title: Recurrence of major depressive disorder in hospitalized children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of a sample of children and adolescents hospitalized with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to assess different duration and severity criteria to define recovery and recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine of 70 children and adolescents were reevaluated 1 to 5 years later, and the intervening course of depression and other disorders was assessed using the Kiddie-Longitudinal interval Follow-up Evaluation (K-LIFE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight percent of subjects had recovered from their index MDD episode within 1 year of their initial evaluation, but 61% had at least one recurrence during the follow-up period. Of those with recurrences, 47.2% had a recurrence within 1 year and 69.4% by 2 years from the offset of the index episode. Changing the criteria for recovery by increasing the length of time required to define recovery resulted in decreases in the number of episodes of recurrence reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDD in children and adolescents is often an episodic disorder. Difference in definitions of recovery and recurrence affect the data reported. Consistent definitions of remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence are needed. These data suggest that recovery may be defined after two consecutive months without symptoms and that episodes of MDD may be briefer, but more frequent, in children and adolescents than in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Emslie
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gullion
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rintelmann
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002665:Child Psychiatry; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors