title: Endoscopic variceal ligation versus endoscopic variceal ligation and endoscopic sclerotherapy: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) with a combination of EVL and endoscopic scelerotherapy (EST) in the secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with esophageal varices due to cirrhosis of the liver (38), noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (7), or extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (5) were included in the study. These 50 patients were randomized to receive either EVL alone or a combination of EVL and EST for variceal eradication. Twenty-one patients received EVL alone (group A), and 23 patients received EVL and EST (group B). In group B, EVLs were performed until the varices were reduced to grade II size, and, subsequently, these patients underwent low-dose sclerotherapy with 1% polidocanol until variceal eradication was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined EVL and EST treatment eradicated the varices in a significantly greater number of patients then EVL alone (87% vs. 24%; p < 0.05). However, significantly more endoscopic sessions were required with combined treatment than with EVL alone (5.87 +/- 2.32 vs. 4.28 +/- 1.82; p < 0.05). Rebleeding episodes before variceal eradication were similar in the two groups (19% vs. 22%). The complications were similar in both the EVL and the EVL-plus-EST group, ie., deep ulcers (16% vs. 20%), transient dysphagia (20% vs. 32%), and stricture (4% vs. 8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, combined EVL and EST treatment eradicates varices in a significantly larger number of patients than EVL alone, with no extra complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pokharna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014456:Ulcer / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols