title: Management of chronic nonspecific low back pain in primary care: a descriptive study.
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective, descriptive study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for patients with chronic low back pain in primary care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Most previous studies have described the management of acute low back pain, but little is known about the management of chronic low back pain in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six general practitioners involved in the Registration Network of Family Practices of the University of Limburg in The Netherlands participated in this study. All patients and general practitioners were asked to complete a retrospective questionnaire, and there was a 12-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total study population consisted of 524 patients with chronic low back pain. Twenty-three percent of the patients had had radiographs taken during the previous 12 months, and 5% had been examined by other imaging techniques. Twenty-nine percent of the study population had not received and therapy at all, 46% had received medication, mostly (36%) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and for 18% (bed)-rest had been advised. Thirty-six percent of the study population had been referred to a physiotherapist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The therapeutic management of chronic low back pain seems to lack consistency. Clinical guidelines are needed to improve the management of chronic low back pain in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van Tulder
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Metsemakers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies