title: Aflatoxin B1 activation in human lung.
abstract: Inhalation exposure to the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in certain occupations is considerable. Because circumstantial epidemiological evidence suggests that AFB1 inhalation may cause primary lung cancer, we investigated AFB1 activation by human lung microsomes. Microsomes were incubated with [3H]AFB1 (124 microM), and activation to the AFB1-8,9-epoxide was measured as the AFB1-glutathione (AFB1-GSH) conjugate by HPLC. The formation of AFB1-GSH was in the range of 0.05-0.073 fmol/mg protein/min. The role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A in this activation was investigated by oxidation of nifedipine (a prototype substrate for CYP 3A), by immunoinhibition, and by immunoblot analysis. Nifedipine oxidation varied from 0.2 to 19.2 pmol/mg protein/min in microsomes from different subjects, but did not correlate with AFB1 activation. Anti-human polyclonal CYP 3A4 IgG inhibited AFB1 activation. CYP 3A isoforms were immunoestimated to be in the range of 0.01-1.90 pmol/mg protein. Neither CYP 1A2 nor associated activity was detected in the lung microsomes. These data indicate that human lung microsomes activate AFB1 to form the exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide and that CYP(s) of the 3A subfamily may be responsible for this activity. The relatively low amount of AFB1 activation in human lung compared to that in human liver can be explained by the scarcity of CYP-containing cells in the lung. In situ AFB1 activation and resultant carcinogenic risk are distinctly possible in occupational settings where inhalation of AFB1-contaminated dusts occurs.
authors.affiliation: Program in Toxicology and Molecular Biology, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4620, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Guengerich
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Coulombe
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001711:Biotransformation; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C074511:aflatoxin B1-8,9-dichloride; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A