title: Are dependency and self-criticism risk factors for major depressive disorder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether dependent and self-critical personality traits are associated with specific types of life events and whether these traits change with pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 142 depressed outpatients completing 8 weeks of fluoxetine treatment were administered the Life Experiences Survey (LES) at baseline and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline and endpoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DAS dependency subscale, but not the self-criticism subscale, showed significant correlations with life events regardless of congruency. Baseline HDRS scores were positively correlated with both DAS subscales and total score. The DAS subscales, the total DAS score, and the HDRS all improved significantly with treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm a growing body of research that has found an association between sociotropic or dependent personality traits and life events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Zaretsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D005473:Fluoxetine