title: Effects on calves less than one month old of feeding or not feeding them during road transport of up to 24 hours.
abstract: Two trials, each involving 56 calves less than one month old, demonstrated that the responses of calves to food and water deprivation during 24 hours of transport were similar to those observed in older cattle and lambs. There was increasing utilisation of body reserves and a measurable increase in dehydration, coupled with an increased loss of liveweight. Feeding 1 litre of glucose/electrolyte solution at eight-hour intervals did reduce the effects of food and water deprivation, but it is suggested that the minor benefits of mid-transport feeding during a 24-hour journey would not justify the disruption that would be caused by unloading and feeding. It would be better to complete the journey in as short a time as possible, providing the calves were carried under suitable conditions. Liveweight and the levels of plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein and albumin had all returned to approximately pre-transport values after 24 hours of recovery. However, the calves had not started to gain in liveweight until some time after 24 but before 72 hours of recovery. The calves did not show the same marked responses in heart rate, plasma cortisol and plasma glucose that are observed in older cattle and in other species. They also appeared to be unable to regulate their body temperature closely, when they were transported during the winter. It is suggested that their lack of response to transport was not because they were unaffected but because they were physiologically unadapted to coping with transport.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Warriss
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D014508:Urea; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D006854:Hydrocortisone