title: Evaluation of signal processing methods for the quantification of a multi-exponential signal: the glycogen 13C-1 NMR signal.
abstract: The 13C-1 NMR peak in proton-decoupled spectra of liver glycogen solution was quantitatively analyzed by three types of model-function fitting algorithms: iterative line-fitting in the frequency domain (MDCON); iterative least-squares fitting (VARPRO) in the time domain; and noniterative singular value decomposition-based analysis (HTLS), also in the time domain. Quantification results were compared with manual integration values. Performance of the algorithms was tested at different signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the glycogen C-1 peak. This was achieved by varying the number of scans summed prior to analysis. Since T2 relaxation in glycogen has been shown to be multiexponential [Overloop, K. et al. Magn. Reson. Med. 36, 45-51 (1996], the exact quantification of the C-1 glycogen signal requires a model function comprising a sum of Lorentzian components, each with a different broadening at the glycogen frequency. This paper focuses on the performances of the above methods to fit such a multicomponent resonance line. In the frequency domain, line fitting with two Lorentz lines gives good results at sufficiently high S/N. In the time domain, VARPRO performs better than HTLS because fixed values can be imposed to the linewidth of the components at the common C-1 frequency, thereby reducing convergence problems at low S/N.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical NMR Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overloop
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vanstapel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Huffel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knijn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Ormondt
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008722:Methods; D051381:Rats; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D008112:Liver Glycogen