title: Intraamniotic surfactant for prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS): rationale and personal experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of intramniotic instillation of supplementary surfactant for the prophylaxis of neonatal IRDS in an emergency obstetric setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supplementary natural surfactant (SS) was administered intra-amniotically (80 mg in 1 ml) under ultrasound guidance in the proximity of the fetal nostrils and mouth in six pregnant women at 24-32 weeks gestation, with immature amniotic fluid indices of fetal lung maturity, and whose delivery was imminent because of severe fetal distress, deteriorating maternal conditions, or refractory vaginal bleeding. The administration of SS was preceded by IV aminophylline to the mother (a bolus of 240 mg over 10 min, and a maintenance dose of 0.02-0.1 mg kg-1 min-1) in order to elicit sustained fetal breathing movements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical conditions of the six newborn infants were good with no respiratory problems in four cases, and with mild IRDS in the remaining two, which, however, resolved uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that this prophylactic approach has a great potential for becoming a reliable option for the antenatal prevention of IRDS.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Cosmi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Piazze
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Maranghi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lerro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Anceschi
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents