title: Apraclonidine and anterior segment laser surgery. Comparison of 0.5% versus 1.0% apraclonidine for prevention of postoperative intraocular pressure rise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of 0.5% and 1.0% apraclonidine in preventing laser-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after trabeculoplasty, neodymium: YAG (Nd: YAG) iridotomy, and capsulotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, masked, and randomized study of 83 patients undergoing trabeculoplasty, 62 patients undergoing iridotomy, and 57 patients undergoing capsulotomy. Surgical eyes received one drop of 0.5% or 1.0% apraclonidine immediately after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraocular pressure reduced 2 hours after trabeculoplasty in the 0.5% (P = 0.028) and 1.0% (P = 0.004) groups. Intraocular pressure was higher than baseline in a greater number of eyes treated with 0.5% (12 of 39 eyes, 31%) compared with 1.0% apraclonidine (5 of 44 eyes, 11%) (P = 0.032). Intraocular pressure in eyes with a narrow chamber angle was reduced in 16 (85%) of 19 eyes treated with 0.5% and in 10 (84%) of 12 eyes treated with 1.0% apraclonidine after iridotomy. Of patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, IOP was similar to prelaser values in 11 (69%) of 16 eyes treated with 0.5% (P > 0.7) and 12 (80%) of 15 eyes treated with 1.0% apraclonidine (P > 0.3). In patients undergoing capsulotomy, pressure was significantly lowered in the 0.5% group (P = 0.04) but not in the 1.0% apraclonidine group. After capsulotomy, both treatment groups had similar (P > 0.3) numbers of eyes with an IOP less than baseline (83% for 0.5% apraclonidine and 81% for 1.0% apraclonidine).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single postoperative administration of 0.5% apraclonidine is as effective as the 1.0% concentration in preventing IOP elevation immediately after trabeculoplasty, iridotomy, or capsulotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krupin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruderman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siegfried
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Karalekas
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gieser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000601:surgery*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D007498:Iris / Q000601:surgery; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000601:surgery; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014130:Trabeculectomy
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C016986:apraclonidine; D003000:Clonidine