title: Incidence of femoral vein occlusion after catheter ablation in children: evaluation with magnetic resonance angiography.
abstract: Catheter ablation in children requires placement of multiple large femoral venous sheaths and catheters. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was used to evaluate the effect of indwelling lines on femoral venous blood flow. Between October 1993 and February 1994 a total of 17 patients scheduled for catheter ablation underwent venous MRA. Two-dimensional time-of-flight MRA was performed 12-70 hours after catheterization on all patients. All patients received intravenous heparin during the procedure and had aspirin therapy instituted after ablation. Eighteen catheter ablations and MRA studies were performed on the 17 patients (one patient underwent repeat ablation). There were 7 females and 10 males, with a mean age of 14.8 +/- 4.2 years (range 8-21 years). Patients had three venous sheaths inserted in the left femoral vein (5F, 6F, and 7F with external diameters measuring 1.7, 2.0, and 2.3 mm, respectively) and one sheath in the right femoral vein (7F). Four patients (22%) had altered venous flow (two complete obstructions and two partial obstructions) following catheterization. None of these patients experienced symptoms or complications. It was concluded that there is an increased incidence (22%) of venous obstruction following catheter ablation, but there are no related complications. Venous MRA provides a rapid, noninvasive method for evaluating venous flow abnormalities and possibly detects patients at risk for complications.
authors.affiliation: South Carolina Children's Heart Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Miga
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: McKellar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denslow
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gillette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis*