title: Fetal size and growth velocity in the prediction of intrapartum caesarean section for fetal distress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare third trimester ultrasound measurements of fetal size and growth velocity in the prediction of intrapartum operative delivery for fetal distress and admission to the special care baby unit in a low risk antenatal population undergoing labour at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected ultrasound data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and ninety-eight women previously enrolled in a longitudinal study of intrauterine volume undergoing labour at a gestational age of > 37 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal abdominal area (FAA) standard deviation scores (Z scores) were calculated for size at 32 and 36 weeks of gestation together with the growth velocity Z scores between these two gestational ages. Receiver-operator characteristics were calculated for fetal abdominal area Z scores at 32, 36 weeks and velocity Z scores in the prediction of caesarean section for fetal distress and/or admission to the special care baby unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrapartum caesarean section for fetal distress and admission to the special care baby unit with a diagnosis of perinatal hypoxia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancies ending in caesarean section for fetal distress or admission to the special care baby unit (n = 17) had significantly lower fetal abdominal area Z scores at 36 weeks of gestation (mean Z score -0.71 vs -0.18) and lower fetal abdominal area growth velocity (mean Z score - 1.31 vs -0.01). Taking a cutoff Z score of -1.2 derived from the receiver-operator characteristic curve, fetal abdominal area velocity has a sensitivity of 65% and specificity 75% for caesarean section for fetal distress and/or admission to the special care baby unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth velocity of the fetal abdominal area in the third trimester is superior to a single measurement of the fetal abdominal area at either a mean of 32 or 36 weeks of gestation in the prediction of caesarean section for fetal distress and admission to the special care baby unit in low-risk women labouring at term. These results support the hypothesis that in the third trimester at least, growth rate in utero is more relevant to intrapartum performance and immediate perinatal outcome than estimates of fetal size alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Harrold
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal