Consumption of quercetin and kaempferol in free-living subjects eating a variety of diets.
Quercetin and related flavonoids are anticarcinogenic in rats, but little is known about human intakes. The intake of five major flavonols and flavones was calculated using 1-day dietary records of 17 volunteers from 14 countries, and using both 3-day records and a food frequency questionnaire of eight Dutch adults. Total consumption (+/- SD) was 27.6 +/- 19.5 mg/day in the international subjects, 34.1 +/- 31.2 mg/day in the Dutch adults according to 3-day records, and 41.9 +/- 23.7 mg/day according to questionnaires. Quercetin contributed 68-73%, and kaempferol 22-29%, the major sources being tea and onions. A brief food frequency questionnaire may be a suitable method for ranking individuals by flavonol intake.
de Vries
J H
JH
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. jeanne.devries@et2.voed.wau.nl
Janssen
P L
PL
Hollman
P C
PC
van Staveren
W A
WA
Katan
M B
MB
D000328:Adult; D000490:Allium; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D006801:Humans; D044949:Kaempferols; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D013662:Tea
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D044949:Kaempferols; D013662:Tea; C006552:kaempferol; D011794:Quercetin