title: Bioequivalence assessment of etoposide phosphate and etoposide using pharmacodynamic and traditional pharmacokinetic parameters.
abstract: The bioequivalence of etoposide phosphate, a prodrug of etoposide, to etoposide was assessed in a randomized, crossover study in 29 patients with histologically established solid tumors that had failed conventional treatment. Cohorts of patients received one treatment course each of etoposide and etoposide phosphate which consisted of a 100 mg/m2 per day etoposide equivalent dose infused i.v. over 1 hr on a Day 1 to 5 schedule of treatment. The second course was administered 21 days later or on recovery of blood cell counts. Plasma and urine samples were collected over 24 hr on Day 1 of each course and assayed for etoposide content by a validated HPLC/UV method. Resulting data were subjected to noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Hematology profiles were obtained by collecting blood samples prior to the first course and twice a week after each course. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of etoposide were virtually identical after the two treatments. The point estimates (90% confidence intervals) for nadir WBC, granulocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets expressed as % decrease from the baseline, and for the pharmacokinetic parameters, Cmax, and AUC0 infinity, after intravenous etoposide phosphate relative to etoposide were 100% (96%, 105%), 97% (91%, 103%), 95% (82%, 109%), 95% (84%, 106%), 107% (101%, 113%), and 113% (107%, 119%), respectively. Therefore, etoposide phosphate is bioequivalent to etoposide based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mummaneni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Igwemezie
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winograd
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Barbhaiya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005047:Etoposide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011355:Prodrugs; C061400:etoposide phosphate; D005047:Etoposide