title: Epigenetic changes at the insulin-like growth factor II/H19 locus in developing kidney is an early event in Wilms tumorigenesis.
abstract: Relaxation of imprinting at the insulin-like growth factor II (IFG-II)/H19 locus is a major mechanism involved in the onset of sporadic Wilms tumor and several other embryonal tumors. The high prevalence of histologically abnormal foci in kidney adjacent to Wilms tumors suggests that tumor-predisposing genetic/epigenetic lesion might also be found at high frequency in Wilms tumor-bearing kidneys. Focusing on Wilms tumors with relaxation of IFG-II imprinting, we determined the frequency of epigenetic change at the IFG-II/H19 locus in adjacent kidney. In all kidneys adjacent to these Wilms tumors, we detected substantial mosaicism for a population of cells with relaxation of IFG-II imprinting and biallelic H19 methylation, regardless of whether the patient had a tumor-predisposing syndrome or not. The high proportion of epigenetically modified cells among "normal" tissue indicates that the epigenetic error occurred very early in development, before the onset of Wilms tumor. Not only does this suggest that the major Wilms tumor-predisposing event occurs within the first few days of development, but it also suggests that sporadic Wilms tumor may represent one end of a spectrum of overgrowth disorders characterized by mosaic epigenetic change at the IFG-II/H19 locus.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Morison
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Reeve
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015342:DNA Probes; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009030:Mosaicism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D004247:DNA