title: Reactivity-based coronary vasospasm independent of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the hypothesis that in the absence of vascular pathology, coronary artery vasospasm occurs as a result of local regions of vascular muscle hyperreactivity. We aimed to explore the basis for a functional etiology of those vasospasms not explained on a structural basis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ovariectomized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) without injury or significant vascular disease were stimulated with platelet release products, and angiograms were compared with those from vasospasms induced in human patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used intracoronary (IC) injections of serotonin, thromboxane A2 (U46619), endothelin 1 or angiotensin II in concentrations 3 to 10 times that which reduced coronary artery diameter by 50%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no agent alone caused vasospasm, the combination of pathophysiologic concentrations of serotonin and the stable thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619, injected through an IC catheter, synergistically caused coronary vasospasm on the second or third challenge in five of seven monkeys. These drug-induced vasospasms were similar to vasospasms induced by mechanical injury followed by serotonin, and to those stimulated in human IC diagnostic tests, as judged by onset, appearance, kinetics and vasodilator reversal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies in ovariectomized monkeys revealed that coronary vasospasm can be stimulated without preexisting vascular pathology, endothelial denudation or injury. Reproducible vasospasm of primate coronary arteries in response to these two endogenous pathophysiologic vasoconstrictors, which are thought to be precipitating stimuli in the etiology of vasospasm, suggests that structure-independent epicardial vasospasm can be an important element in serious cardiac ischemic events, particularly the focal, persistent vasospasms that occur without plaques or injury.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermsmeyer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Axthelm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D000818:Animals; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011450:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011450:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid