title: Erythropoietin and sexual dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erythropoietin (rHuEpo) therapy has been shown to improve sexual function in the male dialysis population, with several studies suggesting a direct effect upon endocrine function, as well as correction of anaemia. Nevertheless many male dialysis patients receiving rHuEpo continue to complain of sexual dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  At a dedicated renal impotence clinic, 65 male dialysis patients were screened for endocrine disturbances. Baseline serum sex hormones were compared between those receiving and not receiving rHuEpo, using either the two-sample t test or the Mann-Whitney U test, after assessing for normality. Results from four patients were excluded on account of either medications (antiemetic phenothiazines), hepatic dysfunction, or carcinomatosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five patients (41.0%) were receiving rHuEpo, the recipients and non-recipients being well matched for haemoglobin (10.19 +/- 0.29 vs 10.55 +/- 0.25 g/dl, n.s.), age (51.1 +/- 1.9 vs 53.6 +/- 2.1 years, n.s.) and duration of sexual dysfunction (median, 3.0 vs 3.0 years, n.s.). The rHuEpo recipients had a higher median creatinine (1090 vs 972 micromol/l, P < 0.02), but similar nutritional status to the non-recipients (albumin 41.0 vs 39.0 g/l, n.s.). The total duration of rHuEpo therapy was 0.85 +/- 0.14 years. Prolactin levels were similar in both the rHuEpo recipients and non-recipients (440 vs 541 mu/l, n.s.), as were LH (11.0 vs 10.5 iu/l, n.s.) and FSH (8.0 vs 6.5 iu/l, n.s.). However, there were significant elevations of testosterone (19.8 +/- 1.3 vs 16.1 +/- 1.1 nmol/l, P < 0.05) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (40.5 vs 26.0 nmol/l, P < 0.01), with a trend toward elevated oestradiol (304 vs 248 pmol/l, P = 0.095) in the rHuEpo-treated group. Forty-eight subjects (78.7%) received peritoneal dialysis (PD), with the 19 rHuEpo recipients (39.6%) demonstrating increased serum testosterone (21.0 +/- 1.5 vs 16.6 +/- 1.3 nmol/l, P < 0.05), SHBG (40.5 vs 26.5 nmol/l, P < 0.01), LH (15.0 vs 10.0 iu/l, P < 0.01) and FSH (12.0 vs 5.3 iu/l, P < 0.05). These differences were not demonstrated in the 13 haemodialysis (HD) subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male dialysis patients complaining of sexual dysfunction after correction of anaemia with rHuEpo are characterized by higher levels of serum testosterone and SHBG, but not suppression of hyperprolactinaemia or hyperoestrogenism. Male PD subjects receiving rHuEpo also demonstrated increased LH and FSH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Howlett
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feehally
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walls
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone