title: Endoscopic, histologic and microbiologic evaluation of upper abdominal pain with special reference to Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study children with significant upper abdominal pain of unidentifiable etiology and evaluate: (a) the relationship of pain to inflammatory esophago-gastro-duodenal lesions and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, and (b) the response to specific therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric section of a tertiary referral gastroenterology center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty three consecutive children with significant upper abdominal pain [mean age 9.9 +/- 2.7, range 4-15 years; 20 males] were subjected to upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and antral mucosal biopsies obtained for rapid urease test (RUT), Gram's staining of impression/crush smears and culture for HP and histologic examination. Patients with HP gastritis were treated with triple therapy, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, amoxycillin and metronidazole, for two weeks. At 8 weeks from the initiation of therapy, patients were re-evaluated for symptoms and HP eradication by repeat endoscopy and antral biopsies. Patients with esophagitis, gastritis and duodenitis without HP infection were treated with ranitidine for 6 weeks. All the patients were followed up for 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histology revealed antral gastritis in 28/33 (85%) patients. HP infection was present in 12/28 (43%) patients with antral gastritis. Symptomatic improvement with triple therapy was observed in 10/12 (83%) patients with HP gastritis and eradication of HP in 5/7. Improvement on ranitidine therapy was observed in 12/16 (75%) patients with HP negative gastritis. On follow-up, no patient with initial improvement with therapy had relapse of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptomatic children with HP related gastritis should be treated with triple therapy and HP negative gastritis with H2-receptor antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (Pediatric GE), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yachha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanduri
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayyagari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000382:microbiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004382:Duodenitis / Q000382:microbiology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies