title: Shelf-life of photodynamically sterilized red cell concentrates with various numbers of white cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phthalocyanines are useful sensitizers for the photodynamic sterilization of red cell concentrates. The use of the phthalocyanine Pc4 (HOSiPcOSi(CH3)2(CH2)3N(CH3)2) and red light is very efficient in killing various viruses. The addition of scavengers of Type I photodynamic reactions and the use of cremophor to deliver Pc4 give protection to the red cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various red cell components, either white cell-enriched, buffy coat-removed, or white cell-reduced, have been used to study the effect of photodynamic treatment with Pc4 on hemoglobin and potassium leakage and on ATP and glucose levels after prolonged storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, storage interval-dependent damage to the red cells could be observed. In components with 26 x 10(9) white cells per L, virus inactivation was less efficient than that in components with no or 2 x 10(9) white cells per L. Similarly, red cells were less affected by the treatment in components with a large number of white cells. Pretreatment storage and use within 1 week after photodynamic treatment induce less damage to the red cells at the moment of transfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various improvements in the treatment protocol may ultimately lead to the implementation of photodynamic treatment in transfusion practice. In this respect, the white cell content of the red cell concentrates should be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology and Bloodbank, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wagenaars-van Gompel
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dubbelman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: VanSteveninck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001793:Blood Preservation; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D054833:Isoindoles; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008027:Light; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000502:physiology; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011188:Potassium; C013647:phthalocyanine