title: Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part II: What do we know about secondary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention after disability begins.
abstract: This is the second of two papers that systematically review available scientific evidence on the causes of disability from occupational low back pain, and the effectiveness of interventions to prevent it after its onset (secondary prevention). This paper reviews the national history of how back pain and the risk factors for its extension into chronic disability, followed by a critical summary of intervention studies attempting to reduce the duration of this disability, and to evaluate the results.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brooker
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: DeMaio
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maetzel
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome