title: Possible toxic encephalopathy following high-dose intravenous haloperidol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a case of possible toxic encephalopathy in a surgical patient receiving high-dose intravenous haloperidol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 54-year-old African-American man was admitted for spinal fusion. His medical history included bipolar disorder and a cerebrovascular accident. His recovery from surgery was complicated by the development of agitation, which was treated with increasing doses of intravenous haloperidol. An electroencephalogram was consistent with toxic encephalopathy. The patient's mental status returned to normal 8 days after discontinuation of haloperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose intravenous haloperidol for severe agitation has been reported as an effective and safe treatment option for the hospitalized patient. We report the occurrence of toxic encephalopathy in a patient who received high-dose intravenous haloperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caution should be used when high-dose intravenous haloperidol is used in an agitated patient. If the patient's clinical response is paradoxical to what is anticipated and the resulting agitation is mistakenly attributed to inadequate treatment, increasingly higher doses may only aid in the development of toxic encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maxa
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taleghani
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ogu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanzi
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol