title: Actions of Ca2+ on an early stage in phototransduction revealed by the dynamic fall in Ca2+ concentration during the bright flash response.
abstract: To study the actions of Ca2+ on "early" stages of the transduction cascade, changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration (Ca2+i) were opposed by manipulating Ca2+ fluxes across the rod outer segment membrane immediately following a bright flash. If the outer segment was exposed to 0 Ca2+/0 Na+ solution for a brief period immediately after the flash, then the period of response saturation was prolonged in comparison with that in Ringer solution. But if the exposure to 0 Ca2+/0Na+ solution instead came before or was delayed until 1 s after the flash then it had little effect. The degree of response prolongation increased with the duration of the exposure to 0 Ca2+/0 Na+ solution, revealing a time constant of 0.49 +/- 0.03 s. By the time the response begins to recover from saturation, Ca2+i seems likely to have fallen to a similar level in each case. Therefore the prolongation of the response when Ca2+i was prevented from changing immediately after the flash seems likely to reflect the abolition of actions of the usual dynamic fall in Ca2+i on an early stage in the transduction cascade at a site which is available for only a brief period after the flash. One possibility is that the observed time constant corresponds to the phosphorylation of photoisomerized rhodopsin.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. hrml@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000557:Ambystoma; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C074530:potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium