title: Nanomolar concentrations of gangliosides stimulate primary humoral response.
abstract: Exogenous gangliosides act as immunosuppressors when applied at micromolar concentrations corresponding to their average level in human plasma. Here we show that at nanomolar concentrations the gangliosides GD3, GD1a and GM1 can act as immunostimulators markedly enhancing the number of plaque-forming cells in mouse splenocyte culture responding to sheep erythrocytes. At such low concentration these gangliosides as well as GM3 were not able to influence significantly proliferative responses of splenic B and T lymphocytes or of cytotoxic T-cells. Neither did they change significantly the production of IL-1 by antigen- representing cells, or of IL-2 by Con A-induced blasts in the splenocyte culture. It is suggested that the stimulatory effect of low ganglioside concentrations on humoral response is due to their influence on cooperative cell-cell interactions required for the differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Dozmorov
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Prokhazova
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Svirtshevskaya
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Lutsan
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Kozin
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lemenovskaya
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Dyatlovitskaya
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Bergelson
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000494:pharmacology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D012756:Sheep; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005732:Gangliosides; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A; C021298:ganglioside, GD1a; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; C026226:ganglioside, GD3