title: Long-term results of voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy using primary tracheoesophageal puncture in Chinese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prosthetic voice restoration is an increasingly popular method of postlaryngectomy voice rehabilitation. Despite its success in non-tonal languages, the efficacy of tracheoesophageal speech in tonal languages was largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term results of voice rehabilitation using a Blom-Singer valve (BSV) in the tonal language of Cantonese.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 159 patients who underwent total laryngectomy and primary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) between May 1985 and December 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. Tracheoesophageal speech was regarded as functional if effective communication could be made during face-to-face conversation and telephone conversation. Any TEP-related complications were noted. Perioperative factors that might contribute to nonfunctional speech were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hospital mortalities were excluded from speech analysis. Of the remaining 153 patients, the median follow-up was 25 months, ranging from 3 to 113 months. Seventy-three patients had closure of tracheosophageal fistulae (TEF), and the main causes were ineffective voice production, dislodgment, and tracheostomal stenosis. Only 15 of them acquired functional speech before closure. The other 80 patients used a BSV as the chief modality of voice rehabilitation, with functional results achieved in 64 patients. None of the perioperative factors were found to be statistically significant in relation to nonfunctional speech.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary TEP is an established method of voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. In our series, 52% patients achieved functional tracheoesophageal speech using a BSV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007831:Larynx, Artificial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000601:surgery*; D014834:Voice Training