title: Effects of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin-induced depolymerisation of actin on degranulation of suspended and attached mast cells.
abstract: We studied the effects of C. botulinum C2 toxin, which ADP-ribosylates G-actin, on mast cell degranulation. C2 toxin inhibited degranulation of suspended rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 and dinitrophenyl-conjugated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) maximally by about 50 and 90%, respectively. Inhibition by C2 toxin occurred in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal inhibition of DNP-BSA-induced degranulation by C2 toxin occurred at about 0.015 ng/ml, whereas stimulation of mast cells induced by compound 48/80 was half-maximally inhibited at 0.15 ng/ml C2 toxin. C2 toxin also inhibited stimulated [3H]serotonin release from suspended mast cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced histamine release of suspended mast cells was inhibited by C2 toxin by about 80-90%. C2 toxin had no effect on calcium ionophore A23187-induced histamine release. Toxin treatment of mast cells caused ADP-ribosylation of actin and depolymerisation of F-actin. Attachment of mast cells, which largely increased the diameter of the subcortical actin network, reduced degranulation stimulated by compound 48/80, antigen and calcium ionophore but not by PMA. Opposite to its effect on suspended cells, in adherent mast cells C2 toxin stimulated degranulation by compound 48/80, antigen, and calcium ionophore but not by PMA. The data indicate that mast cell degranulation and responsiveness towards the actin-depolymerising C2 toxin depend largely on mast cell attachment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wex
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aktories
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D007476:Ionophores; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D012701:Serotonin; D000001:Calcimycin; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; C096324:botulinum toxin type C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate