title: Nuclease sensitivity of permeabilized cells confirms altered chromatin formation at the fragile X locus.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome is caused by the expansion and concomitant methylation of a CGG repeat in the 5' untranslated region of the FMR1 gene which results in the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene, delayed replication of the FMR1 locus, and the formation of a folate sensitive fragile site (FRAXA) at Xq27.3. The mechanism by which repeat expansion and methylation causes these changes is unknown. An in vivo system in which cells were permeabilized with lysophosphatidylcholine followed by digestion with MspI endonuclease was utilized to assess the chromatin conformation at the fragile X locus. The FMR1 gene was inaccessible to MspI digestion in fragile X patients, but not in normal or carrier individuals, confirming that altered chromatin conformation results from the repeat expansion and methylation seen in fragile X syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Eberhart
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002843:Chromatin / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497683:FMR1 protein, human