title: Tourette syndrome. Secondary tic disorders.
abstract: The putative relationship between a variety of neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, which have been reported in association with tics, is reviewed. Tics also may be increased or exacerbated by drugs affecting a variety of neurotransmitter systems. Recognition and study of these secondary tic disorders may further our understanding of basal ganglia physiology and the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, the Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000175:diagnosis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*