title: Induction of a novel conformation in the progesterone receptor by ZK299 involves a defined region of the carboxyl-terminal tail.
abstract: Progesterone receptor antagonists are a promising class of therapeutic drugs indicated for the treatment of a variety of reproductive conditions. Understanding their mechanism of action at the molecular level is an important prerequisite for the development of future generations of these drugs. Using limited proteolytic analysis to monitor conformational changes in the progesterone receptor, we can detect three distinct classes of progestin antagonist. The effect of the first, RU486, on the conformation of the carboxyl terminus of the receptor has been previously described. The second, exemplified by RWJ 47626, a nonsteroidal compound with in vitro antiprogestin activity, induces a proteolytic fragment pattern indistinguishable from that induced by the agonist R5020. Finally, ZK299 induces a fragment pattern intermediate between that induced by R5020 and RU486. Site-directed mutagenesis of the carboxyl-terminal tail of the progesterone receptor indicates that the region containing the putative activation function AF-2 is differentially exposed to proteolytic attack depending on the nature of the antagonist bound. The differentially exposed region is most accessible when the antagonist RU486 is bound, less accessible when the antagonist ZK299 is bound, and least accessible when the antagonist RWJ47626 or agonist R5020 is bound. The results suggest that multiple types of antiprogestin can be defined in terms of their effects on the conformation of the carboxyl-terminal activation function of the progesterone receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haynes-Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiddoe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rybczynski
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Combs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D006067:Gonanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011397:Promegestone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D017421:Sequence Analysis
chemical_list: D006067:Gonanes; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011397:Promegestone; C053238:onapristone