title: Characterization of the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-binding sites of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase.
abstract: Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2), an alpha2beta2 tetramer, catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens. We converted 16 residues in the human alpha subunit individually to other amino acids, and expressed the mutant polypeptides together with the wild-type beta subunit in insect cells. Asp414Ala and Asp414Asn inactivated the enzyme completely, whereas Asp414Glu increased the K(m) for Fe2+ 15-fold and that for 2-oxoglutarate 5-fold. His412Glu, His483Glu and His483Arg inactivated the tetramer completely, as did Lys493Ala and Lys493His, whereas Lys493Arg increased the K(m) for 2-oxoglutarate 15-fold. His501Arg, His501Lys, His501Asn and His501Gln reduced the enzyme activity by 85-95%; all these mutations increased the K(m) for 2-oxoglutarate 2- to 3-fold and enhanced the rate of uncoupled decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate as a percentage of the rate of the complete reaction up to 12-fold. These and other data indicate that His412, Asp414 and His483 provide the three ligands required for the binding of Fe2+ to a catalytic site, while Lys493 provides the residue required for binding of the C-5 carboxyl group of 2-oxoglutarate. His501 is an additional critical residue at the catalytic site, probably being involved in both the binding of the C-1 carboxyl group of 2-oxoglutarate and the decarboxylation of this cosubstrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myllyharju
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kivirikko
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018411:Spodoptera
chemical_list: D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007501:Iron; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase