Intracaval extension of germ cell carcinoma: diagnosis via endovascular biopsy and a review of the literature.
We report a case of testicular carcinoma invading the inferior vena cava. Tumor invasion was diagnosed via endovascular biopsy. This is the first known report of a diagnosis of this entity using endovascular biopsy. We also review the literature on diagnosis and management of inferior vena caval involvement by testicular cancer.
Fidias
P
P
Hematology-Oncology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
Fan
C M
CM
McGovern
F J
FJ
Wright
C D
CD
Kaufman
J
J
Grossbard
M L
ML
D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior