title: Comparative, behavioural and electrocortical effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 microinjected into the locus coeruleus of rat.
abstract: The behavioural and electrocortical (ECoG) effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hrTNF-alpha) and various forms of interleukin-1 (IL-1) microinjected into the locus coeruleus (LC) of rats were studied. IL-1 induced a typical, dose-dependent, behavioural sedation and/or sleep which was associated with ECoG synchronization. IL-1 beta appeared more potent than IL-1 alpha. During sleep induced by the various forms of IL-1 a dose-dependent increase in total voltage power (0.25-16 Hz) as well as in the 3-6, 6-9 and sometimes 0.25-3 Hz frequency bands was observed. The behavioural and ECoG effects of IL-1 beta were blocked in rats pretreated with anti-IL-1 monoclonal antibodies. The microinjection of hrTNF-alpha into the LC produced a typical pattern characterized by a first short lasting (20-30 min) phase of behavioural arousal and ECoG desynchronization, followed by a longer lasting (45-80 min) phase of behavioural sedation and/or sleep and ECoG synchronization characterized by an increase in total voltage power as well as in the 3-6, 6-9 and sometimes 0.25-3 Hz frequency bands. The behavioural and ECoG effects of hrTNF-alpha were antagonized by a pretreatment (15 min before) with specific anti-TNF-alpha polyclonal antibodies. In addition, a pretreatment with anti-IL-1 receptor monoclonal antibodies was unable to significantly affect the stimulation of behaviour and ECoG desynchronization effects elicited by hrTNF-alpha whilst the same pretreatment completely prevent the sedative and ECoG synchronizing phase elicited by the microinjection of hrTNF-alpha into the LC. These results are consisted with the hypothesis that the sedative and/or soporific behavioural and ECoG changes of hrTNF-alpha are mediated, at LC level, through a local IL-1 release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Reggio Calabria, Italy. desarro@thebrain.net
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Sarro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gareri
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Sinopoli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotiroti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008125:Locus Coeruleus; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha