title: Facial neuromuscular retraining for oral synkinesis.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcome of facial neuromuscular retraining for brow to oral and ocular to oral synkinesis in individuals with facial nerve disorders. Fourteen patients with unilateral facial nerve disorders and oral synkinesis who were enrolled in physical therapy for retraining were studied. Synkinesis was measured with quantitative video facial position analysis prior to the initiation of physical therapy and at regular intervals during retraining. Retraining included surface electromyographic biofeedback-assisted specific strategies for facial muscle reeducation and a home exercise program of specific facial movements. Twelve of 13 patients with brow to oral synkinesis and 12 of 14 patients with ocular to oral synkinesis reduced their synkinesis with retraining. Patients with a 1-year on greater duration of a facial neuromuscular disorder (excluding patients with unusually marked changes) demonstrated a significant decrease in brow to oral synkinesis and in ocular to oral synkinesis; there was a mean percentage decline in abnormal movement of 60.5 percent (SD = 26.48) and 30.1 percent (SD = 62.57), respectively. We conclude that brow to oral and ocular to oral synkineses associated with partial recovery from facial paralysis were reduced with facial neuromuscular retraining for individuals with facial nerve disorders.
authors.affiliation: Facial Nerve Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brach
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: VanSwearingen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lenert
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004576:Electromyography; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000502:physiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording