title: Endothelium-mediated and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-sensitive responses to cromakalim and diazoxide in the rat mesenteric bed.
abstract: The effects of two 'K+ channel openers', (+/-)-6-cyano-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-trans-4-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidyl )-2 H-benzo[b]-pyran-3-ol (cromakalim) and 7-chloro-3-methyl-2 H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (diazoxide), were studied on the rat isolated mesenteric bed. Differences in the perfusion pressure were measured as a parameter of vascular resistance. Cromakalim (0.1-700 microM) and diazoxide (1 microM-1 mM) reduced to 60% the contractions elicited by 10 microM noradrenaline and to 30% those evoked by 100 mM KCl. The relaxant effects of cromakalim and diazoxide on the noradrenaline-induced contractions were reduced by the K(+)-ATP channel blocker, 5-chloro-N-[2-[4-[[[(cyclohexylamino) carbonyl]amino]-sulfonyl]phenyl]ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide (glibenclamide, 0.01-0.3 microM), endothelium removal with 0.1% saponin and pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, S(+/-)-N5-[imino(nitroamino)methyl]-L-ornithine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 500 microM). Reductions in the relaxant responses after endothelium removal or L-NAME pretreatment were observed with 1-100 microM cromakalim and with 30 microM diazoxide but not with 100 and 300 microM diazoxide. Pretreatment with the inactive stereoisomer D-NAME as well as with the prostanoid synthesis inhibitor, 1-[p-chlorobenzoyl]-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid (indomethacin, 10 microM), did not affect the reductions in contractile responses to noradrenaline caused by either cromakalim or diazoxide. It is concluded that the relaxant effects of cromakalim and diazoxide in the rat mesenteric bed are endothelium-mediated and L-NAME-sensitive and could at least partially involve the participation of nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Feleder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adler-Graschinsky
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019806:Cromakalim; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D001578:Benzopyrans; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011758:Pyrroles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019806:Cromakalim; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D003981:Diazoxide; D005905:Glyburide; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009638:Norepinephrine