title: Somatic symptoms in anxious-depressed school refusers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the most common physical complaints in a sample of adolescent school refusers with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. Whether somatic symptoms are more likely to be associated with high levels of anxiety or high levels of depression was also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four adolescents in a treatment study were evaluated at baseline with structured psychiatric interviews and measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common somatic complaints were in the autonomic and gastrointestinal categories. In simple regression analyses, anxiety level as measured with the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and depression level as measured with the Beck Depression Inventory each significantly predicted the severity of somatic symptoms. The correlation between percentage of days absent from school and severity of somatic symptoms approached significance (r = .27, p = .074).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge that somatic complaints are commonly an expression of underlying anxiety and depression may facilitate more rapid referral for psychiatric assessment and treatment and thereby help avoid unnecessary medical workups and sequelae from school refusal.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Massie
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thuras
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Perwien
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Borchardt
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Crosby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010919:Placebos; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012574:Schools; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos