title: Outcomes of cataract extraction with multifocal intraocular lens implantation: functional status and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors measured functional status after bilateral implantation of a multifocal versus a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, case-control study was done on 100 subjects implanted bilaterally with a silicone-optic foldable zonal progressive IOL under United States Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption protocol and 103 control subjects implanted bilaterally with a monofocal IOL of similar design who were matched on age and postoperative corrected distance acuity. The Cataract TyPE specification, a 17-item functional status instrument, was modified, validated, and administered via telephone interview. The measures of vision, functional status, and quality of life were compared between patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instrument was valid (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94) and correlated moderately (Pearson's r= 0.34) with Snellen acuity. Multifocal subjects were more likely than monofocal controls to never wear spectacles (41% vs. 11.7%; P < 0.001). Multifocal subjects rated their vision without spectacles significantly better than those with monofocal IOLs (9.0 vs. 7.9; P < 0.001). The difference was most significant in rating of near vision without spectacles (7.8 vs. 5.0; P < 0.001). Multifocal subjects reported less limitation in specific visual tasks without spectacles (0.3 vs. 0.8; P < 0.001, where 1.0 represents "slightly" limited). This difference was consistently observed in subscales related to distance vision activities (0.1 vs. 0.4; P < 0.001), near vision activities (0.6 vs. 1.4; P < 0.001), and social activities (0.1 vs. 0.6; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, subjects with bilateral multifocal IOLs reported better overall vision, less limitation in visual function, and less spectacle usage than monofocal controls.
authors.affiliation: The Worthen Center for Eye Care Research, Institute for Health Care Research and Policy, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Javitt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Trentacost
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarantino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity