title: Effect of hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris on cytokine expression patterns in mice with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
abstract: We have previously reported that oral administration of hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris (CVE) enhances resistance to Listeria monocytogenes through augmentation of Listeria-specific cell-mediated immunity in normal mice and mice with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) caused by murine leukemia virus (MuLV) LP-BM5. To elucidate the mechanisms whereby CVE augments the cell-mediated immunity, we examined the expression patterns of mRNA for cytokines in normal and MAIDS mice given CVE orally after L. monocytogenes infection. The expression levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-12, GM-CSF, MIP and TNF alpha genes were significantly augmented in the peritoneal adherent cells by oral administration of CVE for 2 weeks before Listeria infection. The expression levels of gamma IFN and IL-12 mRNA were significantly higher in the spleen after Listeria infection in CVE-treated mice than in normal mice, while the expression of IL-10 mRNA in the spleen was decreased by CVE administration. In MAIDS mice, oral administration of CVE also augmented the expression of gamma IFN and IL-12 mRNA in the spleen after Listeria infection, while it rather reduced the expression of IL-10 mRNA. These results suggest that CVE may preferentially augment THI responses against Listeria via activation of macrophages to produce IL-12 and enhance host defence against Listeria infection both in normal and MAIDS mice.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories, Chlorella industries Co., Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiromatsu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002708:Chlorella / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016183:Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014867:Water