title: Growth hormone attenuates early left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in rats with large myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the cardiac effects of growth hormone (GH) administration during the early phase of pathologic remodeling in a rat model of large myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests that exogenous administration of GH evokes a hypertrophic response and increases left ventricular (LV) function in vivo in rats with normal or chronically failing hearts. We hypothesized that these effects would attenuate ventricular remodeling early after MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight male rats underwent sham operation (n = 19) or had induced MI (n = 39). The day after the operation, the infarcted rats were randomized to receive 3 weeks of treatment with GH, 3 mg/kg body weight per day (n = 19) or placebo (n = 20). Echocardiography, catheterization and isolated whole heart preparations were used to define cardiac structure and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth hormone caused hypertrophy of the noninfarcted myocardium in a concentric pattern, as noted by higher echocardiographic relative wall thickness at 3 weeks and by morphometric histologic examination. Left ventricular dilation was reduced in the GH-treated versus placebo group (echocardiographic LV diastolic diameter to body weight ratio 2.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.2 cm/kg; p < 0.05). In vivo and in vitro cardiac function was improved after GH treatment. Despite elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) serum levels in GH-treated rats, myocardial IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid was not different among the three groups, suggesting that an increase in its local expression does not appear necessary to yield the observed effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that early treatment of large MI with GH attenuates the early pathologic LV remodeling and improves LV function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cittadini
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strömer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D015151:Immunoblotting; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone