title: Urinary diagnosis of gonorrhoea and Chlamydia in men in remote aboriginal communities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To evaluate the acceptability and validity of an intervention based on urine tests for diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea and chlamydia in men in remote Aboriginal communities. (2) To provide a prevalence estimate of these infections in the male population in the surveyed communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-void urine samples from 460 men in remote communities and 33 men in the Alice Springs Gaol were tested for gonorrhoea and chlamydia with at least one of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and culture (gonorrhoea only).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and three men (20.9%) were infected with gonorrhoea or chlamydia. The prevalence of infection for gonorrhoea only was 11.7%, for chlamydia only 4.1% and for dual infection 5.1%. Eighty-eight infected men and 45 of their sexual partners were recorded as having been treated within two months of testing. PCR tests detected the largest number of infections and were the easiest to use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of these infections was higher than anticipated. Urine PCR tests were acceptable to men and are well suited to the remote-community setting. As an effective alternative to urethral swabs, they permit a range of community-based strategies to address high rates of infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia.
authors.affiliation: Tri-State STD/HIV Project, Alice Springs, NT.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hateley
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Tait
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D015876:Northern Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019035:Rural Health Services; D016482:Urinalysis; D000095283:Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples