title: Anaritide in acute tubular necrosis. Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial natriuretic peptide, a hormone synthesized by the cardiac atria, increases the glomerular filtration rate by dilating afferent arterioles while constricting efferent arterioles. It has been shown to improve glomerular filtration, urinary output, and renal histopathology in laboratory animals with acute renal dysfunction. Anaritide is a 25-amino-acid synthetic form of atrial natriuretic peptide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of anaritide in 504 critically ill patients with acute tubular necrosis. The patients received a 24-hour intravenous infusion of either anaritide (0.2 microgram per kilogram of body weight per minute) or placebo. The primary end point was dialysis-free survival for 21 days after treatment. Other end points included the need for dialysis, changes in the serum creatinine concentration, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of dialysis-free survival was 47 percent in the placebo group and 43 percent in the anaritide group (P = 0.35). In the prospectively defined subgroup of 120 patients with oliguria (urinary output, < 400 ml per day), dialysis-free survival was 8 percent in the placebo group (5 of 60 patients) and 27 percent in the anaritide group (16 of 60 patients, P = 0.008). Anaritide-treated patients with oliguria who no longer had oliguria after treatment benefited the most. Conversely, among the 378 patients without oliguria, dialysis-free survival was 59 percent in the placebo group (116 of 195 patients) and 48 percent in the anaritide group (88 of 183 patients, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of anaritide did not improve the overall rate of dialysis-free survival in critically ill patients with acute tubular necrosis. However, anaritide may improve dialysis-free survival in patients with oliguria and may worsen it in patients without oliguria who have acute tubular necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Division, Scios, Inc., Mountain View, Calif., USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Allgren
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Marbury
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Weisberg
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Fenves
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lafayette
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Genter
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kurnik
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sayegh
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009846:Oliguria / Q000209:etiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C042703:anaritide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor