title: The force requirements for tooth movement. Part II: Uprighting and root torque.
abstract: In orthodontic treatment tooth root movement is essential, not only to obtain mesio-distal paralleling of individual tooth roots, but also to achieve correct axial inclinations in relation to basal bones and inter-incisal angles in the anterior segments. This article describes a pilot study in which paired teeth on opposite sides of the mouth and which required root paralleling as a part of orthodontic treatment, were subjected to known moments of force. The forces were exerted using helical torsion springs of predetermined load-deflection characteristics. Average weekly moments of force were related to the weekly rates of angular movement of eight teeth in a group of four patients. The experiments lasted for up to seven weeks and were designed so that the movement of the paired teeth in each patient were concurrent.
authors.affiliation: Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003481:Cuspid; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root; D019415:Torque