title: Bony vibration stimulation test combined with magnetic resonance imaging. Can discography be replaced?
abstract: METHODS
  The results of two noninvasive methods, magnetic resonance imaging and a bony vibration test, were compared with discographic pain provocation findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the combination of magnetic resonance imaging and vibration pain provocation tests could be used to replace discography in low back pain diagnostics.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance imaging gives a wealth of visual information on anatomic changes of the spine with often unknown clinical significance. Discographic examination of the spine is still the only widely accepted diagnostic method that can relate the pathoanatomic changes to the patient's clinical pain. Internal anular rupture has been shown to be one of the sources of back pain. The bony vibration test of the spinal processes has been shown correlate well with discographic pain provocation tests in cases of internal anular rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three lowest lumbar discs of 33 patients with back pain were examined by means of magnetic resonance imaging and a bony vibration stimulation test, and the results were compared with those from computed tomography-discography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cases of intradiscal magnetic resonance imaging findings, the vibration provocation test showed a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.50 compared with the discographic pain provocation test. If the patients with previous back surgery were excluded, the specificity was 0.75. In the cases of total anular rupture, the sensitivity was 0.50, and the specificity was 0.33.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of the two noninvasive methods, vibration stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging, gives more information on the origin of the back pain than magnetic resonance imaging alone. The pathoanatomic changes seen in magnetic resonance imaging can be correlated with the patient's disorder more reliably using the vibration provocation test in the cases of partial anular ruptures. The use of discography can be limited mostly to cases with total anular ruptures detected by magnetic resonance imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, Oulu University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yrjämä
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tervonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurunlahti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vanharanta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012421:Rupture; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014732:Vibration