title: The great efficacy of personal and equipment assistance in reducing disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Personal and equipment assistance are common strategies to reduce disability. This study sought to determine how often assistance reduces or even completely resolves health-related difficulties in everyday tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study. Adults aged 35 to 90 reported difficulty doing 12 everyday tasks on their own without assistance. Those stating that they had much difficulty or were unable were asked if they had personal assistance and/or equipment assistance, and their degree of difficulty with assistance. Use and efficacy of assistance are studied by gender, age, intrinsic (unassisted) degree of difficulty, and type of assistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most people use assistance for the 12 tasks; "personal assistance only" is the principal type used for upper-extremity and body transfer tasks; "equipment only" ranks first for lower-extremity tasks. Assistance reduces difficulty for the great majority of persons (75% to 85%) and completely resolves difficulty for about 25%. Equipment only proves to be the most efficacious strategy for reducing and resolving limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Equipment's success may be due to greater perceived gains when people accomplish the assistance by themselves.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2007, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Verbrugge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rennert
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Madans
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States