title: Malignancy associated with hepatolithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malignancy is known to be associated with hepatolithiasis. The present report summarizes the results of our management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma associated with hepatolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with cholangiocarcinoma and associated hepatolithiasis were analyzed retrospectively. There were 12 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 59.3 years. The clinical records of these patients were reviewed to determine demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnostic tests, operative management and results of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient was moribund on presentation and was treated conservatively. Fourteen patients underwent hepatic resection. Three of them had palliative resection. Hepatic resection was less likely to be performed in patients having right lobe disease (50%) as compared to patients having left lobe disease (90%) (p = NS). The overall operative morbidity and mortality rates after hepatic resection were 36% and 7%, respectively. Non-resective operations were performed in five patients. The overall operative morbidity and mortality rates after non-resective operations were 20% and 0%, respectively. After curative hepatic resection (11 patients), the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 81% and 51%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A suspicion of malignancy is necessary in managing patients with hepatolithiasis. Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for cholangiocarcinoma when it is resectable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome