title: Profile and risk factors for congenital heart disease.
abstract: Congenital heart disease is an important cause of infant mortality and disability. The frequency, spectrum and contributory risk factors for significant cardiovascular malformations among live-births was retrospectively evaluated at the Aga Khan University Hospital. Of a total of 8331 live births between July, 1987 and December, 1992 34 babies were diagnosed to have congenital heart disease in the neonatal period giving a prevalence of 4 per 1000 live births. Ventricular septal defects was the most common (n = 10, 29%) abnormality. Eight cases had associated chromosomal abnormality, the most common being Trisomy 21. Maternal abortions, still-births, consanguinity and diabetes mellitus were not found to be significant risk factors for congenital heart disease in this survey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Haleem
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bhutta
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors