title: Enhancement of calcium cycling by atrial sarcoplasmic reticulum after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia during open heart surgery.
abstract: We studied myocardial Ca2+ cycling during cardiopulmonary bypass and cold-blood cardioplegia (CPB/CBC) in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Right atrial biopsies were taken from 13 patients before and after CPB/CBC: after pericardiotomy, immediately after aortic cross-clamp removal, and following termination of CPB/CBC. Changes in ionized Ca2+ concentration (nM) were monitored with indo 1 during Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum in a medium containing 1% homogenized myocardium. Ryanodine inhibition was used to estimate Ca2+ release channel activity. With CPB/CBC, the initial Ca2+ concentration of reaction media increased 33%, (962 +/- 150 to 1262 +/- 106 nM; mean +/- SD). Ca2+ cycling increased asymmetrically, 108% for Ca2+ uptake (3.91 +/- 1.32 to 8.15 +/- 3.17 nM/s), 197% for Ca2+ release (0.90 +/- 0.80 to 2.73 +/- 1.13 nM/s), and 68% for the ratio of Ca(2+)-release to Ca(2+)-uptake activities (0.22 +/- 0.14 to 0.37 +/- 0.13). The dissociation constant of the Ca2+ pump for Ca2+ was unaltered by CPB/CBC (289 +/- 76 nM). During the time period that was studied post-bypass, Ca(2+)-pump activity remained increased, although the Ca(2+)-channel activity returned to pre-bypass values (all p < 0.05). We conclude that CPB/CBC produces increased myocardial Ca2+ load, twofold increased Ca2+ uptake, and threefold increased Ca2+ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum.
authors.affiliation: Miami Valley Laboratories, Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45253-8707, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ianuzzo
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cane
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ianuzzo
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D007211:Indoles; D012433:Ryanodine; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; C048960:indo-1; D002118:Calcium