title: A pilot study of eye movement during mammography interpretation: eyetracker results and workstation design implications.
abstract: Digital mammography can potentially improve mammography image and interpretation quality. On-line interpretation from a workstation may improve interpretation logistics and increase availability of comparison images. Interpretation of eight 4k- x 5k-pixel mammograms on two to four 2k- x 2.5k-pixel monitors is problematic because of the time spent in choosing which images display on which monitors, and zooming and roaming on individual images that are too large to display completely at full resolution. The authors used an eyetracker to measure radiologists viewing behavior during mammography interpretation with film on a viewbox. It was observed that a significant portion of the mammographers' time is spent viewing "comparison pairs" (typically two or more comparisons per case), such as the left mediolateral and craniocaudal images or old and new images. From the eyetracker measurements, we estimated that the number of image display, roam, and zoom operations decreases from an average of 64 for one monitor to 31 for four monitors, with the largest change going from one to two monitors. We also show that fewer monitors with a faster response time is superior to more monitors with a slower response time. Finally, the authors demonstrate the applicability of time-motion analysis to mammographic workstation design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7510, USA.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bream
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braeuning
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McLelland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016288:Computer Terminals / Q000592:standards*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects