title: Human leukocyte antigens and cytokine expression in cerebral inflammatory demyelinative lesions of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and multiple sclerosis.
abstract: The two most common forms of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) are the cerebral forms (CER) with an inflammatory demyelinating reaction that resembles multiple sclerosis, and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) which involves primarily the spinal cord and in which the inflammatory reaction is mild or absent. We found no significant association between the childhood cerebral form (CCER) or AMN and the human leukocyte (HLA) class I and Class II antigens including the class II DR2 haplotypes associated with multiple sclerosis. Inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma) gene expression was increased in multiple sclerosis brain lesions, as has been reported previously, but much less so in CER brain lesions. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response in X-ALD differs from that in multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. mcmcguin@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Bias
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schmeckpeper
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wesselingh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000326:Adrenoleukodystrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006680:HLA Antigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha