title: Alcohol use is a risk factor for a first generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The ALC.E. (Alcohol and Epilepsy) Study Group.
abstract: We performed a multicenter case-control study to estimate whether chronic alcoholism and alcohol consumption are risk factors for developing a first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS). We studied 237 first-seizure patients (158 men, 79 women) matched to 474 hospital controls for center, sex, age (+/-5 years), and weekday of the seizure. The risk of first GTCS in alcoholics was greater than in non-alcoholics for men (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% confidence limits, 3.6-13.0) and women (6.8, 1.6-32.6). The odds ratio (both sexes) was 1.2 (0.8-1.8) for an average daily intake of absolute alcohol of 1 to 25 g/day and rose with the amount of alcohol consumed daily: 1.3 (0.8-2.1) for 26 to 50 g/day, 3.0 (1.7-5.4) for 51 to 100 g/day, 7.9 (2.9-21.9) for 101 to 200 g/day, and 16.6 (1.9-373.4) for >200 g/day. Our study provides evidence of a powerful association between alcohol use, alcoholism, and the first GTCS.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Universitaria di Neurologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgiadi Novara, Università di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bottacchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beghi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morgando
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mutani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amedeo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cremo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gianelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ravagli Ceroni
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications*; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires