title: Raised serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Nitric oxide and its highly reactive derivative peroxynitrite have been implicated as non-specific inflammatory mediators of neuronal and oligodendrocyte damage and death in multiple sclerosis. In a cross-sectional study we found levels of the nitric oxide metabolites nitrate and nitrite to be raised in the serum of patients with demyelinating disease (65.6 microM (SD 32.9)), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (57.9 microM (SD 34.9)) and inflammatory neurological disease (57.5 microM (SD 31.3)), compared with normal control subjects (32.8 microM (SD 12.2)) and patients with non-inflammatory neurological disease (41.1 microM (SD 12.3), p < 0.001). Nitric oxide metabolites were raised in all clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis, as well as in clinically isolated syndromes compatible with demyelination, and were not related to progressive disease or disability. This study provides further evidence for a role of nitric oxide in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimmunology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heales
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites