title: In vivo hyperexpression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in mice: stimulation by cyclosporine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have demonstrated that cyclosporine (CsA) stimulates transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 expression in vitro and that growth of mammalian cells can be arrested by CsA via a TGF-beta1-dependent mechanism. Herein, we have explored whether CsA stimulates TGF-beta1 hyperexpression in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of B6AF1 mice were studied: group 1, control; group 2, CsA pretreatment; group 3, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody pretreatment; and group 4, CsA plus anti-CD3 pretreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CsA pretreatment augmented TGF-beta1 protein expression and increased intrarenal display of TGF-beta1 mRNA. This heightened TGF-beta1 expression was associated with an impaired T cell proliferative response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations, together, advance the hypothesis that CsA might function in vivo as an immunosuppressant not only by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin 2), but also by stimulating the expression of TGF-beta1, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine. Moreover, prevention of TGF-beta1 hyperexpression might prevent CsA-associated renal fibrosis, as TGF-beta1 is a fibrogenic cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suthanthiran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017252:CD3 Complex; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016572:Cyclosporine