title: Magnetic source imaging of abnormal low-frequency magnetic activity in presurgical evaluations of epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regional cortical dysfunction associated with epileptogenic activity was predicted from interictal localized abnormal low frequency neuromagnetic activity (ALFMA) using Magnetic Source Imaging (MSI). ALFMA can be detected in patients who show no interictal spikes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large array biomagnetometer was used in a blinded, rapid screening protocol. The MSI procedure required no alteration in epileptic medications. MSI results were compared with the presumed epileptogenic region as determined by a consensus of standard techniques, which included MR and electroclinical monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more sites of localized abnormality were detected by MSI ALFMA in 29 of the 33 epileptic patients. ALFMA mapped with MSI showed a 48.5% specificity with respect to the presumed epileptogenic region. MSI ALFMA was in agreement with the final consensus as often as was ictal noninvasive video EEG monitoring, and was exceeded in specificity overall only by invasive ictal video EEG monitoring, which was required for conventional localization in 21 of the 33 patients tested with MSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALFMA measurements with MSI may augment the array of noninvasive methods used for reaching a consensus for epilepsy surgery.
authors.affiliation: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gallen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tecoma
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iragui
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014743:Videotape Recording