title: Endogenous retroviral sequences in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update information on endogenous retroviral sequences and discuss their role in systemic autoimmune disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles retrieved after MEDLINE search and personal communications and cooperation with the Institute of Virology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are 2 modes of pathogenetic mechanisms through which endogenous retroviral sequences could cause systemic autoimmune disease: expression of endogenous retroviral gene products sharing antigenic determinants with cellular proteins; and activation or destruction of cellular genes as a consequence of insertional mutagenesis. Both mechanisms have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in animal models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigations on endogenous retroviral sequences in humans may offer new insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walchner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leib-Mösch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Germaier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plewig
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kind
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*