title: The clinical course of renal function in NIDDM patients with normo- and microalbuminuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical course of renal function in relation to risk factors in NIDDM patients with normo- and microalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient diabetic clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two NIDDM patients with normo- or microalbuminuria followed for (mean (range)) 5.5 (3.3-7.5) years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion rate, blood pressure, lipids, glycaemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean rate of decline of glomerular filtration rate was -1.2 +/- 2.3 (mean +/- SD) (95% confidence intervals: -2.0--0.3) mL min-1 1.73 m-2 year-1 (p = 0.009). A considerable interindividual variation was observed (range -6.7 to + 3.4 mL min-1 1.73 m-2 year-1). No difference was found between normo- and microalbuminuric patients (-1.2 +/- 0.5 vs. -1.0 +/- 0.7 mL min-1 1.73 m-2 year-1) or between patients with and without anti-hypertensive treatment (-1.7 +/- 0.7 vs. -0.7 +/- 0.4 mL min-1 1.73 m-2 year-1). By multiple linear regression analysis the fall rate of glomerular filtration was determined by the mean glomerular filtration rate level (p = 0.036). Analysis of patients without antihypertensive treatment revealed that urinary albumin excretion rate and HbA1c levels significantly determined the fall rate of glomerular filtration (P < 0.001 and = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average decline in renal function of these normo- and microalbuminuric NIDDM patients was not increased as compared to the age related fall rate of healthy subjects but varied markedly. Low glomerular filtration rate is associated with a higher fall rate. In patients without antihypertensive treatment higher urinary albumin excretion rate, and poorer glycaemic control are factors associated with an increased fall rate of glomerular filtration.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus Kommunehospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehling
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids