title: Prostate specific antigen in boys with precocious puberty before and during gonadal suppression by GnRH agonist treatment.
abstract: In healthy boys, the pituitary-gonadal axis exhibits diurnal variation in early puberty. Serum testosterone levels are higher during the night and low or immeasurable during the day. These fluctuating levels of circulating androgens in early pubertal boys are difficult to monitor. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a marker of the androgen-dependent prostatic epithelial cell activity and it is used in the diagnosis and surveillance of adult patients with prostatic cancer. We have measured PSA concentrations in serum from boys with precocious puberty before and during gonadal suppression with GnRH agonists to evaluate the effect of normal and precocious puberty on PSA levels and to study the correlation between testosterone and PSA in boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  PSA was measured by an ultrasensitive immunofluorometric assay with a detection limit of 0.03 microgram/l. Testosterone was measured by an RIA with a sensitivity of 0.23 nmol/l, and sex hormone binding globulin was measured by a time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (sensitivity 0.23 nmol/l). Five boys with central precocious puberty (CPP) were studied before and after 12 months of GnRH agonist treatment. Sixty healthy boys (12 in each Tanner stage of puberty) and 37 healthy young males served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA levels were immeasurable in all prepubertal boys, whereas PSA levels increased with increasing stage of pubertal maturation. There was a significant correlation between PSA and testosterone and free androgen indices (r = 0.61 and r = 0.65 respectively, both P < 0.001). All 5 boys with CPP had significantly elevated PSA levels which decreased to very low or immeasurable levels after GnRH agonist treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA may be a useful marker of testosterone activity in boys with normal or precocious puberty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002064:Buserelin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D002064:Buserelin