Toxicological considerations of tooth bleaching using peroxide-containing agents.
Peroxides have been used for tooth bleaching for more than 100 years. Besides those administered in the dental office, agents for at-home bleaching have become popular. To date, there have been no published significant adverse effects caused by dentist-monitored, at-home bleaching agents. But potential risks, particularly those associated with abuses or the use of inappropriate products, need to be recognized. Using an ADA-accepted, at-home bleaching agent under a dentist's supervision is recommended to minimize risks while achieving desired benefits.
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Indiana University Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
D000818:Animals; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005609:Free Radicals; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014073:Tooth Bleaching; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
D004338:Drug Combinations; D005609:Free Radicals; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide