title: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 in patients with prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a major prostatic IGFBP and may be involved in regulating prostate growth. Patients with prostate carcinoma (PC) have elevated serum IGFBP-2 levels which correlate with the specific PC marker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The aims of this study were to investigate whether elevated serum IGFBP-2 is unique to PC or also occurs in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), to examine the relations among age, PSA and IGFBP-2 levels, and to examine longitudinal changes in serum IGFBP-2 with PSA in prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients (61-83 years) with inoperable PC attending the oncology unit at a tertiary referral hospital were studied. Some serum samples were obtained retrospectively while the majority were collected prospectively over 13 months of treatment. The patients with PC were compared to 8 patients (66-73 years) with histologically proven BPH and 7 male control subjects (61-82 years) with no known prostate abnormality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new IGFBP-2 RIA was developed. Serum PSA (by EIA), and IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGF-I and IGF-II (by RIA) were measured in all subjects, and serially in patients with PC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IGFBP-2 was significantly higher in PC with high PSA (560 +/- 66 micrograms/l, n = 12) than PC with normal PSA (292 +/- 65 micrograms/l, n = 4, P = 0.02), BPH (364 +/- 61 micrograms/l, P = 0.03) and controls (367 +/- 44 micrograms/l, P = 0.04). Mean IGFBP-2 in BPH was not different from controls. IGFBP-2 and PSA were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.543 and r = 0.433 respectively) and with each other even when the age effect was removed. Serum IGFBP-2 and PSA levels changed concordantly in all 7 PC patients who had serial sampling. Serum IGF-II but not IGF-I or IGFBP-3 was higher in PC and BPH than in controls (PC 332 +/- 23 micrograms/l), BPH 359 +/- 26 micrograms/l vs controls 241 +/- 37 micrograms/l; P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IGFBP-2 levels are uniquely elevated in active prostate carcinoma but not in benign prostatic hypertrophy. In PC, serum IGFBP-2 levels closely parallel those of PSA and probably reflect tumour burden. The relation between PSA and IGFBP-2 is partially independent of their individual relations with age. Although serum IGFBP-2 is less sensitive than PSA in PC, it may have adjunctive value in the management of prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Baxter
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen