title: Early activation signals in endothelial cells. Stimulation by cytokines.
abstract: With limitation to the "proinflammatory program" induced in endothelial cells by exposure to interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6, we review the available data on the signaling for these three cytokines, from receptor engagement to induction of gene transcription. Only a few molecular pathways have been characterized so far, and key issues in endothelial biology, such as endothelial specificity of gene expression and heterogeneity of different endothelial populations, remain largely unexplored.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Immunologia e Biologia Cellulare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy. Martino@IRFMN.MNEGRI.IT
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Introna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines