Beta 2 (CD11/CD18) integrins can serve as signaling partners for other leukocyte receptors.
Fig. 1 depicts our current thinking about the ways in which Mo1 and p150,95 form cis interactions with other leukocyte receptors. With respect to the associations of Mo1 with Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR, the inhibitory effect of saccharides such as NADG suggests a lectin-carbohydrate interaction that may involve the recognition of Mo1's beta-glucan site for N-linked carbohydrates4 that are expressed by both Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR. This hypothesis is supported by the results of Stockl et al., who showed that the binding of C-terminal-specific mAb VIM12 to Mo1, which enhances the phospholipase C-mediated release of Fc gamma RIIIB, was inhibited by NADG. However, unlike the sample lectin-carbohydrate interaction that appears to govern the association between Mo1 and Fc gamma RIIIB, effective Mo1-dependent uPAR signaling also depends on the binding of intact uPA to uPAR (the receptor-binding ATF of uPA proving insufficient to prime neutrophils for an enhanced burst response to FMLP). We speculate that ATF (residues 6-135) binds to uPAR while the carboxyl terminal fragment (residues 136-411), which includes a glycosylation site at residue 144, binds to the lectinlike site of Mo1, thus fostering the linkage between the two receptors. In support of this model is the fact that exposure of neutrophils to ATF reduced the degree of molecular proximity between Mo1 and uPAR (the latter probably occupied by endogenous intact uPA) and increased the molecular association between Mo1 and Fc gamma RIIIB (both as detected by quantitative RET). This hypothesis is analogous to the concept proposed by Nykjaer et al in which plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 initially binds to uPA to form a complex that secondarily binds to the alpha 2 macroglobulin receptor, leading to internalization of the complex. Whereas the contribution of intact uPA to the interaction between Mo1 and uPAR remains speculative (based on the indirect data available), no such ambiguity exists for the role of the LPS/LBP ligand in regulating the association between Mo1 and CD14. In this circumstance, no physical linkage exists between the two receptors without the ligand complex. This observation is consistent with the previously described affinity of the beta 2 integrins for LPS, leading to the notion that the LPS portion of the LPS/LPB complex binds to Mo1, serving to link it with LPS/LBP bound to CD14. The observed reversibility of the interactions between the integrin glycoproteins and uPAR or CD14 illustrates the fact that these associations can be highly dynamic and tied to cellular processes that include directed motility (Mo1-uPAR), adherence to substrates (Mo1-CD14), and energy metabolism (p150,95-uPAR). We speculate that the GPI-anchored receptor proteins serve as rapidly diffusible, expendable "scouts" for the beta 2 integrins, which serve to expand their ligand binding repertoire in a cis-acting fashion.
Todd
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RF
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0374, USA.
Petty
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HR
D018845:CD11 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016167:Integrin alphaXbeta2 / Q000502:physiology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D016028:Receptors, Leukocyte-Adhesion / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D015398:Signal Transduction
D018845:CD11 Antigens; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016167:Integrin alphaXbeta2; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D016028:Receptors, Leukocyte-Adhesion; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator