title: Tissue distribution of amphetamine isomers in a fatal overdose.
abstract: A young man (22 years old) died of a cardiorespiratory arrest a few hours following admission to the emergency department of a hospital. He was found lying seriously ill in the parking lot of a dance club. Screening of postmortem blood and urine with enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT) detected only amphetamines, caffeine, and cotinine. Further screening of blood, urine, and stomach contents with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was negative for all three matrices. Specific conditions for amphetamines were used for the gas chromatographic (GC) screening (GC-mass spectrometric [MS] and GC-nitrogen-phosphorus detection). This resulted in the preliminary identification of amphetamine in both blood and urine. Confirmation of the presence of amphetamine in all available postmortem specimens was provided by mass and infrared spectral data (GC-MS and GC-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry) after derivatization. Quantitative results and differentiation between the enantiomers of amphetamine were obtained after chiral derivatization. The calculated concentrations disclosed amphetamine ingestion as the cause of this fatality.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorium voor Toxicologie, Universiteit Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Van Bocxlaer
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Dirinck
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thienpont
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: De Leenheer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D017248:Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000401:mortality; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D000661:Amphetamine