title: Patterns of care for cancer of the larynx in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess case-mix characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes for laryngeal cancer using the largest series of patients to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses performed on retrospectively collected survey data submitted by hospitals for diagnostic periods 1980 through 1985 and 1990 through 1992 (with a 9-year follow-up for the long-term group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Broad spectrum of US hospitals (N = 769).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutively accrued series of patients with laryngeal cancer (N = 16,936), with only squamous cell carcinomas (N = 16,213) analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analyses of case-mix, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics plus recurrence and 5-year, disease-specific survival outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a slight increase across these years in stage IV disease and in radiation therapy (with or without surgery and/or chemotherapy). Overall diversity of management of this disease (by site and stage) was apparent. Five-year survival rates indicated a large difference between modified groupings of the T and N classifications, separating stages III and IV cases into localized disease (87.5% for T1-T2; 76.0% for T3-T4 cases) and regional metastasis (46.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of improvements in entering data in hospital records (most commendably, staging), more rigorous standards are needed. Also, the small increase in advanced-stage patients indicates that efforts toward early detection have not been successful. The rise in radiation therapy perhaps reflected an increased use of nonsurgical treatment for early-stage patients and organ-sparing radiochemotherapy protocols for advanced-stage patients. Regrouping stages III and IV cases into localized disease vs regional metastasis appears to predict survival better. Ongoing refinements of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging scheme will hopefully improve this cancer's classification.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Karnell
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ariyan
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fee
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goepfert
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ossoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fremgen
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology