title: Penetration of dapsone into pulmonary lining fluid of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
abstract: We studied the penetration of dapsone into the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of sixteen human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients who had received the drug at a dose of 100 mg twice weekly as primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and venipuncture were performed for each patient at a specific time after administration of the last dose of dapsone. Dapsone concentrations in plasma and BAL were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The apparent volume of ELF recovered by BAL was determined by using urea as an endogenous marker. The mean concentrations of dapsone in ELF at 2 h (five patients), 4 h (three patients), 12 h (two patients), 24 h (three patients), and 48 h (three patients) were 0.95, 0.70, 1.55, 0.23, and 0.45 mg/liter, respectively, while concentrations in plasma were 1.23, 0.79, 1.31, 0.83, and 0.18 mg/liter, respectively. Dapsone concentrations in ELF were 76, 79, 115, 65, and 291% of those observed in plasma at the same times, respectively. These data show that dapsone is well distributed into ELF and that a twice-weekly 100-mg prophylactic regimen results in sustained concentrations in this compartment.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Clinicizzata di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruciani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mengoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazzadori
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miletich
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malena
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bassetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003622:Dapsone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010994:Pleura / Q000378:metabolism*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D003622:Dapsone