title: Adrenomedullin mediates coronary vasodilation through adenosine receptors and KATP channels.
abstract: The following experiments were conducted to determine whether, and the mechanisms through which, endogenous peptides alter coronary artery blood flow. Ultrasonic transit time probes were placed around the ascending aorta and left anterior descending coronary artery in groups of anesthetized, open-chest dogs. A Millar pressure catheter monitored left ventricular developed pressure. Intracoronary artery bolus injections of adenosine (a purinergic receptor activator), pinacidil (a KATP channel activator), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; which causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation by intracellular increases in cyclic-AMP), and adrenomedullin (mechanism unknown) each significantly (P < 0.05, Student's t test) increased coronary blood flow in a dose-dependent fashion, without altering systemic hemodynamic measurements. Intracoronary artery injection of U37883A (a KATP channel antagonist) significantly (P < 0.05) blocked the coronary vasodilator responses to adenosine, adrenomedullin, and pinacidil. Intracoronary xanthine amine congener (an adenosine receptor antagonist) blocked only the responses to adenosine and adrenomedullin, not pinacidil. Intracoronary CGRP8-37 (CGRP receptor antagonist) blocked only the vasodilator response to CGRP. These data suggest that the coronary vasodilator effect of adrenomedullin is initiated first by activation of adenosine receptors, and subsequently through KATP channels-not by activation of CGRP receptors. That there were no changes in left ventricular developed pressure or in systemic hemodynamics after intracoronary artery infusions of adrenomedullin indicates that this endogenous peptide may have clinical utility in facilitating myocardial protection or preconditioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sabates
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pigott
authors.forename: E U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lippton
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077221:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000077221:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists; D009025:Morpholines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014970:Xanthines; C058636:calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); D053607:Adrenomedullin; C082658:U 37883A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C051869:8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D000218:Adamantane