title: Physiological comparison of walking among bilateral above-knee amputee and able-bodied subjects, and a model to account for the differences in metabolic cost.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the metabolic cost for prosthetic ambulation among persons with bilateral above-knee amputation with that for able-bodied ambulation, and to test a model that differentiates the metabolic cost of walking into three components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling subjects studied at an academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five bilateral above-knee amputee subjects with mean (+/-SD) age of 22 +/- 3 years, and five able-bodied control subjects matched for gender, height, weight, and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects performed 6-minute bouts of walking at three paced speeds and their chosen walking speed with oxygen uptake being determined during the last 2 minutes of each bout.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chosen walking speed and oxygen uptake during each walking condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chosen walking speed was 21% slower and induced aerobic demands 49% higher for the amputee subjects. Across specified paced speeds, aerobic demands were 55% to 83% higher for the amputee subjects than for the able-bodied subjects. The described model suggests that the higher metabolic costs for the amputee subjects resulted from greater demands for maintenance of balance and posture and for performing the walking movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prosthetic ambulation by young healthy persons with bilateral above-knee amputation induces significantly greater metabolic demands than walking by able-bodied individuals. Although the chosen walking speed of persons with bilateral above-knee amputation is slower, the reduction in speed is insufficient to equalize their metabolic cost with that of able-bodied individuals walking at their chosen walking speed.
authors.affiliation: Sports Performance and Technology Laboratory, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sheldahl
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Buley
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sandford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*