title: Bcl-X(L) expression and its downregulation by a novel retinoid in breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: We have recently found a novel retinoid, 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437), which induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast carcinoma (HBC) cells (Oncogene 11, 493-504, 1995). CD437 downregulates the expression of a number of proteins which antagonize apoptosis. bcl-X(L), a homologue of bcl-2, antagonizes apoptosis, while bcl-X(S) enhances apoptosis. We have found that estrogen receptor (ER)-negative HBCs express higher levels of bcl-X(L) and significantly lower levels of bcl-2 than their ER-positive counterparts. Neither cell type expresses bcl-X(S). The addition of CD437 (1 microM) results in a fourfold downregulation of bcl-X(L) mRNA and protein levels followed by apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. CD437 concentrations as low as 10 nM cause a significant reduction in both bcl-X mRNA and bcl-X(L) protein expression. CD437-dependent downregulation of bcl-X mRNA and bcl-X(L) protein expression occurs within 24 h of CD437 addition to the cells. Retinoic acid does not effect bcl-X mRNA or bcl-X(L) protein expression. CD437 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in a number of breast carcinoma cells lines and downregulates the expression of a number of proteins which antagonize apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Cancer Center, and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 21201, USA.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rishi
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shroot
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C099555:CD 437; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012176:Retinoids; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D014212:Tretinoin