title: Buerger's disease in Hong Kong: a review of 89 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A retrospective analysis of 103 case records from 1978 to 1996 with a provisional diagnosis of Buerger's disease was undertaken at the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital. The aim of the study was to elucidate the clinical course and evaluate the results of surgical intervention of Buerger's disease in Hong Kong Chinese people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients were subsequently excluded from the study because of inability of fulfil our diagnostic criteria. Data on clinical presentation, investigations, indications and results of surgical intervention were reviewed. Sympathectomies and arterial reconstructions were performed on 42 and four patients, respectively, for critical ischaemia or rest pain. Outcome was analysed with respect to the rate of ulcer healing, pattern of recurrence and limb loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were all young male heavy smokers with a mean age of 36.5 years. The majority of patients (80%) presented with ischaemic ulceration or gangrene. Vascular reconstruction was undertaken in four patients and satisfactory long-term results were obtained in three patients. Sympathectomy was able to relieve symptoms in 87% of operated patients and ischaemic ulceration healed in 2.6 (mean) +/- 1.7 (SD) months after the operation. If the patient continued to smoke, surgical intervention did not exempt the patient from a relapse or amputation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sympathectomy provides short-term pain relief and promotes ulcer healing in patients with Buerger's disease but carries no long-term benefit. Complete abstinence from smoking is the only means of arresting the progression of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013562:Sympathectomy; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014654:Vascular Patency