title: Modulations of cytokine expression in pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the overall anti-infectious and anti-parasitic immunity of parous women appears normal, several aspects of maternal cell-mediated and humoral immunity are altered during pregnancy. This has been suggested to occur via preferential local and systemic secretion of Th-2 type cytokines, which down-regulate or prevent secretion/action of Th-1 type cytokines, in animals as well as in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the influence of gestation on the maternal immune system, we have measured, in pregnant women, the mRNAs coding for several cytokines (TNF alpha, IFN gamma, GM-CSF, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, by use of semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show significant modulations of IFN gamma, IL-1 beta, IL-4, and IL-6 genes expression especially during the third trimester and near parturition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine expression is thus finely tuned in peripheral blood during pregnancy, in a previously unexpected complex pattern, related to gestational stage.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurovirologie, DSV/DRM/SNV, IPSC, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tranchot-Diallo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parnet-Mathieu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Benveniste
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcé
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roques
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milliez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaouat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dormont
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger