title: Transformation of subcutaneous nitric oxide into nitrate in the rat.
abstract: Following its addition to arterialized blood in vitro, nitric oxide (NO) is transformed into nitrate in the erythrocytes. Inhaled NO is similarly transformed into nitrate in the blood in vivo. These observations suggest that nitrate is a universal end-metabolite of NO, i.e. of endogenously formed NO as well. However, endogenous NO may also be inactivated in tissues, i.e. outside the vascular lumen. To study the fate of NO metabolized with delayed access to the blood, rats were given subcutaneous injections of 15NO or K15NO3, and the plasma concentrations of 15NO3(-) were followed for 450 min after injection. The values for the distribution volume and plasma decay (t12) of 15NO3(-) did not differ between rats given 15N-labelled NO and NO3(-). The area under the plasma decay curve for rats given 15NO amounted to 89% of the corresponding area for animals given K15NO3. This demonstrates that 15NO, when given extravascularly in millimolar concentrations, is mainly transformed into 15N-labelled nitrate. Other rats were kept in an atmosphere containing a mixture of 16O2 and 18O2. Nitrate residues containing either one or two 18O atoms were isolated from the blood, indicating that inhaled oxygen was incorporated during both the formation of NO and the subsequent transformation of NO into nitrate. The fraction of nitrate residues containing two 18O atoms was larger than that containing one 18O atom. We propose that nitrate is a major stable metabolite of endogenous NO that does not primarily diffuse into the vascular lumen following formation. Hence nitrate seems to be the quantitatively most important end-product of the metabolism of endogenous NO. The transformation of endogenous NO into nitrate involves the incorporation of inhaled oxygen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benthin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Björkhem
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakinis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennmalm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen