title: Elevated soluble CD14 receptors and altered cytokines in chronic heart failure.
abstract: We hypothesized that in patients with chronic heart failure mesenteric venous congestion leads to increased bowel permeability, bacterial translocation, and thereby endotoxin release; the increased endotoxin challenge then causes immune activation with increased soluble CD14 levels and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production. Patients with high soluble CD14 levels (indicative of endotoxin-cell interaction) have markedly increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1, supporting this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anker
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Egerer
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kox
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Poole-Wilson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coats
mesh_terms: D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma