title: Fractionated dosing of cyclophosphamide for establishing long-lasting skin allograft survival, stable mixed chimerism, and intrathymic clonal deletion in mice primed with allogeneic spleen cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injection of allo-spleen cells (SC) followed by a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CP) can induce tolerance of tumor and/or skin allografts in mice. To minimize the damage caused by CP, fractionation of CP that can establish long-lasting skin graft survival, stable mixed chimerism, and intrathymic clonal deletion in the host was investigated in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allo-SC (10(8)) were given intravenously on day 0. CP at 200 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally on day 2 in a single dose (CP 200x1 group). CP at 100, 66, 50, 40, and 33 mg/kg was given daily from day 1 through days 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively, in the fractionated doses (CP 100x2, 66x3, 50x4, 40x5, and 33x6 groups; total dose=200 mg/kg). Allografting was performed on day 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a fully allogeneic combination of C57BL/6 (H2b)-->AKR (H2k, Mls-1a), an EL-4 tumor (H2b) was specifically accepted to kill the AKR mice in all of the SC+CP 200x1, 100x2, 66x3, 50x4, 40x5, and 33x6 groups (n=6), but C57BL/6 skin graft survival was not prolonged in any of the tumor-tolerant groups. In an H2-identical combination of AKR-->C3H (H2k, Mls-1b), AKR skin graft survival was prolonged remarkably (80-90 days) in the SC+CP 200x1, 100x2, and 66x3 groups (n=5-11), but was prolonged moderately (20-60 days) in the SC+CP 50x4 and 40x5 groups. In both of the SC+CP 200x1 and 66x3 groups in the AKR-->C3H combination, mixed chimerism was maintained for as long as 100 days after tolerance induction in both the spleen and thymus, associated with intrathymic clonal deletion of Vbeta6+ T cells. The decreases in leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, spleen weight, SC count, and body weight were significantly smaller in the SC+CP 66x3 group than in the SC+CP 200x1 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractionated CP is effective in ameliorating the compromised state induced by a single dose of CP. To induce a long-lasting skin allograft survival associated with stable mixed chimerism and intrathymic clonal deletion in an H2-identical combination, 200 mg/kg of CP can be divided into three or fewer fractions.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Q W
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umesue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017637:Clonal Deletion / Q000502:physiology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008806:Mice, Inbred AKR; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology*; D018183:Transplantation Chimera / Q000502:physiology*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide