title: Mobilization of peripheral-blood progenitor cells with high-dose etoposide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the safety and effectiveness of high-dose etoposide (2 g/m2) followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization regimen and assessed extent of tumor reduction in patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin's disease (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-nine consecutive patients who eventually underwent PBPC transplantation received treatment with high-dose etoposide (2 g/m2) followed by daily G-CSF (5 microg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This mobilization method was effective in nearly all patients. No patients died of mobilization-related complications. A 50% reduction in tumor size was seen in 19% of assessable patients with breast cancer, 44% of those with NHL, and 38% of those with HD. Hematopoietic recovery (HR) following transplantation occurred in all patients. Patients with > or = 4 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg engrafted with neutrophils at a median of 9 days after transplant and patients with at least 1.2 x 10(6) CD34+/CD33- cells/kg achieved platelet recovery at a median of 15 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etoposide plus G-CSF is an effective and safe method for mobilization of PBPCs. Etoposide is an effective agent in tumor reduction in NHL and HD and is less effective in breast cancer. The substantially lower incidence of prior exposure to this agent compared with cyclophosphamide favors its use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA. ECopelan@intmed.med.ohio-state.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Copelan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ceselski
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ezzone
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lasky
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Penza
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Bechtel
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hehmeyer
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Risley
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Avalos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005047:Etoposide