title: ALK, the chromosome 2 gene locus altered by the t(2;5) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, encodes a novel neural receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly related to leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK)
abstract: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) was originally identified as a member of the insulin receptor subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that acquires transforming capability when truncated and fused to nucleophosmin (NPM) in the t(2;5) chromosomal rearrangement associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but further insights into its normal structure and function are lacking. Here, we characterize a full-length normal human ALK cDNA and its product, and determine the pattern of expression of its murine homologue in embryonic and adult tissues as a first step toward the functional assessment of the receptor. Analysis of the 6226 bp ALK cDNA identified an open reading frame encoding a 1620-amino acid (aa) protein of predicted mass approximately 177 kDa that is most closely related to leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK), the two exhibiting 57% aa identity and 71% similarity over their region of overlap. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the approximately 177 kDa ALK polypeptide core undergoes co-translational N-linked glycosylation, emerging in its mature form as a 200 kDa single chain receptor. Surface labeling studies indicated that the 200 kDa glycoprotein is exposed at the cell membrane, consistent with the prediction that ALK serves as the receptor for an unidentified ligand(s). In situ hybridization studies revealed Alk expression beginning on embryonic day 11 and persisting into the neonatal and adult periods of development. Alk transcripts were confined to the nervous system and included several thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei; the trigeminal, facial, and acoustic cranial ganglia; the anterior horns of the spinal cord in the region of the developing motor neurons; the sympathetic chain; and the ganglion cells of the gut. Thus, ALK is a novel orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that appears to play an important role in the normal development and function of the nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Naeve
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kirstein
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D000818:Animals; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C000626173:ALK protein, human; C000626174:Alk protein, mouse; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; C489300:LTK protein, human; C064626:Ltk protein, mouse; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases