title: Cooperative effect of calcium binding to adjacent troponin molecules on the thin filament-myosin subfragment 1 MgATPase rate.
abstract: The myosin subfragment 1 (S1) MgATPase rate was measured using thin filaments with known extents of Ca2+ binding controlled by varying the ratio of native cardiac troponin versus an inhibitory troponin with a mutation in the sole regulatory Ca2+ binding site of troponin C. Fractional MgATPase activation was less than the fraction of troponins that bound Ca2+, implying a cooperative effect of bound Ca2+ on cross-bridge cycling. Addition of phalloidin did not alter cooperative effects between bound Ca2+ molecules in the presence or absence of myosin S1. When the myosin S1 concentration was raised sufficiently to introduce cooperative myosin-myosin effects, lower Ca2+ concentrations were needed to activate the MgATPase rate. MgATPase activation remained less than Ca2+ binding, implying a true, not just an apparent, increase in Ca2+ affinity. MgATPase activation by Ca2+ was more cooperative than could be explained by cooperativeness of overall Ca2+ binding, the discrepancy between Ca2+ binding and MgATPase activation, or interactions between myosins. The results suggest the thin filament-myosin S1 MgATPase cycle requires calcium binding to adjacent troponin molecules and that this binding is cooperatively promoted by a single cycling cross-bridge. This mechanism is a potential explanation for Ca2+-mediated regulation of cross-bridge kinetics in muscle fibers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Butters
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tobacman
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tobacman
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015879:Myosin Subfragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D014336:Troponin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015879:Myosin Subfragments; D014336:Troponin; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D002118:Calcium