title: Pulmonary resection as an adjunct in the treatment of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past decade the incidence of pulmonary disease due to drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has increased worldwide. We reviewed our local experience to clarify the benefits and risks of pulmonary resection in the management of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of 62 patients undergoing pulmonary resection for drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between January 1990 and November 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three percent were men and 47% women with an average age of 34 years (range, 16 to 72 years). There was one postoperative death, for a perioperative (30-day) mortality of 1.6%. Sixteen complications occurred in 14 patients for an overall morbidity of 23%. Eighteen of 24 patients (75%) who were persistently sputum positive at the time of operation immediately converted to a negative sputum smear and culture. For all patients who were sputum negative after operation 80% remain relapse-free by actuarial analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that operation plays an important ancillary role in the treatment of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The operation can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality and must be combined with appropriate and well-monitored pre- and postoperative antituberculous drug therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Leuven
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Shean
authors.forename: U O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: von Oppell
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Willcox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents