title: Correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy and GAA trinucleotide repeat length in Friedreich's ataxia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Friedreich's ataxia (FA), the most common inherited ataxia, is associated frequently with cardiac hypertrophy, and death is often cardiac related. Recently, the disease has been associated with a mutation that consists of an unstable expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the gene encoding frataxin on chromosome 9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 44 consecutive patients with FA, determined the size of GAA expansions in the frataxin gene, and examined the relation between the genotype and cardiac phenotype assessed by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. All the patients were homozygous for the mutation. The size of the GAA expansion on the smaller allele varied from 270 to 1200. We found a correlation between the size of GAA expansion and the left ventricular wall thickness (r = .51, P < .001) and the left ventricular mass index (r = .45, P = .002). Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 81% of patients with a number of GAA repeats above the median value of 770 compared with only 14% in the other group (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that in FA, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy is related to the number of GAA repeats. These results suggest that abnormalities of the gene encoding frataxin, a protein of unknown function highly expressed in the normal heart, may play an important role in the modulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Service de Cardiologie, Association Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isnard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalotka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dürr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cossée
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pousset
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brice
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komajda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005621:Friedreich Ataxia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D008297:Male; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D000096923:Frataxin
chemical_list: D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D000096923:Frataxin