title: Hysteroscopy provides proof of trophoblastic tumors in three cases with negative color Doppler images.
abstract: Color Doppler sonography has replaced pelvic arteriography as well as real-time ultrasound in the assessment of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. In about 25% of patients in whom human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels are suggestive of trophoblastic disease, there will be no evidence of abnormal vessels in the uterus. In these cases it is assumed that hCG was produced by metastatic lesions. We present here three cases in which color Doppler examination was negative and where myometrial biopsies containing tumor were obtained by means of hysteroscopy. The fact that color Doppler, in its present form, does not detect small areas of trophoblastic tumor might also have implications for other kinds of tumors. Knowledge of the exact microscopic diagnosis in molar patients with persistent disease may have an impact on management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rådestad
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D009215:Myometrium / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014328:Trophoblastic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging