title: Cerebellar volume in adults with Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of aging on cerebellar volume in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). To determine whether volume of cerebellum is associated with dementia or with age-related decline in fine-motor control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study involving comparison of cerebellar volumes in adults with DS and matched control subjects; survey study involving correlations between cerebellar volume and subjects' age and performance on a test of fine motor control; and longitudinal study assessing change in cerebellar volume in adults with DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 40 adults with DS. Thirty of them were matched on age, sex, and race with cognitively normal subjects. A diagnosis of probable dementia was made for 5 of the subjects with DS. Longitudinal data were available for 23 of the 40 subjects with DS, with a mean interscan interval of 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volumes of cerebellum, total brain, and intracranial region were measured on magnetic resonance imaging scans. The Purdue Pegboard, a test of fine-motor control, was administered to 38 of the subjects with DS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with DS had significantly smaller cerebellar volumes than matched controls, even after adjusting for total brain volume or total intracranial volume. Volume of cerebellum did not correlate significantly with age for either the subjects with DS or controls. Longitudinal change in cerebellar volume in subjects with DS was not significant. Volume of total brain, but not cerebellum, correlated significantly with performance on the Purdue Pegboard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cerebellar volumes are disproportionately small in individuals with DS, they do not diminish significantly with age and do not undergo age-related atrophy that is different from that of normal controls. Volume reduction in the cerebellum does not appear to be specifically responsible for the age-related decline in fine-motor control that is observed in adults with DS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habbak
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pulsifer
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jerram
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pearlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance