title: A clinical study of the hydroxyapatite orbital implant.
abstract: The hydroxyapatite orbital implant has been used in the anophthalmic patient to give good motility of the artificial eye and a cosmetic result which matches that of the natural eye. It is thought to reduce the unacceptable complication rate that has been associated with other implants, as its buried, vascularized state deters extrusion and migration of the implant. Eighty consecutive patients were followed, 33 of whom had been referred for primary enucleation or evisceration, and 47 for secondary implant surgery. Thirteen of the secondary patients already had implants in situ. There were 44 males and 36 females in the study. The age range was 2.5 to 72 years with a mean of 36 years. The follow-up time was 2 to 30 months with a mean of 15 months. Twenty patients had been pegged at the time of review. A standardised operative and post-operative protocol was followed. The patients were assessed for the results of the motility of the artificial eye for both smooth pursuit and saccades, and for the cosmetic result. The amount of upper lid sulcus deformity was assessed to give an indication of volume replacement by the implant. The nature of any complications was noted as well as any further surgical procedures undertaken. The results show the hydroxyapatite orbital implant to give good cosmetic results with good motility of the artificial eye and to be associated with a low rate of complications. Drilling of the implant is simple to perform and also not associated with any significant complications. The hydroxyapatite orbital implant can be used successfully not only as a primary but also as a secondary or exchange implant with very few contraindications.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, U.K.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ashworth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rhatigan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brammar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leatherbarrow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017886:Durapatite; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite