title: Three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasound: new staging technique in patients with rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the application of three-dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in diagnostics, staging, and treatment planning of rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transversal images, generated during conventional TRUS examination, are recorded by means of a specially designed computer-based system to obtain a 3D array of slices, covering the whole region of interest. Different structures (normal or pathologically affected) are segmented, isolated, and rendered using the tools of the system to produce a realistic spatial view of investigated organs. Dynamic movies are also generated and replayed for better realization of spatial interrelations of studied objects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients (18 with rectal cancer and 1 who was healthy) have been examined. In 15 patients, full 3D TRUS reconstruction was performed. Results are illustrated with several examples from the studied group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider 3D TRUS a useful add-on to conventional TRUS. It may significantly improve understanding of the interrelation between normal and pathologic structures and help to exact preoperative staging and treatment planning of rectal carcinoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Clinic of Coloproctology, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Diavoc
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology