title: Dynamics of pear-shaped dimensions and volume of intracavitary brachytherapy in cancer of the cervix: a desirable pear shape in the era of three-dimensional treatment planning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the dynamics of pear-shaped dimensions and volume of the intracavitary brachytherapy, and to define a desirable pear-shape in the era of three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since Point A has been used for the dose specification, the pear shape defined the surface enclosed by Point A. This study utilized a new method of evaluating pear-shaped dimensions and its configuration. The pear shape was artificially divided into tandem and colpostat portions for evaluation of its changes. Width, height, and thickness at the tandem portion (Wt, Ht, and Tt) and at the colpostat portion (Wc, Hc, and Tc) were defined, respectively, on the frontal and sagittal plane. To evaluate the dynamics of the pear-shape configuration, 12 variations of applicator geometry and source loading were applied to generate the pear-shape isodose line and dose-volume histogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the source strengths in the colpostats were reduced for optimization with the same dose to Point A dose, Wc, Hc, and Tc were decreased, whereas Wt, Ht, and Tt were increased without a change in the overall pear-shaped volume. When the separation of the colpostats was increased without a change in the source strength, Wc was increased, whereas Hc and Tc were reduced without a change in Wt, Ht, Tt and overall pear-shape volume. When the separation of colpostats and distal tandem source were increased, these changes at the colpostat portion were magnified. However, when both colpostat separation and its source strength were increased proportionally, Wc, Hc, and Tc were increased proportionally as well as its volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose specification at Point A is less meaningful without a desirable pear shape encompassing the tumor around the cervix. In the era of 3D treatment planning, understanding the dynamics of the pear shape should improve the individualized dosimetry according to tumor size and location. The relationships between a desirable pear shape and its tumor coverage should establish a more reliable dose specification for cancer of the cervix.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233-6832, USA.
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Caranto
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Pareek
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Virostek
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*