title: The relationship of gender balance at work, family responsibilities and workplace characteristics to drinking among male and female attorneys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of gender balance at work, family and home responsibilities and workplace factors to the drinking behaviors of attorneys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a stratified random sampling procedure, attorneys were selected from the bar associations of two large Midwestern cities. Telephone interviews were completed with 300 men and 257 women (37.3% of those originally selected), who were asked about characteristics of their work, the numbers of female attorneys they had contact with in four types of working relationships, overall and work-related drinking, and family and home responsibilities. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses were used to study the influence of these variables on drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender balance variables entered several of the analyses. For both men and women the frequency of work-related drinking positively correlated with the number of female attorneys in the organization, but was negatively related to the number of women who were peers. Family and home responsibilities entered predictive equations, both positively and negatively, for both men and women. Size of firm was positively correlated with frequency of business-related drinking and, for men, with frequency of social drinking related to work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of the gender composition of the workplace on drinking behaviors may vary, for both men and women, by the type of contact involved, with closer or more active involvement with female colleagues associated with decreased frequency of drinking. Work-related drinking may also be related to home and family demands and the size of the firm, again for both genders.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Wichita State University, Kansas 67260-0034, USA.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Shore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007603:Jurisprudence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012941:Social Responsibility; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace