title: Redox-dependent structural changes in the nitrogenase P-cluster.
abstract: The structure of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein from Azotobacter vinelandii has been refined to 2.0 A resolution in two oxidation states. EPR studies on the crystals indicate that the structures correspond to the spectroscopically assigned oxidized (P(OX)/M(OX)) and the native or dithionite-reduced (P(N)/M(N)) forms of the enzyme. Both MoFe-protein structures are essentially identical, with the exception of the P-cluster. The MoFe-protein P-cluster in each state is found to contain eight Fe and seven S atoms. Interconversion between the two redox states involves movement of two Fe atoms and an exchange of protein coordination for ligands supplied by a central S atom. In the oxidized P(OX) state, the cluster is coordinated by the protein through six cysteine ligands, Ser-beta188 O gamma, and the backbone amide of Cys-alpha88. In the native P(N) state, Ser-beta188 O gamma and the amide N of Cys-alpha88 no longer coordinate the cluster due to movement of their coordinated Fe atoms toward the central sulfur. Consequently, this central sulfur adopts a distorted octahedral environment with six surrounding Fe atoms. A previously described model of the P-cluster containing 8Fe-8S likely reflects the inappropriate modeling of a single structure to a mixture of these two P-cluster redox states. These observed redox-mediated structural changes of the P-cluster suggest a role for this cluster in coupling electron transfer and proton transfer in nitrogenase.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Soltis
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Finnegan
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000201:enzymology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004579:Electron Transport; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008983:Molybdoferredoxin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D008983:Molybdoferredoxin; D009591:Nitrogenase