title: Poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted liposomes with oligopeptide or oligosaccharide ligands appended to the termini of the polymer chains.
abstract: Novel conjugates tailor-made for inclusion in liposomal formulations, containing distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) as a lipid anchor, heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 2000 as a linking moiety, and a biological cell adhesive ligand [YIGSR peptide or Sialyl Lewis(X) oligosaccharide (SLX)], were synthesized. They were characterized by NMR, chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Inclusion of either of the ligand-PEG-lipid conjugates (2 mol %) in a lecithin/cholesterol/ methoxy-PEG2000-DSPE (55:40:3 mole ratio) lipid mixture followed by preparation of unilamellar vesicles (100 nm) resulted in positioning of 55% of the YIGSR and 63% of the SLX ligands on the periphery of the outer surface-grafted polymeric "brush", as determined by a combination of specific enzymatic alterations of each ligand and HPLC. Similar densities of ligand-bearing PEG chains were incorporated into liposomes by simply incubating (37 degrees C, 5 h) either one of the ligand-PEG-lipid conjugates with preformed lipid vesicles. This conjugate insertion process was aggregation free. Using enzymatic derivatization-HPLC, it was demonstrated that all the ligands incorporated into lipid membranes by this new approach were positioned exclusively on the outer leaflet of the liposomal bilayers. Since liposomes of this type are intended for in vivo use as long-circulating, ligand-presenting platforms, the insertion approach is preferable because of the more efficient utilization of ligand-PEG-lipid conjugates.
authors.affiliation: SEQUUS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. SamuelZ@SEQUUS.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zalipsky
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mullah
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: DeFrees
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D008081:Liposomes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000080506:Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008024:Ligands; D008081:Liposomes; D009842:Oligopeptides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D000080506:Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; C081571:tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols