title: Glutamine and other amino acid losses during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.
abstract: Serum amino grams and daily losses of glutamine (Gln) and other amino acids (AAs) into diafiltrate were measured during the first 5 days of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in 6 ICU patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Four patients had ARF as a part of multiple organ failure (MOF) of septic origin, and 2 patients had isolated ARF because of primary renal disease. During the study, all the patients received defined total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The mean daily AA losses into dialysate were relatively low (0.61 +/- 0.1 gN) and reached 4.5% of the daily AA substitution. Gln represented 32.7 +/- 5.9% of the total AA losses (0.19 +/- 0.04 gN). Serum levels of Gln (p = 0.002) and of most other AAs were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (AA analysis in 16 healthy volunteers). Phenylalanine (Phe) was the only AA that was increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the patients. The mean patient serum concentrations of Phe and tyrosine were significantly higher (p < 0.03) than the correspondent concentrations in dialysate, but the lysine concentration was higher in dialysate (p < 0.03). The serum and dialysate concentrations of other AAs did not differ. Gln in serum decreased significantly (p < 0.03) on the second day of CVVHDF but returned to the baseline levels subsequently. Serum concentrations of Phe increased on the second day of CVVHDF (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of other AAs remained stable during the whole study. We conclude that Gln losses into dialysate during CVVHDF are relatively low, but CVVHDF itself may induce changes in Gln metabolism and distribution that are reflected by a decrease of serum Gln levels at the institution of this treatment. Therefore, the need for Gln supplementation in ICU patients is even greater in the first days of CVVHDF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, charles University Hospital Plzen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Srámek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pittrová
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rusavý
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacigová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eiselt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kohoutková
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Veselá
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Opatrný
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000628:therapy; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014633:Valine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007532:Isoleucine; D005973:Glutamine; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D008715:Methionine; D007930:Leucine; D014633:Valine; D008239:Lysine