Endoscopic facial rejuvenation.
The use of an endoscope is a reliable way to perform facial rejuvenation, to correct eyebrow imbalance, periorbital and malar soft-tissue sagginess, and soft-tissue displacement in the lower face and neck. It allows great magnification and tissue dissection control while observing in situ tissue modification and the immediate results. In mild cases of brow ptosis without muscle hyperactivity, wide undermining and fixation can be a simple way to achieve a good result. When hyperactivity of the muscles is present with or without brow ptosis, a more complex procedure can be done, which requires the treatment of the appropriate musculatures. The result are comparable to those achieved with the open approach with the advantage of a shorter scar, minimal permanent numbness, and much better patient acceptability.
Isse
N G
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Department of Surgery, UCLA, Burbank, USA.
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*