title: Oral HIV-I recovery in the presence of periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a significant association occurs between the presence of various periodontal diseases and recoverable infectious HIV-I in the saliva of injecting drug users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and fifty-one injecting drug users were recruited from various programs associated with the Beth Israel Medical Center. Examiners were 'blinded' to the subject's HIV-I serostatus. A socio-economic and risk factors' survey was conducted and a complete oral examination, including periodontal disease indices was performed. Whole saliva and blood were collected for virus culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recovery of infectious HIV-I in saliva related to presence of periodontal diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those HIV-I seropositive subjects with periodontal diseases did not differ from those HIV-I seropositive subjects without periodontal disease in mean age and immune status. Less than 1% of the HIV-I seropositive subjects had cultivable HIV-I in their saliva while it was present in 78% of PBMCs and 35% of the sera. There was no significant association between infectious HIV-I in saliva, serum, or PBMCs and any of the various periodontal diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of periodontal disease in HIV-I seropositive injecting drug users does not appear to be a potential risk factor for infectious HIV-I in saliva, probably due to the various anti-viral components of saliva.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York 10003, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaim
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology