title: The components of a respiratory rehabilitation program: a systematic overview.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the contribution of the various components of a rehabilitation program to the improvement of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE (1966 to April 1996) was searched. Abstracts presented at international conferences were also hand searched for additional relevant trials. Bibliographies of the retrieved articles were reviewed. Experts in rehabilitation were consulted to uncover unpublished trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training, breathing exercises, education, and psychosocial support in patients with COPD were primarily included if (1) the treatment effect of a specific component of a rehabilitation program could be isolated, and (2) exercise capacity, HRQL, compliance with medical therapy, and/or knowledge about the disease were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A best-evidence synthesis was conducted; 22 RCTs contributed to the analysis. We found the following: (1) the patients exposed to interventions that included exercise training improved their functional exercise capacity and HRQL; (2) exercise training was muscle specific; (3) the evidence to support inspiratory muscle training and other breathing exercises as an adjunct to exercise training in COPD remains equivocal; (4) the contribution of education has not been well addressed; and (5) psychosocial support reduced dyspnea acutely and, when used as an adjunct to rehabilitation, promoted compliance with an exercise regimen and improved HRQL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory rehabilitation is likely to improve functional exercise capacity and HRQL if it includes exercise training and psychosocial support. Further research is required to better define the types and intensity of exercise as well as the influence of respiratory muscle training and patient education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lacasse
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Guyatt
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D001945:Breathing Exercises; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support