title: [Combined breast-preserving surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of breast carcinoma. Effect of the interval between surgery and the beginning of radiotherapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The timing of breast conserving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in breast cancer treatment has become the subject of increasing interest over the last years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four patients who underwent postoperative radiotherapy at our institution between 1985 and 1992 form the basis of this study. Median follow-up time was 5 years. Seventy-three percent of patients were pre- or perimenopausal. Almost all patients (91%) were UICC-stage II. Axillary lymph nodes were positive in 95% of cases. Complete gross resection was achieved in all patients, and in 65% final pathological margins were free of invasive or intraductal carcinoma. Postoperatively, 70% of patients received 6 cycles of polychemotherapy (predominantly CMF) before onset of irradiation. The radiation dose was in almost all cases 60 Gy including 10 Gy boost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five years after start of treatment overall survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence rates were 86% (95%-confidence limits, 76 to 93%), 73% (61 to 83%), and 8% (3 to 16%), respectively. For disease-free survival, the only significant prognostic factor was the number of involved lymph nodes: 0 to 3 = 86%, > or = 4 = 40% (p < 0.0001). The interval between surgery and radiation (< or = versus > 20 weeks) had no significant influence on disease-free survival or local tumor control. In contrast, there was a trend of increased regional and distant failure with shortening of the interval due to the delivery of less than 6 cycles chemotherapy before the onset of radiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, there was no negative impact of a delay of radiotherapy in order to deliver full course chemotherapy before initiation of radiotherapy. However, the low statistical power of this analysis due to the small number of patients must be considered. it appears possible that a less intense chemotherapy before starting radiation treatment correlates with enhanced distant failure and subsequently decreased disease-free survival rates. Therefore, for patients at increased risk for distant metastasis, we prefer to give 6 cycles polychemotherapy before irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Hermann-Holthusen-Institut für Strahlentherapic, Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg, Hamburg.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Würschmidt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bünemann
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Heilmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008593:Menopause; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate