title: Direct bronchial artery revascularization and en bloc double lung transplantation--surgical techniques and early outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung transplantation including direct bronchial artery revascularization (BAR) has produced promising early results in small clinical series.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Copenhagen primary en bloc double lung transplantation with BAR, with the left mammary artery used as conduit, has been performed in 47 patients from 1992 to the end of 1995. After introduction of the bloc into the recipient, the mammary-to-bronchial artery anastomosis is performed as the first anastomosis, allowing perfect exposure and early reperfusion. Internal mammary-bronchial artery arteriography has been performed routinely after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronchoscopic examination performed in all patients documented normal airway healing in 42, disturbed in two, and complicated in three. Arteriography performed in 42 patients demonstrated complete BAR in 25, incomplete in 15, and failed BAR in 2. Failed BAR was associated with complicated airway healing. The 1- and 2-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meyer) is 83%. Eleven patients have died, only one within 30 days. The total incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome at 3 years (with Kaplan-Meier technique) is 33%. Successful BAR has also been performed with an adjusted technique in a limited number of heart-lung and single lung transplantations. Our total experience of BAR in any type of lung transplantation includes 65 patients with an arteriographic BAR success rate of 94% (50 of 53 examined patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experience has improved the surgical technique and has made BAR reliable and safe, be it double lung, single lung, or heart-lung transplantation. Early results are good, but only follow-up will show if long-term results after lung transplantation will be improved by BAR. Already today, en bloc double lung transplantation with BAR is a viable alternative to sequential bilateral lung transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery RT, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arendrup
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brandenhof
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helvind
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stentoft
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thiis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Efsen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Svendsen
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000098:blood supply; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate