title: Frozen-section-guided breast-conserving surgery: implications of diagnosis by frozen section as a guide to determining the extent of resection.
abstract: This study was conducted to analyze retrospectively the results of performing sector resection on 56 breasts in 54 patients with breast cancer. The glands were resected with a 2-cm tumor-free margin on both lateral sides and the distal side, and with more than a 3-cm tumor-free margin on the nipple side. The frequency of positive resection margins for the cancer cells was 7/56 (12.5%) on the nipple side and 12/46 (26.1%) on the lateral sides, with an overall frequency of 15/56 (26.8%). There were positive resected margins for cancer cells on both the nipple and lateral sides in 4/46 patients (9%). Assuming the equivocal margins were positive for cancer cells, an accurate diagnosis by frozen section examination was made in 51 of the 56 operations (91.1%). Additional resection of the margins was performed in all 20 cases of a positive resected margin for cancer cells according to the diagnosis by frozen section. Thereafter, the resected margins became negative in 13 cases (65%), but remained positive in 7 cases (35%). These results show that performing diagnosis by frozen section of the surgical margins is an effective guide to resecting tumors adequately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D012189:Retrospective Studies