title: Characterization of prelymphomatous stages of B cell lymphoproliferation in Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the prelymphomatous stages of B cell lymphoproliferation in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) may be better characterized by the integration of clinical, pathologic, and molecular data, the latter focusing on the expansion, persistence, and dissemination of clonal B cells in the course of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple tissue lesions (synchronous from different tissues and metachronous from the same tissue) were evaluated in biopsy specimens obtained from 6 consecutive patients with SS who had an associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Fully benign gastric lesions were evaluated in tissue from an additional 11 patients with SS who had no associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Multiple and complementary molecular analyses of B cell clonality were used: Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism, DNA sequencing, and hybridization with clonospecific oligoprobes. All the patients were then strictly followed up for the appearance of lymphoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different scenarios of SS-associated B cell lymphoproliferation were identified: 1) the ongoing expansion of the same dominant clone, localized or disseminated, in tissue from 2 patients, 1 of whom later developed an overt B cell lymphoma; 2) different dominant clones in different synchronous or metachronous tissues from the remaining 4 patients with an associated lymphoproliferative disorder; and 3) small oligoclonal expansions in 7 of the 11 benign gastric lymphoid infiltrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prelymphomatous B cell lymphoproliferation in SS was better characterized following integration of the findings. The different types of B cell clonal expansion (oligoclonal or monoclonal, smaller or larger in size, fluctuating or established, localized or disseminated) may imply a different risk of lymphoma progression. An accurate clinical, histopathologic, and molecular characterization may therefore be crucial in future studies aimed at clarifying the pathobiology of SS-associated lymphoproliferation.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Vita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boiocchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avellini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolcetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzotto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gloghini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001706:Biopsy; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000473:pathology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000473:pathology; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA