title: Evaluation of the proposed FDA pilot dose-response methodology for topical corticosteroid bioequivalence testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The American FDA has recently released a Guidance document for topical corticosteroid bioequivalence testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recommendations of this document for appropriateness. The new specifications require a dose-vasoconstriction response estimation by the use of a Minolta chromameter in a preliminary pilot study to determine the parameters for use in a pivotal bioequivalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The visually-assessed human skin balancing assay methodology routinely practiced in our laboratories was modified to comply with the requirements of the pilot study so that visual and chromameter data could be compared. Two different cream formulations, each containing 0.12% betamethasone 17-valerate, were used for this comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual data showed the expected rank order of AUC values for most dose durations whereas the chromameter data did not show similar results. The expected rank order of AUC values for both chromameter and visual data was not observed at very short dose durations. In fitting the data to pharmacodynamic models, equivalent goodness of fit criteria were obtained when several different parameter estimates were used in the model definition, however the visual data were best described by the sigmoid Emax model while the chromameter data were best described by the simple Emax model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Emax values predicted by the models were close to the observed values for both data sets and in addition, excellent correlation between the AUC values and the maximum blanching response (Rmax) (r > 0.95) was noted for both methods of assessment. The chromameter ED50 values determined in this study were approximately 2 hours for both preparations. At this dose duration the instrument would not be sensitive enough to distinguish between weak blanching responses and normal skin for bioequivalence assessment purposes.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Demana
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haigh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanfer
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001624:Betamethasone Valerate / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D003116:Color; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D001624:Betamethasone Valerate