title: Treatment of thromboembolic complications of fulminant meningococcal septic shock.
abstract: A patient report of fulminant meningococcal septic shock is described. The presentation, hospital course, and reconstructive efforts are outlined, and a brief review of meningococcal infection is included. Emphasis is placed on the algorithm used to determine treatment. A 19-year-old Hispanic male presented with all the hallmarks of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS)-sudden onset, high fever, dyspnea with intermittent cyanosis, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and the development of purpura. The pathognomonic feature of WFS-hemorrhage into the adrenal glands-if present, was not extensive, as he did not require steroid supplementation. Though cerebrospinal fluid latex agglutination was negative, his serum was positive for group C Neisseria and admission blood cultures grew Neisseria meningitidis. Thromboembolic complications were systemic with the highest morbidity peripherally in the lower extremities. Care for these injuries involved every rung of the reconstructive ladder-from local wound care and skin grafts to local flaps and microvascular transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, Bothin Burn Center, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capozzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003646:Debridement; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000601:surgery*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000601:surgery*; D014884:Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents