title: [Proposal of a concise index for the evaluation of the exposure to repetitive movements of the upper extremity (OCRA index)].
abstract: In the light of data and speculation contained in the literature, and based on procedures illustrated in a previous research project in which the authors describe and evaluate occupational risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs (WMSDs), this article proposes a method for calculating a concise index of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs. The proposal, which still has to be substantiated and validated by further studies and applications, is conceptually based on the procedure recommended by the NIOSH for calculating the Lifting Index in manual load handling activities. The concise exposure index (OCRA index) in this case is based on the relationship between the daily number of actions actually performed by the upper limbs in repetitive tasks, and the corresponding number of recommended actions. The latter are calculated on the basis of a constant (30 actions per minute) which represents the action frequency factor, and is valid-hypothetically-under so-called optimal conditions; the constant is diminished case by case (using appropriate factors) as a function of the presence and characteristics of the other risk factors (force, posture, complementary elements, recovery periods). Although still experimental, the exposure index can be used to obtain an integrated and concise assessment of the various risk factors analysed, and to classify occupational scenarios featuring significant and diversified exposure to such risk factors.
authors.affiliation: EPM-Unità di Ricerca Ergonomia della Postura e del Movimento, Milano.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Occhipinti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colombini
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011187:Posture; D012146:Rest; D018570:Risk Assessment
vernacular_title: Proposta di un indice sintetico per la valutazione dell'esposizione a movimenti ripetitivi degli arti superiori (OCRA index).