title: Double-blind comparison of sertraline, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of dysthymia: psychosocial outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on mood symptoms and psychosocial outcomes in dysthymia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trial, 416 patients with a diagnosis of early-onset primary dysthymia (DSM-III-R) of at least 5 years' duration without concurrent major depression were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of acute-phase therapy with sertraline, imipramine, or placebo. The psychosocial outcome measures used in the study were the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, the Social Adjustment Scale, the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation psychosocial ratings, and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sertraline and imipramine were significantly better than placebo in improving psychosocial outcomes as measured by the first three instruments. The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire scores demonstrated significant improvements from baseline, and both active treatments produced significantly greater improvements than placebo. Significantly fewer patients discontinued sertraline (6.0%) than discontinued imipramine (18.4%) because of adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacotherapy is an effective treatment for dysthymia in terms of psychosocial functioning as well as depressive symptoms, even when the dysthymia is long-standing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zisook
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonkers
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hellerstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Halbreich
mesh_terms: D015057:1-Naphthylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D020280:Sertraline; D012917:Social Adjustment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D015057:1-Naphthylamine; D007099:Imipramine; D020280:Sertraline