title: Time course of endothelin-1 and nitrate anion levels after cardiopulmonary bypass in congenital heart defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) may be involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH), but production of the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in congenital heart disease is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients (age, 4 months to 12 years) were divided into three groups: severe PH (mean pulmonary-to-systemic arterial pressure ratio > 0.5) and high pulmonary flow (n = 8), mild PH (mean pulmonary-to-systemic arterial pressure ratio < 0.35) and high pulmonary flow (n = 6), and no PH and low pulmonary flow (n = 6). The mean pulmonary-to-systemic arterial pressure ratio was calculated and blood samples were taken, and NO3-, an NO metabolite, was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of ET-1 in the group with severe PH and high pulmonary flow were higher than in the other groups until 6 hours after CPB, and NO3- was not changed significantly in the group with severe PH and high pulmonary flow and or the group with mild PH and high pulmonary flow during CPB. Endothelin-1 in the group with no PH and low pulmonary flow was higher than in the group with mild PH and high pulmonary flow after CPB, and NO3- in the group with no PH and low pulmonary flow significantly decreased after CPB. A positive correlation was obtained between mean pulmonary-to-systemic arterial pressure ratio and ET-1 (r = 0.742 before CPB; r = 0.689 after CPB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imbalance between increased ET-1 and constant NO after CPB in the group with severe PH and high pulmonary flow could contribute to dominant effects of ET-1, which may injure the lung. The increased ET-1 and the decreased NO after CPB in the group with no PH and low pulmonary flow may induce a mechanism of protective vasoconstriction against an acute increase in pulmonary flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Heart Institute of Japan, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yashima
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide