title: Ethical conflicts reported by Certified Nephrology Nurses (CNNs) practicing in dialysis settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the investigators was to describe and classify ethical conflicts experienced by Certified Nephrology Nurses (CNNs) practicing in dialysis settings in four eastern states and the District of Columbia, and to explore associated demographic, educational, and practice setting factors associated with these ethical conflicts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive survey design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  All members of the American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA) who were CNNs working in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, and a random sample of those in New York State and Pennsylvania were contacted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Those CNNs working in dialysis settings were asked to complete the Demographic Data Form and the Moral Conflict Questionnaire developed by Fry (1990). Eighty-eight met inclusion criteria, agreed to participate, and described ethical conflicts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By far the most common practice context for the described ethical conflicts were decisions about discontinuation or initiation of dialysis (69%). Participants were clear about the moral problem and ethical principles involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants reported being involved in serious ethical conflicts about patient care. Since two-thirds were not resolved, further research should investigate whether existing mechanisms in practice settings for resolution of ethical conflicts are not working or are not being used by nurses.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, USA.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008873:Mid-Atlantic Region; D008875:Middle Aged; D009398:Nephrology; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000451:nursing*; D013041:Specialties, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014768:Virginia; D028761:Withholding Treatment