title: The human ALL-1/MLL/HRX antigen is predominantly localized in the nucleus of resting and proliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: The ALL-1 gene is an important regulator of embryonal and hematopoietic development, and structural variants of the human gene generated by chromosomal translocations and other genomic alterations presumably act as oncogenes in the pathogenesis of acute leukemias and other hematological malignancies. Antisera against two different epitopes of the human ALL-1 protein (anti-ALL1-N and anti-ALL1-C) were produced. Both sera revealed indistinguishable patterns of antigen localization in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In resting PBMCs, the antigen was distributed in a speckled pattern across the nuclei, with an increased density at the nuclear envelope and the nuclear indentation. In mitotically stimulated PBMCs, the antigen surrounded the condensing chromosomes but did not colocalize with chromatin or the nuclear scaffold. The antigen is considered a marker for a novel nuclear subcompartment, a perichromosomal area termed the "chromosomal envelope." In Western blot experiments, the anti-ALL1-N serum reacted with a polypeptide corresponding to the expected full-length 430-kDa ALL-1 protein. Recombinant proteins representing the AT-hook and zinc binding subdomains of the ALL-1 protein interacted in vitro with a degenerate mixture of double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Thus, the ALL-1 protein probably is a DNA-binding protein with both a sequence-unspecific (AT-hook) and a sequence-specific (zinc binding subdomains) double-stranded DNA binding mode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ennas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sorio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieddu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orlandini
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Fey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marschalek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497422:KMT2A protein, human; D008934:Mitogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase