title: Nitric oxide synthase is expressed in human macrophages during foreign body inflammation.
abstract: Although nitric oxide (NO) is a well documented effector molecule in rodent macrophages, its significance in human mononuclear phagocytic cells has been controversial. The foreign body inflammatory reaction around loosened joint replacement implants leads to formation of an osteolytic granulomatous pseudo-synovial membrane rich in activated macrophages. We studied 13 specimens of interface membrane tissue collected from revision surgery of aseptically loosened hip and knee prostheses for the presence of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The presence of iNOS was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 10 of these specimens. Within the tissue this enzyme was confined to macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. iNOS activity was demonstrated biochemically by measuring the calcium-independent generation of citrulline from L-arginine, and the presence of iNOS mRNA was demonstrated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. NO synthesis in the interface tissue may be an important factor in the maintenance of the inflammatory and osteolytic processes.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadoya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: al-Saffar
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Revell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moncada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012086:Reoperation; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D012313:RNA; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase