title: Protein-energy malnutrition delays small-intestinal recovery in neonatal pigs infected with rotavirus.
abstract: Infectious diarrheal diseases and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are major causes of child morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the present study, PEM was superimposed on rotavirus infection in neonatal pigs to simulate chronic small intestinal stress in malnourished infants with viral gastroenteritis. Two-day-old cesarean-derived pigs (n = 39) were allotted to three treatment groups: 1) noninfected, full-fed; 2) infected, full-fed; and 3) infected, malnourished. Two days postinfection, severe diarrhea and weight loss (11%) were accompanied by reductions in villus height (60%) and lactase activity (78%) and increased crypt depth (32%) in infected full-fed compared with noninfected pigs (P < 0.05). Malnutrition blunted (P < 0.05) increases in crypt depth elicited by rotavirus. By 9 d postinfection, body weight was 59% less, villus height and lactase activity remained lower (50%), and crypt depth remained greater (62%) in infected full-fed compared with noninfected pigs (P < 0.05). However, diarrhea began to clear in infected full-fed, but not in infected malnourished pigs. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was reduced 68% and crypt depth was reduced 19% in infected-malnourished compared with infected full-fed pigs (P < 0.05). Sixteen days postinfection, full-fed pigs had recovered from rotaviral infection; however, in infected-malnourished pigs, diarrhea and growth stasis persisted, and plasma IGF-I, villus height and alkaline phosphatase activity remained reduced compared with infected full-fed pigs (P < 0.05). Overall, PEM prolonged diarrhea and delayed small-intestinal recovery, indicating that nutritional status during diarrhea is essential for recovery from rotaviral enteritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801, USA.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odle
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Gelberg
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Petschow
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Gaskins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000201:enzymology*; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D005934:Glucagon; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase