title: The regulatory subunits of fission yeast protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) affect cell morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis and cytokinesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzymes have a trimeric structure, consisting of a catalytic subunit C and two regulatory subunits A (PR65) and B (PR55). In fission yeast the C subunits, being 80% identical to their mammalian counterparts, are essential for viability and negatively regulate the entry into mitosis. Genetic analyses in budding yeast and Drosophila show that the regulatory subunits are implicated in chromosome segregation, cell morphogenesis and/or cytokinesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We isolated fission yeast genes paa1+ and pab1+ encoding the regulatory subunits PR65 and PR55, respectively. Gene disruption showed that the paa1+ gene was essential for viability while pab1+ was not required at 26-33 degrees C. Microtubule and actin distributions were anomalous in gene disrupted delta paa1 cells which were incapable of forming a polarized cell shape. Gene disrupted delta pab1 cells were pear- or round-shaped, and lost the polar distributions of actin and microtubules. In addition, delta pab1 cells were defective in cell wall synthesis and sporulation at permissive temperatures. At restrictive temperatures, delta pab1 cells showed an osmoremedial temperature-sensitive phenotype and delayed in cytokinesis. However, chromosome segregation was normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fission yeast PP2A regulatory subunit plays a critical role in cell morphogenesis, probably through regulation of the cytoskeletal network and cell wall synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nabeshima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagida
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004330:Drosophila; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2