Enhanced expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen gene in prostate cancer as revealed by in situ hybridization.
Recently, the cDNA encoding a novel candidate for prostate cancer-specific antigen, named prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM), was cloned from the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line (R. S. Israeli, C. T. Powell, W. R. Fair, and W. D. W. Heston, Cancer Res., 53: 227-230,1993). More recently, they also identified an alternatively spliced variant of PSM in normal prostate tissues (S. L. Su, I-P. Huang, W. R. Fair, C. T. Powell, and W. D. W. Heston, Cancer Res., 55: 1441-1443, 1995). The cDNA of this variant, named PSM', lacks 266 nucleotides present in PSM cDNA, so the transcripts derived from this particular nucleotide sequence can be regarded as PSM-specific transcripts. In this study, we investigated the expression of PSM-specific transcripts in 15 specimens of prostate cancer obtained by needle biopsy using in situ hybridization with a newly developed RNA probe. PSM-specific transcripts were detected in most of the carcinoma cells in all of the specimens examined, and the level of expression was higher in carcinoma cells from hormone-refractory patients than in the cells of those who showed a good response to hormonal therapy. In addition, increased expression of PSM-specific transcripts was also associated with an increased Gleason score. In the normal prostate, on the other hand, PSM-specific transcripts were limited to the basal cells of the prostate glands. These results clearly show that expression of PSM-specific transcripts is closely associated with malignant transformation of the prostate; thus, in situ hybridization for detection of the transcripts is useful for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Kawakami
M
M
Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Nakayama
J
J
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen