Hospitalization patterns in severe acute asthma in children.
We set out to determine associations between hospitalization and disease severity before and 2 hours after initiation of asthma therapy in the Emergency Department, and to describe the outcome of patients admitted and discharged. This is a retrospective review of data and charts from a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial (R.C.T.) of 120 asthmatics 5-17 years of age with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 50% predicted, treated with 3 or 1 or 0 doses of nebulized ipratropium added to three albuterol nebulizations administered over 1 hour. None of the clinical parameters measured at baseline were associated with hospitalization. However, by 2 hours after initiation of therapy, both the FEV1 percent of predicted values (% pred.) and the total asthma score were associated with likelihood of hospital admission. Baseline O2 saturation < 92% indicated a longer hospital stay (75.3 +/- 51 hours vs. 43.0 +/- 24.4 hours, P = 0.015) and a later onset of infrequent nebulizations (46.7 +/- 35.1 vs. 26.6 +/- 17.4 hours, P = 0.006). By 2 hours, those with a post-treatment FEV1 % pred < or = 30% and an asthma score > or = 6 of 9 had a high likelihood of hospitalization (86 and 80%, respectively, combined probability 100%), whereas FEV1 % pred > or = 60% and total asthma score < 3 were associated with successful discharge (probability of 92 and 83%, respectively). We conclude that pre-treatment assessments were not associated with hospitalization, while patients with post-treatment FEV1 % pred < or = 30% and a score > or = 6 had high likelihood of hospitalization.
Schuh
S
S
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Johnson
D
D
Stephens
D
D
Callahan
S
S
Canny
G
G
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D009241:Ipratropium; D000420:Albuterol