title: Activation transcription factor 1 involvement in the regulation of murine H-2Dd expression.
abstract: Resistance to radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemia is correlated with an increase in H-2D expression on the thymocyte surface. Recently, it has been shown that elevated H-2Dd expression on the infected thymocyte is a result of elevated mRNA transcription and that the transcriptional increase is correlated with elevated levels of a DNA binding activity, H-2 binding factor 1 (H-2 BF1), which recognizes the 5'-flanking sequences (5'-TGACGCG-3') of the H-2Dd gene. This target for transcription factor binding has been found to be identical in the 5'-regulatory region of 12 rodent class I genes, nine of which have been shown to be functional genes. Furthermore, this cis-element is found 5' of 20 primate class I genes (15 human genes), seven of which are known to be functional. Here, we demonstrate that activation transcription factor 1 (ATF-1) is one component of H-2 BF1. In addition, the levels of ATF-1 mRNA in uninfected and radiation leukemia virus-infected thymocytes parallel those of H-2Dd mRNA, and therefore, it is suggested that ATF-1 up-regulates the transcription of the H-2Dd gene after radiation leukemia virus infection of thymocytes. Transfection experiments also demonstrate that ATF-1 activates a reporter plasmid that contains the H-2 BF1 motif, but not a reporter lacking this motif. This is the first demonstration of the interaction of ATF-1 with 5'-regulatory sequences of major histocompatibility complex class I genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and the Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meruelo
mesh_terms: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D006183:H-2 Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064532:Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016721:Radiation Leukemia Virus; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; C497100:Atf1 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D064532:Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors