title: Molecular analysis of the INK4 family of genes in prostate carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A newly recognized class of INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKIs) include its prototype, p16 (INK4A/MTS1/CDKN2), and three others, p15 (INK4B/MTS2), p18 (INK4C), and p19 (INK4D). The putative tumor suppressor gene, p16 is frequently altered in certain neoplasms and many cell lines. The potential role of INK4 CDKIs in pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two primary prostate cancer samples and two prostate cancer cell lines were examined for alterations of the p16, p15, p18, and p19 genes by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and Southern blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alteration of the p16 gene was found in one of 32 primary prostate cancer samples by PCR-SSCP. DNA sequencing of the sample showed a 24-basepair insertion in exon 1 of the p16 gene at codon 11. No other mutations were found in p15, p18, or p19 genes by PCR-SSCP. Furthermore, none of the p16, p15, p18, or p19 genes had alterations by Southern blot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that structural abnormalities of the INK4 CDKIs is a rare event in prostate carcinoma, and the loss of function of INK4 CDKIs by other mechanisms, such as methylation should be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wilczynski
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koeffler
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493966:CDKN2B protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins