title: Changes in the activity and mRNA of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase during tracheary element differentiation in zinnia.
abstract: Changes in the enzymatic activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and in the expression of a gene for CAD during tracheary element (TE) differentiation were investigated in cultures of single cells isolated from the mesophyll of zinnia (Zinnia elegans). In cultures in which TE differentiation was induced (TE-inductive cultures), CAD activity increased from h 36 after the start of culture (12 h before the start of thickening of the secondary cell wall) and peaked at h 72, when lignin was actively being deposited. In control cultures in which TE differentiation was not induced, CAD activity remained at a very low level for 5 d. Some isoforms of CAD were detected only in the TE-inductive cultures by native gel electrophoresis and subsequent staining for CAD activity. A cDNA clone for CAD, ZCAD1, was isolated from Z. elegans using a cDNA clone for CAD from Aralia cordata as the probe. RNA gel-blot analysis revealed that in the TE-inductive cultures the level of ZCAD1 mRNA increased from h 36 and peaked at h 48 to 60. No such increases were observed in control cultures. These results indicated that both the gene expression and the activity of CAD are strictly regulated, in association with lignification, during TE differentiation in Z. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. ysato@sci.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komamine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hibino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015723:Gene Library; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C018656:cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase