title: Combined intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet for children with recurrent cytomegalovirus retinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis may not complain of symptoms despite the presence of advanced sight-threatening disease. Although little data exist regarding CMV retinitis in this population, the treatment of this disease may be difficult because of frequent, extensive recurrences after reduction of drug dose from induction to maintenance levels. The authors reported the results of the use of combined ganciclovir and foscarnet for treatment of recurrent CMV retinitis in three children with AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three children with recurrent CMV retinitis were treated with combined ganciclovir and foscarnet administered intravenously. All patients initially received induction dosages of ganciclovir followed by maintenance therapy, at which time they experienced reactivation of their disease. The dosing regimen for induction with the combined therapy was foscarnet (60 mg/kg every 8 hours) and ganciclovir (5 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks). Maintenance with combined therapy consisted of foscarnet (90 mg/ kg daily) and ganciclovir (5 mg/kg daily).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients showed complete healing of the retinitis during the first 3 weeks of combined therapy. Median survival after initiation of combined therapy was 15 weeks (range, 12-33 weeks). None of the children experienced reactivation of CMV retinitis during combined therapy with ganciclovir and foscarnet. Combined therapy was well tolerated in all patients without major side effects. No patient required discontinuation or interruption of either drug during combined therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with recurrent CMV retinitis may not report visual symptoms, which can delay therapeutic intervention. Therefore, recurrent disease in children should be treated aggressively to avoid potentially devastating visual loss. A combination of ganciclovir and foscarnet appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for treatment of recurrent CMV retinitis in children with AIDS. This approach causes no additional toxic reactions and may provide improved long-term control of recurrent CMV retinitis in children.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Whitcup
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017245:Foscarnet; D015774:Ganciclovir