title: Persistent membrane translocation of protein kinase C alpha during 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced apoptosis of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Others have reported that the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator and down-regulator of most protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, can induce apoptotic cell death of androgen-sensitive LNCaP but not androgen-insensitive PC-3 or DU 145 human prostate cancer cells. As a first step toward uncovering the mechanism by which TPA induces apoptosis of LNCaP cells, we quantified expression of PKC isozyme mRNAs in unmodified and TPA-resistant LNCaP cells and in naturally TPA-resistant PC-3, PC-3M, and DU 145 cells. All of the cell lines and normal prostate expressed RNAs for PKC alpha, delta, epsilon, eta, and mu; only DU 145 cells and normal prostate expressed PKC beta and theta RNAs, and none expressed PKC gamma. The amount of PKC alpha RNA and protein was 6- to 38-fold lower, and PKC mu RNA was 4.5- to 16.5-fold higher in unmodified and TPA-resistant LNCaP cells than in the androgen-independent cells. We examined the effects of TPA on PKC alpha and mu mRNA levels and on membrane translocation of PKC alpha. Incubation with TPA for 6 h or more induced 95% inhibition of cell growth, a transient 12-fold increase and 5-fold decrease in PKC alpha and mu mRNA levels, respectively, and prolonged translocation of PKC alpha to non-nuclear membranes in unmodified LNCaP cells and in TPA-resistant LNCaP cells from which TPA had been removed for 10 days. TPA-resistant LNCaP cells in the continuous presence of TPA, or 24 h after removal of TPA, had down-regulated PKC alpha and remained resistant to re-addition of TPA. These data demonstrate a strong correlation of the presence and absence of membrane PKC alpha with apoptosis and resistance to apoptosis, respectively.
authors.affiliation: George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center for Prostate Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Brittis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hug
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heston
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fair
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C496628:PRKCA protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate