title: Immobilisation causes longlasting matrix changes both in the immobilised and contralateral joint cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The capacity of articular cartilage matrix to recover during 50 weeks of remobilisation after an atrophy caused by 11 weeks of immobilisation of the knee (stifle) joint in 90 degrees flexion starting at the age of 29 weeks, was studied in young beagle dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteoglycan concentration (uronic acid) and synthesis ([35S]sulphate incorporation) were determined in six and three knee joint surface locations, respectively. Proteoglycans extracted from the cartilages were characterised by chemical determinations, gel filtration, and western blotting for chondroitin sulphate epitope 3B3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proteoglycan concentrations that were reduced in all sample sites immediately after the immobilisation, remained 14-28% lower than controls after 50 weeks of remobilisation in the patella, the summit of medial femoral condyle, and the superior femoropatellar surface. In the contralateral joint, there was a 49% increase of proteoglycans in the inferior femoropatellar surface after remobilisation, while a 34% decrease was simultaneously noticed on the summit of the medial femoral condyle. Total proteoglycan synthesis was not significantly changed after immobilisation or 50 weeks' remobilisation in the treated or contralateral joint, compared with age matched controls. The chondroitin 6- to 4- sulphate ratio was reduced by immobilisation both in the radioactively labelled and the total tissue proteoglycans. In the remobilised joint, this ratio was restored in femur, while in tibia it remained at a level lower than controls. Neither immobilisation nor remobilisation induced epitopes recognised by the monoclonal antibody 3B3 on native (undigested) proteoglycans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the depletion of proteoglycans observed after 11 weeks of immobilisation was not completely restored in certain surface sites after 50 weeks of remobilisation. The significant changes that developed in the contralateral joint during the remobilisation period give further support to the idea that a permanent alteration of matrix metabolism results even from a temporary modification of loading pattern in immature joints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Jortikka
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Inkinen
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Tammi
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parkkinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haapala
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Helminen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lammi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014574:Uronic Acids / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D014574:Uronic Acids; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates