title: Effects function simulation of residential appliance field exposures.
abstract: This paper demonstrates the application of effects function analysis to residential magnetic field exposure, focusing on appliance sources and mitigation choices. Residential field exposure time series were synthesized by using a sample of background household field measurements, a model of average daily appliance use, and a small sample of EMDEX data of field exposure from 12 household strength window, sudden field changes) were simulated by using the synthesized time series data for different exposure situations, such as high and low levels of appliance use, simple avoidance, and use of a set of hypothetical "low field" appliances (50% lower fields). In particular, field exposure from the use of bedside clocks and electric blankets was examined. Results demonstrate that the choice of effects function is critical for the ranks of field sources and exposure reduction choices. For the effects function of average field strength with or without a threshold, exposure from background fields dominated exposure from all appliances except for bedside clocks and electric blankets. In the case of the field strength window effects function, the dominant field sources changed with the width of the window. For the effects function based on rapid field changes, appliance use was the major source of exposure. Because of the small sample of our data set and other simplifications, specific results should be viewed as illustrative.
authors.affiliation: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000592:standards; D004559:Electric Wiring; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006794:Household Articles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008962:Models, Theoretical