title: Promotion by mixtures of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-initiated cancer in the liver of female B6C3F1 mice.
abstract: Hepatic tumor promoting activity was determined for mixtures of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in female B6C3F1 mice initiated on day 15 of age with 25 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The mice received in their drinking water from 6 to 50 weeks of age either DCA (7.8, 15.6, or 25 mmol/l) with/without 6.0 mmol/l TCA or TCA (6.0 or 25 mmol/l) with/without 15.6 mmol/l DCA. Proliferative lesions (foci of altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular adenomas) promoted by TCA increased linearly with its concentration and were predominantly basophilic and negative for glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), while those promoted by DCA increased exponentially with its concentration and were eosinophilic and positive for GST-pi. The promoting activity of DCA and TCA in mixtures was at least additive. The proliferative lesions resulting from exposure to the mixtures were predominately similar to those promoted by DCA, i.e. contained eosinophilic and GST-pi-positive hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Ohio, Department of Pathology, Toledo 43614, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size; D013997:Time Factors; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid; D005982:Glutathione Transferase