title: Transabdominal extensive oesophagogastric devascularization with gastro-oesophageal stapling in the management of acute variceal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Operation is required for patients with portal hypertension who have failed to respond to emergency sclerotherapy for control of acute variceal bleeding. This study evaluates the role of transabdominal extensive oesophagogastric devascularization combined with gastro-oesophageal stapling for control of acute variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension of different aetiologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transabdominal extensive oesophagogastric devascularization combined with gastrooesophageal stapling was performed in 65 patients (28 with cirrhosis, 17 with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and 20 with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction) in whom emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy, and/or pharmacotherapy and balloon tamponade had failed. The Sugiura procedure was modified to minimize operating time and to reduce the operative difficulties due to oesophageal wall necrosis after sclerotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative mortality rate was higher in patients with cirrhosis (P = 0.0003); sepsis was the leading cause of death (in nine of 18). A high mortality rate (12 of 15) was seen in patients with Child grade C cirrhosis. Control of bleeding was achieved in all patients. The procedure-related complication rate was 17 per cent with a 6 per cent oesophageal leak rate; four of 47 surviving patients developed oesophageal stricture. During a mean follow-up of 33 months, residual varices, recurrent varices and rebleeding were seen in three, two and three of 47 survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transabdominal extensive oesophagogastric devascularization combined with gastrooesophageal stapling is an effective and safe procedure for control of acute variceal haemorrhage with satisfactory long-term control, especially in patients without cirrhosis and low-risk patients with cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Gastrointestinal Surgical Services, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Parel, Bombay, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Soonawala
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Karandikar
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nagral
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Dalvi
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mirza
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome