title: Intraperitoneal bupivacaine for analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied in a prospective, double-blind, randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty ASA 1 and 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Immediately after pneumoperitoneum was obtained patients in group 1 were given 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine injected under direct vision into the hepato-diaphragmatic space, near and above the hepato-duodenal ligament and above the gallbladder. At the end of operation another 15 ml of bupivacaine was injected. Patients in group 2 were given 15 ml of 0.9% saline solution in a similar fashion. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS 100 mm) at 0.5, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Analgesic consumption was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' data were similar in the two groups. Pain was more intense in the saline group at each time point. Significant differences between the groups were present for up to 8 h. Analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the bupivacaine group. No side-effects occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that reducing pain with intraperitoneal bupivacaine is effective, easy to administer, and without side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, General Hospital Sibenik, Croatia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mraović
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jurisić
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kogler-Majeric
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sustic
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine