title: A computerized method to predict the discriminatory properties for class II sequencing based typing.
abstract: Accurate identification of alleles or groups of alleles is obtained using DNA techniques for HLA class II typing. In PCR-SSP and PCR-SSO the typing resolution is dependent on the location of the amplification primers and the number of oligonucleotide probes used for hybridization. These primers are developed based upon the known allele sequences. However, the number of published allele sequences increases rapidly. Periodic reconsideration of the discriminatory properties of the methods used is necessary and often leads to the addition of primers, and an increase of ambiguous genotypes. SBT is a high-resolution class II typing method which utilizes the second exon sequence at all positions for typing. Using a generic amplification and sequencing approach, a limited number of ambiguous heterozygotes can be expected. However, the number of ambiguities is dependent on the location of the primers. These ambiguities can be solved by the use of group-specific primers in either the amplification or sequencing reaction. To identify the applicability of a SBT approach with respect to typing resolution, it is important to identify these ambiguities and develop strategies to solve them. We developed software that predicts the ambiguous heterozygotes, and analyzes their sequences for group specific primers, solving these ambiguities. The location of the primers is considered as well as the use of generic vs group-specific amplification or sequencing reactions. Allele sequences of all class II genes, as accepted by the WHO nomenclature committee for factors of the HLA system and submitted to the EMBL/Genbank databases, are analyzed to define the allelic discrimination level of HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, -DFB1, -DPA1, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, and -DRB5.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic DNA Laboratory, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Rozemuller
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tilanus
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006681:HLA-D Antigens