Protection of monkeys vaccinated with vpr- and/or nef-defective simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 chimeric viruses: a potential candidate live-attenuated human AIDS vaccine.
Two simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac (SIVmac)/human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) chimeric viruses (SHIVs), designated NM-3 and NM-3n, with env derived from HIV-1 and defective vpr (plus defective nef for NM-3), were inoculated into seven macaques. These macaques were transiently or persistently infected and most of them produced long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and Env-specific killer T cells to HIV-1 with no AIDS-like symptoms. When they were challenged with another SHIV with intact vpr and nef (designated NM-3rN), all were protected as judged by virus recovery, DNA detection by PCR and antibody responses. Anti-HIV-1 Env-specific killer T cells were considered to have played a major role in this protection, but a non-specific defence mechanism as well as specific immunity also appeared to be involved. Thus, these two non-pathogenic SHIVs induced long-lasting protective immunities in macaques, suggesting the possibility of gene-defective SHIVs as attenuated live vaccines for human use.
Igarashi
T
T
Laboratory of Pathogenic Virus, Kyoto University, Japan.
Ami
Y
Y
Yamamoto
H
H
Shibata
R
R
Kuwata
T
T
Mukai
R
R
Shinohara
K
K
Komatsu
T
T
Adachi
A
A
Hayami
M
M
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000276:immunology; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000276:immunology*; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus