title: Neuroimaging of AIDS. I. Viral infections.
abstract: Viral infections of the brain and spinal cord cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients afflicted with AIDS. Debate continues over the specific mechanisms and pathways of how HIV-1 manifests itself in the brain and spinal cord. Attempts to predict which seropositive patients develop neurocognitive deficits caused by HIV-1 and how soon these deficits will occur in the course of disease have had limited success. The neuropathologic changes of HIV-1 must be distinguished from other viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus, JC papovavirus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), herpes simplex virus type 1, and varicella-zoster virus. In addition to cerebral spinal fluid sampling and serum testing, some specific features are seen with contrast-enhanced CT, MR imaging, proton MR spectroscopy, SPECT, and PET.
authors.affiliation: Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California 92103-8756, USA.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lizerbram
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hesselink
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis; D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*