title: Extended operation for non-small cell lung cancer invading great vessels and left atrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the results of surgical treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer invading the great vessels (GV) and left atrium (LA) by direct extension and without distant metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1976 to 1993, 42 patients (37/male, 5/female) with lung cancer invading the GV and LA were treated surgically, 13 had invasion of the superior vena cava and innominate vein, 15 of the aorta and subclavian artery, and 14 of the left atrium. In all 42 the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination. Surgical resection included pneumonectomy (16 patients) and lobectomy (26 patients). The histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma in 27 patients, adenocarcinoma in 12, and large cell carcinoma in 3. Preoperatively, 13 patients were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Postoperatively, further treatment was given to 22 patients. All were staged according to the international TNM staging system. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meler method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 15 patients underwent complete resection. Reliability of clinical N factor was 80%. The overall survival was 17% at 3 years (median survival time (MST), 14 months). The operative mortality was 2.4%. Patients with lung cancer invading GV (MST, 19 months) had significantly longer survival than did those with cancer invading LA (MST, 10 months, P = 0.036). There were significant prognostic differences between N0-1 and N2-3 (MST, 22 months; MST, 9 months, respectively, P = 0.0013). Cox regression analysis identified pathological N factor, completeness of resection, and pre- and postoperative radiotherapy as important in affecting survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that patients with pathological N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer invading great vessels can achieve long-term survival with adequate surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuse
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hitomi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery