title: The effectiveness of incentive spirometry with physical therapy for high-risk patients after coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of incentive spirometry (IS) to postoperative pulmonary physical therapy is more effective than physical therapy alone in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients were given the spirometer and instructed in its use, as often occurs in clinical settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chronic airflow limitation following CABG (N = 185) participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either postoperative pulmonary physical therapy (breathing exercises, secretion removal, mobility) or physical therapy combined with IS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found between the two groups in atelectasis, spirometry, oxygen saturation, pulmonary infection, or hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incentive spirometry combined with physical therapy is no more effective than postoperative physical therapy alone in reducing atelectasis for this population. Use of the spirometer, however, was not monitored, and although the study mimicked practice as it often occurs, the effectiveness of the spirometer cannot be fully evaluated.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. crowe@fhs.mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000628:therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000628:therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome