title: Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part I: What do we know about primary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention before disability begins.
abstract: This is the first of two papers that systematically review available scientific evidence on the causes of disability from occupational low back pain, and the effectiveness of interventions to prevent it-before disability begins (primary prevention-Part I) and after its onset (secondary prevention-Part II). This first paper reviews the risk factors for the onset of pain and associated disability followed by a critical summary of intervention studies attempting to achieve prevention and to evaluate the results.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brooker
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: DeMaio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maetzel
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014942:Workers' Compensation