title: Benzo[a]pyrene up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in oral epithelial cells.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase may be important in the pathogenesis of smoking-related cancer because it activates carcinogens and catalyzes prostaglandin biosynthesis. We determined the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in tobacco smoke, on cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) mRNA, protein and synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in normal and transformed oral epithelial cells. Treatment with B[a]P caused a dose-dependent increase in production of PGE2, with a maximal increase of approximately 100%. Enhanced synthesis of PGE2 was associated with increased amounts of Cox-2 protein. B[a]P also caused a two-fold increase in Cox-2 mRNA in both normal and transformed cells. Transient transfections with a Cox-2 promoter construct showed that B[a]P-mediated induction of Cox-2 mRNA reflected increased transcription. Levels of Cox-1 were unaffected by B[a]P. B[e]P did not affect the synthesis of PGE2 or amounts of Cox-2. These data are important because B[a]P-mediated induction of Cox-2 may predispose to carcinogenesis by enhancing the production of mutagens and the synthesis of prostaglandins.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mestre
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subbaramaiah
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramonetti
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dannenberg
mesh_terms: D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone