title: Food intake and diet selection in sheep: the effect of manipulating the rates of digestion of carbohydrates and protein of the foods offered as a choice.
abstract: An experiment was designed to investigate whether the degree of synchrony between the rates of digestion of carbohydrates and N of foods offered as a choice would have an effect, through their consequences, on the short- and long-term diet selection of sheep. Four foods (RL, RH, SL and SH) with the same high metabolizable energy, and similar high metabolizable protein contents were made into pellets. Foods RL and RH were based on a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate source and foods SL and SH on a slowly fermentable carbohydrate source; within each source one food (RL or SL) had a low, and the other (RH or SH) a high, rumen-degradable protein (RDP) content. The foods within a carbohydrate source were offered either singly or as a choice (RL/RH or SL/SH) to eleven rumen-fistulated mature sheep. The design was two 3 x 3 Latin squares (replicated once) with 5-week periods; squares consisted of two single foods and their respective choice. Weeks 1, 3 and 5 were considered to be controls, and weeks 2 and 4 used for rumen infusions of either urea or fructose infused over 4 h (10.00-14.00 hours). Food intake (FI) and diet selections (DS) were recorded daily and every 2 h (08.00-16.00 hours) on days 2-5 of each week; rumen pH and NH3 concentrations were also measured during these time intervals of day 5. As expected, feeding treatment affected significantly the rumen measurements: rumen NH3 concentrations were higher on foods RH and SH, and rumen pH lowest on RL. Daily FI was lowest on treatments SL, and choice SL/SH. The mean daily proportion of the low-RDP food in the selected diet was lower when the carbohydrate source was rapidly (choice RL/RH) rather than slowly fermentable (choice SL/SH); this was consistent with the experimental hypothesis. Short-term infusions affected further rumen variables (in the expected directions), irrespective of feeding treatment. However, DS over the 4h infusion period were unaffected; these short-term DS were consistent with the ones selected over the longer term (daily). The results suggest that the long-term (daily) diet selection of sheep may be affected by the degree of synchrony of energy and protein to the rumen. The fact that diet selections were not altered further by short-term manipulations of these supplies might reflect inadequacies of the methodology (infusions) adopted here.
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Behavioural Sciences Department, Scottish Agricultural College Edinburgh.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kyriazakis
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Oldham
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia