title: Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for localized carcinoma of the prostate: a comparison of 3 surgical techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pelvic lymph node dissection continues to be the most effective method of staging extracapsular adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Three principal methods of pelvic lymph node dissection are currently available: intraperitoneal laparoscopic, minilaparotomy and the standard open modified pelvic lymph node dissection. In the hope of determining some of the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with each technique a comparison of these approaches was made.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 68 patients with histologically proved clinical stage T3N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent staging pelvic lymph node dissection 38 underwent modified open, 19 laparoscopic and 11 minilaparotomy procedures. The efficacy of node sampling, resource expenditure and complication rates were compared among the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the number of nodes harvested with each technique. Resource expenditure analysis revealed significantly increased operative and procedural time requirements for laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection compared to modified open and minilaparotomy procedures. Total hospital stay was significantly longer for the modified open pelvic lymph node dissection (mean plus or minus standard deviation 6.5 +/- 0.9 days) compared to the laparoscopic (mean 2.7 +/- 1.1 days) and minilaparotomy (mean 3.3 +/- 0.2 days) groups. Multiple complications, such as ileus, lymphocele and urinary retention, were observed in the modified open pelvic lymph node dissection group. No complications were noted in the other 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of laparoscopic and minilaparotomy procedures to modified open pelvic lymph node dissection revealed similar staging efficacy, and decreased total hospital stay and complications. Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection required increased operative time. Minilaparotomy should become the open surgical procedure of choice for pelvic lymph node dissection, particularly at institutions where the laparoscopy learning curve, equipment expense and time disadvantages cannot be overcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Herrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodorescu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010388:Pelvis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*