title: Influence of apolipoprotein A-1 promoter polymorphism on lipid levels and responses to dietary change in Finnish adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association between the G/A polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) promoter region and plasma lipid levels, as well as their responses to dietary change, in Finnish adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 86 subjects (42 men. 44 women) who attended a dietary intervention study carried out in North Karelia in 1993 were available for the current analysis. The diet study consisted of a 2-week baseline period, followed by an 8-week intervention period, and an 8-week switchback period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diet was modified to a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet during the dietary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apoliprotein levels were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo A-1 levels were higher (P < 0.01) and the triglyceride levels were lower (P < 0.05) in men, but not in women, with the A allele. The differences in HDL cholesterol and apo A-1 levels between genotypes remained during the lowfat, low-cholesterol diet and switchback periods. Apart from the difference between responses in apo A-1 during switchback to the original diet, lipid responses to dietary change did not differ significantly between genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate a significant association between the apo A-1 promoter polymorphism and plasma apo A-1 and HDL-cholesterol in men. In theory, the higher plasma HDL-cholesterol and apo A-1 levels in the GA/AA group may confer some protection against coronary artery disease. The differences in HDL-cholesterol and apo A-1 levels between genotypes persisted during different diets suggesting that the possible benefit is independent of fat and cholesterol intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pajukanta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valsta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietinen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008074:Lipoproteins