title: Human vasal changes after vasectomy: in vitro studies.
abstract: Failure to impregnate, after successful vasovasostomy, has been attributed to immunologic, testicular, and epididymal factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of vasectomy on human vas innervation and vesicoelastic properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vas rings were obtained from 8 healthy males during vasectomy as controls and compared to those of 3 vasovasostomy patients. The active and passive properties were determined and the cumulative blocking effects of phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, atropine and tetrodotoxin were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significantly higher rigidity in the vasovasostomy group as compared to the control group but there were similar active forces between the two groups up to 100-120% of stretch. In the control group, phenoxybenzamine blocked 33.3%, propranolol blocked 15.8%, and atropine blocked 36.5% but tetrodotoxin had no further effect. In the vasovasostomy group, phenoxybenzamine blocked 33.3% (similar to control), propranolol blocked 2%, atropine blocked 11.7% and tetrodotoxin blocked 37.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vasovasostomy group there was increased rigidity without reduction of the active force. There were also decreased cholinergic and possible existence of nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmitters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alexandria University Medical School, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ghoniem
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shoukry
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fayed
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sakr
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004548:Elasticity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D017777:Parasympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000166:cytology / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D014659:Vasectomy
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D001285:Atropine; D011433:Propranolol