title: [Botulinum toxin is effective in the short-term treatment of esophageal achalasia. Preliminary results of a randomized trial].
abstract: Botulinum toxin (BoTox) is a potent inhibitor of the release of acetylcholine from terminal nerves and has been used successfully in spastic disorders of skeletal muscle. Its used for the treatment of disorders of gastrointestinal smooth muscle has recently been explored. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of transendoscopic injection of BoTox in 13 symptomatic patients with achalasia G II (Siewert classification) without previous treatment of an ongoing randomized-controlled trial. Patients were blindly randomized to administrate: a) 8OU of BoTox were injected in four quadrants (1 ml in each quadrant-20 U/ml) (n = 8), b) normal saline solution as placebo injected in the same way (n = 5). Patients who did not respond were retreated in an open design with the same schedule of BoTox. BoTox or placebo were injected directly into the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), located by manometric and endoscopic procedures, via sclerotherapy injector. Response to treatment was assessed by changes in symptoms score, weight, LES pressure, barium esophagograms and endoscopy. All determinations were repeated at basal and after 7-30-60 and 90 days of treatment. Post treatment response was considered positive if at one month, 3 of 4 parameters were improved. No evidence of response to BoTox were assessed in 3 patients. At 90 days, 10 patients remain well and data are as follows: (mean +/- SD) symptoms score: (Pre: 3.23 +/- 0.44) (Post: 1.31 +/- 0.95); LES pressure (mmHg) (Pre: 53, 15 +/- 66.31 +/- 7.49); % reduction of esophageal diameter 55% (p < 0.0001) (pair T-test). Relaxation of LES did not change after treatment. There were no side effects related to BoTox injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic intrasphincteric BoTox injection is safe, simple and effective in the short term treatment for achalasia. Further studies are necessary for evaluation of long term effects.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Municipal de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Argentina.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boerr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A