title: Increased prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated vulvovaginal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this cross-sectional study, all participants received a complete gynecologic examination including colposcopic evaluation and a structured interview about sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for vulvovaginal disease. In addition, HPV DNA was assayed for in cervicovaginal lavages using polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vulvar and/or vaginal condyloma acuminata were detected in 22 of 396 (5.6%) HIV-positive and in 3 of 375 (0.8%) HIV-negative women (odds ratio [OR] 7.3, P < .001). High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) was present in two of the HIV-positive and none of the HIV-negative women. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive women with condyloma or VIN were significantly more likely to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (33%) than those without vulvovaginal lesions (17%) (OR 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 74). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, both HIV seropositivity (adjusted OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.3, 35.3) and HPV infection (adjusted OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.7, 39.4) were associated with vulvovaginal condyloma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma was increased in HIV-positive women even when controlling for HPV infection. Human papillomavirus-associated disease was more likely to be multicentric and involve the vulva, vagina, and cervix in HIV-positive than HIV-negative women. Detection of high-grade VIN in two of the HIV-positive women suggests that they may also be at risk for developing invasive vulvar carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Disease Intervention Research, New York City Department of Health, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chiasson
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ellerbrock
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000821:virology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014845:Vulvar Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*