title: Long-term evaluation of postorchiectomy radiotherapy for stage II seminoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine survival, long-term tumor control, and the effects of irradiation for stage II seminoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with stage II testicular seminoma were treated between 1966 and 1989. There were 31 patients with stage IIA disease and 14 with stage IIB disease. All patients underwent orchiectomy followed by iliac and paraaortic irradiation (median dose: 30 Gy), with 37 patients receiving prophylactic mediastinal and supraclavicular irradiation (median dose: 30 Gy). Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 20.6 years, with a median of 9.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uncorrected survival was 98% at 5 years, 84% at 10 years, and 79% at 15 years. Survival corrected for intercurrent disease was 98% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Five patients developed recurrences with four successfully salvaged by chemotherapy and/or irradiation. There were no serious acute toxicities, and no late complications have developed from infradiaphragmatic irradiation. Supradiaphragmatic irradiation was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease compared to the age-matched general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy remains an effective treatment for stage II testicular seminoma, with a 98% adjusted survival rate at 15 years, without serious acute toxicity. Supradiaphragmatic irradiation should not be used in stage IIB patients for whom salvage chemotherapy is an option.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, New York 13210, U.S.A.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Whipple
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Sagerman
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Rooy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis; D009919:Orchiectomy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery