title: Classification and comparison of oral contraceptives containing new generation progestogens.
abstract: New generation-oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene, and possibly also norgestimate, are more or less similar with respect to contraceptive efficacy, cycle control and acceptability. They also show a more favourable metabolic profile in comparison with older preparations. The desogestrel-containing preparations Gracial and Marvelon, and possibly also the gestodene-containing preparation Gynera, have demonstrated a good efficacy in well-controlled studies in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and/or hirsutism. There may be differences between new generation oral contraceptives with respect to their effects on metabolic variables like high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone-binding globulin. These differences are most probably modulated by variations in both the pharmacokinetics and selectivity of the progestogenic components. Of particular relevance here may be the recent finding that approximately 20% of administered norgestimate is metabolized into levonorgestrel. For use in clinical practice, it is of considerable help to have different preparations containing a range of oestrogen doses with the same progestogen. They allow the clinician to 'tailor make' the choice of oral contraceptives for those starting pill use or those switching to another combination due to symptomatology or changed circumstances, e.g. advancing age, smoking, etc. In this respect, desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives allow the most flexible approach.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, Women's Health Care Trust, Edgbaston, UK.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011372:Progestins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D009652:Norpregnenes; D011372:Progestins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; C033273:Gestodene; D017135:Desogestrel