[A study of waste anesthetic gases monitoring and working environmental controls in hospital operating rooms].
There are hazardous factors threatening health care workers, and many hazardous chemical substances have been reported in operating rooms, central supply facilities, laboratories and so on. In Japan, little attention has been paid to exposure to these chemicals and to working environmental controls. Waste anesthetic gases are chemicals concerned, and we conducted environmental monitoring continuously and measured exposure to nitrous oxide, isoflurane and sevoflurane in operating rooms, and examined working environmental controls. The average environmental concentrations of nitrous oxide were about 400 ppm in anesthetists' working areas, and about 180 ppm in surgeons' and instrument nurses' working areas under unscavenged conditions. Under scavenged conditions, environmental concentrations were 70-190 ppm in anesthetists' zones, and 70-90 ppm in surgeons' and instrument nurses' zones. Even under scavenged conditions, operating room personnel are presumed to be exposed to high concentrations of nitrous oxide above ACGIH's TLV and NIOSH's REL. The level of exposure of isoflurane and sevoflurane was 2-4 ppm. Managing general ventilation system and airflow direction, working area under scavenged system, environmental concentration levels of nitrous oxide could be reduced to 20-30 ppm. In order to control occupational exposure to anesthetic gases, it is not sufficient to merely adapt scavenging systems in operating rooms. Working environmental control and occupational hygiene management should be required.
Koda
S
S
Department of Public Health, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
Kumagaj
S
S
Toyoto
M
M
Yasuda
N
N
Ohara
H
H
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004987:Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D015920:Gas Scavengers; D006281:Health Occupations; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000032:analysis*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009873:Operating Rooms; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014691:Ventilation
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide