Production of cytokines following brain injury: beneficial and deleterious for the damaged tissue.
A profound inflammatory response is initiated immediately following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is characterized by the release of several cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In order to elucidate which cytokines are released in the human brain in response to injury as well as in the peripheral compartment, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta were monitored in CSF and serum of severely brain-injured patients. Furthermore, we investigated the possible modulation of systemic reactions by IL-6 and the ability of IL-6 and IL-8 to promote the synthesis of nerve growth factor.
Morganti-Kossman
M C
MC
Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland. Kossmann@chi.usz.ch
Lenzlinger
P M
PM
Hans
V
V
Stahel
P
P
Csuka
E
E
Ammann
E
E
Stocker
R
R
Trentz
O
O
Kossmann
T
T
D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D051379:Mice; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats
D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors