title: Simultaneous detection of simian retrovirus type D serotypes 1, 2, and 3 by polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: Asymptomatic infection of macaques with macaques with simian retroviruses type D (SRV/D), the etiologic agents of one form of retrovirus-induced simian immunodeficiency disease, can confound experiments with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which also induces immunodeficiency disease in macaques. The SIV/macaque model is the preferred nonhuman primate model for AIDS-related research. Serological screening for SRV/D alone is insufficient because not all infected animals seroconvert, and virus isolation by cocultivation may require 4 to 6 weeks. We have established a DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. One set of nested primers allows detection of SRV/D serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and distinguishes SRV-2 from the other two serotypes. The PCR assay is sensitive; a single proviral copy of SRV/D could be detected in 150,000 to 210,000 macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When applied to a panel of virus isolation-positive macaque samples, the PCR assay was positive in 100% of the tests. No false-positive results were seen when known specific-pathogen-free (SPF) macaques were examined. We propose that macaques be screened with a combination of SRV/D serology and this DNA PCR assay prior to enrollment in experiments with SIV.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liska
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Lerche
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015301:Retroviruses, Simian / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012703:Serotyping; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env