title: Screening for ectopic pregnancy in symptom-free women at increased risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ectopic pregnancy rate among symptom-free women at increased risk undergoing a screening program involving transvaginal sonography and serum hCG testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive symptom-free women at increased risk for ectopic pregnancy were studied prospectively by transvaginal sonography and serum hCG measurement to detect ectopic pregnancy before the onset of symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between September 1993 and May 1996, 143 symptom-free pregnant women with pregnancies of a gestational age of less than 7 weeks were screened. Eight had ectopic pregnancies, 129 had intrauterine pregnancies, and six had trophoblast in regression. Among the eight women with ectopic pregnancies, one was initially diagnosed as having an intrauterine pregnancy. This women returned 1 week later with abdominal pain, and an ectopic pregnancy with intra-abdominal bleeding was found. Ectopic pregnancies were present in 5.6% (95% confidence interval 2.5%, 10.7%) of the women screened. This was significantly lower than reported in a previous study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ectopic pregnancy rate in the population that was offered screening was low. Thus, it is questionable whether the possible benefits (prevention of complications and reassurance of the woman) outweigh possible detriments (false-positive diagnosis, financial costs, and emotional stress that could be induced by screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hajenius
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ankum
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van der Veen
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000592:standards; D014621:Vagina
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin