title: Differential dose delivery using a nondocking applicator for intraoperative radiation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although treatment of a field within a field to deliver a boost dose is quite common with external photon beam radiation therapy, the same is not always true with electron beam radiation or in intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). The purpose of this work is to report the results and details of a new technique developed to treat a field within a field in intraoperative radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This technique makes use of the nondocking IORT system currently used at our institution. Treatment is given in two segments: the large field is first treated by using standard circular lucite cones; the second dose segment is delivered using a new circular brass cone designed to fit concentrically within the large lucite cone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central axis depth dose, surface dose, output factors, and two-dimensional beam profiles have been measured for a 7 cm inner diameter (i.d.) flat lucite cone and 3.8 and 5 cm i.d. flat brass cones for electron beam energies ranging from 4-22 MeV. For different clinical target volumes, summed dose distributions differentially weighted in both energy and dose are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple technique for delivering differential dose in intraoperative radiation therapy is presented. The technique provides a method for escalating dose to higher values for a defined target volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Center for Cancer Treatment, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5097, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohiuddin
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suntharalingam
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage