title: The dilemmas of parents of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a better understanding of parents' experiences as their children with congenital heart disease mature through adolescence and young adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The physician practices of the pediatric cardiology service of a large university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight parents of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each parent was separately interviewed with use of a semistructured interview guide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study has identified seven themes--the dilemmas of normality, disclosure dilemmas, the challenge of uncertainty, illness management dilemmas and strategies, social integration versus social isolation, the impact of illness on the family, and coping--with which parents have struggled through-out their adolescent's and young adult's life. It was not possible to determine whether the experiences described by these parents are unique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents experience distress, as outlined in the seven themes. They need assistance to determine what is "normal" for their child and how to monitor their child's health and safety. Further research is needed to develop specific interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0210, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sparacino
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Messias
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chesla
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gilliss
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012803:Sick Role; D012934:Social Isolation; D014342:Truth Disclosure