title: Administration-time-dependent effects of diltiazem on the 24-hour blood pressure profile of essential hypertension patients.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify differences in the patterns of efficacy and duration of effect by diltiazem given in different dosage forms and schedules. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored before and after treatment by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for 48 h every 30 min. Patients were divided for treatment assignment into 4 groups -nocturnal BP dippers and nondippers. In dipper hypertension, diltiazem-retard at 08:00 (n = 7) had the most marked antihypertensive effects during nighttime rest (SBP; 136 +/- 14/118 +/- 9 mmHg, p < 0.01 before vs. after treatment). Diltiazem-retard at 19:00 (n = 6) exerted greatest effect during daytime activity (152 +/- 7/139 +/- 6, p < 0.01) with inhibition of the morning BP rise. Diltiazem (t.i.d., n = 5) had the best effect during daytime activity (151 +/- 16/136 +/- 9, p < 0.05). However, in nondipper hypertensive patients, diltiazem (t.i.d., n = 8) had the most pronounced antihypertensive effects during nightly rest (144 +/- 12/127 +/- 12, p < 0.05). Evening medication with diltiazem retard appears to be more efficacious than the other dosage schedules.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okutani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukaiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ijiri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004110:Diltiazem