title: The antibipolar drug valproate mimics lithium in stimulating glutamate release and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation in brain cortex slices but not accumulation of inositol monophosphates and bisphosphates.
abstract: Valproic acid and lithium are effective antibipolar drugs. We recently showed that lithium stimulated the release of glutamate in monkey and mouse cerebral cortex slices, which, through activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, increased accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]. We show here that valproate behaves similarly to lithium in that at therapeutic concentrations it stimulates glutamate release and Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation in mouse cerebral cortex slices. The fact that these two effects are a common denominator for two structurally unrelated antibipolar drugs suggests that these effects are important in their antibipolar action. The effects of maximal concentrations of lithium and valproate on glutamate release are additive, suggesting different mechanisms for release, which are discussed. The additivity of the two drugs on glutamate release is consistent with the clinical benefit of combining the two drugs in the treatment of subsets of bipolar patients, e.g., in rapid cycling manic-depression. Unlike lithium, valproate does not increase accumulation of inositol monophosphates, inositol bisphosphates, or inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. This is additional evidence against the "inositol depletion" hypothesis, which states that, by trapping inositol in the form of inositol monophosphates and certain inositol polyphosphates, lithium exerts its antimanic action by inhibiting resynthesis of phosphoinositides with resultant blunting of Ins(1,4,5)P3 signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hokin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014635:Valproic Acid; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D008094:Lithium