title: An appliance designed for experimental mandibular hyperpropulsion in rats.
abstract: Many animal experiments dealing with function-form interaction and mandibular condylar growth have utilized hyperpropulsion of the animal's mandible. Numerous hyperpropulsive appliances have been described in the literature. However, there are significant discrepancies between reported results which are most likely due to the use of appliances that do not secure true mandibular hyperpropulsion. The specific rat craniofacial anatomy as well as the masticatory physiology of this animal requires the design of a specific appliance that would meet the species' functional characteristics. The aim of this paper is to describe a new type of appliance that can produce a controlled, stable and reproducible anterior displacement of the mandible in rats. After reviewing and evaluating the appliances used by other researchers, a totally new appliance for experimental mandibular hyperpropulsion in rats is presented. Its advantages are: (i) it produces a secure, measurable and reproducible anterior displacement of the mandible; (ii) it does not permit any retrusive or lateral mandibular movements. Avoidance of this variable can increase reliability of results and minimize involvement of other confusing parameters; and (iii) it allows the animals to be fed sufficiently for a number of hours every day. The appliance consists of an acrylic collar brace fitted to the animal's neck and carrying wire extensions that support rubber bands pulling on a band cemented to the animal's lower incisors. The pulling force depends on the thickness of the applied elastics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tsolakis
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Spyropoulos
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000818:Animals; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004435:Eating; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000254:growth & development; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012408:Rubber; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D013193:Stainless Steel; D012408:Rubber