title: Evaluation of skin bacterial flora before and after aseptic preparation of clipped and nonclipped arthrocentesis sites in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates skin bacterial flora before and after aseptic preparation of clipped and nonclipped arthrocentesis sites in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hair over one midcarpal joint and one distal interphalangeal joint on each horse was clipped. The contralateral joint served as the nonclipped comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prescrub sample for microbial culture was taken from the dorsal surface of all four joints for each horse. Each site was aseptically prepared with povidone iodine and 70% alcohol, followed by postscrub sampling for microbial culture. Colony forming units (CFUs) were determined for each sample, 24 hours after inoculation of blood agar plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference (P > .05) in number of postscrub CFUs between clipped and nonclipped skin over the midcarpal or distal interphalangeal joints. Percent bacterial reduction (mean +/- SD%) after aseptic preparation differed significantly (P = .02) between clipped (99.8 +/- .003%) and nonclipped (96.2 +/- .05%) skin at the midcarpal joint, but not at the distal interphalangeal joint (clipped, 98.5 +/- .03% and nonclipped, 97.8 +/- 0.21%). There was a significant difference (P = .009) in number of prescrub CFUs obtained from clipped and nonclipped skin for the midcarpal joint. There was no significant difference in number of prescrub CFUs between clipped and nonclipped skin at the distal interphalangeal joint. Bacteria isolated from both clipped and nonclipped skin sampled postscrub included Bacillus sp, nonhemolytic Staphylococcus sp, and Micrococcus sp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of hair over the midcarpal and distal interphalangeal joints does not appear to inhibit the ability of antiseptics to effectively reduce bacterial flora to an acceptable level for arthrocentesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aseptic preparation of the skin over the midcarpal and distal interphalangeal joints can be accomplished without hair removal in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hague
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Honnas
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Peloso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001207:Asepsis / Q000379:methods*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006197:Hair / Q000382:microbiology; D006736:Horses; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000009:adverse effects; D008837:Micrococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011206:Povidone-Iodine