title: Conservation of the Drosophila lateral inhibition pathway in human lung cancer: a hairy-related protein (HES-1) directly represses achaete-scute homolog-1 expression.
abstract: The achaete-scute genes encode essential transcription factors in normal Drosophila and vertebrate nervous system development. Human achaete-scute homolog-1 (hASH1) is constitutively expressed in a human lung cancer with neuroendocrine (NE) features, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and is essential for development of the normal pulmonary NE cells that most resemble this neoplasm. Mechanisms regulating achaete-scute homolog expression outside of Drosophila are presently unclear, either in the context of the developing nervous system or in normal or neoplastic cells with NE features. We now provide evidence that the protein hairy-enhancer-of-split-1 (HES-1) acts in a similar manner as its Drosophila homolog, hairy, to transcriptionally repress achaete-scute expression. HES-1 protein is detected at abundant levels in most non-NE human lung cancer cell lines which lack hASH1 but is virtually absent in hASH1-expressing lung cancer cells. Moreover, induction of HES-1 in a SCLC cell line down-regulates endogenous hASH1 gene expression. The repressive effect of HES-1 is directly mediated by binding of the protein to a class C site in the hASH1 promoter. Thus, a key part of the process that determines neural fate in Drosophila is conserved in human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, modulation of this pathway may underlie the constitutive hASH1 expression seen in NE tumors such as SCLC, the most virulent human lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 424 North Bond Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiagalingam
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Nelkin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baylin
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ball
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014714:Vertebrates; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C065500:ASCL1 protein, human; C078493:HES1 protein, human