title: Cytochrome c(y) of Rhodobacter capsulatus is attached to the cytoplasmic membrane by an uncleaved signal sequence-like anchor.
abstract: During the photosynthetic growth of Rhodobacter capsulatus, electrons are conveyed from the cytochrome (cyt) bc1 complex to the photochemical reaction center by either the periplasmic cyt c2 or the membrane-bound cyt c(y). Cyt c(y) is a member of a recently established subclass of bipartite c-type cytochromes consisting of an amino (N)-terminal domain functioning as a membrane anchor and a carboxyl (C)-terminal domain homologous to cyt c of various sources. Structural homologs of cyt c(y) have now been found in several bacterial species, including Rhodobacter sphaeroides. In this work, a C-terminally epitope-tagged and functional derivative of R. capsulatus cyt c(y) was purified from intracytoplasmic membranes to homogeneity. Analyses of isolated cyt c(y) indicated that its spectral and thermodynamic properties are very similar to those of other c-type cytochromes, in particular to those from bacterial and plant mitochondrial sources. Amino acid sequence determination for purified cyt c(y) revealed that its signal sequence-like N-terminal portion is uncleaved; hence, it is anchored to the membrane. To demonstrate that the N-terminal domain of cyt c(y) is indeed its membrane anchor, this sequence was fused to the N terminus of cyt c2. The resulting hybrid cyt c (MA-c2) remained membrane bound and was able to support photosynthetic growth of R. capsulatus in the absence of the cyt c(y) and c2. Therefore, cyt c2 can support cyclic electron transfer during photosynthetic growth in either a freely diffusible or a membrane-anchored form. These findings should now allow for the first time the comparison of electron transfer properties of a given electron carrier when it is anchored to the membrane or is freely diffusible in the periplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6018, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Myllykallio
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Jenney
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Moomaw
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Slaughter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daldal
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D045362:Cytochromes c2; D004579:Electron Transport; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000737:chemistry*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016354:Rhodobacter capsulatus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C080693:cytochrome Cy; D045362:Cytochromes c2