title: Teacher ratings of hyperactivity, inattention, and conduct problems in preschoolers.
abstract: Age and sex norms of classroom behavior in preschoolers were established on a standard measure, the Revised Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and the utility of this measure for assessing problem behavior in preschoolers was examined. Teachers provided ratings for 455 nonreferred preschoolers. In addition, ratings were obtained for 12 clinically referred preschoolers diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Conduct Problems, Inattention, and Hyperactivity subscales, as well as the Hyperactivity Index, were found to have good internal reliability and were related to each other in predictable ways. Normative data are presented by age and sex. Age was inversely related to scores for the Conduct Problems subscale, the Hyperactivity subscale and the Index. Sex was a significant predictor of subscale scores, with boys receiving higher scores than girls. Subscale scores and nearly all item scores were highly significantly different between clinically referred and nonreferred preschoolers. The results provide a standard upon which to evaluate preschool-aged children in clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koplewicz
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012578:Schools, Nursery