title: Localization of sterol 27-hydroxylase immuno-reactivity in human atherosclerotic plaques.
abstract: It has recently been shown that extrahepatic cells can eliminate intracellular cholesterol by enzymatic conversion into 27-hydroxy-cholesterol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid. Using immunohistochemical methods, we studied the presence of the enzyme responsible for these conversions, sterol 27-hydroxylase, in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. All plaques examined were found to contain sterol 27-hydroxylase immuno-reactive cells. While some endothelial cells stained for sterol 27-hydroxylase, the majority of the immunoreactive cells co-localized with macrophages. Accumulation of sterol 27-hydroxylase-positive cells were often observed in macrophage-rich core regions of complicated lesions. High concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol were found in plaques, while the concentration in non-atherosclerotic human vessels was lower by two orders of magnitude. The rabbit, which is particularly sensitive to dietary cholesterol and easily develops fatty streaks, had low plasma levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol, 3 ng/ml compared to 150 ng/ml in humans. The concentration of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the atherosclerotic rabbit vessels was also lower compared to human atherosclerotic plaques. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that sterol 27-hydroxylase may be utilized by human macrophages as a defence towards a high cholesterol load. This mechanism may be less important in some other species.
authors.affiliation: King Gustaf Vth Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crisby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kostulas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Björkhem
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Diczfalusy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry; D053493:Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000032:analysis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000032:analysis*; D014680:Veins / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; C076996:27-hydroxycholesterol; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C506831:CYP27A1 protein, human; D053493:Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase