title: Evidence that injection of vitamin A before mating may improve embryo survival in gilts fed normal or high-energy diets.
abstract: The hypothesis was that administration of vitamin A before ovulation would improve embryo survival in gilts fed a high-energy diet intentionally to reduce embryo survival. Forty crossbred ([Landrace x Large White] x [Duroc x Hampshire]) gilts were fed control (5.5 Mcal ME/d) or high-energy (11.0 Mcal ME/d) diets from 7 d after second estrus until 11 to 12 d after third estrus. Gilts in each dietary group received (i.m.) corn oil or retinyl palmitate (1 x 10(6) IU, vitamin A) on d 15 after second estrus and were mated at third estrus. Blood for determination of progesterone and estradiol was collected twice daily. The uterus and ovaries were removed on d 11 or 12 after third estrus for assessment of number of CL, and number, size and aromatase activity of embryos. Neither diet nor vitamin treatment affected number of CL. The high-energy diet exerted a negative effect on number of embryos (P = .09) and embryo survival (P = .07), whereas vitamin A exerted a positive effect on number of embryos (P = .07) and embryo survival (P = .08). The high-energy diet increased variation in embryo diameter, whereas vitamin A reduced variation in diameter and increased average diameter. Neither diet nor vitamin treatment influenced aromatase activity of embryos. Diet and vitamin treatment interacted with day to influence serum progesterone, but not estradiol. Injecting vitamin A before estrus restored embryo survival to normal levels in gilts fed high-energy diets, and this may be attributable to decreased variation in size of embryos.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Whaley
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Hedgpeth
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Britt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001141:Aromatase / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D001141:Aromatase