title: Surface treatment of indirect resin composite surfaces before cementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy surrounds the use of hydrofluoric acid to prepare precementation surfaces of indirect composites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to compare effects of combining hydrofluoric or orthophosphoric acid with microetching as precementation treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine specimens of three composite materials were prepared to simulate heat-cured indirect restorations. The specimen surfaces were prepared with one of three treatments. Adhesive Bond II and Twinlook cements were used to bond a phosphoric acid-etched disk of P50 to the treated surface. Analysis of variance and Scheffé tests were used to assess the bond strength data. Scanning electron microscopy and microscopic analysis of the fractured and treated surfaces were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bond strengths for all surface treatments did not significantly differ. Hybrids had a higher bond strength with etching than microfills, and mechanical roughening produced the greatest bond strengths with microfills. Microetching with orthophosphoric acid produced higher bond strengths than microetching with hydrofluoric acid on hybrids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acid etching alone is not sufficient to produce effective bond strengths, and hydrofluoric acid treatments are detrimental to the resin composite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldfogle
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002484:Cementation; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007284:Inlays; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; C084111:Charisma composite resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C086630:TwinLook cement; C065771:P50 composite resin; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C057365:Dentacolor; C030242:phosphoric acid; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid