title: Studies of cerebral blood flow in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case reports of six children treated with methotrexate examined by single photon emission computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cranial irradiation has been widely used in order to prevent central nervous system (CNS) relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood. Owing to the risk of late side effects, the Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO) replaced CNS irradiation with systemic high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in 1992. A prospective study of the effects of HDMTX and intrathecal MTX on CNS function is in progress at our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six ALL patients underwent (99m)Tc-HMPAO single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF): three owing to neurological symptoms during treatment for ALL and the other three as part of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients had various degrees of disturbed rCBF, which was more pronounced in the patients with neurological symptoms. One patient had severe symptoms and impaired rCBF after three intrathecal injections of MTX but before administration of HDMTX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired cerebral perfusion was found in patients with and without neurological symptoms during treatment for ALL. The impact of these findings is still unknown, from both the long- and the short-term perspective. The possibility that intrathecal MTX alone or in combination with HDMTX may affect rCBF through vascular damage should be further investigated, in terms of both mechanisms and clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Göteborg University, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osterlundh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bjure
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lannering
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kjellmer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uvebrant
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Márky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D008727:Methotrexate