title: Enhanced leukocyte binding by intestinal microvascular endothelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microvascular endothelial cells mediate leukocyte homing, angiogenesis, and inflammation and healing and show tissue-specific adhesion molecules and functions. The activation of human intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) was studied in vitro to uncover possible abnormalities associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIMECs were isolated from normal and inflammatory bowel disease mucosa and assessed for phenotypic and morphological features, proliferative response, leukocyte binding capacity, and adhesion molecule expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal proliferation by HIMECs was less than that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) but increased proportionally more in response to vascular endothelial growth factor. Proinflammatory stimuli induced an activated, spindle-shaped morphology in HIMEC monolayers. Compared with HUVECs, unstimulated HIMECs showed less adhesiveness for U937 and MOLT4 cells and neutrophils, but cytokines and lipopolysaccharide substantially increased the binding capacity of HIMECs. HIMECs derived from inflammatory bowel disease mucosa showed a markedly greater leukocyte-binding capacity than normal mucosal HIMECs. Patterns of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin messenger RNA expression were distinct in HIMECs, HUVECs, and mucosal mesenchymal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIMECs represent differentiated endothelial cells with unique functional properties. Their dramatically enhanced capacity to bind leukocytes in inflammatory bowel disease suggests that HIMECs play an important role in initiating or maintaining inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio 44106-4952, USA.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Binion
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ina
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Ziats
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Emancipator
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiocchi
mesh_terms: D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*