title: Comparison of miniature multileaf collimation (MMLC) with circular collimation for stereotactic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prototype Miniature Multi-Leaf Collimator (MMLC) designed specifically for radiosurgery and small field radiotherapy has been fabricated and evaluated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC). This work demonstrates the advantages of a computer-controlled MMLC vs. conventional circular collimation for the treatment of an irregularly shaped target volume in the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patient treatments were selected for this comparison from 38 intracranial tumors treated with radiosurgery at UTMDACC from 8/6/91 to 5/10/94. Target contours and critical structures defined for one of the patients was used to create a simulated target volume and critical structures in a spherical head phantom. Computer simulations were performed using traditional single isocenter treatment with a circular collimator for a set of six arcs. The same arc paths were used to compute the dose distribution for the MMLC and conformed beam geometries were defined using a three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning system with beam's eye view capabilities. Then, the calculated dose distribution for a single isocenter, conformal treatment was delivered to the spherical head phantom under static conditions by shaping the MMLC to conform the target volume shape projected as a function of couch rotation and gantry angle. Planar dose distributions through the target volume were measured using therapy verification film located in the phantom. The measurements were used to verify that the 3D treatment planning system was capable of simulating the MMLC technique. For the second patient with a peanut-shaped tumor, the 3D treatment planning calculations were used to compare dose distributions for the MMLC and for traditional single and multiple isocenter treatments using circular collimators. The resulting integral dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for the target volume, normal brain, and critical structures for the three treatment techniques were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (a) Analysis of the film dosimetry data exemplified the degree of conformation of the high-dose region to the target shape that is possible with a computer-controlled MMLC. (b) Comparison of measured and calculated dose distributions indicates that the 3D treatment planning system can simulate the MMLC treatment. (c) Comparison of DVHs from the single isocenter MMLC and circular collimator treatments shows similar coverage of the target volume with increased dose to the brain for circular collimation (4). Comparison of DVHs from the single isocenter MMLC with the multiple isocenter circular collimator treatment approach shows a more inhomogeneous dose distribution through the target volume and increased dose to the brain for the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dosimetry data for single isocenter treatments using computer-controlled field shaping with a MMLC demonstrate the ability to conform the dose distribution to an irregularly shaped target volume. DVHs validated that the single isocenter MMLC treatment is preferable to both single and multiple isocenter, circular collimator treatment because it provides a more uniform dose distribution to an irregularly shaped target volume and reduces the dose to surrounding brain tissue for the example cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kooy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ewton
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Antes
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Maor
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000601:surgery*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000601:surgery*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*