title: Decreasing smoking prevalence during pregnancy in Sweden: the effect on small-for-gestational-age births.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether recent changes in smoking prevalence among pregnant women have affected risks of small-for-gestational-age births.
  
  
  METHODS
  With data for all live single births in Sweden from 1983 through 1992 (n = 1048139), odds ratios [ORs] and attributable risks of small-for-gestational-age births were calculated for 1983 through 1985, 1986 through 1989, and 1990 through 1992.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily smoking decreased from 29.4% in 1983 to 21.8% in 1992. For the three time periods, the odds ratios of small-for-gestational-age births by maternal smoking were almost identical: 1-9 cigarettes/day OR = 2.1 or 2.2; for > or = 10 cigarettes/day, OR = 2.8. The attributable risk of smoking for small-for-gestational-age births declined from 26.2% in 1983 through 1985 to 20.9% in 1990 through 1992.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings point to a true decrease in tobacco exposure during pregnancy and a reduction in the attributable risk for small-for-gestational-age births.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cnattingius
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haglund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008423:Maternal Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology