title: Adenosine increases interleukin 6 release and decreases tumour necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells, ovarian cells, anterior pituitary cells, and peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: Adenosine modifies interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release from immune tissues. Because adenosine alters endocrine function and endocrine cells secrete cytokines, its effects on IL-6 and TNF release from rat adrenals, ovaries, and anterior pituitaries were compared with its effects on cytokine release from rat peritoneal macrophages. Adenosine increased basal IL-6 release and decreased basal TNF release from adrenal zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata/reticularis cells. IL-6 and TNF release from zona glomerulosa cells was greater (20x) than that of other adrenal cells. An A2 agonist modified adrenal IL-6 and TNF release at lower concentrations than an A1 agonist. Adenosine augmented adrenal IL-6 release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and angiotensin II. LPS- and IL-1 beta-stimulated adrenal TNF release was inhibited by adenosine. Adenosine increased IL-6 release and inhibited TNF release from ovarian cells. Anterior pituitary cells released IL-6, but no detectable TNF. Adenosine, via A2 receptors, stimulated IL-6 secretion from these cells. Peritoneal macrophage IL-6 release was increased and TNF release decreased by adenosine. Thus, in immune and endocrine tissues, adenosine increases IL-6 release, but inhibits TNF release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Spangelo
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Krzymowski
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Rossiter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Judd
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015384:Zona Glomerulosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010627:Phenethylamines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014970:Xanthines; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; C048599:N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; C046379:1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine; D000241:Adenosine