title: A region of the ryanodine receptor critical for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.
abstract: Ca2+ release mediated by the ryanodine receptor (RyR) regulates many important cell functions including excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in skeletal muscle, by which membrane depolarization controls the opening of RyR via the dihydropyridine receptor. Among the three RyR subtypes, RyR-1 mediates skeletal muscle E-C coupling, whereas RyR-2 and RyR-3 cannot substitute for RyR-1. We carried out expression experiments using cultured mutant skeletal myocytes not having intrinsic intracellular Ca2+ release channels to study the structure-function relationship of amino acid residues 1303-1406 in RyR-1 (D2 region). In this region the amino acid sequences are highly divergent between RyR-1 and RyR-2, and the corresponding sequence is lacking in RyR-3. Expression of RyR-1 but not of RyR-2 rescued E-C coupling in the mutant cells. Deletion of either the entire D2 region or its N-terminal half from RyR-1 preserved the function of RyR-1 as a Ca2+ release channel but resulted in the loss of E-C coupling. Substitution of the D2 region for the corresponding sequence of RyR-2 had no effect on the function of RyR-1. These results indicate that the presence of the D2 region is critical for E-C coupling in skeletal muscle, although the D2 region alone cannot determine the functional difference between RyR-1 and RyR-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimuta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iino
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D002118:Calcium