Experimentally induced periodontitis in beagle dogs causes rapid increases in osteoclastic resorption of alveolar bone.
This study was undertaken to observe osteoclast differentiation related to inflammatory progression in aggressive periodontitis induced in beagle dogs by ligature of the gingival sulcus. To monitor osteoclastic activity, we used histochemical methods (staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) to visualize osteoclasts and their TRAP-positive precursors and biochemical methods (ELISA assay of pyridinium crosslinks) to detect bone matrix degradation products in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), serum, and urine. For histochemical study, tissue specimens were prepared from 3 adult female beagle dogs induced with experimental periodontitis by silk ligature placement below the gingival margin of mandibular molars ligated for 3, 7, and 21 days. For biochemical study for pyridinoline measurement, the 24 mandibular molars of 4 male beagle dogs were ligated. GCF, urine, and serum were collected at day 0 and at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after ligation. In the early inflammatory phase of ligature-induced periodontitis (day 3), TRAP+ mononuclear and TRAP+ multinucleated cells were present in the gingival connective tissue, and active bone-resorbing cells were found in excavated lacunae at the alveolar crest, but osteoclasts were not infiltrating the periodontal ligament during this early phase. During later stages of the inflammatory process (7 and 21 days), osteoclasts appeared at both the gingival and ligament side of the alveolar bone. Osteoclastic bone resorption appeared to be more severe on the bone surface at the gingival side than on the bone surface of the periodontal ligament side. Measurement of pyridinoline significantly increased in GCF and urine 3 days after ligation. The results suggested that bone at the crest of the alveolar bone is rapidly resorbed within 3 days of inducing experimental periodontitis.
Shibutani
T
T
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan.
Murahashi
Y
Y
Tsukada
E
E
Iwayama
Y
Y
Heersche
J N
JN
D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C015484:pyridinoline; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase