title: Long-term results of lower urinary tract reconstruction with the ceco-appendiceal unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report long-term results in 11 patients born with bladder exstrophy who underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using a ceco-appendiceal unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four boys and 2 girls underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using an unaltered ceco-appendiceal unit. In 2 boys and 1 girl the bladder was replaced with a reservoir of terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon, and the appendix was used as an orthotopic neourethra. In another 2 boys and 1 girl the bladder was augmented, while the appendix was used to create a stoma to the umbilicus. In 5 patients in whom the ceco-appendiceal junction was incompetent the cecum was plicated over the base of the appendix to reinforce the sphincteric mechanism. Four patients underwent augmentation with the appendix brought out as an umbilical stoma, and in 1 the bladder was replaced and the appendix was used as a neourethra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients in whom the ceco-appendiceal junction was unaltered and 5 in whom it was plicated remain continent 5 to 11 and 2 to 7 years postoperatively, respectively. In the initial patient urinary incontinence developed due to high intraluminal pressure, which resolved after detubularization of the urinary reservoir. Another patient underwent revision of the abdominal stoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ceco-appendiceal unit may be used for continent lower urinary tract reconstruction. Ceco-appendiceal junction competence can be tested intraoperatively and the sphincteric mechanism may be reinforced as necessary. The appendix may be ectopically or orthotopically placed and used for intermittent catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tillem
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001065:Appendix / Q000637:transplantation; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D002432:Cecum / Q000637:transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000379:methods*