title: A limited sampling method for the estimation of flunarizine area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
abstract: A limited sampling model has been developed for flunarizine following a 30 mg oral dose in epileptic patients who were receiving phenytoin or carbamazepine or both, to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). The model was developed using training data sets from 30, 20, 15, or 10 patients at one or two time points. The equations describing the models for AUC using two time points (3 and 24h) and Cmax for the training data set of 30 subjects were AUCpredicted = 11.1 C3h + 121.4 C24h - 157 (r = 0.80) Cmax(predicted) = 0.036 AUC + 42.9 (r = 0.74) The model was validated on 64 patients who received flunarizine orally. The model provided reasonably good estimates for both AUC and Cmax. The mean predicted AUC of flunarizine was 1230 +/- 717 ng h mL-1, whereas the observed AUC was 1203 +/- 900 ng h mL-1. The bias of the prediction was 2% and precision was 28%. The mean predicted Cmax of flunarizine was 86 +/- 32 ng mL-1 as compared to an observed mean Cmax of 90 +/- 42 ng mL-1. The bias and precision of the prediction were 4% and 24%, respectively. The method described here may be used to estimate AUC and Cmax for flunarizine without detailed pharmacokinetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sahlroot
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005444:Flunarizine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D010672:Phenytoin; D005444:Flunarizine