title: Retrospective study of reasons for improved survival in patients with breast cancer in east Anglia: earlier diagnosis or better treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the recent fall in mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales, and to determine the relative contributions of improvements in treatment and earlier detection of tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of all women with breast cancer registered by the East Anglian cancer registry and diagnosed between 1982 and 1989.
  
  
  METHODS
  3965 patients diagnosed 1982-5 compared with 4665 patients diagnosed 1986-9, in three age groups 0-49, 50-64, > or = 65 years, with information on stage at diagnosis and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three year relative survival rates by time period, age group, and stage; relative hazard ratios for each time period and age group derived from Cox's proportional hazards model, adjusted for single year of age and stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival improved in the later time period, although there was little stage specific improvement. The proportion of early stage tumours increased especially in the 50-64 year age group, and adjustment for stage accounted for over half of the improvement in survival in women aged under 65 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over half of the drop in mortality in women aged under 65 years seems to be attributable to earlier detection of tumours, which has been observed since the mid-1980s. This could have resulted from an increase in breast awareness predating the start of the breast screening programme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stockton
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology