title: Development of a finite element model of the middle ear.
abstract: A representative finite element model of the healthy ear is developed commencing with a description of the decoupled isotropic tympanic membrane. This model was shown to vibrate in a manner similar to that found both numerically (1, 2) and experimentally (8). The introduction of a fibre system into the membrane matrix significantly altered the modes of vibration. The first mode "remains as a piston like movement as for the isotropic membrane. However, higher modes show a simpler vibration pattern similar to the second mode but with a varying axis of movement and lower amplitudes. The introduction of a malleus and incus does not change the natural frequencies or mode shapes of the membrane for certain support conditions. When constraints are imposed along the ossicular chain by simulation of a cochlear impedance term then significantly altered modes can occur. More recently a revised model of the ear has been developed by the inclusion of the outer ear canal. This discretisation uses geometries extracted from a Nuclear Magnetic resonance scan of a healthy subject and a crude inner ear model using stiffness parameters ultimately fixed through a parameter tuning process. The subsequently tuned model showed behaviour consistent with previous findings and should provide a good basis for subsequent modelling of diseased ears and assessment of the performance of middle ear prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Dental Science, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, South Wales, UK.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Blayney
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological