title: Interactive effects of dietary chromium tripicolinate and crude protein level in growing-finishing pigs provided inadequate and adequate pen space.
abstract: An experiment was conduct to determine the interactive effects of dietary chromium tripicolinate (CrPic), CP, and pen space (PS) as a stress on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma hormones and metabolites of crossbred growing-finishing pigs (128 pigs; initial BW 27.2 kg). A factorial arrangement of treatments included two levels of Cr (0 and 400 ppb as CrPic), two levels of CP (80 [80P] and 120% [120P] of the lysine requirement; NRC, 1988), and two levels of PS (adequate [APS] or inadequate [IPS]). In the grower phase, ADG was decreased more by IPS when pigs were fed 80P (CP x PS, P < .08). Gain/feed (G/F) was decreased by IPS in pigs fed 80P; however, in pigs fed 120P, IPS increased G/F (CP x PS, P < .01). Supplemental Cr did not affect (P > .10) ADG, ADFI, or G/F in the grower phase. In the finisher phase, pigs, fed 120P had less (P < .10) ADFI but similar (P > .10) ADG compared with pigs fed 80P. Gain/feed was higher (P < .10) in pigs fed 120P than in pigs fed 80P. Daily gain ADFI were lower (P < .03) in pigs provided IPS than in pigs provided APS. In pigs fed 80P, CrPic tended to result in higher ADG and G/F; however, in pigs fed 120P, Cr tended to result in lower ADG and G/F (CP x Cr, P < .09). Pigs fed 120P had greater (P < .03) longissimus muscle area (LMA) and percentage of muscling (PM) and less (P < .03) 10th rib fat thickness (TRF) than pigs fed 80P. Pigs provided IPS had greater LMA and PM and less TRF than pigs provided APS (P < .03). Pigs fed CrPic had higher TRF when provided IPS but lower TRF when provided APS (Cr x PS, P < .07). Feeding CrPic had minimal effect on plasma urea N, cholesterol, glucose, NEFA, insulin, or growth hormone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bidner
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008239:Lysine / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D010848:Picolinic Acids; C079689:chromium tripicolinate; D013006:Growth Hormone; D008239:Lysine