title: Impact of surgery on nitric oxide in rats: evidence for activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: We investigated the effect of euvolemic surgical preparation, on chemical indices of activity of the nitric oxide (NO) system, in anesthetized, acutely prepared rats. The urinary excretion of NO2+NO3 (UNOXV) and cGMP (UcGMPV) increased progressively during the experiment. Pretreatment with aminoguanidine or dexamethasone, inhibitors of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), prevented the increase in UNOXV and UcGMPV but had no impact on mean arterial pressure (BP), renal vascular resistance (RVR) or GFR. Since these variables did not change in the conscious rat, the increased UNOXV results from some aspect of the acute surgical preparation. When acutely prepared rats received L-NAME, a non-specific NOS inhibitor, BP and RVR increased but paradoxical increases in UNOXV and UcGMPV were also seen. Nonselective NOS inhibition (+L-NAME) was fatal in 50% of acutely prepared rats, causing cardiac contracture. The same dose of L-NAME produced no deaths in either conscious chronically catheterized rats or in acutely prepared rats, previously subjected to sterile surgery and acute L-NAME in the conscious state. These data indicate that acute, nonsterile surgery induces expression of iNOS, but that the additional NO generated has no obvious cardiovascular/renal actions. Acute UNOXV and UcGMPV do not predict total NO production, or "hemodynamically active" NO. Generalized NO inhibition in rats acutely stressed by surgery/anesthesia can be fatal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Losonczy
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Samsell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoenl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venuto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baylis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011677:Punctures; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester