title: Under use of coronary angiography: application of a clinical method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the extent of under use of coronary angiography and to determine whether women, ethnic minorities and poor and uninsured patients are less likely than their counterparts to receive necessary coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study employing chart review and patient interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four teaching hospitals: three government owned (public) and one private university medical center in Los Angeles, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty two patients who had a positive exercise stress test between 1 January 1990 and 30 June 1991 and met explicitly defined criteria for the necessity of coronary angiography established by a multidisciplinary expert panel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of patients who received necessary coronary angiography within 3 and 12 months following exercise stress testing, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 43% received necessary coronary angiography within 3 months and 56% within 12 months of the stress test. Women were less likely than men to receive necessary coronary angiography. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.90 for angiography within 3 months of the stress test; AOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.77 for angiography within 12 months of the stress test. Public hospital patients underwent necessary coronary angiography less often than private hospital patients. AOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23-0.79 for within 3 months; AOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30-0.91 for within 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under use of coronary angiography can be measured and occurs to a significant degree. It is important to develop standards of quality to address and safeguard against under use of necessary medical care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services, UCLA, USA. laouri_ma@al.phs.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laouri
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leake
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Borowsky
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D016304:Hospitals, Private; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D018579:Patient Selection; D011203:Poverty; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014930:Women