title: Carbohydrate handling in exercising muscle of obese Zucker rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the differential substrate utilization of substrates by exercising muscle and in the fatigued state in lean and obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were treadmill-exercised until fatigued, when their oxygen consumption increased by 1.85 x factor. Blood and hind leg tissue (muscle and skin) were sampled at intervals during exercise and recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lean and obese adult Zucker female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three series of rats were used to determine hind-leg glucose, lactate and oxygen arterio-venous balances, blood flow and muscle levels of glucose, hexose-P, glycogen, lactate and skin lactate. The rates of glycosyl unit flow during exercise and recovery were then calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In obese rats, exercising muscle showed higher glucose uptake, increased glycogen mobilization and lower lactate production than in the lean. In the obese rats' muscle, there were more glycosyl units available for oxidative metabolism. Excess glycosyl (or 3C) units were used probably for lipid synthesis. Lean rats managed their glycosyl units more efficiently, stretching the available glycogen, thus prolonging the exercise. During recovery, obese rats massively synthesized glycogen and lowered lactate efflux, which left only a few glycosyl units to oxidative metabolism; probably the rest of oxidative energy was derived from lipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In lean rats glucose is the main source of muscle energy during exercise and recovery, whereas obese rats use glucose during exercise, and probably synthesize lipid during exercise. Obese rats rely more on lipids for energy during recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardévol
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adán
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Remesar
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández-López
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alemany
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen