title: Interleukin-4 suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated E-selectin gene transcription is mediated by STAT6 antagonism of NF-kappaB.
abstract: Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted from activated T-helper 2 lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells, stimulates the expression of a number of immune system genes via activation of the transcription factor, STAT6. However, IL-4 can concomitantly suppress the expression of other immune-related gene products, including kappa light chain, FcgammaRI, IL-8, and E-selectin. We demonstrate that IL-4 activates STAT6 in human vascular endothelial cells and that two STAT6 binding sites are present in the promoter of the E-selectin gene. IL-4-induced STAT6 binding does not activate E-selectin transcription but instead suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced expression of the E-selectin gene. STAT6 was found to compete for binding to a region in the E-selectin gene promoter containing overlapping STAT6 and NF-kappaB binding sites, effectively acting as an antagonist of NF-kappaB binding and transcriptional activation. This novel mechanism for IL-4-mediated inhibition of inflammatory gene expression provides an example of a STAT factor acting as a transcriptional repressor rather than an activator.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Inflammation Research, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, USA. brydon.l.bennett@am.pnu.com
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lacson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000235:genetics*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D004247:DNA