title: Spectrum of pediatric dacryocystitis: medical and surgical management of 54 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dacryocystitis in infants and older children is a serious complication of congenital or acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. To define the modes of presentation and treatment strategies of this disorder better, we reviewed the clinical courses of 54 children treated for dacryocystitis at St Louis Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, neuroradiologic, and laboratory data were collated for all cases of dacryocystitis treated from 1990 to 1995. Average follow up of the children in this consecutive series was 1.75 years (range, 4 months to 5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 54 patients, 36 (67%) had chronic low-grade dacryocystitis, which was treated with nasolacrimal duct probing on an outpatient basis. The remaining 18 patients (33%) had acute dacryocystitis, which was treated with a combined medical/surgical strategy. Medical treatment consisted of hospital admission for administration of intravenous antibiotics followed by inpatient surgery, which varied according to the age of the patient and the clinical history: 1) Acute dacryocystitis in neonates was treated surgically by nasolacrimal duct probing and nasal endoscopy for excision of intranasal duct cyst; 2) Acute dacryocystitis with periorbital cellulitis was treated surgically by nasolacrimal duct probing; 3) Acute dacryocystitis due to facial trauma was treated surgically by dacryocystorhinostomy and stent placement; and 4) Acute dacryocystitis complicated by orbital abscess was treated by inferior orbitotomy for orbital abscess drainage, simultaneous nasolacrimal duct probing, and stent placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dacryocystitis in the pediatric population may present in either chronic or acute forms. An effective and safe treatment for acute dacryocystitis is hospital admission, both for administering intravenous antibiotics and monitoring to rule out orbital cellulitis or abscess formation. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is followed within a day or two by surgery tailored to the clinical history. In the majority of both chronic and acute cases, nasolacrimal duct probing appears to be an effective treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, St Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Campolattaro
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Lueder
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tychsen
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000150:complications; D000208:Acute Disease; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000150:complications; D003560:Cysts / Q000150:complications; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007297:Inpatients; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents