title: Nutritional value for swine of soybean meal produced by isopropyl alcohol extraction.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to compare the nutritional value of soybean meal produced by extraction with 95% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or hexane (HEX) for swine. The same batch of soybeans and the same processing equipment were used to produce both soybean meals. Analyzed contents of the IPA and HEX meals were, respectively: CP, 48.7, 47.0%; lysine, 3.11, 3.06%; urease, .24, .13 delta pH. In Exp. 1, two soybean meals and dietary lysine at .90 or 1.25% were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Corn-based diets were fed to 32-d-old pigs for 26 d. There were no dietary lysine x soybean meal interactions (P > or = .35). Increasing dietary lysine increased (P < .001) ADG and gain/ feed, but soybean meal source did not affect performance. In Exp. 2, the nutritional value of HEX and IPA meals were evaluated in a N balance study using 34-kg barrows and isonitrogenous corn-based diets containing equal N from either HEX or IPA. Apparent total tract N and DM digestibility were similar for both diets. Nitrogen retention (14.4 vs 13.7 g/d, P < .10) and apparent biological value (56.5 vs 54.5%, P < .05) were slightly higher for HEX than for IPA. The effect of feeding HEX and IPA meals on morphological changes of small intestine in pigs weaned at 21 d of age was investigated in the last experiment. At 28 d of age, weaned pigs that were fed diets containing either HEX or IPA and unweaned control pigs were killed for the examination. Villus height and lamina propria depth at the duodenum were similar among all treatments. At the jejunum, weaned pigs had smaller (P < .05) villus height and greater lamina propria depths (P < .001) than unweaned pigs. Dietary soybean meal source did not affect villus height, but lamina propria depth was less (P < .10) for pigs fed IPA. The results of these experiments indicate that soybean meals produced using IPA or HEX as the solvent have equal nutritional value for swine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: O'Quinn
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Knabe
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lusas
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008871:Microvilli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011897:Random Allocation; D013025:Glycine max / Q000592:standards*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D000433:1-Propanol; D009584:Nitrogen