Temporally and spatially coordinated expression of cell cycle regulatory factors after angioplasty.
Intimal hyperplasia following angioplasty results in part from the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the cell cycle regulatory networks underlying injury-induced VSMC proliferation are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the kinetics of expression and activity of cell cycle regulatory factors after angioplasty in rat and human arteries. Cell lysates were prepared from uninjured rat carotid arteries and at different time points after balloon denudation. Marked induction of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the G1/S cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk2), and its regulatory subunits (cyclin E and cyclin A) occurred between 1 and 2 days after angioplasty, was sustained up to 10 days after injury, and then declined. Induction of these factors correlated with increased cdk2-, cyclin E-, and cyclin A-dependent kinase activity, indicating the assembly of functional cdk2/cyclin E and cdk2/cyclin A holoenzymes in the injured arterial wall. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed early expression of cdk2, cyclin E, and PCNA within the media of injured carotid arteries. At later time points, expression of these markers declined to basal levels in the media but was detected within the intimal lesion. Thus, VSMC proliferation after angioplasty in the rat carotid artery is associated with a temporally and spatially coordinated expression of cdk2, cyclins E and A, and PCNA. Analysis of human arteries also revealed expression of these factors in VSMCs within restenotic lesions. Thus, cdk2 and its regulatory cyclins may be suitable targets to limit human restenosis.
Wei
G L
GL
Department of Medicine (Cardiology), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass. 02135, USA.
Krasinski
K
K
Kearney
M
M
Isner
J M
JM
Walsh
K
K
Andrés
V
V
D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D017130:Angioplasty; D000818:Animals; D017073:Atherectomy; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D000199:Actins; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493958:Cdkn1a protein, rat; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011494:Protein Kinases; C102333:histone H1 kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; C495892:Cdk2 protein, rat; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases