title: Comparison of E-test with agar dilution methods in testing susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to azithromycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae varies from one country to another and may also change with time. To monitor these variations and changes, it is desirable to have a method that is simple and reproducible. This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and to assess the reliability of results obtained using E-test methodology for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MICs for 135 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were determined by a modified Kirby-Bauer method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards against penicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, tetracycline, kanamycin, spectinomycin, and azithromycin. The MIC of azithromycin was determined by both the E-test and agar dilution method. All tests were done simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIC of azithromycin to all 135 isolates ranged from 0.078 to 0.25 microgram/ml with the agar dilution method and from 0.016 to 0.50 microgram/ml with the E-test. The MIC50 and MIC90 of azithromycin were 0.064 microgram/ml and 0.125 microgram/ml, respectively, by the agar dilution method, whereas they are slightly higher by the E-test method. Seventy-six of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers and 69 were high-level tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. There was no difference in the MIC50 and MIC90 of azithromycin in these groups of isolates. The percentage agreement within the acceptable +/-1 log2 dilution difference between MICs obtained by E-test and those obtained by the agar dilution method was 97.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azithromycin has a very good in vitro antigonococcal activity, and the E-test is a reliable method to determine the MIC of azithromycin against N. gonorrhoeae.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology Division, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Suan
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008296:Malaysia; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin