title: Expression, purification, and properties of the aldehyde dehydrogenase homologous carboxyl-terminal domain of rat 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
abstract: The liver cytosolic enzyme, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH) (EC 1.5.1.6) catalyzes two reactions: the NADP+-dependent oxidation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2 and the NADP+-independent hydrolysis of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and formate. The COOH-terminal domain of the enzyme (residues 420-902) is about 48% identical to a family of NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3), and FDH possesses aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. We expressed the COOH-terminal domain (residues 420-902) of FDH in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. The recombinant protein was released from insect cells to the culture medium and was purified from the medium by a two-step procedure: precipitation with 35% saturated ammonium sulfate followed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The purified COOH-terminal domain displayed aldehyde dehydrogenase activity similar to that of native FDH but had neither dehydrogenase nor hydrolase activity toward folate substrates. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of the COOH-terminal domain and FDH was independent of the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol while 10-FDDF dehydrogenase activity of FDH occurred only in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The COOH-terminal domain existed as a tetramer showing that the sites for oligomerization of subunits in native FDH resides in this domain. Using titration of tryptophan fluorescence, it was found that the COOH-terminal domain bound NADP+ to the same extent as FDH (Kd 0.2 and 0.3 microM, respectively) but did not bind folate. Both FDH and its COOH-terminal domain also bound NAD+ (Kd 11 and 16 microM, respectively) as measured by fluorescence titration. Both proteins were able to catalyze the aldehyde dehydrogenase reaction utilizing NADP+ or NAD+, but the Km for NAD+ was three orders higher than that for NADP+ (2 mM and 1.5-2.0 microM, respectively). The concentration of NAD+ required for the reaction was high compared with the physiological level of NAD+, suggesting that the reaction does not occur in vivo. NAD+ at physiological concentrations stimulated the aldehyde dehydrogenase reaction performed by FDH or its COOH-terminal domain using NADP+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Krupenko
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000099295:Formyltetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase
chemical_list: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D009243:NAD; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D000099295:Formyltetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase