title: Release of lipopolysaccharide toxicity-modulating proteins in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass using noncoated and heparin-coated extracorporeal circuits. A clinical pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a generalized inflammatory response, including activation of leukocytes, contributing to postoperative morbidity. The inflammatory pathways leading to this systemic inflammatory response syndrome are considered identical to those involved in septic shock. Therefore, we studied the release of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14)-all proteins that modulate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-in patients undergoing CPB. In addition, the effect of heparin coating of the extracorporeal bypass circuit on the release of these parameters was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized clinical pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiothoracic Surgery Department in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were included. Seven patients underwent CPB using a standard, noncoated extracorporeal circuit, and seven patients had CPB using a heparin-coated extracorporeal circuit (Duraflo II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken after induction of anesthesia, just before aortic crossclamping, and 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after declamping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPB with a noncoated extracorporeal circuit induced a sharp increase in neutrophil-derived BPI, manifest directly after release of the aortic crossclamp, which was significantly attenuated using a heparin-coated system. Also, CPB induced a gradual increase of the acute-phase reactant LBP, which was identical in the noncoated and heparin-coated groups. Systemic release of sCD14 after crossclamp release was significantly higher in the noncoated group compared with the heparin-coated group, but did not rise above baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm that CPB-induced leukocyte activation is attenuated using a heparin-treated extracorporeal circuit and point to the possible role of LPS toxicity-modulating proteins in the systemic inflammatory response after bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maessen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weerwind
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dentener
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buurman
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006493:Heparin; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein