title: Estimates of injury impairment after acute traumatic injury in motorcycle crashes before and after passage of a mandatory helmet use law.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study estimates trends in impairment before and after the 1992 California Mandatory Helmet Use Law using the injury impairment Scale (IIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We linked medical records and police reports for a cohort of 4,790 nonfatally injured motorcycle riders who crashed between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1993, and were treated for injuries in 1 of 18 hospitals in 10 California counties. All injuries were coded according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale and matched to corresponding codes in the IIS. The IIS provides an estimate of the likelihood of impairment from any given injury. Impairment is not directly measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After implementation of the law, the proportion of riders likely to sustain head injury-related impairments decreased by 34.1%. Impairments resulting from head injuries were the most common type before passage of the law, but they were surpassed by leg injury-related impairments after passage. Helmet nonuse, speeding, and drinking were among variables associated with increased odds ratios of head injury estimated to cause impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of motorcycle riders with head injury impairment as estimated with the IIS decreased significantly after the introduction of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peek-Asa
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000639:trends*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D009049:Motorcycles; D016495:Police; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence