title: Toxicokinetics of cadmium in lactating and nonlactating ewes after oral and intravenous administration.
abstract: We studied the toxicokinetics of cadmium on two groups of ewes, a lactating group and a nonlactating group, after single intravenous and oral administrations of cadmium chloride using a semisimultaneous method and a three-compartment model. The nonlactating ewes showed a low cadmium bioavailability (0.12-0.22%), a large steady-state volume of distribution (23.8 +/- 5.4 liter/kg), and a low blood clearance (0.20 +/- 0.03 liter/kg/day). Their mean residence time was 113 +/- 28 days. The lactating ewes had a higher bioavailability (0.33-1.7%). Their mean residence time was close to that in nonlactating ewes despite a greater blood clearance (0.46 +/- 0.013 liter/kg/day) because the volume of distribution of cadmium in the body was larger (Vss = 48.8 +/- 10.3 liter/kg). Their cadmium clearance in milk, changing with time, remained low and could not explain their higher blood clearance. In one nonlactating ewe, a greater cadmium bioavailability (5%) increased cadmium in the body. Increased cadmium amounts could induce renal damage and shorten the mean residence time (78 days).
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacie et toxicologie, équipe associée INRA-ENVA Cadmium et Aliment d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houpert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Federspiel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milhaud
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium