title: Relationship of organizational characteristics of Canadian workplaces to anti-smoking initiatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Canada, with universal single-payer health care insurance and a lower proportion of the gross domestic product going to health care costs, employers may be less motivated than their U.S. counterparts to develop health promotion programs for their employees. This study determined the extent to which nongovernmental workplaces in Canada have made smoking-related information, policies, and programs available to their employees. Several characteristics of those workplaces most likely to have engaged in such activities were identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis of data collected in the 1992 National Workplace Survey was conducted. All Canadian provinces, except Saskatchewan, were included. Dunn and Bradstreet's register of companies was used to select companies randomly from those with 20 or more employees. Questionnaires were distributed to 10000 workplaces. The response rate was 35.5% (N = 3,549). There were no significant differences found between responders and nonresponders in a phone survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-half of workplaces reported some kind of smoking-related initiative. Most of the initiatives were smoking policies; only 11.7% of workplaces provided smoking cessation programs. The number of employees and the number of other lifestyle and occupational health and safety programs available are most predictive of smoking-related programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If Canadians are going to achieve a smoke-free society, greater efforts to assist smokers to quit will be necessary. The workplace provides an excellent opportunity for such efforts. Health promotion advocates must communicate the cost savings and other benefits to employers garnered from workplace smoking reduction efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Frankish
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lovato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003132:Commerce / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011640:Public Policy; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration