title: A novel human homologue of the Drosophila frizzled wnt receptor gene binds wingless protein and is in the Williams syndrome deletion at 7q11.23.
abstract: Williams syndrome (WS) is a developmental disorder with a characteristic personality and cognitive profile that is associated, in most cases, with a 2 Mb deletion of part of chromosome band 7q11.23. By applying CpG island cloning methods to cosmids from the deletion region, we have identified a new gene, called FZD3. Dosage blotting of DNA from 11 WS probands confirmed that it is located within the commonly deleted region. Sequence comparisons revealed that FZD3, encoding a 591 amino acid protein, is a novel member of a seven transmembrane domain receptor family that are mammalian homologs of the Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled. FZD3 is expressed predominantly in brain, testis, eye, skeletal muscle and kidney. Recently, frizzled has been identified as the receptor for the wingless (wg) protein in Drosophila. We show that Drosophila as well as human cells, when transfected with FZD3 expression constructs, bind Wg protein. In mouse, the wg homologous Wnt1 gene is involved in early development of a large domain of the central nervous system encompassing much of the midbrain and rostral metencephalon. The potential function of FZD3 in transmitting a Wnt protein signal in the human brain and other tissues suggests that heterozygous deletion of the FZD3 gene could contribute to the WS phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Samos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peoples
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jurado
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nusse
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Francke
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018899:CpG Islands; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010375:Pedigree; D010802:Phylogeny; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D051155:Wnt1 Protein
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C105574:FZD3 protein, human; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; C486339:Fzd3 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C058784:fz protein, Drosophila; C074622:wg protein, Drosophila