title: Oxygen venous embolism after the use of hydrogen peroxide during lumbar discectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The knee-prone position is commonly used for patients undergoing spinal surgery. Venous air embolism in such a position may be produced by the negative venous pressure gradient between the ambient air and the venous plexuses of the spinous process. When hydrogen peroxide is used to cleanse the wound, oxygen is produced. We report a case of suspected oxygen venous embolism during lumbar discectomy in the knee-prone position after use of H2O2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immediately after irrigation of a discectomy wound with H2O2, a dramatic decrease of the PETCO2, blood pressure and oxygen saturation coincident with ST segment elevation occurred suggesting a coronary gas embolism. Symptomatic treatment was initiated immediately and the patient recovered without any sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although hydrogen peroxide has an innocuous reputation, cases of accidental ingestion or massive gas embolism after wound irrigation leading to death have been reported. A review of the literature suggests that many of the clinical and physiopathological features of air and oxygen emboli are similar. For both, measures of prevention and treatment of complications are similar. We argue that the use of hydrogen peroxide should be avoided during procedures where the position of the patient (sitting, knee-prone) increases the risk of gas embolism and that hydrogen peroxide is a potentially dangerous solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Despond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiset
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000399:Air Pressure; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007717:Knee; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D016684:Prone Position; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014680:Veins; D014690:Venous Pressure
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010100:Oxygen