title: Thymosin beta 4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: Thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4) is a 4.9 kDa polypeptide that interacts with G-actin and is thought to be an important mediator in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. T beta 4 has been identified as a factor involved in the differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on Matrigel. Here we have used various in vitro and in vivo migration assays to demonstrate the role of T beta 4 in endothelial cell migration. Our results demonstrate that T beta 4 acts as a chemoattractant for endothelial cells, stimulating the migration of HUVECs in Boyden chambers four- to sixfold over that observed with media alone. Of the primary cell types tested, only human coronary artery cells responded to T beta 4 treatment, suggesting that the migration activity of T beta 4 was endothelial cell-specific. T beta 4 significantly accelerated the rate of migration into the scratch wounded area of a HUVEC monolayer. T beta 4 treatment also increased the production of matrix metalloproteinases that may degrade the basement membrane during angiogenesis. Additional experiments using subcutaneously implanted Matrigel showed that T beta 4 stimulated cell migration in vivo. These results provide the first direct evidence that T beta 4 has chemoattractive activity and promotes angiogenesis by stimulating the migration of endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Malinda
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kleinman
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D013947:Thymosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D000099201:Thymosin beta(4)
chemical_list: D010450:Endopeptidases; D013947:Thymosin; D000099201:Thymosin beta(4)