title: Regulatory peptides and other neuroendocrine markers in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
abstract: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an APUDoma (APUD refers to amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) arising from the parafollicular cells. Diarrhoea has been reported in some 30% of patients, variously attributed to excess production of calcitonin (CT), serotonin (5-HT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or other factors. The regulatory factors in MTC were examined employing immunocytochemistry and RIA to tumours and their extracts. The patients were followed up for more than 15 years. CT and calcitonin gene-related peptide were universally expressed in all the tumours. The neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A (and its fragments pancreastatin and WE-14), neurone-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 and carcino-embryonic antigen were found in the majority of MTCs and might be useful as immunocytochemical markers. 5-HT, substance P, neurokinin A, glucagon and VIP could not be detected, excluding them as candidates in the diarrhoea of MTC.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ardill
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D001079:Apudoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000150:complications; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000032:analysis; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000150:complications; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000032:analysis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000150:complications; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; C050836:pancreastatin; D002116:Calcitonin; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide