title: Restrictive strabismus after retrobulbar anesthesia.
abstract: Two rare cases of strabismus resulting from contracture of the extraocular rectus muscles after retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery are described. Clinical signs in both cases suggested that the development of the impaired function of the lateral and superior rectus muscles followed the same pattern: initial stimulation followed by paretic and restrictive stages. Abnormal enlargement of the muscles was identified by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The data indicate that the strabismus was the result of direct injection of anesthetics into the rectus muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oohira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takao
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013285:Strabismus / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local