title: A combination of focusing and defocusing through yoga reduces optical illusion more than focusing alone.
abstract: The degree of optical illusion was assessed using standard Muller-Lyer lines in two groups (yoga and control) of thirty subjects each. All subjects were between eighteen and forty two years of age. The difference between the reading at which the lines were actually equal and the reading at which the subject felt them to be equal, was noted as the degree of illusion ("di"). Each subject was assessed at the beginning and end of a month. During the month the yoga group received training in yoga, while the control group carried on with their usual routine. At the end of the month the yoga group showed a significant (two factor ANOVA, Tukey test, P < .001) decrease in the "di" (86%), whereas the control group showed no change. The improvement following yoga could be attributed to the combination of focusing and defocusing involved in yoga practice, as these factors are known to influence the "di". Previous results which mentioned a 79% decrease in "di" with focusing alone, provided a comparison.
authors.affiliation: Vivekananda Kendra Yoga Research Foundation, Bangalore.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagarathna
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vani
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Nagendra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009903:Optical Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015013:Yoga