title: The effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on bacterial translocation in the splenectomized rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We created a study group in order to investigate the effects of splenectomy and filgrastim. Filgrastim is an immunomodulator granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), that affects bacterial translocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created 3 study groups with 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats; the first group included sham splenectomy, the second group was splenectomy, and the third group was splenectomy+ filgrastim group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean bacterial colony count of the cecum were 2.5 x 10(9) in group 1, 1.2 x 10(10) in group 2 and 3.5 x 10(9) in group 3. The differences between these groups were accepted as statistically significant. The mean counts of the terminal ileum were 1.1 x 10(9) in group 1, 5.5 x 10(10) in group 2 and 2.5 x 10(10) in group 3. The p values of group 1-2 were 0.036 (statistically significant) and 0.123 in groups 2-3) were not statistically significant. The mean counts of the liver were 0.2 x 10(4), 1 x 10(10) and 3.4 x 10(5), respectively. In comparison of the groups the p values of the first and last 2 groups were found to be 0.047 (statistically significant). The mean counts of the mesenteric lymph node were 0.7 x 10(3), 1 x 10(10) and 0.9 x 10(6) respectively. The p values were 0.343 for the first and the last 2 groups both. As they were above 0.05, they were not statistically significant. The degrees of liver Kupffer cell hyperplasia were (+) 40%, (+2) 50% and (+3) 10% (group 1), (+) 10%, (+2) 40% and (+3) 50% (group 2), (+2) 60% and (+3) 40% (group 3) (p = 0.0039). The rates of the absence of pathology in mesenteric lymph nodes were 70% (group 1), 90% (group 2) and 100% (group 3) (p = 0.049). These findings were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that splenectomy has activated the whole predisposing factors of bacterial translocation and created the latter itself. In addition, we showed that filgrastim, a recently widespread used G-CSF, decreases bacterial translocation significantly.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paksoy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ipek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dogusoy
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D011514:Proteus vulgaris / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012307:Risk Factors; D013156:Splenectomy; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim