title: Comparative tear concentrations of topically applied ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin in human eyes.
abstract: The tear pharmacokinetic profiles of 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% ofloxacin, and 0.3% norfloxacin ophthalmic solutions after a single drop topically administrations in the eyes of 30 healthy volunteers were evaluated. Tear samples collected at 30, 120, 180, and 240 minutes, were analyzed for drug concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Topically applied ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin achieved the mean tear concentrations (mean +/- SD) of 11.28 +/- 6.98, 6.52 +/- 4.06, and 13.28 +/- 8.78 micrograms/g at 30 min, and then fell to 3.52 +/- 1.30, 4.82 +/- 1.80, and 5.79 +/- 4.80 micrograms/g at 240 min, respectively. Topical norfloxacin achieved mean tear level significantly higher than ofloxacin at 30 min (p = 0.031). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean tear levels of ciprofloxacin versus ofloxacin (at 30, 120, 180, and 240 min), ciprofloxacin versus norfloxacin (at 30, 120, 180, and 240 min) and ofloxacin versus norfloxacin (at 120, 180, and 240 min). However, the mean tear levels, 240 min after dosing ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, fell to the statistically significant concentrations (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). But, it is concluded that concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin in tears were still significantly greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the most sensitive organisms, 240 min after a single drop application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Turkey.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Akkan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozyazgan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gök
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ozüner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Senses
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pekel
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin