title: Tenidap inhibits 5-lipoxygenase product formation in vitro, but this activity is not observed in three animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of tenidap on the metabolism of arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway was investigated in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro (cells). Arachidonic acid (AA) stimulated rat basophilic leukemia, (RBL) cells; A23817 activated neutrophils (human rat, and rabbit), macrophages (rat), and blood (human). In vitro (enzyme activity). RBL-cell homogenate; purified human recombinant 5-LO. In vivo: Rat (Sprague-Dawley) models in which peritoneal leukotriene products were measured after challenge with zymosan (3 animals per group), A23187 (11 animals per group), and immune complexes (3-5 animals per group), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (diHETEs, including LTB4) were measured as radiolabeled products (derived from [14C]-AA) or by absorbance at 235 or 280 nm, respectively, after separation by HPLC. Radiolabeled 5-HPETE was measured by a radio-TLC analyser after separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Deacylation of membrane bound [14C]-AA was determined by measuring radiolabel released into the extracellular medium. 5-LO translocation from cytosol to membrane was assessed by western analysis. Rat peritoneal fluid was assayed for PGE, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, LTE4 or LTB4 content by EIA and for TXB2 by RIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tenidap suppressed 5-LO mediated product production in cultured rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells from exogenously supplied AA, and in human and rat neutrophils, and rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated with A23187 (IC50, 5-15 microM). In addition, tenidap was less potent in inhibiting the release of radiolabeled AA from RBL-1 cells (IC50, 180 microM), suggesting that the decrease in 5-LO derived products could not be explained by an effect on cellular mobilization of AA (i.e., phospholipase). Tenidap blocked 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) production by dissociated RBL-1 cell preparations (IC50, 7 microM), as well as by a 100000 x g supernatant of 5-LO/hydroperoxidase activity, suggesting a direct effect on the 5-LO enzyme itself. In addition, tenidap impaired 5-LO translocation from cytosol to its membrane-bound docking protein (FLAP) which occurs when human neutrophils are stimulated with calcium ionophore, indicating a second mechanism for inhibiting the 5-LO pathway. Surprisingly, tenidap did not block the binding of radiolabeled MK-0591, an indole ligand of FLAP, to neutrophil membranes. Although its ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway was readily observed in whole blood and in vivo, tenidap's 5-LO blockade could not be demonstrated by ionophore stimulated human blood, nor after oral dosing in rat models in which peritoneal leukotriene products were measured after challenge with three different stimuli. The presence of extracellular proteins greatly reduced the potency of tenidap as a 5-LO inhibitor in vitro, suggesting that protein binding is responsible for loss of activity in animal models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tenidap inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity in vitro both directly and indirectly by interfering with its translocation from cytosol to the membrane compartment in neutrophils. A potential mechanism for the latter effect is discussed with reference to tenidap's ability to lower intracellular pH. Tenidap did not inhibit 5-LO pathway activity in three animal models.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carty
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eskra
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ernest
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pillar
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Loose
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Pazoles
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagahisa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kadin
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000633:toxicity; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000633:toxicity; D015471:Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D017999:Leukotriene E4 / Q000378:metabolism; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D000078183:Oxindoles; D011817:Rabbits; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015054:Zymosan / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D007211:Indoles; D007476:Ionophores; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D000078183:Oxindoles; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D000001:Calcimycin; C022022:5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D017999:Leukotriene E4; D015054:Zymosan; C062866:tenidap; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase