title: Left ventricular function after repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Investigators studying the effects of cardioverter-defibrillators on left ventricular systolic function have given only minor attention to the diastolic effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation on systolic function and diastolic filling of the left ventricle during non-thoracotomy implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systolic function and diastolic filling of the left ventricle were assessed peri-operatively on a beat-by-beat basis using a transoesophageal echo-Doppler technique in 12 patients during > or = 4 episodes of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation. Systolic function was assessed from the fractional area change and diastolic filling from the E/A ratio. Arterial blood pressure and the ECG were recorded continuously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly throughout the procedure. The systolic function, similarly, was not significantly affected; the only changes were seen in the first two beats after defibrillation when the mean fractional area increased from 0.2 +/- 0.01 to 0.4 +/- 0.02 and 0.3 +/- 0.02, respectively (P < 0.001). Diastolic filling was, however, impaired as reflected by a decrease in the E/A ratio from 2.6 +/- 0.5 before to 1.6 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.01) after repeated threshold tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the combined ischaemic and electrical trauma caused by repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation during the implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator did not cause any systolic dysfunction, diastolic filling was significantly impaired.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Runsiö
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergfeldt
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brodin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenqvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*