title: Why has the search for causes of low back pain largely been nonconclusive?
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional data were collected in a postal questionnaire within the framework of a 5-year randomized, controlled, prospective, population-based study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate to what extent associations differ or concur when correlates of low back pain are rested against various subdefinitions of low back pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Numerous factors have been suspected to cause low back pain, but findings have not been constantly reproduced in epidemiologic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 748 people reporting nonspecific low back pain some time during the year preceding the survey. Six correlates of low back pain (age, sex, marital status, attitude to a healthy life-style, self-reported physical activity at work, and smoking) were cross-tabulated against nonspecific low back pain and against four subgroups of low back pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was only one statistically significant strong association between the potential risk indicators and the nonspecific definition of low back pain, but several emerged when the low back pain group was split into subgroups. Different subgroups of low back pain did, indeed, relate differently to the various correlates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to define some clinically relevant subgroups of low back pain to accelerate the search for causal mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Institute for Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Odense Medical School, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leboeuf-Yde
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lauritsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors