title: An increasing prevalence of hearing impairment and associated risk factors over three decades of the Alameda County Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed changes in the prevalence of hearing impairment in persons aged 50 years and older over the past 30 years and identified risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-adjusted hearing impairment prevalence rates at four time intervals were calculated from the Alameda County Study (n = 5108). Logistic regression models analyzed risk factors from 1974 for 1994 incident hearing impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hearing impairment nearly doubled between 1965 and 1994. The increase was significantly greater for men. The higher incidence was associated with potentially high-noise-exposure occupations for men and with symptoms and conditions associated with ototoxic drug use for both men and women. Exercise was protective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the serious health and social consequences of hearing impairment, its increasing prevalence is cause for concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing University of California, San Francisco 94143-0610, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Wallhagen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Strawbridge
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution