title: Intestinal absorption screening of mixtures from combinatorial libraries in the Caco-2 model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding how chemical structures influence transport across the intestinal mucosa will greatly enhance the discovery of orally available drugs. In an attempt to accelerate defining such relationships between structure and transport, six arbitrary mixtures of N-substituted glycine (NSG) peptoids containing 24 physicochemically diverse compounds were evaluated in the Caco-2 model of intestinal absorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were analyzed by HPLC and the areas of the peaks representing the components of each mixture were summed to measure "aggregate" apparent permeability coefficients (Papp), a score of the influence of the common structural element within each mixture towards absorption. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical structure of Caco-2 permeable compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three linear trimeric mixtures were examined and, for each mixture, none of the components was detected in receiver chambers. It was concluded that the components of these mixtures each had a Papp value less than 0.8 x 10(-6) cm/sec, a permeability less than mannitol. Three dimeric mixtures were examined and they exhibited aggregate P(app) values of 9.2 x 10(-6), 14 x 10(-6) and 6.9 x 10(-6) cm/sec. These transport rates reflected the transport of most of the components of each mixture. Furthermore, the components of the dimeric mixtures which were transported at a rate greater than mannitol were apparently transported by passive mechanisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that mixtures can be used to study structure-transport relationships in the Caco-2 model. The information obtained from this type of study will be integrated into the design of future chemical libraries. Other potential uses of chemical mixtures with the Caco-2 model are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics Department, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, USA. eric_taylor@cc.chiron.com
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Braeckman
mesh_terms: D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005998:Glycine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010455:Peptides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D034444:Peptoids; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D034444:Peptoids; D005998:Glycine