title: [Recent development of antitumor antimetabolites in Japan--cytosine arabinoside analogues].
abstract: Since there have been relatively high incidence of cancer of the digestive organs in Japan, many 5-fluorouracil analogues have been studied as the drugs to treat such cancers. Beside these fluoropyrimine compounds, cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) analogues have also been studied, and some of them have shown appreciable clinical activities against human malignancies. In this paper, as such analogues, experimental and clinical studies of gemcitabine (dFdC). DMDC and cytarabine ocfosfate were reviewed. Among these drugs, gemcitabine (Eli Lilly, Japan) showed more than 20% response rate against non-small cell lung cancer in the late phase II study in Japan. Unfortunately, clinical study of DMDC (Yoshitomi) is currently suspended because of the lack of the hint of clinical activity, but the author believes that this might show some clinical activities by changing the treatment regimens in the future. Cytarabine ocfosfate (Nippon Kayaku) has already put on market as the first drug to be active against ANLL and MDS by giving orally.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukagoshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry; D001088:Arabinonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003568:Cytidine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001088:Arabinonucleotides; D003561:Cytarabine; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C061162:1-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate; D003568:Cytidine Monophosphate; C056034:2'-deoxy-2'-methylenecytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine