title: Functional myocardial perfusion abnormality induced by left ventricular asynchronous contraction: experimental study using myocardial contrast echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify how myocardial perfusion is impaired by asynchronous contraction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  False septal hypoperfusion is noted in some patients with left bundle branch block.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight dogs were examined with epicardial pacing at the left ventricular posterior wall, the right ventricular anterior wall and, as a control, the right atrial appendage. The pacing rate was 80, 110 and 150 beats/min (bpm). Myocardial perfusion was assessed by contrast echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular pacing at 80 and 110 bpm did not change systolic wall thickening or contrast intensity at the pacing site, although an early excitation notch was noted at the pacing site. However, at 150 bpm, systolic thickening was impaired (23.3 +/- 4.2% vs. 37.0 +/- 2.6% during atrial pacing, p < 0.05), and the peak intensity ratio of the pacing site to the ventricular septum was significantly decreased (24.1 +/- 5.7% vs. 37.0 +/- 2.8% at a pacing rate of 80 bpm, p < 0.01). The peak intensity ratio correlated with systolic wall thickening at the pacing site (y = 0.413 x -0.028, r = 0.81, p < 0.0001). However, right ventricular pacing did not change either systolic thickening or the peak intensity ratio at any pacing rate, although an early excitation notch was noted on the ventricular septum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wall motion abnormalities after early excitation vary depending on the pacing mode. When tachycardia induces regional wall motion abnormalities, the ventricular wall of the pacing site is functionally hypoperfused.
authors.affiliation: Osaka University Faculty of Medicine, School of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics, Suita, Japan. beppu@sahs.med. osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beppu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyatake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D017725:Ventricular Pressure