title: Energy metabolism and glycolysis in human placental trophoblast cells during differentiation.
abstract: Energy metabolism and glycolysis of normal human term placental trophoblast in two-sided culture was investigated during differentiation from cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast, because glycogen metabolism is abnormal in several trophoblast related pregnancy diseases, including pre-eclampsia. After initial recovery of energy and cytoplasmic NADH/NAD+ redox by 24 h of culture, measures of cellular energy state, [ATP], [ADP], [ATP]/[ADP] ratio, ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]), [ATP]/([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) and energy charge remained essentially constant until 72 h, despite periods of increased energy turnover. At 24 h there was a burst of glycogenolysis, and glycolysis indicated by increased lactate production, which coincided with formation of syncytium. Subsequently, there was no resynthesis nor further breakdown of glycogen. At 48 h, oxygen consumption temporarily increased substantially, without increased glycolysis, during functional differentiation of the syncytiotrophoblast. Glucose uptake was constant and largely from the basal (in vivo fetal facing) side. Lactate output into the basal fetal medium was twice as fast as that into the microvillous (maternal) medium, and oxygen uptake was also asymmetrical. The results show that before and after differentiation substantial relatively constant aerobic glycolysis occurs, but that during increased energy demand cytotrophoblast depends on both glycolytic and aerobic energy production whereas syncytiotrophoblast relies on aerobic metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Royal Postgraduate Medical School Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bloxam
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D011773:Pyruvates; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006003:Glycogen