title: One course versus two courses of antithymocyte globulin for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the therapeutic trials was to optimize the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and moderate aplastic anemia in children who lack a suitable bone marrow donor, using immunosuppressive therapy in the most effective combination and dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two sequential therapeutic trials for the treatment of severe and moderate aplastic anemia in children were conducted by 10 institutions. The treatment protocols included antithymocyte globulin (ATG), prednisone, and cyclosporine A (CSA); patients entered on the first protocol, 0190 (ATG X 2), were given two courses of ATG, and those enrolled on the second protocol, 0190B (ATG X 1), were given only one course of ATG. Ten patients were evaluable on ATG X 2. All patients had SAA; three had hepatitis-induced severe aplastic anemia (HI-SAA). Twelve patients were evaluable on ATG X 1; all had SAA, one of whom had HI-SAA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 10 patients on ATG X 2 responded, and eight of 12 patients treated on ATG X 1 responded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with immunosuppressive therapy using ATG, CSA, and prednisone was very well tolerated. The response rates in both protocols were similar, and results compare favorably with those of previous therapeutic trials, suggesting that a second course of ATG is not necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614, USA.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Matloub
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bostrom
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koerper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khuder
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Smithson
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Silberman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilden
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Moertel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Month
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monteleone
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Ramsay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000741:Anemia, Aplastic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011241:Prednisone