title: Fasting gastric fluid and fecal polyamine concentrations in premature infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of milk polyamines in the development of the gastrointestinal tract of human infants is presently unknown. Polyamine concentrations are higher in human milk than in infant formulas. The aim of the present study was to gather data on luminal polyamines by measuring gastric fluid and fecal polyamine concentrations in premature infants during the postnatal period. We further compared gastric fluid polyamine concentrations with those reported for milk and looked for possible relationships between luminal polyamine concentrations, age, and growth rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the measurement of polyamine concentrations in both fecal and gastric fluid samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninetieth centiles for gastric polyamines during the first week were 62, 28, 82, and 14 microM for putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine, respectively. These values are higher than those reported for human milk and infant formulas. Polyamine concentrations were unrelated to either age or growth rate. Ninetieth centiles for fecal polyamines during the first week were 7668, 5176, 53, and 75 microM for cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting gastric fluid polyamine concentrations in premature infants are higher than those reported for either human milk or infant formulas. The high fecal cadaverine and putrescine concentrations are probably of bacterial origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, AZM Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Forget
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Degraeuwe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Deutz
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005215:Fasting; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000032:analysis*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D013095:Spermidine / Q000032:analysis; D013096:Spermine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011073:Polyamines; D013096:Spermine; D002103:Cadaverine; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine