title: Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether long-term supplementation with vitamin E enhances in vivo, clinically relevant measures of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 88 free-living, healthy subjects at least 65 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo group or to groups consuming 60, 200, or 800 mg/d of vitamin E for 235 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response (DTH); antibody response to hepatitis B, tetanus and diphtheria, and pneumococcal vaccines; and autoantibodies to DNA and thyroglobulin were assessed before and after supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation with vitamin E for 4 months improved certain clinically relevant indexes of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly. Subjects consuming 200 mg/d of vitamin E had a 65% increase in DTH and a 6-fold increase in antibody titer to hepatitis B compared with placebo (17% and 3-fold, respectively), 60-mg/d (41% and 3-fold, respectively), and 800-mg/d (49% and 2.5-fold, respectively) groups. The 200-mg/d group also had a significant increase in antibody titer to tetanus vaccine. Subjects in the upper tertile of serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentration (>48.4 micromol/L [2.08 mg/dL]) after supplementation had higher antibody response to hepatitis B and DTH. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on antibody titer to diphtheria and did not affect immunoglobulin levels or levels of T and B cells. No significant effect of vitamin E supplementation on autoantibody levels was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that a level of vitamin E greater than currently recommended enhances certain clinically relevant in vivo indexes of T-cell-mediated function in healthy elderly persons. No adverse effects were observed with vitamin E supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. SvMeydanivIM@HNRC.TUFTS.EDU
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Meydani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meydani
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Leka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loszewski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stollar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D014611:Vaccination; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D014810:Vitamin E