title: Bacterial isolates from plaque and from blood during and after routine dental procedures in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the association between dental procedures and bacteremia in dogs, including a comparison of bacteria isolated from plaque and blood, severity of the bacteremia versus the severity of dental disease, and the longevity of bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteria cultured from the blood over time were compared with those isolated from the plaque and crevicular fluid and in relation to severity of dental disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adult greyhounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected for culture before induction of general anesthesia, immediately after intubation, 20 minutes after initiation of the dental procedure, and at 10-minute intervals until 10 minutes after the dental procedure was completed. Samples of plaque were taken for microbiological culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty to ninety percent of the bacterial genera isolated from the plaque were present in the blood. Dogs classified according to severity of dental disease showed no difference in the total number of different species or number of different Gram-negative, Gram-positive, or anaerobic bacteria isolated from plaque or blood (P < .05). Bacteremia was present in all of the dogs studied, within 40 minutes from the initiation of the dental procedure, regardless of the severity of oral disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria are present in blood during dental procedures; the bacteremia can persist beyond the dental procedure, and is not associated with the severity of dental disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nature and extent of bacteremia occurring during routine dental procedures is important in understanding a potential risk to dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50010, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nieves
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kinyon
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Riedesel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D003814:Dentistry, Operative / Q000379:methods*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary