title: Phenylbutazone pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: Phenylbutazone was administered intravenously and intramuscularly at a dosage rate of 4.4 mg/kg to a group of 6 female camels in a two-period crossover study. After intravenous (i.v.) administration, disposition was characterised by a two-compartment open model, with a low volume of distribution (0.174 l.kg-1), and distribution and elimination half-lives of 0.43 and 12.51 h, respectively. After intramuscular (i.m.) dosing absorption was relatively rapid with absorption half-time and time of maximal concentration values of 1.14 and 3.95 h, respectively. Plateau concentrations of phenylbutazone in plasma were obtained between 2 and 12 h and mean bioavailability was 97%, although this was subject to wide inter-animal differences. Plasma concentrations of the phenylbutazone metabolite, oxyphenbutazone, were low after iv dosing and generally undetectable after im administration, indicating that it is unlikely to contribute significantly to the pharmacological effects produced by phenylbutazone administration. An indication was obtained that phenylbutazone inhibited the ex vivo synthesis of serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) for 24h after i.v. dosing, but this finding requires confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: al Hadrami
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Landoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000662:veterinary; D002162:Camelus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D010113:Oxyphenbutazone / Q000097:blood; D010653:Phenylbutazone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D010653:Phenylbutazone; D010113:Oxyphenbutazone