title: Infant emotionality, parenting, and 3-year inhibition: exploring stability and lawful discontinuity in a male sample.
abstract: In this study, the authors examine temperament (12-13 months) and mothering and fathering (15, 21, 27, 33 months) antecedents of inhibition of children at age 3 years prospectively in a sample of 125 firstborn boys and retrospectively in only the most and least inhibited children. High negativity coupled with low positivity in infancy predicted high inhibition, as did parenting that was supportive (e.g., high sensitivity, low intrusiveness). Parenting appeared more influential in the case of children who were highly negative as infants. The importance of distinguishing positive and negative emotionality in infancy and of studying mothering and fathering are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crnic
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies