title: Hepatitis B and C in New South Wales prisons: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among inmates entering the New South Wales correctional system and to examine risk factors for infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reception Centre at Long Bay Correctional Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, June to December 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  408 adult male inmates received at the Reception Centre (28% of the 1450 new inmates eligible for compulsory HIV testing).
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of HBV core and surface antibody and surface antigen; HCV antibody; risk factors; inmates' knowledge about risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  37% of inmates tested positive for HCV antibody, 31% for HBV core antibody and 3.2% for HBV surface antigen (indicating recent infection or carrier status). Among those who reported a history of injecting illegal drugs, rates rose to 66% for HCV antibody and 43% for HBV core antibody. Prevalence of HBV and HCV antibodies was similar in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal inmates, but HBV antigen carrier rate was significantly higher among Aboriginals (12% versus 2.2%). Knowledge about hepatitis risk factors was poor (only 20% named injecting drug use), although recidivists were significantly better informed than those new to the correctional system. Multivariate analysis identified injecting drug use, past exposure to hepatitis B virus and previous imprisonments as significant predictors for HCV infection, and age over 25 years and HCV antibodies for HBV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that about a third of adult male prisoners entering the NSW correctional system may have been infected with HBV or HCV. Measures such as education about hepatitis risk factors and HBV vaccination are needed to reduce hepatitis transmission in this population.
authors.affiliation: New South Wales Health Department, AIDS/Infectious Diseases Branch, Sydney.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ferson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011330:Prisons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012698:Serologic Tests; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines