The Arabidopsis NIM1 protein shows homology to the mammalian transcription factor inhibitor I kappa B.
The NIM1 (for noninducible immunity) gene product is involved in the signal transduction cascade leading to both systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and gene-for-gene disease resistance in Arabidopsis. We have isolated and characterized five new alleles of nim1 that show a range of phenotypes from weakly impaired in chemically induced pathogenesis-related protein-1 gene expression and fungal resistance to very strongly blocked. We have isolated the NIM1 gene by using a map-based cloning procedure. Interestingly, the NIM1 protein shows sequence homology to the mammalian signal transduction factor I kappa B subclass alpha. NF-kappa B/I kappa B signaling pathways are implicated in disease resistance responses in a range of organisms from Drosophila to mammals, suggesting that the SAR signaling pathway in plants is representative of an ancient and ubiquitous defense mechanism in higher organisms.
Ryals
J
J
Biotechnology and Genomics Center, Novartis Crop Protection, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2257, USA. ryalsj@abru.cg.com
Weymann
K
K
Lawton
K
K
Friedrich
L
L
Ellis
D
D
Steiner
H Y
HY
Johnson
J
J
Delaney
T P
TP
Jesse
T
T
Vos
P
P
Uknes
S
S
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008322:Mammals; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013552:Swine
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C105496:NPR1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha