title: Comparison of conventional anterior surgery and laparoscopic surgery for inguinal-hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inguinal hernias can be repaired by laparoscopic techniques, which have had better results than open surgery in several small studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized, multicenter trial in which 487 patients with inguinal hernias were treated by extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair and 507 patients were treated by conventional anterior repair. We recorded information about postoperative recovery and complications and examined the patients for recurrences one and six weeks, six months, and one and two years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients in the open-surgery group but none in the laparoscopic-surgery group had wound abscesses (P=0.03), and the patients in the laparoscopic-surgery group had a more rapid recovery (median time to the resumption of normal daily activity, 6 vs. 10 days; time to the return to work, 14 vs. 21 days; and time to the resumption of athletic activities, 24 vs. 36 days; P<0.001 for all comparisons). With a median follow-up of 607 days, 31 patients (6 percent) in the open-surgery group had recurrences, as compared with 17 patients (3 percent) in the laparoscopic-surgery group (P=0.05). All but three of the recurrences in the latter group were within one year after surgery and were caused by surgeon-related errors. In the open-surgery group, 15 patients had recurrences during the first year, and 16 during the second year. Follow-up was complete for 97 percent of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with inguinal hernias who undergo laparoscopic repair recover more rapidly and have fewer recurrences than those who undergo open surgical repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Steensel
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Boelhouwer
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Clevers
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vente
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Weidema
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schrijvers
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: van Vroonhoven
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome