title: Swimming against the tide? A review of the therapeutic community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The therapeutic community is an established psychiatric treatment method which may be in decline. This paper reviews the nature of inpatient therapeutic community treatment, and re-evaluates its role.
  
  
  METHODS
  The principles and practice of such treatment are summarised, with a focus on the functions of staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inpatient therapeutic community is conceptualised as combining sociotherapeutic treatment, psychotherapeutic treatment, and the advantages of the inpatient setting. This unique treatment environment allows for therapeutic regression while mitigating against anti-therapeutic behavioural regression. Research evidence supports the efficacy of therapeutic community treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is needed to assess its efficacy for other diagnostic groups. This intensive treatment approach may be most appropriate for patients who have proved treatment resistant by other means. Possible reasons for the marginalization of therapeutic community treatment are considered. Access to quality inpatient therapeutic community treatment is essential in the provision of a comprehensive psychiatric service.
authors.affiliation: Ashburn Hall, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schimmel
mesh_terms: D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends*; D013808:Therapeutic Community; D016896:Treatment Outcome