title: Determination and correlation of in vitro viability for hairless mouse and human neonatal whole skin and stratum corneum/epidermis.
abstract: METHODS
  Viable tissue is essential to assess the rate and extent of biotransformation during percutaneous absorption in vitro. We assessed the viability of hairless mouse whole skin (WS) and stratum corneum/epidermis (SCE) and human neonatal SCE following separation from the dermis by EDTA phosphate-buffered saline (EDTA-PBS) incubation or by heat treatment by measuring the conversion of dextrose to lactate. Lactate concentrations in receptor fluid samples were determined using a Sigma diagnostic lactate determination kit. A standard curve was prepared and samples assayed spectrophotometrically at 340 nm using a lambda 2 beta spectrophotometer. Standard curves were prepared for each experiment and correlation coefficient values (r) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that hairless mouse SCE was associated with glucose conversion to lactic acid at an increased rate if incubated in EDTA-PBS for 4 h and used immediately. Lactate production was greater with the dermis present (EDTA-PBS WS). The rate of glucose to lactate conversion in hairless mouse SCE was 20-25% of that found in WS. Compared with Dulbecco's modified PBS (DMPBS)-treated WS controls, the rate of lactate production in EDTA-PBS-treated WS was nearly a 50% less. Heat treatment in water at 60 degrees C to separate SCE from hairless mouse WS appeared to eliminate viability. Viability of hairless mouse SCE, as measured by glucose conversion to lactate, was comparable to human neonatal SCE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the dermis is a significant contributor to glucose metabolism and that incubation in EDTA-PBS is a contributing factor to the overall decrease in metabolic capacity of the tissue. As a result of these findings, hairless mouse SCE appears to be useful as a model for human neonatal SCE in percutaneous absorption studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Micali
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galinkin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palicharla
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D002021:Buffers; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014022:Tissue Survival
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D010710:Phosphates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004492:Edetic Acid