title: Short-term effectiveness of anticipatory guidance to reduce early childhood risks for subsequent violence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether newly developed anticipatory guidance materials designed to teach the use of time-outs and the importance of reductions in childhood television viewing would be recalled by parents and if their use would result in changes in self-reported parental behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 559 parents of children aged 14 months to 6 years recruited at the time of routine child health maintenance visits at 2 managed care pediatric departments in eastern Massachusetts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person parent interviews were conducted in the waiting room prior to office visits, with follow-up telephone calls 2 to 3 weeks after the visit. Two groups of families were enrolled: a control group who received usual anticipatory guidance and an intervention group who received written materials. Intervention group providers were trained to include study topics during the office visit and to introduce the written materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Provider training and the provision of written materials increased the parents' specific recall of anticipatory guidance of at least 2 to 3 weeks following the office visit. This effect was specific to the areas of intervention and did not carry over to other commonly used topics of anticipatory guidance. Among parents who had never used a time-out prior to the office visit, there was a significant increase in the use of time-outs. Parents who received anticipatory guidance regarding the link between exposure to television violence and subsequent violence in children were somewhat more likely to report reductions in weekend television viewing than were parents in the control group, although this change was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain parenting behaviors have been associated with subsequent violence. Brief, inexpensive anticipatory guidance in relevant areas, provided in the context of routine health supervision visits, appears to result in favorable short-term changes in parenting practices.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sege
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stigol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spivak
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D016487:Parenting; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013690:Television; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*