title: Endoscopic pituitary surgery: an early experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As an element of a minimally invasive management approach, we had developed an endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal technique for the treatment of pituitary tumors. Initially, four patients were operated on via a sublabial, transseptal approach using a fiberoptic rigid endoscope in conjunction with the operating microscope. Encouraged by that experience, our subsequent 11 patients had undergone endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery without the use of a retractor or speculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our group of patients included nine females and six males, with an age range of 17-88 years (median: 43 years). There were four microadenomas, four intrasellar macroadenomas, three macroadenomas with suprasellar extension, three invasive macroadenomas involving the cavernous sinus with suprasellar extension, and one metastatic adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients with pituitary adenomas experienced resolution of their symptoms postoperatively. One patient with a recurrent prolactinoma responded partially following surgery and subsequently underwent gamma knife radiosurgery. Two patients were treated with postoperative fractionated radiation therapy, one for residual pituitary adenoma in the cavernous sinus, and the other for metastatic adenocarcinoma, respectively. The first patient, treated via an endonasal endoscopic approach for biopsy of the metastatic adenocarcinoma, developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that was successfully managed with endoscopic packing of a fat graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approach facilitates faster postoperative recovery by the avoidance of traditional incision and postoperative nasal packing. It offers a panoramic view of the sphenoid sinus and excellent visualization of the sellar and suprasellar structures with increased illumination and magnification. Such visualization provides the potential for more complete tumor resection, as well as a better chance of preserving pituitary function and avoiding neurovascular injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Jho
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Daly
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000601:surgery; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones