title: Overexpressed nitric oxide synthase in portal-hypertensive stomach of rat: a key to increased susceptibility to damage?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Portal hypertension predisposes gastric mucosa to increased injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) is responsible for increased susceptibility of portal-hypertensive (PHT) gastric mucosa to damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  In gastric specimens from PHT and sham-operated rats, cNOS messenger RNA expression was determined by Northern blotting and cNOS protein expression by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme activity assay. Extent of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal necrosis, mucosal blood flow, and gastric NOS activity in PHT and sham-operated rats was determined after administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or saline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cNOS messenger RNA level, cNOS enzyme activity, and fluorescence signals for cNOS were increased significantly in PHT rats compared with controls. Inhibition of overexpressed cNOS by L-NAME (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced ethanol-induced mucosal necrosis and normalized blood flow in PHT gastric mucosa, whereas this dose of L-NAME significantly increased mucosal necrosis in sham-operated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Portal hypertension activates the cNOS gene with overexpression of cNOS protein in endothelia of gastric mucosal vessels. Excessive NO production by overexpressed cNOS may play an important role in the increased susceptibility of PHT gastric mucosa to damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tarnawski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Itani
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Sarfeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase