title: Effect of ovariectomy on the local residual ridge remodeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis and edentulism are two disease processes that affect a large group of elderly people in the United States (24 and 25 million, respectively). These two diseases are independent of each other; however, they have several pathologic symptoms in common, such as reduction in bone mass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether estrogen deficiency or its replacement therapy have any effect on the phenomenon of residual ridge remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three animal groups were formed that consisted of six female Sprague-Dawley rats each. The two groups had ovariectomy and received either a vehicle solution or a daily dose (1.5 micrograms/day) of 17 beta-estradiol delivered through osmotic pumps. The control group underwent sham surgery and received a vehicle solution. Animals were pair fed throughout the experiment. Unilateral molar extraction was performed in the maxilla, which produced a suitable site for examination of histologic characteristics and molecular biologic analyses. At the 4-week postextraction period the bone remodeling activity was noted at the surface of the residual ridge in the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ovariectomized group showed increased bone resorption activity, whereas the surface of the residual ridge alveolar bone of the ovariectomized and estrogen-treated group was covered by a layer of hyaline tissue. Poly(A)+ ribonucleic acid samples were isolated from the remodeling residual ridge tissues. Expression of alpha 2(I), alpha 1(II), alpha 1(IX), and alpha 2(X) collagens were examined by ribonucleic acid transfer dot blots. Compared with the control group, ovariectomized animals showed a reduction in bone formation with decreased expressions of type I and II collagens. In contrast, the estrogen-treatment group showed decreased formation of type I collagen with a much increased expression of type II collagen. Further examination of type II collagen formation on the ovariectomized and estrogen-treated group by means of in situ hybridization revealed the notable labeling by the type IIA collagen probe, which was associated with the surface tissue of the residual ridge alveolar bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that estrogen deficiency and its replacement therapy seem to affect the activity of residual ridge bone remodeling at the molecular level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jahangiri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006818:Hyalin; D015151:Immunoblotting; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008967:Molecular Biology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011061:Poly A / Q000032:analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011061:Poly A; D004958:Estradiol; D012313:RNA; D003094:Collagen