title: The effects of prosthesis mass on metabolic cost of ambulation in non-vascular trans-tibial amputees.
abstract: The effect of prosthesis mass on the metabolic cost of steady-state walking was studied in ten male non-vascular trans-tibial amputees (TTAs) and ten non-amputee controls. The subjects underwent four trials of treadmill ambulation, with each trial performed for nine minutes at level grade and 76 m/min. Twenty minutes of seated rest followed each trial. During trials numbers one and two, TTAs ambulated without mass added to their prosthesis. During the third and fourth trials, either 454 or 907 grammes mass (1 or 2lbs mass respectively) were randomly assigned and added to either the prosthesis or the leg of the non-amputee control. Subjects were blinded to the amount of mass added to their limb. Within-group comparisons across the four trials showed significant differences in oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) between the two non "mass added" trials, but no effect for addition of mass. The VO2 of TTAs was only 0.6 ml/kg/min (4.7 percent) greater during walking following the addition of 907 grammes to the prosthesis than without mass addition at all, while HR averaged only 1.4 beats/min. higher under the same testing condition. Pearson-product moment correlations echoed these findings, as moderate, but in all cases, negative correlations were observed for associations among the factors of subject age, stump length, and prosthesis-shoe weight, and both VO2 and HR. It was concluded that adding up to 907 grammes mass to a non-vascular TTA's prosthesis will not significantly increase the energy expenditure or HR at a normal walking speed, and that elevated energy cost of ambulation in repeated measures testing without mass added may reflect task familiarization and not an added burden of prosthesis mass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gailey
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Atchley
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zilmer
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Moline-Little
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morris-Cresswell
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Siebert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011474:Prosthesis Design