title: Postradiation osteonecrosis of the mandible: a long-term follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the long-term progress of 26 patients who experienced postradiation osteonecrosis of the jaw between 1975 and 1989.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 26 patients who had been previously managed with hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a part of their treatment for postradiation osteonecrosis of the jaw, 20 were evaluated to determine their current status of the condition: resolved, chronic persisting (unresolved), or active progressive (symptomatic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of 20 patients experienced recurrences of the condition. In one of these patients, surgical treatment was identified as the stimulus of postradiation osteonecrosis. In the other patient, the recurrence appeared to be related to periodontal disease activity. In 60% (12 of 20) of the patients, the condition remained resolved, improvement in clinical staging occurred in 10% (2 of 20) (from symptomatic to unresolved or resolved), and 20% (5 of 20) of the patients continued to demonstrate chronic persisting postradiation osteonecrosis at the end of the long-term follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the contention that postradiation osteonecrosis can occur at any time after radiation therapy, and that patients remain at risk up to 231 months after treatment of the cancer and probably indefinitely after radiation therapy. Our findings also suggest that risk of second episodes of the condition after management of an initial episode is low. In addition, our follow-up study revealed that chronic nonprogressive postradiation osteonecrosis can remain stable without extensive intervention including combined hyperbaric oxygen therapy and surgery.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Dentistry, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Meij
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepawsky
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stevenson-Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies