title: Activity of a mycobacterial antineoplastic glycan against human breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attenuated Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette Guerin, BCG vaccine, is a general immune stimulant and is now an approved clinical treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Isolation and characterization of a series of complex polysaccharides (glycans) from BCG and other mycobacteria has shown that these materials are remarkably heat stable and have considerable in vivo activity against a number of animal cancer models. This present communication describes the testing of a glycan, PS1, obtained from the Tice substrain of BCG against the hormonal dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the hormonally independent BT-20 line, using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a positive control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PS1 was obtained by methods previously described. Cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD) and athymic nu/nu mice from Frederick (MD). The cells were implanted into the flanks of 20g female nude mice (n = 10). After two weeks, volumes of phosphate buffered saline (control), 5-FU (positive control) or PS1 solutions were injected and the tumor growth rates followed for up to six weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-FU was effective in slowing tumor growth of both tumors. The MCF-7 cell line was markedly affected by the PS1, especially in the presence of estradiol. The BT-20 cell line was only marginally affected by PS1, with or without estradiol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since PS1 is known to have macrophage stimulating activity and nude mice are deficient in both T-cells and natural killer cells, the mechanism of activity is postulated to involve MHC-1 antigen secretion by the hormonal-dependent tumor cells, enhanced in the presence of hormone. These cells are then actively identified and destroyed by local macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (M/C 964) 60607-7019, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donmez
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Groves
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D011134:Polysaccharides