title: Hamburger's achievement with early renal transplants.
abstract: In 1947 Hamburger mapped out his course of action to achieve successful renal transplantation and then undertook what he had predicted. His steps were as follows: in 1952, graft of a kidney from a mother to her son, a failure providing more information than any experimental attempt; in 1959, a transplantation from a non-identical twin to his irradiated brother, a rare success with this dangerous immunosuppression; in 1964, a successful graft from a dead donor, with Dausset's introduction of HLA typing to match the donor and the recipient. Hamburger's and Crosnier's endeavours were interwoven with those of other physicians and surgeons: in Paris, Küss and Legrain, in Boston, Murray and, especially, Merrill, with whom Hamburger shared more than a friendship.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Medicine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richet
mesh_terms: D005602:France; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology