title: The 1993 epidemic of dengue fever in Mangalore, Karnataka state, India.
abstract: An epidemic of febrile illness with hemorrhagic manifestations occurred in certain parts of Mangalore city, Karnataka state, India, from the last week of July 1993. The epidemic reached its peak by mid-August and then started declining. Sporadic cases, however, continued to occur till early December. About 200 cases were reported covering all age groups and both sexes. The cases presented with pyrexia, myalgia, arthralgia and headache. Palatal petechiae, magenta colored tongue with central coating, maculopapular rash and facial flush were observed as classical signs. The tourniquet test was positive in 12% of the cases. Hemorrhage was observed in the form of epistaxis (2 cases), subconjunctival hemorrhage (2 cases) or purpura (3 cases). There were no deaths which were attributable to the epidemic. Five strains of dengue (DEN-2) virus were recovered from the acute-phase sera. Dengue virus-specific IgM type of antibodies were detected in 29/116 (25%) sera. Breeding of Aedes aegypti was observed in some of the areas where cases had occurred. No virus was isolated from any of the field-caught Ae. aegypti mosquitos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kastutba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Padbidri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thakare
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ilkal
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Guttikar
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Walhekar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chowta
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hegde
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003289:Convalescence; D009033:Culicidae; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014504:Urban Health