title: Female urologists: a growing population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although urology continues to be a male dominated field, the participation and influence of women within the specialty are growing. In the United States as of July 1995, 56 of 1,339 urology residents (4.2%) and 97 of 8,227 board certified urologists (1.2%) were women. The demographics of this group, including age, board certification, fellowship experience and practice patterns, are unknown. Mentorship and motivations leading to urology as a specialty choice for women are also unreported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed 161 female urologists by mail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the women surveyed 80% responded. Female urologists tend to be young and board certified, 39% are fellowship trained and 22% hold full-time academic positions. Women were discouraged from selecting urology as a specialty because of gender. Many women had male (59%) or no (35%) mentors throughout the training years, 70% were married and 44% had children. Of the 25 respondents who had children during residency most (84%) felt supported by the program director and resident peers. Despite obstacles 94% of female urologists would encourage other women to enter urology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female urologists are young, well educated and career oriented. Although most did not have mentors during training, there is a high level of job satisfaction and low attrition after training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Middleton
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014572:Urology; D000078329:Workforce