title: Role of a nonnative interaction in the folding of the protein G B1 domain as inferred from the conformational analysis of the alpha-helix fragment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of local interactions in protein folding and stability can be investigated by the conformational analysis of protein fragments. The hydrophobic staple and Schellman motifs have been described at the N and C terminus, respectively, of protein alpha-helices. These motifs are characterized by an interaction between two hydrophobic residues, one outside the helix and one within the helix, and their importance for helix stability has been analyzed in model peptides. In the alpha-helix of the protein G B1 domain, only the Schellman motif is formed--the hydrophobic staple motif is absent despite the favourable sequence pattern. We have experimentally analyzed the solution conformation of the 19-41 fragment of protein G. This peptide comprises the helical residues and contains both the hydrophobic staple and Schellman motif sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the isolated peptide in water, the hydrophobic staple motif is formed and stabilizes the helical structure as compared with a shorter peptide lacking it, but the Schellman motif is not formed. In 30% aqueous TFE, the helix is more stable than in pure water and both motifs are formed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the importance of each motif for the folding and stability of protein G is different. The nonnative hydrophobic staple interaction can help to nucleate the helix at the beginning of folding but has later to be disrupted. The Schellman motif, while not providing enough energy for substantial helix stabilization in the unfolded state, could be important for determining the local fold of the sequence in the context of the rest of the protein.
authors.affiliation: EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serrano
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry*; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012996:Solutions; D014270:Trifluoroethanol
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C034284:IgG Fc-binding protein, Streptococcus; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012996:Solutions; D014270:Trifluoroethanol