title: [Serotypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Madrid].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-1 shows high genetic variability, mainly in the genomic region codifying the envelope proteins, which are the most immunogenic. This fact explains the high heterogeneity of antibodies against HIV-1 epitopes. Both genetic and serologic diversity has allowed to classify HIV-1 variants in several subtypes (genotypes and serotypes, respectively). The clinical and epidemiological significance of infection caused by each subtype remains to be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 154 HIV-seropositive individuals living in Madrid were studied. Serotyping was performed using 4 peptides belonging to the V3 env region. Epidemiological and clinical variables examined in these patients were the route of infection, the year in which HIV infection occurred, the country of birth, and the rate of disease progression (rapid versus slow).
  
  
  RESULTS
  148 (96.2%) samples could be serotyped, and the B class was recognized in 131 (88.5%) of them. Serotype A/C was found in 9 (6.1%). Two samples (1.3%) reacted to peptide E; however, both were also reactive against the B peptide, suggesting co-infection with B and E subtypes. Six samples were EIA-reactive for HIV-1/2 but were typed as HIV-2 alone. Infection with serotypes A/C was more frequent amongst immigrants, mainly in Africans. There was not association between any subtype and the route of infection neither a different rate of disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1 serotype B is the most frequently found in HIV-seropositive individuals living in Madrid, without association with the route of infection or the clinical course of the disease. Serotypes A/C and E were found sporadically, mainly among immigrants.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruppach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Zapico
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rübsamen-Waigmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Lahoz
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
vernacular_title: Serotipos del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 en Madrid.