title: Levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCB and DDE congeners in pooled food samples collected in 1995 at supermarkets across the United States.
abstract: Food, particularly dairy products, meat, and fish, has been identified as the primary immediate source of intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for the general population. We previously reported PCDD/Fs in individual analyses of food samples from a number of countries, including the U.S., the former Soviet Union, and Vietnam. We also previously estimated daily intake of dioxins and related chemicals in Americans at various ages in these reports. In this paper, the levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs), selected dioxin-like PCBs, and DDE (a persistent metabolite of DDT) were measured in 12 pooled food samples from over 90 individual specimens collected from supermarkets throughout the United States during 1995. Samples were pooled by food groups and then analyzed. Food samples were collected in Binghamton, New York; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; San Diego, California; and Louisville, Kentucky. In addition to the meat, dairy, and fish samples, a vegan (all vegetable, fruit and grain, no animal product) diet, was simulated; this showed the lowest level of dioxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York, Health Science Center-Syracuse, Binghamton 13903, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schecter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boggess
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination; D005523:Food Supply; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls