title: Expression and function of adenosine receptors in the chinchilla cochlea.
abstract: Previous studies indicate the presence of adenosine receptors in the cochlear tissues obtained from different animals. This study was initiated to determine the subtypes of adenosine receptor (AR) present in the chinchilla cochlea and to assess their function. Radioligand binding studies demonstrate the presence of both the A1AR and A3AR in membranes prepared from the cochlea, using the radioligands [3H]DPCPX and [125I]APNEA. Estimates of the number (Bmax) of A1AR and A1AR plus A3AR by saturation curves were 118 +/- 13 and 417 +/- 120 fmol/mg, respectively, with the respective equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) averaging 2.7 +/- 0.2 and 26.3 +/- 13.8 nM. No significant number of A2aAR were detected using [3H]CGS21680. The nonhydrolyzable adenosine analog R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA, 1 microM) elicited a small but significant degree of inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity (10.4 +/- 2.5%) in cochlear membrane preparations, which was insensitive to blockade by theophylline (100 microM). Furthermore, R-PIA elicited an increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in dissociated cell preparations obtained from the cochlea. No significant effect of R-PIA was observed on auditory measures such as auditory brainstem evoked response, cochlear action potential and endocochlear potential following round window application. However, round window application of R-PIA elicited significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest a potential cytoprotective role of adenosine in the cochlea against oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Maggirwar
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002682:Chinchilla; D003051:Cochlea / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003055:Cochlear Microphonic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000378:metabolism; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014970:Xanthines / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C086112:N(6)-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyladenosine; D010627:Phenethylamines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014970:Xanthines; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D000241:Adenosine