title: The influence of medroxyprogesterone on the duration of breast-feeding in mothers in an urban community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on lactation when it is given immediately post partum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study with follow-up through 16 weeks post partum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban teaching hospital in Baltimore, Md.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample (N = 95) of mothers who were delivered of healthy, term newborns, had home telephones, received either medroxyprogesterone or nonhormonal contraception at discharge, and were currently breast-feeding their newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lactation (duration and frequency) and timing of first introduction of formula were measured by weekly telephone interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal characteristics included the mean +/- SD maternal age (24 +/- 5 years), race (90% African American), history of pregnancy (63% multiparous), marital status or relationship (50% married or living with partner), and medical assistance (81% of the recipients received aid). Women who were receiving medroxyprogesterone (n = 43) were older (P < .05) and were more likely to be married (P < .05) compared with those who were receiving nonhormonal contraception (n = 52). No other factors that were likely to influence lactation were significantly different. Groups did not differ in the baseline-planned duration of lactation. Follow-up data were obtained on 90 women (96%). The groups were comparable in the duration of lactation (medroxyprogesterone: 98%, 74%, 55%, 47%, and 42% were breast-feeding at least once per day at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively [median, 10.14 weeks], vs nonhormonal contraception: 86%, 70%, 47%, 36%, and 30%, respectively [median, 6.57 weeks] [P = .19]). The percentage of subjects who were exclusively breast-feeding at these times and the timing of formula introduction also did not differ by group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medroxyprogesterone, when given to mothers in an urban community immediately after delivery, has no detrimental effect on the duration of lactation, frequency of lactation, and timing of introduction of formula within the first 16 weeks post partum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Serwint
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Vogelhut
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Witter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015142:Baltimore; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate