title: HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in needle exchange attenders: a national study. The Collaboration of Australian Needle Exchanges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether needle and syringe exchange programs represent feasible sites to describe the prevalence of HIV and related risk behaviour among injecting drug users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 needle and syringe exchange programs in all Australian jurisdictions.
  
  
  METHODS
  All persons attending the needle and syringe exchange programs over one week in March 1995 were eligible to participate in the study once.
  
  
  METHODS
  Needle and syringe exchange attenders were asked to complete a brief, self-administered questionnaire and provide a finger-prick blood sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of HIV antibody, drug injecting and sexual behaviour, and survey cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed questionnaires with blood samples suitable for testing were provided by 1005 (42%) of 2373 individuals who attended the needle and syringe exchange programs during the survey week. Women were more likely than men to participate in the survey but there was no difference in the response rate by age group. The HIV prevalence was 2.1% and was significantly higher in men who described themselves as homosexual, compared to men who described themselves as heterosexual (22.5% v. 0.7%; P < 0.001). Thirty-one per cent of respondents reported using a syringe after someone else in the preceding month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional surveys of needle exchange clients offer a practical method for monitoring risk behaviour and seroprevalence of bloodborne viral infections.
authors.affiliation: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, NSW.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wodak
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crofts
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelaher
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Loxley
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Beek
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaldor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires