title: CD28 engagement and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to T cell expansion and long-term survival in vivo.
abstract: To mount a productive response to Ag, CD4+ T cells in mice must divide, differentiate, and survive at least until the Ag has been eliminated. It has been suggested that to accomplish this, T cells must receive two signals, one through their TCRs and a second through CD28. The second signal through CD28 has been thought to fulfill two roles, to stimulate T cell proliferation and to promote T cell survival. In this paper we confirm that CD28 engagement can contribute to vigorous T cell expansion in mice injected with superantigens. However, CD28 engagement does not protect T cells produced during a superantigen-specific proliferative response from undergoing subsequent deletion. Even if CD28 is bound, 4 days after superantigen exposure, the majority of T cells produced in response to superantigen exposure are eliminated in vivo. In contrast, this loss of superantigen-stimulated T cells can be prevented by the inflammatory stimuli created by injection of bacterial LPS. This protection does not require engagement of CD28 by its ligands, B7-1 and B7-2. These data suggest that productive T cell responses in mice involve a number of signals, including those initiated through TCR and CD28, which are primarily involved in the activation and expansion of T cells, and others delivered by proinflammatory cytokines that protect an activated T cell from subsequent deletion.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Groth
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Linsley
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kappler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marrack
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000494:pharmacology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002470:Cell Survival; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D004768:Enterotoxins; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018089:Superantigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal; D000069594:Abatacept