title: Technical note. Modulation transfer function analysis of a newly revised rotational panoramic machine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise equivalent passband (NE) values for a newly revised rotational panoramic X-ray machine, the PC-1000 (Panoramic Corp., Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Images of a 10 microns test slit were taken at various locations along the X-ray beam projection path using a Lanex Regular/T-Mat G image receptor. Line spread functions were obtained at specific beam paths by scanning slit images with a microdensitometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTF values were highest around the central plane of the image layer, with a maximum near the centre of 0.25 at 4 cycles/mm. The NE values near the central plane of image layer were 1.4 cycles/mm. MTF and NE values in the anterior region were low, 0.2 and 1.2, respectively. The width of the image layer was narrower in the anterior and wider in the posterior segments. Rapid decreases in MTF and NE values were found on the X-ray tube side compared with the receptor side of the central plane. Using a spatial frequency of 0.25 MTF the shape of the image layer was coincident with that determined visually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the MTF and NE values the image resolution produced by this machine is considered acceptable for panoramic dental radiography.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Eraso
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Scarfe
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Farman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroyanagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D008433:Mathematics; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000295:instrumentation*