title: Altered responses of human macrophages to lipopolysaccharide by hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid, hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid, and arachidonic acid. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production.
abstract: The regulation of allergic and autoimmune inflammatory reactions by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolic products (eicosanoids) continues to be of major interest. Our data demonstrate that arachidonic acid 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-6) and its hydroxylated derivatives 15(s)-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 15(s)-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) regulate agonist-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production, a cytokine that plays a role in inflammatory diseases. Although 20:4n-6 and 15-HETE caused a reduction in production of TNF in mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, and Staphylococcus aureus, 15-HPETE was far more active. 15-HPETE was also found to dramatically depress the ability of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to induce TNF production in monocytes and the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6. These fatty acids depressed the expression of TNF mRNA in Mono Mac 6 cells stimulated with LPS; 15-HPETE was fivefold more active than 20:4n-6 and 15-HETE. While 15-HPETE treatment neither affected LPS binding to Mono Mac 6 cells nor caused a decrease in CD14 expression, the fatty acid significantly reduced the LPS-induced translocation of PKC (translocation of alpha, betaI, betaII, and epsilon isozymes), suggesting that 15-HPETE acts by abrogating the early signal transduction events. The findings identify another molecule that could form the basis for development of antiinflammatory pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunopathology, University of Adelaide, Australia. aferrant@medicine.adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nandoskar
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hii
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rathjen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulos
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrante
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D015289:Leukotrienes; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; C025086:15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C