title: Recognition and management of obstructed pulmonary veins draining to the coronary sinus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstruction of the pulmonary veins in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus is generally considered rare. However, if it is present, the usual treatment of unroofing the coronary sinus will lead to a poor result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus with obstruction were identified over a 14-month period. Three patients in whom the diagnosis of obstruction was not made underwent coronary sinus unroofing. Retrospective review of the preoperative echocardiograms and Doppler studies showed the presence of obstruction in the vertical vein in 2 patients and in the branches in the other. In the fourth patient, obstruction in the vertical vein was recognized preoperatively with echocardiography and Doppler study. This patient underwent direct common pulmonary vein-left atrial anastomosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 patients who had coronary unroofing were seen with obstructed pulmonary veins 2 to 7 months postoperatively. After reoperation, 1 died, and the other 2 have done relatively well 3 1/2 and 15 months postoperatively. The patient who had an anastomosis between the common pulmonary vein and the left atrium is doing well 18 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obstruction in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus is not as rare as previously reported. To improve outcome, its presence should be sought using complete echocardiography including Doppler studies. When obstruction is present, transection of the vertical vein and common pulmonary vein-left atrial anastomosis through the superior approach is an attractive technique that also eliminates the right-to-left shunting associated with coronary sinus unroofing and simplifies closure of the atrial septal defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: DeLeon
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: DeLeon
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Roughneen
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vitullo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cetta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lagamayo
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*