title: Cure of recurrent medulloblastoma: the contribution of surgical resection at relapse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent medulloblastoma has long been considered universally fatal. In spite of attempts to improve its treatment, only rarely have long term survivors been documented in the world's medical literature. Although the treatment of primary medulloblastoma is well established and includes surgical excision, postsurgical irradiation, and, more recently, chemotherapy, there is no established treatment for its recurrence. Current guidelines dictate the experimental use of chemotherapy, and there have been some encouraging results; yet no increase in long term survival has been documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article presents a case of cured recurrent medulloblastoma in which the only intervention at the time of recurrence was surgical excision. In addition, a review of the literature is presented, which evaluates chemotherapeutic trials involving cases of recurrent medulloblastoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors were surprised to find that the longest survivors of multiple trials had undergone reoperation at the time of recurrence. The authors' case, as well as cases described in the literature, point to a valid treatment alternative largely ignored in the management of recurrent medulloblastoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reoperation of recurrent brain tumors has received surprisingly little attention in the medical literature. Yet, as this case and a review of the literature demonstrate, this is a useful intervention.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Hospital, (affiliated with Harvard Medical School), Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balter-Seri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shuper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaizov
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation