title: Breast health and associated premenstrual symptoms in women with severe cyclic mastopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A case-control study was undertaken to examine the association of cyclic mastopathy with premenstrual syndrome and prior breast health.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 women with severe cyclic mastopathy (cases) and 29 women with no significant breast symptoms (controls) prospectively recorded breast pain and swelling and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome during one menstrual cycle. They also provided information on past breast health. The two study groups were compared by use of standard statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with cyclic mastopathy reported more frequent consultations with physicians for specific breast lumpiness (p = 0.02) or generalized lumpiness (p = 0.004) and for all breast problems (p = 0.0001) and more frequent mammograms (p = 0.04), surgical breast biopsies (p = 0.06), and breast needle aspirations (p = 0.05). Premenstrual symptoms were more severe in women with cyclic mastopathy; this was most pronounced for physical symptoms (water retention and breast symptoms, p < 0.001) but also present for negative affect, behavior change, and impaired concentration (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with cyclic mastopathy have a spectrum of breast concerns and they undergo more frequent breast investigations than do women without the disorder. Most symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are also more severe in women with cyclic mastopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Del Giudice
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D010146:Pain; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000150:complications*