title: Maternal concentrations and fetal-maternal concentration differences of plasma amino acids in normal and intrauterine growth-restricted pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine whether maternal amino acid concentration changes during gestation in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction as in normal pregnancies and to verify whether these changes are related to changes in fetal-maternal differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amino acid concentrations were measured in 5 nonpregnant women, in 11 second-trimester and 10 third-trimester pregnant women with appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses, and in 23 pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction. Umbilical venous amino acids were measured at the time of fetal blood sampling. The severity of intrauterine growth restriction was assessed by Doppler velocimetry and fetal heart rate and by evaluation of oxygenation and acid-base balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal pregnant women the maternal concentration of most amino acids was significantly lower in both the second and third trimesters compared with nonpregnant women. In intrauterine growth restriction the maternal concentrations of most essential amino acids were significantly higher than in appropriate-for-gestational-age pregnancies. This observation, coupled with lower fetal amino acid concentrations in intrauterine growth restriction, leads to significantly lower fetal-maternal differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal pregnant women have a significant decrease in amino acid concentrations compared with nonpregnant women, whereas in intrauterine growth restriction maternal amino acids are reduced less, Significantly lower fetal-maternal concentration differences are present in intrauterine growth restriction, independent of the degree of severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Paolo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronzoni
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perugino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corbetta
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids