title: Serum transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A major problem of renal cell carcinoma is the prediction of metastases via tumor prognostic markers. Therefore, much effort has been committed to the development of new prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The level of transforming growth factor-beta1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples collected from patients with renal cell carcinoma before radical nephrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In serum samples from 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 21 healthy controls mean transforming growth factor-beta1 levels were 177 +/- 54.1 versus 65.6 +/- 15.8 ng./ml., respectively. This difference was statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 are common in serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Institut of Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knöfel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlichter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta