title: Transactional patterns of child, mother, and father adjustment in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a prospective study.
abstract: Utilized both interview and self-report methods to examine transactional patterns of child, mother, and father adjustment in a sample of children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Overall, levels of child and parental adjustment were relatively stable over the 1-year study period. Regression analyses revealed that increases in fathers', but not mothers', distress over time contributed significant incremental variance to poorer subsequent children's adjustment, after controlling for demographic (age, gender, and SES) and disease parameters (illness duration and metabolic control). Decline in fathers' adjustment was a significant predictor of better mothers' adjustment at follow-up; child adjustment was not significantly associated with mothers' adjustment. Variations in both children's and mothers' adjustment made significant, independent contributions to predicting subsequent fathers' adjustment. Findings illustrate the transactional nature of relationships that exist in families of children with IDDM and underscore the importance of family systems or biobehavioral family treatment approaches in the clinical management of children with chronic illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chaney
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013598:Systems Theory