title: Evaluation and treatment of primary esophageal motility disorders.
abstract: Achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and nutcracker esophagus constitute the main primary esophageal motility disorders. During the past decade major progress has been made in understanding their pathophysiology and in the ability to establish a precise diagnosis. In addition, minimally invasive surgical intervention has radically changed the therapeutic approach, and thoracoscopic or laparoscopic myotomy is probably the best treatment for most patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Medical Center 94143-0788, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Way
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D015155:Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D011379:Prognosis