title: Removal of the laryngeal mask airway in children: deep anesthesia versus awake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence of adverse airway events identified with removal of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) from an awake child or from a child before his or her airway reflexes had returned.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  333 ASA physical status I and II patients ages 1.5 to 15 years undergoing elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the time of removal of the LMA at the end of surgery, patients were anesthetized or had intact airway reflexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any airway problems occurring within 15 minutes of LMA removal were recorded. These problems included airway obstruction (laryngeal spasm and biting of the LMA), peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation less than 90%, stridor requiring manipulation of the airway, vomiting, retching, and excessive salivation. Airway problems occurred after LMA removal among 23 children who had their LMA removed prior to return of airway reflexes, and among 13 subjects who had their LMA removed after the return of airway reflexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of the LMA during anesthesia and after return of airway reflexes results in a similar incidence of airway problems in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Splinter
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003243:Consciousness; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006221:Halothane; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017214:Laryngeal Masks / Q000009:adverse effects; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen; D006221:Halothane; D015742:Propofol