title: Transfer of genes to chondrocytic cells of the lumbar spine. Proposal for a treatment strategy of spinal disorders by local gene therapy.
abstract: METHODS
  In the current study, chondrocytic cells from bovine intervertebral end plates were cultivated in vitro and modified genetically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors intended to perform isolation and cultivation of cells from bovine end plates of the spine. They also intended to show, in principle, the feasibility of introducing exogenous genes into chondrocytic cells from bovine intervertebral end plates by way of retroviral vectors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The involvement of cytokines in the destruction of articular cartilage is established. It appears possible that similar mechanisms may play a role in intervertebral disc degeneration and other spinal disorders. Conventional medication and surgery of intervertebral disc degeneration addresses neither the pathophysiology nor the chronicity of the disease. Therapeutic proteins carry great potential as locally produced drugs after transfer of their cognate genes to the sites of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vertebral end plate tissue was obtained from bovine os coccygis. Chondrocytic cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. The bacterial beta-galactosidase (LacZ) gene and, alternatively, the complementary DNA (DNA copy of the mRNA) of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were introduced into the isolated cells by retrovirus mediated gene transfer. beta-galactosidase activity was determined by staining, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolation and cultivation of chondrocytic end plate cells is possible. Native cells continue to grow in culture for more than 2 months. Transfer of the beta-galactosidase gene to cultured cells resulted in approximately 1% beta-galactosidase positive cells. Transfer of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist complementary DNA resulted in the production of 24 ng/ml/10(6) cells interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein in 48 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of exogenous therapeutic genes into cells from the intervertebral end plate opens the possibility for a local gene-based treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. This approach avoids some of the shortcomings of conventional drug- and surgery-based treatments and has the potential to be specific, effective, and appropriate to the chronicity of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Praxis und Klinik für Orthopädie und Neurochirurgie, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wehling
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Schulitz
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reinecke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology*; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000166:cytology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000628:therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000166:cytology*; D008979:Moloney murine leukemia virus; D010957:Plasmids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase