title: Male infertility caused by epididymal dysfunction in transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutation of retinoic acid receptor alpha 1.
abstract: Retinoids are thought to be required for the normal development and maturation of a number of tissues, including most epithelia. The action of retinoids appears to be mediated through the binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in the nucleus. The activity of retinoic acid can be inhibited in cells carrying dominant negative mutations of RAR alpha. We created transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of RAR alpha driven by the murine mammary tumor virus promoter. Expression of the transgene was evident in the epididymis and vas deferens in transgenic males. These males were either infertile or had reduced fertility, and the epithelium lining the ducts of the epididymis and vas deferens had undergone squamous metaplasia. Sperm developed normally in the testis but degenerated in the epididymis and vas deferens because inspissated ductal fluid blocked the normal passage of the sperm.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boekelheide
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Vanderhyden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: McBurney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004822:Epididymis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics; D008679:Metaplasia; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C000607071:RARA protein, human; C000607072:Rara protein, mouse; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D007633:Keratins