title: Circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha is elevated in male but not in female patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) was proposed to mediate obesity related insulin resistance upon production in fat cells and to participate in tissue remodelling leading to vascular complications upon being released by macrophages. To assess its putative role in diabetes we determined plasma levels of TNF alpha in 105 adult humans. Male nondiabetic subjects had significantly lower TNF alpha levels than female controls (4.4 +/- 0.3, n = 17 vs. 6.6 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, n = 13; p = 0.049). Men with NIDDM had elevated TNF alpha (6.7 +/- 0.6 pg/ml, n = 34) compared to nondiabetic subjects (4.4 +/- 0.3 pg/ml, n = 17; p = 0.012). Such a difference was not apparent in women. Levels of TNF alpha were correlated with serum triglyceride levels in male controls (r2 = 0.64; p = 0.007) but not in NIDDM. Neither body mass index nor glycosylated hemoglobin correlated with TNF alpha in any of the groups. The presence of retinopathy (p = 0.046) but not of neuropathy or nephropathy or macroangiopathy was associated with significantly elevated plasma TNF alpha. We conclude that plasma levels of TNF alpha are sex-dependent and that increased TNF alpha occurs in male but not female NIDDM and may participate in the development of diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möhlig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ristow
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rochlitz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schifferdecker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha