title: Surgical treatment for life-threatening acute myocardial infarction: a prospective protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this paper we describe the preliminary results of a prospective operative protocol designed in order to define the role of emergent myocardial revascularization in extensive acute myocardial infarction and in post-infarction cardiogenic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Entry criteria are: age < 75 years; anterior acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation > 4 leads, infero-postero-lateral or inferior and right ventricular within 6 h from onset of chest pain; post-infarction cardiogenic shock within 3 h from onset of shock. From November 1994 to July 1995, after emergency coronary arteriography, 23 patients were treated by coronary artery bypass grafting. Fifteen were operated for extensive acute myocardial infarction (group A, mean age 54.1 +/- 9.4 years) and eight for post-infarction cardiogenic shock (group B mean age 65.0 +/- 8.7 years). Mean time from onset was 4.4 +/- 1.3 h in group A and 2.2 +/- 0.8 h in group B. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 39.3 +/- 12.7% in group A and 22.6 +/- 3.5% in group B. Six out of eight group B patients needed intraaortic balloon counterpulsation preoperatively, and 2/8 cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial revascularization consisted in 3.4 +/- 1.1 grafts in group A (vein grafts, except for 8 patients who also received a left internal thoracic artery graft) and 3.3 +/- 1.1 vein grafts in group B. All patients in group B and 3/15 (20%) in group A underwent intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. In-hospital death occurred in 1/15 (6.7%) patients of group A and in 4/8 (50%) patients of group B. At a mean follow-up of 4.1 +/- 3.4 months for group A and 3.9 +/- 2.2 months for group B left ventricular ejection fraction was 43.4 +/- 9.0% in group A and 35.7 +/- 13.1% in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experience of 9 months with this prospective protocol showed its effectiveness in the management of critically ill patients with acute coronary occlusion leading to low mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction and improved survival rate in post-infarction cardiogenic shock.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donatelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benussi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triggiani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guarracino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grossi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology