title: A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that medications or vitamins that increase the levels of brain catecholamines and protect against oxidative damage may reduce the neuronal damage and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter trial in patients with Alzheimer's disease of moderate severity. A total of 341 patients received the selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor selegiline (10 mg a day), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E, 2000 IU a day), both selegiline and alpha-tocopherol, or placebo for two years. The primary outcome was the time to the occurrence of any of the following: death, institutionalization, loss of the ability to perform basic activities of daily living, or severe dementia (defined as a Clinical Dementia Rating of 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite random assignment, the baseline score on the Mini-Mental State Examination was higher in the placebo group than in the other three groups, and this variable was highly predictive of the primary outcome (P<0.001). In the unadjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in the outcomes among the four groups. In analyses that included the base-line score on the Mini-Mental State Examination as a covariate, there were significant delays in the time to the primary outcome for the patients treated with selegiline (median time, 655 days; P=0.012), alpha-tocopherol (670 days, P=0.001) or combination therapy (585 days, P=0.049), as compared with the placebo group (440 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with moderately severe impairment from Alzheimer's disease, treatment with selegiline or alpha-tocopherol slows the progression of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ernesto
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Klauber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grundman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Growdon
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cotman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thal
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012642:Selegiline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D014810:Vitamin E; D012642:Selegiline