title: [Volume flow in carotid occlusion. Measurement using ultrasound time domains and color M mode analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the volume flow rate- (VFR-) effects of internal carotid disease on the common carotid artery both ipsi- and contralaterally for various degrees of stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-invasive ultrasonic time domain processing (M-mode) was used. This proved to be reproducible in vivo and accurate in vitro. 109 patients (mean age 66.7 yrs.) having at least 50% stenosis of the internal carotid artery or a cerebral ischaemia were studied. The haemodynamic effect of the stenosis on the entire anterior brain circulation supplied by the carotid artery was assessed. Stenoses were graded in 4 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant VFR reduction occurred ipsilaterally in high grade (75-94%) stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid artery, but not with moderate (50-74%) stenosis (p < 0.05). Ipsilaterally to stenoses there was a decrease in VFR, which was more marked in higher than in lower grade stenoses. Contralaterally there was an increase in VFR. These groups differed in a statistically significant way (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This ultrasonic VFR method demonstrates the flow effect of carotid stenoses both ipsi- and contralaterally and adds to the understanding of the haemodynamics in individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Knappertz
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tegeler
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
vernacular_title: Volumenfluss bei Karotisobstruktionen. Messung mittels Ultraschall-Zeit-Domänen- und Farb-M-Mode-Analyse.