title: Long-term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization. International Anandron Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the long-term efficacy and tolerability of nilutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, combined with orchiectomy in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large double-blind trial was done on 457 patients randomized to receive nilutamide or placebo after orchiectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 8.5 years of followup significant benefits were found for progression and survival in favor of patients receiving nilutamide and orchiectomy. In addition, normalized prostate specific antigen levels at 3 months from the start of therapy were predictive of good long-term outcome. Moreover, combined androgen blockade with nilutamide increased the chance of patients having normal prostate specific antigen levels at 3 months. Nilutamide was well tolerated in the long term with no increase in the incidence of drug specific adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With long-term followup of patients with advanced prostate cancer, the combination of nilutamide and orchiectomy has significant benefits in interval to progression and improved survival compared to orchiectomy and placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dijkman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Janknegt
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: De Reijke
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Debruyne
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048289:Imidazolidines; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D048289:Imidazolidines; C021277:nilutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen