Does noise stress modulate effects of smoking/nicotine? Mood, vigilance, and EEG responses.
Effects of smoking multiple cigarettes on EEG, vigilance, and subjective state were assessed in a repeated measures design where noise level (high versus minimal) was crossed with nicotine dose (quasi-ad lib own versus 1.0 mg FTC nicotine machine-delivered dose versus 0.05 mg FTC nicotine machine-delivered dose). Vigilance was increased by nicotine, but not by noise and there was no noise by dose interaction. Effects of nicotine on EEG varied as a function of dose, noise, hemisphere, time, and eyes-open versus eyes-closed condition. Smoking normal nicotine delivery (0.9-1.1 mg FTC-estimated) cigarettes resulted in decreases in percentages of delta and theta EEG magnitude and increased percentage beta-1 EEG magnitude across conditions and time. Changes in alpha and theta magnitude were dependent on eyes being open versus closed. Hemispheric asymmetries varied as a function of noise and time. Consistent with inverted "U" models, effects of nicotine on EEG were clearly stimulant during the quiet conditions while there were minimal to no differences between nicotine doses during the high-noise conditions. The failure of nicotine to modify mood is interpreted in terms of bioinformational models of nicotine's subjective effects.
Gilbert
D G
DG
Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, USA.
Estes
S L
SL
Welser
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009622:Noise; D012907:Smoking; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*
D009538:Nicotine