title: Randomised controlled trial of hydroquinine in muscle cramps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although quinine and hydroquinine are commonly prescribed for muscle cramps, controlled clinical trials of these drugs have reported mixed findings about efficacy. We investigated hydroquinine therapy in otherwise healthy adults who had frequent, ordinary muscle cramps.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial consisted of three consecutive 2-week periods: qualification, treatment, and washout, 68 women and 44 men who had at least three muscle cramps per week were enrolled. During the treatment period, participants were randomly assigned 300 mg daily dose of hydroquinine hydrobromide dihydrate (54 participants) or placebo (58). The frequency, severity (1-10), duration, and location of muscle cramps, as well as any side-effects, were recorded by participant in daily diaries. The primary outcome measures were the number of muscle cramps and the number of days during which the participants had muscle cramps (cramp-days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We excluded five participants from both groups from the analysis. Thus, data from 49 hydroquinine-group participants and 53 placebo-group participants were analysed. In both groups the total number of muscle cramps and the number of cramp-days decreased during the treatment period compared with the qualification period. However, these improvements were greater in the hydroquinine group than in the placebo group. The hydroquinine-group participants reported a median of 8 (95% CI 7-12) fewer cramps and median of 3 (1-4) fewer cramp-days, whereas those on placebo reported only 3 (0-5) fewer cramps and 1 (0-5) fewer cramp-days. 32 (65%) of participants in the hydroquinine group had a 50% or greater reduction in the number of muscle cramps. After the onset of cramps, hydroquinine did not reduce the severity or duration of cramps. We also found a sustained effect after treatment had stopped. Hydroquinine was well tolerated, and resulted in only mild side-effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, 300 mg hydroquinine was safe to take in the short-term and significantly more effective than placebo in the prevention of frequent, ordinary muscle cramps. This therapeutic effect outlasted the duration of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Zlekenhuls Gelderse Vallei, Edo, Netherlands.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Veenhuizen
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Boo
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Verbeek
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011802:Quinidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013607:Tablets; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D013607:Tablets; C014486:hydroquinidine; D011802:Quinidine