title: Distribution of sirolimus in rat tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the distribution of sirolimus (SRL, rapamycin), an immunosuppressive macrolide antibiotic, in the tissues of adult male Wistar-Furth rats following continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) and repeated daily peroral gavage (PO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals received 14-day courses of SRL by either CIVI (0.04-0.4 mg/kg/day) or PO (0.4-1.6 mg/kg/day) administration. Samples of whole blood and homogenates of five solid organs (heart, kidney, liver, lung and spleen), and portions of intestinal, muscle and testicular tissues were prepared on day 13 of CIVI treatment or 24 hours after administration of the 14th PO dose. SRL concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with reference to calibration curves produced from SRL-spiked whole blood or tissue homogenates prepared from drug-free animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following PO but not CIVI administration, SRL concentrations in whole blood and all tissues increased linearly in relation to dose. SRL was extensively distributed among most tissues tested (tissue partitions coefficients of > 40 were observed in some cases). Comparatively, SRL whole blood concentrations were low. The ratio between the SRL whole blood concentrations after PO versus after CIVI administration (at like doses of 0.4 mg/kg/day) was 0.04. Therefore, we inferred that the oral bioavailability of SRL was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The linear relationships between PO dose and SRL concentrations in whole blood and tissues may be attributed to the low oral bioavailability of SRL, which is indicated by the low levels of SRL observed in whole blood and tissues after PO administration. The nonlinear relationships between CIVI dose and SRL concentrations in whole blood and tissues may result because although whole blood depots may be saturated with SRL, the tissues continue to absorb SRL as the dose of SRL increases. Thus, because a high percentage of SRL is widely distributed into tissues stores, caution must be used when administering this drug in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, University of Texas Medical School at Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stepkowski
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kahan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011090:Polyenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020123:Sirolimus; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011090:Polyenes; D020123:Sirolimus