title: Energy and macronutrient balances for humans in a whole body metabolic chamber without control of preceding diet and activity level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between 24 h energy and macronutrient balances in a whole body metabolic chamber subsequent to periods when subjects maintained their normal food intake and physical activity levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen males and 17 females were studied for two 24 h sessions while consuming an estimated isocaloric diet with a food quotient of 0.85.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured twice for 24 h in whole body indirect calorimeter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive and significant correlations were evident between energy and lipid balances (r = 0.38, P < 0.05 and r = 0.54, P < 0.01, respectively) and differences between the two sessions for energy and lipid balances were also significantly correlated (r = 0.40, P < 0.05). Accounting for carbohydrate or protein balances improved the strength of each of these associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that for subjects in a small but significant positive energy balance, with uncontrolled diet and activity preceding their metabolic chamber sessions, that 24 h energy balance is positively correlated with lipid balance. Accounting for associations between lipid, carbohydrate, protein and energy balances, improved the strength of the association between 24 h lipid and energy balances. The implications of these results are that in these conditions modifications to lipid balance are important for weight maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buemann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alméras
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins