title: syk kinase activation by a src kinase-initiated activation loop phosphorylation chain reaction.
abstract: Activation of the syk tyrosine kinase occurs almost immediately following engagement of many types of antigen receptors, including Fc receptors, but the mechanism through which syk is activated is currently unclear. Here we demonstrate that Fc receptor-induced syk activation occurs as the result of phosphorylation of the syk activation loop by both src family kinases and other molecules of activated syk, suggesting that syk activation occurs as the result of a src kinase-initiated activation loop phosphorylation chain reaction. This type of activation mechanism predicts that syk activation would exhibit exponential kinetics, providing a potential explanation for its rapid and robust activation by even weak antigen receptor stimuli. We propose that a similar mechanism may be responsible for generating rapid activation of other cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, such as those of the Bruton tyrosine kinase/tec family, as well.
authors.affiliation: Kansai Medical School, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Hillal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kinet
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Scharenberg
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D014162:Transfection; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000235:genetics; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D014443:Tyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000072377:Syk Kinase; C000606897:Syk protein, mouse; D019061:src-Family Kinases