title: Ambulatory monitoring of left ventricular function: walk and bicycle exercise in congestive heart failure.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess changes in left ventricular (LV) function during 6-min walk test and cardiopulmonary exercise by continuous radionuclide monitoring in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with CHF and 10 normal subjects underwent monitoring of LV function (Vest) during 6-min walk test and during bicycle exercise with combined analysis of pulmonary gas exchange. During cardiopulmonary exercise, all parameters of LV function were measured at rest, at the anaerobic threshold (AT) and at peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal subjects, during the walk test, heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) significantly increased from rest to peak (all p < 0.001), while end-systolic volume (ESV) significantly decreased from rest to peak (p < 0.001). In patients with CHF, during the walk test, HR, EDV, ESV and CO significantly increased from rest to peak (p < 0.001), EF significantly decreased from rest to peak (p < 0.001) and SV did not show significant change. During cardiopulmonary exercise, normal subjects showed a significant increase in HR and CO, from rest to AT and from AT to the peak VO2 (p < 0.001). EF, EDV and SV significantly increased from rest to AT (p < 0.001), with no significant change from AT to peak VO2. ESV decreased from rest to AT (p < 0.001), showing no significant change from AT to peak VO2. In patients with CHF, HR, CO, ESV and EDV increased significantly from rest to AT (p < 0.001) and from AT to peak VO2 (p < 0.001). EF and SV did not show significant changes from rest to AT, showing a significant decrease from AT to peak VO2 (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vest can be used to evaluate cardiac responses during 6-min walk test and cardiopulmonary exercise in patients with CHF. In such patients, significant impairment of LV function is already present during submaximal physical exercise becoming more evident during the anaerobic phases of bicycle exercise.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Center of the National Council of Research (CNR) and Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nappi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuocolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbriaco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varrone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morisco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimarco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvatore
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology