title: Venlafaxine: a novel antidepressant that has a dual mechanism of action.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder that is associated with a range of psychiatric disturbances. The pathophysiology of MDD is commonly believed to involve the reduced availability of the monoamines, serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), the enhancement of which is also believed to mediate, at least in part, the therapeutic effects of antidepressants. The first-generation antidepressants, the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), provide considerable efficacy but have several limitations, including (1) delayed onset of action, (2) intolerable or distressing side effects, (3) low therapeutic index, and (4) a significant proportion of nonresponders. The second-generation antidepressants, the selective-serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), mitigate some of the side effects associated with the TCAs by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of 5-HT. Venlafaxine is a new antidepressant that blocks reuptake of both 5-HT and NE. It, like the SSRIs, has a relatively benign side-effect profile. In addition, it may exert a rapid onset of action, and it appears to be particularly effective in moderate-to-severe depression and in patients who have treatment-refractory depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ninan
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nemeroff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride