title: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell generation from peripheral blood stem cells by in vitro incubation with low-dose interleukin-2 plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: Previous reports have demonstrated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-mediated enhancement of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell function. Based on these studies we have developed a model of LAK cell generation from peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from cancer patients by in vitro incubation with low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) + GM-CSF. PBSC from seven patients were incubated for 48 h at 37 degrees C in serum-free culture medium supplemented with IL-2 at increasing concentrations (10, 100 or 1000 IU/ml) in the presence or absence of 10 IU/ml GM-CSF. LAK activity generated in cultures with 10 IU/ml IL-2 + GM-CSF was significantly higher than that generated by 10 IU/ml IL-2 and did not differ from LAK generation at optimal concentrations of IL-2 (100 and 1000 IU/ml). PBSC from five additional patients were incubated with low-dose IL-2 + GM-CSF after sequential depletion of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. LAK activity was significantly reduced by depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and almost completely abolished after depletion of both subsets, suggesting that T cells and not NK cells are the main LAK precursors in this model. Six patients have received two courses of LAK cells generated in vitro by low-dose IL-2 + GM-CSF on day +1 and +8 after PBSC transplant in combination with GM-CSF and IL-2 administration in vivo. The mean LAK activity in peripheral blood of these patients dramatically increased immediately after transplant from a mean of 10% to 43.2% on day +2 and remained increased during the period studied. These results are encouraging and suggest that the administration of in vitro generated LAK cells early after transplant may have a role in the control of minimal residual disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Castellano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor