title: Corneal endothelial protection by different viscoelastics during phacoemulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate corneal endothelium morphology and function after phacoemulsification using different viscoelastics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye Clinic, University of Trieste, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized study included results of preoperative and postoperative (7, 30, and 90 days) examinations of 66 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification without ocular pathology; 8 patients were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups based on type of viscoelastic used: 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon); 1.4% sodium hyaluronate (Healon GV); 4% sodium chondroitin sulfate-3% sodium hyaluronate (Viscoat); 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Hymecel). Mean cell density and cell size variation coefficient were determined by specular microscopy; central corneal thickness, by ultrasonic pachymetry; and endothelial permeability coefficient and active pump function, by anterior segment fluorophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in postoperative mean cell loss among the groups. The cell size variation coefficient was altered in all groups 7 days after surgery and was still impaired at 30 days in the Hymecel group. A significant increase in mean corneal thickness, endothelial permeability, and active pump function occurred in the Healon and Hymecel groups 7 days after surgery. These parameters were still altered 30 days after surgery in the Hymecel group. Endothelial functional alterations did not occur in the Healon GV or Viscoat group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viscoat and Healon GV are effective in minimizing functional damage of endothelial structure in the early medium-term postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Oculistica, Università di Trieste, Ospedale Maggiore, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravalico
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tognetto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baccara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lovisato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002807:Chondroitin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C501944:chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate drug combination; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008747:Methylcellulose; D002807:Chondroitin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates