title: Transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography in the staging of lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited information available regarding the relationship between clinical indicators of widespread disease in patients with lung cancer and the findings of transcutaneous ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective survey was made of 279 consecutive patients with lung cancer. By reviewing the patients' records the clinical findings were divided into symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests indicative of metastatic disease. All patients had been examined by abdominal ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients included 19% with small cell carcinoma. The frequency of abdominal metastases by ultrasonography in those with small cell carcinoma was 40%, in the other patients it was 8%. Regardless of histological group, all the 40 patients with abdominal metastases by ultrasonography had at least one clinical category indicative of widespread disease and 38 (95%) had two or all three clinical categories positive. Fifty nine patients had no clinical indicators of metastases and none of these had abdominal metastases by ultrasonography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that abdominal metastases are found in lung cancer patients with clinical findings indicative of widespread disease. No abdominal metastases were found in patients with a negative clinical evaluation. The results indicate that transcutaneous ultrasonography of the abdomen is not necessary in the initial staging if the clinical evaluation is unremarkable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital of Haukeland, Norway.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taule
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lillo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melgren
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Magnussen
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers