title: Interleukin-6 expression after renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in transplant rejection. We tested the hypothesis that IL-6 levels in serum or urine could be of value in predicting acute and chronic allograft rejection. Furthermore, we examined whether or not such levels reflected IL-6 expression in the kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured IL-6 and IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR) in serum and urine of 145 transplant patients and 20 normal controls. In parallel, we studied 108 renal biopsies. IL-6 was measured with a bioassay system using an IL-6 dependent cell line. IL-6sR was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biopsies were examined for IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rejection episodes occurring within 2 months of transplantation were accompanied by elevated IL-6 concentrations in serum (17 +/- 4.8 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and urine (114 +/- 27 pg/ml, P < 0.005), compared to controls. These values returned towards baseline (0-5 pg/ml) after successful rejection treatment. The sensitivity of urine measurements was much higher (93%) than serum (54%). The specificity in serum (70%) and urine (60%) was reduced by infection, acute tubular necrosis, and antithymocyte globulin treatment. Serum and urine IL-6sR values did not correlate with rejection. In biopsy tissue, IL-6 and IL-6R were both elevated during rejection. Especially, mononuclear cells within the interstitial infiltrate stained positive. However, the amount of IL-6 positive cells did not correlate with peripheral IL-6 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine but not serum IL-6 values are sensitive indicators of rejection; however, they are confounded by infection, acute tubular necrosis, and certain antirejection treatments. These features limit their usefulness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waiser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katalinic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuerzdörfer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Neumayer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000378:metabolism*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6