title: Evaluation of a new percutaneous stainless steel Greenfield filter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new percutaneous Greenfield filter with an alternating hook design and over-the-wire delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The alternating hook stainless steel Greenfield filter was evaluated in a prospective clinical trial between March 10, 1994, and January 27, 1995. Filters were placed in 75 patients in nine clinical centers and follow-up with radiographs and ultrasound scans was carried out at 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical trial results revealed successful placement in all patients. There were four cases of filter limb asymmetry (5.3%) without clinical sequelae, with one incidence of failure to span the cava. No significant migration was found. There were no clinically suspected pulmonary emboli, but one instance of probable caval penetration (1.7%) did occur. Caval occlusion was documented in three patients (5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percutaneous stainless steel Greenfield filter provides ease of insertion and improved deployment while maintaining the high standards of efficacy and safety associated with the standard and titanium Greenfield filters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hausmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonn
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Dolmatch
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Eschelman
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Flick
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Waltman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D013193:Stainless Steel; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel