title: Hoigne's syndrome, kindling, and panic disorder.
abstract: A review of Hoigne's syndrome (HS) is presented, and 47 cases of putative procaine penicillin-induced HS are discussed within the context of kindling models of human psychopathology. Sixty percent of the individuals with HS in our retrospective study reported a lifetime history of panic disorder. The risk factors and causal relationships among repeated injection of procaine penicillin, HS, and anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder, require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araszkiewicz
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
mesh_terms: D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010402:Penicillin G Procaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D010402:Penicillin G Procaine