title: Immunochemical demonstration of Eisenia tetradecapeptide, a bioactive peptide isolated from the gut of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, in tissues of the earthworm.
abstract: The quantity and localization of Eisenia tetradecapeptide which was isolated from the gut of the earthworm Eisenia foetida were examined in tissues of the same species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that Eisenia-tetradecapeptide-like immunoreactivity was present in both the central nervous system (cerebral ganglion, subesophageal ganglion, ventral ganglia, and ventral nerve cord) and the gut (esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine). The central nervous system contained a higher amount of Eisenia-tetradecapeptide-like immunoreactivity (1.3 pmol/mg wet weight) than the gut (0.2-0.6 pmol/mg wet weight). Eisenia-tetradecapeptide-like immunoreactivity was scarcely detected in the body-wall muscle, nephridia, and sexual organs (testis, ovary, seminal vesicle, and ovisac). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that intense Eisenia-tetradecapeptide-like immunopositive cells and nerve fibers were present in the central nervous system. Immunoreactivity was found in the epithelial cells lining the esophagus and in the submucous plexus in various parts of the gut. Thus, the present study suggests that Eisenia tetradecapeptide is a neuropeptide and/or peptide hormone present in both the central nervous system and the gut of the earthworm and that its role involves the regulation of gut motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ukena
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oumi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000294:innervation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000166:cytology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000166:cytology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; C107175:tetradecapeptide, Eisenia