title: Long-term influence of different postmenopausal hormone replacement regimens on serum lipids and lipoprotein(a): a randomised study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of three different postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies on levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)].
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, randomised, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty healthy, early postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The women were randomised to receive continuous 17 beta-oestradiol, either orally (2 mg daily; n = 35) or transdermally (50 micrograms daily; n = 35), plus 10 mg dydrogesterone daily for 14 days of each 28-day cycle; or 2.5 mg tibolone daily (n = 35). Thirty-five untreated women acted as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting blood samples were analysed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)], apolipoproteins A-1, A-2 and B, fibrinogen, and antithrombin factor III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 months oral oestradiol increased mean HDL cholesterol (7%; 95% CI 1-14), compared with no change in the transdermal group and a decrease of 26.8% in the tibolone group (95% CI 22.9-30.5); oral oestradiol decreased mean LDL cholesterol (11.8%; 95% CI 6.3-19), compared with no change in the tibolone group. Changes in apolipoprotein A-1 and B showed a similar pattern to HDL and LDL cholesterol, respectively. Oral oestradiol increased serum triglycerides (30%; 95% CI 18-42) after 24 months, compared with no change in the tibolone and transdermal oestradiol groups. Tibolone decreased serum Lp(a) by 36.6% after 24 months (95% CI 8.3-56.2), oral oestradiol decreased levels by 29.4% (95% CI 2-51.1), compared with no change in the transdermal oestradiol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral and to a lesser extent transdermal oestradiol when sequentially combined with dydrogesterone, showed a beneficial influence on serum lipids regarding the cardiovascular disease risk, which was not seen with tibolone. The significance of Lp(a) levels on cardiovascular disease risk remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hänggi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lippuner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Riesen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Birkhäuser
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009652:Norpregnenes; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D004958:Estradiol; D004394:Dydrogesterone; C027385:tibolone