title: Cardiovascular effects of topical carteolol hydrochloride and timolol maleate in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Night Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of topical timolol maleate 0.5% and carteolol hydrochloride 1% on pulse rate and blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-masked, parallel-design, multicenter clinical trial, we compared the effects of timolol and carteolol on pulse rate and blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 169 adult patients with either ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From noon to 8 PM, baseline mean pulse rate of 82 to 83 beats per minute (bpm) had decreased by 4 to 6 bpm in both groups after 4 weeks of therapy with timolol or carteolol. From midnight to 4 AM, the pulse rate in the carteolol group was significantly above baseline (P = .005), while the timolol group was significantly below baseline (P < .001). Four times as many patients became bradycardic (heart rate, < 60 bpm) on timolol (18.4%) as did patients on carteolol (4.5%) from midnight to 4 AM. More than twice as many patients exhibited a resolution of their bradycardia with carteolol (46.7%) as did patients treated with timolol (18.2%) from midnight to 4 AM. Overall cardiovascular adverse effects were reported significantly more frequently in the timolol than the carteolol group (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Timolol causes significantly lower mean heart rate during the nighttime and more nocturnal bradycardia than carteolol does in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. These differences may be because of the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Netland
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002354:Carteolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013999:Timolol; D002354:Carteolol