title: Concentrations and emission rates of aerial ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, dust and endotoxin in UK broiler and layer houses.
abstract: 1. A survey of the concentration and emission rates of aerial ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, dust and endotoxin was undertaken in 4 examples each of typical UK broiler, cage and perchery houses over 24 h during winter and summer. 2. Overall the air quality within the poultry houses was unsatisfactory as judged by the dual criteria of farmer health and bird performance. 3. Mean concentrations of ammonia ranged from 12.3 to 24.2 ppm while concentrations of methane and nitrous oxide were close to ambient levels. Mass concentrations of aerial dust ranged from 2 to 10 mg/m3 and 0.3 to 1.2 mg/m3 for inspirable and respirable fractions respectively, while endotoxin concentration was typically about 0.1 microgram/m3 (inspirable fraction). 4. Emission rates of gaseous ammonia were rapid (9.2 g (NH3)/h per 500 kg live body weight) and uniform across the three types of building, while emissions of methane and nitrous oxide were slow. Rates of dust emission ranged from 0.86 to 8.24 g/h per 500 kg live body weight in the inspirable size fraction.
authors.affiliation: BioEngineering Division, Silsoe Research Institute, Bedford, England.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wathes
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sneath
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens; D004391:Dust; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D008460:Meat; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D008834:Microclimate; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010058:Oviposition; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D006113:United Kingdom; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004731:Endotoxins; D000641:Ammonia; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane