title: 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride: in vitro mutagenicity studies for human health hazards determinations.
abstract: 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPT-HCl) is an aniline derivative used in the manufacture of the dye palatine fast yellow; it is also registered as a selective, low-volume-use (< 45 kg/yr) avicide. Three in vitro mutagenicity tests of CPT-HCl were performed according to methods recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): the Ames/Salmonella assay, the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (CHO/HPRT) mammalian cell forward gene mutation assay, and the CHO chromosome aberration assay. CPT-HCl did not display mutagenic activity using the Ames/Salmonella or CHO/HPRT assays. However, CPT-HCl induced statistically significant, concentration-dependent, metabolically activated increases in the proportion of aberrant cells and aberrations/cell in cultured CHO cells. Results are suggestive of minimal mutagenicity effects associated with exposure to anilines and their derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Pharmakon Research International, Inc., Waverly, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Stankowski
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: San Sebastian
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Sterner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014052:Toluidines / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014052:Toluidines; C556393:p-chloro-o-toluidine hydrochloride; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase