title: Tumor quantitation and monitoring in whole-body planar technetium-99m-sestamibi imaging.
abstract: We have developed a completely automatic software package to normalize, rigidly register and elastically match serial whole-body planar images from patients with limb tumors. Variations in tumor uptake and size are analyzed and quantitated by the software.
  
  
  METHODS
  The software consists of a chain of modules incorporating several automatic algorithms. A rigid registration algorithm aligns images by translation and rotation based on feature points corresponding to the patient's neck and bladder. An elastic matching algorithm generates a grid for each image in a sequence by combining thresholding and local feature analysis in the head, torso and leg regions. A linear warping algorithm then interpolates pixel values and locations to make the grid points in all images coincide with the grid points of one of them (the reference image). All images in a sequence are normalized based on brain uptake. Quantitation of tumor uptake and size is performed in all images using an ROI automatically determined from a single user-selected seed point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The software was tested on four 2-image and one 3-image sequences from five patients (11 images). Quantitative measurements of body contour overlap show an average intrasequence agreement of 73.4%, 78.7% and 91.5% for unregistered, rigidly registered and rigidly registered + matched images, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method represents an objective, quantitative tool to measure tumor activity in sequential whole-body scintigraphic images, and may help assess tumor response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Imaging, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Van Kriekinge
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Germano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forscher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Waxman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001132:Arm; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007866:Leg; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012984:Software; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi