title: The direct effects of nicotine use on human health.
abstract: Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of death in the United States. The role of some of the specific components of tobacco and tobacco pyrolysis in causing human disease has been well described. However, the health risks attributable to nicotine alone have not been fully determined, especially for long-term use. Nicotine is a potent chemical that has powerful effects on the human body, especially when administered rapidly or at high doses. Although many of these effects are deleterious, others may be beneficial. In certain special populations, such as the developing fetus, or persons with significant cardiovascular disease, nicotine has greater adverse effects. Because of the recent emphasis on using nicotine to treat tobacco dependence, as well as the interest in using nicotine as a possible agent for reducing overall tobacco use, clarifying the effects of long-term nicotine use on human health is important.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, assigned to the Bureau of Public Health, Wisconsin Division of Health, Madison 53703-3041, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Van Gilder
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Remington
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fiore
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine