title: Color vision tests for early detection of antiepileptic drug toxicity.
abstract: A previous suggestion that antiepileptic drugs may induce color vision deficiencies prompted us to examine whether color vision deficiencies may occur at lower drug serum concentrations than those associated with symptoms of neurotoxicity. Eighty patients presenting with epilepsy received monotherapies of valproic acid, phenytoin, or carbamazepine; 18 patients did not receive antiepileptic drug therapy. Color vision was tested by the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, spectral sensitivity, and the newly developed tritan screening plates. Patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine developed blue-yellow color vision deficiencies. In contrast, patients exposed to valproic acid or receiving no drug treatment showed normal color vision. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.0001) between signs of neurotoxicity induced by phenytoin or carbamazepine and blue-yellow color vision deficiencies. In contrast, we found no correlation between these signs of neurotoxicity and the drug serum concentrations (p = 0.0637). Color vision testing in epileptic patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine appears to be a sensitive method for early detection and monitoring of clinical neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zrenner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuehn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ried
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003118:Color Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014787:Vision Tests
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin