11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: tissue-specific dictators of glucocorticoid action.
11 beta-HSD catalyses the interconversion of active and inactive corticosteroids and exists as two isoforms with less than 30% amino acid homology. The bi-directional NADP-dependent type 1 enzyme appears to function as a tissue-specific glucocorticoid provider. The uni-directional NAD-dependent type 2 enzyme functions as a tissue-specific glucocorticoid protector. The syndrome of AME is caused by mutations in the gene of 11 beta-HSD2. Placental 11 beta-HSD2 is a barrier to growth-retarding maternal glucocorticoids and may play a key role in prenatal programming of hypertension.
Benediktsson
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University Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K.
Edwards
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CR
D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D000818:Animals; D003348:Cortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006035:Glycyrrhiza; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008901:Mineralocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011247:Pregnancy; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D013577:Syndrome
D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone