title: Isokinetic torque, average power, and flexion/extension ratios in nondisabled adults and adults with mental retardation.
abstract: For successful placement of individuals with mental retardation into community environments, a minimal amount of functional strength is required to promote self-independence. Since muscular strength and power are commonly deficient in these groups, the purpose of this study was to compare isokinetic elbow flexion and extension peak torque (Nm), average power (W), and corresponding flexion/extension ratios of adults males with Down syndrome, with mental retardation without Down syndrome, and sedentary adult males without mental retardation. Subjects with Down syndrome (N = 9), mental retardation without Down syndrome (N = 13), and without mental retardation (N = 13) were tested for elbow flexion and extension peak torque and average power at 60 and 90 degrees/sec on a Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer. Results indicated: 1) subjects without mental retardation displayed significantly greater ( p < 0.01) peak torque and average power elbow flexion and extension than subjects with Down syndrome and subjects with mental retardation without Down syndrome at speeds of 60 and 90 degrees/sec, and 2) there were no significant differences between groups in peak torque and average power elbow flexion/extension ratios at both angular velocities. The results of the data analysis support the premise that adults with mental retardation are in need of exercise programs to improve muscular strength.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-3651, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pitetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Croce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*