title: Detection of human papillomavirus by the polymerase chain reaction in histologically normal penile skin adjacent to penile warts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anogenital warts frequently recur following ablative treatment, and in the female, has been attributed to the presence of latent HPV infection outside the treatment margins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether HPV DNA sequences were detected by PCR in histologically normal penile skin adjacent to penile warts and to correlate recurrence of warts following surgical ablation to the presence of HPV DNA in histologically normal penile skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 25 heterosexual men with penile warts. Biopsies of clinically healthy penile skin 1 cm from the nearest penile lesion (wart with/without surrounding acetowhite changes) were processed for histology and HPV DNA analysis. The penile wart was processed for HPV DNA analysis only. Recurrence of penile warts was correlated to HPV status of adjacent histologically normal penile skin using Fisher's exact test (FET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequences homologous to HPV DNA were detected in 77% of biopsies of histologically normal penile skin. Agreement in HPV DNA type between penile wart and the adjacent histologically normal penile skin was only 30%. Recurrence of warts was noted in 46% of men by 16 weeks, and was not predicted by the detection of HPV DNA in the adjacent histologically normal penile skin (P = 0.16, FET).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that extending the treatment margins 1 cm beyond the visible lesion is ineffective in eradicating the virus and preventing recurrence of warts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Maw
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Dinsmore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012867:Skin / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral