title: A comparison of three regional anaesthesia techniques for outpatient knee arthroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare intraoperative conditions and postoperative pain control of three peripheral regional anaesthesia techniques for outpatient knee arthroscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomized to one of three groups. Group 1A received portal injections (10 ml lidocaine 1%), intraarticular lidocaine (20 ml CO2 lidocaine 2% with 1/200,000 adrenaline) and a placebo femoral nerve block (20 ml saline). Group FNB received a femoral 3-in-1 nerve block (20 ml chloroprocaine 2% with 1/200,000 adrenaline), placebo portal injections (10 ml saline) and placebo intraarticular saline (20 ml saline with 1/200,000 adrenaline). Group FNB + IA received a femoral 3-in-1 nerve block, intraarticular lidocaine and placebo portal injections. The following were assessed: intraoperative pain (10 cm VAS: 0 = no pain, 10 = extreme pain), surgical operating conditions (1 = excellent, 4 = unacceptable), intraoperative use of sedation and analgesia, time to discharge, patient satisfaction score (1 = very satisfied, 5 very unsatisfied) and postoperative analgesia. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests as appropriate, P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences among the groups regarding any of the variables tested. Considerable post-operative pain (VAS > or = 5) was experienced by 20/54 (37%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Any of the three anaesthetic techniques tested provide reliable intraoperative patient and surgical conditions for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Patient discomfort postoperatively was considerable in all groups and requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon City Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Goranson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Dust
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKerrell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005267:Femoral Nerve; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009407:Nerve Block; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010351:Patient Discharge; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010919:Placebos; D011343:Procaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010919:Placebos; D011343:Procaine; C004616:chloroprocaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl