title: Chordal transposition for anterior mitral prolapse: early and long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chordal transposition was advocated for correction of anterior mitral prolapse. We have evaluated the early and late results of this technique in different anatomical presentations.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 1995, 185 mitral valve repairs were carried out for pure mitral regurgitation due to a degenerative disease. Eighty-nine patients had either an anterior prolapse (39) or prolapse of both leaflets (50) at initial presentation and underwent chordal transposition from the mural leaflet to the anterior leaflet. The corrective procedure was completed by polytetrafluoroethylene or pericardial posterior annuloplasty. Twenty patients presented a complex pathology and 26 had chordal elongation of mural leaflet. Annular calcifications were found in 9 patients. Seven patients required shortening of transposed chordae and two patients the additional shortening of an anterior chorda.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality was 3.3% and follow-up was 95% complete (average 41 months). There were five postreconstruction valve replacements (two earlier and three later) for a probability of freedom from late reoperation or 3+ mitral regurgitation of 88.6 +/- 4.8% at 5 years. Of the patients 79% presented no or trivial residual MR, 17% moderate MR and 4% severe MR. The presence of a complex pathology or posterior chordal elongation did not influence the entity of postoperative residual regurgitation. On the contrary, the patients with annular calcifications had a residual regurgitation/left atrium area ratio greater than patients without annular calcification (15.8 +/- 11.5% vs. 6.1 + 9.9%; P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chordal transposition is an effective and easily carried out technique for the correction of anterior mitral prolapse. The presence of a complex pathology or posterior chordal elongation do not rule out the procedure. The absence of annular calcification is important in order to obtain a satisfactory correction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, L Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriggia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scrofani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002815:Chordae Tendineae / Q000637:transplantation*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate