title: Tubeless percutaneous renal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We challenge the requirement for routine placement of a nephrostomy tube following percutaneous renal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients underwent tubeless percutaneous renal procedures consisting of nephrolithotripsy, endopyelotomy, and stone extraction plus endopyelotomy performed during the same setting. In the initial 30 patients a Double-J* stent and a Councill nephrostomy tube were placed at the end of the procedure. The Councill catheter was removed 2 to 3 hours postoperatively. The subsequent 20 patients received only a Double-J stent with no Councill catheter. This study group was compared to a control group of 50 age, sex and procedure matched patients who had previously undergone standard percutaneous renal procedures with routine placement of postoperative nephrostomy tubes. The incidence of complications, analgesia requirements, length of hospitalization, interval to return to normal activities and cost of treatment were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 50 tubeless percutaneous procedures were performed successfully without significant complications. In the initial 15 patients postoperative renal ultrasound demonstrated no urinoma. Hospitalization was 0.6 days for the study group and 4.6 days for the controls (p = 0.0001). Average parenteral or intramuscular analgesia requirements were 11.58 and 36.06 mg. morphine sulfate, respectively (p = 0.0001), with patients requiring oral analgesia for 5.9 and 11.7 days, respectively (p = 0.0001). Patients in the study group returned to normal activities within 17.85 days versus 26.6 days for the controls (p = 0.0004). The costs of the procedures were $1,638 and $3,750 (129% greater), respectively, for a cost saving of $2,112 per case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tubeless percutaneous renal surgery is a safe procedure and offers numerous advantages over routine placement of a nephrostomy tube. The hospitalization, analgesia requirements, return to normal activities as well as cost are significantly less with this new technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bellman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davidoff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Candela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerspach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stout
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D015607:Stents; D014546:Urinary Catheterization