title: Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only limited data on the rate of hemodynamic progression and predictors of outcome in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) are available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 123 adults (mean age, 63 +/- 16 years) with asymptomatic AS, annual clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise data were obtained prospectively (mean follow-up of 2.5 +/- 1.4 years). Aortic jet velocity increased by 0.32 +/- 0.34 m/s per year and mean gradient by 7 +/- 7 mm Hg per year; valve area decreased by 0.12 +/- 0.19 cm2 per year. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival, with end points defined as death (n = 8) or aortic valve surgery (n = 48), was 93 +/- 5% at 1 year, 62 +/- 8% at 3 years, and 26 +/- 10% at 5 years. Univariate predictors of outcome included baseline jet velocity, mean gradient, valve area, and the rate of increase in jet velocity (all P < or = .001) but not age, sex, or cause of AS. Those with an end point had a smaller exercise increase in valve area, blood pressure, and cardiac output and a greater exercise decrease in stroke volume. Multivariate predictors of outcome were jet velocity at baseline (P < .0001), the rate of change in jet velocity (P < .0001), and functional status score (P = .002). The likelihood of remaining alive without valve replacement at 2 years was only 21 +/- 18% for a jet velocity at entry > 4.0 m/s, compared with 66 +/- 13% for a velocity of 3.0 to 4.0 m/s and 84 +/- 16% for a jet velocity < 3.0 m/s (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adults with asymptomatic AS, the rate of hemodynamic progression and clinical outcome are predicted by jet velocity, the rate of change in jet velocity, and functional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98115, USA. cmotto@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Burwash
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Legget
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Munt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Miyake-Hull
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schwaegler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome