title: [Endoscopic forehead lift].
abstract: Indications for the endoscopic frontal lift are the same as for the conventional open procedure: (a) ptosis of the eyebrow; (b) laxation of the frontal skin; (c) frowning of the glabella in the frontal area. While the conventional open procedure requires a coronal incision from ear to ear, the endoscopic procedure requires only four to six 1-cm incisions in the hair area. From there we lift the frontal skin subperiosteally up to the orbital rim where we incise the periosteum. Here the corrugator and procerus muscle are incised and the necessary portion of frontal skin can be elevated. Technical details, as well as the instruments needed are described in over 30 procedures.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biemer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013525:Surgical Instruments
vernacular_title: Das endoskopische Stirnlifting.