title: Evaluation of shading of fish farming ponds as a larval control measure against Anopheles sundaicus Rodenwaldt (Diptera:Culicidae).
abstract: Larval density of Anopheles sundaicus in shaded and unshaded fish farming ponds was monitored at a coastal village in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The average density in the experimentally shaded ponds with Nipa leaves was reduced to < 1/10. Disappearance of algae and decline of water temperature also were observed, but the salinity did not change. The larval density was lower in ponds with Tilapia sp than without fish, but that in ponds with Ophiocephalus sp was not significantly lower. Dominant insects collected by dipping were Agrionidae and Libellulidae (Odonata), Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae (Hemiptera), and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Density of nymphs of both Odonata and Notonectidae was higher in unshaded ponds. Taking into account longevity of the materials, and easiness in construction and applicability, shading by Nipa leaves was an easy and effective larval control measure against A. sundaicus in non-operating small fish farming ponds if leaves were renewed once in every two months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology, Nagasaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pohan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasibuan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Panjaitan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000254:growth & development*; D005399:Fishes; D007214:Indonesia; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011156:Population Density; D013472:Sunlight; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water