title: Photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia as an adjuvant modality in preventing tumor recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence by photodynamic therapy (PDT), and by ablative CO2 laser surgery followed by PDT, compared to ablative surgery alone (negative control) or ablative surgery followed by a course of hyperthermia (positive control).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cheek pouches of 36 hamsters were treated with 0.5% 9,10 dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in acetone three times a week. After 12 weeks all animals showed tumors of their cheek pouches and were divided into four groups. In groups number I, II, and III, all visible tumors were removed by aid of a CO2 laser. Animals of group I did not receive any further treatment. After tumor resection, the cheek pouches in group II were treated with hyperthermia by aid of a Nd:YAG laser and a temperature of 43 degrees C for 30 minutes. In group III after resection of the tumors, the cheek pouches were treated with PDT (75mW/cm2 175J/cm2--3mg/kg Photofrin i.p./24h). In group IV, the tumors were not excised, instead they were only treated with PDT (as above). All animals were observed for 50 days for any signs of tumor recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I (CO2) all tumors (100%) recurred within 50 days. In group II (CO2 + hyperthermia) 61%, in group III (CO2 + PDT) 27.7%, and in group IV (PDT) 50% of all tumors recurred. The first signs of recurrence could be seen in group I, followed by groups II and IV. Group III was the last one presenting tumor recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of CO2 surgery and PDT produced significantly better results than CO2 surgery or PDT alone, and better than the combination of CO2 surgery and hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Crean
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kingsbury
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liebow
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006224:Cricetinae; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017324:Hematoporphyrin Derivative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D017324:Hematoporphyrin Derivative