title: Improved Bayesian image estimation for digital chest radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, we have shown that Spatially Varying Bayesian Image Estimation (SVBIE) can be used to reduce scatter and improve contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) in digital chest radiographs with no degradation of image resolution. This previous algorithm used a model for scatter compensation that was derived for emission tomography. Here, we develop and evaluate a new iterative SVBIE technique that incorporates a scatter model derived for projection radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Portable digital radiographs of an anthropomorphic chest phantom were obtained along with quantitative scatter measurements using a calibrated photostimulable phosphor system. The new iterative SVBIE technique was applied to the phantom image to reduce scatter. Scatter fraction reduction, CNR improvement, and resolution degradation were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residual scatter fractions were reduced to less than 2% in the lungs and 30% in the mediastinum at 14 iterations. CNR was improved by approximately 50% in the lung region and 187% in the mediastinum. Resolution was not degraded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new SVBIE technique can reduce scatter to levels far below those provided by an antiscatter grid and can increase CNR without loss of resolution. The new technique outperforms the previous Bayesian techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Baydush
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bowsher
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Laading
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Floyd
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017785:Photons; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation