title: Live attenuated SIV vaccines are not effective in a postexposure vaccination model.
abstract: Live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines, like nef deletion mutants, have been the most effective vaccines tested in the SIV/macaque model so far. The efficacy of live attenuated SIV vaccines in therapeutic vaccination and postexposure prophylaxis has not been determined. Inoculation of macaques with a pathogenic challenge virus and an attenuated SIV vaccine at the same time mimics postexposure vaccination, whereby vaccination with the attenuated virus is performed as rapidly as possible after exposure to pathogenic SIV. In the study presented here, four rhesus macaques were coinfected with pathogenic SIV and a nearly 3000-fold excess of a nef deletion mutant of SIV. Four macaques received pathogenic SIV and an approximately 200-fold excess of a nef deletion mutant expressing interleukin 2 (IL-2). The IL-2-expressing SIV had been previously constructed to enhance the immunogenicity of live attenuated SIV vaccines. All coinfected macaques had a high viral load, and some of them developed AIDS-like symptoms and pathological alterations rapidly. In the presence of pathogenic SIV, both live attenuated SIV vaccines did not protect from disease in this postexposure vaccination model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Linhart
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Gundlach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sopper
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dittmer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mätz-Rensing
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hunsmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stahl-Hennig
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uberla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D007376:Interleukin-2; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated