title: YC-1, a nitric oxide-independent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, inhibits platelet-rich thrombosis in mice.
abstract: YC-1 (3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole), a nitric oxide (NO)-independent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, has been shown to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation in vitro through the generation of cGMP. In the present study, we assessed the antithrombotic effect of YC-1 in models of experimental thrombosis in mice. YC-1 (10, 30 micrograms/g, i.p.)-treated mice showed a prolonged tail bleeding time 30 min after injection (from control 91.0 +/- 6.4 s to 208.6 +/- 22.7 s and 291.8 +/- 42.4 s, respectively). In contrast, aspirin at a dose of 30 micrograms/g (i.p.) prolonged the bleeding time to more than 600 s. Platelet-rich thrombus formation was induced by irradiation of the mesenteric venule with filtered light in mice pretreated intravenously with fluorescein sodium. YC-1 (30 micrograms/g, i.p.) markedly prolonged the occlusion time of irradiated venules (from control 146.1 +/- 19.0 s to 275.6 +/- 24.5 s) in heparinized (1 U/g) mice. In the same condition, aspirin (100 micrograms/g) only slightly prolonged the time required for occlusion (193.2 +/- 13.2 s). In a model of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism induced by intravenous injection of ADP (300 micrograms/g), YC-1 was effective in reducing mortality when administered intraperitoneally at doses of 10-30 micrograms/g. The antithrombotic effect of YC-1 was correlated with the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo. In contrast, aspirin (30, 100 micrograms/g) did not inhibit ADP-induced pulmonary thromboembolism in vivo or platelet aggregation ex vivo. YC-1 (3, 10 micrograms/g) also exhibited profibrinolytic activity ex vivo, as revealed by shortening of the euglobulin clot lysis time. Therefore, YC-1 is an effective antithrombotic agent in preventing thrombosis in animal models, and its antiaggregating and additional profibrinolytic effects may be of potential clinical benefit in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019793:Fluorescein; D005452:Fluoresceins; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D012712:Serum Globulins; D012995:Solubility; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D005452:Fluoresceins; D007191:Indazoles; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D012712:Serum Globulins; C090937:3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D019793:Fluorescein