title: Bowel wall thickening in children: differentiation with US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether vascular, ischemic, and inflammatory causes of bowel wall thickening in children can be differentiated at gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven children with acute bowel disease underwent graded compression US. Findings of bowel wall thickness, wall echotexture, location of bowel involvement, and presence of color Doppler flow were evaluated. Diagnoses were classified as inflammation (n = 25), vasculitis (n = 7), or ischemia (n = 5) and were confirmed with findings from colonoscopy and biopsy, stool culture analysis, surgery, and cutaneous biopsy, and with a combination of clinical and laboratory data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age (P = .0022), bowel wall thickness (P = .0001), and color Doppler flow (P = .0013) were statistically significantly related to disease type. Wall thickening and absence of visible color Doppler flow suggested ischemia. Older patient age and visible color Doppler flow suggested inflammation, whereas younger patient age and visible color flow suggested vasculitis. Difference in location of bowel disease in patients with ischemic versus those with vascular wall thickening was statistically significant (P = .0185). No difference was found between disease type and wall stratification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gray-scale and color Doppler flow US can aid in differentiating ischemic, vascular, and inflammatory bowel wall thickening.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Friedland
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hildebolt
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003092:Colitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery