title: Benign focal epileptiform discharges in children after severe head trauma: prognostic value and clinical course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the occurrence and prognosis of benign focal epileptiform discharges (BFED) in EEG after severe head trauma (SHT) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1987 and December 1994, 47 of 828 children with anamnestic SHT showed a single or dominant epileptic focus in EEG. Spike wave localization and morphology were either suggestive for BFED (group I, 21 children) or were suspected to be symptomatic (group II, 26 children). We analyzed the course of epilepsy and epileptic discharges in EEG, neuroradiologic findings, neurologic outcome, and school adjustment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After SHT, spike waves appeared immediately (within 72 h) or delayed (maximum 7 years) and disappeared between ages 3 and 14 years in 14 children of group I and between ages 8 and 23 years in 10 of group II. Children with persistent spike waves in group I were all younger than 14 years; in group II, seven were older than 15 years. Computed tomographic (CT) lesions, ipsilateral to the epileptic focus, were seen in 10 children of group I and 15 of group II. Early seizures occurred in nine children of group I and eight of group II and late-onset seizures in one of group I and nine of group II (p = 0.028). Epilepsy developed in three children of group I and 12 of group II and was drug refractory in six children of group II, all with persistent epileptic foci. Regular schools were attended by 14 (67%) children in group I and 12 (48%) of group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign focal epileptiform discharges in posttraumatic EEGs have the same favorable prognosis as in benign focal epilepsy and should be handled as recommended for classic benign focal epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wohlrab
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boltshauser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male