title: Petrolatum prevents irritation in a human cumulative exposure model in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protective creams (PCs) have been studied in different models indicating a protective effect of some products. In order to compare PCs in different studies, a generic reference standard should be available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate if petrolatum prevents epidermal barrier disruption induced by various irritants in a repetitive irritation test (RIT) and to assess its potential as a standard reference product.
  
  
  METHODS
  White petrolatum was evaluated against a set of 4 irritants [10% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 30% lactic acid (LA) and undiluted toluene (TOL)] in the RIT. Twenty subjects were tested on the paravertebral skin of the midback. Irritation was assessed by visual scoring, transepidermal water loss and colorimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Petrolatum was very effective against SLS, NaOH and LA irritation, and it provided a moderate protection against TOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Petrolatum can be recommended as a standard reference substance against which PCs may be compared as it is effective against water-soluble and water-insoluble irritants in a standardized test procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wigger-Alberti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002424:Caustics / Q000009:adverse effects; D003124:Colorimetry; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004643:Emollients / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010577:Petrolatum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D014050:Toluene / Q000009:adverse effects; D014867:Water; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics; D004643:Emollients; D007509:Irritants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D014050:Toluene; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D010577:Petrolatum