title: Technetium-MIBI as a glioma imaging agent for the assessment of multi-drug resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the presence of MDR-1 drug resistance in human glioma utilizing a Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) imaging agent, sesta-MIBI, and testing cases interpreted as positive for drug resistance with molecular characterization of subsequent tissue biopsy, including RNA, Northern blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients that carried a diagnosis of biopsy-proven glioma underwent dual isotope SPECT imaging with thallium 201 and technetium sesta-MIBI. All six patients underwent subsequent surgical reexcision of their tumors, and tissue was immediately flash frozen for further analysis. PolyA RNA was isolated and subsequently analyzed by both Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR utilizing an MDR-1 probe (ATCC) and MDR-1 primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients with SPECT concordance yielded tumors without MDR-1 expression whereas two patients with SPECT discordance yielded tumors with MDR-1 gene expression. In one discordant case we subsequently performed RT-PCR in situ amplification/ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry with, respectively, an MDR-1 sense primer with Biotin labeled probes and an MDR-1 monoclonal antibody, and both analyses revealed MDR-1 expression in tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the use of SPECT technetium sesta-MIBI to evaluate the presence of MDR-1 gene expression in gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi