title: Randomised trial comparing a policy of early with selective amniotomy in uncomplicated labour at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two management policies: rupture of the fetal membranes when women are in normal labour or leave them intact as long as feasible.
  
  
  METHODS
  The labour ward of a city university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Automated randomised clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  1540 women in uncomplicated term labour. Data on labour duration, blood loss, oxytocin use and fetal condition were collected from 1132 women. Some data from nulliparous women has been presented earlier by the UK Amniotomy Group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duration of labour, Apgar score, fetal morbidity and maternal morbidity including perineal injury, mode of delivery, epidural rates and the total number of vaginal examinations in the first stage of labour after amniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotomy at the next vaginal examination or amniotomy only if indicated. The median cervical dilatation at membrane rupture was 2 cm greater in the first group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A policy of routine amniotomy in labour had no measurable advantage over selective amniotomy for parous women (difference = 4 min) but shortened labour in nulliparous women by 1 h (Mann-Whitney U test: P < 0.05). There was a suggestion of a higher caesarean section rate (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.9-3.5), and there were more vaginal examinations after membrane rupture in the group allocated routine amniotomy. There were no measurable differences in oxytocin use, fetal condition at birth, retained placenta rates, blood loss, pain or analgesia requirements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine amniotomy may shorten the first labour but not subsequent ones. There is a suggestion that routine surgical interference may be harmful by increasing the risk of caesarean section, and this agrees with data from other trials (common odds ratio 1.2; 95% CI 0.92-1.6).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, St James's University Hospital, Leeds University, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lilford
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000601:surgery*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000502:physiology; D003657:Decision Making; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D007751:Labor, Induced; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000209:etiology; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010121:Oxytocin