title: Cardiovascular effects of different infusion rates of sufentanil in patients undergoing coronary surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of a total dose of 15 micrograms.kg-1 sufentanil, an opioid anaesthetic agent, were studied in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery at three infusion rates of 30 (group I), 5 (group II), and 2 (group III) micrograms.kg-1.min-1, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma concentrations of sufentanil could be optimally characterized by a linear biexponential pharmacokinetic model. Non-compartmental analyses indicated that there was no significant difference in the values of clearance (11.6, 13.3, 14.3 ml.min-1.kg-1), steady-state volume of distribution (0.220, 0.255 and 0.331 l.kg-1) and mean residence time (18.8, 13.3 and 14.3 min) among the groups. The observed mean Cmax values of 421 (group I), 125 (group II), and 53 (group III) ng.ml-1 and observed mean AUC values from 0 to 3 min were all consistent with the dosing regimens. There were large inter-individual variations in haemo-dynamic response. Compared to plasma data, a delay in haemodynamic effects was found. Times to reach peak haemodynamic effect ranged from 4.3 to 4.9 min for group I, from 4.6 to 6.1 min for group II, and from 9.9 to 11.3 for group III. Except heart rate, peak haemodynamic effects in these study patients generally ranged from 20.9% to 35.2%. Significant reductions in the area under the effect-time profiles of mean arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance were observed in group II and group III, but not in group I. Significant reductions in the area under the effect-time profiles of left ventricular stroke work index were observed in group III only. No effect on heart rate was found in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that a slower infusion rate of sufentanil at a dose of 15 micrograms.kg-1 tends to give a greater reduction in mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index than does a faster infusion rate.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borenstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shupak
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnette
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Tzeng
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017409:Sufentanil