title: Urinary growth hormone following exercise to assess growth hormone production in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The insulin stress test (IST) is the most commonly used test to assess the GH reserve in children and adults. It is a time-consuming, expensive and potentially dangerous test. We investigated whether measurement of urinary growth hormone excretion following exercise would prove on reliable method to diagnose adult GH deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers underwent a standard IST to confirm GH secretion. Using a standardized exercise protocol on a treadmill, the urinary excretion of GH was measured. Three patients confirmed as GH deficient by an IST were exercised during the same exercise protocol and their urinary excretion of GH was measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers and three patients with hypopituitarism were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard IST was performed on both healthy volunteers and patients, with measurements of plasma GH and plasma cortisol. Urinary growth hormone and urinary GH/creatinine (GH/CR) ratios were measured before and after IST. On a separate visit, healthy volunteers and patients were exercised on the treadmill with measurements of plasma GH and cortisol. Urinary GH and GH/CR ratios were measured before and after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was at least a two-fold increase in urinary GH and GH/CR ratios following exercise in all healthy adults. By contrast, patients with GH deficiency showed no rise in urinary GH or urinary GH/CR ratios following exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of urinary GH following exercise can distinguish between GH-deficient adults and healthy volunteers. Urinary GH excretion can be measured over a timed interval following exercise or can be expressed as the GH/CR ratio. This can be measured on a single sample following exercise and can be used to diagnose GH deficiency. The exercise test employed for this study is arduous. We are therefore performing further studies with a less strenuous exercise protocol with a view to designing a 'patient-friendly' exercise test for GH deficiency in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Royal South Hampshire Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parfitt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mardell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Leatherdale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003404:Creatinine; D006854:Hydrocortisone