The N-end rule pathway of protein degradation.
The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. Similar but distinct versions of the N-end rule operate in all organisms examined, from mammals to fungi and bacteria. In eukaryotes, the N-end rule pathway is a part of the ubiquitin system. Ubiquitin is a 76-residue protein whose covalent conjugation to other proteins plays a role in many biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation. I discuss the current understanding of the N-end rule pathway.
Varshavsky
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Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA. varshavskya@starbase1.caltech.edu
D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001692:Biological Transport; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016258:Genes, mos; D006207:Half-Life; D008025:Ligases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012845:Sindbis Virus / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; C066066:UBR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D000581:Amidohydrolases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D008025:Ligases