title: The relationship between acid and bile reflux and symptoms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of bile in the genesis of oesophageal symptoms and disease is incompletely understood. A new method of ambulatory bile monitoring may help to define this role.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the relationship between symptom events and acid and bile reflux episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  59 consecutive patients presenting for further investigation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent combined ambulatory pH and bile monitoring. For each patient, a symptom index (SI) was calculated in relation to both acid reflux and bile reflux episodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were divided into those without (group 1, n = 21) and those with (group 2, n = 38) acid reflux. A total of 394 symptoms were identified in 59 patients. In group 1, there were fewer symptom events per patient (mean 4.1) than group 2 (mean 8.1). Twenty three per cent of symptom events were associated with acid reflux in group 1 and 41% in group 2. Only 6% of symptom events in both groups were related to bile reflux. In group 1 both the acid and bile related SI score were low. In group 2 the bile related SI score was low, but the acid related SI score was high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms are much more often related to acid reflux than bile reflux. Bile reflux does not seem to be a major factor in producing oesophageal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital, London.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anggiansah
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile; D001655:Bile Reflux / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory