title: Cost-minimization analysis of domiciliary antenatal fetal monitoring in high-risk pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare safety and cost-effectiveness of domiciliary antenatal fetal monitoring (cardiotocography and obstetric surveillance) with in-hospital monitoring in high-risk pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1992 to June 1994, 150 consecutive women with high-risk pregnancies, who would otherwise be monitored in the hospital, entered a randomized controlled trial of in-hospital (n = 74) or domiciliary (n = 76) monitoring. The main outcome measures were neonatal safety (Prechtl neurologic optimality score, the proportion of non-optimals) and cost-effectiveness. To test a two-point difference in mean Prechtl scores (two-tailed o = .05. 1-beta = .80), 150 women were needed. Safety and cost-effectiveness were analyzed according to intention to treat. Conditional on the safety outcomes, a cost-minimization analysis based on actual resource use was performed. Uncertainty of results was explored by sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonatal outcomes were equal. No cost-shifting between the antenatal and postpartum period occurred. Substituting domiciliary for in-hospital monitoring reduced mean (standard deviation) antenatal costs from $3558 ($2841) to $1521 ($1459) per woman (P < .001). If costs were varied by the addition of 50%, costs were still reduced. The magnitude of the reduction was sensitive to the costs of hospital care and less sensitive to the costs of domiciliary monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Domiciliary monitoring is safe and reduces costs by one-half. The technique seems transferable to other settings but local circumstances may sometimes hamper its dissemination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Birnie
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Monincx
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Zondervan
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bonsel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000191:economics*; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors