title: Impact of the 1991 NHS reforms on the availability and use of coronary revascularisation in the UK (1987-1995)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes in the availability, utilisation, and waiting times for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) between 1987/88 and 1994/95 and to review commissioning of these services.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of cross sectional surveys and interviews with purchasers and providers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four health regions in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  All residents aged 25 years or more who underwent coronary revascularisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There has been little change in the availability of consultants in cardiology in specialist centres, while the number of non-consultant cardiologists has risen significantly. The availability of consultant surgeons more than doubled in some regions, while non-consultant surgical staff increased by 40-90%. The NHS rate of use of both CABG and PTCA has increased steadily since 1987/88. In 1994/95, only two districts had CABG rates of less than 300 per million population. The additional contribution of privately funded cases varied between 14-23% for CABG and 7-30% for PTCA. Regional rates varied 1.3-fold for CABG and threefold for PTCA in 1994/95, while district rates of CABG varied 3.6-fold and PTCA 18-fold. Revascularisation rates were higher in districts with least need in 1991/92 and this persisted over the following three years. The overall waiting time for CABG (214 days) was largely unchanged from 1992/93 (234 days). The overall waiting time for PTCA (138 days) was 25% shorter than in 1992/93 (185 days). Prioritisation of patients waiting over a year had not yet adversely affected the waiting time of more urgent patients. Commissioning has faced a complex web of interconnected problems which, in general, caused more problems for purchasers than providers initially but which appear to be of increasing concern to providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1991 NHS reforms had had no observable impact on the availability and use of coronary revascularisation by 1995. Continued monitoring is necessary to detect any delayed effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langham
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coshall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002309:Cardiology / Q000458:organization & administration; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008875:Middle Aged; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006113:United Kingdom