title: Sex dependent electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in anthracycline-treated mice.
abstract: Single administration of 2 mg/kg Violamycin B I induces a cardiomyopathy in mice associated with prolongation of the QRS- and S alpha T-segment in the electrocardiogram (ECG). The changes of the QRS-segment were independent of sex (males: control 6.10 ms +/- 0.41, 8 days after Violamycin B I application 9.13 ms +/- 1.16; females: control 6.41 ms +/- 0.46, 8 days after Violamycin B I application 8.78 ms +/- 0.83), the prolongation of the S alpha T-segment in males (control 3.52 ms +/- 0.21, 8 days after Violamycin B I application 11.18 ms +/- 2.25) was significantly stronger than in females (control 3.46 ms +/- 0.20, 8 days after Violamycin B I application 8.22 ms +/- 1.04). A reduction of the acetylcholine effect in the heart tissue could be responsible for the sex dependent prolongation of the S alpha T segment, because acetylcholine accelerates the repolarization which is part of the S alpha T segment, and the heart of females seems to have a greater amount of acetylcholine storage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology II, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nachbar
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Biewald
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C022171:violamycin BI