title: The inactivation of methionine synthase in isolated rat hepatocytes by sodium nitroprusside.
abstract: Methionine synthase, the enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate to homocysteine via the cofactor methylcobalamin, is one of the two established mammalian enzymes that utilise a biologically active vitamin B-12 derivative. Through its substrates, products and downstream metabolites, methionine synthase is directly involved in the sulphur amino acid pathways, polyamine biosynthesis, biological methylations and one-carbon-unit transfers. Rat liver methionine synthase was shown to be inactivated by the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside. The inactivation occurred during the treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner with an apparent IC50 value of 170 microM. Highly purified rat liver methionine synthase was inactivated in a partially irreversible manner with an apparent IC50 value of 10 microM. The inactivation has been attributed to nitric oxide released by sodium nitroprusside. Since biomolecules possessing transition state metals are targets for nitric oxide, the possibility of a nitric oxide-cobalamin interaction could explain the observed inactivation. Nitric oxide is directly involved in different aspects of liver metabolic functions both under physiological and pathological conditions like sepsis and inflammation. The nitric-oxide-induced inactivation of methionine synthase could offer a rational explanation for the cellular and cytotoxic effects of this highly reactive molecule.
authors.affiliation: University-Industry Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolaou
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Waterfield
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kenyon
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gibbons
mesh_terms: D013766:5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D013766:5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase