title: Diaphragmatic dysfunction after heart or lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and outcome of diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients after heart or lung transplantation and to assess the value of bedside sonography for the detection of diaphragmatic dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 33 heart transplant recipients and 27 lung transplant recipients by use of sonography of the diaphragm and fluoroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diaphragmatic dysfunction, diagnosed with ultrasonography and confirmed with fluoroscopy, was present in four heart transplant recipients (12.1%) and two lung transplant recipients (7.4%) and such dysfunction led to a statistically significant higher incidence of pneumonia during hospitalization and a nonstatistically significant increased length of intubation compared with patients with normal diaphragmatic function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diaphragmatic dysfunction, which can be reliably diagnosed with bedside sonography, is common after heart and lung transplantation and seems to have a negative influence on patient recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dorffner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eibenberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Youssefzadeh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuckermann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grabenwöger
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Metz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003964:Diaphragm; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors