title: Continuous brachial plexus infusion of butorphanol-mepivacaine mixtures for analgesia after upper extremity surgery.
abstract: We have recently reported that continuous administration of butorphanol into the brachial plexus neurovascular sheath provided superior analgesia compared with that obtained with continuous i.v. administration. Furthermore, we found that analgesia was most pronounced when a mixture of mepivacaine and butorphanol was given and that butorphanol alone ranked next. In this study, we increased the dose of butorphanol, compared with that used in our previous reports, and an initial bolus dose of butorphanol was administered into the brachial plexus neurovascular sheath just after surgery had ended. Thereafter, postoperative pain relief was estimated. In patients undergoing upper extremity surgery with continuous axillary brachial plexus block, group A received a bolus of 1 ml of physiological saline with 1.5% mepivacaine, 10 ml into the brachial plexus sheath followed by a continuous brachial plexus infusion of 0.5% mepivacaine with butorphanol 6 mg at a rate of 144 ml/ 72 h. Group B was given a bolus of butorphanol 1 mg (1 ml) with 1.5% mepivacaine, 10 ml into the brachial plexus sheath and a continuous brachial plexus infusion of 0.5% mepivacaine with butorphanol 6 mg at a rate of 144 ml/72 h. After operation, VAS scores did not differ between the two groups. The time to first use of supplementary analgesia did not differ significantly between the two groups and there were no significant differences in the number of patients who required supplementary analgesia. These results indicate that continuous butorphanol 2 mg day-1 with 0.5% mepivacaine provided sufficient postoperative analgesia after upper limb surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shitara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadotani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery*; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008619:Mepivacaine; D002077:Butorphanol