title: Anosognosia and procedural learning in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Awareness of cognitive deficits may rely on the implicit learning of intellectual limitations, and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may result from deficits in implicit learning. To examine this hypothesis, a consecutive series of 55 patients with probable AD were divided into groups with mild (n = 13), severe (n = 12), or no anosognosia (n = 30) and were assessed with a neuropsychological battery that included tests of declarative and procedural learning. Whereas there were no significant between-group differences in tests of declarative learning (the Buschke Selective Reminding Test and the Benton Visual Retention Test), patients with severe anosognosia showed a significantly worse performance on procedural learning (as measured with the Maze Learning Test) and a test assessing set shifting abilities (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) than AD patients without anosognosia. The authors' results suggest that deficits in procedural learning and anosognosia in AD may result from dysfunction in habit-learning systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute of Neurological Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Starkstein
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sabe
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cuerva
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuzis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leiguarda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000377:Agnosia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology