title: Spontaneous closure of selected iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our approach to the management of postcatheterization femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae in an attempt to determine the frequency of spontaneous resolution of selected lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 196 pseudoaneurysms, 81 arteriovenous fistulae, and 9 combined lesions that were identified by duplex scan. Indications for immediate surgical repair included pseudoaneurysm greater than 3 cm, enlarging hematoma, pain, groin infection, nerve compression, limb ischemia, concomitant surgical procedure, and patient refusal or inability to comply with follow-up. All other lesions were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-nine patients underwent prompt surgical repair, and 147 patients were initially managed without operation. There were no limb-threatening complications associated with nonoperative management in this subset of patients. Eighty-six percent of the lesions being observed resolved spontaneously within a mean of 23 days, whereas 14% required surgical closure for a variety of reasons (at a mean of 111 days after the initial diagnosis). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of spontaneous pseudoaneurysm closure (89%) as opposed to fistulae (81%) (p < 0.17). By life-table analysis, 90% of selected pseudoaneurysms had resolved by 2 months. Patients selected for observation underwent an average of 2.6 duplex scans per patient versus 1.4 scans per patient for those treated with immediate surgery (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The natural history of stable pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae is benign and frequently results in spontaneous resolution, which allows properly selected patients to be managed without operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toursarkissian
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrinec
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Flye
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sicard
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color