title: Assessment of the penile vascular system with color-coded duplex sonography and pharmacocavernosometry and -graphy in impotent men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the extent to which color-coded duplex sonography permits complete clarification of vessel-dependent erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 215 patients with ED were examined. All patients underwent pharmacocolor-coded duplex sonography (PHCCDS; 20 micrograms of prostaglandin E1, PGE1, intracavernosally) as well as pharmacocavernosometry and -graphy (PHCM and PHCG; 20 micrograms of PGE1 intracavernosally). The penile vessels were visualized, i.e. the dorsal arteries, the cavernosal arteries, and the anastomoses between them, as well as the venous pathways. Peak flow and end-diastolic flow in all arteries and, when present, anastomoses were determined after stimulation. Induction flow to achieve maximal tumescence/rigidity as well as maintenance flow were determined during PHCM. Finally, for the morphological visualization of the cavenous body and possible venous insufficiencies, a radiography in 2 planes was produced with infusion of a water-soluble contrast medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 145 patients with a grade 0-III tumescence after stimulation with 20 micrograms of PGE1, PHCCDS revealed an end-diastolic flow of > 5 cm/s, with a peak flow velocity > 25 cm/s in the 2 cavernosal and 2 dorsal arteries. The deep dorsal vein of the penis was visualized in 110 of these 145 patients with a blood flow > 5 cm/s, and in 35 cases with a blood flow < 5 cm/s. Venous drainage to the corpus spongiosum was visualized in 80 patients with a blood flow > 10 cm/s. All patients had a pathologically increased induction (normal value < 100 ml/min) and maintenance venous flow (normal value < 10 ml/min) in the PHCM as well as venous drainage in the PHCG. Sixty patients with a tumescence grade of IV-V (rigidity) had a peak flow velocity clearly > 25 cm/s, an end-diastolic flow < 5 cm/s in the 2 cavernosal and 2 dorsal arteries in the PHCCDS, as well as induction values < 100 ml/min and maintenance flow values < 10 ml/min in the PHCM, without visible insufficient efferent venous pathways on the PHCG. In 29 patients (13.5%) hemodynamically active anastomoses perforating the tunica albuginea could be detected. Ten patients with a tumescence grade of III had a peak flow velocity < 25 cm/s and an end-diastolic flow < 5 cm/s without venous leakage in PHCM and PHCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHCCDS allows for the assessment of arterial flow disorder as well as of venous leakage in ED. PHCM and PHCG should only be carried out in patients in whom surgical or radiological interventional procedures at the efferent venous pathways are planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Behring Municipal Hospital, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wegner
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018783:Impotence, Vasculogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000527:Alprostadil