title: Restoration of the G1 checkpoint and the apoptotic pathway mediated by wild-type p53 sensitizes squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant number of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) resist radiation treatment, the most common form of adjuvant therapy for this disease. The presence of a mutant form of the tumor suppressor gene p53 has been correlated with disruption of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and reduced cell cycle arrest, resulting in increased radiation resistance and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We introduced by means of an adenoviral vector a functional p53 gene into a radiation-resistant SCCHN cell line that harbors mutant p53. Replacement of wild-type p53 restored the G1 block and apoptosis in these cells in vitro. Moreover, introduction of wild-type p53 sensitized SCCHN-induced mouse xenografts to radiotherapy in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of p53 replacement gene therapy with conventional radiotherapy may treat SCCHN more effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rait
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fee
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Pirollo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53