title: A case-control study to identify farm factors affecting fertility of dairy herds: univariate description of factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify farm factors which were associated with reproductive performance in dairy herds in New South Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was administered by face to face interview to examine the responses of producers drawn from 757 herds, which used the New South Wales Agriculture Department Dairy Herd Improvement scheme. A case-control approach was used to select a total of 126 herds from the first (top group-cases) and fourth quartiles (low group-controls) for intercalving interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the estimated interval from calving to first mating was significantly different between group (P = 0.03) and that the groups significantly differed in both their target for interval to first mating (P = 0.02) and their perceived optimum time for first mating (P = 0.04). Other factors associated with a longer intercalving interval included, use of embryo transfer programs (P = 0.08), younger managers (P = 0.02), fewer breedings per day (P = 0.01), a greater number of people detecting heats (P = 0.07), but less hours spent detecting heats while handling the cows (P = 0.11), and a failure to vaccinate bulls for campylobacteriosis (P = 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Managers of herds with poorer reproductive performance did not intend to mate cattle as soon after calving as managers with better reproductive performance, were not as active in seeking veterinary advice on reproduction, and were attempting to treat reproductive diseases and disorders themselves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003625:Data Collection; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D007246:Infertility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors