title: A phase II study of mitomycin C and oral etoposide for advanced adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitomycin C and etoposide have both demonstrated activity against gastric carcinoma. Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with evidence for phase-specific and schedule-dependent activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutive patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma were treated with intravenous (i.v.) bolus mitomycin C 6 mg/m2 on day 1 every 21 days to a maximum of four courses. Oral etoposide capsules 50 mg b.i.d. (or 35 mg b.i.d. liquid) were administered days 1 to 10 extending to 14 days in subsequent courses if absolute neutrophil count > 1.5 x 10(9)/l on day 14 of first course, for up to six courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients were assessed for response of whom 12 had measurable disease and 14 evaluable disease. Four patients had a documented response (one complete remission, three partial remissions) with an objective response rate of 15% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4%-35%). Eight patients had stable disease and 14 progressive disease. The median survival was six months. The schedule was well tolerated with no treatment-related deaths. Nine patients experienced leucopenia (seven grade II and two grade III). Nausea and vomiting (eight grade II, one grade III), fatigue (eight grade II, two grade III) and anaemia (seven grade II, two grade III) were the predominant toxicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This out-patient schedule is well tolerated and shows modest activity in the treatment of advanced upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Further studies using protracted schedules of etoposide both orally and as infusional treatment should be developed.
authors.affiliation: ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Braybrooke
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Propper
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Salisbury
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D005047:Etoposide