title: 9-year HIV-2-associated mortality in an urban community in Bissau, west Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Community studies with 1-3 years of follow-up have reported four to five times higher mortality in HIV-2-infected than in uninfected adults. In a cohort study of HIV-1, an increasing difference in mortality rates of HIV-1-infected and uninfected individuals is expected over time, because of rising mortality with advancing HIV-1 infection. We therefore investigated long-term survival of HIV-2-infected adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults enrolled in 1987 in a community study of HIV-2 infection in Guinea-Bissau were followed up with serological surveys in 1989 and 1992. Survival was assessed in 1995, 9 years after enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual incidence of HIV-2 was 0.7% for adults and tended to be higher for older individuals than for participants aged 15-44 years (relative risk 3.21 [95% CI 0.91-11.37]). With control for age, HIV-2-infected adults had twice as high mortality as uninfected individuals (mortality ratio 2.32 [1.18-4.57]); the mortality ratio was highest in the first year of the study (4.50 [1.31-15.43]). The difference between infected and uninfected individuals was stronger for adults under 45 years of age (mortality ratio 4.72 [1.86-11.97]) than for older people (1.35 [0.51-3.56]). HIV-2-infected individuals living with an infected spouse had significantly higher mortality than HIV-2-infected individuals living with an uninfected spouse (p = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-2-associated mortality is not increasing with length of follow-up. Mortality in HIV-2-infected adults is only twice as high as that in uninfected individuals. In the majority of adults, HIV-2 has no effect on survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aaby
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nauclér
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lisse
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melbye
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006169:Guinea-Bissau / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D015498:HIV-2; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population