title: The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of two application schedules with high-dose VP-16 in patients receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Etoposide is one of the few drugs being used in conditioning regimens because of the ease with which its dosage can be escalated by a factor of 6 compared to the normal dose. The best schedule in high-dose chemotherapy is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of high-dose VP-16 during two different schedules (6-hour and 3 x 1-hour infusions) and the toxicity of the two application modes in patients with leukemia who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference (p = 0.008) in the volume of distribution at steady state was observed. The mean Vss was 0.21 L/kg in the 6-hour group and 0.36 in the 3 x 1-hour group. The total drug exposure time with plasma levels > 100 ng/ml is significantly longer in the 'split' group (74 vs. 143 h). Other PK parameters such as plasma clearance and area under the curve were not significantly different. Leukocyte recovery to WBC levels > 0.2 and > 0.5/nl as well as platelet recovery to stable counts > 50/nl was significantly (p = 0.002, 0.009 and 0.04) prolonged in the 'split' group (3.7 vs. 12.3, 8.3 vs. 14.3 and 25 vs. 35 d). The liver toxicity as indicated by bilirubin peak levels was significantly (p = 0.02) more severe in the 'split' group (1.7 vs. 5.4 mg/dl).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The area under the curve as a measure of total drug exposure cannot be correlated to the observed higher toxicity in the patient group with the 'split' application mode. The drug exposure time as well as the three high peak plasma levels may be more important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division Oncology and Hematology Bone Marrow Translantation Unit, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mross
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reifke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bewermeier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hossfeld
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zander
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002066:Busulfan