Effect of the dietary fat type on arterial thrombosis tendency: systematic studies with a rat model.
To study the influence of dietary fatty acids on arterial thrombosis tendency 65 groups of male rats were fed diets containing 50% of their digestible energy as fat from 32 different oils and fats. After 8 weeks their arterial thrombosis tendency was assessed by measuring the obstruction time (OT) of a loop-shaped polythene cannula inserted into the abdominal aorta. Using multiple regression analysis log10 OT was modelled as a function of the relative amounts of the various dietary fatty acids and their combinations. The best fit (R2 = 0.79) was obtained for the sums of all monoenoic and (n-6) and (n-3) polyenoic fatty acids, which appeared antithrombotic. The fit for the sum of all saturated fatty acids, which had a prothrombotic effect, was almost as good (R2 = 0.76). The ratio between dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) appeared a strong predictor of arterial thrombosis tendency (R2 = 0.77). Marine oils did not have a more powerful antithrombotic effect than could be expected on the basis of their P:S ratios. Using stepwise regression analysis myristic acid, 14:0, was shown to be the strongest prothrombotic fatty acid whereas linoleic acid, 18:2(n-6), was the strongest antithrombotic fatty acid. Since the number of marine oils was very limited the effects of the 'fish fatty acids' eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5(n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6(n-3), on arterial thrombus formation could not be tested reliably. The same appeared true for gamma-linolenic acid, 18:3(n-6), and stearidonic acid, 18:4(n-3), present in a few vegetable oils only.
Hornstra
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Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Netherlands. G.Hornstra@HB.Unimaas.NL
Kester
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D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D019814:Myristic Acid; D009227:Myristic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D009227:Myristic Acids; D019814:Myristic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid