title: Repeat treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with a murine anti-intercellular adhesion molecule 1 monoclonal antibody.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of a second course of treatment with a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open-label study, 8 patients who had previously received a course of anti-ICAM-1 MAb received a second course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The second course of therapy was associated with adverse effects suggestive of immune complex formation. Such adverse effects were not seen during the initial course of therapy. Clinical efficacy associated with the second course of therapy was less than that observed in the first course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated courses of therapy with a murine MAb to ICAM-1 would probably not be a useful therapeutic strategy in patients with RA, probably because of its immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235-8577, USA.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulze-Koops
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lipsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000628:therapy*; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014581:Urticaria / Q000139:chemically induced; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma