title: Stressful events among pregnant Salvadoran women: a cross-cultural comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare stressful events, including violent episodes, experienced by pregnant Salvadoran women with those experienced by two other groups of low-income, pregnant women living in the United States (non-Salvadoran Hispanics and non-Hispanics) and to examine the association between episodes of violence and drug or alcohol use among the three groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative, descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public health prenatal clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four Salvadoran, 69 non-Salvadoran Hispanic, and 187 non-Hispanic pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Difficult Life Circumstances (DLC) scale and psychosocial history assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in total DLC scores, F(2, 357) = 14.98, p < .001; reported episodes of violence, F(2, 357 = 17.82, p < .001; and drug or alcohol use, F(2, 357) = 6.33, p < .001. A significant difference was found to the extent that alcohol or drug use accounted for the variance in violence among the three groups, F(3, 360) = 6.28, p < .001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-cultural comparisons revealed group differences in the number of stressful events, including episodes of violence and alcohol or drug use.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing and Health Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Tavangar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004544:El Salvador / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000208:ethnology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000208:ethnology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States