title: Microtubule-mediated transport of incoming herpes simplex virus 1 capsids to the nucleus.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus 1 fuses with the plasma membrane of a host cell, and the incoming capsids are efficiently and rapidly transported across the cytosol to the nuclear pore complexes, where the viral DNA genomes are released into the nucleoplasm. Using biochemical assays, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy in the presence and absence of microtubule depolymerizing agents, it was shown that the cytosolic capsid transport in Vero cells was mediated by microtubules. Antibody labeling revealed the attachment of dynein, a minus end-directed, microtubule-dependent motor, to the viral capsids. We propose that the incoming capsids bind to microtubules and use dynein to propel them from the cell periphery to the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8002, USA. sodeik@biomed.med.yale.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sodeik
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ebersold
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helenius
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002213:Capsid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000821:virology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000821:virology; D004398:Dyneins / Q000032:analysis; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C442523:VP5 protein, Herpes simplex virus type 1; C048925:herpes simplex virus, type 1 protein ICP4; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D004398:Dyneins; D017239:Paclitaxel; D015739:Nocodazole