title: Results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in relation to indication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was first introduced as a treatment to couples that were infertile due to severe male factors. Later, the ICSI technic has also been used on other indications like low or no fertilization in previous IVF cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 262 ICSI cycles performed in 180 patients were reviewed and the results related to the indications. The indications were severely impaired semen quality (182 cycles) or absent or low fertilization in previous IVF attempts (80 cycles).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2298 oocytes were aspirated and 1939 oocytes were injected resulting in 1172 fertilized (60%) and 995 cleaved oocytes (51%). Of these, 547 preembryos were transferred in 240 cycles and 287 preembryos were cryopreserved. We obtained 99 pregnancies (41%/transfer) of which 63 were ongoing pregnancies (26%/transfer). The pregnancy rate was significantly lower (p = 0.025) in couples referred for ICSI due to previously failed IVF (29%/ transfer) compared to couples with impaired semen quality (46%/transfer). Seventy-seven children have been born. Forty-eight healthy children were born from singleton pregnancies with a mean gestational age of 39.8 weeks and an average birthweight of 3561 g. Thirteen sets of healthy twins and one set of healthy triplets were born. In 29 of the 63 ongoing pregnancies amniocenteses were performed and all karyotypes were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVF with ICSI gave good clinical results in couples with severe male factor infertility. The technic can also be used in couples with unexplained fertilization failure, but the pregnancy rate may be lower.
authors.affiliation: Fertility Clinics, Rigshospitälet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ziebe
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology