title: Vessel counts and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as prognostic factors in node-negative colon cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of these prognostic factors was compared with that of other clinicopathologic factors such as tumor grade, tumor stage, mucin production, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the development of distant recurrence in patients with node-negative colon cancer could be predicted using vessel count and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded colon cancers were immunostained for factor VIII, VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen; slides were reviewed for differentiation, mucin production, and the presence of vascular, lymphatic, and/or perineural invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large academic cancer referral center where 27 patients with node-negative colon cancer were operated on during 1988 and 1989.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development of and interval to recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients developed liver, lung, or lymph node metastases at a median of 24 months. The median follow-up for patients without cancer recurrence was 60 months. The mean tumor vessel count for those patients who remained disease-free was significantly fewer than for those patients who suffered a recurrence (20 vs 33, respectively). By univariate analysis, 3 factors- perineural invasion, vessel count, and VEGF expression- were correlated with time to recurrence. By multivariate analysis, only vessel count was significantly related to differences in time to recurrence. Expression of VEGF correlated with vessel count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vessel count and expression of VEGF may be useful for predicting distant recurrence in patients with node-negative colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitadai
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Koura
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001808:Blood Vessels; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors