title: Retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele after atlanto-occipital dislocation: report of two cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report two cases of retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele after atlanto-occipital dislocation. This is rare, with only one other reported case in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two patients who presented after blunt cervical and head trauma. Plain films revealed that each patient had atlanto-occipital dislocation. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed the delayed development of retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele. Concomitant hydrocephalus was noted in both patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surviving patient showed marked neurological improvement and resolution of his pseudomeningocele after ventriculoperitoneal shunting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with closed head injuries who develop posttraumatic pseudomeningocele, we recommend cranial computed tomography to assess for the presence of hydrocephalus. In patients with atlanto-occipital dislocation, delayed neurological deterioration warrants magnetic resonance imaging of the craniocervical junction to rule out posttraumatic pseudomeningocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Naso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cure
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Cuddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008588:Meningocele / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt