title: Airway management in children with craniofacial anomalies.
abstract: Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) predispose children to airway obstruction. A retrospective study was conducted to describe airway intervention required to manage patients with craniofacial syndromes and diseases involving the midface and mandible (i.e., Pierre Robin, Apert, Treacher Collins, Saethre-Chotzen, CHARGE, Nager, Stickler, Goldenhar, and Pfeiffer). The type of airway intervention, duration of intervention, and associated physical and medical conditions were evaluated. One hundred nine patients had charts available for review and met inclusion criteria. Sixty-five of these patients required airway management, most commonly in the first month of life, ranging from positioning to tracheotomy. Nineteen patients required a tracheotomy. Associated medical conditions and feeding difficulties were associated with airway obstruction. This study evaluates factors that predispose children with CFA to have airway problems that need treatment, as well as the types of airway management that are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Medical Corps, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Service, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Milczuk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000168:Acrocephalosyndactylia / Q000150:complications; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002754:Choanal Atresia / Q000601:surgery; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000150:complications; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D011187:Posture; D012119:Respiration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014140:Tracheotomy