title: The effect of monetary incentives and peer support groups on repeat adolescent pregnancies. A randomized trial of the Dollar-a-Day Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypotheses that (1) a monetary incentive promotes peer-support group participation; and (2) peer-support group participation decreases repeat adolescent pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-year, prospective, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Denver, Colo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 286 primiparous girls younger than 18 years, whose infants were younger than 5 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to 4 interventions: monetary incentive and peer-support group, peer-support group only, monetary incentive only, or no intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consistency of participation in planned intervention and repeat pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participation in interventions was generally low. Hypothesis 1 was supported: 58% of those offered a monetary incentive participated in the peer-support groups, compared with 9% of those who were not offered the incentive. Hypothesis 2 was rejected: the peer-support group experience failed to prevent repeat pregnancies. The incidence of second pregnancies at 6 months (9%, 22/248), at 12 months (20%, 49/248), at 18 months (29%, 72/248), and at 24 months (39%, 97/248) following delivery did not vary significantly in relation to intervention strategy. Background sociodemographic characteristics significantly affected the timing of subsequent conceptions but not intervention participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A monetary incentive draws adolescent mothers to sites where they can discuss the costs and benefits of contraception and conception with knowledgeable adults and supportive peers. These discussions do not prevent repeat pregnancies. Further studies are needed to determine if an intervention that produces substantive changes in the daily living environment will eliminate the sexual practices that are responsible for the high rate of repeat pregnancy in this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80218, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens-Simon
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Dolgan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003120:Colorado; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000191:economics*; D010379:Peer Group; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000191:economics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors