title: Effect of five days of dexamethasone therapy on ventilator dependence and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated cortisol concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to address the efficacy of 5 days of dexamethasone therapy in preterm infants dependent on ventilation and to measure adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated cortisol release after therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, masked trial. Results were evaluated with Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon test. Fifteen preterm infants in a newborn intensive care unit who were dependent on ventilation were enrolled at 8 to 24 days of age. Dexamethasone or normal saline solution was used for treatment. The main outcome measure was ventilator independence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone therapy correlated to successful extubation. Posttherapy peak adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated cortisol concentrations were lower in infants treated with dexamethasone than in infants treated with saline solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 5-day course of dexamethasone may be adequate to achieve ventilator independence. The difference in peak cortisol concentrations may reflect suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by dexamethasone or a higher peak cortisol response in the infants treated with saline solution who have higher ventilatory acuity after therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-5313, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Backstrom
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bessman
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003366:Cosyntropin; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003366:Cosyntropin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D006854:Hydrocortisone