title: Cardiovascular effects of homologous bradykinin in rainbow trout.
abstract: Bradykinins have only recently been identified in fish, and a detailed analysis of their cardiovascular actions is lacking. The present study examines the cardiovascular effects of trout bradykinin ([Arg0,Trp5,Leu8]bradykinin; tBK) in conscious trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. tBK (1-10 nmol/kg body wt bolus) produced triphasic pressor-depressor-pressor responses. In phase 1, cardiac output (CO), ventral aortic (P(VA)), dorsal aortic (P(DA)), and central venous pressure increased, whereas systemic (R(S)) and gill resistance (R(G)) were unchanged. In phase 2, R(G) increased, whereas R(S), CO, and heart rate decreased, reducing P(VA) and P(DA). Plasma prostaglandin E2 and the prostacyclin metabolite, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha, were significantly elevated during phase 2, whereas leukotrienes C4 and B4 and thromboxane B2 were unaffected. Phase 3 was produced by an increased CO and R(S) and the return of R(G) to control. Phase 1 pressor response was not blocked by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or alpha-adrenoceptors (alpha-AD), whereas phase 2 depressor and plasma prostaglandin responses were prevented by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Phase 3 was partially blocked by ACE and alpha-AD inhibitors and is a response to the preceding hypotension. In vitro, tBK only decreased vascular resistance in the perfused splanchnic or skeletal muscle-kidney preparations. These results show that although tBK has multiple effects on the trout cardiovascular system, none of the effects are due to direct tBK stimulation of vascular smooth muscle. Phase 2 vasodilation has features consistent with release of vasodilator prostaglandins while the mechanism of phase 1 constriction is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend Center for Medical Education, 46556, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Conklin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Conlon
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000204:Activity Cycles; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000098:blood supply; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000097:blood; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D015289:Leukotrienes; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D001920:Bradykinin; D007213:Indomethacin