title: Clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction: an independent determinant of mortality among critically ill patients. Is there a role for serial measurement of cardiac troponin I?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative importance of clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction and unrecognized cardiac injury to hospital mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, blinded, single-center study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical ICU of Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, a university-affiliated teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty adult patients requiring admission to the medical ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily blood collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of cardiac dysfunction (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, or congestive heart failure) as determined by the physicians responsible for the care of the patient. Daily measurement of levels of cardiac troponin I, a sensitive, highly specific, and long-lived marker of myocardial injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five (21.2%) patients had clinical evidence of cardiac dysfunction, among whom 22 (40%) had an elevated level of cardiac troponin I. A total of 41 (15.8%) patients had evidence of acute myocardial injury based on elevated levels of cardiac troponin I. Patients with clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction had a significantly greater hospital mortality rate compared to patients without clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction (45.5% vs 10.2%; p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with elevated blood levels of cardiac troponin I had a greater hospital mortality rate compared to patients without elevated blood levels of cardiac troponin I (26.8% vs 16.0%; p = 0.095). Multiple logistic-regression analysis controlling for potential confounding variables demonstrated that the presence of clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.9 to 4.8; p = 0.016). However, having an elevated blood level of cardiac troponin I was not found to be an independent determinant of hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among critically ill medical patients, clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction is an independent determinant of hospital mortality. The identification of unrecognized cardiac injury, using serial measurements of cardiac troponin I, did not independently contribute to the prediction of hospital mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medeicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kollef
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ladenson
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I