title: Angiogenesis and osteogenesis in an orthopedically expanded suture.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the angiogenic and the subsequent osteogenic responses during a 96-hour time-course after sutural expansion. Fifty rats were divided into: (1) a control group that received only angiogenic induction through injection of 5 ng/gm recombinant human endothelial cell growth factor (rhECGF); (2) an experimental group that received orthopedic expansion and rhECGF; (3) a sham group that received expansion and sodium chloride (NaCl) injection; and (4) a baseline group that received no expansion or injection. All rats were injected with 3H-thymidine (1.0 microCi/gm) 1 hour before death to label the DNA of S-phase cells. Demineralized sections (4 microm thick) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Angiogenesis and cell migration were analyzed with a previously established cell kinetics model. Analysis of variance was used to test the hypothesis that enhancement of angiogenesis stimulates reestablishment of osteogenic capability. Blood vessel number, area, and endothelial cell-labeled index significantly increased in experimental groups, but no difference was found between control and baseline groups. Labeled-pericyte index and activated pericyte numbers in the experimental group were also higher than in the sham groups. These results show that supplemental rhECGF enhances angiogenesis in expanded sutures but not in nonexpanded sutures. Data also suggest that pericytes are the source of osteoblasts in an orthopedically expanded suture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Facial Development, School of Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Garetto
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Katona
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins