title: Clinical, motor, and biological correlates of depressive disorders after focal subcortical lesions.
abstract: The authors studied depression after focal subcortical lesions (SCLs) in 45 highly selected subjects. Secondary major depression (secondary MD) occurred in 20.0%, depressive disorder NOS (secondary  DDNOS) in 4.4%, and secondary dysthymia in 0.0%. secondary MD after SCLs was associated with pallidal lesions (88.9%) and dystonia without geste antagonistique; subjects with secondary DDNOS had nigrotegmental lesions and parkinsonism. Depressive severity after SCLs correlated positively with severity of parkinsonism and dystonia. Pallidal lesions disrupting neurotransmitter systems and pallidothalamic and parietal input to the frontal lobe may lead to secondary MD, whereas nigrotegmental lesions may predispose to secondary MD forme fruste (secondary DDNOS) through disruption of mesocortical frontal or nigrostriatal dopamine tracts. Patients should be closely followed over several years for depression after such lesions, especially when accompanied by parkinsonism or dystonia without geste antagonistique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lauterbach
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kirsh
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Dever
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000150:complications; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000473:pathology*