title: The presence of complete but masked freezing nuclei in various artificially constructed ice nucleation-active proteobacteria.
abstract: Disparate gamma-subdivision proteobacteria artificially endowed with the same ice gene of enteric origin acquired water-freezing potential at -12 degrees C, but expressed it to varying extents under identical conditions of culture as well as after being subjected to certain post-culture treatments. Varying rates of cell-bound ice nucleus synthesis were probably not the root cause of these observed interspecies differences in nucleation-active cell frequency because potentially functional but masked ice-forming templates were found in the outer cell envelope of even initially inactive individuals taken from physiologically uniform populations of virtually all tested species. We therefore propose that the extent of bacterial ice nucleation generally reflects species-specified extent of ice nucleus sequestration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yankofsky
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004885:Erwinia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005615:Freezing; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007053:Ice; D009070:Moxalactam / Q000494:pharmacology; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003902:Detergents; D007053:Ice; C063113:ice nucleation protein; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D009070:Moxalactam; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide