title: Magnetic resonance imaging contrast media in the subarachnoid space. A comparison between gadodiamide injection and gadopentetate dimeglumine in an experimental study in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors studied the neural tolerance and contrast enhancement of a nonionic, gadodiamide injection (gadolinium [Gd]-DTPA-BMA), and an ionic, gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA), contrast medium in the subarachnoid space of the pig.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen experiments were performed in eight pigs. Lumbar and lateral C1-C2 punctures were performed. Ten milliliters of Gd-DTPA-BMA or Gd-DTPA with Gd concentrations varying from of 500 mmol/L to 0.625 mmol/L were injected, in four experiments via the lumbar route and in 12 experiments via the C1-C2 puncture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four pigs injected via the C1-C2 puncture with a Gd concentration of 500 mmol/L had signs of somatomotor irritation and all were paretic after 24 hours. No somatomotor effects were observed in the other experiments, where lower concentrations of Gd were used. Marked enhancement of the cerebrospinal fluid with no visible signal differences was obtained with concentrations from 10 to 0.625 mmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Gd-DTPA-BMA and Gd-DTPA are remarkably well tolerated in the subarachnoid space. In doses relevant for imaging purposes no adverse effects were seen.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research, National Hospital (Rikshospitalet), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Skalpe
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; D004369:Pentetic Acid; C064925:gadodiamide; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA