title: Successful pregnancies with the use of laminaria tents before embryo transfer for refractory cervical stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether laminaria tents are a safe and effective method of cervical dilatation in patients with a history of cervical stenosis and difficult ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports describing two patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care, assisted reproduction practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients with cervical stenosis and a history of multiple failed cycles of IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laminaria tents were placed intracervically before ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of a gestational sac and fetal heartbeat on ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful clinical pregnancies occurred in both patients after laminaria placement and ET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laminaria tent cervical dilatation appears to be a safe and effective option to assist ET in patients with a history of cervical stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Center of Boston, Deaconess-Waltham Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA.
authors.forename: I Z
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Glatstein
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McShane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004106:Dilatation; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D007795:Laminaria; D011247:Pregnancy; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000628:therapy*