title: Habitual sleep patterns and risk for stroke and coronary heart disease: a 10-year follow-up from NHANES I.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Habitual sleep patterns may independently affect morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of habitual sleep patterns on the risk for stroke and coronary heart disease is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the association between sleep duration and daytime somnolence (often or almost always taking daytime naps) with the incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease in a national cohort of 7,844 adults who participated in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine these relationships during the 10-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for differences in age, race, gender, education, cigarette smoking, body mass index, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus, the risk for stroke was increased in persons who reported sleeping greater than 8 hours at night compared with persons who slept between 6 and 8 hours (relative risk [RR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 2.0). Daytime somnolence was also associated with stroke incidence (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.8). Persons who reported both greater than 8 hours of sleep and daytime somnolence were at the greatest risk for stroke (RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.1). Similar results were also found for coronary heart disease, although the results did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate adjusted model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Habitual sleep patterns have significant effects on the risk for stroke.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bliwise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors