title: Complications of laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Analysis and comparison of early vs. latter experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test if the techniques learned during our early learning experience have proved to be effective in reducing the complications specifically related to the laparoscopic technique of colorectal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 1991 until July 1996, 195 laparoscopic operations were performed on the colon and the rectum. These data were divided into "early" and "latter" groups. The conversion reasons and early and late postoperative complications were analyzed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of conversions required because of iatrogenic injuries showed a decline from 7.3 percent in the early group to 1.4 percent in the latter group. Sixty-six postoperative complications were observed in 59 (30.3 percent) patients. Complications specifically related to the technique of laparoscopic surgery occurred in nine (4.6 percent) patients. These were postoperative bleeding in three patients, port site hernias in five patients, and left ureteric stricture in one patient. Eight (6.5 percent) of these complications occurred in the early group, whereas one (1.4 percent) occurred in the latter group. Analyzing the conversions caused by intraoperative iatrogenic injuries and the specific postoperative complications together reveals that the incidence of 13.8 percent (17/123) in the early group has been reduced significantly to 2.8 percent (2/72) in the latter group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of our experience, we have identified techniques, which are discussed in detail, to make laparoscopic colorectal surgery safe. Strict adherence to these techniques has significantly reduced the incidence of complications, specifically those related to the laparoscopic technique.
authors.affiliation: Orlando Regional Medical Center, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Larach
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Patankar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Perozo
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lord
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*