title: Labour analgesia with intrathecal fentanyl decreases maternal stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA) decreases maternal stress as measured by maternal circulating plasma catecholamine concentrations. Intrathecal fentanyl (ITF) provides effective labour analgesia but its effect on maternal epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations is not known. This study assesses whether ITF reduces maternal stress in the same manner as conventional LEA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy women in active labour received either 25 micrograms ITF (n = 12) or epidural lidocaine 1.5% (n = 12) for analgesia. Venous blood samples were collected before anaesthesia and at five minute intervals for 30 min following anaesthesia for the measurement of plasma Epi and NE by high performance liquid chromatography. Maternal blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), visual analog scores (VAS) to pain and pruritus were recorded at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both ITF and LEA decreased pain VAS scores, maternal BP, and plasma Epi concentrations with only minimal effects on plasma NE concentrations. Intrathecal fentanyl (ITF) and LEA reduced plasma epi to a similar extent, with ITF reducing the levels slightly faster than LEA. Intrathecal fentanyl(ITF) and LEA reduced plasma Epi concentrations by 52% and 51%, respectively (P value < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ITF is as effective as LEA in producing pain relief in the labouring patient. Intrathecal Fentanyl (ITF) is also capable of reducing maternal plasma epinephrine concentration, thus avoiding the possibly deleterious side effects of excess amounts of this catecholamine during labour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cascio
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pygon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine