title: A review of nipple discharge in Chinese women.
abstract: Nipple discharge was the presenting complaint in 104 patients (1.5%) from a series of 7000 women who were seen in a breast clinic over a 13-year period. Complete follow-up information was available in 66 Chinese patients. The mean age at presentation was 47 years. Twenty-six patients (39%) were postmenopausal. Unilateral discharge (92%) from a single duct (77%) was the main finding. There were five patients (8%) with proven breast cancer; benign duct papilloma was found in 17 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that cancer was most likely in women over the age of 55 (P < 0.05) and when the discharge was bloody (P < 0.05). Ductography was also found to be useful in the diagnosis of duct papilloma (P < 0.02).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Alagaratnam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001769:Blood; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009558:Nipples / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D018300:Papilloma, Intraductal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017698:Postmenopause; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity