title: Myocardial contractile effects of L-arginine in the human allograft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we investigated, in transplant recipients, whether L-arginine (L-arg) potentiates the myocardial contractile effects of receptor-mediated coronary endothelial stimulation. Moreover, because inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is frequently expressed in transplanted myocardium, we also performed intracoronary infusion of L-arg in the absence of receptor-mediated coronary endothelial stimulation to investigate whether similar left ventricular (LV) contractile effects could be induced by providing more substrate for iNOS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO), released from coronary endothelium after receptor-mediated stimulation by substance P (SP), affects vascular smooth muscle tone and modulates LV contractile performance. L-arg augments receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in transplant recipients by increasing substrate availability for endothelial NO production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen transplant recipients were studied at the time of annual coronary angiography. In eight transplant recipients, microtip LV pressures were recorded before and during intracoronary (IC) SP (20 pmol/min) and after the addition of IC L-arg (160 mumol/min) to IC SP. In eight transplant recipients, microtip LV pressures were recorded before and during IC L-arg (160 mumol/min) alone, and in six of these patients, endomyocardial biopsy samples were obtained to detect the expression of iNOS gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of IC L-arg to IC SP induced a fall (mean +/- SEM) in LV peak systolic pressure (-16 +/- 4 mm Hg), which was larger (p < 0.01) than that observed during IC SP (-7 +/- 2 mm Hg). During IC L-arg alone, there was no change in LV peak systolic pressure despite the presence of iNOS mRNA in five of the six biopsy samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In transplant recipients, L-arg potentiates the paracrine myocardial contractile effects of receptor-mediated coronary endothelial stimulation, probably by providing more substrate for endothelial NO production. Despite the myocardial expression of iNOS gene, L-arg alone fails to elicit similar contractile effects.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, O.L.V. Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kästner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanderheyden
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013373:Substance P; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase