title: Self-organized marginal stability resulting from inconsistency between fuzzy logic and deterministic logic: an application to biological systems.
abstract: Complex systems in which internal agents (observers) interact with each other with finite velocity of information propagation cannot be described with a single consistent logic. We have proposed the bootstrapping system of cellular automata for describing such complex systems using two types of complementary logic: Boolean and non-Boolean. We extend this in this paper to a system of time-discrete continuous maps using fuzzy logic in place of non-Boolean logic. Fuzziness implies the intrinsic ambiguity of internal measurement. The bootstrapping system evolves, changing the dynamics perpetually, so that the discrepancy between the two types of complementary logic may be minimized. The equilibration force defined from the strength of discrepancy forms a landscape for self-organization which is similar to the fitness landscape for evolution. Though they appear similar, the former is derived from the internal dynamics. The goal of evolution, when applied to the map of the Belousov-Zabochinsky reaction, is demonstrated to be near the border between periodicity and chaos. The behavior depends on the degree of fuzziness and the extent of noise. When fuzziness increases too much, the system becomes unstable. Near the boundary, it exhibits intermittent chaos with a background of 1/f noise.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Gunji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D008128:Logic; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics