title: Psychoneuroimmunology and its relationship to the differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders.
abstract: Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a field of medicine which joins immunology and neurobiology. It focuses on the relationship of stress upon the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA) axis. Depletion of hormones and neurotransmitters within the HPA-axis, as a result of stress, can lead to a multitude of diseases and disorders. Therefore, it is necessary for the dentist to be familiar with PNI and the HPA-axis in order to make an accurate diagnosis of TMD.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Auvenshine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology