title: A dosimetry system for 192IR interstitial breast implants performed at the time of lumpectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  192Ir interstitial breast implants performed at the time of lumpectomy present a unique problem because they cannot be preplanned, and yet they are expected to produce a treatment dose rate (TDR) from 0.3 to 0.5 Gy/h using sources already procured. The purpose of this work is to describe a system of dosimetry that works within these constraints and has been used to perform more than 600 such implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The underlying principle is to fix the ribbon spacing, the interplaner separation, and the linear activity (1 mCi/cm) so that the TDR will depend only on the area (L x W) implanted. The ribbons are spaced 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm apart in single plane and double implants, respectively. Idealized implants were used to study the TDR as a function of the implant dimensions, and to study the effects of varying the ribbon spacing and interplanar separation. Volume-dose histograms were generated to study the homogeneity of dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TDRs of single plane implants range from 0.3 Gy/h for small 4 x 4 cm2 implants to 0.4 Gy/h for large 10 x 10 cm2 implants. The TDRs for double plane implants are similar for the same range of dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implants with a TDR between 0.3 and 0.5 Gy/h can be performed for a wide range of geometries without preplanning using fixed ribbons spacings of 1.5 and 2.0 cm for single and double plane implants, respectively, and a linear activity of 1 mCi/cm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Komarnicky
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Anne
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Corn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suntharalingam
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes