title: Functional vision is improved in the majority of patients treated with external-beam radiotherapy for choroid metastases: a multivariate analysis of 188 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastatic deposits are the most common intraocular malignancies. We evaluated the efficacy of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the palliation of posterior uveal metastases in terms of clinically relevant outcomes: functional vision, tumor control, and globe preservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred eighty-three consecutive patients (578 eyes) were diagnosed with intraocular metastatic disease from solid tumors between 1972 and 1995. Of these, 233 eyes (188 patients) had lesions of the posterior uveal tract and received EBRT. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) was documented pre- and post-EBRT. Visual function was considered excellent if VA < or = 20/50, navigational if 20/60 to 20/200, and legally blind if > or = 20/400. Most patients received 30 to 40 Gy in 2- to 3-Gy fractions to the posterior or entire globe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven percent of all assessable eyes had improved visual function or maintained at least navigational vision following EBRT. Thirty-six percent of legally blind eyes regained useful vision. Ninety-three percent experienced no clinical evidence of tumor progression and the globe preservation rate was 98%. The following characteristics independently predicted improvement to or maintenance of excellent vision on multivariate analysis: excellent vision pre-EBRT (P = .001), age less than 55 years (P = .004), white race (v black/Hispanic) (P = .003), and tumor base diameter less than 15 mm (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EBRT effectively restores and maintains useful vision in patients with choroid metastases, with a globe preservation rate of 98%. Patients less than 55 years with pretreatment VA better than 20/60 and tumor diameter less than 15 mm are most likely to benefit from this therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rudoler
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Corn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Potter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyslop
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000528:radiation effects*