title: Effect of guaiazulene on some cytochrome P450 activities. Implication in the metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
abstract: The in vitro and in vivo effect of guaiazulene, a natural azulene derivative, on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) is investigated. Furthermore, paracetamol hepatotoxicity is induced in rats and the activity of specific cytochrome P450 forms, involved in the metabolic activation of paracetamol to the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) is examined, after the administration of guaiazulene, using diagnostic cytochrome P450 substrates. It is found that guaiazulene inhibited considerably CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 and had a weak effect on CYP1A1 in rat hepatic microsomal fractions. Guaiazulene administered to rats did not produce any macroscopic toxic effect and caused no change of liver weight, microsomal protein and total cytochrome P450 content. Guaiazulene inhibited CYP1A2 activity in rats with or without paracetamol intoxication. Considering that CYP1A2 participates in the formation of NAPQI, as well as in the metabolic activation of several toxic and carcinogenic compounds, these results, in combination with the antioxidant activity of guaiazulene that we have found in previous investigations, indicate potential useful applications of guaiazulene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kourounakis
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rekka
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kourounakis
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052176:Azulenes; D001711:Biotransformation; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045789:Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000975:Antioxidants; D052176:Azulenes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045789:Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane; C004451:guaiazulene; D000082:Acetaminophen; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System