title: CD6 ligation modulates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and protects chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells from apoptosis induced by anti-IgM.
abstract: CD6 and CD5 belong to a scavenger-receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) super family of membrane glycoproteins that are expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B (B-CLL) cells, normal T cells, and a small subset of normal B cells. CD6 configures in the membrane in relation to the cellular activation level and can act as a coreceptor for T-cell activation. We have examined a group of progressive and nonprogressive B-CLL cells. Most B-CLL cells were positive for CD6 and the expression of CD6 was increased after activation with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I plus interleukin-2 or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, although anti-CD6 antibodies did not increase proliferative responses to these stimuli. However, anti-CD6 stimulation was found to protect against anti-IgM-induced apoptosis in B-CLL. bax(alpha) upregulation and bcl-2 downregulation were found in anti-IgM- and glucocorticoid (GCC)-induced apoptotic cells, respectively. Furthermore, CD6 cross-linking downregulated bax(alpha) mRNA levels in anti-IgM-treated cells, resulting in an increased bcl-2/bax(alpha) ratio. CD6 activation also prevented bcl-2 mRNA downregulation and apoptosis induced by GCC in one of six GCC-sensitive patients. These data suggest that an interaction between CD6 and its ligand might contribute to B-CLL survival through the modulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Santiago
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Santelises
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jondal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000502:physiology*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C494826:BAX protein, human; C062279:CD6 antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C044203:anti-IgM; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein