title: Long-term results of hepatic artery fluorodeoxyuridine and conformal radiation therapy for primary hepatobiliary cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously shown that conformal radiation therapy (RT) combined with hepatic artery (HA) fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) had encouraging hepatic control and survival rates for patients with nondiffuse primary hepatobiliary malignancies. With longer follow-up, we were particularly interested if long-term hepatic control and disease-free survival could be achieved, and if late hepatic complications due to radiation therapy were observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with unresectable primary hepatobiliary cancer were treated with concurrent HA FdUrd (0.2 mg/kg/day) and conformal RT (1.5-1.65 Gy per fraction, twice a day), directed only to the liver abnormalities. Three-dimensional treatment planning was used to define both the target and normal liver volumes. The total dose of radiation (48 or 66 Gy) was determined by the fractional volume of normal liver excluded from the high dose volume. Patients were followed routinely for response, patterns of failure, long-term toxicity, and survival. The median potential follow-up was 54 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 patients (11 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 11 with cholangiocarcinoma) were treated. There were 10 objective responses in the 11 evaluable patients. The overall freedom from hepatic progression at more than 2 years was about 50%. The median survival was 16 months with an actuarial 4-year survival of about 20%. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common long-term toxicity. Late hepatic toxicity was not observed; in fact, hypertrophy of the untreated liver was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined conformal RT and HA FdUrd can produce long-term freedom from hepatic progression and survival in patients with unresectable, nondiffuse primary hepatobiliary malignancies. There were no long-term liver complications observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48073, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ensminger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005467:Floxuridine