title: A case-control study of environmental factors associated with diabetes in the under 5s.
abstract: In 1992 a national case-control study was conducted through the British Paediatric Association Surveillance Unit (BPASU) framework to evaluate both the incidence of IDDM in children under 5 in that year and the effects of various putative trigger factors in the disease pathogenesis. A total of 218 sets of matched case-control questionnaire data established that paternal IDDM (odds ratio (OR) = 16.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94-133.7, p < = 0.001) is independently associated with increased risk, and higher birth order (OR = 0.64, CI 0.44-0.94, p = 0.021) and paternal age greater than 25 years (age 25-39 OR = 0.52, CI 0.30-0.89; age 40 + OR = 0.23, CI 0.08-0.67, p = 0.009) with decreased risk of diabetes. Other factors previously implicated in the disease pathogenesis (birthweight, parental socio-economic status, infant feeding, and immunization record) showed no significant independent association with disease development.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wadsworth
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shield
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001722:Birth Order; D001724:Birth Weight; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010331:Paternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires