title: Relationship of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality to state of illness in anorexia nervosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression, anxiety, and obsessionality frequently are present in underweight, malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa. It is less certain if these symptoms persist after recovery. Thus, we assessed these symptoms in anorexic women at three states of illness (underweight, short-term weight restored, and long-term weight restored) in comparison to a group of healthy women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used standardized self- and trained rater instruments to assess depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), and obsessions and compulsions (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A similar pattern was found for all symptoms. That is; scores for depression, anxiety, and obsessionality were most elevated in the underweight state. These symptoms improved with weight restoration. However, milder but significantly elevated symptoms persisted in long-term weight-restored anorexic women compared to healthy control women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that malnutrition intensifies the severity of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality in anorexia nervosa. However, the fact that mild to moderate symptoms persisted after long-term weight restoration raises the possibility that such behaviors are related to the pathogenesis of this illness.
authors.affiliation: Center for Overcoming Problem Eating, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pollice
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Greeno
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Weltzin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009770:Obsessive Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology