title: Prognostic value of plasma endothelin-1 in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictive and multifunctional peptide. Elevated concentrations have been reported in congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that the level of endothelin-1 in plasma is a prognostic marker in congestive heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were measured by radioimmunoassay in 120 congestive heart failure patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (mean ejection fraction 28 +/- 11%, in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I:21, class II 35, class III: 61, class IV: 3). During a median follow-up of 361 +/- 338 days, 14 cardiac deaths occurred. In the univariate Cox model, endothelin-1 was the most powerful prognostic marker among the variables tested (P = 0.0001). A multivariate model, including plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and noradrenaline, NYHA class, age, and echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index was highly predictive of mortality (P = 0.00008), but only endothelin-1 remained significantly associated with outcome (P = 0.02). Patients with plasma endothelin-1 > or = 5 pg. ml-1 had a higher mortality rate than those with endothelin-1 < 5 pg. ml-1 (21% vs 4%, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that elevated endothelin-1 plasma levels are associated with a poor prognosis and routine plasma endothelin-1 determination provides important prognostic information in mild to moderate heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pousset
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isnard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lechat
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalotka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carayon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maistre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Escolano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komajda
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003643:Death; D004452:Echocardiography; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D009638:Norepinephrine