title: Neurophysiological signs of cocaine dependence: increased electroencephalogram beta during withdrawal.
abstract: To determine whether a central nervous system marker of cocaine dependence might exist, the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) of 33 drug-free, cocaine-dependent men (DSM-III-R criteria) was compared with two control groups [nondrug group (n = 10) and drug group who abused drugs, but were not cocaine dependent (n = 20)]. The EEG was recorded from eight sites after about 10 days of monitored abstinence (range 4-15 days) on a closed research ward for the drug-using individuals. The EEG was recorded for the nondrug control group as outpatients. The drug history was determined by the drug history questionnaire and a medical screening interview. The percent of EEG beta activity for the cocaine-dependent subjects was greater than that of both control groups (p < .05) as well as a normative database (HZI: Tarrytown, NY). The percent of EEG beta in frontal and central areas of the cocaine-dependent individuals was correlated with the frequency of cocaine use during the last 30 days. High levels of EEG beta may be a neurophysiological withdrawal sign in cocaine-dependent men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Herning
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Better
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Weinhold
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cadet
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gorelick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001611:Beta Rhythm; D003042:Cocaine; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine