title: CD44 expression in the developing human retina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD44, the transmembrane adhesion molecule, is expressed in the fetal brain and supposed to mediate neuroglial, interactions. We evaluated the expression and distribution of CD44 in the developing human retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four developing human eyes were evaluated at 6, 10, 16, and 21 weeks of gestation, as well as the eyes of one infant and four adults. Frozen sections were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to three human CD44 clones (BU52, F10-44-2, and DF1485) and to vimentin, and antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Specimens were evaluated by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive immunostaining for CD44 was first detected at 21 weeks of gestation in the longitudinal fibers that extended from the inner to the outer limiting membrane and around capillary vessels with the simultaneous expression of vimentin and GFAP. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the presence of CD44 on the surface of Müller cells and astrocytes. CD44 was faintly seen in the Müller cells in the periphery and definitely present in the astrocytes in the infant and adult retinas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD44 was expressed in Müller cells at a late stage of fetal development and in the fetal, infant, and adult astrocytes, which suggests that it is important in the morphogenesis and homeostasis of the neural retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Children's Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors