title: Outcomes and process in genetic counselling.
abstract: Although it may be simple to evaluate some elements of clinical genetics, it is difficult to evaluate genetic counselling. We review previous studies of the outcomes of genetic counselling; although the methods used may be valid in research studies, there are practical and ethical difficulties in applying them to the measurement of clinical effectiveness in standard practice. No simple measures of outcomes would be suitable. Research evidence will be helpful in deciding what services it is appropriate to offer, and the quality of a service can then be assured by assessing the quality of the clinical process in three ways: 1) adherence to agreed protocols and standards of care; 2) peer review and audit of clinical activity; and 3) ongoing review of the satisfaction of clients and referring physicians with the service. The assessment of client satisfaction will need to be a sophisticated form of retrospective satisfaction with the service provided, and such a scheme has yet to be fully developed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000523:psychology; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011786:Quality Control; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies