title: Response of myocardial cellular energy metabolism to variation of buffer composition during open-chest experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pig.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible relationships in piglets between myocardial energy-related metabolites and intracellular electrolytes during open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OCCPR) supplemented by the administration of alkaline buffers with varying sodium content. Our hypothesis was that an increasing myocardial intracellular sodium content would decrease the intracellular energy stores. In addition to haemodynamics, acid-base and blood gas variables were analysed, and myocardial biopsies were collected before and during OCCPR as well as after the return of spontaneous circulation. After a period of 4 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF). 25 piglets were randomly allocated to one of four groups: OCCPR with normal saline (n = 5); OCCPR with sodium bicarbonate (SB) (n = 7); OCCPR with Tris buffer mixture (TBM) (n = 7); and a totally untreated control group (n = 6). The results showed that 4 min of untreated VF almost eradicated creatine phosphate (CrP) and that the ATP/ADP ratio decreased to 1.5-2.0. During OCCPR with normal saline, the myocardial content of CrP increased, whereas lactate, ATP and ADP levelled off and AMP decreased, causing an increased ATP/ADP ratio. The adenosine and inosine contents increased, whereas inosine monophosphate was unchanged at a low level, the adenosine and inosine contents being inversely correlated with the total content of adenine nucleotides. In both buffered groups, the increase in most energy-related metabolites (CrP, ATP, ADP, AMP and the ATP/ADP quotient) was less and in lactate more pronounced than in the group not being buffered, with no difference between the groups receiving SB or TBM. Although the intracellular potassium content was unaltered, the sodium, chloride and calcium concentration increased, more so in the group receiving SB. The intracellular content of sodium was correlated with that of calcium. Thus, buffering increased the myocardial AMP degradation during OCCPR by increasing the flux via the 5'-nucleotidase reaction, and SB increased the intracellular contents of sodium and calcium to a greater extent than did TBM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronquist
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Roomans
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubertsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waldenström
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013552:Swine; D014325:Tromethamine
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004573:Electrolytes; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D014325:Tromethamine; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium