title: First-episode major depressive and dysthymic disorder in childhood: clinical and sociodemographic factors in recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the temporal pattern of depressive disorder in childhood, the first episode of depression was examined, focusing on recovery and its baseline predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample includes 112 clinically referred 8- to 13-year-olds with first-episode major depressive or dysthymic disorder participating in a naturalistic follow-up study. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on standardized interviews and operational criteria. Recovery was modeled by multivariate procedures using baseline clinical and demographic predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery rates were 86% and 7% for major depression and dysthymia, respectively, 2 years after onset. Median duration of major depression was 9 months and was predicted only by underlying dysthymia. Median duration of dysthymic disorder was 3.9 years and was predicted only by comorbid externalizing disorder. In post hoc analyses, no positive treatment effects were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-episode depression in youths is persistent, it generally appears to run its own course, and its naturalistic treatment requires scrutiny. However, because comorbid externalizing disorder apparently affects duration of dysthymia, intervention for behavior problems may shorten this type of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Obrosky
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gatsonis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002665:Child Psychiatry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors