title: Bias effects in three common self-report pain assessment measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Past research has shown response biases to influence the accuracy of results from self-report measures. In pain assessment, where a percentage of patients have financial and other reasons to minimize or exaggerate psychological disturbance, it becomes especially important to identify the influence of response bias in self-report of adjustment. This study investigated the susceptibility of three commonly used self-report pain assessment measures to response bias.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a within-subjects (asymptomatic subjects) design with two experimental conditions and nonequivalent control group (chronic pain patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental group: 40 students enrolled in an occupational therapy program at a major southeastern United States university.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 subjects referred to a multidisciplinary pain clinic at a major teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With few exceptions, asymptomatic subjects scored significantly differently on these measures while portraying themselves as either coping well or coping poorly. In addition, when using the "coping poorly" response set, asymptomatic subjects reproduced scores similar to those of symptomatic chronic pain patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The susceptibility to manipulation appeared constant across the three measures, a finding that highlighted the difficulties clinicians and researchers encounter in accurate interpretation of results from these measures in the absence of validity indicators. This study also emphasizes the ease with which subjects with sufficient motivation can present themselves in an untruthful and manipulative manner and can generate scores that are, on their own, difficult to distinguish from those of a group of typical chronic pain patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kvaal
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Geisser
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires