title: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to myelomeningocele: neonatal versus childhood treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether the neonatal institution of treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in myelomeningocele patients at high risk for urinary tract deterioration improves renal and bladder outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of patients with bladder dysfunction believed to be at high risk for renal deterioration based on urodynamic studies. All patients were treated with clean intermittent catheterization. We compared rates of urinary infection, hydronephrosis, reflux, continence and surgical intervention in 46 patients in whom treatment was started in year 1 of life and 52 treated after age 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal outcome was similar in both groups with persistent hydronephrosis in 6 of 46 patients (13%) and 7 of 52 (14%), respectively. However, significantly fewer bladder augmentation procedures were required in patients started on treatment during year 1 of life (5 of 46, 11% versus 14 of 52, 27%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to any psychological benefit, early intervention with clean intermittent catheterization in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction may help to prevent irreversible bladder dysfunction and limit the need for bladder augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0738, USA.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kogan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control