Factors that control extravascular fibrinolysis.
The physiological and pathophysiological state of tissues determines the exudation of plasma proteins, hemostasis, and fibrinolysis, i.e., inflammation, injury, and malignancy. The physiological controls of extravascular fibrinolysis ultimately rest on a balance between generation of the fibrinolytic enzyme(s), i.e., plasmin, elastase, cathepsins, etc., and inhibitors of the fibrinolytic enzyme(s), i.e., plasminogen activator inhibitors, alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor, alpha 1-protease inhibitors, etc. Moreover, it is the structural modification of fibrin that determines its stability toward proteolytic enzymes and physical duress. The structural modification of fibrin involves factor XIIIa-mediated cross-linking of interfibrin chains and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin. In turn, there are a number of agents that influence factor XIIIa catalytic activity (e.g., sulfhydryl agents, albumin, erythrocytes). The two key proenzymes, factor XIII and plasminogen, are tightly bound with the circulating fibrinogen molecules. Such high selective affinity for fibrin(ogen) provides the reaction specificity in a complex tissue fluid milieu and governs the kinetics of fibrinolysis. Any agents that interfere with such binding reactions, e.g., autoantibodies, may also affect the fibrinolytic reactions. Understanding these unique biochemical controls of factors involved in fibrinolysis may provide an insight into the complex regulatory process of extravascular fibrinolysis.
Chung
S I
SI
Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Young-In, Korea.
Lee
S Y
SY
Uchino
R
R
Carmassi
F
F
D000818:Animals; D005176:Factor XIII / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012790:Shwartzman Phenomenon / Q000503:physiopathology
D012709:Serum Albumin; D005337:Fibrin; D010958:Plasminogen; D005176:Factor XIII