title: Technical and economic feasibility of reusing disposable perfusion cannulae.
abstract: The reuse of disposable devices is a potential source of significant cost savings to hospitals. Venous and arterial perfusion cannulae under new and reused conditions were selected to identify the clinical, safety, technical, logistic, and economic issues that must be addressed to realize these savings. Single- and dual-stage venous and arterial cannulae from two manufacturers were tested when new, after initial clinical use, and after a single clinical use plus up to nine simulated reuses. Reuse was simulated by end-to-end bending, coupling and uncoupling the connectors, and by two 1-hour soaks in plasma at 4 degrees C and 40 degrees C, respectively. Cannulae were decontaminated and then sterilized by a peracetic acid based liquid chemical sterilization system following each use/reuse. Sterilization was validated by eliminating Bacillus subtilis spores from the cannulae on each of five consecutive cycles. Cannulae were tested for physical changes, functional integrity, biocompatibility, and in vivo performance in sheep. A cost minimization analysis was also performed. No clinically important differences were found between new and reused cannulae, even after nine simulated reuses. Mechanical changes were less than 20% on all variables studied and were undetectable by experienced cardiac surgeons in selective evaluation. Sterilization was successfully achieved. Reusing cannulae for times would reduce the cost per procedure from $53 to $19 (64%). Perfusion cannulae tested can be safely and efficaciously used five times. This study suggests that reuse would result in a small incremental savings; however, with more expensive devices and higher-volume sterilization procedures, the savings could be exponentially greater. Although this study demonstrates that it may be technically feasible and cost-effective to reuse disposable cannulae, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not sanction the reuse of disposable cannulae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cornhill
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Malchesky
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bolsen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Haire
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Loop
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D002404:Catheterization / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000191:economics; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design; D017743:Equipment Reuse / Q000191:economics; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010477:Perfusion / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010949:Plasma; D012756:Sheep; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004202:Disinfectants; D010463:Peracetic Acid