title: Functional intactness of stimulatory and inhibitory autocrine loops in human renal carcinoma cell lines of the clear cell type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to analyze the contribution of different stimulatory and inhibitory growth factors to the deregulated proliferation of human RCCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of different growth factors and their corresponding receptors were analyzed by Northern blot, FACS, ELISA and immunocytochemistry in 13 permanent human RCC cell lines of the clear cell type. Moreover, the functional intactness of growth factor-related signal transduction pathways was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All RCC cell lines expressed EGF-receptor mRNA and protein and 10 cell lines secreted TGF-alpha. Exogeneously added TGF-alpha resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) stimulation of growth in 6 RCC cell lines and a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of proliferation in 3 cell lines. PDGF B and the corresponding type beta receptor were expressed in a single cell line. mRNA expression of PDGF A and PDGF-alpha-receptor as well as IGF-1 and its receptor could not be detected in any cell line. Eleven RCC cell lines expressed TGF-beta 1 mRNA and in all cell lines TGF-beta 1 secretion into the supernatant could be demonstrated. Whereas all cell lines exhibited TGF-beta type II-receptor mRNA, type I-receptor mRNA could be detected only in 3 cell lines. TGF-beta type III-receptor was observed in 1 cell line. Exogeneously added TGF-beta1 resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of proliferation in 7 RCC cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clear cell RCCs exhibit a complex and heterogeneous expression pattern for various growth factors and their receptors. Growth factor secretion and intact signal transduction pathways in most clear cell RCCs facilitate an intricate modulation of RCC growth by autocrine and paracrine interactions between tumor cells and host tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaquet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schardt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Friebe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nitsch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gabbert
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gerharz
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D012313:RNA; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor