title: Preoperative evaluation of tumor extension in patients with recurrent cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pelvic exenteration is an option in the treatment of locally recurrent cervical cancer. Various preoperative diagnostic procedures in the estimation of tumor invasion of the bladder and rectum or lymphonodal involvement were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy, intravenous pyelography, irrigoscopy, rectoscopy, and computed tomography were evaluated by comparing the preoperative findings with the histological result as the 'golden standards'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the assessment of bladder invasion the sensitivity of cystoscopy, intravenous pyelography and computed tomography was 22.2%, 55.6% and 55.6%, respectively. The overall sensitivity of the three diagnostic procedures was 77.8%. In the assessment of invasion of the rectum irrigoscopy, rectoscopy and CT revealed a sensitivity of 33.3%, respectively. Only 50% of all cases with tumor infiltration of the rectum showed positive results when all three diagnostic procedures were combined. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography in the diagnosis of lymphonodal involvement were 75% and 83.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We think that there is an obvious necessity for all diagnostic procedures for patient selection prior to pelvic exenteration. However, all these investigations are not conclusive but complement each other. Prior to pelvic exenteration, critical interpretation of all preoperative diagnostic procedures is mandatory, otherwise surgery results in an unintended palliative procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeisler
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Joura
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moeschl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koelbl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000592:standards; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy / Q000592:standards; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards; D014567:Urography / Q000592:standards; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery