title: Serum and urine soluble HLA class I antigen concentrations are increased in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to evaluate the association between the Hantaan virus-induced cellular-immune response and clinical severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We serially measured the serum (n = 16) and urine (n = 6) concentrations of soluble HLA class 1 antigen (sHLA-l) and clinical powameters in patients with HFRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum sHLA-I concentrations in patients with HFRS were significantly higher than those in controls throughout all clinical phases (p < 0.01). The highly elevated Serum sHLA-I concentrations peaked in the oliguric phase and declined gradually through the phases of HFRS. Serum sHLA-l concentrations in patients with hypotensive episode were higher than in those without the episode (5,85 +/-2,184 vs. 2,389 +/- 860 ng/ml in oliguric phase, 4.11 +/- 1,952 vs. 1,502 +/- 592 ng/ml in diuretic phase, p < 0.05), and serum sHLA-l levels showed a significant correlation with blood WBC count (r = 0.75 in the febrile and hypotensive phase, p < 0.01) and serum creatinine concentrations (r = 0.64 in the oliguric phase, p < 0.01), respectively, Urine sHLA-I levels in the oliguric phase were significantly higher than those in the diuretic phase (390 +/- 155 vs. 214 +/- 45 ng/mg Cr, p < 0.05) and urine sHLA-I levels are associated with severe illness in patients with HFRS. The higher serum sHLA-I are associated with severe illness in patients with HFRS. The persistent elevation of serum sHLA-I during all phases of HFRS might be related to increased production due to prolonged cellular immunologic stimulation by the Hantaan virus rather than decreased excretion of sHLA-I through the kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the serum and urine sHLA-I concentrations can be used as a stable and objective parameter for monitoring clinical severity and renal dysfunction in patients with HFRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens