title: Reversible abnormalities in the ophthalmic arteries detected by color Doppler imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate dynamic, reversible abnormalities in ophthalmic artery blood flow velocity identified with color Doppler imaging (CDI) in patients with clinical findings of ocular ischemia with and without carotid artery stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One patient with ocular ischemia and normal carotid arteries had abnormal ophthalmic artery velocities demonstrated by CDI. Two other patients with reversed ophthalmic artery flow and critical internal carotid artery stenosis were studied before and after carotid endarterectomy. Peak systolic and diastolic velocities as well as pulsatility indices of ophthalmic, posterior ciliary, and central retinal arteries were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient who had ocular ischemic syndrome without carotid artery stenosis showed increased ophthalmic artery velocities initially, and reversal of flow within the ophthalmic artery subsequently developed. Clinical findings and symptoms improved gradually as ophthalmic artery, posterior ciliary, and central retinal artery velocities increased. The patients with critical internal carotid artery stenosis had reversed ophthalmic artery blood flow initially which reverted to normal after carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular ischemic syndrome may occur due to abnormal blood flow in the ophthalmic artery in the absence as well as in the presence of carotid artery stenosis. Flow dynamics in the ophthalmic artery and its branches can be shown by CDI to revert toward normal as the clinical findings improve spontaneously or after opening an occluded carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hedges
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Heggerick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000098:blood supply; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color