title: Bone metabolism following bladder substitution with the ileal urethral Kock reservoir.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess bone metabolism following bladder substitution with the ileal Kock reservoir.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation comprised two separate studies, one with baseline measurements before and after surgery, and the second after surgery only, of bone mass, made using single-photon absorptiometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemical variables of bone turnover, plasma analyses and measurements of renal calcium and phosphate excretion. After inclusion, both groups of patients were observed longitudinally for 2 years. The post-surgery study included 25 patients who had undergone bladder substitution (median age 67 years, range 44-75), with a median post-operative follow-up of 1.0 year (range 0.3-3.7), and 16 control subjects (either healthy or with other minor urological complaints; median age 62 years, range 34-80), and the pre-surgery study comprised seven patients who had undergone bladder substitution (median age 57 years, range 42-68).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total body, forearm and spinal bone mineral contents were similar in patients with an ileal bladder substitute measured 1 year after surgery and in control subjects. There were equivalent significant changes in both the patients and control subjects during the 2-year observation period, with a 2-3% decrease in total body and forearm bone mineral content. The values were similar in patients with and without a mild metabolic acidosis. Plasma calcium, phosphate, total alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and osteocalcin were normal in both patients and control subjects. Renal excretion of calcium and phosphate was also similar in patients and in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ileal urethral Kock bladder substitution does not lead to accelerated bone mineral loss in elderly men, despite a mild metabolic acidosis in half of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overgaard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steven
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000097:blood; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium