title: A single Drosophila melanogaster myosin light chain kinase gene produces multiple isoforms whose activities are differently regulated.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) specifically phosphorylates the myosin regulatory light chain in a calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM)-dependent manner in animal cells. The roles of MLCK are not fully understood, particularly in nonmuscle cells. Therefore, we cloned and characterized a Drosophila MLCK gene as the first step in a genetic analysis of this process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four transcripts are produced from this gene. These transcripts encode at least three isoforms (isoform-I, -II and -III), which share a kinase domain, a fibronectin type III motif and an immunoglobulin C2 motif. However, regulatory regions differ between isoform-I/II and -III due to the alternative splicing of the exon encoding a CaM-binding domain. As a result, isoform-I and -II are Ca2+/CaM-dependent forms, whereas isoform-III is a Ca2+/CaM-independent form. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization showed that the expressions of these isoforms are distinctly regulated in stage- and tissue-dependent manners. Isoform-I seems to be expressed ubiquitously, while isoform-III is expressed predominantly in muscle tissues. In contrast to these isoforms, isoform-II is specific to late pupa and adult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Drosophila, a single MLCK gene produces multiple isoforms whose regulatory regions and expression patterns are different. These differences suggest various cellular functions of MLCK in Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002147:Calmodulin; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D005091:Exons; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007438:Introns; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase