title: The T cell activation factor NF-ATc positively regulates HIV-1 replication and gene expression in T cells.
abstract: Clinical deterioration in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with increased levels of viral replication and burden in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. T cell activation and ensuing cellular gene activation can be critical for HIV-1 replication. The hypothesis that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) may influence HIV-1 replication is therefore compelling given the tight correlation of HIV-1 transcriptional induction to T cell activation. We report that certain NF-AT(Rel) family members productively bind the kappaB regulatory elements, synergize with NF-kappaB and Tat in transcriptional activation of HIV-1, and enhance HIV-1 replication in T cells. These results link regulatory factors critical to T cell commitment directly to HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneshima
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Nolan
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494003:NFATC1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors