title: The presence of leuko-araiosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease predicts poor tolerance to tacrine, but does not discriminate responders from non-responders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  approximately one-third of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) respond favourably to the anticholinesterase tacrine, but the drug's usefulness is marred by a high incidence of side-effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to discover if AD patients with white matter low attenuation (WMLA) represents a subgroup that responds differently to tacrine from those with no WMLA.
  
  
  METHODS
  the results come from a combination of double-blind and open studies. Seventy-two AD patients prescribed tacrine in our centre were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of WMLA on brain CT scans. We compared the rate of response to and withdrawal from tacrine between the groups. Response was defined as an improvement in the Mini-Mental State Examination score of three or more points at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18 of the 72 patients were found to have WMLA. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients responding to tacrine in each group (28.5% in those with WMLA and 31% in those without), but the rate of withdrawal from tacrine did differ: 11 patients with WMLA (61%) had to be withdrawn prematurely, compared with 14 patients (26%) in the group without evidence of WMLA (P = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD patients with WMLA can still respond to tacrine, although the rate of withdrawal from treatment is much higher in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amar
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wilcock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scot
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013619:Tacrine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D013619:Tacrine