title: A prospective survey of the causes of non-traumatic spastic paraparesis and tetraparesis in 585 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the relative frequencies of the causes of non-traumatic paraparesis and tetraparesis in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of patients enrolled prospectively over a 3 year period between 1986 and 1989 and review of their case notes 1 year after enrollment ceased (mean duration of follow up 30 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional neurosciences centre in the UK serving over three million people in Merseyside and North Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experienced clinicians from the centre saw most patients in the region with non-traumatic spastic paraparesis or tetraparesis. Primary investigation of patients was by myelography, for which patients were admitted to the centre. 585 consecutive patients with spastic paraparesis or tetraparesis were identified by daily screening of all 2104 patients undergoing myelography or radiculography during the 3 year period, ie selection by the intention to investigate them for myelopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  age under 15 years, previous myelography for myelopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numbers and proportions of patients with each condition or category of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Commonest diagnoses were cervical spondylotic myelopathy (23.6%), extrinsic neoplastic or developmental tumour (16.4%), multiple sclerosis (9.1% rising to 17.8% after MRI of a selected group), and motor neurone disease (4.1%). Diagnosis was uncertain in 27.4%, falling to 18.6% after MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey shows the pattern of diseases producing non-traumatic myelopathy in the Mersey Region and in North Wales. Changing patterns of referral, investigation in peripheral hospitals and by non neurologically trained practitioners, and increasing use of outpatient MRI for primary investigation may make comparable surveys impossible in the future.
authors.affiliation: Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Walton Hospital, Liverpool, U.K.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Blumhardt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009128:Muscle Spasticity; D009192:Myelography; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology*; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis