title: Induction of ischemic tolerance and antioxidant activity by brief focal ischemia.
abstract: Three forms of non-injurious ischemic preconditioning were tested for their effects on endogenous antioxidant activity and subsequent ischemic injury. Test ischemia alone, consisting of 1 h occlusion of both carotid arteries (BCAs) and one middle cerebral artery (MCA), elicited an average volume of cerebral infarction of 143.4 +/- 15.0 mm3 (mean +/- s.e.m.). Twenty minutes occlusion of the MCA only or MCA and BCAs (but not BCAs only) 24 h before test ischemia significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume. These findings demonstrate that brief focal ischemia can attenuate the injurious impact of subsequent ischemia and that an upregulation of endogenous antioxidant activity may play a key role in this neuroprotective effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kassell
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013482:Superoxide Dismutase