title: Hydroxyprolinemia: comparison of a patient and her unaffected twin sister.
abstract: Hydroxyproline is a major constituent of collagen. It accumulates as the free imino acid in a rarely reported inborn error of metabolism known as hydroxyprolinemia. This metabolic disorder was initially described in association with mental retardation, but subsequent identification in clinically normal individuals has led to the supposition that it is benign. The possibility that hydroxyprolinemia might have an adverse effect on cognitive development without producing mental retardation has not been determined nor has its incidence been reported. We prospectively studied a girl with untreated hydroxyprolinemia identified by routine neonatal urine screening, the only infant found among 1 million screened, and compared her with her unaffected dizygotic twin sister. Plasma and urine hydroxyproline were increased approximately 10-fold and 100-fold, respectively, in the affected twin. Both girls have had normal growth, with the affected twin taller than her sister. On neuropsychologic testing, the affected twin was within normal limits, performing slightly better than her sister on verbal and achievement tests but less well on visual perceptual testing. It appears that hydroxyprolinemia has caused no physical or general cognitive deficits. The possibility of an effect on visual perceptual functioning, although unlikely, cannot be eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Varvogli
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Waisbren
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000592:Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000097:blood*; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D006909:Hydroxyproline