title: Endoscopic variceal ligation in prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with high-risk esophageal varices.
abstract: To determine the efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in prophylaxis on the rate of first esophageal variceal bleeding, we conducted a prospective, randomized trial in 126 cirrhotic patients with no history of previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding and with esophageal varices endoscopically judged to be at high risk of hemorrhage. The end-points of the study were bleeding and death. Life-table curves showed that prophylactic EVL significantly diminished the rate of variceal hemorrhage (12/62 [19%] vs. 38/64 [60%]; P = .0001) and overall mortality (17/62 [28%] vs. 37/64 [58%]; P = .0011). The 2-year cumulative bleeding rate was 19% (12/ 62) in the EVL group and 60% (38/64) in the control group. The 2-year cumulative mortality rate was 28% (17/62) in the EVL group and 58% (37/64) in the control group. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to death of both groups showed significantly lower mortality in the ligation group (P = .001). Patients undergoing EVL had few treatment failures and died mainly of hepatic failure. The lower risk in the EVL group was attributed to a rapid reduction of variceal size. Prophylactic EVL was more efficient in preventing first bleeding in patients with good condition (Child A) than in those with decompensated disease (Child B and C). We conclude that prophylactic EVL can decrease the incidence of first variceal bleeding and death over a period of 2 years in cirrhotic patients with high-risk esophageal varices.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, 803 Army General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Teg
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome