title: Effect of contralateral fog during refractive error assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When assessing refractive error using static retinoscopy, it is conventional to fog the contralateral eye by approximately 2.00 D to prevent a blur-driven accommodative response stimulating consensual accommodation in the tested eye. However, the effect of higher amounts of contralateral fog (e.g., in a moderate-to-high uncorrected myopic individual) during refractive error assessment is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the refractive state in 16 visually normal myopic subjects while fogging the contralateral eye between zero and 6.00 D, in 1.00 D increments. Retinoscopy was simulated by shining a streak retinoscope light into the right eye, while simultaneously measuring the refractive state of this eye objectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant change in mean refractive state was observed for up to 5.00 D of contralateral fog. But, 6.00 D of contralateral fog produced a significant mean increase in the myopic direction of 0.13 D. Also, in three subjects, a myopic shift of approximately 0.60 D was recorded after the introduction of 6.00 D of contralateral fog. Nevertheless, the magnitude of these largest shifts in refractive error are still smaller than the previously reported degree of repeatability of static retinoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since large amounts of contralateral fog produced only small and clinically insignificant changes in the refractive state, the practitioner merely needs to ensure that the nontested eye is indeed fogged. The magnitude of fog present will have only a minimal effect on the final result.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York 10010, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity