title: The production, binding characteristics and sequence analysis of four human IgG monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies.
abstract: Antiphospholid antibodies (APL) have a notable association with recurrent miscarriages, arterial and venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Analysis of the potential pathogenic effects of such human antibodies has been hampered by the considerable difficulty in producing IgG as opposed to IgM monoclonal immunoglobulins. We have developed four human monoclonal IgG APL (LJ1, AH2, DA3 and UK4) by fusing the peripheral blood lymphocytes of three patients with SLE with a mouse human heteromyeloma cell line, CB-F7. These antibodies bind to a variety of anionic phospholipids, two (LJ1 and AH2) bind total histones but none binds to ssDNA or dsDNA. Binding to beta 2 GPI is non-specific. UK4 alone demonstrates lupus anticoagulant activity. All four have lambda light chains, two are IgG1 (AH2 and UK4) and two are IgG3 (LJ1 and DA3). These APL utilize VH genes present in the fetally restricted repertoire and multiple somatic mutations in the CDR suggest an antigen-driven process. In contrast, there is no restriction in V lambda gene usage and only one lambda chain is extensively mutated. Two clonally related hybridomas were isolated from a single patients. This supports the theory that clonal expansion is the mechanism whereby antigen selects high affinity mutations.
authors.affiliation: Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit/Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University College, London.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ravirajan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kandiah
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Longhurst
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Latchman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001483:Base Sequence; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007146:Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000276:immunology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002308:Cardiolipins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007146:Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; D010743:Phospholipids; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D004247:DNA