title: Flecainide overdose: is cardiopulmonary support the treatment?
abstract: Flecainide toxicity can impair cardiac function and precipitate circulatory collapse, which in turn depresses clearance and redistribution of flecainide. Treatment directed at improving cardiac function is often ineffective in the presence of persistently increased flecainide levels. We report a novel approach to severe flecainide overdose using peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass support (CBS) to maintain perfusion of the liver, thereby allowing clearance of the drug. CBS was initiated to resuscitate a young woman who had ingested flecainide in a suicide attempt. The patient had an agonal rhythm, no effective blood pressure, and a flecainide level of 5.4 micrograms/mL (therapeutic range, .2 to 1.0 microgram/mL). During 10 hours of CBS, the flecainide level decreased to 1.4 micrograms/mL, a half-life of 6 hours. Effective cardiac rhythm and blood pressure returned. CBS successfully supported this patient until the flecainide level decreased as a result of redistribution and normal clearance mechanisms. Unfortunately, because of severe neurologic damage sustained at the time of overdose, the patient died 4 days after admission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Culclasure
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Freed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005424:Flecainide / Q000506:poisoning*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D005424:Flecainide