title: Analysis of p21WAF1/CIP1 in primary bladder tumors.
abstract: The p21WAF1/CIP1 gene is regulated by p53 and encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-inhibitor involved in senescence and cell quiescence. The role of p21 as a negative regulator of cell proliferation suggests that it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. However, only a few mutations of the p21WAF1/CIP1 gene have been reported to date. In order to assess potential p21WAF1/CIP1 gene alterations in human bladder cancer, we have examined this gene and its encoded product in a well-characterized cohort of 27 primary bladder tumors. Mobility shifts by single-strand conformation polymorphism in the p21WAF1/CIP1 gene were identified in 2 cases. Sequencing analyses revealed that one of these cases had point mutations in the 3' untranslated region, while the other case had a frame shift mutation at positions 322 (C to A) and a deletion of 8 nucleotides (323-->331; CCG-->ACG, codon 81 Arg-->Thr) that produced a stop signal at codon 83 (Gly--Stop). This tumor had a p21-negative phenotype by immunohistochemistry, but did not lose any allele. We further characterized these cases by the study of TP53 mutations using single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing, as well as immunohistochemical assays. Seven mobility shifts were identified and seven cases showed p53 nuclear accumulation. The two cases displaying mutated p21WAF1/CIP1 had wild-type TP53. It is concluded that p21WAF1/CIP1 gene aberrations are infrequent in bladder carcinoma but may be occasionally identified in primary bladder tumors.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacombe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orlow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Gerald
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordon-Cardo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm