title: Transcriptional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in osteoblasts is involved in interleukin-6-induced osteoclast formation.
abstract: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces osteoclast-like cell (osteoclast) formation in a dose-dependent fashion in cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblastic cells when soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is present. Simultaneous treatment with submaximal doses of IL-1alpha and IL-6 with sIL-6R caused marked induction of osteoclast formation and PGE2 synthesis. These effects were suppressed by adding neutralizing antibodies against IL-1alpha or IL-6R and were totally abolished by adding nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as indomethacin and a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (NS398). In mouse osteoblastic cells, both IL-1alpha and IL-6 with sIL-6R markedly induced messenger RNA expression of COX-2, but not COX-1, as determined by Northern blot analysis, and luciferase activity in cells stably transfected with a COX-2 promoter-luciferase fusion construct. IL-6 and sIL-6R, when added separately, did not stimulate COX-2 messenger RNA expression. Simultaneous addition of IL-1alpha and IL-6 with sIL-6R to osteoblast cultures cooperatively induced transcription of COX-2, which was associated with a marked increase in COX activity measured by the conversion of arachidonic acid into PGE2. The increased PGE2 synthesis by osteoblasts may play an important role in osteoclastogenesis induced by submaximal doses of IL-1 and IL-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyaura
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pilbeam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohsugi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koishihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubodera
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Raisz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000502:physiology; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D017931:DNA Primers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin