title: Smoking cessation in hospitalized patients. Results of a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few research studies have evaluated the effectiveness of smoking interventions in hospitalized patients. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of 2 smoking cessation programs in patients hospitalized in 4 community hospitals in a large health maintenance organization within the San Francisco Bay Area in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to usual care (n = 990), nurse-mediated, behaviorally oriented inpatient counseling focused on relapse prevention with 1 postdischarge telephone contact (minimal intervention, n = 473), or the same inpatient counseling with 4 postdischarge telephone contacts (intensive intervention, n = 561). The main outcome measure, smoking cessation rate, was corroborated by plasma cotinine determination or family confirmation, 1 year after enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 year smoking cessation rates were 27%, 22%, and 20% for intensive intervention, minimal intervention, and usual care groups, respectively (P = .009 for intensive vs usual care). Subgroup analyses by diagnosis revealed that the odds of cessation among patients with cardiovascular disease or other internal medical conditions were greater among those receiving the intensive intervention than among their counterparts receiving usual care (odds ratios, 1.6 and 2.0, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multicomponent smoking cessation program consisting of physician advice; in-hospital, nurse-mediated counseling; and multiple postdischarge telephone contacts was effective in increasing smoking cessation rates among hospitalized smokers. Hospital-wide smoking cessation programs could substantially increase the effectiveness of hospital smoking bans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: DeBusk
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome