title: Determinants of longer duration of endotracheal intubation after adult cardiac operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor pulmonary reserve is a risk factor that is used to exclude some patients from major operations. However, the value of routine spirometry in patients undergoing cardiac operations has not been widely evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes of 586 consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac operations were reviewed retrospectively to assess predictors of longer duration of endotracheal intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By univariate analysis, congestive failure (p < 0.001), cardiomegaly (p = 0.002), recent myocardial infarction (p = 0.039), priority of operation (p = 0.005), previous cardiac operation (p < 0.001), and renal insufficiency (p = 0.002) increased the risk of longer endotracheal intubation. Spirometry (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume at 1 second to forced vital capacity) did not correlate with longer endotracheal intubation. Perioperative complications, such as myocardial infarction (p < 0.001), coma, reexploration for bleeding, and reduced cardiac output (p < 0.001 each), correlated with longer duration of intubation. By multiple regression, priority of operation (p = 0.03), congestive failure (p = 0.02), and previous cardiac operation (p = 0.005) among preoperative risks and bleeding, reduced cardiac output, stroke, coma, and MB fraction of creatine kinase released postoperatively (p < 0.001 each) predicted longer duration of endotracheal intubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative cardiac function and the occurrence of complications are more significant than preoperative pulmonary function in determining the duration of endotracheal intubation after cardiac operation. Routine spirometry is probably unnecessary for most adult cardiac patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Binford
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000758:Anesthesia; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity