title: Chronic neuroleptic exposure in bipolar outpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the chronic use of neuroleptic medications is generally discouraged in patients with bipolar disorder, data on the actual extent of this practice are relatively scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  All bipolar patients receiving treatment at the Connecticut Mental Health Center on September 1, 1994, were identified through a computerized administrative database; the medical record was then examined. Patients were included in the study if (1) the last two recorded diagnoses in the chart were concordant for bipolar disorder and (2) the patient had not been hospitalized in the past year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 49 patients meeting review criteria, 33 (67%) met criteria for chronic neuroleptic exposure. The mean +/- SD continuous neuroleptic dosage for these 33 outpatients was 416 +/- 527 mg/day chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents. The dosage distribution was skewed, with 17 (52%) receiving < or = 200 mg/day CPZ [corrected] equivalents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic neuroleptic administration occurred frequently in our sample of nonhospitalized bipolar outpatients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Conn., USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sernyak
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Godleski
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mazure
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003237:Connecticut; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium