title: Comparison of Visual and Tactile Localization of the Trocar Tip During Abdominal Entry
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether video-aided visual imaging during the laparoscopic trocar insertion process will improve the surgeon's ability to localize the sharp penetrating tip of the instrument. A newly described visually directed laparoscopic trocar was used for insertion in 184 subjects to correlate visual localization of the tip of the trocar with the accuracy of the conventional tactile sensory approach. In 164 of the 184 cases the fascia was recognized visually at the same time as the surgeon acknowledged tactile resistance. However, partial intraabdominal penetration was noted in 102 of these cases just before the anticipated loss of resistance could be felt manually. More importantly, in 20 women there was no subjective manual confirmation of the tip location by the time intraabdominal placement of the trocar was visually confirmed. In this limited series there were no multiple insertions or complications under visually directed trocar entry. Video-aided direct visualization improves the surgeon's ability to localize the tip of the trocar throughout the insertion process. It may help the surgeon in recognizing and possibly avoiding some intraabdominal organ injuries.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 88 Ashford Avenue, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522.
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kaali
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barad
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Merkatz