title: Effects of drugs which influence renal transport systems on the urinary excretion of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol and the anabolic steroids ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the illegal application of clenbuterol, ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone in cattle as growth promoters can be concealed by co-treatment with drugs that affect urinary excretion. Six male veal calves were fed with 0.8 micrograms clenbuterol kg-1 of body weight (BW), 3.5 micrograms ethinylestradiol kg-1 BW and 35 micrograms methyltestosterone kg-1 BW together twice daily for 28 days. At the eighth day of clenbuterol, ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone treatment each calf was additionally fed either with probenecid, para-aminohippuric acid, trimethoprim, famotidine or cimetidine at three different doses which were increased in weekly intervals. During the treatment 24 h-urine and blood samples (once daily) were obtained and analysed for clenbuterol, ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone by specific enzyme immunoassay. By high performance liquid chromatography/enzyme immunoassay it was determined whether these drugs or their metabolites interfered with the immunological detection of the growth promoters. Clenbuterol, ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone could be detected in plasma and urine throughout the whole experiment. Co-treatment with probenecid led to a five-fold reduction in urinary excretion of ethinylestradiol and co-treatment with trimethoprim led to a three-fold reduction in urinary excretion of clenbuterol. None of the drugs reduced urinary excretion of the growth promoters to concentrations below the limit of detection. The detection of these three growth promoters in urine samples from calves which were co-treated with the drugs tested in this study can thus not be prevented.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologie, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleixner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sauerwein
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008777:Methyltestosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D008777:Methyltestosterone; D002976:Clenbuterol