title: Different effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on sarcoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle in dog mesenteric artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The direct effect of halothane on vascular smooth muscle is mediated in part via its effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Little information is available concerning the effects of other volatile anesthetics including isoflurane and sevoflurane, whose vascular effects differ from those of halothane. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on the SR by testing the contraction induced by caffeine in vascular smooth muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rings without endothelium from isolated canine mesenteric artery were mounted in physiological saline solution (PSS) for isometric tension recording. After complete depletion of Ca2+ from the SR by adding 35 mM caffeine, the rings were exposed to normal Ca2+ containing PSS (Ca2+ loading), to Ca(2+)-free PSS for 10 min, and then to 15 mM caffeine to induce contraction. Anesthetics were administered during Ca2+ loading, the Ca(2+)-free phase and simultaneously with caffeine administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Halothane (0.5-2%) attenuated the caffeine-induced contraction of canine mesenteric artery when administered during Ca2+ loading in the SR (P < 0.001), whereas isoflurane and sevoflurane (1-4%) failed to affect the contraction. When given simultaneously with caffeine, halothane (1-2%) potentiated the caffeine-induced contraction (P < 0.05), but isoflurane and sevoflurane had no effect. When given before caffeine administration, halothane (0.5-2%), isoflurane (2-4%) and sevoflurane (4%) all potentiated the caffeine-induced contraction (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been shown that halothane not only potentiates caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the SR, but also induces contraction by releasing Ca2+ from the SR. We conclude that halothane decreases Ca2+ accumulation in the SR while exerting facilitative and additive effects on caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the SR when applied before caffeine administration and simultaneously with caffeine, respectively, whereas isoflurane and sevoflurane lack both the ability to decrease Ca2+ accumulation and an additive effect on caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the SR, but are able to facilitate Ca2+ release by caffeine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wakayama Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakuyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D002110:Caffeine; D007530:Isoflurane; D002118:Calcium; D006221:Halothane