title: Effect of BMI, insulin dose and number of injections on glycaemic control in insulin-using diabetic patients. Studygroup Diabetes Rijnmond (SDR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strict glucose control is essential to the prevention of diabetic complications. The level of glycaemic control in insulin-treated patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a routine clinical setting is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional survey comprising 8 hospitals in the Rijnmond area, The Netherlands, age, body mass index (BMI), insulin dose, number of injections, and HbA1c were scored in 712 patients with insulin-dependent DM (IDDM) and 462 patients with non-insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In IDDM and NIDDM patients, respectively, age (mean +/- SD) was 40 +/- 17 and 65 +/- 12 years, BMI was 24.1 +/- 3.5 and 27.3 +/- 4.1 kg/m2, daily insulin dose was 49 +/- 18 and 44 +/- 18 U (P < 0.001). Intensive therapy (> or = 4 injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) was used in 59% of IDDM and 13% of NIDDM patients. HbA1c below the upper normal limit was achieved in 11% of the patients, and within 20% above the upper normal limit in 37%. Obesity was positively associated with HbA1c in NIDDM patients (P < 0.01). A higher insulin dose was associated with higher HbA1c in both IDDM and NIDDM patients (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good glycaemic control was established in 37% of our patients. Intensive insulin treatment and higher insulin dose did not improve glucose regulation. Obesity is a risk factor for poor glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Elte
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: van Ouwerkerk
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schop
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hoogma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Groenendijk
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin