title: Intracaval extension of germ cell carcinoma: diagnosis via endovascular biopsy and a review of the literature.
abstract: We report a case of testicular carcinoma invading the inferior vena cava. Tumor invasion was diagnosed via endovascular biopsy. This is the first known report of a diagnosis of this entity using endovascular biopsy. We also review the literature on diagnosis and management of inferior vena caval involvement by testicular cancer.
authors.affiliation: Hematology-Oncology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fidias
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Grossbard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior