title: Endothelins in canine genitourinary tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the functional effect of endothelin-1 (ET1) and endothelin-3 (ET3), immunohistochemically localize ET1-like immunoreactivity, and measure the tissue levels of immunoreactive endothelin (irET) in canine genitourinary (GU) tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine GU tissues were characterized by measuring ET1 levels using a RIA, immunohistochemical staining of ET1 and isometric tension studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactive endothelin was present, to varying degrees, in the vas deferens, ureter, prostate, bladder and urethra. Functionally, ET1 demonstrated the typical concentration response characteristics in the canine bladder base, bladder body, and prostate. The maximal tension (Emax) measured following ET1 challenge was approximately 20-fold greater in the bladder body (0.67 +/- 0.21 g/mm.2) and bladder base (0.48 +/- 0.18 g/mm.2) as compared to the prostate 0.04 +/- 0.001 g/mm.2 The Emax of ET3 in the bladder body (0.31 +/- 0.12 g/mm.2) and bladder base (0.19 +/- 0.08 g/mm.2) was significantly lower than the corresponding Emax of ET1. No measurable contractile response was elicited by ET3 in the canine prostate. Immunohistochemical staining localized the ET-like immunoreactivity to the glandular epithelium of the prostate and the transitional epithelium of the bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelins are ubiquitous in the canine lower GU tract with predominant localization to the epithelial elements. Endothelins are also functionally active in canine GU tissues, but the specific role of endothelins in the physiology and pathophysiology of GU tissues requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langenstroer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Divish
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opgenorth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lepor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D019334:Endothelin-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D019334:Endothelin-3