title: Polypeptide chain release factors.
abstract: Newly synthesized polypeptide chains are released from peptidyl-tRNA when the ribosome encounters a stop signal on mRNA. Extra-ribosomal proteins (release factors) play an essential role in this process. Although the termination process was first discovered in the late 1960s, much of the mechanism has remained obscure. However, important steps have recently been made in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in unlocking the secrets of this vital stage in protein synthesis. In this review we summarize these advances and focus attention on the remaining areas of uncertainty, particularly with respect to the models that have been proposed for the action of the GTP-hydrolysing termination factors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, i.e. RF3 and eRF3.
authors.affiliation: CNRS UPR9073, Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Paris, France. rhb@ibpc.fr
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Buckingham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grentzmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kisselev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010443:Peptide Chain Termination, Translational; D010454:Peptide Termination Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D010454:Peptide Termination Factors; D011328:Prions; C087971:peptide-chain-release factor 3; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins