title: The PRK2 kinase is a potential effector target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization.
abstract: The Ras-related Rho family GTPases mediate signal transduction pathways that regulate a variety of cellular processes. Like Ras, the Rho proteins (which include Rho, Rac, and CDC42) interact directly with protein kinases, which are likely to serve as downstream effector targets of the activated GTPase. Activated RhoA has recently been reported to interact directly with several protein kinases, p120 PKN, p150 ROK alpha and -beta, p160 ROCK, and p164 Rho kinase. Here, we describe the purification of a novel Rho-associated kinase, p140, which appears to be the major Rho-associated kinase activity in most tissues. Peptide microsequencing revealed that p140 is probably identical to the previously reported PRK2 kinase, a close relative of PKN. However, unlike the previously described Rho-binding kinases, which are Rho specific, p140 associates with Rac as well as Rho. Moreover, the interaction of p140 with Rho in vitro is nucleotide independent, whereas the interaction with Rac is completely GTP dependent. The association of p140 with either GTPase promotes kinase activity substantially, and expression of a kinase-deficient form of p140 in microinjected fibroblasts disrupts actin stress fibers. These results indicate that p140 may be a shared kinase target of both Rho and Rac GTPases that mediates their effects on rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Settleman
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D020703:ras GTPase-Activating Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020703:ras GTPase-Activating Proteins; C061570:protein kinase N; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein