title: Contrast-enhanced abdominal MR angiography: optimization of imaging delay time by automating the detection of contrast material arrival in the aorta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiogram quality by automatically synchronizing acquisition of central k-space image data with the arterial phase of contrast material bolus infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A spin-echo pulse sequence with orthogonal 90 degrees and 180 degrees pulses was used to monitor signal in a single 4 x 4 x 12-cm voxel that encompassed a segment of aorta. An increase in signal that corresponded to the arrival of gadolinium was used to trigger three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-echo abdominal MR angiography in 50 adult patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial signal intensity increased 28-fold with automatic compared to 19-fold with manual triggering (P < .05) at an approximate dose of 0.3 mmol/kg. Automatic triggering with a lower dose (approximately 0.2 mmol/kg) resulted in 20-fold arterial enhancement, which is comparable with enhancement after manual triggering at the high dose. In addition, venous enhancement was less (1.5-fold) with automatic than with manual (3.5-fold) triggering at the same dose (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automatic triggering results in improved arterial-tovenous contrast. It increases arterial enhancement or enables MR angiograms to be obtained with less contrast material. The authors now routinely use this technique for aortorenal imaging with a gadolinium-based contrast material dose of 20 mmol (40 mL) in patients who weigh more than 50 kg and 10 mmol (20 mL) in patients who weigh less than 50 kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0030, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chenevert
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Londy
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000098:blood supply*; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; D004369:Pentetic Acid; C064925:gadodiamide; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA