title: Inhibitors of urokinase reduce size of prostate cancer xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice.
abstract: Proteolytic enzymes are required to mediate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is commonly overexpressed by many human cancers. Therefore, uPA is a logical target to inhibit cancer invasion and metastasis. However, uPA inhibitors also reduce tumor growth. We used a mutated form of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 to conform a correlation between the inactivation of uPA and tumor size; we have compared these results with the action of p-aminobenzamidine and amiloride, known inhibitors of uPA. Our results show that blocking uPA by uPA inhibitors reduces tumor size in experimental animals. Our molecular simulation of docking inhibitors to the urokinase reveals that all tested small molecule inhibitors bind in proximity of uPA's specificity pocket, a critical site for future search of novel anticancer uPA inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699-0008, USA. jerzy@golemxiv.dh.mco.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankun
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skrzypczak-Jankun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swiercz
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001550:Benzamidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001550:Benzamidines; D010406:Penicillins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C006500:4-aminobenzamidine; D000584:Amiloride; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator