title: Tubeless spontaneous respiration technique for pediatric microlaryngeal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tubeless spontaneous respiration technique for pediatric microlaryngeal surgery may be accomplished using different anesthetic protocols. Two methods, inhalation of volatile anesthetic agents alone and in combination with intravenous propofol, are reviewed with regard to intraoperative airway stability, post-operative morbidity, recovery room course, and halothane concentration required during maintenance anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Otolaryngology referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine microlaryngeal procedures were performed using tubeless spontaneous respiration technique in children ranging from 2 weeks to 11 years of age. The following 2 anesthetic protocols were used: inhaled volatile anesthetic agents alone in 18 procedures and in combination with intravenous propofol in 11. Anesthesia, surgery, and recovery room times were documented. Specific characteristics of anesthetic maintenance, including total anesthetic gas flow (liters per minute), variations of halothane concentration (percentage), and duration of halothane administration (minutes) were also recorded to calculate the mean concentration of halothane (percentage) delivered to each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical differences were observed between the 2 protocols in terms of anesthesia and surgical outcomes. Adjusting for differences in patient age, weight, maintenance duration, and total anesthetic gas flow, the introduction of propofol allowed a statistically significant reduction in the mean concentration of halothane required during maintenance anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both tubeless spontaneous respiration technique protocols proved successful in this study. However, the addition of propofol allowed a significant reduction in the halothane requirement during anesthesia maintenance. This has the potential benefit of decreasing the exposure of operating room personnel to volatile anesthetics during tubeless spontaneous respiration technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal University School of Medicine, Québec, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Quintal
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D015742:Propofol; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D006221:Halothane; D015742:Propofol