title: Determination of dichlorobenzidine-hemoglobin adducts by GC/MS-NCI.
abstract: A method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative ion chemical ionization detection (GC/MS-NCI) was developed for the determination of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB)-hemoglobin adducts. Adducts were released from hemoglobin by mild alkaline hydrolysis and determined by GC/MS-NCI after extraction and derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA). 2,2'-DCB was used as internal standard and the recovery of the diarylamine derivatives in the overall procedure was 65-88%. The limit of detection attained was below 0.1 ng/g hemoglobin for DCB as well as for the metabolite N-acetyl-3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (acDCB). The method was shown to be linear up to 150 ng/g hemoglobin. In the NCI mass spectra of the HFB derivatives the dominant ion is (M-HF)-. Due to the presence of two chlorines in the diarylamines, the characteristic ratio of 1.5 for m/z 624 to 626 (for diHFB-DCB and diHFB-2,2'-DCB) and m/z 470 to 472 (for HFB-acDCB) can be observed and used for identification. The method was applied to the determination of DCB-hemoglobin adducts formed in young female Wistar rats after treatment for 4 weeks with 0.006%, 0.0012% or 0.00024% DCB via the drinking water. Two adducts were detectable by GC/MS-NCI after alkaline hydrolysis of hemoglobin samples, extraction and derivatization. The structure of these adducts could be assigned to DCB and acDCB by co-chromatography with the synthetic standards and by the presence of the characteristic ion (M-HF)-. Assessment of the time dependence of hemoglobin adduct formation during subchronic treatment with DCB revealed an increase in adduct levels during weeks 1-3. After this time adduct levels essentially remained constant. In hemoglobin samples isolated from animals treated for 4 weeks with DCB a dose-proportional increase in the total amount DCB- and acDCB-hemoglobin adducts from 8.1 ng DCB/g hemoglobin at 0.3 mg/kg body weight per day (0.00024% in drinking water) to 159.9 ng DCB/g hemoglobin at 5.8 mg/kg body weight per day (0.006% in drinking water) was observed. The ratio of the DCB adduct to the acDCB adduct was strongly dose dependent. At low DCB doses the acDCB- and DCB adducts were formed at similar levels, whereas at high DCB doses the DCB adduct was predominant.
authors.affiliation: Central Occupational Hygiene Laboratory, Central Analytical Department CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joppich-Kuhn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hänggi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sagelsdorff
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weideli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joppich
mesh_terms: D015101:3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D006454:Hemoglobins; D015101:3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine