title: Engineering pathways for malate degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Deacidification of grape musts is crucial for the production of well-balanced wines, especially in colder regions of the world. The major acids in wine are tartaric and malic acid. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot degrade malic acid efficiently due to the lack of a malate transporter and the low substrate affinity of its malic enzyme. We have introduced efficient pathways for malate degradation in S. cerevisiae by cloning and expressing the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate permease (mae1) gene with either the S. pombe malic enzyme (mae2) or Lactococcus lactis malolactic (mleS) gene in this yeast. Under aerobic conditions, the recombinant strain expressing the mae1 and mae2 genes efficiently degraded 8 g/L of malate in a glycerol-ethanol medium within 7 days. The recombinant malolactic strain of S. cerevisiae (mae1 and mleS genes) fermented 4.5 g/L of malate in a synthetic grape must within 4 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Volschenk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viljoen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grobler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Subden
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonvaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denayrolles
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van Vuuren
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006868:Hydrolysis; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008293:Malates; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C098940:malate permease protein, Bacteria; C030298:malic acid; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; C034544:D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)