title: The jaw index: new guide defining micrognathia in newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Newborns with glossoptosis due to micrognathia can suffer from life-threatening respiratory distress and severe feeding difficulties. These characteristic features are found in newborns with Pierre Robin sequence. In the relevant literature, no concensus concerning diagnosis for these children can be found. A guide defining micrognathia can be helpful in the diagnosis of glossoptosis and possible airway obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The jaw index is obtained in newborns by measuring three facial dimensions. In a series of 100 healthy neonates the standard measures were defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average jaw index in children with Pierre Robin sequence differs significantly from the reference group and was found to be over 3.6 times the normal value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Micrognathia can be defined with the jaw index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Haven
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: van der Wal
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hage
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: de Lange-de Klerk
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Haumann
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016011:Normal Distribution; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012016:Reference Values; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology