title: Use of polymerase chain reaction to provide prognostic information on human cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation.
abstract: Sixty-four consecutive liver transplant patients receiving 76 organs have been monitored for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in blood and urine posttransplantation using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that amplifies a 149 base pair fragment of the glycoprotein B gene. Six hundred and twenty-six blood and 310 urine samples were analysed during surveillance. Thirty-two patients had CMV infection (50%), 12 of whim progressed to HCMV disease. Detection of HCMV in either blood or urine was significantly associated with the presence or development of HCMV disease (blood, P < 0.00001; urine, P = 0.0033). All cases of HCMV disease were detected as PCR-positive in blood, although due to sampling only 50% of these patients were PCR-positive prior to disease onset. HCMV infection and disease were more likely in patients who suffered rejection (P < 0.001). In addition, the median amounts of augmented prednisolone were higher in patients with HCMV infection and disease. In all cases, augmented prednisolone preceded HCMV infection/disease. There was no statistical association between CMV infection and death. Overall, the results show that routine use of PCR for HCMV in surveillance samples of blood and urine of liver transplant recipients can provide diagnostic and prognostic information. However, its ability to provide prognostic information is directly related to the availability of appropriate surveillance samples, emphasising the importance of the routine acquisition of such samples in patient management to allow preemptive anti-HCMV therapy.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-biliary and Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Burroughs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanzani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rolles
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanzini
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology; D002423:Cause of Death; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000212:Acyclovir