title: [Can the combination of bladder ultrasonography and urinary cytodiagnosis replace cystoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of tumors of the bladder?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cystoscopy is currently the reference examination for the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder tumours (BT). However, this examination remains unpleasant for the patient, despite the development of flexible cystoscopes. Among the many diagnostic methods performed in combination with cystoscopy, the authors decided to evaluate the performances of the combination of ultrasonography+urine cytology in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 124 cases in the context of postoperative surveillance of BT (86) or aetiological assessment of haematuria (38). All patients were assessed by cystoscopy, suprapubic vesical ultrasonography, and urine cytology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cystoscopy revealed a bladder tumour in 30 patients. Urine cytology had a sensitivity of 53% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 86%. Vesical ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 50% and an NPV of 85%. The false-positive and false-negative results of ultrasonography and urine cytology make these examinations unreliable when considered separately. The combination of ultrasonography and urine cytology had an overall sensitivity of 80% and an NPV of 93%. However, analysis of the group of patients undergoing postoperative surveillance for BT showed that although the combination of the two examinations had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% in the case of high-grade tumour or CIS, this value was only 66% for low-grade tumours. The authors review other methods of bladder tumour diagnosis, but none of them appears to have demonstrated a sufficient reliability at the present time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic sensitivity of the combination of ultrasonography and urine cytology, accurate but not recommended in high-risk patients with a high-grade BT, does not appear to be sufficient for systematic surveillance of patients with low-grade BT, despite the low risk of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Hôpital des Diaconesses, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cariou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maaraoui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortesse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*