title: The challenge posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
abstract: Rapid regulatory developments in the area of environmental endocrine disruption present a series of potential problems that are identified and illustrated with examples taken from the recent literature. A list of priorities is provided, including the need for additional epidemiological and wildlife studies, the derivation of a coordinated testing strategy, agreement on the toxicities expected of endocrine disrupting agents, and acceptance that whole animal assays will be uniquely critical in this area of toxicology. The intrinsic difficulty of attempting to simultaneously study all aspects of endocrine disruption indicates the need to reduce the scope of the problem, which can be achieved by first studying toxicities mediated by sex hormone receptors.
authors.affiliation: Zeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Houthoff
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bars
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Jekat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Miller
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Carpanini
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Randall
mesh_terms: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D002273:Carcinogens; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen