title: Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression by extracellular signal-related kinase-dependent and Ca2+-dependent signal pathways in Rat-1 cells.
abstract: Stimulation of Rat-1 cells with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in a biphasic, sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). Pretreatment of Rat-1 cells with either cycloheximide or sodium orthovanadate had little effect on the early peak of ERK1 activity but potentiated the sustained phase. Cycloheximide also potentiated ERK1 activation in Rat-1 cells expressing DeltaRaf-1:ER, an estradiol-regulated form of the oncogenic, human Raf-1. Since cycloheximide did not potentiate MEK activity but abrogated the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1) normally seen in response to EGF and LPA, we speculated that the level of MKP-1 expression may be an important regulator of ERK1 activity in Rat-1 cells. Inhibition of LPA-stimulated MEK and ERK activation with PD98059 and pertussis toxin, a selective inhibitor of Gi-protein-coupled signaling pathways, reduced LPA-stimulated MKP-1 expression by only 50%, suggesting the presence of additional MEK- and ERK-independent pathways for MKP-1 expression. Specific activation of the MEK/ERK pathway by DeltaRaf-1:ER had little or no effect on MKP-1 expression, suggesting that activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is necessary but not sufficient for MKP-1 expression in Rat-1 cells. Activation of PKC played little part in growth factor-stimulated MKP-1 expression, but LPA- and EGF-induced MKP-1 expression was blocked by buffering [Ca2+]i, leading to a potentiation of the sustained phase of ERK1 activation without potentiating MEK activity. In Rat-1DeltaRaf-1:ER cells, we observed a strong synergy of MKP-1 expression when cells were stimulated with estradiol in the presence of ionomycin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or okadaic acid under conditions where these agents did not synergize for ERK activation. These results suggest that activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is insufficient to induce expression of MKP-1 but instead requires other signals, such as Ca2+, to fully reconstitute the response seen with growth factors. In this way, ERK-dependent and -independent signals may regulate MKP-1 expression, the magnitude of sustained ERK1 activity, and therefore gene expression.
authors.affiliation: ONYX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Richmond, California 94806, USA. simon@iserver.onyx-pharm.com
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beltman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cadwallader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D003513:Cycloheximide; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D002118:Calcium