title: Penetration of keratinocyte-derived cytokines into basement membrane.
abstract: Keratinocytes are known to produce a wide variety of cytokines which are believed to play a significant role in cutaneous inflammatory and immunologic reactions. Considering the array of proteolytic enzymes present in the skin and the transient nature of cytokines produced from keratinocytes, it is unclear whether cytokines released by keratinocytes cross the basement membrane and contribute to distal inflammatory and immune reactions. To investigate the ability of cytokines released from human keratinocytes to cross basement membrane, we used a two chamber culture model. Keratinocytes were plated in the upper chamber coated with a reconstituted basement membrane matrix (matrigel) on a microporous membrane. To augment cytokine production, we exposed keratinocytes to 300 J/m2 UVB; 24 h later the supernatants were collected, and the levels of cytokine were measured by ELISA. IL-1alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were found to be increased after UVB irradiation in the upper chamber, and significant amounts (70-80%) of each cytokine were detected in the lower chamber. Our results indicate that keratinocyte-derived cytokines are available for interactions below the basement membrane and present circumstantial evidence that the production of those cytokines from keratinocytes contributes to the elevation of circulation after the UVB exposure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kooshesh
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Sauder
mesh_terms: D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen