title: Mobilizing positive reinforcement in communities to reduce youth access to tobacco.
abstract: A community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks' refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two other continued in baseline. Outlets' willingness to sell was assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell. Mobilizing social and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
authors.affiliation: Center for Community Interventions on Childrearing, Oregon Research Institute, Eugene 97403-1983, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biglan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ary
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koehn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levings
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012944:Social Support; D014026:Nicotiana