title: Dual effects of auranofin on prostaglandin E2 production by rat peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: Incubation of rat peritoneal macrophages in medium containing various concentrations of auranofin (1, 3 and 10 microM) increased prostaglandin E2 production at 4 h in a concentration-dependent manner, in accordance with the increase in the release of [3H]arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. However, at 20 h, no stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production by auranofin was observed. When the peritoneal macrophages were incubated in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), thapsigargin or A23187, prostaglandin E2 production at 4 and 20 h was enhanced. The stimulator-induced prostaglandin E2 production at 20 h was suppressed by 10 microM of auranofin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that auranofin inhibited the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 by TPA, thapsigargin or A23187 at 4 and 20 h. The level of cyclooxygenase 1 did not change by treatment with these stimulators in the presence or absence of auranofin. These findings suggest that auranofin has dual effects on prostaglandin E2 production: without stimulation, auranofin increases prostaglandin E2 production at 4 h due to the increased release of arachidonic acid which is converted to prostaglandin E2 mainly by cyclooxygenase 1, but inhibits the stimulator-induced late-phase prostaglandin E2 production by inhibiting the induction of cyclooxygenase 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe-Kobayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001310:Auranofin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007476:Ionophores; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D000001:Calcimycin; D001310:Auranofin; D019284:Thapsigargin; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D015232:Dinoprostone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate