title: Serum bupivacaine concentrations during continuous extrapleural infusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of increase in serum bupivacaine concentration during continuous extrapleural infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  After thoracotomy for lobectomy under general anaesthesia, nine patients had an extrapleural catheter inserted, before chest closure, in a costovertebral gutter constructed surgically by lifting the parietal pleural. Bupivacaine 0.5% with epinephrine 1:200.000 was injected through the catheter as 0.3 ml.kg-1 bolus followed by 0.1 ml.kg-1.hr-1 for five days. Serum bupivacaine (free and total), albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentrations were measured 15 min after injection and at 24 hr intervals for five days. Bupivacaine concentrations were determined by column liquid chromatography using solid phase extraction. Serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentration was determined by nephelometry on QM 300 protein analyzer. Serum albumin concentration was determined by bromocresol green dye binding procedure on Hitachi 717 Autoanalyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A continuous elevation in total serum bupivacaine was observed, with an average value of 0.75 microgram.ml-1 on day 1 to 2.77 micrograms.ml-1 on day 4 (P < 0.05). There was no increase in postoperative free serum bupivacaine concentration; average value of 177 pcg.ml-1 on day 1 and 249 pcg.ml-1 on day 4 (P = 0.92). Postoperative serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentration showed a steady rise with an average value of 0.94 microgram.ml-1 on day 1 and 1.47 micrograms.ml-1 on day 4 (P < 0.05). No change was observed in post-operative serum albumin with an average value of 31.4 g.l-1 on day 1 and 31.3 g.l-1 on day 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous extrapleural infusion of bupivacaine over five days after thoracotomy is associated with a steady increase in total serum bupivacaine concentration and no elevation in free serum bupivacaine concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dauphin
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D001961:Bromcresol Green; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000032:analysis; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010994:Pleura; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013908:Thoracotomy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009961:Orosomucoid; D012709:Serum Albumin; D001961:Bromcresol Green; D002045:Bupivacaine