title: A study of iron acquisition mechanisms of Legionella pneumophila grown in chemostat culture.
abstract: We recently demonstrated that the virulence of a clinical isolate of Legionella pneumophila is significantly attenuated when cultured in an iron-limited environment. In this study the influence of iron limitation on the expression of enzyme activities and iron-transport mechanisms was investigated. Expression of the important pathogenicity factor, the zinc metalloprotease, was reduced fivefold in response to iron limitation. Ferric citrate reductase activity was demonstrated in both iron-limited and replete cell fractions. Activity was located principally in the cytoplasm and periplasm, and was not enhanced by iron restriction. Optimum activity was observed with NADPH as reductant. Siderophores were not elaborated under these culture conditions. Iron-loaded transferrin enhanced the growth of steady-state, iron-limited cultures, demonstrating that transferrin represents a potentially important iron source for L. pneumophila in vivo. Although cell surface transferrin receptors were not detected, in vitro experiments demonstrated digestion of transferrin by the zinc metalloprotease activity of culture supernatants.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Mauchline
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Keevil
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001692:Biological Transport; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D038181:FMN Reductase; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000032:analysis; D017262:Siderophores / Q000378:metabolism; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D017262:Siderophores; D014168:Transferrin; D009249:NADP; D007501:Iron; D038181:FMN Reductase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C023903:ferric citrate iron reductase; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C043859:pseudolysin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa