title: Epinephrine impairs splanchnic perfusion in septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of epinephrine on splanchnic perfusion and splanchnic oxygen uptake in patients with septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with septic shock, according to the criteria of the 1992 American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference, requiring treatment with vasopressors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared in crossover design a 2-hr infusion of epinephrine with dobutamine plus norepinephrine in eight ICU patients with septic shock. Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics and oxygen transport were measured before and during treatment with epinephrine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was essentially no effect of epinephrine on the global parameters, except for increased lactate concentrations. There were marked effects on the regional variables; epinephrine caused lower splanchnic flow and oxygen uptake, lower mucosal pH, and higher hepatic vein lactate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that undesirable splanchnic effects on patients in whom that region is particularly fragile should be considered when using epinephrine for septic shock treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier-Hellmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinhart
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bredle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hannemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine