title: Disturbances in the propagation of the slow wave during acute local ischaemia in the feline small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The normal aborad propagation of the slow wave in the small intestine is easily distorted by pacing, hypoxia or transection. We studied whether acute local ischaemia would also induce serious conduction disturbances and ectopic pacemaking.
  
  
  METHODS
  After general anaesthesia and a mid-abdominal incision, a multi-electrode array of 240 extracellular electrodes was positioned on the serosal surface of an exteriorized intestinal loop. Simultaneous recordings of all 240 surface electrodes was performed during a control period and for 5-10 min following local acute arterial occlusion. After the experiments activation maps were constructed describing the pattern of propagation of the slow waves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During control periods, the activation maps showed homogeneous aborad conduction of the slow wave. During acute ischaemia, local areas of inexcitability developed rapidly, merging together to form lines of conduction block. This in turn often provoked the appearance of subsidiary ectopic pacemakers. The location of the conduction blocks as well as that of ectopic pacemakers was highly variable and could disappear and reappear at other sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within minutes, acute ischaemia disturbed the organized homogeneous aborad propagation of the slow wave leading to pronounced inhomogeneous depression of conduction, local inexcitability, conduction block and the appearance of subsidiary pacemakers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el-Kays
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Manefield
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arafat
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: el-Sharkawy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male