title: Does parental involvement make a difference? The impact of parent interactive activities on students in a school-based AIDS prevention program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we test the effectiveness of involving parents in school-based AIDS education with respect to altering AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intentions, communications patterns, and behavior of students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen high risk school districts (pre-test N = 2,392) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: parent-interactive (classroom curricula + parent-interactive component); parent non-interactive (classroom curricula only); control (basic AIDS education ordinarily provided by the school). Students were tested over time in grades 7, 8 and 9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that both treatment conditions (parent-interactive and non-interactive) had a strong positive impact in enhancing student's knowledge, attitudes, communication patterns and behavioral intentions. Further, results indicate that there were no behavioral outcome differences between the treatment groups and the control condition. Results demonstrate few outcome differences between the two experimental conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the two treatment groups (parent-interactive and parent non-interactive), the program effects appear to be the result of school-based curricula and of student self-determined intentions and behaviors, rather than the presence or absence of planned parental involvement. Whether or not structured or planned parental involvement becomes part of a school-based educational activity should perhaps be determined by (a) the existing level of parent-school interaction based on the nature of the community, (b) the amount of money readily available to follow through on a program of parent involvement without compromising on student programs, (c) the age of the child and the sensitivity of the issue, and (d) the ability of the parent/family to be involved effectively without extraordinary expense or sacrifice by either parent or school. Our findings speak to the positive role of the school regardless of parent participation.
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perhats
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Flay
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology