title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed, where feasible, by surgery for cancer of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a multicenter phase II study of a concomitant combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery, where feasible, in patients with nonmetastatic esophageal tumor, stratified on operability at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each cycle consisted of fluorouracil (5FU) 800 mg/m2/d by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion on days 1 to 5, cisplatin (CDDP) 50 mg/m2/d IV bolus on days 1 and 8, hydroxyurea (HU) 1.5 or 2 g/d orally on days 8 to 12 and concomitant radiotherapy 20 Gy in 10 fractions over 12 days. All patients were to receive two cycles on days 1 and 22. If feasible, surgery was performed 3 to 6 weeks after cycle two completion. Otherwise, a third cycle was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight patients were included between September 1990 and September 1993. Of the 47 operable patients, 41 (87%) underwent surgery and 38 (81%) had a complete resection. No residual primary tumor was found in the surgical specimen in 17 cases (36%), and only microscopic foci in 13 (28%). Two-year overall and disease-free survival probabilities were 51% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 37 to 65) and 43% (95% CI, 28 to 57), respectively. Among the 41 inoperable patients, 12 (29%) became operable. Seven (17%) had complete resection, two incomplete resection, and three exploratory surgery. Two-year overall and disease-free survival probabilities were 29% (95% CI, 15 to 43) and 27% (95% CI, 13 to 40), respectively. Five deaths occurred during chemoradiotherapy, six postoperatively and four in patients with evidence of cancer. Five late complications (one myelopathy) were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a high histologic response rate in initially operable patients, overall survival was similar to that observed in other preoperative chemoradiation series because of substantial toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans, France. bggrpoc@cybercable.tm.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ganem
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dubray
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Raoul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bardet
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Douillard
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goudier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hennequin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel-Langlet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maron
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morvan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andolenko
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Extra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D006918:Hydroxyurea