title: Surgical treatment of urinary incontinence resulting from a complex congenital abnormality in two dogs.
abstract: Two young dogs were presented for the investigation of urinary incontinence. Both were found to have complex urogenital anatomy including a micropenis and a midline vestibuloperineal fistula situated just below the anus. Both dogs were considered to be intersexes and had the karyotype 78XX. In both cases, incontinence was attributed to increased resistance to the passage of urine, with vaginal reflux and subsequent passive leakage. This report details the investigation of these dogs and their surgical treatment to resolve the urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Trower
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007621:Karyotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D010641:Phenotype; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014567:Urography / Q000662:veterinary; D014621:Vagina / Q000503:physiopathology; D014844:Vulva / Q000002:abnormalities