title: Interferon regulatory factor-1 up-regulates angiotensin II type 2 receptor and induces apoptosis.
abstract: The expression of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor is developmentally and growth regulated. In cultured R3T3 cells, expression of this receptor is markedly induced at the confluent state and with serum deprivation. In this study we demonstrated that the removal of serum from culture media resulted in the induction of apoptosis in these cells and the addition of angiotensin II further enhanced apoptosis. We have previously identified an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) binding motif in the mouse AT2 receptor gene promoter region. In this report, we observed that serum removal increased IRF-1 expression, with a rapid and transient decrease of IRF-2. To prove that the changes in IRFs after serum removal mediated apoptosis and up-regulated AT2 receptor, we transfected antisense oligonucleotides for IRF-1 or IRF-2 into R3T3 cells and observed that IRF-1 antisense oligonucleotide attenuated apoptosis and abolished the up-regulation of AT2 receptor. IRF-2 antisense oligonucleotide pretreatment did not affect the onset of apoptosis after serum removal; instead, it increased AT2 receptor binding and enhanced angiotensin II-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that increased IRF-1 after serum starvation contributes to the induction of apoptosis and that increased IRF-1 up-regulates the AT2 receptor expression after serum starvation, resulting in enhanced angiotensin II-mediated apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. mhoriuch@bustoff.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001665:Binding Sites; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; C494258:Irf1 protein, mouse; C494230:Irf2 protein, mouse; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011725:Pyridines; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000804:Angiotensin II; C073402:PD 123319