title: The effects of multiple low doses of organophosphates on target enzymes in brain and diaphragm in the mouse.
abstract: 1. Multiple low doses of the direct acting organophosphates, ecothiopate, paraoxon and mipafox produced persistent and additive inhibition of diaphragm acetylcholinesterase. Paraoxon and mipafox had similar effects on brain acetylcholinesterase. There was greater recovery from inhibition between doses for paraoxon and ecothiopate than for mipafox. 2. Ecothiopate did not inhibit brain acetylcholinesterase but there was a small increase in activity. 3. Mipafox also had a cumulative inhibitory effect on brain neuropathy target esterase. 4. These results have particular implication for the use of multiple low doses of organophosphates occupationally by man.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, UK.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: de Blaquière
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mutch
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Blain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007531:Isoflurophate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D007531:Isoflurophate; C005238:mipafox; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase; D010261:Paraoxon