title: Vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange and transforming growth factor--beta-2 for the treatment of traumatic macular holes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether vitreous surgery is successful in closing full-thickness traumatic macular holes and whether there is subsequent improvement in visual acuity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve eyes from 12 consecutive patients with traumatic macular holes underwent vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange and instillation of bovine or recombinant transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-2. Three of four eyes underwent repeat vitrectomy with TGF-beta-2 after the initial procedure failed to close the macular hole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (92%) of 12 eyes had closure of the macular hole. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 33 months. Visual acuity improved by 2 or more lines in 8 (67%) of 12 eyes. Six (50%) of 12 eyes improved to 20/40 or better. All 3 eyes that underwent reoperation had successful closure of the macular hole and achieved 2 or more lines of visual improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of full-thickness traumatic macular holes with vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange, and TGF-beta-2 may result in successful anatomic closure and visual improvement.
authors.affiliation: Retina Institute of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Sjaarda
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000388:Air; D002648:Child; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012086:Reoperation; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C042852:perflutren