title: Increased dopamine activity associated with stuttering.
abstract: Position emission tomography using 6-FDOPA as a marker of presynaptic dopaminergic activity was used to investigate the role of the dopamine system in stuttering. Three patients with moderate to severe developmental stuttering were compared with six normal controls. Stuttering subjects showed significantly higher 6-FDOPA uptake than normal controls in medial prefrontal cortex, deep orbital cortex, insular cortex, extended amygdala, auditory cortex and caudate tail. Elevated 6-FDOPA uptake in ventral limbic cortical and subcortical regions is compatible with the hypothesis that stuttering is associated with an overactive presynaptic dopamine system in brain regions that modulate verbalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keator
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najafi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012016:Reference Values; D013342:Stuttering / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C043437:fluorodopa F 18; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D004298:Dopamine