title: A needle-type sensor for monitoring glucose in whole blood.
abstract: A new surface-process technology employing electrochemical fixation of a bioactive substance (enzyme and heparin) to a sensor electrode was developed to provide biocompatability and functionality. The fabrication process includes electroentrapment of glucose oxidase and heparin on a platinum electrode by using 1,3-phenylenediamine codeposition. Electrochemically grown 1,3-phenylenediamine was also used as the outer coating of the sensor's enzyme electrode in order to extend the linear range. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 3 nA/mM and a linear range from 40 to 400 mg/dL at 37 degrees C when tested in whole blood. This sensor is characterized by a fast response. The sensor shows a minimum change in its performance when stored inactive in buffer for 12 weeks. When tested at physiologic glucose levels, the sensor demonstrates satisfactory low interference from common interfering substances. This technology seems promising for the preparation of implantable intravascular biosensors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-1341, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atanasov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002021:Buffers; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004595:Electroplating; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000295:instrumentation; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009339:Needles; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002021:Buffers; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D010984:Platinum; D006493:Heparin; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; C008381:3-phenylenediamine