title: Cytokine messenger RNA expression by donor-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones after allogeneic heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After heart transplantation, expression of various cytokines can be detected in endomyocardial biopsy specimens both in the presence and in the absence of rejection. In this study we have analyzed the contribution of donor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to intragraft cytokine expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  T cells were propagated from endomyocardial biopsy specimens in medium containing interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. From the T-cell lines obtained, T-cell clones were generated by limiting dilution. A number of 15 CD8+ donor-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones were generated from a single T-cell line and were analyzed for their cytokine messenger RNA expression. The cytokine profile of the clones was studied on the mRNA level by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost all clones expressed mRNA for interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10, and 75% of the clones expressed mRNA for interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-9, and tumor necrosis factor-beta. In about half of the clones expression of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interferon-gamma was detected. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was only detected in one of the clones. The cytokine profiles exhibited a considerable heterogeneity. The 15 clones had previously been analyzed for their T-cell receptor V beta-gene family expression and T-cell receptor V-D-J region sequence. Homology in the V-D-J regions of the clones indicated that the 15 clones were derived from a limited number of progenitor cells. Interestingly, clones derived from one progenitor expressed a different mRNA cytokine profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that donor-specific cytotoxic T cells can contribute to the spectrum of locally produced cytokines. The cytokine expression of these cytotoxic T cells seems not to be limited to a distinct profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoffen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gmelig-Meyling
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bosboom-Kalsbeek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Jonge
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tilanus
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lahpor
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: De Weger
mesh_terms: D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004699:Endocardium / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D000939:Epitopes; D012333:RNA, Messenger