title: Long-term outcome of flexible ureterorenoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of lateralizing essential hematuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We identified the long-term outcome of ureterorenoscopic diagnosis and treatment of patients with lateralizing essential hematuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed retrospectively 17 patients with lateralizing essential hematuria treated with flexible ureterorenoscopy (15) or flexible percutaneous nephroscopy (2) with or without biopsy and electrocoagulation. Followup was longer than 24 months (average 60, range 24 to 116) in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At followup 9 of the 17 patients (59%) were cured and 7 (41%) had recurrent bleeding. Discrete lesions occurred in 11 patients (64%), who were treated with electrocoagulation with 9 (82%) cured. All 3 patients (18%) with diffuse lesions had recurrent bleeding as did 2 of 3 (66%, 18% overall) with negative examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureterorenoscopy is an effective means of diagnosis and treatment of lateralizing essential hematuria. The majority of patients with lateralizing hematuria will have a discrete lesion that will respond to ureterorenoscopic electrocoagulation in the long-term. However, if the lesions are diffuse or the diagnostic examination is unreliable recurrent bleeding is likely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Elashry
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Picus
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018666:Ureteroscopy