title: Expression of growth factors in chicken growth plate with special reference to tibial dyschondroplasia.
abstract: Immunoreactive growth factors were identified in chick embryonic cartilage and bone, and in the growth plate of normal tibiotarsi and tibiotarsi affected with tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). A specific pattern of temporal and spatial expression was observed for each growth factor. Transforming growth factor beta and alpha (TGF beta and TGF alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were briefly expressed in chondrocytes of early chick embryos. Immunolabelling for TGF beta then gradually shifted into cartilaginous matrix and was not observed in cytoplasm of hypertrophic chondrocytes until the late embryonic and post-hatch stages. The distribution and intensity of TGF beta labelling was the same in chondrocytes of the TD and normal growth plate. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) labelling persisted from the early embryonic stage to the end of the mid-stage and then disappeared from chondrocytes. IGF-I appeared again in chondrocytes 1-2 days before hatching. After hatching, the labelling intensified in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. TD lesions displayed IGF-I in the distal region, mainly in chondrocytes around small blood vessels. EGF reappeared in proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes of the mid-embryonic stage. By day 18 after hatching, EGF was present mainly in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. EGF was demonstrated only in distal proliferative and early prehypertrophic chondrocytes of the dyschondroplastic growth plate. TGF alpha was identified in hypertrophic chondrocytes adjacent to the periosteum and in the distal tip of the mid-embryonic growth plate. With progressing ossification, TGF alpha labeling intensified in the embryonic hypertrophic chondrocytes. In the TD growth plate at day 18 after hatching, TGF alpha expression was limited to 1-3 concentric layers of chondrocytes surrounding blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7388, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D013977:Tibia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I