title: Conjunctival oculosporidiosis in east Africa caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conjunctival rhinosporidiosis is an infectious disease rarely recorded outside the Indian subcontinent. The disease is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an endosporulating microorganism of uncertain taxonomic classification. We report a series of cases manifesting this infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The demographic, clinical, and histopathologic data of 14 cases of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis on record at our Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were from East Africa; 10 were from Malawi and 4 from Kenya. Ten specimens were from males and three from females. Their age ranged from 7 to 20 years. All patients were treated by surgical excision, and no recurrence was recorded. None of the cases was diagnosed clinically as rhinosporidiosis. Histologically, all stages of the organism's life cycle could be found in the excised tissue, from small trophocytes to large sporangia-containing sporoblasts. There were changes in histochemical stainings with growth and maturation. In general, the inflammation was of chronic nongranulomatous type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conjunctival rhinosporidiosis is a rare infectious disease that typically appears in young males in rural regions, and that can be treated by surgical excision. It typically causes chronic nongranulomatous inflammation. Various stages of the R seeberi life cycle can be seen in the affected tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pe'er
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gnessin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levinger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Averbukh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polacheck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D010503:Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; D012227:Rhinosporidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012228:Rhinosporidium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016622:Silver Staining; D013194:Staining and Labeling