock delivery and one tetrapolar lead for ventricular synchronization. Without sedation and in a random order, patients underwent two sequences of shocks to determine the ADT at rest and during exercise. Exercise was performed isometrically by the superior limbs. Atrial fibrillation was reinduced by atrial pacing. After each shock, the patients were requested to grade their discomfort with a score from 1 to 5. The power of the study was > 90% in detecting a 25% difference in the ADT between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were classified into two groups: Nine patients (group A) underwent the first cardioversion during exercise; seven patients (group B) underwent the first cardioversion at rest. In total, the mean (+/-SD) ADT was 6.70 +/- 1.54 J during exercise and 7.02 +/- 1.82 J at rest (p = 0.59). A significantly lower ADT was observed in the second shock sequence than the first one (6.32 +/- 2.09 J vs. 7.40 +/- 0.87 J, p < 0.05). The discomfort score was 3.25 +/- 0.86 at rest and 2.94 +/- 0.77 during exercise (p = 0.09). No complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low energy endocavitary cardioversion is a safe and effective procedure in patients with chronic AF. Discomfort is not generally severe enough to result in procedure termination. The ADT is not influenced by exercise and is higher in chronic than in reinduced AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Disease, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pandozi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jesi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004554:Electric Countershock; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged