title: Maturational regulation and regional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat brain: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: We explored the constitutive expression, maturational regulation, and relation to kainic-acid-induced apoptosis of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA in rat brain. In adult rats, COX-2 mRNA was expressed primarily in limbic structures. Constitutive COX-2 mRNA expression increased markedly between Postnatal Day 7 (P7) and P14, reaching adult levels by P21. Despite intense KA-induced seizures, no COX-2 mRNA induction was found before P14 in any brain region examined. During response to KA-induced seizures in adult brain, COX-2 mRNA induction paralleled temporally and overlapped anatomically the appearance of cellular morphological features of apoptosis in subsets of cells of the pyramidal neuron layer of the hippocampal formation, amygdaloid complex, and pyriform cortex. While COX-2 mRNA showed KA-induced elevation in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, no detectable morphological features of apoptosis were found in this region. Finally, monotypic culture of rat corticohippocampal neurons confirmed the neuronal expression of COX-2 in vitro and revealed that COX-2 is induced during response to glutamate treatment, leading to neuron death. These studies may provide novel insights into the role of COX-2 and mechanisms of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Hedco Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tocco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freire-Moar
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sakhi
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Aisen
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pasinetti
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D007608:Kainic Acid