title: Comparison of visual and tactile localization of the trocar tip during abdominal entry.
abstract: We attempted to determine whether video-aided visual imaging during laparoscopic insertion of the trocar would improve the surgeon's ability to localize the sharp penetrating tip of the instrument. A newly described, visually directed laparoscopic trocar was inserted in 184 subjects to correlate visual localization of the tip with the accuracy of the conventional tactile sensory approach. In 164 of the 184 cases the fascia was recognized visually at the same time that the surgeon acknowledged tactile resistance. However, partial intraabdominal penetration was noted in 102 of these cases just before the anticipated loss of resistance could be felt manually. More important, in 20 women there was no subjective manual confirmation of the tip location by the time intraabdominal placement of the trocar was confirmed visually. In this limited series there were no multiple insertions or complications under visually directed trocar entry. Video-aided direct visualization improves the surgeon's ability to localize the tip of the trocar throughout the insertion. It may help the surgeon to recognize and possibly avoid some inadvertent distant intraabdominal organ injuries.
authors.affiliation: Womens Medical Pavilion, 88 Ashford Avenue, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kaali
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barad
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Merkatz
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008029:Lighting; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000601:surgery; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive; D014110:Touch; D014741:Video Recording; D014785:Vision, Ocular