title: Bone mineral changes in young women with hypothalamic amenorrhea treated with oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone, or placebo over 12 months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether treatment with oral contraceptives, in comparison with medroxyprogesterone and placebo, improved bone mineral in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and (2) whether treatment with medroxyprogesterone, in comparison with placebo, improved bone mineral in women with hypothalamic oligomenorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Twenty-four white women, aged 14 to 28 years, with hypothalamic amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea were prospectively enrolled for a 12-month intervention period. Amenorrheic subjects were randomized to receive oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone, or placebo. Oligomenorrheic subjects were randomized to receive medroxyprogesterone or placebo. Bone mineral was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and at 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In amenorrheic subjects spine and total body bone mineral measurements at 12 months were greater in the oral contraceptive group than in the medroxyprogesterone and placebo groups when baseline bone mineral measurements, body weight, and age were controlled for (p < or = 0.05). There were no differences in hip bone mineral calcium and bone mineral density measurements at 12 months among the three groups. In oligomenorrheic subjects there was no detectable improvement in bone mineral associated with medroxyprogesterone use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the hypothesis that oral contraceptive use in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea will improve lumbar spine and total body bone mineral.
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hergenroeder
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shypailo
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Klish
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015519:Bone Density; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D010919:Placebos; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone