title: Late development of bile duct cancer after sphincteroplasty: a ten- to twenty-two-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transduodenal sphincteroplasty is designed to destroy the sphincteric muscle fibers, producing a terminal choledochoduodenostomy. In the absence of Oddi's sphincter, intestinal contents with both activated pancreatic juice and bacterial flora are refluxed into the bile duct and remain there for a prolonged time. The long-term effect of producing the reflux has not been evaluated to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred nineteen consecutive patients undergoing transduodenal sphincteroplasty between February 1973 and July 1984 were included in this study. Postoperative clinical courses of 108 patients could be evaluated by means of a retrospective review of the hospital records. Median follow-up was 18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight cases (7.4%) of primary bile duct cancer were found among the 108 cases at intervals of 1 to 20 years after sphincteroplasty. Two patients had concurrent hepatolithiasis. The patency of sphincteroplasty was confirmed in all cases, and the bile was infected in seven cases. Pathologic specimens obtained demonstrated cholangiocarcinomas and various degrees of atypical hyperplastic lesions under the background of chronic cholangitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic cholangitis can be an important causative factor in late development of bile duct cancer after sphincteroplasty. Any patients treated with choledochoduodenostomy should be closely monitored for late cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hakamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology*; D002768:Choledochostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors