title: Effect of bran, ispaghula, and inert plastic particles on gastric emptying and small bowel transit in humans: the role of physical factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coarse bran is known to accelerate transit through the whole gut and to increase stool weight. This effect is much reduced by grinding the bran, suggesting that particle size influences gut motor patterns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of 15 g coarse bran with 15 g inert plastic particles and 7 g of ispaghula on the gastric emptying and small bowel transit of a rice pudding test meal.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transit of 99mTc labelled rice studied by gamma-scintigraphy measuring gastric emptying and colonic arrival over 10 hours. Small bowel transit was estimated from the difference between time to 50% gastric emptying and 50% colonic arrival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bran delayed gastric emptying by 22 (SEM 8) minutes compared with control values of 88 (SEM 6) minutes p < 0.05. Ispaghula and plastic particles had no significant effect. Small bowel transit was accelerated compared with control values of 322 (SEM 29) minutes, decreasing by 95 (29) minutes and 62 (22) minutes after bran and plastic particles respectively. Ispaghula again showed no significant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coarse bran delays gastric emptying and accelerates small bowel transit. The marked acceleration of small bowel transit also seen with inert plastic particles may be due to increased upper gut secretions after stimulation of enteric nerves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Spiller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013667:Technetium; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010936:Plant Extracts; C016674:Plastipore; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011126:Polypropylenes; D019343:Citric Acid; D013667:Technetium; C018299:citric acid, ispaghula husk, sodium bicarbonate drug combination; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate