title: Phosphorylation of canine distemper virus P protein by protein kinase C-zeta and casein kinase II.
abstract: Transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses is mediated by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and transcriptional cofactor P. The P protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. The kinase used differs among this group of RNA viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase II (CKII), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes PKC isoform zeta (PKC-zeta) for activation of its P protein. To identify the cellular kinase(s) involved in the phosphorylation of the canine distemper virus (CDV) P protein, we used recombinant CDV P in phosphorylation assays with native kinase activities present in CV1 cell extracts or purified CKII and PKC isoforms. Here, we demonstrate that the CDV P protein is phosphorylated by two cellular kinases, where PKC-zeta has the major and CKII the minor activities. In contrast, the P protein of another member of the morbillivirus genus, measles virus, is phosphorylated predominantly by CKII, whereas PKC-zeta has only minor activity. Selective inhibition of PKC-zeta activity within CV1 cells eliminated permissiveness to CDV replication, indicating an in vivo role for PKC-zeta in the virus replication cycle. The broad tissue expression of PKC-zeta parallels the pantropic nature of CDV infections, suggesting that PKC-zeta activity is a determinant of cellular permissiveness to CDV replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huntley
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: De
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oglesbee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D047390:Casein Kinase II; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta