title: A long-term follow-up of stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two hundred ninety-one residents of southeast London, younger than 75 years, suffered their first stroke in 1989/1990. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term outcome of this cohort of stroke patients in terms of impairment, disability, handicap, and quality of life and their use of services and prevention measures subsequent to their stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survivors and their identified caregivers were traced and completed a structured interview questionnaire that included the Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Mini-Mental State Examination, Frenchay Activities Index, and Caregiver Strain Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-three people (42%) were alive, of whom 106 were interviewed. The mean interval between the stroke and the long-term follow-up was 4.9 years. Thirty-one of the survivors (29%) were severely or moderately disabled, 39 (37%) were mildly disabled, and 36 (34%) were functionally independent. Of the 96 people who completed the HAD, 35 (36%) had scores suggesting that they were depressed or had borderline depression. The most likely nontherapy services to have been provided were chiropody and district nursing. Five people had received respite care. Of the 104 subjects for whom information about their home was available, 53 (51%) had had an adaptation. Seventy-five people (71%) had an aid or appliance. Sixty-five people (61%) were on aspirin, and an additional 14 (13%) were on warfarin. Fifty subjects (47%) identified a main caregiver. No one with a moderate or more severe disability was living at home without an identified caregiver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The levels of both health and social service provision are likely to be inadequate for this population. The use of prevention measures is encouraging. There is a clear need for a coordinated policy to guide assessment and management across sectors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, United Medical and Dental School, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Warburton
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ross-Russell
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Beech
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006701:Home Nursing; D006767:Hospitals, District / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011032:Podiatry; D015995:Prevalence; D011637:Public Health Nursing; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013070:Speech Therapy