title: Combining case management, pathways, and report cards for secondary cardiac prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many disease treatment tools can be shifted into prevention. Many cardiac rehabilitation programs have focused on a 12-week exercise plan with minimal long-term follow-up. In 1995 Butterworth Hospital established a cardiac prevention and rehabilitation program focusing on long-term modification of cardiovascular risk factors.
  The pathway was created as the outpatient extension of three inpatient cardiovascular pathways. Unlike inpatient pathways, the outpatient pathway was integrated into the medical record as a major care planning and documentation tool.
  Since the entry of the first group of patients in January 1995, average quarterly enrollment has increased from less than 15% to 32% of eligible patients.
  Butterworth adopted Dartmouth Medical Center's (Hanover, NH) value compass and instrument panel approach under the rubric of report card. As an internal, clinical quality improvement tool, the report card is not used for public reporting, although prevention and rehabilitation report cards are provided to payers. Information on cost and utilization, patient satisfaction, functional health status, and clinical outcomes, as well as the current improvement activities, are covered. Report cards have been issued in June 1996, September 1996, and January 1997, each highlighting activities that drive program improvements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of case management, pathways, an outcomes database, and report cards creates a marketable program for secondary prevention of cardiac disease.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Network, Butterworth Health System, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. llevknecht@bw.brhn.org
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levknecht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schriefer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schriefer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maconis
mesh_terms: D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D019090:Case Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods*; D005251:Fees, Medical; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008824:Michigan; D017146:Models, Organizational; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods*