title: Identification and characterization of the ccdA gene, required for cytochrome c synthesis in Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: The gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis contains several membrane-bound c-type cytochromes. We have isolated a mutant pleiotropically deficient in cytochromes c. The responsible mutation resides in a gene which we have named ccdA (cytochrome c defective). This gene is located at 173 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome. The ccdA gene was found to be specifically required for synthesis of cytochromes of the c type. CcdA is a predicted 26-kDa integral membrane protein with no clear similarity to any known cytochrome c biogenesis protein but seems to be related to a part of Escherichia coli DipZ/DsbD. The ccdA gene is cotranscribed with two other genes. These genes encode a putative 13.5-kDa single-domain response regulator, similar to B. subtilis CheY and Spo0F, and a predicted 18-kDa hydrophobic protein with no similarity to any protein in databases, respectively. Inactivation of the three genes showed that only ccdA is required for cytochrome c synthesis. The results also demonstrated that cytochromes of the c type are not needed for growth of B. subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schiött
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Wachenfeldt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hederstedt
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C104882:CcdA protein, Bacillus; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger