title: Platelet-activating factor contributes to immune cell and oxidant-mediated intestinal secretion.
abstract: The sensitivity of the Ussing-chambered rat colon to stimulation of Cl- secretion (as measured by the change in short-circuit current) by exogenous platelet-activating factor (PAF) was increased significantly by washing the colon in vitro with Ringer's solution containing fatty acid-free albumin. When the wash solution was extracted with chloroform/methanol and the lipid extract was added back to Ussing-chambered colons, inhibition of PAF-stimulated short-circuit current was observed, whereas short-circuit current responses to bradykinin or vasoactive intestinal peptide were not affected. Hypoxia appears to be an important trigger for the down-regulation of the PAF response. These data suggest that hypoxia releases PAF or an endogenous lipid PAF inhibitor that desensitizes PAF receptors on colonic epithelial or mucosal cells. The short-circuit current response of rabbit colon to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was not inhibited by any PAF antagonist devoid of cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity but was strongly inhibited by indomethacin. In contrast, anti-IgE- or H2O2-stimulated short-circuit current in rat colon was inhibited by specific PAF antagonists, and this inhibition was additive with indomethacin. Both anti-IgE and H2O2 significantly increased PAF production by rat colon. These data suggest that PAF plays an important role in oxidant (H2O2)- and anti-IgE-mediated colonic Cl- secretion but not in Cl- secretion mediated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated phagocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hinterleitner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Valentich
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welton
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D016877:Oxidants; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor