title: Maintained cardiac output during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation in open-chest pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Does ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) act to reduce cardiac output (CO) not only by impeding venous return but also by inducing myocardial depression? The present study was aimed to demonstrate the possible existence of this latter mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight pigs of Swedish native breed weighing 20-25 kg and 10-12 weeks old were anaesthetized, tracheotomized and connected to a volume-controlled ventilator. To prevent intrathoracic pressure from interfering with venous return, the heart and juxtacardiac vessels were exposed to atmospheric pressure by opening and retracting the chest and pericardium. Heart rate (HR), CO, stroke volume (SV), mean arterial (MAP), mean right (MRAP) and left (MLAP) atrial pressures were recorded before and after retransfusion of 500 ml of autologous blood. This procedure was carried out twice in each animal-during ventilation with zero and with 15 cm H2O of PEEP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the two ventilation modes before volume load revealed negligible differences in HR, CO, SV, MAP, MRAP and MLAP. Moreover, the changes evoked by volume load were practically identical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of PEEP to regular positive pressure ventilation does not induce any haemodynamically detectable myocardial depression in the piglet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haldén
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jakobson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D013552:Swine