title: Low-dose danazol in the treatment of livedoid vasculitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Livedoid vasculitis is characterized clinically by smooth or depressed ivory-white scars surrounded by hyperpigmentation and telangiectasia with or without preceding purpuric infiltrated papules and plaques and histologically by intravascular deposition of fibrin. Its etiology remains obscure and therapy very difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to test the efficacy of low-dose danazol in the treatment of livedoid vasculitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with active lesions of livedoid vasculitis were treated with low-dose danazol (200 mg, orally, daily). Laboratory coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters, including antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin and fibrinogen, were evaluated before and during the therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of the 7 patients completed the treatment. After the therapy, all 6 patients had rapid cessation of new lesion formation, prompt reduction in their pain and healing of ulcers. A significant elevation of plasminogen and a decrease in fibrinogen levels were noted 1 month after initiation of the therapy (p = 0.028). The level of fibrinogen seemed to parallel the disease activity in individual patients. In addition, in most of these patients, the levels of antithrombin III, protein C, protein S and alpha 2-antiplasmin tended to increase after the treatment. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Abnormalities of tissue plasminogen activator levels were less consistent. Low-dose danazol was well tolerated without major side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that low-dose danazol was effective in the treatment of livedoid vasculitis, without unacceptable side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000188:drug therapy; D003613:Danazol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000032:analysis; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis; D011693:Purpura / Q000188:drug therapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D012449:Safety; D017445:Skin Diseases, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010958:Plasminogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D003613:Danazol