title: Induction of an epitope-specific humoral immune response by lipopeptide-hapten conjugates: enhancement of the anti-melittin response by a synthetic T helper (Th)-cell epitope.
abstract: Lipopeptides of bacterial origin constitute potent immunoadjuvants when combined with antigens. After the immunization with lipopeptides covalently coupled to non-immunogenic low-molecular-mass antigens or haptens, a hapten-specific humoral immune response can often be obtained. The response against synthetically prepared melittin fragments was further enhanced by the additional introduction of a T helper (Th)-cell epitope into the lipopeptide-hapten conjugate. The Th-cell epitope applied, which is presented by the MHC class II molecule of the BALB/c (H-2d) haplotype, consisted of a synthetic 16-amino-acid oligopeptide derived from sperm whale myoglobin. The immune-enhancing effect was most pronounced for the melittin-derived peptide fragments [Mel(1-16)] and [Mel(17-26)-CONH2]. Antibodies obtained after 3 immunizations with the conjugates recognized the synthetic as well as the native melittin molecule. Our results show that it is possible to markedly enhance a weak hapten-specific immune response by coupling the haptens to a lipopeptide conjugated to a haplotype-specific T helper-cell epitope. The novel conjugates are well suited for the optimization of immunization procedures, and for the development of novel synthetic vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Immunbiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany. hoffpet@ruf.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loleit
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mittenbühler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wiesmüller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Bessler
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D006241:Haptens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008555:Melitten / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000939:Epitopes; D006241:Haptens; D008555:Melitten