title: Developmental expression of the Bombyx Antennapedia homologue and homeotic changes in the Nc mutant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abundant availability of homeotic mutants in Bombyx mori provides us with clues to study the body plan of the silkworm. Previous studies indicated that the ECa/ECa and EN/EN embryos, which reveal drastic morphological changes (Itikawa 1943, 1952) lack the homologue of abd-A and the homologues of abd-A and Ubx, respectively (Ueno et al. 1992). It will be interesting to characterize a mutant named Nc, the locus of which was mapped about 1.4 cm apart from the E loci (Itikawa 1944, 1952).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study we cloned and identified the Bombyx Antennapedia cDNA from a library of larval middle silk gland. The developmental expression patterns of the Bombyx Antennapedia were analysed in embryos and larval middle silk glands. We found the Bombyx Antennapedia mRNA of the Nc mutant lacks the homeobox region and its downstream region. This defect comes from a corresponding deletion on the Nc chromosome. Development of the Nc/Nc embryos terminates at stage 26, revealing a transformation of the prothoracic legs into antennae, milder changes in the mesothoracic legs, compression between the prothoracic and mesothoracic segments as well as in the gnathocephalon region, and a severe growth suppression of the silk glands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results give a molecular basis and detailed morphological abnormalities of the Nc mutant known since 1944.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki City, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuta
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein; D001483:Base Sequence; D012831:Bombyx / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D017344:Genes, Insect; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors