title: Effect of psyllium in hypercholesterolemia at two monounsaturated fatty acid intakes.
abstract: We performed two studies to determine whether the lipid-lowering effect of viscous soluble fiber was modified by monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). First, psyllium (1.4 g/MJ) was compared with wheat bran (control) in 1-mo metabolic diets by using a randomized crossover design (n = 32 hyperlipidemic subjects). The background diet contained approximately 6% of energy as MUFA (20% of total fat). The second study (n = 27 hyperlipidemic subjects) was similar to the first but the background diet contained approximately 12% MUFA (29% of total fat) because of the addition of canola oil. At both fat intakes, psyllium resulted in significant reductions in total, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared with the wheat bran control. For the psyllium diet at 6% compared with 12% MUFA, the decreases in LDL cholesterol were 12.3 +/- 1.5% (P < 0.001) and 15.3 +/- 2.4% (P < 0.001), respectively. With the higher-MUFA diet triacylglycerol fell significantly over the control phase (16.6 +/- 5.5%, P = 0.006) and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol fell significantly over the psyllium phase (7.3 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.015). Psyllium and MUFA intakes were negatively related to the percentage change in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.34, P = 0.019 and r = -0.44, P = 0.002, respectively). Chenodeoxycholate synthesis rate increased (30 +/- 13%, P = 0.038) with the psyllium diet in the 12 subjects in whom this was assessed. We conclude that psyllium lowered LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations similarly at both MUFA intakes. However, there may be some advantage in combining soluble fiber and MUFA to reduce the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, J Alick Little Core Lipid Laboratory, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. tina.perera@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wolever
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vidgen
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ransom
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mehling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunnane
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Setchell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Teitel
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fulgoni
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011620:Psyllium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D011620:Psyllium; D002784:Cholesterol