title: Role of infrainguinal bypass in Buerger's disease: an eighteen-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of bypass to the distal arteries for patients with Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis or TAO) remains controversial because of the high incidence of graft failure. We retrospectively reviewed the results of 71 bypasses to evaluate their efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed 71 autogenous vein bypasses in 61 patients with TAO. Of the patients, 97% were heavy smokers. The indications for surgery were claudication in 41%, and ischaemic ulcer or gangrene in 59%. Of the bypasses 85% were to the crural arteries or to the arteries below the ankle. The grafts used were 53 single saphenous veins, and 18 venovenous composite grafts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 38 graft failures, the main causes including anastomosis to a diseased artery, disease progression (which occurred in smokers after surgery), and vein graft stenosis. Of 38, 10 were restored to patency by revision surgery. Primary and secondary patency rates were 48.8% and 62.5% at 5 years, and 43.0% and 56.3% at 10 years, respectively. The patency rates of the postoperative non-smoking group was significantly higher than that of the smoking group (66.8% vs. 34.7%, p < 0.05). Thirty-six patients (59%) had successful revascularisation and returned to full-time work. However, of 28 with secondary failure, 11 underwent amputation, while 14 had persistent disabling claudication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bypass to the distal arteries is an effective treatment for TAO patients, and the long-term patency is quite satisfactory as long as patients stop smoking.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation