title: MST/MLK2, a member of the mixed lineage kinase family, directly phosphorylates and activates SEK1, an activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase.
abstract: c-Jun N-terminal kinases/stress-activated protein kinases (JNKs/SAPKs) are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related protein kinases that are involved in several cellular events, including growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) form a family of protein kinases sharing two leucine zipper-like motifs and a kinase domain whose primary structure is similar to both the tyrosine-specific and the serine/threonine-specific kinase classes. We have reported that a member of the MLK family, MUK/DLK/ZPK, can activate JNK/SAPK in vivo, and here we show that another member of the MLK family, MST/MLK2, activates JNK/SAPK. Both MUK/DLK/ZPK and MST/MLK2 cause a slight activation of p38/Mpk2 when overexpressed in COS-1 cells, whereas MST/MLK2, but not MUK/DLK/ZPK, activates extracellular response kinase (ERK) to a certain degree. The activity of SEK1/MKK4/JNKK, a MAPK kinase class protein kinase designated as a direct activator of JNK/SAPK, is also induced by MUK/DLK/ZPK or MST/MLK2 overexpression. Furthermore, recombinant MST/MLK2 produced in bacteria directly phosphorylates and activates SEK1/MKK4/JNKK in vitro, showing that MST/MLK2 acts like a MAPK kinase kinase. Taken together, these results suggest that MLK family members are MAPK kinase kinases preferentially acting on the JNK/SAPK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236, Japan. sh3312@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: S i
authors.initials: Si
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kyriakis
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Zon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avruch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; C482559:MAP2K4 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases