title: Koningic acid (a potent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor)-induced fragmentation and condensation of DNA in NG108-15 cells.
abstract: We examined nitric oxide (NO)-induced cell death in NG108-15 cells using NO donors. Both sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine caused lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from NG108-15 cells. NO is known to increase the amount of radioisotopic labeled glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the presence of [32P]NAD and to inhibit the enzyme activity. To clarify the relationship between the NO-induced inhibition of GAPDH activity and cell death, we studied the effect of koningic acid (KA), a potent selective inhibitor of GAPDH. Both SNP and KA elicited LDH leakage, chromosomal condensation, and fragmentation of nuclei in NG108-15 cells. Gel electrophoretic analysis of cellular DNA extracted from SNP- and KA-treated cells revealed the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation typical of apoptosis in these cultures. The results suggested that in NG108-15 cells, (a) the inhibition of GAPDH activity results in apoptosis and (b) SNP-induced cell death is partly due to the NO-induced inhibition of GAPDH, perhaps by stimulating the binding of NAD to GAPDH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D005910:Glioma; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006822:Hybrid Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C027285:heptelidic acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases