title: [Neurohumoral regulation in heart failure].
abstract: In the early phase of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, neurohumoral systems are activated and are closely associated with the deterioration of left ventricular function and the progression into symptomatic heart failure. Congestive cardiac failure is characterized by an increasing activation of the sympathetic nerve activity, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, vasopressin and endothelin. Together with a reduced endothelial formation of NO, the activation of neurohumoral systems leads to vaso-construction and retention of sodium and water, and by this, to a deterioration of cardiac function. On the other side, systems are activated like prostaglandins, ANP, BNP, dopamine and bradykinin, which act as vasodilators and increase natriuresis and diuresis. In the early phase of cardiac failure, natriuretic and vasodilator mechanisms are able to counteract vasoconstrictor factors, preventing by this unfavorable effects on left ventricular function.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Riegger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muders
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luchner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000502:physiology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor
vernacular_title: Neurohumorale Regulation bei Herzinsuffizienz.