title: Brain blood flow in the dementias: SPECT with histopathologic correlation in 54 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging of regional cerebral blood flow in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and the differential diagnosis of the dementias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional cerebral blood flow SPECT was performed with inhaled xenon-133 in 261 patients and with injected technetium-99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) in 162 patients with possible dementia. In 16 patients, both agents were used in 1 day. SPECT images obtained in elderly healthy control subjects (with Xe-133 in 15, with Tc-99m HMPAO in 14) were available. In each patient without AD, further classification of disease was attempted. Histopathologic correlation was available in 54 patients (with autopsy in 51, with biopsy in three).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPECT diagnoses were true-positive in 37, true-negative in eight, false-positive in three, and false-negative in six patients. Sensitivity was 86% (37 of 43; 95% confidence limits = .72, .95); specificity, 73% (eight of 11; confidence limits = .39, .94); positive predictive value, 92% (37 of 40; confidence limits = .80, .98); and negative predictive value, 57% (eight of 14; confidence limits = .29, .82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regional cerebral blood flow SPECT may assist in the early and late diagnoses of AD and in the differential-diagnosis of the dementias when there is a complicated or confusing clinical picture.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-9061, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bonte
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bigio
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003704:Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime