title: Lip form responses to changes in maxillary incisor position.
abstract: A study was conducted to assess the measurement accuracy of a laser three-dimensional measurement system for measuring facial profile and to investigate the changes in lower facial morphology caused by experimental protrusion of the upper incisors, and also to examine the relationship between the changes in lip form and lip thickness. The study subjects were 24 Japanese male dental students attending Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, who had normal overbite, overjet, and normal occlusion, and a good facial profile. The mean age was 23.2 years with a range of 21.5 to 25.8 years. Three-dimensional measurements obtained by a computerized 3D laser scanning system were used to evaluate facial morphology. The measurement error of this system was less than 0.5 mm in any three-dimensional linear measurements. The stability and reproducibility of the recording procedure were evaluated. The changes in facial morphology caused by orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery were visualized in any direction by this three-dimensional graphic system. Lip thickness was not associated with changes in lip form. However, a relationship between the right and left corners of lip and lip thickness was noted. With regard to the ratio of changes in hard tissue and lips, the value of the original position for a 4 mm protrusion was not the same as that for a 4-8 mm protrusion. Also, the correlation of the changes in both groups was very low. The changes in lip thickness were associated with changes in stomion position, which in turn were related to the vertical change in the upper lip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D007834:Lasers; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014716:Vertical Dimension