title: Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy associated with pemphigus vulgaris: onset of thyroid autoimmune disease during chronic low-dose glucocorticoid therapy.
abstract: A 38-year-old caucasian woman developed typical Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy while being chronically treated for pemphigus vulgaris with low doses of glucocorticoids capable of effectively controlling skin disease. HLA typing showed positivity for DR3 and DR4, suggesting a genetic susceptibility for both Graves' disease and pemphigus vulgaris. The apparent contradiction whereby thyroid autoimmune disease flared up during therapy with glucocorticoids, known for their immunosuppressive effects, may be related to the dose of steroids. It is possible that high doses of glucocorticoids, commonly employed in the treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy, might indeed suppress the disease, whereas the low doses used in this patient might precipitate or aggravate it.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Endocrinologia, Università di Pisa, Tirrena (PI), Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartalena
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogazzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiovato
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tanda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008713:Methimazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008713:Methimazole; D011241:Prednisone