title: Insulin activates protein kinase B, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 and activates glycogen synthase by rapamycin-insensitive pathways in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
abstract: Insulin stimulated protein kinase B alpha (PKB alpha) more than 10-fold and decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) activity by 50 +/- 10% in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Rapamycin did not prevent the activation of PKB, inhibition of GSK3 or stimulation of glycogen synthase up to 5 min. Thus rapamycin-insensitive pathways mediate the acute effect of insulin on glycogen synthase in the major insulin-responsive tissues. The small and very transient effects of EGF on phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3 PKB alpha and GSK3 in adipocytes, compared to the strong and sustained effects of insulin, explains why EGF does not stimulate glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis in adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Kaay
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011090:Polyenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020123:Sirolimus
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D011090:Polyenes; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020123:Sirolimus