title: The white blood cell adhesion molecule E-selectin predicts restenosis in patients with intermittent claudication undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction is an early event preceding restenosis. Monocytes and neutrophils have been shown to bind to damaged endothelium via the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The selectins are involved in capturing the leukocytes and tethering them to the endothelium. E-selectin is a CAM that is only expressed on activated endothelial cells. Its ligands are expressed on monocytes and neutrophils and it has been found to exist in a soluble form. This soluble form may represent a marker for endothelial damage and may be a precursor of smooth muscle proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four patients who were undergoing peripheral arterial balloon angioplasty had blood sampled before angioplasty. E-selectin was measured in plasma with the use of an ELISA. At follow-up angiogram, 30% (n=14) of the patients had restenosed at 1 year. There was a significant difference in baseline E-selectin levels in patients who restenosed compared with those who did not (65.3 ng/mL [58.25 to 78.05] versus 52.3 [34.2 to 62.1], Mann-Whitney U, P<.007). Endothelial activation with subsequent adherence of white blood cells is an important step in restenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown an increased level of shed E-selectin in patients destined for restenosis and suggest that this work further supports a role for white blood cell/endothelial interaction in restenosis after angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Belch
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maple
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin