title: Increased parenteral nutrition calcium and phosphorus for very-low-birth-weight infants using computer software assisted ordering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Providing adequate calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in an appropriate ratio to preterm very-low-birth-weight (VLBW: BW < 1500 g) infants receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) is difficult because Ca:P solubility in PN is relatively low. Computer software assisted ordering (CSAO) was developed to integrate PN Ca:P solubility with clinical data to improve parenteral Ca and P administration. Our hypothesis was that CSAO would improve the system of designing PN by increasing the amount of Ca and P ordered without Ca:P precipitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control PN orders were designed using proprietary preprinted PN forms which incorporated predefined PN Ca and P concentrations to prevent precipitation, independent of patient Ca or P administration. CSAO assessed total daily fluids and correlated parenteral volume with Ca:P solubility during order entry to recommend daily Ca and P doses. PN orders which provided > or = 80% of total nutrition volume as PN were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PN was designed with more Ca (60.3 +/- 16.7 mg/k/day, mean +/- 1 SD) and P (32.8 +/- 13.9 mg/k/day) using CSAO compared to control group Ca (50.0 +/- 17.1 mg/k/day) and P (25.1 +/- 9.1 mg/k/day), both Ca and P, p < 0.001, CSAO provided > or = 80% of the minimum recommended daily Ca in 82% of PN orders compared to 51% of the control orders, p < 0.001. No PN mixture demonstrated Ca:P precipitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The system of designing PN was improved using computer software assisted ordering indicated by increased PN Ca and P content without Ca:P precipitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Porcelli
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012984:Software; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium