title: Ventriculofemoroatrial shunt: a viable alternative for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Technical note.
abstract: Children with shunted hydrocephalus often have a myriad of other medical conditions. When these concomitant problems involve the pleura, peritoneum, and/or the venous system, placement of the distal catheter may prove to be problematic. This report presents preliminary results in three hydrocephalic children following ventriculofemoroatrial shunt placement. The peritoneal and pleural cavities in each of these children were compromised and there was no vascular access into the superior vena cava due to intercurrent disease. An alternative technique for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement was performed via the femoral vein. Fluoroscopic guidance was used to confirm the intraatrial position of the distal end of the shunt catheter. Follow-up review to date shows no complications. This newly described technique provides a feasible alternative to distal shunt catheter placement in patients in whom more traditional sites are unavailable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4399, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Soutter
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006325:Heart Atria; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography