title: Taxonomy and function of C1 protein kinase C homology domains.
abstract: C1 domains are compact alpha/beta structural units of about 50 amino acids which tightly bind two zinc ions. These domains were first discovered as the loci of phorbol ester and diacylglycerol binding to conventional protein kinase C isozymes, which contain 2 C1 domains (C1A and C1B) in their N-terminal regulatory regions. We present a comprehensive list of 54 C1 domains occurring singly or doubly in 34 different proteins. Many C1 domains and C1 domain-containing proteins bind phorbol esters, but many others do not. By combining analysis of 54 C1 domain sequences with information from previously reported solution and crystal structure determinations and site-directed mutagenesis, profiles are derived and used to classify C1 domains. Twenty-six C1 domains fit the profile for phorbol-ester binding and are termed "typical." Twenty-eight other domains fit the profile for the overall C1 domain fold but do not fit the profile for phorbol ester binding, and are termed "atypical." Proteins containing typical C1 domains are predicted to be regulated by diacylglycerol, whereas those containing only atypical domains are not.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0580, USA. Hurley@tove.niddk.nih.gov
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizuka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C