title: Leukocyte activation induces surface redistribution of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.
abstract: Binding of P-selectin on activated endothelium to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on neutrophils mediates the initial tethering and rolling of neutrophils on the vessel wall at inflammatory sites. Upon activation of rolling cells by locally expressed signaling molecules, integrin-dependent adhesion mechanisms are engaged and transendothelial migration proceeds. P-selectin binding sites are uniformly distributed on the surface of quiescent neutrophils, but are redistributed to the uropod of activated neutrophils. It is unclear whether this activation-induced change in the surface topography of P-selectin binding sites is due to surface redistribution of PSGL-1, shedding of PSGL-1 from the lamellapod, and/or movement of PSGL-1 from an intracellular compartment to the uropod of the polarized cell. With the use of immunogold electron microscopy we previously demonstrated that PSGL-1 was localized to the tips of microvilli on neutrophils. Here we document a similar localization for PSGL-1 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. On quiescent neutrophils, approximately 80% of the PSGL-1 label was on tips of microvilli, which are randomly distributed around the cell circumference. On activated, polarized neutrophils, the PSGL-1 label was restricted to a segment of approximately 42% of the cell circumference even though total labeling decreased by only approximately 26%. Latex microbeads coated with anti-PSGL-1 mAb bound preferentially to the uropod of activated neutrophils. Subcellular fractionation and immunogold analysis of frozen thin sections of neutrophils failed to detect PSGL-1 in any intracellular compartment. Taken together, these data indicate that the activation-induced change in the surface topography of PSGL-1 is due to surface redistribution of PSGL-1. This process may facilitate transendothelial migration by disrupting bonds between P-selectin and PSGL-1 at the leading edge of migrating cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bruehl
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lorant
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borregaard
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McEver
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bainton
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008871:Microvilli; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein