title: Substrate dependence of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition: captopril displays a partial selectivity for inhibition of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline hydrolysis compared with that of angiotensin I.
abstract: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is composed of two highly similar domains (referred to here as the N and C domains) that play a central role in blood pressure regulation; ACE inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of hypertension. However, the negative regulator of hematopoiesis, N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-prolyl (AcSDKP), is a specific substrate of the N domain-active site; thus, in addition to the cardiovascular function of ACE, the enzyme may be involved in hematopoietic stem cell regulation, raising the interest of designing N domain-specific ACE inhibitors. We analyzed the inhibition of angiotensin I and AcSDKP hydrolysis as well as that of three synthetic ACE substrates by wild-type ACE and the N and C domains by using a range of specific ACE inhibitors. We demonstrate that captopril, lisinopril, and fosinoprilat are potent inhibitors of AcSDKP hydrolysis by wild-type ACE, with K(i) values in the subnanomolar range. However, of the inhibitors tested, captopril is the only compound able to differentiate to some degree between AcSDKP and angiotensin I inhibition of hydrolysis by wild-type ACE: the K(i) value with AcSDKP as substrate was 16-fold lower than that with angiotensin I as substrate. This raises the possibility of using captopril to enhance plasma AcSDKP levels with the aim of normal hematopoeitic stem cell protection during chemotherapy and a limited effect on the cardiovascular function of ACE.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 36, Collège de France, Paris.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chauvet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corvol
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002712:Chlorides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D000803:Angiotensin I; D002216:Captopril; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C058504:goralatide