title: Dyschromatosis.
abstract: The dyschromatoses are a group of disorders characterized by the presence of both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules, many of which are small in size and irregular in shape. There are two major forms-dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) and dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH), both of which are seen most commonly in Japan. DSH was first described by Toyama in 1929 and is characterized by a symmetrical distribution of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the extremities, especially over the dorsa of the hands and feet. In 1933, Ichikawa and Hiraga were the first to describe DUH as well-demarcated brown macules admixed with various-sized hypopigmented macules in a generalized as opposed to acral distribution. DUH was noted to appear within the first month of life. Some clinicians have suggested that DSH might be a subtype of DUH; however, we have to wait for the cloning of the causal genes of these diseases before coming to any definite conclusions. The differential diagnosis of dyschromatosis includes xeroderma pigmentosum, dyschromic amyloidosis, and exposure to chemicals such as diphenylcyclopropenone and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000009:adverse effects; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000473:pathology; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000009:adverse effects; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017496:Hypopigmentation / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003521:Cyclopropanes; D006873:Hydroquinones; C006429:monobenzone; C029402:diphenylcyclopropenone