title: Elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels during the early second trimester are associated with greater risk of subsequent preterm delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subclinical intra-amniotic infection is often associated with preterm delivery and may precede it by several weeks. We tested the hypothesis that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may be elevated in the midtrimester amniotic fluid of pregnancies destined to deliver preterm.
  
  
  METHODS
  A historical cohort study was designed to compare the amniotic fluid (AF) concentrations of IL-6 at 14-20 weeks in a group of women subsequently delivering at < or = 34 weeks (n = 13) with those of women delivering at term (n = 166). Included were singleton gestations with no evidence of fetal structural or chromosomal abnormalities, or maternal conditions known to be associated with preterm delivery (n = 179). Levels of IL-6 were measured by immunoassay and correlated with demographic and pregnancy outcome information. Statistical analysis included correlation, one-way ANOVA after log-transformation, contingency tables, logistic regression, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an inverse correlation between AF IL-6 levels at 15-20 weeks and gestational age at delivery (r = -0.16, P = 0.03). Women delivering at < or = 34 weeks had significantly higher median AF IL-6 levels (570 pg/ml versus 330 pg/ml, P < 0.0001), rate of African American race (50% versus 12%, P = 0.004), and of infants with birth weights < 10th centile (31% versus 7%, P = 0.02) than women delivering at > or = 37 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6 was independently associated with PTD at < or = 34 weeks after controlling for race and birth weight centiles (P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AF IL-6 at 15-20 weeks can identify patients at risk for PTD at < or = 34 weeks, suggesting that a portion of PTD cases have inciting events that take place during the early second trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghidini
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Spong
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pezzullo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Salafia
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eglinton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6