title: Identification of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectral features for detection of Aspergillus flavus infection in corn.
abstract: Aspergillus flavus and other pathogenic fungi display typical infrared spectra which differ significantly from spectra of substrate materials such as corn. On this basis, specific spectral features have been identified which permit detection of fungal infection on the surface of corn kernels by photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy. In a blind study, ten corn kernels showing bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF) in the germ or endosperm and ten BGYF-negative kernels were correctly classified as infected or not infected by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. Earlier studies have shown that BGYF-positive kernels contain the bulk of the aflatoxin contaminating grain at harvest. Ten major spectral features, identified by visual inspection of the photoacoustic spectra of A. flavus mycelium grown in culture versus uninfected corn, were interpreted and assigned by theoretical comparisons of the relative chemical compositions of fungi and corn. The spectral features can be built into either empirical or knowledge-based computer models (expert systems) for automatic infrared detection and segregation of grains or kernels containing aflatoxin from the food and feed supply.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schudy
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wicklow
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000348:Aflatoxins; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins