title: Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer cell lines with a recombinant ligand fusion toxin (DAB389EGF).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) is overexpressed frequently in breast cancer and other solid tumors. Targeting this receptor with an EGF ligand fusion toxin might selectively intoxicate cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to normal cells. DAB389EGF is a recombinant fusion toxin containing the enzymatically active and membrane translocation domains of diphtheria toxin and sequences for human EGF. After binding to EGF-R, the drug is internalized, the toxin is released, and inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death ensue. We examined the cytotoxic effects of DAB389EGF on a panel of breast cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein synthesis, monolayer growth, and anchorage-independent growth were studied in human breast cancer cell lines expressing low, intermediate, or high EGF-R concentrations. DAB389EGF concentrations and duration of exposure required for maximal effects were determined. Specificity of cellular cytotoxicity was assessed by reversing the effects with excess native EGF and by investigating the activity of two mutant analogs of DAB389EGF that either lack diphtheria toxin enzymatic activity or EGF-R binding activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DAB389EGF inhibited protein synthesis in the cell line panel to a variable degree. Cell lines with low EGF-R levels were relatively resistant to the drug, while lines with intermediate to high receptor levels were very sensitive. Cell lines with intermediate or high EGF-R levels were exquisitely sensitive to DAB389EGF in monolayer and anchorage-independent growth assays with IC50 ranging from 3 to 50 pM with a continuous drug exposure. Cell lines with low receptor levels were only moderately inhibited at a 1 nM drug concentration. Cytotoxicity was reversed by the addition of native EGF. Mutant analogs that were devoid of enzymatic or receptor binding activity were inactive. Cytotoxicity was dependent on both the drug concentration andduration of exposure; at a concentration of 1 nM, a 60-minute exposure caused substantial cytotoxicity only for cells with very high EGF-R concentrations. Longer treatment durations were required with cell lines expressing intermediate or low receptor concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast cancer cell lines expressing intermediate to high levels of EGF-R are sensitive to low concentrations of DAB389EGF. This activity requires intact receptor binding and diphtheria toxin domains. DAB389EGF offers promise as a new therapeutic strategy for solid tumors such as breast cancer that overexpress EGF-R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7884, USA.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coronado-Heinsohn
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C487796:DAB389EGF protein, human; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors