title: National surveillance of dialysis associated diseases in the United States--1994.
abstract: Dialysis centers in the United States were surveyed in 1994 regarding a number of hemodialysis associated diseases and practices. A total of 2,449 centers, representing 206,884 patients and 50,314 staff members, responded. In 1994, 99% of centers used bicarbonate dialysate as the primary method of dialysis, 45% used high flux dialysis, and 75% reused dialyzers. Hepatitis B vaccine had been administered to 31% of patients and to 80% of staff members. Acute infection with hepatitis B virus occurred in 0.1% of patients and was more likely to be reported by centers with lower proportions of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus and those not using a separate room and dialysis machine to treat hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients. The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus was 10.5% among patients and 1.9% among staff members and varied according to geographic region. Pyrogenic reactions in the absence of septicemia were reported by 22% of centers and were most highly associated with dialyzer reuse. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was reported to be present in 1.5% of patients; 37% of centers provided hemodialysis to one or more patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
authors.affiliation: Investigation and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Tokars
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Favero
mesh_terms: D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines