title: Complications of the transconjunctival approach. A review of 400 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the intraoperative and postoperative complications of the transconjunctival approach, as well as their prevention, management, and outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of the complications in 400 patients who underwent the transconjunctival approach to the lower eyelid or orbit for treatment of orbital trauma or the aging face.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary referral medical center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 8 cases of conjunctival granuloma, 2 cases of entropion, and 1 case each of hematoma, ectropion, prolonged chemosis, conjunctival inclusion cyst, lower eyelid laceration, and avulsion with lacrimal system injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications of the transconjunctival approach are uncommon. When they do occur, proper management results in a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Physician Skin Care and Facial Plastic Surgery Center, Sebastian, Fla, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Holds
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Branham
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D013518:Surgery, Plastic