title: Evidence that systemic relaxin promotes moderate water consumption during late pregnancy in rats.
abstract: The protein hormone relaxin is secreted by the ovaries throughtout the second half of the 23 day pregnancy in the rat. We recently reported that neutralization of endogenous relaxin with monoclonal antibodies for rat relaxin decreases water consumption during the daily light period during the second half of pregnancy in rats. The apparent effects of relaxin on water consumption, however, were extremely modest. One explanation for the failure to observe a greater relaxin-dependent effect on water consumption is failure of the monoclonal antibody for rat relaxin to neutralize all circulating relaxin. A second explanation is that circulating relaxin has only slight effects on water consumption. This investigation was conducted with an experimental model in which circulating relaxin was removed in order to re-examine the effects of relaxin on water consumption during the daily light period in late pregnancy in rats. On day 9 (D9) of pregnancy, before the presence of relaxin (R) in the circulation, primiparious pregnant rats were ovariectomized (O) or sham ovariectomized (C). Throughout the remainder of pregnancy, rats were treated with combinations of either progesterone (P) and estrogen (E, group OPE) or progesterone, estrogen and porcine relaxin (group OPER) in doses that restore physiological parameters to values similar to those that occur during the second half of pregnancy in intact rats. Progesterone and estrogen were administered by Silastic tubing implants and porcine relaxin was administered via miniature osmotic pump. Sham-ovariectomized animals received either the hormone vehicles (group SC) or no implants (group IC). Water consumption was measured daily from D4 to D20 at both 0700 and 2100 h which was when the lights went on and off respectively. Water consumption increased as pregnancy continued from D10 to D20 during the daily 10 h dark periods (P < 0.01), but not during the 14 h light periods for all four groups. Daily water consumed by rats in group OPE was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that consumed by shamovariectomized rats from D17 to D20 and lower than that consumed by rats in group OPER on D20. During the dark period there was no difference in water consumption among groups. During the light period, however, group OPE consumed significantly less water (P < 0.05) than group C from D18 to D22. Moreover, there was a consistent tendency (P < 0.13) for the water consumption to be greater in rats in group OPER than in those in the relaxin-deficient group OPE during the daily light period from D11 to D20 of pregnancy. We conclude that the increase in water consumption that occurs during the daily dark periods during the second half of pregnancy is not attributable to circulating relaxin. Circulating relaxin promotes only modest increases in water consumption during the daily light periods during late pregnancy in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Omi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Sherwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008027:Light; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012065:Relaxin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone; D012065:Relaxin