Proof in observational medicine.
Vineis
P
P
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Main Hospital, Torino, Italy.
D015984:Causality; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019370:Observation; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects