A highly efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)
Chemotactic factors are postulated to direct emigration of lymphocytes from the blood stream into sites of inflammation. Members of a family of chemotactic cytokines, termed chemokines, have been shown to attract lymphocytes but efficacy, i.e., the maximal percentage of attracted cells, has been low. We have identified a highly efficacious lymphocyte chemotactic activity in the supernatants of the murine bone marrow stroma cell line MS-5 which attracts 10-fold more lymphocytes in vitro than currently described lymphocyte chemoattractants. Purification of this chemotactic activity revealed identity to stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). SDF-1 acts on lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils in vitro and is both a highly efficacious and highly potent mononuclear cell attractant in vivo. In addition, SDF-1 induces intracellular actin polymerization in lymphocytes, a process that is thought to be a prerequisite for cell motility. Since SDF-1 is expressed constitutively in a broad range of tissues it may have a role in immune surveillance and in basal extravasation of lymphocytes and monocytes rather than in inflammation.
Bleul
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The Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Fuhlbrigge
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RC
Casasnovas
J M
JM
Aiuti
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Springer
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TA
D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D018925:Chemokines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D007378:Interleukins