title: Insulin-like growth factor 1 has beneficial effects, whereas growth hormone has limited effects on postoperative protein metabolism, gut integrity, and splenic weight in rats with chronic mild liver injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) improve protein metabolism after surgical insult in subjects without liver disease. However, these effects in chronic liver injury, in which the GH-IGF-1 axis is impaired, have not been investigated. We examined the anabolic effects of GH and IGF-1 after gastrectomy in rats with chronic mild liver injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with chronic mild liver injury induced by thioacetamide were used. After gastrectomy, the rats were randomized into vehicle control, GH, and IGF-1 groups. In the latter two groups, 0.8 IU/kg/d of GH or 4 mg/kg/d of IGF-1 was infused for 72 hours. Anabolic effects were assessed by body weight change, 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) excretion, nitrogen excretion, and whole-body protein turnover. Organ weights, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and IGF-1, tissue IGF-1 levels, hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) content, and intestinal structure were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both GH and IGF-1 decreased nitrogen excretion. IGF-1, but not GH, increased postoperative body weight, whole-body protein turnover, and splenic weight. IGF-1 reduced atrophy of the intestinal mucosa. GH treatment increased hepatic IGF-1-mRNA and the plasma IGF-1 level, whereas IGF-1 treatment increased the plasma IGF-1 level with no change in the hepatic IGF-1-mRNA content. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose or insulin levels among the three groups. Neither GH nor IGF-1 affected the gastrocnemius muscle IGF-1 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-1 has beneficial effects, whereas GH has only limited effects on post-operative protein metabolism, gut integrity, and splenic weight in chronic mild liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008871:Microvilli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013853:Thioacetamide
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013853:Thioacetamide; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D009584:Nitrogen