title: Effect of small-volume resuscitation on intracranial pressure and related cerebral variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Head injury outcome is adversely affected by the presence of hypotension. Therapies directed at rapidly correcting hypotension may improve outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two separate studies, we investigated small-volume resuscitation (4 mL/kg) using Ringer's lactate, hypertonic saline and dextran, and diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin in a porcine model of cryogenic brain injury and shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline and dextran and diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin significantly improved mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure compared with Ringer's lactate. These data suggest that small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline and dextran or diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin may effectively limit or prevent secondary ischemic brain injury after head injury and shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shackford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000209:etiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; C053936:hemoglobin XL99alpha; D001241:Aspirin