title: [99mTc]TRODAT-1: a novel technetium-99m complex as a dopamine transporter imaging agent.
abstract: Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide in routine nuclear medicine imaging procedures. Development of 99mTc-labeled receptor-specific imaging agents for studying the central nervous system is potentially useful for evaluation of brain function in normal and disease states. A novel 99mTc-labeled tropane derivative, [99mTc]TRODAT-1, which is useful as a potential CNS dopamine transporter imaging agent, was evaluated and characterized. After i. v. injection into rats, [99mTc]TRODAT-1 displayed specific brain uptake in the rat striatal region (striatum-cerebellum/cerebellum ratio 1.8 at 60 min), where dopamine neurons are concentrated. The specific striatal uptake could be blocked by pretreating rats with a dose of competing dopamine transporter ligand, beta-CIT (or RTI-55, i.v., 1 mg/kg). However, the specific striatal uptake of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 was not affected by co-injection of excess free ligand (TRODAT-1, up to 200 microg per rat) or by pretreating the rats with haloperidol (i.v., 1 mg/kg). The specific uptake in striatal regions of rats that had prior 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in the substantia nigra area showed a dramatic reduction. The radioactive material recovered from the rat striatal homogenates at 60 min after i.v. injection of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 showed primarily the original compound (>95%), a good indication of in vivo stability in brain tissue. Similar and comparable organ distribution patterns and brain regional uptakes of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 were obtained for male and female rats. Ex vivo autoradiography results of rat brain sections further confirmed the high uptake and retention of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in the striatal region. In vitro binding studies measuring the affinity to dopamine transporters for the free ligand, TRODAT-1, and a nonradioactive rhenium derivative, Re-TRODAT-1, showed Ki values of 9.7 nM and 14.1 nM, respectively. Behavioral studies in rats using the free ligand, TRODAT-1 and Re-TRODAT-1 indicated that, unlike other tropane derivatives, they displayed no effect on locomotor activity, suggesting low toxicity. These results strongly support the conclusions that this novel 99mTc radioligand binds selectively to dopamine transporters in the brain and that is is potentially useful for in vivo assessment of the loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plössl
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Meegalla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beckwith
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Essman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lucki
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D014326:Tropanes; C104196:technetium Tc 99m TRODAT-1; D004298:Dopamine