title: Invasive streptococcal infections. Report of four cases occurring in Trinidad.
abstract: Many countries are reporting a resurgence of virulent streptococcal strains but there is little information from the Caribbean. Four cases of severe invasive streptococcal infections, three of them fatal, are reported. The portal of entry was infected scabatic lesions in one patient and infected mosquito bites in another patient who developed cellulitis and gangrene; but no portal of entry was detected in the other patients. Group A beta haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) was isolated from the blood of three patients, one of them GAS M type 3, which had the genome for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A (SPeA) and B (SPeB). GAS M type 72, which had the genome for SPeB and SPeC, were isolated from the tissues (but not from the blood) of the patient who developed cellulitis and who was the sole survivor. Physicians in the Caribbean must be alerted to the presence of these virulent streptococcal strains, and must be prepared to manage serious invasive disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Swanston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago; D014774:Virulence