title: Flanking sequences for the human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 NF-kappaB response element are necessary for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced gene expression.
abstract: The regulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays an important role in inflammation and immune responses. Induction of ICAM-1 gene transcription by TNF-alpha has previously been shown to be dependent upon a region of the ICAM-1 5'-flanking sequences that contains a modified kappaB site. We demonstrate here that this modified kappaB site alone is insufficient for induction of transcription by TNF-alpha. Site-directed mutagenesis of both the kappaB site and specific flanking nucleotides demonstrates that both the specific 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences and the modified kappaB site are necessary for TNF-alpha induction. Further, site-directed mutagenesis of this modified kappaB site to a consensus kappaB site allows it to mediate transcriptional activation in response to TNF-alpha, even in the absence of specific flanking sequences. Transcription through this minimal ICAM-1 TNF-alpha-responsive region can be driven by co-expression of p65, and the minimal response element interacts with p65 and p50 in supershift mobility shift assays. However, when in vitro transcription/translation products for the Rel proteins are used in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, only p65 is capable of binding the minimal response element while both p50 and p65 bind a consensus kappaB oligonucleotide. Additionally, in the absence of the specific flanking nucleotides, the ICAM-1 kappaB site is incapable of DNA-protein complex formation in both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and UV cross-linking/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. These results demonstrate the requirement for specific flanking sequences surrounding a kappaB binding site for functional transcription factor binding and transactivation and TNF-alpha-mediated induction of ICAM-1.
authors.affiliation: Emory Skin Diseases Research Core Center, Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Paxton
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Secor
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibagaki
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Caughman
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1