title: The synergy of memory, affects and metaphor.
abstract: Recently, the concept of metaphor has been revitalized as a result of the convergence of interest in this subject from a variety of disciplines including neurobiology, linguistics and cognitive science. Metaphor is now viewed as an emergent property of mind. Metaphor is rooted in the body in two senses: metaphor is used to organize bodily sensation cognitively, especially affects, and secondly, metaphor is rooted in the body as it rests on the border between mind and brain. Metaphor is therefore viewed as a developmentally early, primitive mental function related to synesthesia. There is a significant distinction between frozen or foreclosed metaphors and open and generative metaphors. The foreclosed metaphor will dominate the perception of others in cases of trauma and can be understood as an explanation of transference repetition. Clinical examples of foreclosed metaphors are illustrated by vignettes of patients who have suffered traumas. Examples taken from two artists are used to illustrate instances in which the artist's own unassimilated experiences appear as generative metaphors.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Modell
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D005619:Freudian Theory; D006801:Humans; D007602:Jungian Theory; D008568:Memory; D019365:Metaphor; D011572:Psychoanalysis; D013561:Symbolism