title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and B cell terminal differentiation by CDK inhibitor p18(INK4c) and IL-6.
abstract: Cell cycle arrest and cell death are tightly coupled to terminal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells in vivo. This process was recapitulated in vitro by stimulation of IgG-bearing human B lymphoblastoid cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6), which led to orderly cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. In terminally differentiated plasmacytoid cells, phosphorylation of pRb was suppressed, correlating with the activation of the D-type cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p18(INK4c) and p21(WAF1/CIP1). The expression of CDK6, however, remained unchanged. Activation of p18 by IL-6 was rapid, concomitant with marked enhancement of its association with CDK6 and cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of p18 in IgM-bearing lymphoblastoid cells, which differentiated in response to IL-6 but did not exit the cell cycle, reconstituted coupled differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Thus, CDK inhibitors, in particular p18, are likely to play a pivotal role in controlling cell cycle arrest and cell death in terminal differentiation of late-stage B cells to plasma cells via inhibition of pRb phosphorylation by CDK6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen-Kiang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493971:CDKN2C protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C495911:CDK6 protein, human; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases