title: MR imaging and cervical fixation devices: evaluation of ferromagnetism, heating, and artifacts at 1.5 Tesla.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess ferromagnetism, heating, and artifacts for cervical fixation devices exposed to a 1.5 T MR system. Cervical fixation devices (three halos, one tong and two halo vests) were evaluated for compatibility with MR procedures. Ferromagnetism was determined using a previously described technique. Heating was evaluated by measuring temperatures at various positions on the cervical fixation devices while applied to a volunteer subject before and during the use of various pulse sequences, including an magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) sequence. Artifacts associated with routine clinical MR imaging of the cervical spine were qualitatively evaluated with the cervical fixation devices applied to a volunteer subject. None of the devices displayed attraction to the magnetic field. The temperature changes were +/-1.5 degrees C in each instance. The MTC pulse sequence produced a sensation of "heating" the skull pins that may have been caused by vibration of the cervical fixation device. The MR images of the cervical spine were obtained without apparent artifacts using each routine, clinical pulse sequence. The lack of ferromagnetism, negligible heating, and capability of obtaining diagnostically acceptable studies of the cervical spine indicate that MR imaging performed at 1.5 T or less may be conducted safely in patients with each of the cervical fixation devices tested using conventional pulse sequences.
authors.affiliation: Future Diagnostics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Shellock
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000293:injuries; D016267:External Fixators; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D012449:Safety; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D008670:Metals