title: Disposition of L-738,167, a potent and long-acting fibrinogen receptor antagonist, in dogs. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics.
abstract: L-738,167 is a potent and long-acting fibrinogen receptor antagonist and may be useful for treatment of chronic thrombotic occlusive disorders. The purposes of this study were to characterize the metabolism and disposition of L-738,167, and to investigate factors affecting its pharmacokinetic behaviors in dogs, one of the animal models used in pharmacological and toxicological studies. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that L-738,167 was not metabolized to any appreciable extent in dogs. Biliary excretion was found to be the major route (approximately 75%) of drug elimination. Following 1 and 3 micrograms/kg iv doses, blood pharmacokinetics of L-738,167 were linear. Total blood clearance (CLB) was much lower than hepatic blood flow, and the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss,B) was comparable with blood volume. Blood pharmacokinetics in the dose range of 3-250 micrograms/kg were dose-dependent; both CLB and Vdss,B for L-738,167 increased markedly with increasing doses. However, the terminal half-life (t1/2) was dose-independent, with a mean value of approximately 4 days. L-738,167 was found to bind negligibly to dog plasma proteins. Determinations of whole blood (WB), platelet-rich plasma, and platelet-poor plasma concentrations after several intravenous doses of [3H]L-738,167 revealed significant concentration-dependent binding of the compound to platelets. Kinetic analysis of the platelet binding indicated that L-738,167 was bound to dog platelets with high affinity (apparent Kd approximately 1 nM platelet-poor plasma concentration) and relatively low capacity (approximately 70 nM WB concentration). Findings are consistent with the binding kinetics of L-738,167 to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor, supporting that GP IIb/IIIa was the primary binding component on the platelets. It was concluded that the dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of L-738,167 were the consequence of the concentration-dependent drug-platelet binding. Due to this extensive platelet binding, L-738,167, when given in therapeutic doses or lower, resided primarily in the vascular compartment-the site of pharmacological action. At doses exceeding the receptor binding capacity, the excess amount or the unbound drug was eliminated rapidly. In all cases, the equally long t1/2 of L-738,167 was also a consequence of the high-affinity binding to platelets, in good agreement with its prolonged pharmacodynamic profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prueksaritanont
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gorham
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Naue
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hamill
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Askew
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Vyas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; C105929:L 738167; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014316:Tritium