title: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic mechanisms mediate the induction of FOS-like protein by cocaethylene.
abstract: Cocaethylene is a psychoactive metabolite formed during the combined consumption of cocaine and ethanol. As this metabolite has many properties in common with cocaine, it is conceivable that cocaethylene administration may induce the activity of nuclear transcription factors that regulate the expression of late-response genes. Therefore, the temporal induction of FOS-like protein in rat brain was examined following IP administration of 60 micromol/kg cocaethylene. Immunoreactivity for the protein was detectable at 1 h in striatal neurons and had virtually disappeared 6 h after drug treatment. Administration of specific dopaminergic (SCH-23390; 0.5 mg/kg) and glutamatergic (MK-801; 1 mg/kg) receptor antagonists prior to cocaethylene indicated a significant role for dopamine (D1) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtypes in mediating the nuclear induction of the aforementioned transcription factor protein. In contrast, no significant effects on FOS-like protein in discrete neurons of the caudate putamen were found when spiradoline (U-62066), a kappa opioid-receptor agonist, was administered either IP (10 mg/kg) or directly (50 nmol) into the brain parenchyma. In addition, we uncovered a differential sensitivity of Long-Evans rats to the behavioral effects of cocaethylene, with the psychoactive metabolite producing significantly less behavioral activity (e.g., locomotion, rearing, and continuous sniffing) than that produced by cocaine (molar equivalent of 60 micromol/kg cocaethylene). These findings indicate both common and disparate effects of cocaethylene and its parent compound, cocaine, on receptor pathways that regulate target alterations in gene expression and drug-induced motor behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260-4110, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DiPirro
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kristal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001552:Benzazepines; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; C066444:cocaethylene; D003042:Cocaine; C051272:spiradoline; D004298:Dopamine