title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in severe chemotherapy-induced afebrile neutropenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomized trials of colony-stimulating factors in febrile patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy have not consistently shown clinical benefit. Nevertheless, the use of colony-stimulating factors to treat patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is widespread.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in afebrile outpatients with severe chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. We measured the number of days of neutropenia, rate of hospitalization, number of days in the hospital, number of days the patient received parenteral antibiotics, and number of culture-positive infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomly assigned 138 patients to receive G-CSF (n=71) or placebo (n=67). The median time to an absolute neutrophil count of at least 500 per cubic millimeter was significantly shorter for patients who received G-CSF (two days, vs. four days for the patients given placebo). However, there was no effect on the rate of hospitalization, number of days in the hospital, duration of treatment with parenteral antibiotics, or number of culture-positive infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine therapeutic application of G-CSF in afebrile patients with severe neutropenia can reduce the duration of neutropenia, but this does not appear to provide practical clinical benefit.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tschetter
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Ebbert
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mailliard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Suman
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Witzig
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wieand
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Moertel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005334:Fever / Q000517:prevention & control; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D007902:Length of Stay; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D009504:Neutrophils; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim