title: Left ventricular size and function in elite bodybuilders using anabolic steroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between resistance training, anabolic steroid use, and left ventricular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen competitive bodybuilders were recruited for an echocardiography study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of North Texas Health Science Center (Fort Worth, TX, U.S.A.); the cardiologist and technician were blinded as to subjects' drug status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight competitive heavyweight drug-free (DF) bodybuilders and eight competitive heavyweight body-builders on self-directed regimens of anabolic steroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average body mass indexes (BMI; kg/m2) for the drug-user (DU) and DF groups were not significantly different (34.1 +/- 2.8 and 32.0 +/- 4.3, respectively). Increases in left ventricular posterior wall and ventricular septal thickness were apparent in the DU group (p < 0.05). The ratio of echocardiographic findings to BMI revealed a significantly smaller left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDEd/BMI; p < 0.05) in the DU group. The smaller LVDEd in DUs is coupled with a significantly disproportionate septal and posterior wall thickness in DUs when indexed to body mass compared to DFs. There was no direct evidence of diastolic dysfunction detected by mitral inflow velocity patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anabolic steroids may potentiate concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with decreasing ventricular compliance without affecting cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107-2609, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Dickerman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McConathy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000886:Anthropometry; D003187:Compliance; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*; D014891:Weight Lifting
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents