title: Sunscreen protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers in mouse epidermal DNA.
abstract: Pyrimidine dimers were measured in epidermal DNA of SKH:HR1 mice following exposure to solar-simulated UV radiation (SSUV, 290-400 nm) or to UVA (320-400 nm). Mice were exposed to SSUV or UVA after topical application (2 mg/cm2) of vehicle, a UVB absorber (5% 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate [2-EHMC]), or a broad-spectrum UVA absorber (5% Mexoryl SX). The rates of induction of pyrimidine dimers in untreated animals were 5.4 +/- 0.57 x 10(-4) (mean +/- SEM) and 7.6 +/- 0.95 x 10(-6) dimers per 10(8) Da of epidermal DNA per J/m2 of SSUV and UVA, respectively. Topical application of Mexoryl SX reduced the rate of induction of pyrimidine dimers in SSUV-exposed animals to 4.7 +/- 0.44 x 10(-5) dimers per 10(8) Da per J/m2 for a dimer induction protection factor (PF) of 11.5 (5.4 x 10(-4)/4.7 x 10(-5). The rate of dimer induction in Mexoryl SX-treated, UVA-exposed mice was 0.95 +/- 0.2 x 10(-6) dimers per 10(8) Da per J/m2 (PF = 8.0). The 2-EHMC at a concentration of 5% (wt/wt) was significantly less effective than Mexoryl SX in preventing the induction of pyrimidine dimers in animals exposed to either SSUV or UVA. The rates of dimer induction in 2-EHMC-treated mice were 8.2 +/- 1.1 x 10(-5) and 3.8 +/- 0.33 x 10(-6) dimers per Da per J/m2 of SSUV (PF = 6.6) and UVA (PF = 2.0), respectively. Upon normalizing to the efficacy for edema induction, UVA induced approximately one-fourth the number of pyrimidine dimers per equivalent edematous response when compared to SSUV.
authors.affiliation: Photomedicine Program, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fourtanier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D004247:DNA