title: In vitro laser nerve repair: protein solder strip irradiation or irradiation alone?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the potential of sutureless nerve repair using two promising laser fusion methods: direct 2 microns irradiation of the epineurium, and protein solder assisted epineurial fusion using a 800 nm laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laser anastomosis of the rat sciatic nerve was performed in vitro without stay sutures in two groups of six animals. In the first group, direct laser fusion used a pulsed Cr, Tm: YAG laser. In the second group an albumin-based fluid solder containing the dye indocyanine green was applied to the epineurium, then irradiated with a diode laser. These two techniques were compared with regards to coaptation success and axonal damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct laser welding produced weak bonds despite microscopic investigation of the irradiated nerves showing fusion of the epineurium. The unsatisfactory bonding can be attributed to poor tissue overlap and insufficient protein in the thin epineurium denaturation of underlying axons was also observed. In contrast, the laser solder method produced successful welds with greatly reduced axonal damage, and significantly improved the tensile strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed the technical possibilities of sutureless nerve anastomosis. Laser activated solders enable stronger bonds, by the addition of protein to the anastomosis site, and less thermal damage to underlying tissue through selective absorption of laser energy by dye in the solder. Further in vivo studies are required before drawing final conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Microsearch Foundation of Australia, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trickett
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dawes
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanzetta
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000528:radiation effects; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins