title: Formulation of a charcoal suspension for intratumor injection. Part 1: Study of the nature, granulometry, and concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a charcoal suspension formulation to be injected intratumorally so that human breast cancers can be tatooed prior to chemotherapy. This deposit is intended to guide the surgeon at the time of the biopsy and resection, especially when the tumor nodule is not visible. The stain should remain in the tumor as long as the patient is on chemotherapy and should be harmless.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied on the effect on the nature of the charcoal, its granulometric profile, and its concentration. We then measured diffusion in vitro, in gel, and in vivo in experimental tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The formulation selected was prepared with a peal charcoal suspension in water for parenteral injections, with 50% of the particles measuring on average between 2 and 5 microns. The finest particles (< 2 microns) seem to produce the greatest in vitro diffusion and are more readily phagocyted by macrophages and thus eliminated from the tumor by those cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This charcoal suspension has satisfactory formulation characteristics and diffuses the least, be it in vitro or in vivo, mainly due to the granulometric distribution of the suspension.
authors.affiliation: Département de Pharmacie, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonhomme-Faivre
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grossiord
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Depreatere
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Couarraze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orbach-Arbouys
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puisieux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010316:Particle Size; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D013535:Suspensions; D002606:Charcoal