title: The major pathways of protein translocation across membranes.
abstract: The initial events in the localization of cell surface proteins include targeting of precursor molecules to the membrane and subsequent translocation across the membrane. The translocation reaction is mediated through a series of molecular interactions involving a number of protein factors. The trimeric SecY/Sec61 core complex, which is conserved throughout evolution, provides a proteinaceous pathway for translocation. The driving force for translocation is provided by the dynamic motion of the SecA ATPase in prokaryotes and by polypeptide elongation through the ribosome-Sec61 junction in eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals