title: Estimates of infectious disease risk factors in US blood donors. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals who do not respond accurately to questions about infectious disease risk factors at the time of blood donation represent a potential threat to the safety of the blood supply. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of undetected behavioral and other risks in current blood donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous mail surveys to collect demographic, medical, and behavioral information were administered to individuals who had donated blood within the previous 2 months. Sampling weights were used in the analysis to adjust for differential sampling and response rates among demographic groups to provide prevalence estimates for the donor population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five geographically and demographically diverse US blood centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified probability sample of 50,162 allogeneic blood donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimated prevalence rates for risk behaviors that would have been a basis for deferral if reported at the time of the donor screening interview (deferrable risk).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed questionnaires were received for 34,726 donors (69.2% of the sample). A total of 186 per 10,000 respondents (1.9%) reported a deferrable risk that was present at the time of their past donation, while 39 per 10,000 (0.4%) reported this behavior within the 3 months prior to donation. Rates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of deferrable risk behaviors were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2-1.6) times higher for men than women, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) times higher for first-time vs repeat donors, 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0-3.6) times higher for donors with reactive screening tests, and 7.6 (95% CI, 3.6-15.8) times higher for donors who used the confidential unit exclusion option.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high degree of transfusion safety in the United States today, a measurable percentage of active blood donors when assessed by anonymous survey report risks for human immunodeficiency virus and other infections not reported at the time of screening, suggesting the need for further refinements in the blood donor qualification process.
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Blood Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bethel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Nemo
mesh_terms: D001771:Blood Banks / Q000592:standards*; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology