title: Attenuation of the haemodynamic responses to noxious stimuli in patients undergoing cataract surgery. A comparison of magnesium sulphate, esmolol, lignocaine, nitroglycerine and placebo given i.v. with induction of anaesthesia.
abstract: A study was conducted on 100 middle-aged to elderly patients (n = 52, healthy; n = 48, suffering from either diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease or a combination of these diseases) undergoing cataract extraction to assess the effects of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, anaesthesia and surgery, eye bandaging and tracheal extubation, saline (control), magnesium sulphate 40 mg kg-1, esmolol 4.0 mg kg-1, lignocaine 1.5 mg kg-1 and glyceryl trinitrate 7.5 micrograms kg-1 given i.v. at induction of anaesthesia on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rate-pressure product (RPP) and pressure-rate quotient (PRQ). Anaesthesia was standardized. Haemodynamic responses and requirements for atropine, ephedrine and labetalol to maintain HR and BP during surgery were similar in healthy and diseased patients, and in the test drug groups. Differences produced by the test drugs were evident until 5 min following intubation. Esmolol prevented rises in HR and RPP. Glyceryl trinitrate prevented a rise in BP, but was associated with tachycardia and a fall in PRQ to < 1.0. Magnesium sulphate and lignocaine did not prevent responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and were associated with rises in RPP. Application of the eye dressing and tracheal extubation at the end of surgery each caused significant increases in HR, BP and RPP in all groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Savva
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Honjol
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D008012:Lidocaine; D005996:Nitroglycerin; C036604:esmolol