title: Histological changes during development of the cerebellum in the chick embryo exposed to a static magnetic field.
abstract: Few studies have been performed to evaluate the ultrastructural changes that exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) can cause to the processes of cell migration and differentiation in the cerebellum during development. Thus, we have studied the development of the cerebellum in the chick embryo (n = 144) under a uniform SMF (20 mT). All of our observations were done on folium VIc of Larsell's classification. The cerebella of chick embryos, which were exposed solely on day 6 of incubation and sacrificed at day 13 of incubation [short exposure (S)1; n = 24], showed an external granular layer (EGL) that was less dense than the EGL in the control group (n = 24). The molecular layer (ML) exhibited a low number of migratory neuroblastic elements. Moreover, the internal granular layer (IGL) was immature, with the cellular elements less abundant and more dispersed than in controls. In chick embryos exposed on day 6 of incubation and sacrificed at day 17 (S2; n = 24), the outstanding feature was the regeneration of the different layers of the cerebellar cortex. The cerebellar cortex of chick embryos exposed continuously to an identical field from the beginning of the incubation up to day 13 [long exposure (L)1; n = 24] or day 17 (L2; n = 24) of incubation showed a higher number of alterations than that of group S1. Electron microscopy confirmed the findings from light microscopy and, at the same time, showed clear signs of cell degeneration and delay in the process of neuronal differentiation. This was more apparent in groups L1 (100%) and L2 (100%) than in groups S1 (95.4%) and S2 (65.2%). In conclusion, the present study showed that SMF can induce irreversible developmental effects on the processes of cell migration and differentiation of the chick cerebellar cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences and Institute of Developmental Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D008280:Magnetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D013997:Time Factors