title: K- and N-Ras are geranylgeranylated in cells treated with farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors.
abstract: The association of mutant forms of Ras protein with a variety of human cancers has stimulated intense interest in therapies based on inhibiting oncogenic Ras signaling. Attachment of Ras proteins to the plasma membrane is required for effective Ras signaling and is initiated by the enzyme farnesyl protein transferase. We found that in the presence of potent farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, Ras proteins in the human colon carcinoma cell line DLD-1 were alternatively prenylated by geranylgeranyl transferase-1. When H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras4A, and K-Ras4B were expressed individually in COS cells, H-Ras prenylation and membrane association were found to be uniquely sensitive to farnesyl transferase inhibitors; N- and K-Ras proteins incorporated the geranylgeranyl isoprene group and remained associated with the membrane fraction. The alternative prenylation of N- and K-Ras has significant implications for our understanding of the mechanism of action of farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors as anti-cancer chemotherapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA. david.whyte@spcorp.com
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirschmeier
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nunez-Oliva
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Catino
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017368:Protein Prenylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014166:Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014166:Transferases; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C064911:p21(ras) farnesyl-protein transferase; D018631:ras Proteins