title: Endothelial cell protein S synthesis is upregulated by the complex of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor.
abstract: We have recently demonstrated that the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), could upregulate the production of protein S in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG-2, but not in endothelial cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that the combination of exogenous IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) could significantly upregulate protein S production in both primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in the immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line, HMEC-1. The IL-6/sIL-6R complex was also able to rapidly induce tyrosine phosphorylation of the IL-6 transducer, gp130. Neutralizing antibodies directed against either IL-6 or gp130 blocked protein S upregulation by the IL-6/sIL-6R complex. It was also observed that exogenous sIL-6R could also upregulate protein S by forming a complex with IL-6 constitutively produced by the endothelial cell. Two other cytokines which also utilize the gp130 receptor, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), were also able to upregulate endothelial cell protein S. This study demonstrates a mechanism that allows endothelial cells to respond to IL-6 and also illustrates the potential importance of circulating soluble receptors in the regulation of the anticoagulation pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Evatt
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017293:Protein S / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000502:physiology*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; C508351:OSM protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D017293:Protein S; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053683:Oncostatin M; D003907:Dexamethasone