title: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal primary cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the validity of prenatal diagnosis work-up for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) in women with primary infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three pregnant women with primary cytomegalovirus disease (including two with twin pregnancies), referred to three tertiary perinatal centers over 4 years, underwent evaluation for congenital cytomegalovirus. Fetal diagnosis was made after 21 weeks' gestation by amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling (40 subjects), or amniocentesis only (23 subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two (35%) pregnancies showed evidence of vertical transmission: 13 of them underwent funipuncture, but only ten (77%) of the 13 showed positive immunoglobulin (Ig)-M results in fetal blood. No cases of positive fetal serum Ig-M with negative amniotic fluid culture or polymerase chain reaction were observed. In nine (41%) of the 22 pregnancies with evidence of vertical transmission, abnormal ultrasonographic findings were recorded. Six (27%) women with evidence of vertical transmission continued their pregnancies and in only one (with prenatal ultrasonographic abnormalities) was an infant born with neurologic sequelae. In 41 (65%) pregnancies, no evidence of vertical transmission was found, and 37 continued to term. Only one newborn from this subgroup subsequently showed mild motor disability during a median of 23 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among pregnant patients with primary CMV infection, analysis of amniotic fluid detected all of the infected fetuses. Thus, this is a reliable tool for counseling pregnant women with primary infection. This may guide the patient as to whether or not pregnancy can be continued with a high level of confidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lipitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shalev
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Achiron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashiach
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiff
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000635:transmission; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal