title: Involvement of cell adhesion and activation molecules in the pathogenesis of erythema dyschromicum perstans (ashy dermatitis). The effect of clofazimine therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the expression of several cell adhesion and lymphocyte activation molecules in erythema dyschromicum perstans lesions, and to evaluate the effect of clofazimine therapy on the expression of these molecules.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study. Skin biopsy samples were obtained from patients before and after 3 months of clofazimine therapy, and the expression of cell adhesion and activation molecules was assessed by an immunohistochemical technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed in a clinical referral center and an immunology research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 6 patients with erythema dyschromicum perstans. A diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and histological criteria. Two patients discontinued participation in the study: one because of adverse effects and the other for unknown reasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with clofazimine, 100 mg/d, for 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of cell adhesion and lymphocyte activation molecules in skin biopsy specimens before and after clofazimine therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before clofazimine therapy, we detected a noticeable expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (HLA-DR) in the keratinocyte basal cell layer. In addition, CD36, a thrombospondin receptor that is not expressed by normal skin, was detected in the strata spinosum and granulosum. The dermal cell infiltrate expressed the activation molecule AIM/CD69 and the cytotoxic cell marker CD94. After clofazimine therapy, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and HLA-DR disappeared, as well as the mononuclear cell infiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that some cell adhesion and activation molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of erythema dyschromicum perstans. Clofazimine appears to have an important effect on the inflammatory phenomenon of erythema dyschromicum perstans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baranda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torres-Alvarez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortes-Franco
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moncada
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Portales-Perez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Amaro
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002991:Clofazimine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004890:Erythema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002991:Clofazimine