title: The blocked-random effect in pictures and words.
abstract: Picture and word recall was examined in conjunction with list organization. 60 subjects studied a list of 30 items, either words or their pictorial equivalents. The 30 words/pictures, members of five conceptual categories, each represented by six exemplars, were presented either blocked by category or in a random order. While pictures were recalled better than words and a standard blocked-random effect was observed, the interaction indicated that the recall advantage of a blocked presentation was restricted to the word lists. A similar pattern emerged for clustering. These findings are discussed in terms of limitations upon the pictorial superiority effect.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York College at Cortland 13045, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Toglia
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hinman
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Dayton
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Catalano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D012691:Serial Learning; D014706:Verbal Learning