title: Diagnostic criteria for degenerative, inflammatory, proliferative nonneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions in medaka (Oryzias latipes): consensus of a National Toxicology Program Pathology Working Group.
abstract: Diagnostic criteria are presented for degenerative, inflammatory, nonneoplastic proliferative, and neoplastic lesions in the liver of medaka (Oryzias latipes), a small fish species frequently used in carcinogenesis studies. The criteria are the consensus of a Pathology Working Group (PWG) convened by the National Toxicology Program. The material examined by the PWG was from Medaka exposed to N-nitrosodiethylamine for 28 days, removed to clean water, and sacrificed 4, 6, or 9 mo after initiation of exposure. Degenerative lesions included hepatocellular intracytoplasmic vacuolation, hepatocellular necrosis, spongiosis hepatis, hepatic cysts, and hepatocellular hyalinization. Inflammatory lesions consisted of granulomas, chronic inflammation, macrophage aggregates, and focal lymphocytic infiltration. Nonneoplastic proliferative lesions comprised foci of cellular alteration (basophilic focus, eosinophilic focus, vacuolated focus, and clear cell focus) and bile duct hyperplasia. Neoplastic lesions included hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangioma, and cholangiocarcinoma. Two lesions composed mainly of spindle cells were noted, hemangiopericytoma and spindle cell proliferation. Rather than being an exhaustive treatment of medaka liver lesions, this report draws from the published literature on carcinogen-induced liver lesions in medaka and other fish species and attempts to consolidate lesion criteria into a simplified scheme that might be useful to pathologists and other researchers using medaka lesions for risk assessment or regulatory purposes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. boorman@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Boorman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Botts
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Bunton
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fournie
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Harshbarger
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okihiro
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology; D002759:Adenoma, Bile Duct / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001491:Basophils / Q000473:pathology; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003560:Cysts / Q000473:pathology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D006393:Hemangiopericytoma / Q000473:pathology; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D009990:Oryzias; D014116:Toxicology / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000473:pathology