title: Stress and autoimmunity: the neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin suppress encephalomyelitis via effects on both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system.
abstract: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) exerts a major role in the stress response. Both CRF and urocortin, a newly discovered neuropeptide homologous to CRF, suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Suppression of paralysis with CRF involved stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inhibitory effects on an encephalitogenic T cell line. While CRF increased glucocorticoid production, which is known to block EAE, it also suppressed EAE in adrenalectomized rats, where glucocorticoid stimulation via CRF plays no role. Moreover, the encephalitogenicity of a T cell line exposed to CRF in vitro was reduced. Stress may influence autoimmune disease through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and directly via the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poliak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D054832:Urocortins
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D054832:Urocortins; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone