title: Analysis of responses to bradykinin in the rat hindquarters vascular bed.
abstract: The mechanism by which bradykinin (BK) decreases vascular resistance was investigated in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rat. Under conditions of controlled blood flow, BK produced dose-related decreases in hindquarters perfusion pressure when injected into the perfusion circuit in doses of 0.1-1.0 pg. Responses to BK were reproducible with respect to time, and HOE-140 (D-Arg, [Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8] -BK), a kinin B2 receptor antagonist, decreased hindquarters vasodilator responses to the peptide. HOE-140 had no significant effect on responses to vasodilator agents, which act by a variety of pharmacologically distinct mechanisms. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine benzyl ester did not decrease responses to BK in doses that decreased hindquarters vasodilator responses to acetylcholine. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors meclofenamate and indomethacin had no effect on responses to BK in doses that attenuated vasodilator responses to the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid. Clotrimazole or 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), cytochrome P-450 arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitors, in doses that attenuated vasodilator responses to arachidonic acid, had no effect on responses to BK. Glybenclamide or U-37883A (4-morpholinecarboximidine-N-1-adamantyl-N'-cyclohexyl), K+-ATP channel antagonists, in doses that attenuated responses to lemakalim, had no significant effect on responses to BK. Finally, des-Arg9-BK, a reported kinin B1 receptor agonist, decreased hindquarters perfusion pressure when injected in doses of 3-30 microg, and responses to the B1 agonist were attenuated by HOE-140. The observation that des-Arg9-BK, in high doses, induces modest HOE-140-sensitive responses suggests that kinin B1 receptors are not normally expressed in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rat. The present results indicate that BK dilates the hindquarters vascular bed by a kinin B2 receptor mechanism that is independent of the release of nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, or P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid or the activation of K+-ATP channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Nossaman
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kadowitz
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D015221:Potassium Channels; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; C024626:bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C065679:icatibant; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D001920:Bradykinin