title: Results of the Mitrofanoff procedure in urinary tract reconstruction in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the success and long-term complications associated with the use of continent catheterizable conduits based on the Mitrofanoff principle in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 43 patients (21 female and 22 male) who underwent the construction of a continent catheterizable stoma based on the Mitrofanoff principle between 1987 and 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age at surgery was 10 years (range 3-21) and the mean follow-up was 3 years (range 0.5-6.5). Twenty-eight of the 43 children underwent augmentation cystoplasty in conjunction with the Mitrofanoff procedure, using ileum in 17, sigmoid in seven, caecum in two and stomach in one; detrusormyectomy was performed in one child. Fifteen patients had only a continent catheterizable stoma formed. The most common type of conduit was appendicovesicostomy (36 of 43 children): other conduits were constructed with ureter (four), tapered ileum (two) and fallopian tube (one).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stomal continence was achieved in 42 of 43 patients (98%). The most common late complication was difficulty in catheterization, which occurred in 14 patients (32%). Stomal prolapse requiring revision occurred in one patient (2%). Conduit dilatation was initially attempted in all patients with difficult catheterization, although it failed in 11 who then required surgical revision. Therefore, the overall revision rate was 28% (12 of 43). The site of stomal placement (umbilical or abdominal) did not significantly influence the risk of difficulty with catheterization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mitrofanoff procedure can simplify catheterization in children who are dependent upon intermittent catheterization. The vermiform appendix appears to be the best source for constructing the conduit. While stomal continence is excellent, conduit stenosis remains a frequent complication regardless of stomal location.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Süzer
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vates
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000601:surgery; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*