title: Growth changes of solidly fused kyphotic bloc after surgery for tuberculosis. Comparison of four procedures.
abstract: METHODS
  A study to analyze the changes of the spinal deformity during the growth period, with regard to different operations for spinal tuberculosis in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the changes in the kyphotic angle and the growth ratio of the fusion bloc during spinal growth for different fusion techniques.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Most of the publications dealing with spinal tuberculosis in children focused on the clinical outcome with regard to different conservative and operative treatments. There is little reliable information concerning the growth of the solidly fused kyphotic bone bloc and its influence on the changes of the kyphotic deformity after different operative procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 117 children operated on for spinal tuberculosis at the age of 2-6 years at the Ruttonjee Sanatorium in Hong Kong during the 1950s and 1960s. Lateral radiographs obtained postoperatively and 5 and 10 years after the operation were analyzed for the growth changes of the solidly fused bone bloc. These results were compared with the different operation techniques (e.g., anterior fusion, posterior fusion, combined anterior and posterior fusion, and anterior debridement without fusion).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients treated by anterior fusion showed the worst results with respect to the kyphotic angle. This was especially true when the lesion was located in the thoracic spine and several segments were involved. Regarding the growth ratio of the fusion bloc, only the combined fusion and the anterior debridement guaranteed an equal growth of the anterior and posterior height.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical anterior surgery for spinal tuberculosis destroys the anterior growth and limits the capacity for spinal remodeling. Therefore, it should be avoided, if it is not absolutely necessary, for the healing of the infection or the primary correction of the tuberculous deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Schulitz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kothe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wehling
mesh_terms: D016723:Bone Remodeling; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014399:Tuberculosis, Spinal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*