title: [The language of medicine as presented in the references of original articles published in Medicina Clínica for 50 years (1945-1995)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To describe and analyse the frequency of the various languages in the bibliographical references from the original articles published in MEDICINA CLINICA during the past 50 years (1945-1995).
  
  
  METHODS
  The languages of publication of 12,807 references from 540 original works published in MEDICINA CLINICA between 1945 and 1995 were determined (at the rate of near 50 articles per year at intervals of five years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of references in English increased constantly until 1980, but has decreased since then (26.3% in 1945, 42.1% in 1995, 57.7% in 1970, 84.2% in 1980 and 78.5% in 1995). In contrast, the percentage of references in Spanish decreased until 1980, but has increased since then (27.4% in 1945, 18.4% in 1955, 15.8% in 1970, 8.1% in 1980 and 20.0% in 1995). Initially the percentage of references in French remained more or less constant, but decreased markedly from 1970 on ward (23.1% in 1945, 22.5% in 1955, 17.1% in 1970, 5.9% in 1980 and 0.5% in 1995). The percentage of references in German decreased almost continuously during the whole period studied (19.6% in 1945, 10.7% in 1955, 5.8% in 1970, 0.3% in 1980 and 0.3% also in 1995).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 1965, English became the undisputed language of medicine in Spain. The importance of English increased from 1945, then stabilised and even started to decrease in 1980. The importance of Spanish has evolved inversely to that of English, decreasing until 1980 and increasing since that time. The importance of French remained stable until 1970, since when it has decreased, although it continued to be mentioned relatively frequently until 1990. The importance of German decreased constantly from 1945, until this language almost completely disappeared from 1985 onward.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Traducción Médica (POBP-LS), F. Hoffmann-La Roche SA. Basilea, Suiza.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D007802:Language; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000266:history; D011643:Publishing / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain
vernacular_title: El idioma de la medicina a través de las referencias bibliográficas de los artículos originales publicados en Medicina Clínica durante 50 años (1945-1995).