title: A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effectiveness of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in depressive illness in postnatal women: to compare fluoxetine and placebo, six sessions and one session of counselling, and combinations of drugs and counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, controlled treatment trial, double blind in relation to drug treatment, with four treatment cells: fluoxetine or placebo plus one or six sessions of counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  87 women satisfying criteria for depressive illness 6-8 weeks after childbirth, 61 (70%) of whom completed 12 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community based study in south Manchester.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychiatric morbidity after 1, 4, and 12 weeks, measured as mean scores and 95% confidence limits on the revised clinical interview schedule, the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and the Hamilton depression scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highly significant improvement was seen in all four treatment groups. The improvement in subjects receiving fluoxetine was significantly greater than in those receiving placebo. The improvement after six sessions of counselling was significantly greater than after a single session. Interaction between counselling and fluoxetine was not statistically significant. These differences were evident after one week, and improvement in all groups was complete after four weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling given as a course of therapy are effective treatments for non-psychotic depression in postnatal women. After an initial session of counselling, additional benefit results from either fluoxetine or further counselling but there seems to be no advantage in receiving both. The choice of treatment may therefore be made by the women themselves.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, Withington Hospital.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whitton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faragher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D005473:Fluoxetine