title: Nitrous oxide method of measuring cerebral blood flow during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determination of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation is a means of evaluating our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) practice. Because much of CPB is hypothermic, our measurement technique must be valid over a range of temperatures. In this study we evaluate the validity of N2O washin for measurement of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation at three temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebral blood flow and oxygenation were measured in 7 dogs undergoing CPB at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 27 degrees C using simultaneous direct (sagittal sinus outflow) and indirect (nitrous oxide washin) techniques. Animals underwent CPB with a whole blood prime and alpha-stat pH management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of hemodilution, cerebral blood flow and oxygenation were reduced by approximately 38% and 55% at 32 degrees C and 27 degrees C, respectively, by both techniques. Direct and indirect methods showed an excellent correlation (R = 0.87) during CPB between 27.5 degrees C and 37.8 degrees C (21 paired measurements).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation demonstrates that the correlation between a direct measure of global cerebral blood flow and that obtained by the N2O saturation method is excellent during CPB over the range of common CPB temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: MacVeigh
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Orszulak
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Munnikhuysen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004285:Dogs; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009609:Nitrous Oxide