title: Diaphragm thickness and inspiratory strength in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little information on the morphometric characteristics of the diaphragm in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The thickness of the diaphragm was measured at the zone of apposition using B mode ultrasonography in 10 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy of mean (SD) age 10.3 (1.3) years and 12 normal controls of mean (SD) age 11.3 (2.0) years during relaxation (DiTrelax) and during maximum effort inspiratory manoeuvres (DiTPimax) at functional residual capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DiTrelax was greater in the patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1.74 (0.21) mm) than in controls (1.48 (0.20) mm), mean difference (95% CI) 0.26 (0.08 to 0.44), despite considerable impairment of maximum effort inspiratory mouth pressure (Pimax) (patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy -37 (8) cm H2O, controls -80 (33) cm H2O), mean difference (95% CI) 43 (65 to 20). During a Pimax manoeuvre, compared with measurements taken during relaxation, the diaphragm thickened 1.6 times in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and 2.3 times in controls (DiTPimax 2.62 (0.7) mm and 3.5 (0.85) mm, respectively), mean difference (95% CI) -0.88 (-1.58 to -0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting diaphragm thickness is increased in young patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with impaired respiratory muscle force. This finding could be analogous to the pseudo-hypertrophy that is observed in some limb muscle groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: De Bruin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Pride
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012119:Respiration; D014463:Ultrasonography