title: Ten-language translation and harmonization of the International Prostate Symptom Score: developing a methodology for multinational clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Production of cross-culturally adapted and harmonized translations of the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) into 10 languages (Canadian French, Danish, Dutch, Flemish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish) by means of an appropriate methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A method based on state-of-the-art guidelines about translation of questionnaires was developed which consisted of forward-translation, rating of clarity, common language and cultural adequacy, group discussion and consensus, testing for comprehension in lay subjects, back-translation and rating for conceptual equivalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study lasted 3 months. Items 1-7 scored high for clarity, common language and cultural adequacy (mean range 5.3-9.8) as also did item 8 (5.1-9.7). Only 10% of items were rated less than 5.0. Comprehension tests in lay subjects produced comments in 10% of items, most frequently in items 2, 7, and 8, and response categories for items 1-6. Comparisons between the back-translations and the source version showed that 84% of all items, 88% of response categories for items 1-6, 100% of response categories for item 7, and 75% of response categories from item 8 were conceptually equivalent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present set of 10 translations plus the original I-PSS questionnaire can be used in multi-country studies in which benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms are to be assessed using the I-PSS and the data collected from different countries can be legitimately aggregated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Badía
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Losa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dal-Ré
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations