title: Genotoxicity of humic acid in cultured human lymphocytes and its interaction with the herbicides alachlor and maleic hydrazide.
abstract: The genotoxicity of humic acid and its possible interaction with the herbicides alachlor and maleic hydrazide have been evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes from two donors. Humic acid and the two herbicides have been tested (alone and combined) for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction. In addition, the effect of two different preincubation times, 2 and 24 hr, was analyzed. The results indicate that humic acid and the herbicides alachlor and maleic hydrazide appear to significantly enhance the frequency of SCE, the effect of the herbicides being more pronounced. With reference to the possible interaction of humic acid with the herbicides, the results do not show a common pattern, although mainly an additive effect was obtained. Nevertheless, there is some evidence suggesting that antagonism may occur, especially in the combined treatment of humic acid and maleic hydrazide.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Creus
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xamena
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008300:Maleic Hydrazide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D006540:Herbicides; D006812:Humic Substances; D009153:Mutagens; C000188:alachlor; D008300:Maleic Hydrazide