title: The effect of chronic cocaine exposure throughout pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes in the rhesus monkey.
abstract: To explore the effects of gestational cocaine exposure in a nonhuman primate model, pregnant rhesus monkeys were either treated (N = 10) with escalating doses of cocaine up to 7.5 mg/kg (IM), three times per day, 5 consecutive days per week, prior to conception and throughout gestation, or were not treated (N = 10) with cocaine at all. Substantial levels of both cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, were observed in samples of hair taken at birth from mothers and infants of the cocaine-treated group. Despite these differences in cocaine exposure, the experimental groups did not differ significantly with respect to maternal outcome, as measured by body weight again during pregnancy and length of pregnancy. On the other hand, the experimental groups did differ significantly with respect to infant outcome, as measured at birth by body weight, overall length, and crown circumference, all of which were decreased in the cocaine-treated group. A variety of reflexes tested at birth were normal in the cocaine-treated group. It was concluded that, in a rhesus monkey model, chronic cocaine exposure throughout pregnancy had no significant effect on maternal outcome, but did significantly affect infant outcome as assessed in this investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. pmorris@nctr.fda.gov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Binienda
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gillam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McMartin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Duhart
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Slikker
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Paule
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009294:Narcotics / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine