title: MIB-1 immunohistochemistry in clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors predicts patients at low risk for metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical Stage I of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) is inaccurate in 30% of patients. In previous studies on tumor biologic risk factors, low tumor proliferation rates predicted a group of patients at low risk for occult metastatic disease. The goal of this study was to confirm the immunohistochemical assessment of tumor proliferation using MIB-1 (Ki-67 receptor) in a different patient cohort with different investigators to prove the method's reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orchiectomy specimens of 78 patients with clinical Stage I NSGCT (50 patients with pathologic Stage I and 28 patients with pathologic Stage II disease, all patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection) were retrospectively analyzed by histopathologic reevaluation and MIB-1 immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MIB-1 values between the two pathologic stages differed significantly (51.5% MIB-1 positive tumors cells in pathologic Stage I and 75.1% MIB-1 positive tumor cells in pathologic Stage II disease; P = 0.02). Using a 70% cutoff value, pathologic stages were correctly classified in 69% of cases (sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 60%, negative predictive value of 88%, and positive predictive value of 55%). Compared with traditional risk factors such as percentage of embryonal carcinoma and vascular invasion, in multivariate analysis, MIB-1 was the best predictor of patients at low risk for metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study in a different patient population with different investigators confirmed previous results of MIB-1 staining to predict a group of patients with clinical Stage I NSGCT who were at low risk for metastasis. The method is simple and reproducible to improve risk classification in low stage testicular carcinoma. Using this technique, a group of patients at very low risk for metastasis can be identified. [See editorial counterpoint on pages 1641-5 and reply to counterpoint on page 1646, this issue.]
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bonn University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bierhoff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fimmers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wernert
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018237:Germinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011946:Receptors, Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011946:Receptors, Antigen