title: A typical hemolytic uremic syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children.
abstract: We describe the clinical and pathological findings of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in two children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Both patients presented with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and subsequently developed renal failure. The diagnosis of HUS was confirmed by renal histopathology in both patients. None of these children presented with bloody diarrhea, evidence of circulating antibody response to Escherichia coli O157 lipopolysaccharide, or other known risk factors for HUS, except for the presence of HIV infection. Each patient was treated with intravenous plasma infusion and renal replacement therapy. Their clinical course was characterized by non-oliguria and lack of significant hypertension throughout the acute phase of the disease. Despite these favorable clinical parameters, both patients developed end-stage renal failure. The etiology of this atypical HUS characterized by poor renal survival remains unknown and the role of HIV infection in its pathogenesis, although possible, is unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rakusan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors