title: [Superficial sponge anesthesia in cataract surgery (with scleral tunnel incision)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The successful development of cataract operation and IOL implantation in the last decade has resulted in progressive shortening of the incision length as well as in developing safer and simpler anesthetic techniques. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether cataract surgery with scleral incision is possible using only topical sponge anesthesia with oxybuprocaine 0.4%. This method was compared with retrobulbar injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  150 patients (3 groups each consisting 50 eyes) underwent phaco with scleral incision. 1st group: oxybuprocaine sponge anesthesia. 2nd group: oxybuprocaine sponge anesthesia combined with mild systemic analgesia (tramadol p.o.). 3rd group: retrobulbar injection (prilocaine/etidocaine mixture). All patients received medazolam premedication (Dormicum, 3/10 of 1 cc). Pain and discomfort during and after operation were investigated and statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither in group 1, 2 or 3 an additional subconjunctival injection was necessary. Pain or discomfort during operation was felt in 14 percent of the patients anesthetized with the oxybuprocaine sponge but only in 6 percent of the patients additionally premedicated with tramadol (2nd group). Also 6 percent of the patients after retrobulbar injection felt pain during operation. Postoperatively no significant differences between group 1 and 2 were obtained: 6 percent felt pain, 30 percent had a short term foreign body sensation. After retrobulbar injection (group 3) only 10 percent felt postoperative pain or discomfort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topically applied oxybuprocaine provides sufficient anesthesia during cataract surgery with scleral incision. A combination with mild systemic analgesia (tramadol) helps to minimize pain and discomfort. Retrobulbur injection yielded only in the postoperative period significantly better analgesia. In the operating room full cooperation of the patient is required. Therefore we recommend not to use sponge anesthesia in cases when communication between surgeon and patient is insufficient.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik im Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wollensak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011343:Procaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012599:Sclerostomy; D015503:Surgical Sponges; D014147:Tramadol
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014147:Tramadol; D011343:Procaine; C005298:benoxinate
vernacular_title: Sponge-Oberflächenanästhesie in der Kataraktchirurgie (bei skleralem Tunnelschnitt).