title: Apical effect of diosmectite on damage to the intestinal barrier induced by basal tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In many digestive diseases the intestinal barrier is weakened by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of apical diosmectite on the intestinal dysfunction induced by the proinflammatory cytokine TNF alpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Filter grown monolayers of the intestinal cell line HT29-19A were incubated for 48 hours in basal medium containing 10 ng/ml TNF alpha and 5 U/ml interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). Next, 1, 10, or 100 mg/ml diosmectite was placed in the apical medium for one hour. Intestinal function was then assessed in Ussing chambers by measuring ionic conductance (G) and apicobasal fluxes of 14C-mannitol (Jman), and intact horseradish peroxidase. In control intestinal monolayers, diosmectite did not significantly modify G, Jman, or intact horseradish peroxidase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After incubation with TNF alpha and IFN gamma, intestinal function altered, as shown by the increases compared with control values for G (22.8 (3.7) v (9.6 (0.5) mS/cm2), Jman (33.8 (7.5) v 7.56 (0.67) micrograms/h x cm2), and intact horseradish peroxidase (1.95 (1.12) v 0.14 (0.04) micrograms/h x cm2). G and Jman were closely correlated, suggesting that the increase in permeability was paracellular. Treatment with diosmectite restored al the variables to control values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basal TNF alpha disrupts the intestinal barrier through the tight junctions, and apical diosmectite counteracts this disruption.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U290 Hôpital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mahraoui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Plique
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Droy-Lefaix
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Desjeux
mesh_terms: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008353:Mannitol / Q000378:metabolism; D017640:Silicates; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D017640:Silicates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008353:Mannitol; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C033214:Smectite; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase