title: Effect of retinoic acid on prostatic development.
abstract: METHODS
  To assess the effect of retinoids on prostatic ductal branching morphogenesis, anterior prostates from newborn rats were cultured under serum-free conditions for 6 days in the presence of testosterone (10(-8) mM) plus 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA), all-trans-retinoic acid (at-RA), or N-4-hydroxyphenyl-retinamide (4-HPR). Measures of morphologic complexity were computed and compared between specimens of different treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostatic ductal growth and branching were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by both 13-cis-RA and at-RA, but not by 4-HPR. This inhibitory effect of 13-cis-RA was reversible, as the prostatic ducts resumed branching and growth after removal of retinoic acid from the culture medium. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we then investigated the expression of nuclear receptor genes for retinoic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This showed the presence of RAR-beta and RAR-gamma in the 0-day prostate, suggesting that the effects of these retinoids on ductal morphogenesis may be via these receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0738, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Aboseif
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D017313:Fenretinide; D013739:Testosterone; D014212:Tretinoin; D015474:Isotretinoin