title: Tramadol in the treatment of postanesthetic shivering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As an inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the spinal cord, the mechanism of action of tramadol resembles that of nefopam, which has been used in the treatment of postanesthetic shivering.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we assessed the effects of tramadol (0.5 mg.kg-1, 1 mg.kg-1 and 2 mg.kg-1 i.v.) or normal saline on shivering after a standardized general anesthesia in 40 adult patients, ASA physical status I or II (group 1), and in 64 adult patients regardless of the foregoing general anesthesia and ASA physical status (group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tramadol 1 mg.kg-1 or more abolished shivering completely 5 min after treatment in all patients of groups 1 and 2. In group 1, the three dosages of tramadol were not statistically different in lowering the severity and prevalence of postanesthetic shivering. Tramadol 0.5 mg.kg-1 was significantly slower than tramadol 1 or 2 mg.kg-1 in tempering the severity as well as lowering the prevalence of postanesthetic shivering in group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tramadol's distinct features in the treatment of shivering reside in its high safety profile and weak sedative properties, particularly in patients with poor cardiorespiratory reserve, in outpatients and on recurrence of shivering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, OLV-Clinic, Aalst, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Witte
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deloof
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Veylder
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Housmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012768:Shivering / Q000187:drug effects*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D014147:Tramadol