[Resistance to macrolides].
Resistance mechanisms to macrolide antibiotics involving lincosamide and streptogramin type B antibiotics were described in bacteria. Phenotype in the resistant microorganism is generally observed as one of two characteristics, i.e., decrease of intracellular macrolide-accumulation and inactivation of the drugs. The former phenotypic resistance results from one of three mechanisms: (1) mono- or di- methylation of a specific adenine residue in 23 S ribosomal RNA and (2) impaired uptake and (3) enhanced efflux of the antibiotics. The latter is caused by one of two mechanisms: (1) degradation of the drugs by a hydrolytic enzyme such as an esterase and (2) drug modification by one of enzymes such as nucleotidyl- and phospho- transferases.
Endou
K
K
Division of Microbiology, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy.
Nakajima
Y
Y
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D055231:Lincosamides; D018942:Macrolides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D055231:Lincosamides; D018942:Macrolides; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; D014769:Virginiamycin