title: Effects of spontaneous gastric hypoacidity on the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and didanosine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of spontaneous gastric hypoacidity on the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and didanosine in subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled, open-label, single-dose, pharmacokinetic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric pH studies were conducted in all 32 subjects, and 20 of these subjects (8 women, 12 men) were enrolled into the pharmacokinetic study. They were stratified into two groups according to fasting gastric pH: those without and with gastric hypoacidity (minimum gastric pH < 3 and > or = 3, respectively). Gastric pH was measured using the Heidelberg pH monitoring system in all subjects before and during pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine 100 mg or didanosine 200 mg (given as two 100-mg tablets dissolved in 6 oz water). Plasma samples were collected over 8 hours after dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six (20%) of 30 subjects had a minimum gastric pH of 3 or above on at least two occasions, and the remaining 2 had variable gastric pH. Although gastric pH was unchanged during the administration of zidovudine, it increased to greater than 9 in 11 of 12 subjects with didanosine, regardless of baseline value. For both drugs, there were no statistically significant differences in peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax), elimination rate constant (ke), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-infinity) between subjects with and without gastric hypoacidity despite sufficient statistical power to detect a 56% difference in clearance for either drug (alpha 0.05, beta 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric hypoacidity occurs in approximately 20% of HIV-infected patients and does not appear to influence zidovudine or didanosine pharmacokinetics.
authors.affiliation: Antiviral Clinical Pharmacology Unit Immunodeficiency Services, Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinwandel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeRemer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016049:Didanosine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D016049:Didanosine