title: Is colour flow imaging needed to exclude clinically significant valvular regurgitation in adult patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether clinically significant aortic and mitral valvular regurgitation can be excluded in adult patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography without using colour flow imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, a tertiary referral centre with full cardiovascular services affiliated with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression models were developed from a retrospective review of 14,051 unselected consecutive echocardiograms from 1991 through 1994. The dependent variable was more than mild aortic or mitral valvular regurgitation. Independent variables included age, sex and various functional and structural measures obtained during routine two-dimensional echocardiography. The negative predictive values and sensitivity of the models were estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of patients correctly classified by these models, as well as the proportion for whom the colour flow imaging did not add to the baseline echocardiogram, was determined. Nonparametric bootsrapping was used to obtain confidence intervals for these statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten models were developed, with negative predictive values ranging from 96.2% to 100%. Incorporation of such decision aids into the software of echocardiographic machinery would help echocardiographers to rule out significant aortic or mitral regurgitant lesions. In practices where colour flow imaging is routinely employed, 40% fewer procedures could be performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Models based on simple demographic and two-dimensional echocardiographic variables can reliably exclude significant valvular regurgitation and could potentially reduce the volumes and costs of colour flow imaging. Given the widespread diffusion of colour Doppler imaging, the models may also be helpful to avoid misinterpretation of flow imaging results, by defining subgroups in whom the prior probability of significant aortic or mitral regurgitation is extremely low.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, North York, Ontario. coxjl@is.dal.ca
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sykora
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Naylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color