title: Quality of life in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, 1,721,700 women are living with breast cancer in the United States. As the number of survivors of breast cancer continues to rise, so must our knowledge about unique quality-of-life concerns. This article reports the results of a study on quality of life in women with breast cancer and validates the model of quality of life in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore these concerns and to validate a breast cancer quality-of-life model, 21 survivors of breast cancer, across three age strata (younger than 40 years, 40 to 60 years, and older than 60 years), were interviewed and asked to complete quantitative surveys on pain and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all age groups, unique issues of survivorship include those related to physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. In the domain of physical well-being, the areas of worst outcome were in menstrual changes and fertility, fatigue, and pain. In the domain of psychological well-being, predominant needs were in the areas of fear of the spread of cancer, distress from surgery, recurrence, fear of second cancer, impact on self-concept, and fear of future tests. The social well-being subscale identified the greatest disruption in the area of family distress. The spiritual well-being subscale showed greatest disruption in the area of uncertainty, although other aspects of this domain were usually rated in a positive direction (e.g., importance of religious activities).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrated the need for further research, assessment, and intervention across each of the quality-of-life domains. There is a significant need to address physical problems; however, the psychological domain demonstrated the greatest area of distress. The multidimensional needs of breast cancer survivors emphasize the need for multidisciplinary collaboration.
authors.affiliation: City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte CA 91010, USA.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otis-Green
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schaffner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology