title: Expanding the horizons of SWL through adjunctive use of retrograde intrarenal surgery: new techniques and indications.
abstract: The recognition of high retreatment rates and lower success rates after SWL monotherapy in certain situations led us to explore a new endourologic strategy including retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Examples of situations in which RIRS + SWL is appropriate are coexistence of stones and coagulopathy, stones associated with intrarenal stenosis, concomitant renal and ureteral stones, renal anomalies, and failed SWL. Lithotripter-specific guidelines for the adjunctive use of RIRS may be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endourology, Stone Disease, and Laparoscopic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014567:Urography