title: Acceleration of tibia and distal radius fracture healing in patients who smoke.
abstract: A low intensity ultrasound device was investigated as an accelerator of cortical and cancellous bone fracture healing in smokers and nonsmokers. Statistically significant reductions in healing time for smokers and nonsmokers were observed for tibial and distal radius fractures treated with an active ultrasound device compared with a placebo control device. The healing time for a tibial fracture was reduced 41% in smokers and 26% in nonsmokers with the active ultrasound device. Similarly, distal radius fracture healing time was reduced by 51% in smokers and 34% in nonsmokers with the active device. Treatment with the active ultrasound device also substantially reduced the incidence of tibial delayed unions in smokers and nonsmokers. The use of the active ultrasound device accelerates cortical and cancellous bone fracture healing, substantially mitigates the delayed healing effects of smoking, speeds the return to normal activity, and reduces the long-term complication of delayed union.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ryaby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003100:Colles' Fracture / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy