[Are diuretics in the treatment of portal hypertension rational?].
When ascites develops in a patient with cirrhosis his probability to survive the following 2 years amounts to 50%. It is determined essentially by the residual functional capacity of the liver. In 80 to 90% of patients ascites due to portal hypertension can be managed by salt restriction and diuretics. Aldosterone-antagonists are more efficient and have fewer side effects than loop diuretics. They may lower portal tension by an additional direct effect on the vasculature. A daily reduction of body weight of 0.5 to 0.75 kg should not be exceeded because (prerenal) renal failure may become a threat. If diuretics are insufficient or when a rapid therapeutic success is needed paracentesis of 4-6.1 is a safe option if intravascular volume is substituted simultaneously. Albumin has proven superior to other plasma expanders (protection of renal function, survival). Only in the few patients whose ascites is intractable by the forementioned measures should alternatives such as peritoneo-, venous or porto-systemic shunts (nowadays mostly by interventional techniques via a transjugular catheter) be evaluated. The only treatment which not only attacks ascites symptomatically but also corrects the underlying disease is liver transplantation.
Reichen
J
J
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie der Universität Bern.
D001201:Ascites / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010536:Peritoneovenous Shunt; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical
D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists