title: Synthesis and biological evaluation of the enantiomers of the potent and selective A1-adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbonyl)]-xanthine.
abstract: The individual enantiomers 8 and 12 of the potent and highly selective racemic A1-adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbornyl)]xanthine (ENX, 4) were synthesized utilizing asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions for the construction of the norbornane moieties. The absolute configuration of 12 was determined by X-ray crystallography of the 4-bromobenzoate 14, which was derived from the bridged secondary alcohol 13. The latter was obtained from 12 by an acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement. The binding affinities of the enantiomers 8 and 12 and the racemate 4 at guinea pig, rat, and cloned human A1- and A2a-adenosine receptor subtypes were determined. The S-enantiomer 12 (CVT-124) appears to be one of the more potent and clearly the most A1-selective antagonist reported to date, with K1 values of 0.67 and 0.45 nM, respectively, at the rat and cloned human A1-receptors and with 1800-fold (rat) and 2400-fold (human) subtype selectivity. Both enantiomers, administered intravenously to saline-loaded rats, induced diuresis via antagonism of renal A1-adenosine receptors.
authors.affiliation: CV Therapeutics, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA. jurg.pfister@roche.com
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belardinelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milner
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schreiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014970:Xanthines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C097280:1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-(5,6-epoxy)norbornyl)xanthine; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014970:Xanthines