title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
abstract: Induction of specific anti-tumor immunity by active immunization has been the aim of researchers for decades. However, a generally applicable successful immunization strategy that could be used in the clinic has not yet been devised. Recent research has been directed at identifying and defining tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens. Several good candidates are now at hand. If these antigens are to perform optimally at immunization, there is a need for proper adjuvants. This article focuses on one adjuvant, the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the possible application of this molecule to active specific immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Radiumhemmet) and Immunological Research Laboratory, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor