title: An enzyme similar to animal type II photolyases mediates photoreactivation in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The important issue of photoreactivation DNA repair in plants has become even more interesting in recent years because a family of genes that are highly homologous to photoreactivating DNA repair enzymes but that function as blue light photoreceptors has been isolated. Here, we report the isolation of a novel photolyase-like sequence from Arabidopsis designated PHR1 (for photoreactivating enzyme). It shares little sequence similarity with either type I photolyases or the cryptochrome family of blue light photoreceptors. Instead, the PHR1 gene encodes an amino acid sequence with significant homology to the recently characterized type II photolyases identified in a number of prokaryotic and animal systems. PHR1 is a single-copy gene and is not expressed in dark-grown etiolated seedlings: the message is light inducible, which is similar to the expression profile for photoreactivation activity in plants. The PHR1 protein complements a photolyase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli and thus confers photoreactivation activity. In addition, an Arabidopsis mutant that is entirely lacking in photolyase activity has been found to contain a lesion within this Arabidopsis type II photolyase sequence. We conclude that PHR1 represents a genuine plant photolyase gene and that the plant genes with homology to type I photolyases (the cryptochrome family of blue light photoreceptors) do not contribute to photoreactivation repair, at least in the case of Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6018, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jarillo
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Klimczak
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Last
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cashmore
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001051:Apoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004260:DNA Repair; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010777:Photochemistry
chemical_list: D001051:Apoenzymes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C091515:PHR1 protein, Candida albicans; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase