title: Antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry: past, present, and future.
abstract: The antigen retrieval (AR) technique, which is predominantly based on high-temperature heating of tissues, is used as a non-enzymatic pretreatment for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It has been widely applied in pathology and analytical morphology. The existence of a growing body of literature on the AR technique raises a number of interesting issues for the further development of AR. These issues include the use of a "test battery" and the concept of "maximal retrieval" applied to the selection of optimal test protocols for the standardization of AR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens