title: c-Rel is a target of pentoxifylline-mediated inhibition of T lymphocyte activation.
abstract: The possible clinical use of the methyl xanthine derivative, pentoxifylline (PF), for the treatment of T cell-dependent diseases is being noted with increasing interest. In this paper, we studied the molecular consequences of PF treatment during lymphocyte activation. We found that in T cells, anti-CD3-induced c-Rel expression was blocked by PF, whereas the induction of other NF-kappaB family members was not significantly affected. However, induction of NF-AT, which has the same signaling requirements as c-Rel induction, was not inhibited by PF. Among genes that respond to these transcription factors, IL-2 mRNA induction was suppressed by PF, whereas IL-2R(alpha) chain mRNA induction was not affected. These observations implicated c-Rel as an IL-2 promoter factor, for which experimental support was obtained from transient transfection experiments. In contrast with the observation in T cells, c-Rel induction was not blocked by PF in B cells. The greater selectivity of PF, compared with FK506, at both the molecular and cellular levels may prove advantageous in manipulating T cell responses in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D016559:Tacrolimus