title: Characterization and localization of an ATP diphosphohydrolase activity (EC 3.6.1.5) in sarcolemmal membrane from rat heart.
abstract: In the present report we describe an ATP diphosphohydrolase (apyrase EC 3.6.1.5) in rat cardiac sarcolemma. It is Ca2+ dependent and is insensitive to ouabain, orthovanadate, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), lanthanum, and oligomycin that are classical ATPase inhibitors. Sodium azide that is a mitochondrial inhibitor at low concentrations, did not affect the enzyme activity at 5.0 mM or below. In contrast, at high concentrations (> 10 mM) sodium azide inhibited the enzyme. Levamisole, a specific inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase and P1, P5-di(adenosine 5'-)pentaphosphate (Ap5A), a specific inhibitor of adenylate kinase did not inhibit the enzyme. Mercury chloride showed a parallel inhibition of the hydrolysis of both substrates of apyrase. Similar inhibition profiles are powerful evidence for a common catalytic site for the hydrolysis of both substrates. The enzyme has an optimum pH range of 7.5-8.0 and catalyzes the hydrolysis of triphospho- and diphosphonucleosides other than ATP or ADP. The apparent Km (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximal velocity) are 62.1 +/- 5.2 microM and 1255.7 +/- 178 micromol inorganic phosphate liberated/min/mg with ATP and 59.4 +/- 4.3 microM and 269.2 +/- 39 micromol inorganic phosphate liberated/min/mg with ADP. Enzyme markers indicated that this apyrase is associated with the plasma membrane. A deposition of lead phosphate granules on the outer surface of the sarcolemmal vesicles was observed by electron microscopy in the presence of either ATP or ADP as substrate. It is suggested that the ATP diphosphohydrolase could regulate the concentration of extracellular adenosine, and thus is important in the control of vascular tone and coronary flow.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Santa Maria, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menezes de Oliveira
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oliveira Battastini
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Meirelles
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menezes Moreira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dutra Dias
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Freitas Sarkis
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001081:Apyrase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D001081:Apyrase