title: The Fontan procedure for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: operative and late results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of the study were to evaluate the operative and late mortality associated with the Fontan procedure in patients with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum and to obtain follow-up information on the current clinical status of surviving patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Between 1979 and October 1, 1995, 40 patients with the anomaly had a nonfenestrated Fontan procedure performed at the Mayo Clinic. Because there are no previously published reports involving a series of this size in which the Fontan approach was used for this condition, a review of patient outcomes was thought to be of value.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of the 40 patients were reviewed retrospectively, and 34 were determined to be alive. The status of the survivors as of late 1995 was then ascertained by direct examination, questionnaire or telephone follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were three operative deaths and three late deaths. The current ages of the 34 survivors ranged from 4 to 30 years (median 13). Thirty-three of the 34 survivors were thought to be in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, and all but three of these patients, of school age or older, were either full-time students or working full time. The three adults who were not employed thought they were capable of working but were not doing so because of socioeconomic reasons. More than half of the patients were not receiving cardiovascular medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These overall gratifying early and late results encourage continued application of this operation for appropriately selected patients with this complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Julsrud
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Puga
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Danielson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome