title: Acute epididymitis in boys: are antibiotics indicated?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of using supportive therapy only, rather than antibiotics, in managing boys with acute sterile epididymitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1991 to 1995, 48 boys presented with acute epididymitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by radionuclide scan in 43 cases, ultrasonography in one, surgical exploration in one and physical examination in three. Urine was collected for microscopy and culture: if pyuria was detected, antibiotics were prescribed. If the urine analysis was normal, the patient was advised to minimize physical activity and analgesics were prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 48 boys, five (10%) had pyuria; seven patients with either no urine tested or negative urine culture were given antibiotics. The remaining 36 were managed with supportive therapy only. The mean follow-up was 87 days (with three patients lost to follow-up). No boys showed any evidence of testicular atrophy or other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a minority of boys with acute epididymitis, as defined by increased flow on radionuclide scanning of the scrotum, have a bacterial aetiology. For those without pyuria or positive urine culture, the condition is self-limiting and does not lead to testicular atrophy. We recommend that for boys with acute epididymitis who have no urinary abnormalities, antibiotics are not indicated. The aetiology of acute sterile epididymitis in boys remains obscure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giacomantonio
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents