title: Cell-surface perturbations of the epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides.
abstract: Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides offer potential as therapeutic agents to inhibit gene expression. Recent evidence indicates that oligodeoxynucleotides designed to target specific nucleic acid sequences can interact nonspecifically with proteins. This report describes the interactive capabilities of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides of defined sequence and length with two essential protein tyrosine receptors, flk-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and their effects on receptor signaling in a transfected and tumor cell line, respectively. Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides bound to the cell surface, as demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analyses (FACS), and perturbed receptor activation in the presence and absence of cognate ligands, EGF (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (flk-1), in phosphorylation assays. Certain phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides interacted relatively selectively with flk-1 and partially blocked the binding of specific anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies to target sites. They stimulated EGFR phosphorylation in the absence of EGF but antagonized ligand-mediated activation of EGFR and flk-1. In vivo studies showed that a nonspecific phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide suppressed the growth of glioblastoma in a mouse model of tumorigenesis. These results emphasize the capacity of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides to interact with cells in a sequence-selective nonantisense manner, while associating with cellular membrane proteins in ways that can inhibit cellular metabolic activities.
authors.affiliation: Immunology/Monoclonal Antibodies Department, ImClone Systems Inc., New York, NY 10014, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rockwell
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007624:KB Cells; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D013873:Thionucleotides; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D013873:Thionucleotides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor