Individual variability in lipoprotein cholesterol response to National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets.
The effects of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diets on plasma lipoprotein profiles in 72 men [mean (+/- SD) age: 44 +/- 15 y, range: 19-81 y] and 48 women (mean age: 50 +/- 21 y, range: 21-78 y) participating in five previously published studies were examined. Subjects were placed on a baseline diet similar to an average American diet (35-41% total fat, 13-16% saturated fat, 31-45 mg cholesterol/MJ) and then on an NCEP Step 2 diet (18-29% total fat, 4-7% saturated fat, 11-20 mg cholesterol/MJ) under isoenergetic conditions. All food and drink were provided. Compared with the baseline diet, consumption of the NCEP Step 2 diets was associated with significant decreases in concentrations of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-18.9% and -15.6%, respectively) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-17.0% and -11.2%, respectively) in both men and women. Men with the apolipoprotein (apo) E 3,4 phenotype had a significantly greater decrease in LDL cholesterol (-24.2%) with the NCEP Step 2 diets than men with the apo E 3,3 phenotype (-17.7%). Men with the apo A-IV 1,2 phenotype tended to have less LDL cholesterol lowering (-12.8%) than men with the apo A-IV 1,1 phenotype (-19.6%), but this difference was not significant. No differences were seen by apo E and A-IV phenotype in women. A large variability in lipid response to the diet was observed, with changes in LDL cholesterol ranging from +3% to -55% in men and and from +13% to -39% in women. Forty-eight percent of the variability in LDL-cholesterol response (in mmol/L) to the diet could be accounted for by baseline LDL concentrations and age in men, and 13% by age in women.
Schaefer
E J
EJ
Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. SCHAEFER-LI@HNRC.TUFTS.EDU
Lamon-Fava
S
S
Ausman
L M
LM
Ordovas
J M
JM
Clevidence
B A
BA
Judd
J T
JT
Goldin
B R
BR
Woods
M
M
Gorbach
S
S
Lichtenstein
A H
AH
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides