title: Reduction of oxidative stress does not affect recovery of myocardial function: warm continuous versus cold intermittent blood cardioplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare oxidative stress after cardiac surgery in patients treated with two different methods of myocardial protection: warm continuous versus cold intermittent blood cardioplegia. To correlate oxidative stress with postoperative myocardial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomised, double blind, trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional centre of cardiovascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients were selected for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) on the following basis: stable angina, ejection fraction > 50%, double or triple vessel disease, no previous CABG or associated disease. Patients were randomised to two groups of 10 patients each.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent CABG with one of two different methods of myocardial protection and cardiopulmonary bypass. CBC group: intermittent cold blood antegrade-retrograde cardioplegia with moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass; WBC group: continuous warm blood antegrade-retrograde cardioplegia with mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  The index of oxidative stress used was the alteration of whole blood and plasma glutathione redox status. Samples were collected from the coronary sinus and peripheral vein before anaesthesia (T1), before aortic unclamping (T2), 15 minutes (T3), and 30 minutes (T4) after unclamping. Haemodynamic parameters were measured with thermodilution techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidised glutathione and glutathione-cysteine mixed disulphide significantly increased in the coronary sinus plasma in the CBC group, and the overall redox balance of glutathione was decreased (P < 0.01) at T2-T4 versus T1, and compared with the WBC group. Comparable results were obtained for coronary sinus blood. There was no correlation between postoperative haemodynamic measurements and oxidative stress markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress was significant in patients undergoing CABG using cold blood cardioplegia, while the warm technique minimised the effects of ischaemia. However, oxidative stress was not correlated with myocardial dysfunction following CABG.
authors.affiliation: Instituto di Chirurgia Toracica e Cardiovascolare e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Siema, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biagioli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccherini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giomarelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toscano
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003080:Cold Temperature; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione