title: Susceptibility of immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari:Ixodidae) to plant-derived acaricides.
abstract: Plant-derived acaricides, extracted from various botanical species, and commercially available phytochemicals were evaluated for biological activity against immature Ixodes scapularis (Say) using the disposable pipet method. In addition, residual activity of the plant extracts was determined. Of the 13 plant extracts tested, 9 exhibited biological activity with Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach., being the most effective against the nymphal ticks (LC50 = 0.151% wt:vol) and eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana L., showing the greatest activity against larval ticks (LC50 = .001% wt:vol). The commercially available products were significantly less active than the plant extracts we prepared, but some commercial compounds did exhibit limited activity. Only the Alaska yellow cedar exhibited any residual activity that lasted 21 d after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Panella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karchesy
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Maupin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Malan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piesman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides; D018884:Ixodes; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010944:Plants; D013983:Tick Control
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides