title: A double-blind randomized trial comparing outpatient parenteral nutrition with intravenous hydration: effect on resumption of oral intake after marrow transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outpatient parenteral nutrition (PN) is often given to marrow transplant recipients after high-dose chemoradiotherapy until the resumption of adequate oral intake; however, it may adversely prolong resumption or oral calorie intake by contributing to early satiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized study compared standard PN (final concentration 25% dextrose, 5% amino acids) with a hydration solution (5% dextrose) during the first 28 days of outpatient treatment. Patients were eligible for the study if they were > or = 2 years of age, < 65 days posttransplant, had < 70% oral caloric intake at hospital discharge, and required < or = 10 U insulin/L PN. Solutions were provided until the patient's oral intake met > or = 85% caloric requirements for 3 consecutive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred fifty-eight marrow transplant recipients (128, PN and 130, hydration solution) were studied. Age, donor type, and diagnoses were similar in the two groups. Time to resumption of > or = 85% oral caloric intake was 6 days sooner in the hydration group than in the PN group (median 10 vs 16 days, respectively; p = .049). When adjusting for sex, age, donor type, total body irradiation, previous oral intake, acute graft-versus-host disease, and prednisone therapy, the hydration group resumed oral intake sooner than the PN group (relative risk = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 2.19; p = .029). The percentage of weight change from pretransplant values, adjusted for the above covariates and the number of weeks of treatment, indicated that the hydration solution group lost weight (4.63%) compared with the PN group (1.27%) after 4 weeks of therapy (p = .004). Rates of hospital readmissions, relapse of malignancy, and survival did not differ between the two treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that outpatient PN delays resumption of oral intake and that its replacement with hydration solution does not result in adverse patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Charuhas
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Fosberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruemmer
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Aker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leisenring
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016331:Parenteral Nutrition, Home; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss