title: Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are rare tumors that can be classified as APU-Domas (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation). They can be subdivided into the carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal submucosa and the islet cell endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Although the majority of tumors that become clinically apparent are malignant, they are frequently slow growing. Despite this, neuroendocrine tumors may generate disabling hormonal syndromes requiring aggressive treatment to achieve palliation. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumors has led to better radiographic imaging and more accurate localization techniques. Medical therapies with somatostatin analogues, omeprazole, and locoregional tumor ablation have made a positive impact on curative and palliative therapy. This review updates the recent efforts made in the radiographic imaging and therapeutics of the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pelley
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D007516:Adenoma, Islet Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000097:blood; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D008026:Ligation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D015282:Octreotide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D009384:Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C071632:SDZ 215-811; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D015282:Octreotide