title: [Risk behaviors for HIV transmission among the recent clients of a syringe-exchange program in Madrid, 1993].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of the major risk behavior in HIV transmission (syringe sharing and failure to use condoms) and associated factors among drug injectors recruited for a syringe exchange program (PIJ) in the city of Madrid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-section study. All the information was obtained in 1993 through structured interviews with 441 users who had injected drugs during the previous month and had resorted to the PIJ five times, at most. The reference period for drug use and risk behaviour was the month prior to the interview. The statistical analysis included bivariate methods and logistical regression techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  29.2% shared syringes (18% passing and 21.7% taking used syringes) and of those that had sexual intercourse (49.4%), 42.5% always used a condom. 89.5% had an HIV antibody test and of those that knew the results, 48.6% were HIV-positive. Multivariate analysis showed that the association between certain behaviour patterns was significant; i.e., taking used syringes and: passing used syringes (odds ratio -OR- = 6.1; 95% confidence interval -CI- = 3.0-12.5), being HIV-positive (OR = 4.1; CI = 1.8-9.1), being unaware of HIV antibody test status (OR = 4.2; CI = 1.7-10.2) and having used intravenous drugs for 5-9 years (OR = 2.9; CI = 1.1-7.9); the association was significant between passing used syringes and: using a mixture of heroin and cocaine (OR = 2.7; CI = 1.1-6.4) and being unaware of HIV antibody test status (OR = 2.5; CI = 1.1-6.0). In the sample as a whole, the association between not using condoms ever and consuming cocaine (OR = 1.7; CI = 1.1-2.9) or crack (OR = 3.0; CI = 1.5-5.9) was significant; furthermore, among those that had sexual intercourse, the association was significant between not using condoms ever and: having been in jail (OR = 2.9; CI = 1.3-6.4), injecting drugs 2-4 times a day (OR = 2.4; CI = 1.0-5.8), having sexual intercourse with drug injectors (OR = 2.6; CI = 1.2-5.9) and having intercourse with two or more partners (OR = 0.4; CI = 0.2-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV infection and risk behavior in the transmission of this virus remain high among drug injectors in Madrid. The habit of sharing syringes is still common, especially among HIV-positive drug injectors (a high percentage take used syringe) and among those who are unaware of their HIV antibody test status. The use of condoms is less frequent among those who have sexual intercourse with other drug injectors or with only one partner.
authors.affiliation: Médicos del Mundo, Madrid.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bravo Portela
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barrio Anta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de la Fuente de Hoz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colomo Gómez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Royuela Morales
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Estébanez Estébanez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
vernacular_title: Conductas de riesgo para transmisión del VIH entre los usuarios recientes de un programa de intercambio de jeringas en Madrid, 1993.