title: Chemical ablation of the gallbladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemical ablation of the gallbladder might avoid the need for surgery in elderly, unfit patients. This study examined the efficacy of various chemicals in destroying gallbladder mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five per cent ethanol, 3 per cent sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 2 mol/l, tetracycline 50 mg/ml, 30 and 50 per cent phenol, and a mucosal exfoliant solution (compound ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid) were tested for gallbladder ablation in rabbits. Histology was obtained 8 weeks after exposure to these chemicals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty per cent phenol, tetracycline, TFA and ethanol when used as single agents were moderately effective in causing complete gallbladder mucosal obliteration, 50 per cent phenol caused a macroscopic burn of the entire gallbladder. The mucosal exfoliant solution and STD on their own did not cause mucosal destruction but had significantly enhanced efficacy when combined with 95 per cent ethanol, allowing reliable mucosal destruction with a 5-min contact duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ninety-five per cent ethanol and STD after pretreatment with a mucosal exfoliant solution may be the combination of choice for in situ gallbladder mucosal ablation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Anaesthetic Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D009336:Necrosis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011817:Rabbits; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012981:Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014269:Trifluoroacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000431:Ethanol; D014269:Trifluoroacetic Acid; D013752:Tetracycline; D012981:Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate