title: Deep fascial hyperintensity in soft-tissue abnormalities as revealed by T2-weighted MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether recently described criteria, including hyperintense T2-weighted signal or other abnormalities revealed by MR imaging within deep fascial planes, are specific for necrotizing soft-tissue infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 22 MR imaging examinations that revealed abnormally high signal intensity within deep fascial planes on T2-weighted images. Twenty-one of the patients had clinical diagnoses other than necrotizing soft-tissue infection, including nonnecrotizing cellulitis (n = 4), abscess without evidence of necrotizing fasciitis (n = 5), and cellulitis with accompanying vascular thrombosis (n = 2). MR imaging was performed using T1-weighted spin-echo (range of TRs/range of TEs, 300-800/9-30) and fat-saturated T2-weighted fast spin-echo (3000-5000/76-108) sequences. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo MR images with fat saturation were obtained for 14 patients. Two reviewers, unaware of clinical diagnoses, evaluated each study for abnormalities in superficial and deep soft tissues and submitted a consensus diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using only the described MR imaging criteria, we interpreted all cases as necrotizing cellulitis, including the cases of 21 patients who had nonnecrotizing conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperintense T2-weighted signal within deep fascial planes and muscle, with or without contrast enhancement, is not specific for necrotizing soft-tissue infection. A variety of conditions exhibited similar findings and were indistinguishable from necrotizing soft-tissue infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Ch'en
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005205:Fascia / Q000473:pathology; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium