title: Cotton-wool spots and the early diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Giant cell arteritis is a common cause of severe visual loss in older individuals. Patients often present to the ophthalmologist having already lost vision in one eye. Detection of early ophthalmoscopic signs that precede irreversible visual loss in giant cell arteritis would allow preventative treatment in an otherwise frequently blinding disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case presentations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients with mild visual symptoms and results of an ophthalmologic examination significant for cotton-wool spots were found to have giant cell arteritis. On specific questioning, six of seven patients described constitutional symptoms consistent with giant cell arteritis. Six patients had an abnormally elevated Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed giant cell arteritis in six patients. The seventh patient received a diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids led to preservation of vision and uneventful resolution of the cotton-wool spots in all seven patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cotton-wool spots are an early ophthalmoscopic finding in giant cell arteritis and can precede severe visual loss. Recognition of the significance of cotton-wool spots, use of laboratory studies, and prompt treatment may preserve vision in an otherwise frequently blinding disease.
authors.affiliation: Retina Consultants, Ltd, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Melberg
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dieckert
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Barney
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Blumenkranz
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Folk
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stransky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone