title: Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke: diagnosis with diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted echo-planar MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if diffusion- and T2-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used to detect acute hemorrhagic stroke and to differentiate hemorrhagic from nonhemorrhagic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 118 examinations (diffusion- and T2-weighted MR imaging) in 19 patients with 27 nonhemorrhagic strokes and in six patients with seven hemorrhagic strokes were performed. The ratios of apparent diffusion coefficient and of signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images in lesions to those in contralateral control areas were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreased ADC was shown in lesions of acute (0-3 days) hemorrhagic stroke, as well as in lesions of acute nonhemorrhagic stroke. Hypointense areas were seen on T2-weighted MR images in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke, in contrast to normal to increased signal intensity in those with acute nonhemorrhagic stroke. Apparent diffusion coefficient tended to remain decreased in hemorrhagic stroke lesions even 100 days after onset, in contrast to the increased coefficient in nonhemorrhagic stroke lesions at the late chronic stage (31 days or older).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffusion- and T2-weighted echo-planar MR imaging can be used to detect and distinguish between acute hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Meiji College of Oriental Medicine, Funai-gun, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebisu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged