title: Transplantation of adult and paediatric horseshoe kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of horseshoe kidneys is between 1 in 300 and 1 in 1600. Horseshoe kidneys may be either transplanted into two recipients after division of the kidney, or used for en bloc transplantation into one recipient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two cases of adult-to-child and child-to-adult transplantation of horseshoe kidneys. Embryology and associated abnormalities are outlined, and previous case reports reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One transplant was successful and one transplant failed due to an unrecognized C peptide deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Horseshoe kidneys are acceptable as donor organs in renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Millar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D014019:Tissue Donors