title: Comparison of four different sampling methods for detecting pharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in children.
abstract: Samples from 96 children with acute respiratory infection were obtained simultaneously with nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs and by nasopharyngeal aspiration and were cultured on chocolate and blood agar plates. The rates of isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae detected by the four sampling methods were compared. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were optimal for the detection of both S. pneumoniae (isolation rate, 33%) and H. influenzae (isolation rate, 31%). When a nasopharyngeal aspirate is not available, such as for healthy children or children with no obtainable secretions, the nasopharyngeal swab seems optimal for the detection of both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae among children younger than 13 months of age. Among older children, similarly, the nasopharyngeal swab seems optimal for the detection of S. pneumoniae; however, for H. influenzae, the oropharyngeal swab seems optimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccines, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. Satu.Rapola@kt1.fi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rapola
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiiski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Takala
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*