title: Distal dorsal forearm flap.
abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the vascular supply of the distal dorsal forearm and the feasibility of using a local skin flap based on perforating vessels of the anterior interosseous artery (AIA) to reconstruct the dorsal aspect of the hand. The results of anatomic studies on 71 adult, fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities indicate that a new flap can be designed based on a cutaneous branch of the AIA. The AIA runs along the volar surface of the anterior interosseous membrane. At the proximal border of the pronator quadratus muscle it gives off a dorsal septocutaneous branch (DSCB) that pierces the interosseous membrane and supplies the extensor muscles of the thumb and the skin of the distal two-thirds of the dorsal forearm. The average artery diameter at the origin of the DSCB was 1.1 +/- 0.2 mm (mean +/- standard error of mean). The mean pedicle length was 3.1 +/- 0.6 cm. The pedicle could be extended to 12.4 +/- 0.9 cm if the entire AIA was included. Based on dye injection studies, the smallest skin paddle that could be supported by this vessel ranged from 5 x 9 cm to 8 x 15 cm. The flap can be configured as an island vascular flap based on the DSCB or AIA, a distally based flap, a free flap, a fascial flap, or a composite flap including muscle, bone, nerve, and skin.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8041, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Zahir
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zink
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saglaam
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Restifo
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology*