title: [Esthetic and prosthetic procedures in single-tooth replacement].
abstract: Loss of anterior maxillary teeth always results in bone resorption and loss of interdental papillae, and the resorption makes a single tooth replacement by a dental implant very difficult. When infections have been present and the patient's history shows previous surgery at the apex of the root, bone destruction is substantial, which results in an increased resorption defect, thereby further increasing the aesthetic and prosthetic problems. This paper describes the steps necessary for implant surgery and the prosthetics; a brief summary is provided. The quality and quantity of bone, along with the space available between the adjacent teeth, are the basic factors in treatment planning and determine the type of implant to be used. Some resorption and bone defects are usually present after a tooth extraction, and bone regeneration procedures can be performed either before or simultaneously with the implant placement, with numerous flap designs available. Soft tissue augmentation can be achieved by taking a connective tissue graft from the palatal side. Antirotational devices (eg, hex lock abutments) are necessary for all implants in single tooth replacement. Screw-retained abutments can be used in posterior areas and in angled positions in facial areas as well. With proper single tooth implant position, cementation of laboratory fabricated crowns can be considered.
authors.affiliation: Academic Center of Oral Implantology, Amstelveen, Nederland.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: de Lange
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005881:Gingiva / Q000637:transplantation; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008437:Maxilla; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010347:Patient Care Planning