title: In vitro and in vivo studies on the development of the alpha-emitting radionuclide bismuth 212 for intraperitoneal use against microscopic ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to develop the alpha-emitting radionuclide bismuth 212 for possible intraperitoneal use against microscopic ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiobiologic effectiveness of bismuth 212 was compared in vitro to x rays and chromic phosphate phosphorus 32). The distribution, toxicity, and maximum tolerated dose of bismuth 212 were determined after intraperitoneal administration in animal models. Dose estimates in animals and humans were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In in vitro studies bismuth 212 was three times more effective in eradicating tumor cells grown in monolayers and in 800 microm spheroids. In in vivo studies bismuth 212 was distributed uniformly after intraperitoneal administration. The maximum tolerated dose in rabbits was 60 mCi. There was reversible hematologic toxicity with minimal organ damage. Bismuth 212 prolonged survival and cured up to 40% of animals inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells. Dose estimates made from these studies indicated that dosages administered were effective in eradicating tumor cells and were within the radiotolerance of normal human tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bismuth 212 appears to be a suitable candidate for intraperitoneal use against microscopic ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotmensch
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Reba
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Harper
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000512:Alpha Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011817:Rabbits; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D001729:Bismuth