title: Is primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney a distinct entity?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) constitute a family of neoplasms of presumed neuroectodermal origin, most often presenting as bone or soft tissue masses in the trunk or axial skeleton in adolescents and young adults. As a soft tissue neoplasm, PNET arising in the kidney has not been well described, with only three cases previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with PNET of the kidney were diagnosed and treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. The authors reviewed the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and outcomes of these cases and of those previously described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors' patients were age 4-20 years. They presented with unilateral renal masses and metastatic disease in the lymph nodes (three patients), lungs (three patients), bone (two patients), liver (one patient), and bone marrow (one patient). Treatment included surgery, radiotherapy, and multiagent chemotherapy. Three of the patients died of progressive disease within 14 months of diagnosis. Features and outcomes were similar to those of the three previously reported cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNET of the kidney appears to be a distinct entity. Although rare, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors in children and young adults. Patients usually present with advanced disease and show poor response to combined-modality therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Galindo
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Marina
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Parham
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bodner
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy