title: Relation between saliva flow and flavor release from chewing gum.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not parotid saliva flow is a significant determinant of flavor release from chewing gum. Cherry-flavored gum with 3 concentrations of citric acid (0.5, 1, and 2%) acting as a sialagogue was evaluated for sweetness and cherry flavor in duplicate by 13 subjects, using a computerized system for simultaneous time-intensity (TI) measurements and unilateral collection of parotid saliva. With increased acidity in the gum, maximum intensity of, and area under, the cherry flavor curve increased (p < 0.001), whereas total duration of sweetness decreased (p < 0.05). Large interindividual differences were found for parotid saliva flow in response to chewing gum. Mean unilateral parotid saliva flows in response to stimulation with water and gum with 0.5, 1, and 2% citric acid were 0.07, 0.30, 0.36, and 0.44 g/min, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between saliva flow and time to reach maximum intensity of sweetness (p < 0.05) and of cherry flavor (p < 0.01), with "high-flow" subjects taking longer to reach maximum intensity than "low-flow" subjects for both attributes. We conclude that parotid saliva flow may affect the rate of flavor release, but not how much nor for how long flavor is released.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. jxguinard@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Guinard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoumas-Morse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walchak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology*; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum