title: Evaluation and management of parastomal hernia in association with continent urinary diversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We discuss the incidence and diagnosis of parastomal hernias in association with continent urinary reservoirs. We also present a surgical technique appropriate for correction of this complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 21 patients with parastomal hernia after construction of a continent urinary reservoir. The hernia developed secondary to diversion with an ileocecal segment in 19 patients and a Kock procedure in 2. Subsequent to development of the parastomal hernia 13 patients (61.9%) had simultaneous urinary incontinence, 2 (9.5%) had difficulty catheterizing the reservoir and 4 (19.047%) had associated pain over the stomal area. Evaluation was primarily by physical examination. However, 2 patients (9.5%) required abdominal computerized tomography to confirm the diagnosis of parastomal hernia. Surgical repair was recommended for all patients, and 19 underwent repair with or without revision of the anti-incontinence segment. Reconstruction included transabdominal takedown of the anti-incontinence segment from the abdominal wall with parastomal hernia closure through a midline incision, external reinforcement of the hernia opening with Marlex mesh when the diameter exceeded 6 cm., revision of the anti-incontinence mechanism when simultaneous urinary incontinence existed preoperatively and repositioning of the stoma site through a new selected area in the abdominal wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate (mean followup 23.4 months) with this surgical approach was 89.5%. Incontinence due to failure of the anti-incontinence mechanism was successfully corrected in 13 patients (100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term followup of continent urinary reservoirs is often associated with development of parastomal hernia. This complication can be associated with urinary incontinence, peristomal pain and difficult catheterization. Evaluation is primarily by physical examination but selected clinical situations require abdominal computerized tomography to confirm the diagnosis. The surgical technique following the steps described has been associated with minimal morbidity and has provided excellent surgical results (89.5% success rate).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spyropoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pow-Sang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Persky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lockhart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006547:Hernia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054047:Surgical Stomas; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects*