title: Orbital color Doppler imaging in carotid occlusive disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define orbital circulation abnormalities identified by color Doppler imaging in patients with severe carotid occlusive disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients referred to a hospital-based neuro-ophthalmology service with hemodynamically significant carotid occlusive disease (> 75% stenosis) were prospectively studied. Eight had signs of ocular ischemic syndrome; 12 of the 24 patients underwent endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak systolic velocity of the central retinal, posterior ciliary, and ophthalmic artery and pulsatility indexes as determined by color Doppler imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Color Doppler imaging was performed using a 7.5-MHz probe. Both eyes were studied in all patients and carotid duplex imaging was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with hemodynamically significant carotid occlusive disease had lower mean peak systolic velocities in the central retinal, posterior ciliary, and ophthalmic arteries and higher pulsatility indexes compared with normal control patients. Endarterectomy improved peak systolic velocities. Reversal of ophthalmic flow direction as a separate variable was unassociated with altered mean central retinal or posterior ciliary artery flow velocities. Patients with ocular ischemic syndrome may have similar orbital color Doppler imaging findings compared with patients with severe carotid occlusive disease without overt manifestations of chronic ocular ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital circulation is highly adaptable even when faced with severe compromise in proximal blood flow.
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center, Tufts University, Boston, Mass, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mawn
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hedges
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Heggerick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color