title: Oral contraception and the recognition of endometritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral contraceptive use has been associated with a lower risk of symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease but a higher risk of chlamydial cervicitis. To explain these seemingly contradictory findings, we asked whether oral contraceptive use was more common among women with unrecognized endometritis than among women with recognized endometritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter case-control study was performed. Women without signs of pelvic inflammatory disease were ascertained through contact tracing of partners with sexually transmitted diseases or through presentation with cervicitis. Women with symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease met a set of standard clinical criteria. We compared the 43 cases without signs of pelvic inflammatory disease but with endometritis ("unrecognized endometritis") with the 111 controls with recognized pelvic inflammatory disease and endometritis ("recognized endometritis").
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with unrecognized endometritis were 4.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 11.7) more likely than women with recognized endometritis to use oral contraceptives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies need to fully characterize the risks and benefits of oral contraceptives in relation to sexually transmitted diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Keder
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Soper
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Amortegui
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gluck
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiesenfeld
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peipert
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Donegan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanbour-Shakir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004716:Endometritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral