title: Strategies for ovulation induction and oocyte retrieval in the lowland gorilla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ovulation induction and oocyte retrieval were performed in a lowland gorilla in an attempt to propagate and potentially cryopreserve embryos from an infertile animal and to advance techniques to help preserve this endangered species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following 34 days of leuprolide acetate suppression, human menopausal gonadotropins were administered for 14-days in a 32-year-old wild-born lowland gorilla. Ten oocytes were retrieved by transrectal ultrasound-guided aspiration. Other approaches to oocyte recovery were not feasible in this case. A serum estradiol concentration of 4700 pg/ml at the time of human chorionic gonadotropin administration did not induce ovarian hyperstimulation. Mature oocytes were recovered from follicles measuring 14 to 24 mm in diameter, with a corresponding average serum estradiol concentration of approximately 300 pg/ml for each mature follicle. Cryopreservation of a gorilla embryo was effected from cryopreserved gorilla spermatozoa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parameters for monitoring ovulation induction in the gorilla appear to be similar to those for humans. The results indicate that the use of a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist and higher doses of gonadotropins than previously used in gorillas appear to improve oocyte recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hatasaka
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Chenette
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wentz
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chatterton
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jeyendran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009865:Oocytes; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D013480:Superovulation / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D008596:Menotropins; D016729:Leuprolide