title: Topical cooling-assisted hepatic segmentectomy for cirrhotic liver with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A safe limit for normothermic consecutive portal triad occlusion in hepatectomy for the cirrhotic liver was believed to be around 30 minutes. Possibly, the occlusion time can be prolonged by cooling the ischemic liver in vivo. We describe the technique of segmentectomy assisted by topical cooling and its usefulness in prolonging the hepatic inflow occlusion time for cirrhotic livers without causing further ischemic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatic disease who underwent right-sided segmentectomy under hemihepatic inflow occlusion were divided into two groups: normothermic (n = 27), and hypothermic with hemihepatic topical cooling using ice slush (n = 23). Segmentectomies were carried out in the same way in both groups, guided by initial enbloc ligation of the corresponding portal pedicles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean right hepatic inflow occlusion time was significantly longer in the hypothermic group than in the normothermic group (53 +/- 22 minutes compared with 17 +/- 9.3 minutes). Despite the significant difference in occlusion time, no differences were found in the recovery of hepatic functions and the incidence of postoperative complications between the groups. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the hypothermic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hepatic right-sided partial inflow occlusion time can safely be prolonged to 60 to 90 minutes in the presence of cirrhosis without causing another injury from ischemia and intermittent reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imakita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors