title: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) as a complication of carcinoid syndrome treated successfully by hepatic artery embolization.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) appears to be an extremely rare complication of carcinoid syndrome and has not yet been reported in the literature. We describe a 75-year-old patient with a history of bronchial carcinoid who besides typical carcinoid syndrome symptoms developed sleep disturbance and day lethargy caused by massive facial and nasal tissue oedema. Sleep apnoea was confirmed by sleep study. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of multiple liver metastases. Because the patient did not respond to octreotide therapy, embolization of the hepatic artery was performed. After this procedure we observed dramatic improvement of the patient's life quality, and rapid disappearance of facial swelling and sleep apnoea symptoms. We conclude that hepatic artery embolization appeared to be an effective method of abolishing obstructive sleep apnoea associated with carcinoid syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milkiewicz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olliff
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*