title: Levuglandin E2-protein adducts in human plasma and vasculature.
abstract: The prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2 rearranges nonenzymatically to generate prostaglandins and secoprostanoic acid levulinaldehyde derivatives such as PGE2 and levuglandin (LG) E2, respectively. Direct detection of LGE2 in biological samples is complicated because it is rapidly sequestered by covalent adduction to endogenous nucleophiles including proteins, which produces LGE2-derived protein-bound pyrroles. Therefore, to detect LGE2-protein adducts in vivo, antibodies were raised against a covalent adduct of LGE2 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). This antigen enabled the production of high-titer antibodies that exhibit minimal cross-specificity and are sensitive for detecting LGE2-derived pyrroles. Although pyrrole yields are low at LG/protein ratios found in vivo, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the LGE2-KLH antibodies detects LGE2-derived protein-bound pyrrole immunoreactivity in human plasma from specific patient populations. Furthermore, prominent immunocytochemical staining of human brain thin sections revealed the presence of LGE2-derived pyrrole immunoreactivity, especially in the meningeal vessels of some patients. This demonstration of LG-protein adducts in human plasma and vasculature provides the first evidence for the biological occurrence of levuglandins in vivo and further suggests that these antibodies might prove useful in diagnostic and mechanistic studies of various disease conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. rgs@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Subbanagounder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Monnier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000737:chemistry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism*; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008576:Meningeal Arteries / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D008974:Mollusca / Q000276:immunology; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D011758:Pyrroles; D006433:Hemocyanins; C047684:levuglandin E2; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin