title: Evaluation and treatment of gynecomastia.
abstract: Gynecomastia is a proliferation of the glandular component of the male breast. Causes include altered estrogen-androgen levels, aging, puberty, chronic disease, tumors and drugs. The physician must determine whether the condition has a physiologic or pathologic cause. Pubertal gynecomastia is generally physiologic and regresses without treatment. The likelihood of pathology is increased in patients over 26 years of age who present with new-onset gynecomastia. A thorough history, a complete physical examination and an appropriate clinical evaluation facilitate the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, California, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Neuman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty