title: Bilateral cervicofacial arteriovenous malformations: a case report with unusual complications.
abstract: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the craniofacial region are complex problems that require a multidisciplinary approach. Early recognition and proper treatment are essential for an acceptable longterm outcome. This article describes the case of an improperly handled AVM. During the course of retreatment, the left external carotid artery was reanastomosed to gain access for embolization in an attempt to treat the patient definitively. There is also a discussion of classification theories of formation, contemporary treatment, and complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000098:blood supply; D006472:Oral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019233:Retreatment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol