title: New drug therapy for acute seizure management.
abstract: Several new agents have recently become available for the long-term treatment of epilepsy. Until now, there has been little change for the acute management of seizures. Three new agents may alter our present practice. Fosphenytoin has recently been approved as a substitute for parenteral phenytoin. It provides similar efficacy without the risk for infusion site injury while allowing greater flexibility in intravenous solutions. Intravenous valproate adds flexibility for patients on valproate, allowing patients to be rapidly loaded. In addition, it will prevent patients from having to change seizure medications when intervening medical illness or surgery do not allow medications by mouth. Viscous diazepam solution for rectal administration will allow for safe and effective treatment for seizures at home and will potentially decrease emergency department services and hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0211, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rizkallah
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pellock
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D011355:Prodrugs; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; C043114:fosphenytoin; D003975:Diazepam