title: Tolerance to cadmium cytotoxicity is induced by zinc through non-metallothionein mechanisms as well as metallothionein induction in cultured cells.
abstract: To investigate the relationship between metallothionein induction and zinc-induced tolerance to cadmium cytotoxicity at the cell level, Chang liver cells were pretreated with a wide range of concentrations of zinc sulfate and challenged with toxic levels of cadmium after removal of zinc. It was found that zinc-pretreated cells were significantly resistant even when the extracellular level of zinc was low and metallothionein was not induced by the metal. Pretreatment with zinc resulted in a lesser accumulation of cadmium and metallothionein after challenge with cadmium. In porcine kidney LLC-PK1 cells and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells pretreated with low levels of zinc, the intracellular accumulation of cadmium was significantly less and cadmium-induced decrease in intracellular zinc was significantly prevented without a change of metallothionein content; as the result, the toxic effect of cadmium was significantly diminished. It was therefore concluded that a tolerance to cadmium cytotoxicity is induced by zinc via non-metallothionein mechanisms such as decreasing intracellular cadmium as well as metallothionein induction at the cell level. The non-metallothionein mechanism was postulated to be particularly importatnt when the extracellular concentration of zinc is under the threshold for metallothionein induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005470:Fluorometry; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013552:Swine; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D008668:Metallothionein; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase