title: Synergistic increase in Ca2+ produced by A1 adenosine and muscarinic receptor activation via a pertussis-toxin-sensitive pathway in epithelial cells of the rabbit ciliary body.
abstract: The combined effects of adenosine and acetylcholine on the intracellular free-Ca2+ concentration in nonpigmented epithelial cells of the rabbit ciliary body were investigated using fura-2 fluorescence-ratio imaging. Acetylcholine (10 microM) by itself produced a modest increase in [Ca2+]i. Acetylcholine in combination with adenosine, or with the A1-specific agonists N6-cyclohexyl-adenosine, N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine and (R)-N6-(2-phenyl-1-methylethyl)-adenosine (0.1-1 microM), induced a massive increase in [Ca2+]i, which could be blocked by the A1-specific antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. However, the A2-specific agonist 2-[(p-2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide-ade nos ine and the antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2-propynyl)xanthine were without effect. Incubation of the tissue with pertussis toxin did not alter the response to ACh alone but eliminated the synergistic effect of adenosine (or of epinephrine). It was concluded that in the epithelial cells of the rabbit ciliary body, adenosine and epinephrine synergistically potentiate the rise in [Ca2+]i produced by ACh. This potentiation appears to occur via a pertussis-toxin-sensitive pathway, perhaps through G(i).
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Farahbakhsh
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cilluffo
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011817:Rabbits; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D013805:Theobromine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D014970:Xanthines; C057837:3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000241:Adenosine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D013805:Theobromine; D002118:Calcium; D004837:Epinephrine