title: Follicular and Hürthle cell thyroid neoplasms. Is frozen-section evaluation worthwhile?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether (1) frozen-section (FS) evaluation of follicular and Hürthle cell thyroid neoplasms (FHCNs) is accurate, (2) FS aids in intraoperative decision-making, and (3) FS is cost-effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patient histories and FS and paraffin-embedded slides. Permanent histologic sections were considered the standard criterion. Follow-up was achieved in 92% of patients with a mean follow-up of 5.7 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing thyroidectomy for a suspected FHCN between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1994. Patients included were those whose condition was diagnosed as FHCN, either on FS, permanent histologic sections, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FS analysts were determined. Total adjusted hospital charges were compared for those undergoing 1 vs 2 cancer operations. Multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the optimal predictive model for follicular cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group included 1023 patients (737 women and 286 men), of whom 83 (8.1%) were diagnosed as having a malignant FHCN on permanent section. The diagnosis of malignant neoplasm was correctly established in 65 (78%) of the 83 patients on FS, thereby permitting definitive surgical management at the first operation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for FS diagnosis of malignant FHCN were 78%, 99%, 90%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, FS was the most significant variable predictive of malignant neoplasm. Approximately $400,000 was saved in hospital charges by the use of FS as a result of the elimination of many 2-stage operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frozen-section evaluation of FHCN can be performed with a high degree of accuracy, permitting considerable cost savings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paphavasit
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Heerden
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ilstrup
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schleck
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goellner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*