title: Co-administration of midazolam decreases propofol dose during anesthesia in endoscopic laryngeal microsurgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol is commonly used in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for brief surgical procedures because it offers rapid recovery and has fewer side effects. However, concomittent use of other adjuvant agents has been considered so that the same anesthetic effects can be achieved at lower doses of propofol which is more expensive without compromising rapid recovery and increasing the adverse effects. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the co-administration of midazolam and propofol during anesthesia for endoscopic microsurgery and test its influences on the consumption of propofol and the quality of anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients receiving selective endoscopic microsurgery were enrolled in this study. All patients received high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) under TIVA. The control group (n = 21) received propofol (20 mg/5 s) during induction and 10 mg/kg/h as maintenance. The study group (n = 21) received midazolam (0.06 mg/kg) and propofol (20 mg/5 s) for induction with propofol 8 mg/kg/hr for maintenance. Doses of propofol, vital signs, recovery time, post-anesthetic high cortical function, and adverse events were evaluated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-administration of midazolam and propofol in TIVA could reduce the induction dose and the total dose of propofol by 51% and 26% respectively but still achieve the same anesthetic effects. Vital signs and recovery were not influenced, and incidence of adverse effects did not increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our result suggests that co-administration of midazolam and propofol in TIVA appears to be safe, effective, and economic alternative to that with propofol alone. The effects were synergic but side effects were not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Tso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol