title: Differentiation of mesenchymal limb bud cells to chondrocytes in alginate beads.
abstract: Many in vitro models of embryonic material used for the cultivation of chondrocytes yield mixed cultures consisting of chondrocytes and fibroblast-like cells. For the optimization of cartilage cell cultures, alginate, a semisolid medium, was employed to obtain pure chondrocyte cultures. Isolated mesenchymal cells from 12-day-old mouse limb buds were grown in alginate for up to 4 weeks. A sub-population of the cells differentiated to chondrocytes and exhibited a stable phenotype until the end of the culture period. After 3 to 4 days a cartilage-specific matrix started to develop. Fibroblast-like cells from this mixed culture did not survive; they became necrotic. When alginate was later on dissolved by chelating agents, only chondrocytes were isolated. During dissolution of alginate and centrifugation, chondrocytes did not lose their contact with their new matrix present on their surfaces. Cultivation of these chondrocytes or chondrones in mass culture yields a pure chondrocyte population. Immunoelectron microscopic investigations revealed collagen type II, fibronectin, decorin and chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycans in the chondrocyte capsules and in mass culture.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shakibaei
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Souza
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D046508:Culture Techniques; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; C546879:Dcn protein, mouse; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011509:Proteoglycans; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D003094:Collagen