title: Minimal progesterone support required for the maintenance of pregnancy in mice.
abstract: A study of the degree of progesterone support required for the maintenance of various stages of pregnancy was undertaken in mice. Mated females were ovariectomized at various stages of pregnancy and progesterone and oestradiol support provided by s.c. Silastic implants with known release characteristics. In the earliest stages of pregnancy (days 1-5), very low concentrations of progesterone (<25% of normal physiological values) were sufficient to maintain pre-implantation stages and allow implantation. In the immediate post-implantation period (days 5-9), the development of implantation sites and decidualization required considerably higher progesterone support. In mid-pregnancy (days 11-14), progesterone alone could not maintain pregnancy unless present in very high amounts; however, the presence of oestradiol during this period lowered the progesterone requirements to well within the physiological range. This effect of oestradiol started on day 11 but required the level of oestradiol support to be kept within strictly defined limits, with high concentrations inducing abortion. Progesterone alone was able to maintain pregnancy from day 15. These results indicate that the minimal progesterone support required for pregnancy in mice varies considerably at different stages of pregnancy and is at least partly modulated by oestradiol.
authors.affiliation: Physiology, Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College, Strand, London, UK.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011255:Pregnancy Maintenance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol