title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein induces death by apoptosis in primary human neuron cultures.
abstract: Neuronal loss in HIV encephalopathy remains a mystery since HIV-1 productively infects macrophage and microglia and only rarely infects neurons in the central nervous system. Apoptosis is a mechanism which may account for the loss of neurons in HIV-1 infected brain. Putative toxic factors that result in neuronal cell death in HIV-1 infection include the regulatory protein Tat, since this protein is known to be released from HIV-1 infected cells. Here we show that Tat induces cell death by apoptosis in cultured human fetal neurons producing characteristic morphological and biochemical features associated with apoptosis. These findings suggest that Tat may play an important role as a secreted, soluble neurotoxin in HIV-1 associated dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gelbard
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins