title: Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata is a peroxisomal protein targeting disease caused by a non-functional PTS2 receptor.
abstract: Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized clinically by a disproportionately short stature primarily affecting the proximal parts of the extremities, typical dysmorphic facial appearance, congenital contractures and severe growth and mental retardation. Although some patients have single enzyme deficiencies, the majority of RCDP patients (86%) belong to a single complementation group (CG11, also known as complementation group I, Amsterdam nomenclature). Cells from CG11 show a tetrad of biochemical abnormalities: a deficiency of i) dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase, ii) alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, iii) phytanic acid alpha-oxidation and iv) inability to import peroxisomal thiolase. These deficiencies indicate involvement of a component required for correct targeting of these peroxisomal proteins. Deficiencies in peroxisomal targeting are also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae pex5 and pex7 mutants, which show differential protein import deficiencies corresponding to two peroxisomal targeting sequences (PTS1 and PTS2). These mutants lack their PTS1 and PTS2 receptors, respectively. Like S. cerevisiae pex cells, RCDP cells from CG11 cannot import a PTS2 reporter protein. Here we report the cloning of PEX7 encoding the human PTS2 receptor, based on its similarity to two yeast orthologues. All RCDP patients from CG11 with detectable PEX7 mRNA were found to contain mutations in PEX7. A mutation resulting in C-terminal truncation of PEX7 cosegregates with the disease and expression of PEX7 in RCDP fibroblasts from CG11 rescues the PTS2 protein import deficiency. These findings prove that mutations in PEX7 cause RCDP, CG11.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Motley
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hettema
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hogenhout
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brites
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: ten Asbroek
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wijburg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baas
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Heijmans
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tabak
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wanders
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Distel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018902:Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D000074437:Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 2 Receptor; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C000614269:PEX7 protein, human; D000074437:Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 2 Receptor; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins