title: Hydrothermal ceramic for porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns: an initial experience report from clinical practice.
abstract: The development of hydrothermal ceramics was an important requirement for fusing hydrolysis-resistant ceramics to precious metal alloys with low melting interval. Clinical findings since 1992 confirm the wide range of application of these metal-ceramic restorations in dentistry. Initial problems concerning temperature regulation of the ceramic ovens were rectified by checking and adjusting them for lower sintering temperatures. The golden yellow color is only one advantage of the ceramic-veneered alloy. Other advantages include its nonporous, smooth surface, translucence, and suitability for use in all types of dental restorations and reconstructions. Hydrothermal ceramic veneers thus can help to substantially reduce the number of different alloys used in a patient's mouth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Dental School, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattmüller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wassmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffar
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006047:Gold Alloys; D006801:Humans; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C095718:Duceram; D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain