title: Immunologic advances in monoclonal antibody therapy: implications for oncology nursing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) formation, therapeutic and diagnostic uses of MoAbs, and the implications for oncology nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Books and Journal articles (including research studies).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical trials have demonstrated the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of MoAb therapy. Advances in hybridoma technology and gene-splicing techniques have led to the formation of chimeric MoAbs, which exhibit decreased immunogenicity in the recipient. Clinical limitations with MoAb therapy include cross-reactivity with normal tissues, heterogeneity of antigen expression, presence of circulating antigen, antigenic modulation, tumor size and vascularity, and the anti-antibody response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MoAbs currently are used for diagnostic purposes and in phase I, II, and III clinical trials for cancer treatment. As research progresses, MoAbs are likely to be incorporated into the mainstream of cancer therapy as have other biologic response modifiers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current uses of MoAb therapy in clinical trials involve nurses in many roles, including clinical nurse specialist, staff nurse, and research nurse. As more oncology nurses encounter MoAb therapy in practice, they will have to have an increased understanding of basic immunologic principles and the expertise to manage the unique toxicities associated with MoAb therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology Research, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karius
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marriott
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D010347:Patient Care Planning
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal