title: Oltipraz chemoprevention trial in Qidong, People's Republic of China: study design and clinical outcomes.
abstract: In 1995, 234 adults from Qidong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, where hepatocellular carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer deaths and exposure to dietary aflatoxins is widespread, were enrolled and followed in a Phase II chemoprevention trial. The goals of the study were to define a dose and schedule of oltipraz for reducing levels of validated aflatoxin biomarkers and to characterize dose-limiting toxicities. Healthy eligible individuals, including those infected with hepatitis B virus, were randomized to receive either 125 mg of oltipraz daily, 500 mg of oltipraz weekly, or placebo. Blood and urine specimens were collected to monitor toxicities and evaluate biomarkers over the 8-week intervention period and subsequent 8-week follow-up period. Unique trial aspects included a synchronous follow-up schedule, daily observed administration of all medications, timely international data transference, and use of biomarkers as outcomes. One hundred thirty-two participants took their medications without interruptions, approximately 77% contributed all nine urine samples, and 78% contributed all seven blood samples. Fifty-one participants (21.8%) reported clinical adverse events. An extremity syndrome, developing soon after the start of treatment, was the only event that occurred more frequently (P = 0.002) among the active groups (18.4 and 14.1% of the daily 125 and weekly 500 mg arms, respectively) compared with placebo (2.5%). The oltipraz arms did not differ in symptom type or severity, and there were no indications of exacerbated drug intolerance among the few participants infected with hepatitis B virus. The good compliance with an intense follow-up schedule shows that chemoprevention trials with biomarker end points may be conducted in such populations.
authors.affiliation: Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Q N
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarba
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Egner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Groopman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Helzlsouer
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kensler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000348:Aflatoxins; D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes; C026209:oltipraz