title: Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation 24 h after delivery on breastmilk retinol concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty low income women were randomly assigned to a single oral dose of 209 micromol of Vitamin A or none at delivery. Maternal serum and breastmilk retinol levels and infant morbidity and anthropometry were serially assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (95% CI) serum retinol levels increased in the supplemented mothers at 2.77 (2.3, 3.2) compared to 1.15 (0.9, 1.4) micromol/l in controls (P < 0.05) and remained at a significantly higher level of 1.59 (1.4, 1.8) micromol/l compared to 1.33 (1.8, 1.5) micromol/l in the control group (P < 0.001) up to a period of three months. Breastmilk retinol concentration was also greater at 24 h after supplementation, mean (CI) 11.34 (9.0, 13.7) micromol/l, compared to 2.95 (2.3, 3.6) micromol/l in the control group (P < 0.0001), and remained higher for the next six months at 1.06 (0.9, , 1.3) micromol/l compared to 0.73 (0.6, 0.8) micromol/l in the control group (P < 0.02). Infants of the supplemented mothers had reduced mean duration of respiratory tract infection of 3.1 (2.7, 3.5) days compared to 3.7 (3.3, 4.2) days (P < 0.03) and mean incidence of febrile illness 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) compared to control infants 0.3 (0.3, 0.3) days, (P < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin A supplementation of malnourished mothers maintains higher breastmilk retinol concentration for at least six months and reduces the duration of respiratory tract infection and febrile illness in their breastfed infants.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molla
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Akramuzzaman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005334:Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A