title: Pharmacology and regulation of the neuronal dopamine transporter.
abstract: The dopamine transporter, a member of the family of Na+,Cl(-)-dependent transporters, mediates uptake of dopamine into dopaminergic neurons by an electrogenic, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-transport-coupled mechanism. Dopamine and blockers of uptake such as cocaine probably bind to both shared and separate domains on the transporter, which can be influenced dramatically by the presence of cations. Regulation of the dopamine transporter occurs both by chronic occupancy with blocker and by acute effects of D2 dopamine receptors or second messengers such as diacylglycerol (protein kinase C) and arachidonic acid. The dopamine transporter is involved in the uptake of toxins generating Parkinson's disease; it is also an important target for psychostimulant drugs, ligands for in vivo imaging and medications used for neurologic diseases involving changes in the dopamine system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences (formerly Basic Sciences), University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria 61656, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reith
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D006801:Humans; D017136:Ion Transport; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D004298:Dopamine