title: Urinary tract injuries during obstetric intervention.
abstract: A retrospective case record review of obstetric urinary tract injury in the Grampian region from 1976 to 1993 identified 16 cases of bladder injury (0.1 per 1000 deliveries, 1.4 per 1000 caesarean sections and four cases of ureteric injury (0.03 per 1000 deliveries, 0.27 per 1000 caesarean sections). Diagnosis of bladder injury was immediate, but of ureteric injury often delayed. Although the injury rates are lower than previously reported and previously reported risk factors not confirmed, this audit has resulted in guidelines for junior staff, compliance with which will be monitored, and every case of urinary tract injury will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rajasekar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D015994:Incidence; D008485:Medical Audit; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries*