title: Which depressed patients will respond to interpersonal psychotherapy? The role of abnormal EEG sleep profiles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors tested the hypothesis that patients whose episodes of major depression evidenced more neurobiological disturbance would be less responsive to psychotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were outpatients who were given a diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder (unipolar or bipolar II), according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria, following an interview with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. They were classified into a group with normal sleep profiles (N = 50) and a group with abnormal sleep profiles (N = 41) on the basis of a validated index score derived from three EEG sleep variables monitored for 2 nights: sleep efficiency, REM latency, and REM density. The groups' responses to short-term interpersonal psychotherapy were compared by means of chi-square tests and life table and random effects model analyses. Responses to the addition of pharmacotherapy for subjects who did not respond to interpersonal psychotherapy were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with abnormal sleep profiles had significantly poorer clinical outcomes with respect to symptom ratings, attrition rates, and remission rates than the patients with more normal sleep profiles. Seventy-five percent of the patients who did not respond to interpersonal psychotherapy had remissions during subsequent pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings help to define further a neurobiological "boundary" that may limit response to psychotherapy in depression. An abnormal sleep profile may reflect a more marked disturbance of CNS arousal that warrants pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thase
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cornes
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mallinger
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents