title: In vitro effects of oxpentifylline on inflammatory cytokine release in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-1 beta, have been implicated as primary mediators of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the in vitro effects of oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline; PTX; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) on inflammatory cytokine production (1) by peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and (2) by inflamed intestinal mucosa cultures from patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs and mucosal biopsy specimens were cultured for 24 hours in the absence or presence of PTX (up to 100 micrograms/ml), and the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTX inhibited the release of TNF-alpha by PBMCs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by organ cultures of inflamed mucosa from the same patients. Secretion of TNF-alpha by PBMCs was inhibited by about 50% at a PTX concentration of 25 micrograms/ml (IC50). PTX was equally potent in cultures from controls, patients with Crohn's disease, and those with ulcerative colitis. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were not significantly modified in PBMCs, but IL-6 increased slightly in organ culture supernatants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTX or more potent related compounds may represent a new family of cytokine inhibitors, potentially interesting for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie et d'Assistance Nutritive, CHRU Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reimund
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kedinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poindron
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duclos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010431:Pentoxifylline