title: The long terminal repeats of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and human T-cell leukemia virus type-I are activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate through different pathways.
abstract: The LTRs of HIV-1 and HTLV-I have been shown by several laboratories to be activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). This agent is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). However, long exposure to TPA downregulates PKC in many cell types. We demonstrated that TPA treatment of Jurkat cells for more than 24 hr resulted in a sever depletion of this enzyme. Therefore, to explore the role of PKC in the effect of TPA on these LTRs, we transfected Jurkat cells with HIV-1 LTR-CAT or HTLV-I LTR-CAT construct after 72 hr of TPA pretreatment. While this TPA pretreatment considerably reduced the HIV-1 LTR basal expression, it strongly stimulated the expression of HTLV-I LTR. Furthermore, when TPA was added after transfection, a strong stimulation of HIV-1 LTR was observed, which could be abrogated by PKC inhibitors like H7 and chelerythryn. However, under these conditions TPA stimulated HTLV-I LTR to a lesser extent than did the long-term TPA pretreatment. Moreover, this stimulation was enhanced by the PKC inhibitors. Thus our data indicate that while the effect of TPA on HIV-1 LTR is strictly dependent on PKC activity, its effect on HTLV-I LTR is exerted via a different pathway that not only does not require PKC activation but rather seems to be antagonized by the activated PKC. Using a deletion mutant of HTLV-I LTR we mapped the PKC-independent effect of TPA to the c-ets responsive region 1 (ERR-1) located in U3 of this LTR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheve, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mor-Vaknin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torgeman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löchelt
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Flügel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aboud
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D009154:Mutation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate