title: [Circulatory reactions under spinal anesthesia. The catheter technique versus the single dose procedure].
abstract: Life-threatening cardiovascular complications are a serious risk even for healthy patients during spinal/epidural anaesthesia. The incidence of fatal cardiovascular complications for epidural anaesthesia is 1:10000, for spinal anaesthesia 1:7000. In contrast, general anaesthesia has an overall mortality of only 1:28000. Administration of IV fluids to minimise the haemodynaemic reactions of beginning sympatholysis is not always sufficient. In this study, we examined whether fractionated application of local anaesthetics via a spinal catheter would provide better haemodynamic stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, we examined the haemodynaemic reactions of 300 patients during single-dose (n = 150) versus continuous spinal anaesthesia (CSA) (n = 150). Isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% was given through a 29 G Quincke needle (3.5 ml) or a 28 G spinal catheter (1.5 ml as a bolus, followed by 1 ml/10 min until an anaesthetic level of T12 was reached).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensory and motor effects of both methods were comparable. The T12 level of anaesthesia was achieved with the single-dose method after 10.5 min and with the continuous method after 19.1 min. After single-dose anaesthesia, the blood pressure dropped by 16.5% and the heart rate by 12% compared to the control values. During CSA no significant blood pressure changes were recorded; the heart rate decreased by 8%. In 15 cases vasoconstrictors had to be given to stabilise the lowered blood pressure after single-dose anaesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the use of CSA, the haemodynamic effects of sympatholysis can be minimised. This method thus has advantages, especially for high-risk cardiovascular patients.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möllmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine
vernacular_title: Kreislaufverhalten unter Spinalanästhesie. Kathetertechnik versus Single-dose-Verfahren.