title: Experience with gastrojejunal feeding tubes in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of untoward symptomatic outcomes and major/minor complications occurring in children with percutaneous gastrojejunal tubes (GJT) in place.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 28 patients with GJTs was performed. The diagnoses for these patients were: neurological diseases, 23; respiratory diseases, two; and gastrointestinal tract disorders, three. Twenty-three tubes were placed radiologically, four endoscopically, and one surgically. Patients' age range was between 1.5 and 180 months (mean 47.2 months), and weight at the time of tube insertion was between 2.28 and 42.7 kg. (mean 11.7 kg.). Duration of follow-up was from 1 to 49 months (mean 17.3 months). The patients were evaluated for the persistence or new development of the following symptoms: vomiting, hematemesis, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, pain at the site of gastrostomy tube insertion, stridor with feeds, and dumping. Minor complications (including breakage, partial/total displacement, or dislodgement of GJT, tube occlusion, tube leakage, transient infection and/or granuloma at the gastrostomy site, and continued gastroesophageal reflux post-GJT conversion), as well as major complications (requiring surgical intervention) and mortality, were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more symptoms either persisted or developed de novo in 20 children after tube insertion. Vomiting was the most common symptom, being present in 16 patients. One or more minor complication occurred in 21 patients; the most common was the accidental dislodgement of the jejunal feeding catheter. Major complications occurred in 11 patients (e.g., fundoplication in seven patients). Five patients died. Six patients had no complications; at the time of GJT placement, their mean age (93.3 months) was significantly older (p = 0.0269) and mean weight (21.3 kg.) significantly heavier (p = 0.0067) than those of children reporting major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ongoing or new gastrointestinal symptoms and minor complications are common in children with GJT. However, GJT placement in larger children is associated with fewer complications than in smaller children.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tolia
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004377:Dumping Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology; D006396:Hematemesis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology