title: Effects of copper deficiency and copper deficiency coupled with high dietary iron or molybdenum on phagocytic cell function and response of calves to a respiratory disease challenge.
abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a diet marginally deficient in copper (Cu) with iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), or Cu on phagocytic cell function and disease resistance of calves. Thirty-one calves were born to heifers fed a corn silage-based diet containing 4.5 mg of Cu/kg. Treatments consisted of 1) control (CON; no supplemental Cu, Fe, or Mo), 2) 600 mg of Fe added/kg (FE), 3) 5 mg of Mo added/kg (MO), or 4) 10 mg of Cu added/kg of DM (CU). Activity of superoxide dismutase was lower (P < .06) in neutrophils from MO vs CON or CU calves at 170 d of age. bactericidal activity of neutrophils from MO calves tended (P = .15) to be lower compared with those from CU calves at 70 d of age. Calves were inoculated intranasally with live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) 2 d after weaning, followed by intratracheal administration of Pasteurella hemolytica 5 d later. Iron- and Cu-supplemented calves exhibited higher (P < .01) body temperatures and lower (P < .06) feed intakes following IBRV inoculation compared with CON and MO calves. Copper-supplemented calves had higher levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) than MO calves at weaning (P < .05) and tended to have higher plasma TNF (P = .11) than FE and MO calves 5 d after IBRV inoculation. These data indicate that dietary levels of Mo and Cu can affect body temperature and feed intake responses to disease by affecting TNF and perhaps other cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gengelbach
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000502:physiology*; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016978:Mannheimia haemolytica / Q000502:physiology*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003300:Copper; D008982:Molybdenum; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002570:Ceruloplasmin