title: The genetic male with absent penis and urethrorectal communication: experience with 5 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital aphallia is a rare anomaly that occurs only once in 30 million births. Five cases are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 5 patients 4 to 20 years old had been reared as female. The bladder neck or short urethra entered the anterior rectum in each patient. At referral 2 patients had a vesicostomy and 1 had a colostomy. Hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux were present in 2 and 3 cases, respectively. After separating the urinary tract from the rectum a urethra was created in each patient and a bowel vagina was constructed in 4 during the same operation. The initial patient did not undergo simultaneous creation of a vagina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient later required a bladder neck narrowing operation for stress incontinence. She became incontinent again after transpubic surgery to create a sigmoid vagina was performed elsewhere 8 years later. The other 4 patients are dry, and they have normal urinary and bowel control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single extensive operation on the bladder, vagina and rectum simultaneously is the ideal approach in these cases using the prone posterior sagittal and supine abdominal perineal positions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hendren
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*