title: Practical application of non-whole animal alternatives: summary of IRAG workshop on eye irritation testing. Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group.
abstract: In November 1993, the Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group (IRAG) sponsored a workshop to examine the current scientific status of alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test by assessing the current practical application of methods used to predict in vivo eye irritation. Laboratories from around the world were invited to submit detailed in vitro and in vivo data in parallel according to a specific set of guidelines in a consistent format. In vitro scores were compared with individual tissue scores. Over 60 data sets from 41 laboratories were received for 29 different test methods. Methods were grouped into five categories: organotypic models, chorioallantoic membrane-based assays, cell function-based assays, cytotoxicity assays and other systems. Data submissions and correlation analyses have been used to demonstrate the application of guidelines in method evaluations. Findings are summarized and future directions are indicated. A significant outcome of the workshop was the co-operation demonstrated among representatives of industry, academia and government in sharing test data on more than 2000 chemicals, products and product formulations for evaluation by their peers. Information obtained from this workshop will add to the weight of scientific evidence and scientific consensus about in vitro test methods and will establish credibility for regulatory acceptance of non-whole animal alternatives for ocular irritation.
authors.affiliation: US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradlaw
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants