title: Endothelin-1 and neutrophil activation during heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin-coated circuits attenuate the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. The present study compares two different heparin coatings in terms of the release of endothelin-1 and neutrophil glycoproteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty low-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated, having cardiopulmonary bypass with a Duraflo II heparin-coated circuit (n = 10), an identical but uncoated circuit (n = 10), a Carmeda BioActive Surface heparin-coated circuit (n = 10), or an identical but uncoated circuit (n = 10). A standard systemic heparin dosage was used in all patients. Endothelin-1 and the neutrophil glycoproteins lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase were quantified throughout the operation and 3 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enhanced plasma levels of endothelin-1, lactoferrin, and myeloperoxidase were observed during and after uncoated cardiopulmonary bypass, but this was not associated with clinical side effects. Compared with the respective uncoated controls, Duraflo II attenuated only the lactoferrin levels, whereas Carmeda BioActive Surface was associated with lower levels of both endothelin-1, lactoferrin, and myeloperoxidase. Of the two heparin coatings, Carmeda BioActive Surface proved more effective than Duraflo II in attenuating the levels of these substances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma levels of endothelin-1, lactoferrin, and myeloperoxidase increase during cardiopulmonary bypass in coronary artery bypass grafting, but this has no clinical side effects in low-risk patients. The increase is attenuated using heparin-coated extracorporeal circuits, and then more effectively by Carmeda BioActive Surface than by Duraflo II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lundblad
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fosse
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin; D009195:Peroxidase; D007781:Lactoferrin