title: Intracranial fungal granuloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial fungal granulomas are uncommon and their pathogenesis, clinical picture, and effectiveness of therapy remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two cases were studied retrospectively in two groups: (1) Rhinocerebral group (22 cases) had a chronic paranasal sinus (PNS) disease with secondary involvement of skull base, cranial nerves, and/or brain. The granulomas were adherent to dura, firm, avascular, and tough, requiring a knife to cut. (2) Primary intracranial group (10 cases) had no detectable PNS lesion at initial presentation. The granulomas were soft, suckable, and contained pus or necrotic material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative and overall mortality were 37.5% and 50%, respectively. Meningoencephalitis was the most common cause of death. Altered sensorium, pus in the granuloma, and/or severe brain edema were poor prognostic factors. All survivors except four have symptomatic residual or recurrent lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis with MRI or stereotactic biopsy, radical surgery, and high dose and chronic suppressive chemotherapy may improve overall results in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Khosla
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kak
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vasishtha
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mathuriya
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome