title: Dose-intense therapy with etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and epirubicin (VIP-E) in 100 consecutive patients with limited- and extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a phase I/II trial to assess the feasibility and activity of VIP-E chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. End-points were treatment-related morbidity and mortality, response to treatment. duration of response, and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cycles of combination chemotherapy followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were given at a dose of etoposide (500 mg/m2), ifosfamide (4000 mg/m2), cisplatin (50 mg/m2), and epirubicin (50 mg/m2) to 100 consecutive patients with SCLC. Thirty patients (19 with LD, and 11 with ED SCLC) proceeded to VIC-E high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) at a cumulative dose of etoposide 1500 mg/m2, ifosfamide 12,000 mg/m2, carboplatin 750 mg/m2 and epirubicin 150 mg/m2 (VIC-E). Surgical resection of primary tumor was attempted at the earliest feasible point. Thoracic irradiation was given after completion of chemotherapy. RESULTS of conventional-dose VIP-E: 97 patients were evaluable for response. Objective response rate was 81% in LD-SCLC (33% CR, 48% PR; excluding patients in surgical CR) and 77% in ED-SCLC (18% CR, 58% PR). Treatment mortality was 2%. Median survival was 19 months in LD-SCLC and 6 months in ED-SCLC. Two-year survival was 36% in LD and 0% in ED SCLC. RESULTS OF HIGH-DOSE VIC-E: All 30 patients improved on or maintained prior responses. Four patients (13%) died of treatment-related complications. Median survival was 26 months in LD-SCLC and 8 months in ED-SCLC. Two-year survival was 53% in LD and 9% in ED SCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VIP-E chemotherapy is an effective induction therapy for SCLC. Compared with traditional protocols such as ACO or carboplatin/etoposide, response rates are slightly improved, while survival is not different. In the LD SCLC subgroup, high-dose chemotherapy improved response rates and survival, especially for patients in surgical CR prior to high-dose therapy. In ED SCLC, however, higher response-rates did not translate into improved survival. Selected LD-SCLC patients with good partial or complete remissions after prior therapy may benefit from HDC and PBSCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fetscher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brugger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasse
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frommhold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mertelsmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D005047:Etoposide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide