title: Left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: value of prenatal MR imaging in preparation for fetal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in determination of the position of the fetal liver and amount of lung tissue in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In three pregnant women, MR imaging was performed with a 1.5-T magnet and fast gradient-echo, half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo, and echo-planar sequences. MR imaging findings were compared with those from ultrasound (US) performed the same day. The fetuses were 20, 23, and 32 weeks gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fetal liver was demonstrated in the chest in all three fetuses with MR imaging and in only one fetus with US. The best images of the fetal liver were obtained with a T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence. The best images of the entire fetus were obtained with a half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these fetuses, MR imaging proved important by clearly demonstrating herniation of fetal liver into the chest, thereby changing family counseling and prenatal care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adzick
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Crombleholme
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Haselgrove
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005865:Gestational Age; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal