title: A comparison of independently conducted dose assessments to determine compliance and resettlement options for the people of Rongelap Atoll.
abstract: Rongelap Island was the home of Marshallese people numbering less than 120 in 1954; 67 were on the island and severely exposed to radioactive fallout from an atomic weapons test in March of that year. Those resident on Rongelap were evacuated 50 h after the test, returned 3 y later, then voluntarily left their home island in 1985 due to their ongoing fear of radiation exposure from residual radioactive contamination. Following international negotiations in 1991, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed in early 1992 between the Republic of the Marshall Islands Government, the Rongelap Atoll Local Government, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of the Interior. In this MOU it was agreed that the Republic of the Marshall Islands, with the aid of the U.S. Department of Energy, would carry out independent dose assessments for the purpose of assisting and advising the Rongelap community on radiological issues related to a safe resettlement of Rongelap. The MOU enacted two action levels which were agreed to be used to establish whether mitigation should be considered as a condition for resettlement of Rongelap Island: (1) no individual should receive an annual dose in the future of 1 mSv or more, above that from natural background radiation, assuming that his/her diet consists of only locally produced foods, and (2) the total surface soil concentration of plutonium and other transuranic elements must be less than 629 Bq kg(-1) (averaged over the top 5 cm). Environmental radiological data and dietary information were collected over two years (1992-1993) for the purpose of predicting future potential doses to Rongelapese who might resettle. In 1994, four independent assessments were reported, including one from each of the following entities: Marshall Islands Nationwide Radiological Study; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; an independent advisor from the United Kingdom (MCT); and a committee of the National Research Council. All four assessments concluded that possibly more than 25% of the adult population could exceed the 1 mSv y(-1) dose level based on strict utilization of a local food diet. The purpose of this report is to summarize the methodology, assumptions, and findings from each of four assessments; to summarize the recommendations related to mitigation and resettlement options; to discuss unique programmatic aspects of the study; and to consider the implications of the findings to the future of the Rongelap people.
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Radiological Study, Majuro, Marshall Islands.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Toburen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Baverstock
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pettingill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008849:Micronesia; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive