title: Primum atrial septal defect.
abstract: The purpose of this report is to review our surgical experience with primum atrial septal defect. Since 1982, infants with primum atrial septal defect have undergone complete repair consisting of closure of the cleft of the left atrioventricular valve and atrial septal defect with a pericardial patch. Ages at operation ranged from early neonatal period until 5 years. In most patients, echocardiography was diagnostic and cardiac catheterization was performed in children with associated defects. Severe congestive heart failure and left atrioventricular valve regurgitation necessitated earlier correction. Infants with coarctation of the aorta and primum atrial septal defect underwent a two-stage procedure involving coarctation resection followed by complete repair. The early mortality rate is less than 1% and has a reoperation rate of less than 3%. The overall long-term survival of patients with primum atrial septal defect matches that of the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of primum atrial septal defect can easily be made by echocardiography with cardiac catheterization reserved for patients with associated left-sided obstruction. For patients in stable condition, the total repair can be performed before 2 to 3 years of age with minimum mortality. In infants with severe congestive heart failure, earlier correction should be contemplated, although it carries a higher morbidity. The associated coarctation of aorta is infrequent, but requires resection before intracardiac repair. The long-term results with this lesion repair are excellent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-1741, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laks
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pearl
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D004694:Endocardial Cushion Defects / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D007223:Infant; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000601:surgery