title: Patient-specific decisions about hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on life expectancy in postmenopausal women with different risk profiles for heart disease, breast cancer, and hip fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Decision analysis using a Markov model. Published regression models were used to link risk factors to disease incidence and to estimate the lifetime risks of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), breast cancer, hip fracture, and endometrial cancer. The impact of hormone therapy on disease incidence was estimated from published epidemiologic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mathematical model applicable to primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment with hormone replacement therapy or no hormone replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Life expectancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hormone replacement therapy should increase life expectancy for nearly all postmenopausal women, with some gains exceeding 3 years, depending mainly on an individual's risk factors for CHD and breast cancer. For women with at least 1 risk factor for CHD, hormone therapy should extend life expectancy, even for women having first-degree relatives with breast cancer. Women without any risk factors for CHD or hip fracture, but who have 2 first-degree relatives with breast cancer, however, should not receive hormone therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefit of hormone replacement therapy in reducing the likelihood of developing CHD appears to outweigh the risk of breast cancer for nearly all women in whom this treatment might be considered. Our analysis supports the broader use of hormone replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Decision Making, Informatics, and Telemedicine, Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass 02111, USA. nananda.col@es.nemc.org
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Col
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Eckman
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Pauker
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017698:Postmenopause; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D044465:White People