title: Associations between body morphology and microalbuminuria in healthy middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Island New Zealanders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between albuminuria and measures of body morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of European, Maori and Pacific Island workers aged 40 y and over.
  
  
  METHODS
  3960 non-diabetic, non-hypertensive, non-lipidaemic, non-proteinuric middle-aged men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Height, weight, waist, hip, fasting and 2 h glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urinary creatinine and urinary albumin measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age and gender, the relative risks (95% confidence interval) of microalbuminuria were 4.87-fold (3.10-7.64) higher in Maori, and 4.96-fold (3.40-7.24) higher in Pacific Islanders compared to European New Zealanders. In contrast, age and gender adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for high albumin:creatinine ratios were 6.38 (4.27, 9.53) in Maori and 5.14 (3.54, 7.48) in Pacific Islanders compared to European workers. Workers with microalbuminuria had higher urinary creatinine concentrations than those with urinary albumin in the normal range. Age and gender adjusted partial correlation coefficients between urinary albumin concentrations and the inverse of urinary creatinine concentrations were highest in European and Maori workers. Apart from Pacific islanders, urinary creatinine concentrations accounted for over 20% of the variation in urinary albumin concentrations in healthy individuals. Other independent predictors of urinary albumin concentrations were waist measurements, short stature and body mass index in Europeans and Pacific Islanders, and systolic blood pressure levels and gender in Europeans. After adjusting for age, gender, waist, height, 2 h glucose, urinary creatinine, systolic blood pressure and body mass index Maori and Pacific Islanders still had significantly higher urinary albumin concentrations than Europeans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary creatinine concentrations were significantly associated with urinary albumin concentrations in all ethnic groups, and, with the exception of Pacific Islanders, accounted for a large proportion of the variation in urinary albumin concentrations in healthy individuals. Urinary albumin concentrations were associated with measures of obesity and short stature in Europeans and Pacific Islanders, and systolic blood pressure levels and gender in Europeans. However, measures of body morphology did not completely explain the higher urinary albumin concentrations in Maori or Pacific Islanders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Scragg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dryson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001824:Body Constitution; D001827:Body Height; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009520:New Zealand; D010139:Pacific Islands / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine