title: Patterns of mammographically detected calcifications after breast-conserving therapy associated with tumor recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some authors have suggested that mammographically evident calcifications that would be considered benign in other situations can be due to carcinoma in women who have undergone breast conservation. This study was undertaken to determine if the pattern of calcifications associated with recurrent tumors detected mammographically differs from that observed in carcinomas developing de novo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammograms of 22 cases of local tumor recurrence were retrospectively reviewed, and calcifications associated with recurrence were characterized according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumors were usually associated with > or = 10 calcifications (77%; 17 of 22 cases). Recurrences commonly contained very suspicious patterns of calcifications with linear forms present in 15 cases (68%) and pleomorphic calcifications present in 17 cases (77%). The distribution of calcifications was usually clustered (73%; 16 of 22 cases) or segmental (18%; 4 of 22 cases). Recurrences were usually obviously malignant (BI-RADS Category 5), and were characterized as such in 77% of cases. The remainder were indeterminate, requiring biopsy (BI-RADS Category 4). Recurrent tumors containing calcifications always contained some suspicious forms. Less worrisome types of calcifications were sometimes observed, including punctate calcifications in 36% and coarse calcifications in 14% of cases, but were always associated with more malignant patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local tumor recurrences, when associated with mammographically evident calcifications, usually have a pattern highly suspicious for malignancy, although indeterminate forms can be the only calcifications present. Characteristically benign patterns of calcifications are not observed in recurrent tumors unless they are associated with more suspicious calcifications. Therefore, women without more worrisome patterns need not undergo biopsy because of the presence of these nonworrisome calcifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dershaw
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Giess
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borgen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies