title: Spastic disorders of the esophagus.
abstract: Spastic disorders of the esophagus are found in up to 50% of patients referred for manometry, therapy representing the most prevalent motility disorders in clinical practice. They share in common their manifestations of hypermotility, one of two principal types of esophageal motor dysfunction. Diffuse esophageal spasm is segregated from the nonspecific spastic disorders because of its demonstrated interference with bolus transit. However, the overlap among the spastic disorders in manifestation, course, and management is great; segregation of any disorder within this group is not of paramount importance. Spastic disorders, pain reproduction with provocative testing, and psychological abnormalities are coprevalent in patients with unexplained symptoms, but a cause-effect relationship of the motor abnormalities with the other findings is not established. The physician's charge in determining the relevance of a spastic disorder to the clinical presentation and for creating a treatment plan is to establish a direct relationship of motor dysfunction with symptoms-a task that may require correlation of transit abnormalities with symptoms using tests other than manometry. A variety of treatment options, invasive and noninvasive, are available today for patients who have spastic disorders, and each is effective in appropriately selected candidates.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clouse
mesh_terms: D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry