title: Flat cancers do develop in the polyp-free large intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Qualitative and quantitative analysis of many flat early cancers that have been discovered during the last decade led us to recognize that a flat route of cancer development de novo is as important a route as the polypoid one. We aim to prove through a longitudinal study that these flat early cancers indeed develop in flat mucosa and not in an adenomatous polyp.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1, 1990, to July 31, 1994, 554 patients underwent at least two colonoscopies. These patients consisted of 364 males, and average age was 59 years. We searched for flat early cancers developing in polyp-free colorectal mucosa on or after a second colonoscopy. Polyp-free mucosa here means an intestinal segment proved to possess no adenomatous polyp during the preceding colonoscopies, irrespective of the presence of polyps elsewhere.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four flat early cancers were found developing in polyp-free colonic mucosa in four patients. Average age of the patients was 67 years. Locations of the cancers were the transverse (3) and descending colons (1). The shapes were all depressed, and average size of the lesions was 11 mm. Two lesions were endoscopically resected, and two by surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These four depressed cancers developing in polyp-free mucosa show that flat early colorectal cancers do arise de novo and not from an adenomatous polyp having collapsed on itself.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Surgery, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuramoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oohara
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies