title: Hyperresponsive febrile reactions to interleukin (IL) 1alpha and IL-1beta, and altered brain cytokine mRNA and serum cytokine levels, in IL-1beta-deficient mice.
abstract: IL-1beta is an endogenous pyrogen that is induced during systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or IL-1-induced fever. We have examined the fever and cytokine responses following i.p. injection of IL-1 agonists, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, and compared these with response to LPS (i.p.) in wild-type and IL-1beta-deficient mice. The IL-1beta deficient mice appear to have elevated body temperature but exhibit a normal circadian temperature cycle. Exogenously injected IL-1beta, IL-1alpha, or LPS induced hyperresponsive fevers in the IL-1beta-deficient mice. We also observed phenotypic differences between wild-type and IL-1beta-deficient mice in hypothalamic basal mRNA levels for IL-1alpha and IL-6, but not for IL-1beta-converting enzyme or IL-1 receptor type I or type II. The IL-1alpha mRNA levels were down-regulated, whereas the IL-6 mRNA levels were up-regulated in the hypothalamus of IL-1beta-deficient mice as compared with wild-type mice. The IL-1beta-deficient mice also responded to LPS challenge with significantly higher serum corticosterone and with lower serum tumor necrosis factor type alpha levels than the wild-type mice. The data suggest that, in the redundant cascade of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta plays an important but not obligatory role in fever induction by LPS or IL-1alpha, as well as in the induction of serum tumor necrosis factor type alpha and corticosterone responses either by LPS or by IL-1alpha or IL-1beta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alheim
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fantuzzi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasanvan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malinowsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Santo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bartfai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005334:Fever / Q000276:immunology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003345:Corticosterone