title: Sequence and functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse growth inhibitory factor gene.
abstract: 1. The growth inhibitory factor (GIF) is a 68-amino acid protein which is capable of inhibiting the growth of neuronal cells in vitro. 2. We have cloned and sequenced the 5'-flanking region of the mouse GIF gene, which spans from the transcriptional initiation site to the -1854 nucleotide. 3. This region contains sequences homologous to hgcs, SPE, and the JCV silencer domain that functions in a glial cell specific manner. This region also contains two metal responding elements and putative binding sites for AP-1, AP-2, Sp-1, SP-2, NF-1, and CREB. 4. An analysis of the reporter plasmids containing the various regions of the 5'-flanking sequence revealed that the region indeed functioned in a tissue-specific manner in glial cells and that the region between -328 and 175 is responsible for suppression, while the region between -175 and -49 is involved in the activation of gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield 62702, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawyer
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashimo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watabe
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015698:Genomic Library; D005910:Glioma; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000090023:Metallothionein 3; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D000090023:Metallothionein 3; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins