title: Properdin, a positive regulator of complement activation, is released from secondary granules of stimulated peripheral blood neutrophils.
abstract: Properdin is an important regulatory constituent of the complement system. In contrast to most other components of complement, biosynthesis of properdin is restricted to a few cell types only, i.e., monocytes/macrophages and peripheral blood T cells. This report demonstrates the presence of properdin mRNA in peripheral blood granulocytes and shows that properdin is stored in the granules of human neutrophils and secreted upon stimulation with TNF-alpha, C5a, IL-8, or FMLP. Subcellular fractionation using Percoll density gradients and Western blot analyses revealed that the bulk of properdin is contained in the secondary granules. Moreover, flow cytometric analyses indicated that properdin is present on the surface of neutrophils. In contrast to alternative pathway components, components of the classical pathway of complement activation, such as C2 and C4, were not detected. Our findings suggest that neutrophils can actively stabilize and amplify the alternative activation pathway of complement by secretion of properdin as part of the innate defense against microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wirthmueller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dewald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whaley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eggleton
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Schwaeble
mesh_terms: D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D011415:Complement Factor B / Q000378:metabolism; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D011414:Properdin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011414:Properdin; D011415:Complement Factor B