title: Retinoschisislike alterations in the mouse eye caused by gene targeting of the Norrie disease gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the retinal function and morphology of mice carrying a replacement mutation in exon 2 of the Norrie disease gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recently, Norrie disease mutant mice have been generated using gene targeting technology. The mutation removes the 56 N-terminal amino acids of the Norrie gene product. Ganzfeld electroretinograms (ERGs) were obtained in five animals hemizygous or homozygous for the mutant gene and in three female animals heterozygous for the mutant gene. As controls, three males carrying the wild-type gene were examined. Electroretinogram testing included rod a- and b-wave V-log I functions, oscillatory potentials, and cone responses. The fundus morphology has been visualized by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rod and cone ERG responses and fundus morphology were not significantly different among female heterozygotes and wild-type mice. In contrast, the hemizygous mice displayed a severe loss of ERG b-wave, leading to a negatively shaped scotopic ERG and a marked reduction of oscillatory potentials. The a-wave was normal at low intensities, and only with brighter flashes was there a moderate amplitude loss. Cone amplitudes were barely recordable in the gene-targeted males. Ophthalmoscopy revealed snowflakelike vitreal changes, retinoschisis, and pigment epithelium irregularities in hemizygotes and homozygotes, but no changes in female heterozygotes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The negatively shaped scotopic ERG in male mice with a Norrie disease gene mutation probably was caused by retinoschisis. Pigment epithelial changes and degenerations of the outer retina are relatively mild. These findings may be a clue to the embryonal retinoschisislike pathogenesis of Norrie disease in humans or it may indicate a different expression of the Norrie disease gene defect in mice compared to that in humans.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik Charité-Virchow, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruether
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van de Pol
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaissle
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tornow
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zrenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004596:Electroretinography; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D018390:Gene Targeting; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009991:Oscillometry; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins