Pain management in newborns: how far have we progressed in research and practice?
Compelling research supports the newborn infant's capacity for pain. Yet, pain is frequently underestimated and undertreated. This is a result of limited understanding of pain pathway development, immediate and long-term consequences, measurement tools and approaches, and safety and efficacy of pain-relieving interventions. This paper reviews recent research in relation to management of pain in the newborn, and presents implications for practice and future research.
Stevens
B
B
Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D017283:Neonatal Nursing; D015399:Nursing Research; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy