title: Use of tenoscopy for management of septic tenosynovitis caused by a penetrating porcupine quill in the synovial sheath surrounding the digital flexor tendons of a horse.
abstract: A 6-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with acute onset of a grade-4/5 lameness of the left forelimb 21 days after an encounter with a porcupine was examined. Quills had been removed by the referring veterinarian, and the horse had been treated with antibiotics and hydrotherapy for 14 days. The horse was pyretic and had effusion in the digital synovial sheath. Signs of pain were elicited on palpation of the area. A tentative diagnosis of septic tenosynovitis caused by a porcupine quill was made. Exploratory tenoscopy revealed large amounts of fibrin in the sheath and a 1.2-cm quill. Bacteriologic culture of synovial fluid yielded a pure growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The horse improved dramatically after tenoscopic removal of the quill, debridement of fibrin, and lavage to dilute inflammatory mediators and bacteria, debridement of fibrin, discovery and removal of a quill, and complete evaluation of the sheath for prognostic purposes. Tenoscopy can provide a means for direct observation and enhance the ability of clinicians to debride a septic synovial sheath in a minimally invasive manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ragle
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Howlett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020679:Arthroscopes; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012377:Rodentia; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000293:injuries* / Q000382:microbiology; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins