title: High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of chondroitin sulphate isomers in human whole saliva in a variety of clinical conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tests have been carried out to assess the level of unsaturated disaccharide isomers obtained from chondroitin sulphate in whole saliva, which contains chondroitin sulphate derived from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole saliva was collected from periodontally diseased subjects (PDS), clinically healthy subjects (CHS) and edentulous subjects (ES). Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were liberated by digestion with Pronase E, and precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride and ethanol. The unsaturated disaccharides obtained by chondroitinase ACII digestion of the liberated GAG were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The unsaturated disaccharides included delta Di-0S, delta Di-6S and delta Di-4S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of data indicated that delta Di-0S, delta Di-6S and delta Di-4S were found in all PDS samples. The amount (ng ml-1 collected whole saliva) of delta Di-0S, delta Di-6S and delta Di-4S (P < 0.01) indicated significant differences between CHS and PDS whole saliva samples. The quantities of delta Di-0S and delta Di-4S (P < 0.01) indicated significant differences between PDS and ES whole saliva. The amount of delta Di-0S (P < .05) and delta Di-6S (P < 0.01) also indicated significant differences between CHS and ES whole saliva. These results indicate that chondroitin sulphate in PDS and CHS whole saliva is representative of that previously reported in gingival crevicular fluid and so provides a useful and alternative means of assessing the role of GAG as indicators of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Prosthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Embery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000378:metabolism*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates