title: Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most patients with advanced pancreas cancer experience pain and must limit their daily activities because of tumor-related symptoms. To date, no treatment has had a significant impact on the disease. In early studies with gemcitabine, patients with pancreas cancer experienced an improvement in disease-related symptoms. Based on those findings, a definitive trial was performed to assess the effectiveness of gemcitabine in patients with newly diagnosed advanced pancreas cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-six patients with advanced symptomatic pancreas cancer completed a lead-in period to characterize and stabilize pain and were randomized to receive either gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 weekly x 7 followed by 1 week of rest, then weekly x 3 every 4 weeks thereafter (63 patients), or to fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2 once weekly (63 patients). The primary efficacy measure was clinical benefit response, which was a composite of measurements of pain (analgesic consumption and pain intensity), Karnofsky performance status, and weight. Clinical benefit required a sustained (> or = 4 weeks) improvement in at least one parameter without worsening in any others. Other measures of efficacy included response rate, time to progressive disease, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical benefit response was experienced by 23.8% of gemcitabine-treated patients compared with 4.8% of 5-FU-treated patients (P = .0022). The median survival durations were 5.65 and 4.41 months for gemcitabine-treated and 5-FU-treated patients, respectively (P = .0025). The survival rate at 12 months was 18% for gemcitabine patients and 2% for 5-FU patients. Treatment was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that gemcitabine is more effective than 5-FU in alleviation of some disease-related symptoms in patients with advanced, symptomatic pancreas cancer. Gemcitabine also confers a modest survival advantage over treatment with 5-FU.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Burris
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rothenberg
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Modiano
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cripps
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Portenoy
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Storniolo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tarassoff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Von Hoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D009294:Narcotics; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D009020:Morphine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine