title: Acute mediastinitis due to Rhodococcus equi in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: A patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection developed anterior mediastinitis during antibiotic treatment for empyema due to Rhodococcus equi. This is the first reported case of infection with this organism in this setting. Despite an adequate course of therapy and maintenance treatment with antibiotics to which the isolate of Rhodococcus equi was susceptible in vitro, the patient experienced relapse of the infection into the mediastinum. Clinicians should consider this complication when Rhodococcus equi is present in pleural effusions.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antela
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hermida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meseguer
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004653:Empyema / Q000188:drug therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008480:Mediastinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D016929:Rhodococcus equi
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents