title: Prospective evaluation of the effect of biphasic waveform defibrillation on ventricular pacing thresholds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Significant increases in ventricular pacing threshold have been observed following monophasic waveform ventricular defibrillation shocks. High-output pacing is recommended to ensure consistent capture, particularly in pacemaker-dependent patients who are likely to be defibrillated. Whether biphasic waveform defibrillation compounds this problem is not known. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine serial changes in ventricular pacing thresholds following single, multiple, low- and high-energy biphasic defibrillation shocks from an implanted defibrillator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar pacing thresholds before and after defibrillation, and the adequacy of pacing capture at three times preshock threshold in the immediate aftermath of ventricular defibrillation, were prospectively evaluated in 67 consecutively tested recipients of a biphasic implanted cardioverter defibrillator. Overall, serial pacing thresholds following successful defibrillation were completely unchanged after 141 of 177 (80%) ventricular fibrillation inductions. In no case did the threshold pulse width increment > 0.06 msec from its baseline value after shock, nor did pacing at a pulse width of three times preshock threshold from dedicated bipolar pacing electrodes fail to result in successful ventricular capture. Changes in threshold were not related to when measured from the time of shock, defibrillation energy, number of shocks, electrode system, chronicity of leads, shock orientation, or to clinical factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No clinically important changes in pacing threshold were observed after biphasic waveform defibrillation. Bradycardia pacing at conventional pacemaker outputs of three times baseline pulse width threshold from bipolar electrodes dedicated exclusively to pacing or sensing (but not defibrillation) consistently allowed for an adequate safety margin following defibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6422, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kudenchuk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dolack
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gleva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Troutman
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bardy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016276:Ventricular Function