title: Radiation-induced red cell damage: role of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cellular blood components are irradiated to prevent graft-versus-host disease in transfusion recipients at risk for this syndrome. Because gamma radiation can result in the production of reactive oxygen species, the role of reactive oxygen species was investigated in radiation-induced red cell damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood from normal donors was exposed to various doses of t-butyl hydroperoxide (0-1 mM) and/or to gamma-radiation (0-50 Gy). Oxidative damage was assessed by the extent of lipid peroxidation (measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS]) and hemoglobin oxidation. Fresh blood was divided into three parts-one initially irradiated and stored, another stored with portions irradiated weekly, and a third stored without irradiation. TBARS and hemoglobin oxidation were measured weekly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, t-butyl hydroperoxide induced TBARS formation and hemoglobin oxidation in a dose-dependent fashion. The gamma-radiation not only increased hemoglobin oxidation and TBARS formation, but also enhanced the t-butyl hydroperoxide effect on red cells. Red cell storage increased TBARS generation and hemoglobin oxidation in a time-dependent fashion. When radiation was administered either initially or after weekly storage, TBARS production and hemoglobin oxidation were increased over that measured in unirradiated paired controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gamma radiation at clinically used doses increases lipid peroxidation and hemoglobin oxidation in human red cells. The effect of gamma-radiation is accentuated by blood storage and induces damage independent of time of storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Dzik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sadrzadeh
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000494:pharmacology; D004905:Erythrocyte Aging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000097:blood; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene