title: Effect of time and temperature on inactivation of aminoglycosides by ampicillin at neonatal dosages.
abstract: The administration of gentamicin at least 1 hour before administration of ampicillin in neonates has been advocated because of in vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides by beta-lactam antibiotics. This method would cause a delay in ampicillin dosing in the treatment of serious bacterial infections and unnecessarily complicate nursing procedures. We studied the effect of varying concentrations of ampicillin (50, 100, 200, and 400 micrograms/ml) on aminoglycosidic antibiotics in vitro with the use of stock solutions diluted in pooled sera obtained from cord blood and incubated samples at 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 40 degrees C. We found inactivation of aminoglycosides to be dependent on time, temperature, and ampicillin concentration, but the degree of inactivation was small and does not support temporal separation of parenteral administration of ampicillin and aminoglycosides to neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical Center of Central Massachusetts, Worcester 01605-2982, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Glew
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Keroack
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood*; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010406:Penicillins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; D000667:Ampicillin; D014031:Tobramycin