title: Gelatinase A activation is regulated by the organization of the polymerized actin cytoskeleton.
abstract: Gelatinase A (GL-A) is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) involved in both connective tissue remodeling and tumor invasion. GL-A activation is mediated by a membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) that cleaves the GL-A propeptide. In this study, we examined the role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating GL-A activation and MT-MMP-1 expression. Human palmar fascia fibroblasts and human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured on a planar substratum or within different types of collagen lattices. Fibroblasts that formed stress fibers, either on a planar substratum or within an attached collagen lattice, showed reduced GL-A activation compared with fibroblasts lacking stress fibers, within either floating or stress-released collagen lattices. To determine whether changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton could promote GL-A activation, fibroblasts with stress fibers were treated with cytochalasin D. Within 24 h after treatment, GL-A activation was dramatically increased. Associated with this GL-A activation was an increase in MT-MMP-1 mRNA as determined by Northern blot analysis. Treatment with nocodazole, which induced microtubule depolymerization and cell shape changes without affecting stress fibers, did not promote GL-A activation. These results suggest that the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton transduce signals that modulate GL-A activation and regulate tissue remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tomasek
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Updike
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahern-Moore
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2