title: Surgical versus endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to compare the efficacy of subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection and ureteral reimplantation for treating vesicoureteral reflux in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied the records of all children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction and reflux into single collecting systems treated with cross-trigonal ureteroneocystostomy or subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection. Followup cystography was performed 2 months postoperatively and ultrasound was done twice yearly thereafter. Urodynamic data were evaluated when available. Success was defined as complete eradication of reflux. Data were stratified by procedure, patient sex, grade and laterality of reflux, and the presence of unilateral or bilateral reflux, and then compared using chi-square analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 85 patients (118 ureters) identified followup data were available in 95%. Subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection and ureteroneocystostomy were done on 60 and 47 ureters, respectively. Both groups were similar in mean patient age, followup and preoperative degree of reflux. Success rates after ureteroneocystostomy and a single injection were 84.3 versus 56.7%. The cumulative success rate of subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection was 61% after a second injection. The success rate of ureteroneocystostomy was significantly greater than that of injection (p = 0.02). Reflux resolved in all patients in whom injection failed and who underwent secondary reimplantation. Successful ureteroneocystostomy was unrelated to patient sex, reflux grade or laterality, or bilateral versus unilateral reflux. Subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection was more likely to fail in higher grades of reflux (p = 0.03) but success was otherwise unrelated to other parameters. Failure to correct reflux was unrelated to urodynamic findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary open ureteral reimplantation is more effective than subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection for correcting reflux in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Despite controversy related to the appropriate injectable substance, the relative technical simplicity, outpatient nature, rapid recovery and potential for successful secondary reimplantation support a role for subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection in managing reflux in these difficult cases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Memorial Medical Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene