title: Factors associated with joint pain among postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate potential factors associated with joint pain among postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and ninety postmenopausal Japanese-American women from the Hawaii Osteoporosis Study (age: 55-93 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for this study were collected at the 1992-1994 examination of the Hawaii Osteoporosis Study, except that data on spinal osteoarthritis were obtained based on radiographs at examinations before 1987. Information on painful joints at a variety of skeletal sites, smoking, and physical activity was collected by questionnaire. Bone density was measured at the lumbar spine, distal and proximal radius, and heel. Quantitative bone ultrasound was also measured at the heel. Prevalent vertebral fractures were identified on lateral spine radiographs using 3 s.d. below the normal population mean as the cutoff. Non-spine fractures were identified based on self-report, and were verified using medical records.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cross-sectional analysis, bone density, quantitative bone ultrasound, prevalent vertebral fractures, and non-spine fracture were not significantly associated with joint pain. Greater body weight or body mass index were significantly and positively associated with joint pain at most weight-bearing joints. The results suggest that a substantial proportion of joint pain at these sites could be prevented by avoidance of excess weight, provided the association is causative. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the observed cross-sectional associations.
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Osteoporosis Center, Honolulu 96814, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lydick
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wasnich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001213:Asian; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires