title: Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia patients with comorbid substance abuse.
abstract: Substance abuse worsens the course of schizophrenia and significantly impairs the relationship between the patient and the health care team. Recent advances in laboratory studies of substance abuse and the pharmacology of schizophrenia open up new possibilities for pharmacotherapy of substance abuse in schizophrenia patients. D1 dopaminergic receptor agonists may directly block the drive for stimulant use. D2 dopaminergic receptor antagonists may indirectly block the drive for stimulant and nicotine use, while opioid antagonists appear to reduce the drive to use alcohol. New generations of neuroleptics with serotonin (5-HT2) receptor antagonism and/or 5-HT1A agonist activity may reduce substance abuse in schizophrenia patients who self-medicate negative symptoms or neuroleptic side effects. Pharmacotherapy efficacy may be enhanced by adding contingency management, social skills training, and other manualized programs. Tables are provided of potentially useful medications. Preliminary results are presented of cocaine-abusing schizophrenia patient treated with desipramine and traditional neuroleptics.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychopharmacology Laboratory, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medication Development Unit, West Los Angeles VA Medical Ctr., CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005475:Flupenthixol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012651:Self Medication; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D005475:Flupenthixol; D003042:Cocaine; D007099:Imipramine