title: Laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in a rat model. Description of a new technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In experimental studies on the effects of laparoscopic procedures on tumor biology, a localized tumor model is desirable. The spleen and the kidney are preferable, because these organs are amenable to tumor placement and subsequent removal. This study describes the technique of laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in the rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pneumoperitoneum was established by CO2 insufflation. Laparoscopic splenectomy involved two-handed dissection, intracorporeal ligation, and division of gastrosplenic attachments and hilar and short gastric vessels. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was done by intracorporeal ligation and division of the renal vessels and the ureter after mobilization of the kidney.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in six rats; laparoscopic nephrectomy was done in six rats. Operative time ranged from 45 to 90 min for splenectomy and from 40 to 65 min for nephrectomy. Postoperatively, two rats died from hemorrhage. Necropsy of the rats after 10 days revealed adhesion in three rats after splenectomy and in four rats after nephrectomy. Inflammatory processes were found around the silk ligatures in all rats after splenectomy; in two rats wound infections occurred at the port sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in the rat proved technically feasible and may provide new localized tumor models suitable to be used in further studies on the oncological effects of laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Marquet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kazemier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wittich
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Bouvy
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bruining
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bonjer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors