title: Applications of the ion-pair concept to hydrophilic substances with special emphasis on peptides.
abstract: Previous investigations have shown that ionic drugs with high aqueous solubilities can be lipophilized by ion-pair formation, with appropriate counter-ions. This type of association may prove promising for several biopharmaceutical, analytical and technological applications. This review examines the ion-pair concept with special emphasis on its application to peptides. The conditions for ion-pair formation of different molecules, as well as their transfer to organic solvents, are described. The use of ion-pairs to increase the permeation of various therapeutic agents, including peptidic drugs, is also discussed. Recent uses of ion-pairs in micro- and nanoencapsulation of peptides are also commented upon.
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Centre Geneva-Lyon, Archamps, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quintanar-Guerrero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allémann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fessi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doelker
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D004339:Drug Compounding; D007477:Ions; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010539:Permeability; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D010455:Peptides; D012996:Solutions