title: Cardiovascular assessment of the patient with renal problems.
abstract: A focused cardiovascular system assessment of patients with renal problems is essential in determining an overall state of health. The patient history and physical examination are the primary components of assessment. This article reviews cardiovascular assessment specific to patients with renal problems. The assessment techniques of inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation are presented. A variety of cardiovascular indicators are reviewed to assist in detecting abnormalities related to patients with renal problems.
authors.affiliation: Texas Christian University, Harris College of Nursing, Ft. Worth, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D010808:Physical Examination