title: Prevention of pneumococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
abstract: This report updates the last recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MMWR 1989;38:64-8, 73-6). ACIP recommends that the vaccine be used more extensively and administered to all persons in the following groups: a) persons aged > or = 65 years, b) immunocompetent persons aged > or = to 2 years who are at increased risk for illness and death associated with pneumococcal disease because of chronic illness, c) persons aged > or = 2 years with functional or anatomic asplenia, d) persons aged > or = 2 years living in environments in which the risk for disease is high, and e) immunocompromised persons aged > or = 2 years who are at high risk for infection. This report contains updated information regarding a) antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci, b) vaccine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, c) indications for vaccination, d) guidelines for revaccination, e) strategies for improving delivery of vaccine, and f) development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000075202:Contraindications; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007121:Immunocompetence; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D012307:Risk Factors; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D010406:Penicillins; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate