title: In vivo hybridization of technetium-99m-labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA).
abstract: Hybridization of a radiolabeled single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide with its single-stranded complement in vivo has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. A contributing factor may be unfavorable in vivo properties of the phosphodiester and phosphorothioate DNAs. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers have been reported to possess in vivo properties more suitable for radiopharmaceutical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have radiolabeled an amine-derivatized 15-base PNA oligomer with 99mTc through a modified MAG3 chelator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ability of the PNA to hybridize in vitro with its complement appeared to be unimpaired after conjugation and radiolabeling. Size-exclusion, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 37 degrees C serum after 24 hr of incubation showed the radiolabel to be present predominately as labeled PNA with indications of labeled serum proteins and a low molecular weight catabolite. Whole-body clearance in mice was rapid, with 50% of the label eliminated in about 2 hr. After 2.5 hr, the highest uptake (kidneys) was only 1.5% of the injected dose/g; less than 0.07%/g was present in all sampled tissues at 24 hr. To evaluate in vivo hybridization, beads were implanted subcutaneously in both thighs of normal mice. In the left thigh only, the beads were conjugated with complementary single-stranded PNA. At 23 hr following intraperitoneal administration of the labeled PNA, the left/right thigh radioactivity ratio was 6:1. Whole-body images at this time showed only bladder, kidneys and the left thigh.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike the radiolabeled DNAs investigated in this laboratory, 99mTc-PNA displays stability and pharmacokinetic properties suitable for eventual use as radiopharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01656, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mardirossian
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusckowski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egholm
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hnatowich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals