title: Motor vehicle crashes, restraint use, and severity of injury in children in Nevada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data from the population-based Nevada State Trauma Registry were used to examine rates and determinants of restraint use in children who were involved in a car crash and seriously injured. Patterns of injuries in these children are also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from children 14 years of age or younger who entered the Nevada State Trauma Registry because of a serious injury caused by a car crash. The study period was from January 1, 1989, to December 31, 1992.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average annual age-specific crash injury rates per 100,000 were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In children younger than two years old, 61% were restrained at the time of the crash; however, only about one third of all children over the age of three were restrained. In ages 0-4 years, only 5.3% of the African-American children were restrained at the time of the crash compared with 47.2% of the Caucasian children. Children who were not restrained were more likely to have more adverse outcomes and to have different types of injury compared with their restrained counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of restraining devices in children who suffer a serious injury in a motor vehicle crash continues to be low and appears to be related to specific demographic characteristics. The findings indicated that restraint use at the time of the crash was related to less severe injury as indicated by certain outcome variables.
authors.affiliation: Resources Analysis Branch, Office of Science and Epidemiology, Bureau of Health Resources Development, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Niemcryk
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brawley
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Yount
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009505:Nevada / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*