title: Safety, efficacy, and acceptability of medical abortion in China, Cuba, and India: a comparative trial of mifepristone-misoprostol versus surgical abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated safety, efficacy, and acceptability of an oral regimen of medical abortion compared with surgical abortion in three developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n = 1373) with amenorrhea < or = 56 days chose either surgical abortion (as provided routinely) or 600 mg of mifepristone followed after 48 hours by 400 micrograms of misoprostol. This is the appropriate design for studying safety, efficacy, and acceptability among women selecting medical abortion over available surgical services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medical regimen had more side effects, particularly bleeding, than did surgical abortion but very few serious side effects. Failure rates for medical abortion, although low, exceeded those for surgical abortion: 8.6% versus 0.4% (China), 16.0% versus 4.0% (Cuba), and 5.2% versus 0% (India). Nearly half of failures among medical clients were not true drug failures, however, but surgical interventions not medically necessary (acceptability failures or misdiagnoses). Women were satisfied with either method, but more preferred medical abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical abortion can be safe, efficacious, and acceptable in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Population Council, New York, NY 10017, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winikoff
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sivin
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Coyaji
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabezas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eschen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellertson
mesh_terms: D000019:Abortifacient Agents; D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003462:Cuba; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015735:Mifepristone; D016595:Misoprostol; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000019:Abortifacient Agents; D016595:Misoprostol; D015735:Mifepristone