title: Ecological analysis of collectivity of alcohol consumption in England: importance of average drinker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the average consumption of alcohol is associated with the prevalence of heavy drinking, problem drinking, and abstention in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological analysis using data from a cross sectional household based survey of English adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random sample of 32,333 adults from the English population who participated in the 1993 and 1994 health surveys for England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Association, expressed as the correlation coefficient, between the regional mean and median alcohol consumption and the regional prevalence of heavy drinking, problem drinking, and abstention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean consumption of alcohol in light to moderate drinkers was strongly positively associated with the prevalence of heavy drinking (r = 0.75 in men and r = 0.62 in women for drinking more than 21 and 14 units per week respectively). A similar association was found between median consumption and prevalence of heavy drinking. Abstention was not significantly associated with mean consumption in drinkers (r = 0.08 for men and r = -0.29 for women). Both the median and mean consumption in drinkers were positively associated with the prevalence of problem drinking as defined by the CAGE questionnaire on alcohol use (r = 0.53 for men and r = 0.42 for women for the association with mean consumption).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors that increase the average consumption of alcohol in the population may result in an increase in the prevalence of heavy drinking and related problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London. helen@public-health.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Colhoun
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bost
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marmot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013695:Temperance