title: Differences in DNA methylation patterns are detectable during the dimorphic transition of fungi by amplification of restriction polymorphisms.
abstract: A modification of the amplified fragment length polymorphism technique was developed for the determination of DNA methylation in dimorphic fungi representative of three of the major fungal taxa: Mucor rouxii, a zygomycete; Yarrowia lipolytica, an ascomycete; and Ustilago maydis, a basidiomycete. DNA obtained from the yeast or mycelial stages of the fungi was digested with a mixture of EcoRI, and one of the isoschizomers MspI and HpaII, whose ability to cleave at the sequence CpCpGpG is affected by the methylation state. The resulting fragments were ligated to primers and subjected to a double round of amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, radiolabeled in the second round, and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of patterns revealed differences indicative of fragments whose methylation state did or did not change during the dimorphic transition. These results indicate the usefulness of the method for the study of DNA methylation, demonstrate the universality of DNA methylation in fungi, and confirm that differential DNA methylation occurs during fungal morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Reyna-López
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Herrera
mesh_terms: D019175:DNA Methylation; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D009089:Mucor / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000235:genetics*; D014588:Ustilago / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII