title: Transradial artery coronary angiography and intervention in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, cardiac catheterization in patients with severe aorto-iliac disease has been performed using a brachial arteriotomy. This approach is associated with significant vascular and neuronal complications and requires considerable training to achieve an adequate level of expertise. Improvement and miniaturization of catheter equipment now allows the radial artery to be used for coronary investigation and intervention. The lack of important structures close to the radial artery, a good collateral ulnar artery circulation and its superficial position suggests that these procedures should have a low complication rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transradial diagnostic and interventional coronary catheterization in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a non-randomized prospective analysis of 75 patients who had transradial artery diagnostic and interventional coronary catheterization in whom femoral angiography was impossible or relatively contraindicated (22 patients with severe claudication and absent femoral pulses, 24 patients with previous aorto-iliac surgery or intervention, 20 patients with a failed femoral approach, 9 patients with an aortic aneurysm). Three patients had an absent ulnar artery and were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radial artery cannulation was successful in 73/75 (97%) cases. Seventy-one (95%) patients had a successful diagnostic study. There was a high incidence of 3 vessel disease (73%), and the majority of patients (64%) were referred for coronary bypass surgery. Twelve patients underwent successful follow-on intervention including the insertion of 9 intracoronary stents. Adequate haemostasis was achieved within 20 min after diagnostic angiography and 60 min after interventional procedures. One patient had a forearm haematoma with paraesthesia of the hand which settled with conservative treatment. At 4-6 weeks, all patients had normal hand sensation and function (100%) with a palpable pulse present in 59/62 (96%). All patients undergoing diagnostic angiography were discharged on the same day, and patients undergoing intervention were discharged the following day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transradial coronary investigation and intervention can be performed with a high degree of success and a low complication rate with early mobilization and discharge in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease. We suggest that the percutaneous transradial technique should be considered as an alternative to the Sones' technique in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Belder
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017534:Radial Artery; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015607:Stents