title: Targeting transforming growth factor alpha expression to discrete loci of the neuroendocrine brain induces female sexual precocity.
abstract: Precocious puberty of cerebral origin is a poorly understood disorder of human sexual development, brought about by the premature activation of those neurons that produce luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), the neuropeptide controlling sexual maturation. An increased production of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) in the hypothalamus has been implicated in the mechanism underlying both normal and precocious puberty. We have now used two gene delivery systems to target TGF alpha overexpression near LHRH neurons in immature female rats. Fibroblasts infected with a retroviral construct in which expression of the human TGF alpha gene is constitutively driven by the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter, or transfected with a plasmid in which TGF alpha expression is controlled by an inducible metallothionein promoter, were transplanted into several regions of the hypothalamus. When the cells were in contact with LHRH nerve terminals or in the vicinity of LHRH perikarya, sexual maturation was accelerated. These results suggest that precocious puberty of cerebral origin may result from a focal disorder of TGF alpha production within the confines of the LHRH neuron microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center/Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton 97006, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rage
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sena-Esteves
authors.forename: X O
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Breakefield
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ojeda
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012190:Retroviridae; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D014162:Transfection; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase