title: Expandable stents: unusual locations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expandable metallic prostheses have been used widely for malignant biliary stenoses and are being used increasingly for malignant dysphagia and esophago-airway fistulas. Potentially, such prostheses can be placed for gut neoplasms obstructing beyond the esophagus or gastric cardia. This series reports our experience with expandable metallic stents in the stomach, jejunum, and colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with expandable gastrointestinal stents (other than biliary tree or esophagus) were reviewed. Indications for stent placement, type and location of prosthesis, patient demographics, procedural problems, and data with regard to outcome were defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 6-yr period, expandable prostheses (Z stent, Esophacoil, and Ultraflex) were placed in nine patients with widespread malignancy (afferent loop obstruction, three; colon obstruction, three; gastric outlet obstruction, two; and esophagojejunal interposition stricture, one). There was one colon perforation as a consequence of dilation prior to placement of the prosthesis. Subsequent problems included migration (one), occlusion by food bolus (one), and tumor overgrowths/ingrowths (three) which were treated with laser. Median survival approximated 9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expandable metallic prostheses have the potential to palliate malignant gastrointestinal stenoses that have traditionally been treated with surgical bypass or comfort care measures only.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98111, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kozarek
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brandabur
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Raltz
mesh_terms: D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007580:Jejunal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome