title: Novel fluorinated surfactants for perfluorochemical emulsification: biocompatibility assessments of glycosidic and polyol derivatives.
abstract: A novel series of fluoro-surfactants, derived from glycosides (monosaccharides) or polyols (ureas or carbamates), have been produced for use in respiratory gas-carrying perfluorochemical emulsions. Compounds were synthesised via simple, but highly selective, routes using highly fluorinated isocyanates with amino alcohols, polyethoxylated alcohols and partially protected sugars at anomeric carbon; yields were 88-95%. Resultant compounds were perfluoroalkylated with hydroxylic "head" groups. The biocompatibility of surfactants with human blood in vitro was assessed using a conventional haemolysis test. Compounds showing insignificant haemolysis at up to 10 g l-1 were further evaluated (i) for their effects on neutrophil chemiluminescence, and (ii) in a human platelet aggregation assay. Some fluoro-surfactants inhibited spontaneous platelet aggregation, in blood anti-coagulated with hirudin, at concentrations of 0.01% (w/v), suggesting possible applications as antithrombotic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, U.K.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trabelsi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cambon
mesh_terms: D000665:Ampholyte Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008422:Materials Testing; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000665:Ampholyte Mixtures; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006027:Glycosides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011108:Polymers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C024617:polyol