title: Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among children aged up to 16 years residing in the city of Karachi, Pakistan, during the five years from 1989 to 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of incidence using hospital and clinic records.
  
  
  METHODS
  The city of Karachi, Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children satisfying standard criteria for the diagnosis of IDDM, attending treatment facilities for the first time during the study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of IDDM in this population and its variation by age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of IDDM in this population is 1.02/100000 per year, which is one of the lowest incidence rates yet reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The very low incidence of IDDM, contrasted with the substantially higher incidence among migrants, supports the view that environmental factors are the major determinants of variations in the incidence of this condition between populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, Nuffield Institute for Health, Leeds.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staines
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shera
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bodansky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors