title: Detection and characterization of two major ethylated deoxyguanosine adducts by high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray mass spectrometry, and 32P-postlabeling. Development of an approach for detection of phosphotriesters.
abstract: Postlabeling can be one of the most sensitive methods for the measurement of DNA adducts. However, for the determination of alkylated adducts, essential requirements are standards which must be fully chemically characterized. In order to develop a postlabeling assay for monitoring exposure to genotoxic ethylating agents, the reaction of diethyl sulfate with 2'-deoxynucleoside 3'- and 5'-monophosphates was examined. The adducts generated were fully characterized using HPLC, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, UV, and postlabeling. The major product was the phosphodiester derived from alkylation of the phosphate, and alkylation of the base occurred to a lesser extent. The phosphodiester standard, 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-(mono-O-ethyl phosphate) (3'Et-pdG), was used to develop a postlabeling assay for the detection of this adduct in DNA samples. Since alkylated phosphodiesters in DNA are not susceptible to the actions of micrococcal nuclease and calf spleen phosphodiesterase, they can be obtained as alkylated phosphodiester dinucleosides from DNA. Nuclease P1 was used as enhancement step which allowed the separation of these adducted phosphotriesters from the unmodified nucleotides by HPLC. Subsequent hydrolysis of the phosphotriester dinucleosides in alkali yielded phosphodiesters, including 3'Et-pdG, which was efficiently postlabeled. This approach was shown to be capable of detecting this adduct in liver DNA from mice treated intraperitoneally with N-nitrosodiethylamine.
authors.affiliation: MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, U.K.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sweetman
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Shuker
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003848:Deoxyguanine Nucleotides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C105670:2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-mono(O-ethylphosphate); D000477:Alkylating Agents; D018736:DNA Adducts; D003848:Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; C105669:N-7-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D013440:Sulfides; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C051751:diethyl sulfide