title: Repeated injection sclerotherapy is preferable to combined therapy with variceal ligation to avoid recurrence of esophageal varices:--a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective randomized study is to investigate the safety, efficacy, complications and recurrence of varices after repeated endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS), and combined therapy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and repeated EIS, for the treatment of esophageal varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one consecutively treated cirrhotic patients were examined. Thirty patients were placed randomly in the EIS group and the other 31 in the EVL+EIS group. For the EIS group, EIS was repeated at weekly intervals using 5% ethanol- amine oleate (EO) until all the varices had been eradicated. In the EVL+EIS group, EVL was done at the initial session, then EIS was repeated at weekly intervals from one week after EVL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the EIS and EVL+EIS groups with regard to the rate of eradication (80.0% vs 74.2%), the total number of treatment (4.1 +/- 0.8 sessions of EIS vs EVL and 3.0 +/- 0.5 sessions of EIS) and hospitalization time (4.9 +/- 1.6 vs 4.4 +/- 1.0 weeks). The total volume of EO used for the EVL+EIS group was significantly less than that for the EIS group (26.3 +/- 8.3 vs 47.1 +/- 11.6 ml, p < 0.01) and the incidence of minor complications at the initial treatment in the EVL+EIS group was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that in the EIS group. Follow-up endoscopy showed that the rate of attaining circumferential ulceration and the following fibrotic scarring in the EVL+EIS group was significantly lower than that in the EIS group (21.7% vs 91.7%, p < 0.01) and that the incidence of variceal recurrence was significantly higher in the EVL+EIS group than in the EIS group (39.1% vs 8.3%, p < 0.05) over a median follow-up of 12.3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined therapy of EVL and repeated EIS seems favorable from the viewpoint of fewer complications, but repeated EIS is preferable to combined therapy to avoid recurrence of the esophageal varices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007902:Length of Stay; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012449:Safety; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014456:Ulcer / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; C033343:ethanolamine oleate