Daytime and nighttime wetting in children: a review of management.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the types of voiding dysfunction common to children, review pertinent literature on enuresis, discuss treatment options, and explore the nurse's role in identifying and managing children with voiding difficulties.


METHODS
Children beyond the age of normal toileting who continue with uncontrolled urination either during the day, at night, or both.


CONCLUSIONS
Inappropriate urination in children is a common occurrence. Ninety-five percent of voiding problems are functional, and 5 percent represent pathologic conditions. There is widespread misunderstanding among parents, teachers, and primary care providers on the causes and management options for these children.


CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric nurses are in key positions to identify children with voiding problems. Once the problem has been acknowledged, nurses can assess the problem and its impact on the family; educate parents, children, and others regarding causes; discuss management options; and refer children for medical intervention when necessary.
Kelleher
R E
RE
Albany Medical College, NY, USA. kelleher@hslc.org
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004775:Enuresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors