title: Altered apolipoprotein E secretion in cytokine treated human astrocyte cultures.
abstract: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), postulated to be a major lipid carrier protein in brain, is synthesized and secreted primarily by astrocytes and is involved in brain development and repair. We have analyzed its secretion in primary cultures of older (high passage) slowly dividing and younger (lower passage) rapidly dividing fetal human astrocytes exposed to various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, alone and in combination. ApoE secretion was reduced in high passage astrocytes when compared to lower passage astrocytes. A further reduction in ApoE secretion in high passage cells was consistently produced by the combination of cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha and beta and interferon (IFN-gamma) cytokines or by the basic fibroblast growth factor (basic-FGF) alone. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased ApoE secretion. The combination of these cytokine effects in chronically degenerating brain regions of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases could reduce the amount of ApoE available for neuronal regeneration. EGF, or agents inducing EGF, could ameliorate these ApoE deficiencies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fosmire
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma