title: Controlled stimulant treatment of ADHD and comorbid Tourette's syndrome: effects of stimulant and dose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) and dextroamphetamine (DEX) on tic severity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbid with Tourette's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 9-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover using a wide range of doses was completed by 20 subjects in three cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relatively high doses of MPH and DEX in the first cohort produced significant increases in tic severity which were sustained on higher doses of DEX but which attenuated on MPH. Overall, 14 of 20 subjects continued stimulant treatment for 1 to 3 years, generally in combination with other psychotropics. Stimulant-associated adverse effects, including tic exacerbations, were reversible in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial minority of comorbid subjects had consistent worsening of tics on stimulants, although the majority experienced improvement in ADHD symptoms with acceptable effects on tics. MPH was better tolerated than DEX.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Giedd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate; D003913:Dextroamphetamine