title: Conduct disorder, enuresis and specific developmental delays in two types of encopresis: a case-note study of 63 boys.
abstract: Encopresis, defined as the passage of stool in an unacceptable place, may occur either as a failure to establish toilet training (primary encopresis), or as a subsequent breakdown in that training (secondary encopresis). A case-note study of sixty-three encopretic boys was undertaken to test the hypothesis that primary and secondary encopresis differed in their associated psychopathology. Boys with primary encopresis were more likely to have developmental delays (p<0.001) and enuresis (p<0.05) than boys with secondary encopresis. Those with secondary encopresis had excesses of psychosocial adversity (p <0.001) and conduct disorder (p <0.05) compared to those with primary encopresis. These results suggest that future research should clearly distinguish these two subtypes when investigating the associated psychopathology of encopresis in boys; research is needed to establish if these associations hold for girls also.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry School of Postgraduate-Medicine and Biological Sciences, Keele University, England.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Thambirajah
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004688:Encopresis / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors