title: Pulmonary cell infiltration after chronic exposure to (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and cigarette smoke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a microbial cell wall component--(1-->3)-beta-D-glucan--on the inflammatory effect induced by cigarette smoke in a subchronic exposure situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of guinea-pigs were exposed 5 days/week to cigarette smoke, an aerosol of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, or to both.
  
  
  METHODS
  The numbers of different inflammatory cells were studied in histological sections, enzyme digested lung tissue and in lung lavage. Cell enzyme production was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan or cigarette smoke caused only minor alterations in inflammatory cells. Given together they caused an increase in cellularity in the tissue with significantly increased numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. There was also an increase in subepithelial eosinophils. Lung lavage cell enzyme production was slightly lower in the combined exposure group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan synergistically increases the inflammation induced by cigarette smoke. The mechanism may be a downregulation of the macrophage control of inflammatory cell migration into the lung tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöstrand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rylander
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans / Q000633:toxicity*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D047071:beta-Glucans
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005936:Glucans; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D047071:beta-Glucans; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan