title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging in a stereotactic setup.
abstract: The localization of critical structures within the brain is important for the planning of therapeutic strategies. Functional MRI is capable to assess functional response of cortical structures to certain stimuli. The authors present two techniques for functional MRI (fMRI) in a stereotactic set-up. The skull of the patients has been immobilized for stereotactic treatment planning either with a self developed stereotactic ceramic frame and bony fixation or with an individual precision mask system made of light cast. It has been shown that this frame does not produce any image distortion. fMRI was performed using a modified FLASH sequence on a conventional 1.5 T MRI scanner with a specially developed linear polarized head coil. The imaging technique used was an optimized conventional 2D and 3D, first order flow rephased, gradient echo sequence (FLASH) with fat-suppression and reduce bandwidth (16-28 Hz/pixel) and TR = 80-120 ms, TE = 60 ms, flip angle = 40 degrees, matrix = 128 x 128, FOV = 150-250 mm, slice-thickness = 2-5 mm, NEX = 1, and a total single scan time for one image of about 7 sec. The motor cortex stimulation was achieved by touching each finger to thumb in a sequential, self-paced, and repetitive manner. Statistical parametric maps based on student's test were calculated. Pixels with a highly significant signal increase (p < 0.001) are overlaid on T1w SE images. The primary motor and sensory cortex could be visualized with this method in all 10 patients that were imaged in this study. Due to tight fixation of the patient's skull there have been no motion artifacts. These results show that functional MRI is feasible in an stereotactic set-up with an standard 1.5 T scanner. This is a prerequisite for the exact pre therapeutic assessment of the function of cortical centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essig
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baudendistel
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engenhart
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lorenz
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D016634:Radiosurgery; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques