title: The combination of testosterone undecanoate with tamoxifen citrate enhances the effects of each agent given independently on seminal parameters in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of combined tamoxifen citrate and T undecanoate treatment on seminal parameters in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A state hospital tertiary clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty oligozoospermic men were included in the protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive placebo, T undecanoate (40 mg three times per day), tamoxifen citrate (10 mg two times per day), or T undecanoate plus tamoxifen citrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tamoxifen citrate plus T undecanoate treatment produced a satisfactory improvement of total sperm number, motility, and functional sperm fraction after 3 and 6 months. Comparisons with other active treatment groups showed significantly higher increment values for motility and functional fraction, whereas aniline, acrosine, and free L-carnitine also were markedly better in the combination treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the combination of tamoxifen citrate with T undecanoate not only improves significantly important seminal parameters but also compares favorably with the single treatments used. Therefore, this combination deserves a place as a first line of treatment in idiopathic oligozoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Department, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicopoulou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapolla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamertzanis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreou
mesh_terms: D000176:Acrosin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002331:Carnitine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045165:Testosterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D045165:Testosterone Congeners; D013629:Tamoxifen; D013739:Testosterone; D000176:Acrosin; C010792:testosterone undecanoate; D002331:Carnitine; C023650:aniline