title: Defibrillation efficacy of commercially available biphasic impulses in humans. Importance of negative-phase peak voltage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that specifically shaped biphasic waveforms can lower energy requirements for ventricular defibrillation. We prospectively compared the defibrillation efficacy of three different biphasic wave shapes incorporated in three commercially available implantable defibrillators. The results led to the development of a second protocol in which the importance of negative-phase peak voltage and duration was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing using different biphasic waveforms was performed randomly on 42 patients undergoing implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator for ventricular arrhythmias. In 23 patients (group 1), 3 waveforms were tested: a CPI waveform with 60% positive-phase (P1) tilt and 50% negative-phase (P2) tilt, a Medtronic waveform with 65% fixed tilt in both P1 and P2, and a Ventritex waveform with 60% P1 tilt and a P2 leading edge voltage equal to half of the P1 trailing edge voltage. In 19 patients (group 2), 3 biphasic waveforms with equal P1 tilt at 65% but shorter P2 duration or smaller P2 peak voltage were tested. The Endotak C 60 series lead system (CPI) was used in 11 patients in group 1 and 10 patients in group 2. A Transvene lead system (Medtronics) was used in the remaining patients. Stored energy required for defibrillation was significantly lower with the CPI waveform compared with the Ventritex waveform. In group 2, energy requirements were significantly increased for the waveform with a smaller P2 peak voltage, whereas a short P2 duration did not influence defibrillation success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that specifically shaped biphasic waveforms delivered from commercially available devices can affect energy requirements for defibrillation. More importantly, the amplitude of the P2 peak voltage may be a more critical determinant than the P2 duration for defibrillation success of biphasic waveforms in humans.
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Laboratory, Duke University, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomassoni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Axtell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy