title: Changing epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in southern Israel: differences between two ethnic population groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two ethnic populations (westernized Jews and Bedouins in transition from semi-nomadic to sedentary life conditions) living in Southern Israel and receiving inpatient services in the only medical facility of the region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the incidence and severity of Streptococcus pyogenes infections among Jewish and Bedouin children have changed over the years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective (1980 to 1994), population-based. Medical charts of children younger than 15 years of age hospitalized with S. pyogenes bacteremia and/or severe invasive infection were reviewed. Incidence rates of bacteremia among Jewish and Bedouin children were calculated separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of S. pyogenes bacteremia was 2.82/100,000 between 1980 and 1984, was 2.58/100,000 between 1985 and 1989 and rose significantly during 1990 through 1994 to 4.82/100,000 (P < 0.01). The observed increment was the result of a significant increase among the Jews, whereas the incidence among the Bedouin population remained relatively stable. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome was diagnosed in three Jewish patients between 1992 and 1994. No predominance of any particular streptococcal M-type was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of pediatric S. pyogenes bacteremia has increased in Southern Israel in recent years. This increase has occurred among the Jewish population, among which the first cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome have recently occurred. The increased incidence observed is not the result of dissemination of a single virulent streptococcal clone.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiobotaru
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yagupsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018912:Arabs; D016470:Bacteremia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007585:Jews; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification