title: Brachialis muscle entrapment in displaced supracondylar humerus fractures: a technique of closed reduction and report of initial results.
abstract: A retrospective review was conducted of 152 extension-type supracondylar humerus fractures in 151 children. Ninety-two (61%) of 152 of these fractures were displaced (Gartland type III). Initial irreducibility was present in 20 of the 92 displaced fractures. Brachialis muscle interposition was diagnosed by physical examination or intraoperative findings in 18 (90%) of the 20 initially irreducible fractures. Sixteen of the fractures with brachialis muscle interposition underwent an attempt at freeing the impaled proximal fragment by the described "milking maneuver." The maneuver was successful in 15 of the 16 patients and was followed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Three of the remaining four cases required open reduction and pinning. We identify the incidence of initial irreducibility in displaced supracondylar humerus fractures, describe clinical findings suggestive of brachialis entrapment, and demonstrate the milking maneuver to be a valuable technique in the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures with brachialis interposition.
authors.affiliation: Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Archibeck
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome