title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 represses integrin- and vitronectin-mediated cell migration independently of its function as an inhibitor of plasminogen activation.
abstract: Cell migration involves the integrins, their extracellular matrix ligands, and pericellular proteolytic enzyme systems. We have studied the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cell migration, using human amnion WISH cells and human epidermoid carcinoma HEp-2 cells in an assay measuring migration from microcarrier beads and a modified Boyden-chamber assay. Active, but not latent or reactive center-cleaved, PAI-1 inhibited migration. A PAI-1 mutant without ability to inhibit plasminogen activation was as active as wild-type PAI-1 as a migration inhibitor, showing that inhibition of plasminogen activation was not involved. PAI-1 specifically interfered with intergrin- and vitronectin-mediated migration: Migration onto vitronectin-coated but not onto fibronectin-coated surfaces was inhibited by PAI-1, a cyclic RGD peptide inhibited migration, and both cell lines expressed vitronectin-binding alpha v-integrins. In addition, active PAI-1, but not latent or reactive center-cleaved PAI-1, inhibited vitronectin binding to integrins in an in vitro binding assay, without affecting binding of fibronectin. Monoclonal antibodies against the urokinase receptor, another vitronectin binding protein, did not affect cell migration in the beads assay, while some inhibitory effect was observed in the Boyden-chamber assay. We conclude that PAI-1, independently of its role as a proteinase inhibitor, inhibits cell migration by competing for vitronectin binding to integrins, while the interference of PAI-1 with binding of vitronectin to the urokinase receptor may play a secondary role. These data define a novel function for the serpin PAI-1, enabling it to regulate cell migration over vitronectin-rich extracellular matrix in the body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Arhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kjøller
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kanse
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Rodenburg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rønne
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Preissner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ossowski
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Andreasen
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000502:physiology; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016023:Integrins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D019096:Vitronectin; C106218:glycyl-penicillamyl-glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-prolyl-cysteinyl-alanyl; D010958:Plasminogen; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator