title: Identification of cis-regulatory elements in the upstream regulatory region of human papillomavirus type 59.
abstract: Human papillomavirus type 59 (HPV-59) was cloned from a vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. This virus is closely related to HPV-18 and -39 (60% homology in nucleotide sequence) and is grouped with the genital HPV types. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the HPV-59 E2 transactivator represses its E6 promoter-mediated transcription. We have also analyzed cis-regulatory elements in the upstream regulatory region (URR) of HPV-59 using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase assays as well as electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA). The results allow for a subdivision of the HPV-59 URR into three regions of activity: distal (nt 7149-7493), central (nt 7493-7742), and proximal (nt 7742-7748). In particular, the 250 bp (nt 7493-7742) of the central region plays an important role as a constitutive enhancer element for the maximal transcription of the E6 promoter. Our results suggest that the transcription factors AP1, Oct1, SP1 and unidentified factors bind to the HPV-59 E6 promoter region, whereas NF1, GRE and TFIID fail to bind despite the presence of putative binding sites in the DNA sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, South Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Villiers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051863:Host Cell Factor C1; D006801:Humans; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497692:HCFC1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051863:Host Cell Factor C1; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C494165:POU2F1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C080333:transcription factor nuclear factor 1