title: Pulmonary infections mimicking cancer: a retrospective, three-year review.
abstract: Pulmonary infections can mimic or occasionally co-exist with pulmonary neoplasms. In order to determine the frequency and nature of these infections, we conducted a retrospective analysis, covering a 3-year period, of patients who were referred to our center with presumed lung cancer but turned out to have pulmonary infection instead. The overwhelming majority of patients (93.3%) referred to "rule out" lung cancer were documented as having a neoplastic process, and only 1.3% had an infection. Fungal infections (histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidiomycosis) accounted for 46%, mycobacteria for 27%, bacteria for 22%, and parasitic lesions (dirofilariasis) for 5% of these infections. The most common clinical manifestations were cough and chest pain, and the most common radiographic finding was a solitary pulmonary nodule. There were no specific clinical or radiographic features predictive of either infection or neoplastic disease. All patients responded to specific anti-infective therapy with or without surgical excision. Our data indicate that pulmonary infections mimic neoplasms very infrequently. However, establishing a specific diagnosis is critical, since the management and outcome of these two processes are entirely different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Specialties, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rolston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dholakia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whimbey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*