title: In vitro assessment of gastric mucosal transfer of anti-Helicobacter therapeutic agents.
abstract: A novel animal model for studying antibiotic transfer across gastric mucosa was developed by using adult rats. Gastric corpus mucosa was mounted in an Ussing chamber system and bathed in oxygenated Krebs solution. Metronidazole flux from serosa to mucosa (J(S-->M)) was measured over 60 min under basal conditions and compared with mucosa-to-serosa flux (J(M-->S)). The effects of varying the chamber cross-sectional diameter and of stimulation by histamine and carbachol were assessed. Metronidazole J(M-->S) was measured with the mucosal pH at 2.2, 2.7, 3.2, and 7.4. Amoxicillin J(S-->M) under basal conditions was also measured and compared with metronidazole J(S-->M). Metronidazole J(S-->M) was proportional to serosal concentration (P < 0.001) under basal conditions, being 3.98 nmol x h(-1) x cm(-2) with a serosal concentration of 0.2 mmol/liter. Amoxicillin J(S-->M) was significantly lower under similar conditions at 0.50 nmol x h(-1) x cm(-2) (P < 0.01). Metronidazole J(S-->M) was not significantly different from J(M-->S), between chambers of different sizes, or following stimulation. When the mucosal pH was changed, J(M-->S) was proportional to the un-ionized concentration on the mucosal side (P < 0.001). Therefore, this model shows properties analogous to those of human gastric mucosa in vivo, with partitioning of metronidazole on the mucosal side according to pH, diffusion of metronidazole across the mucosa in both directions, and selectivity for different antibiotics, and it will be useful for the study of other therapeutic agents in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom. muzafg@mmm1.nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Spiller
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010406:Penicillins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D006632:Histamine; D002217:Carbachol