title: Hormonal responses of multiset versus single-set heavy-resistance exercise protocols.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare serum growth hormone (GH), testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and whole blood lactate (L) responses to single set (1S) versus multiple set (3S) heavy-resistance exercise protocols. Eight recreationally weight-trained men completed two identical resistance exercise workouts (1S vs. 3S). Blood was obtained preexercise (PRE), immediately postexercise (OP), and 5 min (5P), 15 min (15P), 30 min (30P) and 60 min (60P) postexercise and was analyzed for GH, T, C, and L levels. For 1S and 3S, GH, L, and T significantly increased from PRE to OP and remained significantly elevated to 60P, except for 1S. For GH, T, and L, 3S showed significantly greater increases compared to 1S. For C, 3S and 1S were increased significantly from resting at OP, 5P, and 15P; 3S increased compared to 1S at 5P, 15P and 30P. Higher volumes of total work produce significantly greater increases in circulating anabolic hormones during the recovery phase following exercise.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sports Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gotshalk
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Loebel
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Nindl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Putukian
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sebastianelli
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D013739:Testosterone; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone