title: Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: a 20-year experience.
abstract: To determine the clinical, biochemical, and histological features, and outcome of childhood autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), we reviewed the medical records of 52 children with AIH, 32 (median age: 10 [2-15] years) anti-nuclear and/or smooth muscle antibody (ANA/SMA) positive, 20 (7 [0.8-14] years) liver/kidney microsomal antibody (LKM-1) positive, with median follow-up of 5 years (range 0.3-19). At presentation: 56% had symptoms of prolonged acute hepatitis; LKM-1 positive were younger (P = .011), with higher bilirubin (P = .007), and AST (P = .047); ANA/SMA positive had lower albumin (P = .023); 69% ANA/SMA positive, and 38% LKM-1 positive were cirrhotic (P = .080). ANA/SMA positive had increased frequency of HLA haplotype A1/B8/DR3/DR52a compared with controls (53% vs. 14%, P < .001). Of six (5 LKM-1 positive) with fulminant hepatitis, four were transplanted, one died, and one ANA/SMA positive improved with immunosuppression. Of 47 treated with immunosuppression, 2 (1 LKM-1 positive) died with no remission and 4 (2 LKM-1 positive) were transplanted 8 to 14 years after diagnosis. Immunosuppression was stopped successfully in 19% of ANA/SMA positive after a median of 3 years of treatment, but in none of LKM-1 positive. Baseline bilirubin and international normalized prothrombin ratio (INR) were independent variables predictive of outcome. In conclusion, ANA/SMA positive and LKM-1 positive AIH in childhood have clinical, biochemical, and histological differences, but similar severity and long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Gregorio
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Portmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mowat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mieli-Vergani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome