title: Hyperviscosity and microproteinuria in central obesity: relevance to cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of blood rheology changes in the occurrence of glomerular proteinuria in obese patients with central fat distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine obese out-patients (31 with central and 28 with peripheral body fat distribution) and 24 healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and plasma viscosity (Rotational viscometer CV100 HAAKE), erythrocyte deformability (whole-blood filtration time), fibrinogen (nephelometry), urinary excretion rates of albumin, IgG, transferrin and IgA (nephelometry).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher blood viscosity (at low and high shear-rates), plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, erythrocyte aggregability and lower erythrocyte deformability were found in patients with central obesity than in patients with peripheral obesity (P < 0.01) and in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Furthermore an increased urinary excretion rate of albumin (P < 0.001), IgG (P < 0.001), transferrin (P < 0.01) and IgA (P < 0.05) was found in patients with central obesity than in the other two groups. Blood hyperviscosity (at shear-rate 1 s-1 and 1/200 ratio) significantly correlated with the amount of urinary excretion of proteins independently of the other clinical and metabolic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrated haemorheologic disorders related to pathologic proteinuria in patients with central obesity. The interaction between these two components may increase the risk of widespread cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Ospedale S. Margherita, Italy.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Solerte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pezza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schifino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cerutti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Severgnini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rondanelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000652:urine; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011507:Proteinuria; D012212:Rheology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014168:Transferrin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014168:Transferrin