title: Renal cell carcinomas produce IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, and TGF-beta 1 in primary cultures and modulate T lymphocyte blast transformation.
abstract: We investigated the immunomodulatory capacity of primary cultures of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) by assessing production of cytokines and modulation of mitogen-induced T lymphocyte blast transformation. The results clearly show that immunomodulatory capacity is a common feature of RCC and that in vitro these tumors can produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) up to 20 ng/ml, IL-6 up to 35 micrograms/ml (> 250 kU/ml in the B9 system), IL-11 up to 15 micrograms/ml, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) up to 22 ng/ml. Furthermore, these tumors have the capacity to modulate T cell blast transformation over two orders of magnitude in each direction. The correlations of the immunologic properties of tumor cell cultures with the conventional classification of tumors (histology, cytology, staging, grading, presence of metastases, and secondary tumors) are analyzed. The significance of these findings for modulation of local immunity by RCC as well as for patient outcome is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knoefel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nuske
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosmehl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rebstock
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Junker
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003208:Concanavalin A; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008934:Mitogens; D012016:Reference Values; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D008934:Mitogens; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10