title: Cardiac pacemaker dysfunction in children after thoracic drainage catheter manipulation.
abstract: Two children underwent placement of permanent, epicardial-lead, dual-chamber, unipolar pacemaker systems for complete heart block. Postoperatively, both patients demonstrated subcutaneous emphysema-in the area of their pulse generators-temporally related to thoracic catheter manipulation. Acutely, each situation was managed with manual compression of the pulse generator, ascertaining appropriate pacemaker sensing and pacing. Maintenance of compression with pressure dressings, vigilant observation/monitoring, and education of the care givers resulted in satisfactory pacemaker function without invasive intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit 48201, USA.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lobdell
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakimi
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013909:Thorax