title: Value of single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the value of different parameters derived from single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy of the mesial temporal lobes in the lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 12 healthy volunteers and 21 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy refractory to medical treatment, which was clearly lateralized with electroencephalography (EEG) and MR imaging. The mesial temporal lobes were investigated with single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy using a point-resolved spectroscopic sequence with an echo time of 135 milliseconds. The normalized concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho), and the metabolite ratios NAA/Cho+Cr, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cho were calculated from the spectra. Using these values and an asymmetry index, we assigned the patients to one of five lateralization categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most consistent MR spectroscopic parameter for clear lateralization was the NAA/Cho+Cr ratio, followed by the NAA ratio. But with an adequate asymmetry index, the epilepsy in 17 (81%) of 21 patients could be lateralized by EEG and MR imaging with both parameters concordantly. Symmetric bilateral abnormalities were found in four of the 21 patients with NAA/Cho+Cr and in only one of the 21 patients with NAA. With both parameters, no contradictory lateralization was found; however, this was indeed the case with the remaining ratios, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cho, in two, three, and one of the patients, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in NAA was found on the epileptic side, but also on the contralateral side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an adequate asymmetry index, NAA/Cho+Cr and NAA are equally sensitive in predicting the side of involvement in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Achten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van De Kerckhove
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caemaert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Reuck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunnen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline