title: Participation of paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in central regulation of penile erection in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible participation of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in central regulation of penile erection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and maintained with pentobarbital sodium. The intracavernous pressure (ICP) was used as an experimental index for penile erection, and was recorded alongside systemic arterial pressure and heart rate. The effect on ICP of electrical (30-s train of 30-120 microA, 40-160 Hz, 1-ms rectangular pulses) or chemical (L-glutamate, 0.5 nmol/50 nl.) activation of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) or hippocampal formation was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrical activation of the PVN elicited both multiple and single episodes of elevation in ICP, along with visible erection and ejaculation. The former pattern exhibited an increase in ICP that was more sustained, with higher peak amplitude and longer latency. Chemical stimulation of neuronal perikarya in the PVN also resulted in similar patterns of rise in ICP and visible erection. These effects were, nonetheless, not accompanied by significant alterations in systemic arterial pressure and heart rate. Activation of the hippocampal formation, as we reported previously, similarly elicited multiple and single episodes of increase in ICP. These erectile responses, however, were substantially reduced or eliminated upon electrolytic lesion of the ipsilateral PVN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that the PVN may be an important nucleus that participates in central neural regulation of penile erection in the rat. Furthermore, an efferent pathway(s) from the hippocampal formation to PVN may constitute part of the neural circuitry in the forebrain in the regulation of erectile functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley