title: The gift of blood in Europe: an ethical defence of EC directive 89/381.
abstract: Article 3.4 of EC directive 89/381 requires member states to take "all necessary measures to promote Community self-sufficiency in human blood or human plasma" and, for this purpose, to "encourage the voluntary unpaid donation of blood and plasma". This paper presents an ethical case in support of the policy of voluntary, unpaid donation.
authors.affiliation: Queens' College, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keown
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000523:psychology; D003132:Commerce / Q000458:organization & administration*; D032821:Commodification; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005062:European Union; D037921:Gift Giving; D018594:Human Body; D006801:Humans; D028681:Moral Obligations; D011640:Public Policy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012935:Social Justice; D035141:Voluntary Programs; D035862:Vulnerable Populations