Cross-generalization of an EtOH "hangover" cue to endogenously and exogenously induced stimuli.
Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a two-choice food-reinforced drug discrimination task (10 min sessions) using the state-dependent interoceptive stimulus attributes of ethanol's (EtOH) delayed or rebound effects (EDE) versus "normal" basal homeostasis. Cross-generalization tests were conducted with 0.18 mg/kg naloxone injected after three days of three injections per day of either SAL or 10 mg/kg morphine. Naloxone failed to generalize to the EDE-state after chronic saline; however, the precipitated morphine withdrawal state produced complete generalization to the EDE training cue. Daily tests were conducted after 8 h photoperiod phase-shifts. An 8 h phase-advance, equivalent to a west-to-east intercontinental night-time flight in humans, produced a biphasic, graded, increase in EDE-appropriate responding, which peaked on the second day after the phase-advance and recovered by the fourth day. The 8 h phase-delays failed to engender significant EDE-appropriate responding. These data provide evidence for the subjective similarity between EtOH hangover, opiate withdrawal states, and the physiological disruption induced by circadian phase-advances.
Gauvin
D V
DV
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190-3000, USA.
Briscoe
R J
RJ
Baird
T J
TJ
Vallett
M
M
Carl
K L
KL
Holloway
F A
FA
D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005795:Generalization, Stimulus; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009270:Naloxone / Q000009:adverse effects; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D017440:Photoperiod; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D000431:Ethanol; D009020:Morphine