title: Differential diagnoses for nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: The symptom of nocturnal enuresis can be a feature of many conditions, including renal, neurological and organic disease states. It is important to differentiate primary nocturnal enuresis from secondary enuresis and from daytime incontinence with a nocturnal component. It is recommended that the routine investigation of enuretic children should comprise four components: structured interview, physical examination, urinalysis and ultrasound investigation. Additional intensified diagnostic and invasive procedures should be reserved for patients with suspected neurological disorders or urological dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Centre, University of Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lettgen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010808:Physical Examination; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016482:Urinalysis; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology