title: Gallstones in a community free of obesity but prone to slow intestinal transit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify anecdotal reports that gallstones were frequent in a remote community where obesity is rare and to look for possible explanations of their occurrence, including slow intestinal transit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population survey of gallbladder status and stool form.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two villages in Ladakh, a mountainous region of northern India; for comparison, a stratified random sample from general practitioners' lists in East Bristol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women aged 25-59 years, 437 in Ladakh and 974 in Bristol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of gallstones on ultrasonography and response to questionnaires about parity, the intake of dried legume seeds (pulses) and bowel function including the form or appearance of the stools on a seven-point, transit-sensitive scale. Weight, height and waist circumference were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gallstone disease was at least as frequent in Ladakh as in Bristol although Ladakhi women were uniformly slim and their weight, waist size and body mass index failed to rise with age. After adjustment for age, gallstone disease was associated with higher body mass index and waist size in Bristol but not in Ladakh. It was associated with increased parity in Bristol, but not significantly so after adjusting for age and not at all in Ladakh. Gallstone disease was not directly associated with bowel function but Ladakhis often reported their stools to be lumpy (42.4 vs. 26.5% of Bristol women) and seldom as soft or loose (6.4 vs. 42.5%), implying that their intestinal transit tends to be slow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallstones can be common in a population free of obesity but prone to intestinal stasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spathis
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Emmett
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norboo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003248:Constipation; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D006113:United Kingdom