title: Interexaminer reliability in physical examination of patients with low back pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Seventy-one patients with low back pain were examined by two physiotherapists (50 patients) and two physicians (21 patients). The two physiotherapists had worked together for many years, but the two physicians had not. The interexaminer reliability of the clinical tests included in the physical examination was evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interexaminer reliability of clinical tests used in the physical examination of patients with low back pain under ideal circumstances, which was the case for the physiotherapists.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Numerous clinical tests are used in the evaluation of patients with low back pain. To reach the correct diagnosis, only tests with an acceptable validity and reliability should be used. Previous studies have mainly shown low reliability. It is important that clinical tests not be rejected because of low reliability caused by differences between examiners in performance of the examination and in their definition of normal results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two examiners, either two physiotherapists or two physicians, independently examined patients with low back pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In approximately half of the clinical tests studied, an acceptable reliability was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the physiotherapists series, the reliability was acceptable for a number of clinical tests that are used in the evaluation of patients with low back pain. The results suggest that clinical tests should be standardized to a much higher degree than they are today.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institute, Ryggkliniken, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Strender
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjöblom
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taube
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015510:Clinical Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results