title: The ice-water test in the diagnosis and treatment of the neurogenic bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the usefulness of the ice-water test (IWT) in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological bladder disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IWT was carried out in 148 patients with neuropathic bladder dysfunction resulting from a traumatic lesion, to assist in their diagnosis and treatment, and in 130 patients with neuropathic bladder dysfunction and multiple pathogenic disorders; the results of the IWT were used to classify those patients with hyperactive bladders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IWT was positive in 95% of patients affected by complete and in 86% of patients with incomplete medullary lesions. The IWT in patients with lower motor neuron medullary lesions was always negative. The test was used diagnostically in all patients with lower and in 43% of those with upper motor neuron lesions. In the latter, it was used in 48% of patients as a rehabilitation method during the medullary-shock phase to accelerate the appearance of the micturition reflex. In 9% of patients it was used to induce micturition during cystography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because it is simple to perform, the IWT is a useful complement to urodynamic examinations in patients with neurological bladder disease and in patients with micturitional disorders that are otherwise difficult to interpret.
authors.affiliation: Urosurgical Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart A. Gemelli, General Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronzoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menchinelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Giovanni
mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007053:Ice; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011312:Pressure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014546:Urinary Catheterization
chemical_list: D007053:Ice