title: Activity of trovafloxacin in combination with other drugs for treatment of acute murine toxoplasmosis.
abstract: Current therapy for toxoplasmosis with a synergistic combination of pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine plus clindamycin is not always efficacious and is frequently discontinued due to intolerable toxic effects in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with AIDS. Trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with potent activity against Toxoplasma gondii, was examined for potential synergistic activity when combined with other drugs used for treatment of human toxoplasmosis. Combinations of trovafloxacin with clarithromycin, pyrimethamine, or sulfadiazine demonstrated significantly enhanced activities compared to those observed with each drug alone. Our results suggest that combinations of trovafloxacin and other anti-toxoplasma drugs should be further explored for treatment of toxoplasmosis in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, California 94301, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Slifer
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Polzer
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D053626:Atovaquone; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D051379:Mice; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D017828:Rifabutin; C080163:trovafloxacin; D017291:Clarithromycin; D053626:Atovaquone