title: Phosphate-activated glutaminase immunoreactivity in brainstem respiratory neurons.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if immunoreactivity for phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutamate and a putative marker for neurons that use glutamate as a neurotransmitter, is present within respiratory neurons in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata. Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in the ventrolateral medulla of adult anaesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurons with a respiratory-related modulation of their membrane potential were filled with Neurobiotin (Vector, CA). After histochemical processing, sections of brainstem were examined by fluorescence and light microscopy. Some PAG immunoreactivity was found in all of the four types of respiratory neurons examined. PAG immunoreactivity was graded as strong or weak. (1) Of six inspiratory neurons in the rostral ventral respiratory group five were strongly PAG immunoreactive and one was weakly PAG immunoreactive. (2) Of six expiratory neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group five were strongly PAG immunoreactive while one was weak. (3) Seven motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguous were all strongly PAG immunoreactive. (4) Five neurons in the Bötzinger area were examined. Four were weakly PAG immunoreactive while one contained strong PAG immunoreactivity. These data demonstrate a heterogeneity of PAG immunoreactivity amongst brainstem respiratory neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia. pilowsky@blackburn.med.su.oz.au
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pilowsky
authors.forename: Q J
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Llewellyn-Smith
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnolda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C070614:neurobiotin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D001710:Biotin; D005972:Glutaminase