Selective induction of monocyte and not neutrophil-attracting chemokines after influenza A virus infection.
It is characteristic for virus infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue while neutrophils are absent. To understand the mechanisms selectively attracting mononuclear cells in viral diseases, we examined in an influenza A virus model the expression and regulation of chemokines as candidate molecules responsible for the immigration of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. After influenza A virus infection of human monocytes, a rapid expression of the mononuclear cell attracting CC-chemokine genes MIP-1, MCP-1, and RANTES occurred which was followed by the release of chemokine proteins. In striking contrast to CC-chemokines, the expression of the prototype neutrophil CXC-chemoattractants IL-8 and GRO-alpha was completely suppressed after influenza A infection. The release of other neutrophil chemotactic factors was excluded by microchemotaxis assays. These results suggest that the virus-specific induction of mononuclear cell-attracting chemokines accounts for the preferential influx of mononuclear leukocytes into virus-infected tissue.
Sprenger
H
H
Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
Meyer
R G
RG
Kaufmann
A
A
Bussfeld
D
D
Rischkowsky
E
E
Gemsa
D
D
D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000821:virology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae
D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D018925:Chemokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins