title: [Micropenis in children: etiology, diagnosis and therapy].
abstract: The term 'micropenis' is applied if the measured penile length is more than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for the age; in neonates born at term this means a penile length of less than 2 cm. Micropenis is the consequence of a defect which develops after the 14th week of pregnancy. The cause may be hormonal (hypothalamo-hypophysial (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism), testicular (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) or end organ resistance), but also iatrogenic (medication during the pregnancy). In addition, micropenis occurs as a part of a number of syndromes. The diagnostic investigation comprises history-taking, physical examination, specific hormonal testing and, if considered necessary, chromosomal and imaging examinations. In the treatment of micropenis, a trial treatment with testosterone plays an important part.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis, vakgroep Kindergeneeskunde, Leiden.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Massa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Langenhorst
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oostdijk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens