title: Actual use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of hospitalisation: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between therapy and adverse outcome in asthma is debated especially for naturally occurring situations. This is due in part to insufficient information regarding actual use of medications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between actual intake of anti-asthma drugs and asthma hospitalisation, considered as an outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed. Patients hospitalised for an asthma exacerbation were matched to community controls identified in surrounding general practices. Patients were questioned to identify prior use of anti-asthma medications, level of use of inhaled corticosteroids and attitude towards therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three cases and 31 matched controls were interviewed. Cases tended to have more severe asthma than controls, as judged by more frequent use of oral corticosteroids. Cases tended to make more frequent use of oral xanthines and inhaled anticholinergics, but the proportion of patients using inhaled beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists and inhaled corticosteroids was similar in both groups. Use of lower doses of inhaled corticosteroids was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation, while higher dosage was associated with decreased risk. Cases and controls differed as to their answers to a questionnaire concerning attitudes: cases expressed less interest in optimal usage of inhaled corticosteroids than controls; they also expressed more confidence in inhaled beta 2-agonists. When both risks were combined, overconfidence in beta 2-agonists and suboptimal use of inhaled steroids, the relationship with hospitalisation was significant (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.1; 26.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that patients' attitudes to inhaled corticosteroids and actual consumption of these medications are directly related to adverse outcome in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Academic Hospital, University of Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Ganse
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hubloue
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vincken
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gregoire
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists