title: Protective effect of povidone-iodine ointment against skin lesions induced by sulphur and nitrogen mustards and by non-mustard vesicants.
abstract: Mustard gas (sulphur mustard, SM) is a powerful vesicant employed as a chemical weapon. The present study demonstrates the effect of povidone iodine (PI) ointment against skin toxicity caused by SM. Gross and histopathological examinations showed that application of PI up to 20 min following exposure to the vesicant resulted in marked skin protection. The shorter the interval between exposure and treatment the better was the protection achieved. PI was also effective against other mustards such as carboxybutyl chloroethyl sulphide (CBCS) and mechlorethamine. The fact that PI protected the skin against agents which cannot be oxidized such as iodoacetic acid, divinylsulphone and cantharidine showed that the antidotal effect of PI was unrelated to oxidation of the nitrogen and sulphur atoms of the mustards. PI ointment is proposed as an efficient protective agent against skin toxicity caused by mustards and other alkylators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wormser
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arad-Yellin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D009824:Ointments; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D007509:Irritants; D009824:Ointments; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D009151:Mustard Gas