title: The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease.
abstract: Although specific bacteria, dental plaque, and age are associated with periodontal disease, there are currently no reliable predictors of periodontitis severity. Studies in twins have suggested a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but previous attempts to identify genetic markers have been unsuccessful. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) are key regulators of the host responses to microbial infection. IL-1 is also a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption. We report a specific genotype of the polymorphic IL-1 gene cluster that was associated with severity of periodontitis in non-smokers, and distinguished individuals with severe periodontitis from those with mild disease (odds ratio 18.9 for ages 40-60 years). Functionally, the specific periodontitis-associated IL-1 genotype comprises a variant in the IL-1B gene that is associated with high levels of IL-1 production. In smokers severe disease was not correlated with genotype. In this study, 86.0% of the severe periodontitis patients were accounted for by either smoking or the IL-1 genotype. This study demonstrates that specific genetic markers, that have been associated with increased IL-1 production, are a strong indicator of susceptibility to severe periodontitis in adults.
authors.affiliation: Medical Science Systems, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78216, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kornman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: di Giovine
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Pirk
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Higginbottom
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Duff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D007375:Interleukin-1