title: Relation between gastric cancer and previous peptic ulcer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is presently not well understood to what extent peptic ulcer and gastric cancer represent related diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess past occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia or other parts of the stomach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association between peptic ulcer and gastric cancer was studied among patients followed up at hospitals of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Two populations of 1069 subjects with cancer of the cardia and 3078 subjects with cancer of other parts of the stomach were compared with a control population of 89082 subjects without gastric cancer. In multivariate logistic regressions, presence or absence of cancer served as the outcome variable, while age, sex, race, previous histories of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, peptic ulcer site unspecified, gastric resection, or vagotomy served as modifier variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Old age, non-white ethnicity, and male sex proved strong and independent risk factors for non-cardiac gastric cancer. A previous history of gastric, but not duodenal ulcer was associated with a significantly raised odd ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 1.87). Cancer of the cardia affected predominantly whites, and was relatively more common in men than non-cardiac gastric cancer. Past gastric ulcers exerted no significant influence (1.02, 0.67 to 1.56), while duodenal ulcers and peptic ulcer site unspecified were protective (duodenal ulcer: 0.68, 0.47 to 0.95; peptic ulcer disease: 0.66, 0.47 to 1.00). Partial gastrectomy was a risk factor for non-cardiac gastric cancer (1.86, 1.32 to 2.63), but not for cancer of the cardia (1.09, 0.54 to 2.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These epidemiological patterns might stem from underlying differences in the influences of gastritis and acid secretion on the development of the two cancer types.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000150:complications; D002299:Cardia; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D014728:Veterans; D044465:White People