Atomistic Processes in the Early Stages of Thin-Film Growth
Growth of thin films from atoms deposited from the gas phase is intrinsically a nonequilibrium phenomenon governed by a competition between kinetics and thermodynamics. Precise control of the growth and thus of the properties of deposited films becomes possible only after an understanding of this competition is achieved. Here, the atomic nature of the most important kinetic mechanisms of film growth is explored. These mechanisms include adatom diffusion on terraces, along steps, and around island corners; nucleation and dynamics of the stable nucleus; atom attachment to and detachment from terraces and islands; and interlayer mass transport. Ways to manipulate the growth kinetics in order to select a desired growth mode are briefly addressed.
Zhang
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Z. Y. Zhang is a research staff member in the Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6032, USA. E-mail: Zhangz@ornl.gov. M. G. Lagally is the E.W. Mueller Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. E-mail: Lagally@engr.wisc.edu
Lagally
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