title: Abnormal intraoperative cholangiography. Treatment options and long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term outcome in patients with filling defects on intraoperative cholangiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (n = 872) undergoing cholecystectomy from July 1993 through June 1995. Of 281 intraoperative cholangiograms performed, 89 had abnormal findings. Defects were classified as stone (n = 47), unsure (n = 29), and artifact (n = 13). Medical records were reviewed for immediate and long-term follow-up results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Need for common bile duct exploration (CBDE) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morbidity and interventions required 1 to 3 years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 47 patients with suspected stones, 24 underwent successful operative bile duct clearance. One patient required irrigation. Of the 22 patients who left the operating room with unresolved stones, only 2 ERCPs were required. Of the 29 patients with unsure filling defects, operative clearance was successful in 1; irrigation achieved clearance in 4. Only 1 of the 24 patients who left the operating room with unsure filling defects required subsequent ERCP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observation of common bile duct defects of 4 mm or smaller is an appropriate clinical alternative. Defects of 5 mm or larger represent a gray area, although few 5- to 8-mm stones will cause subsequent symptoms. In our experience, if stone extraction is clinically important, especially if the patient has jaundice, open CBDE is more effective than transcystic laparoscopic CBDE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of St Raphael, New Haven, Conn, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kondylis
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ciardiello
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Reinhold
mesh_terms: D002758:Cholangiography; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors