title: Treatment of shigellosis: V. Comparison of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of shigellosis is currently limited by the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of Shigella.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of shigellosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diarrhea treatment center in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 men with shigellosis that had lasted 72 hours or less.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients stayed in the hospital for 6 days. Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg of azithromycin on study day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily for 4 days; 36 patients were assigned to receive 500 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 hours for 5 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical treatment failure was considered to have occurred if frank dysentery persisted for 72 hours after therapy began or if on study day 5 a patient had more than six stools, had any bloody-mucoid stools, had more than one watery stool, or had an oral body temperature exceeding 37.8 degrees C. Bacteriologic treatment failure was considered to have occurred if Shigella strains could be isolated from a stool sample after study day 2. Therapy was considered either clinically or bacteriologically successful in patients who completed therapy and did not meet criteria for failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapy was clinically successful in 28 (82%) patients who received azithromycin and 32 (89%) patients who received ciprofloxacin (difference, -7% [95% Cl, -23% to 10%]). Therapy was bacteriologically successful in 32 (94%) patients receiving azithromycin and 36 (100%) patients receiving ciprofloxacin (difference, -6% [Cl, -14% to 2%]). Peak serum concentrations of azithromycin were equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting Shigella strains, whereas serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin were 28 times the MIC. Stool concentrations of both drugs were more than 200 times the MIC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azithromycin is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe shigellosis caused by multidrug-resistant Shigella strains.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seas
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bennish
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012760:Shigella / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D017963:Azithromycin