title: Feather mites are potentially an important source of allergens for pigeon and budgerigar keepers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies on allergy to feathers have not addressed whether organisms living on feathers (mites, lice, moulds) are a source of allergens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether feather mites produced allergens of clinical relevance to bird keepers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined serum IgE responses of 96 pigeon breeders to an extract of feather mites from pigeons (predominantly Diplaegidia columbae), using Western blotting, specific IgE assay using AlaSTAT EIA and RAST inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feather mites are a major source of soluble proteins derived from feathers, accounting for up to 10% of the total weight of the feather. Forty-three sera had a negative score (0) for anti-feather mite IgE, 27 were weakly positive (1-2) and 26 had strongly positive scores (3-4). Fewer pigeon breeders with scores > or = 3 were asymptomatic than those with negative scores (12 versus 40%), more had late onset symptoms (with or without early onset symptoms: 77% versus 44%) and had IgE antibody against house dust mite (89% versus 23%). Western blotting of eight sera against the extract of Diplaegidia columbae revealed 20 IgE-binding components ranging from 22 to 200 kDa. A high diversity of components was recognized by each serum: arithmetic mean 7 (range 2-14). RAST inhibition indicated feather mites had species-specific epitopes as well as ones that cross-reacted with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strongly-positive AlaSTAT scores to pigeon feather mite were associated with allergic symptoms of late onset in pigeon breeders. We conclude that feather mites are a major source of clinically-relevant allergens for pigeon breeders.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Colloff
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Merrett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrett
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McSharry
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D001716:Bird Fancier's Lung / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D010856:Columbidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005241:Feathers / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008925:Mites / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010311:Parrots / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E