title: Inactivation of hepatitis A virus in plasma products by vapor heating.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been associated with the use of a number of solvent/detergent-treated factor VIII concentrates and possibly a factor IX concentrate. These reports have emphasized the necessity of using virus-inactivation methods for plasma products that are capable of inactivating nonenveloped viruses such as HAV.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simple, highly accurate titration procedure for HAV, which allows extensive kinetic investigations of virus-inactivation procedures, has been developed. This system has now been used to evaluate the efficacy of vapor heating in inactivating HAV after the addition of the virus to a range of human plasma products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was demonstrated that HAV was significantly more thermostable than other picornaviruses, which reinforced the fact that such viruses cannot be used as model viruses for HAV-inactivation studies. A one-step vapor-heating procedure was demonstrated to inactivate between 5.9 and > 6.3 log10 of HAV in different products. A two-step vapor-heating procedure had the capacity to inactivate between > 8.7 and > 10.4 log10 of HAV. Both procedures were more effective in inactivating HAV than was the pasteurization procedure used for virus inactivation in human albumin solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the efficacy of vapor heating in inactivating high-titer HAV after the spiking of plasma products with virus. This study confirms and explains the results of controlled clinical trials and long-term clinical usage with respect to the lack of HAV transmission by such vapor-heated products.
authors.affiliation: Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eibl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dorner
mesh_terms: D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000097:blood* / Q000635:transmission; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000254:growth & development*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin