title: Coagulation activation markers in the prediction of venous thrombosis after elective hip surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite prophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after hip surgery continues to occur frequently. Thus it would be helpful if before surgery patients at higher risk of DVT could be identified and more adequate prophylaxis given. As part of an international study on the prevention of DVT after total hip replacement, we investigated whether preoperative levels of three coagulation activation markers, prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT) and D-dimer, correlate with results of postoperative venography.
  
  
  METHODS
  159 patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomized to receive 10, 15 or 20 mg desirudin bid or 5000 IU unfractionated heparin tid immediately before surgery and then for 11 days, until bilateral venography was performed. Preoperative F1 + 2, TAT and D-dimer plasma levels were measured using ELISA procedures. As no difference among anticoagulant treatments or in the interaction between treatments and DVT was detected for any of the three variables, results are reported as pooled data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of DVT was 18.8% in the low (0.75-1.33 nM) vs 65.7% in the high third of distribution (1.77-3.47 nM) of F1 + 2 (p < .001), 27.3% in the low (2.00-2.50 micrograms/l) vs 57% in the high third (5.10-61.00 micrograms/l) of TAT (p = .042), and 29.4% in the low (39-59 micrograms/l) vs 57.1% in the high third (129-651 micrograms/l) of D-dimer (p = .051).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative F1 + 2, TAT and D-dimer levels are associated with the risk of development of DVT after total hip replacement.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cofrancesco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortellaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corradi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ravasi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertocchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis*; D010690:Phlebography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D006493:Heparin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C060225:desirudin