title: Increased energy and nutrient intake during training and competition improves elite triathletes' endurance performance.
abstract: Dietary habits were evaluated in 6 elite triathletes (4 male, 2 female). Analysis of 7-day diet records showed mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake to be insufficient to support estimated requirements. Mean intakes of vitamins and most minerals exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) except zinc chromium, which did not meet 66% of recommended amounts. Individualized nutrition intervention using the Diabetic Food Exchange System to support performance during training and competition was provided. To improve dietary intake, subjects consumed fortified nutrition supplements (Reliv, Inc.) before and after daily training. Follow-up 7-day diet records showed that average energy intake and percentage of energy from carbohydrate increased, as did intakes of zinc and chromium. Triathletes' performance in a short course triathlon was improved compared to a similar competition completed prior to the nutrition intervention. Following the intervention, triathletes were able to meet recommended daily energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes and improve endurance performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletics, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45211, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frentsos
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Baer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D002857:Chromium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D002857:Chromium; D015032:Zinc