title: The use of risperidone in severely demented patients with persistent vocalizations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis being tested was that low doses of risperidone would diminish persistent, purposeless vocalizations in two severely demented geriatric women. A secondary hypothesis was that the severe tardive dyskinesia observed in one patient would improve after risperidone treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  An intrasubject on-off-on design was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chronic care facility in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two inpatients with DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association) diagnosis of combined Alzheimer vascular dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nursing assessment of frequency of vocalizations. Extrapyramidal System Rating Scale (ESRS) and Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  With risperidone treatment, the vocalizations diminished to less than 20% of baseline ratings. For the patient with dyskinesia, ESRS dyskinetic movement scores decreased (baseline = 27; after risperidone 8 weeks = 16). No change was observed for the MMSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the main hypothesis. The secondary hypothesis was also supported. Further studies of larger numbers of subjects are required to substantiate these preliminary findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Canada.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kopala
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Honer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018967:Risperidone