title: Multisomatoform disorder. An alternative to undifferentiated somatoform disorder for the somatizing patient in primary care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For clinical or research use in primary care, the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for somatization disorder are too restrictive, while the criteria for undifferentiated somatoform disorder are overly inclusive. In this article, we examine the validity of multisomatoform disorder, defined as 3 or more medically unexplained, currently bothersome physical symptoms plus a long (> or = 2 years) history of somatization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Study of 1000 patients from 4 primary care sites were analyzed. The outcomes assessed were 6 domains of health-related quality of life, using the 20-item Short-Form General Health Survey; self-reported disability days and health care use; satisfaction with care; and physician-rated difficulty of the encounter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multisomatoform disorder was diagnosed in 82 (8.2%) of the 1000 patients who were enrolled in the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Study. Compared with mood and anxiety disorders, multisomatoform disorder was associated with comparable impairment in health-related quality of life, more self-reported disability days and clinic visits, and greater clinician-perceived patient difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multisomatoform disorder may be a valid diagnosis and potentially more useful than the DSM-IV diagnosis of undifferentiated somatoform disorder. Also, because multisomatoform disorder has a large and independent effect on impairment, its diagnosis should not be precluded simply because of a coexisting mood or anxiety disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroenke
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: deGruy
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linzer
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009626:Terminology as Topic