title: Age-related reference values for activation markers of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in children.
abstract: The physiology of the hemostatic system in infancy and childhood is different from that in adulthood. Despite differences in several components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, there is no evidence that children are at greater risk for hemorrhagic or thrombotic problems compared with adults (1,2). Advances in understanding of the biochemistry of the hemostatic mechanism have led to the development of sensitive immunochemical methods for measuring peptides or enzyme-inhibitor complexes that are liberated with the activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in vivo (3). Activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been measured in newborns, infants and children with a variety of underlying disorders (4-16). However, reference ranges for children of different age groups have hitherto not been established. The aim of the present study was to document thrombin-antithrombin III-complex (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin-complex (PAP) and D-dimer in healthy children and to determine whether age-related differences can be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Klinik mit Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klinge
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rauch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012016:Reference Values; D013917:Thrombin / Q000032:analysis; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; D000990:Antithrombin III; D013917:Thrombin; D005341:Fibrinolysin