title: Tumor uptake and metabolism of copper-67-labeled monoclonal antibody chCE7 in nude mice bearing neuroblastoma xenografts.
abstract: METHODS
  ChCE7, an internalizing, neuroblastoma-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), and its F(ab')2 fragments were derived with the bifunctional ligand 4-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-1-yl)-methyl benzoic acid tetrahydrochloride (CPTA) and labeled with the potential therapeutic nuclide 67Cu. After internalization and degradation of these immunoconjugates in SKN-AS human neuroblastoma cells, the terminal degradation product was found to be the lysine adduct of the copper complex. In vivo distributions in nude mice bearing neuroblastoma xenografts were studied and extracts from tumor and tissue samples were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intact MAb showed high tumor uptake, stable over 4 days postinjection (33.7% +/- 2.8% ID/g), with tumor/blood ratios increasing from 4.4 on Day 1 to 23.0 on Day 7 postinjection and low levels of radioactivity in other tissues. Analysis of tumor extracts by gel filtration chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that over the period of 4 days radioactivity was present both in a high M(r) form, consisting of the MAb/antigen complex, as well as in a low M(r) form, consisting of the copper complex attached to short peptides, including the lys-CPTA complex. There was no evidence of aggregates or MAb/antigen complexes in the blood, radioactivity being exclusively in the form of intact MAb, and radioactivity in the liver was found to consist of intact MAb, MAb fragments and the lys-CPTA metabolite. In the case of the F(ab')2 fragments, high accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys was observed and analysis of kidney extracts showed it to be due to rapid accumulation of the lys-CPTA complex. When kidney uptake and retention of the CPTA complex as well as of its lysine and glycine adducts was investigated, the lysine complex was taken up more strongly and retained longer in the kidneys than the other compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Copper-67-labeled MAb chCE7 F(ab')2 fragments were prepared using a novel bifunctional copper ligand 1-(p-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodecane-4,7,10-triacetate (DO3A). Compared with MAb-chCE7 F(ab')2 fragments labeled by the CPTA ligand, labels using the DO3A ligand showed improved biodistributions resulting, 48 hr postinjection, in a 4-fold increase in tumor uptake and a 4-fold reduction of radioactivity in the kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, Radiopharmacy Division, Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Novak-Hofer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Maecke
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Amstutz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schubiger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001565:Benzoates; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C105391:4-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-1-yl)methylbenzoic acid; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001565:Benzoates; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins