title: Bupivacaine decreases epidural meperidine requirements after abdominal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal of three concentrations of bupivacaine (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.10%) to add to an epidural infusion of meperidine (1 mg.ml-1) for postoperative pain relief.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, double blind study, 60 patients undergoing abdominal surgery with general anaesthesia were randomized into three groups to receive for postoperative epidural analgesia: 1) 1 mg.ml-1 meperidine (0% group), 2) bupivacaine 0.05% and 1 mg.ml-1 meperidine (0.05% group), 3) bupivacaine 0.10% and 1 mg.ml-1 meperidine (0.10% group). Postoperatively, the epidural infusion rate was titrated to produce adequate analgesia and pain was assessed at rest and on movement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in demographic data, average pain scores or side effects among the three groups. However, there was improvement of pain relief at rest over time in the three groups (P < 0.05). Postoperative epidural analgesic infusion rates increased over time for the three groups (P < 0.05) and were lower in the 0.10% group (mean of 10.0 ml.hr-1) than in the 0% group (mean of 12.6 ml.hr-1) (P < 0.05). More than half of the 0% group had serum meperidine concentrations > 400 g.L-1 to control moderate postoperative pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although analgesia was identical among groups, the lower serum concentrations of meperidine support the addition of bupivacaine 0.10% to meperidine when administered as a continuous infusion following abdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Département d'anesthésic réanimation, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont et Université de Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: St-Onge
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fugère
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girard
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012146:Rest; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008614:Meperidine; D010100:Oxygen; D002045:Bupivacaine