title: The neurovascular infrahyoid muscle flap: a new method for tongue reconstruction.
abstract: Description of a new neurovascular island flap derived from the infrahyoid muscles to reconstruct a total tongue or large defects of the tongue base. The surgical technique, anatomic findings, and the postoperative function tests with the patients' outcome are described. Eleven patients had tongue cancer, 5 at a T2 stage, 3 at a T3 stage, and 3 at a T4 stage. Four patients underwent total glossectomy, 3 patients underwent hemiglossectomy, and in 2 patients a half and in another 2 patients a quarter of the tongue base were resected. The tongue of the patients who underwent total glossectomy has been reconstructed with the infrahyoid myofascial neurovascular flap from both sides of the neck; in all the other patients this new flap has only been taken from one side of the neck. In one patient a glossectomy had to be combined with a laryngectomy. In 10 patients the tracheostoma could be closed in 4 weeks after the operation, and all patients could eat an oral diet. Electromyography showed voluntary innervation of the reconstructed tongues. With the neurovascular infrahyoid flap, defects of the tongue base can be reconstructed successfully after partial resections or total glossectomies. The main advantage is the voluntary innervation of this flap by means of the ansa cervicalis and the prevention of scarring and atrophy of the reconstructed tongue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Remmert
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Majocco
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Weerda
mesh_terms: D004576:Electromyography; D005927:Glossectomy; D006801:Humans; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*