title: Effect of inhaled glucocorticoids on IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) expression in asthmatic bronchial epithelium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating evidence suggests that the cytokine network is central to the immunopathology of bronchial asthma and the existence of naturally occurring cytokine antagonists has added to this complexity. Upregulation of both interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and its naturally occurring receptor antagonist, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), has previously been observed on asthmatic bronchial epithelium compared with normal airways.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on asthmatic bronchial epithelial expression of IL-1 beta and IL-1ra was studied. Frozen bronchial biopsy specimens from nine asthmatic subjects receiving 1000 micrograms BDP daily for eight weeks and from six asthmatic subjects receiving matching placebo were stained with anti-IL-1 beta and anti-IL-1ra antibodies. Hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) colour image analysis was used to quantify the brown immunoperoxidase reaction colour present on the bronchial epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant twofold decrease in the epithelial expression of IL-1 beta after treatment with BDP but no significant change was seen in IL-1ra (P = 0.175).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The selective inhibition of IL-1 beta, without effect on IL-1ra, provides a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Trigg
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hawksworth
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nakhosteen
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D001507:Beclomethasone