title: Mammography film processor replenishment rate: bromide level monitoring.
abstract: The effects of the mammography film processing replenishment rate on contrast and speed are studied sensitometrically. Two experiments studied decreasing replenishment rates in the Kodak RP developer and quantified changes in the developer by measuring bromide ion concentrations. First, values of NaBr concentration from 1.7 to 8.4 g/L, achieved by reducing the replenishment rate, were tested with sensitometry strips. Second, the developer replenishment rate of a high volume dedicated mammography processor was reduced by one-third, to 20 cm3/1560 cm2, so that the NaBr concentration rose from 2.0 to 12.36. Sensitometric results for four film types and patient films were tested for changes from standard values as NaBr concentration was restored to 3.31 g/L. Fifty-five clinical images obtained at 7.3-9.3 NaBr g/L were compared to their matching previous films, with NaBr levels of 2-3 g/L, for contrast and visibility of the skin line. For the range of the NaBr ion from 1.7 to 7 g/L, no significant sensitometric differences were found. Above 7 g/L, different film types had different sensitometric results. From 7.3 to 9.3 NaBr g/L, 47.5% of the clinical films reviewed by four radiologists had less contrast compared to previous films. Dedicated mammography processors with high film volume (i.e., those that do not have excessive oxidation or foreign dye problems) can operate at lower replenishment rates than are currently employed. All common mammography film types are stable at these lower replenishment rates up to 7.0 NaBr g/L.
authors.affiliation: Iris Cantor Breast Imaging Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90095, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kimme-Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wuelfing
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kitts
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cagnon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basic
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bassett
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D001965:Bromides; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D014962:X-Ray Film
chemical_list: D001965:Bromides; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C027938:sodium bromide