title: Perceived barriers in reporting medication administration errors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assuring that medication administration error (MAE) reports are reliable and valid is of great significance for the patient, the hospital, and the nurse. In most hospitals, MAE reporting relies on the nurse who discovers an error to initiate an error report, whether the error was committed by that nurse or someone else. Because of the potential for negative consequences, there may be significant disincentives for the nurse to report the error. This, the first of two articles, describes the results of a large-scale survey designed to assess nurses' perceptions of the reasons why MAE may not be reported. The companion article compares nurses' estimates of the extent to which MAEs are reported with the actual reported medication error rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses in 24 acute-care hospitals were surveyed to determine perceptions of reasons why medication errors may not be reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factor analysis reveals four factors explaining why staff nurses may not report medication errors: fear, disagreement over whether an error occurred, administrative responses to medication errors, and effort required to report MAEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are potential changes in both systems and management responses to MAEs that could improve current practice. These changes need to take into account the influences of organizational, professional, and work group culture.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Center, University of Iowa Health Sciences Center, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uden-Holman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blegen
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005239:Fear; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012308:Risk Management; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States