title: Clinical and bacteriologic impact of rifabutin prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: We conducted a prospective observational study to determine the feasibility and impact of rifabutin prophylaxis (300 mg daily) for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients whose CD4 cell counts were <100/mm3. Three hundred seventy-one patients (65.2% of all patients with CD4 cell counts of <100/mm3 [mean +/- SD, 30 +/- 25/mm3]) received rifabutin prophylaxis for a mean duration +/- SD of 35.5 +/- 34.2 weeks; 198 patients (mean CD4 cell count +/- SD, 51.6 +/- 32/mm3) did not receive prophylaxis. Rifabutin prophylaxis for 8.4% of patients was interrupted because of adverse events. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteremia developed in 17 (4.6%) of 371 patients receiving rifabutin prophylaxis and in 22 (11.1%) of 198 patients not receiving rifabutin prophylaxis. The mean CD4 cell count +/- SD at the diagnosis of MAC bacteremia was lower in patients receiving prophylaxis than in those not receiving prophylaxis (11.5 +/- 6.8/mm3 vs. 34.7 +/- 36/mm3, respectively; P < .01). MICs for MAC strains isolated from patients receiving prophylaxis were less than or equal to those for strains isolated from patients not receiving prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, and Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maslo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buré-Rossier
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gholizadeh
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lebrette
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rozenbaum
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017828:Rifabutin