title: Accumulation of leucocytes and cytokines in the lactating ovine udder during mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
abstract: The accumulation of leucocytes in milk and in teat cistern tissues, and the presence of the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in milk was studied during inflammation in the lactating ovine udder induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Milk and/or teat tissue samples were taken before and four, eight and 24 hours after inoculation. Both S aureus and E coli induced a significant accumulation of leucocytes in milk, S aureus from eight hours with a peak after 24 hours, and E coli from four hours, with a peak after eight hours. After the inoculation of S aureus the numbers of subepithelial neutrophils in the teat cistern tissues were increased after four hours and had increased further by eight hours. After the inoculation of E coli, tissue neutrophil numbers peaked at four hours and were still high at eight hours. Large numbers of S aureus were recovered from milk throughout the experiments whereas the recovery of E coli diminished over time. TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta were detected in milk during the inflammation, and low levels of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma were also observed occasionally. Of the cytokines measured, TNF-alpha and IL-8 reached the highest concentrations, accumulating in a similar pattern to the leucocytes for both infections. IL-1 beta was detected mainly during S aureus-induced inflammation, indicating differences in the inflammatory responses elicited by the organisms.
authors.affiliation: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Upsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Persson-Waller
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Seow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008413:Mastitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor