Neuroimmunology of tics and other childhood hyperkinesias.
The etiology of tics and other childhood hyperkinesias is unclear despite attempts to link these movement disorders to neurotransmitter abnormalities and genes. This article will review the studies that suggest that some movement disorders are the result of immunologic factors.
Hallett
J J
JJ
Department of Pediatrics, Brown University School of Medicine, Pawtucket, Rhode Island 02860, USA.
Kiessling
L S
LS
D000917:Antibody Formation; D002648:Child; D002819:Chorea / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D012106:Research; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000276:immunology*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000276:immunology