title: Eight hours' inhalation of prostacyclin (PGI2) in healthy lambs: effects on tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study potential toxic effects of long-term (8 h) inhaled prostacyclin (PGI2) on respiratory tract tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized order, either PGI2 (n =7) or normal saline (n = 7) was aerosolized during a time period of 8 h in healthy lambs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institute for Surgical Research of the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 health, anesthetized, ventilated lambs.
  
  
  METHODS
  All animals were endotracheally intubated followed by tracheotomy. PGI2 solution or normal saline was administered with a jet nebulizer (delivery rate 4-10 ml/h; mass median diameter of aerosol particles 3.1 microns).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphological changes after 8-h inhalation of PGI2 solution were compared to those after 8-h inhalation of normal saline. Tracheal and bronchoalveolar tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy in order to assess tissue damage induced by inhaled PGI2. Pathological changes were ranked by a blinded observer following a graduation system ranging from "absence of pathological changes" to "maximal pathological changes". Abnormalities were restricted to the trachea (focal flattening of the epithelium, loss of cilia, slight inflammatory cell infiltration) and alveolar tissue (focal alveolar septal thickening with slight inflammatory cell infiltration), but no statistically significant differences between the PGI2 and control groups were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate the absence of PGI2 aerosol-related respiratory tissue damage after 8-h inhalation of PGI2.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Habler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leiderer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pusch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zwissler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messmer
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000633:toxicity*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011464:Epoprostenol