title: Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation holds potential advantages over conventional orthotopic liver transplantation, but experience with the technique in acute liver failure is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe our initial experience in seven patients (4 men, 3 women; mean age 28, range 14-35 years) with acute liver failure (paracetamol 3, non A-E 2, autoimmune 1, Ecstasy 1) who fulfilled criteria for emergency transplantation. Preoperatively, the median international normalised ratio was seven (range 3.4-15), with a creatinine of 123 microM (51-389 microM) and bilirubin 320 microM (61-572 microM). The reasons for performing an auxiliary transplant were the patients' young age and stable preoperative condition (n = 5), or a significant psychiatric history precluding conventional transplantation (n = 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients received blood group-matched left (n = 2) or right (n = 5) auxiliary grafts. Median duration of surgery was 8.5 h (7.3-10 h), with blood loss of 8.3 litres (4.6-14.6 litres). Post-transplant, the international normalised ratio and aspartate aminotransferase fell progressively in all patients, with median values at day 7 of 1.4 (1.0-2.4) and 108 IU/1 (78-910 IU/1). Three patients died from sepsis within the first postoperative month. At 2 weeks, four of six patients had partial regeneration of the native liver, which became complete in two of the survivors by 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patient selection remains poorly defined, auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation in acute liver failure is technically feasible and, in some patients, allows native liver regeneration and eventual immunosuppression withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, U.K.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wendon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Portmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rela
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D016019:Survival Analysis