title: The pacifier thermometer. Comparison of supralingual with rectal temperatures in infants and young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between supralingual temperatures obtained with a new electronic pacifier thermometer (Steridyne) and rectal temperatures obtained with a digital electronic thermometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric emergency department and pediatric inpatient ward of a tertiary university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 100 patients, aged 7 days to 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A supralingual and rectal temperature were obtained for each patient. For the first 30 patients, the time needed for the pacifier thermometer to signal a final, steady-state reading was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD difference between rectal temperatures and supralingual temperatures adjusted upward by 0.5 degree F was -0.01 degree F +/- 0.42 degree F (statistically zero) (95% confidence interval, -0.09 degree F to 0.07 degree F). The correlation coefficient between supralingual and rectal temperatures was 0.95. Sensitivity and specificity of the pacifier thermometer for detecting fever (temperature > or = 100.4 degrees F [> or = 38.0 degrees C]) was 72.0% and 98.0%, respectively (positive predictive value, 97.3%; negative predictive value, 77.8%). Increasing supralingual temperatures by 0.5 degree F increased sensitivity to 92.0%, and decreased specificity to 76.0% (positive predictive value, 79.3%; negative predictive value, 90.5%). It took an average time of 3 minutes 23 seconds for the pacifier thermometer to display a steady-state temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pacifier thermometer evaluated here was found to be an accurate means of temperature measurement when recorded temperatures were adjusted upward by 0.5 degree F. The approximate 3 minutes required for a final temperature determination makes the pacifier thermometer most appropriate for use in low-volume ambulatory care settings and in the home. Further investigation of this device is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Fla, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Press
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013821:Thermometers