title: Sports drinks hazard to teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the dental hazards associated with sports supplement drinks by investigating the chemicophysical properties of eight brands of sports drinks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pH and titratable acidity against 0.1 M NaOH was measured. Calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentrations and viscosities of Carbolode, Gatorade, High Five, Isostar, Lucozade Sport Lemon, Lucozade Sport Orange, Maxim, and PSP22 were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH values of the drinks ranged from 4.46 (Maxim) to 2.38 (Isostar) and therefore were below the critical pH value (5.5) for enamel demineralisation. Both Lucozade varieties had high titratable acidities (16.30 ml 0.1M NaOH to neutrality) with Gatorade, High Five, and Isostar displaying intermediate titratable acidity, although Isostar had 74.5 ppm calcium and 63.6 ppm phosphate. The fluoride concentration of all drinks was low, and none of the drinks was particularly viscous (range 3.1-1.4 mPa.s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chemicophysical analyses indicate that all the sports drinks in this study have erosive potential. However, drinks with higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and higher concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride will reduce this erosive potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milosevic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D013177:Sports; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D015532:Rehydration Solutions