title: Intrapulmonary steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin in healthy adult volunteers.
abstract: The steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin in plasma were compared with concomitant concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained in intrapulmonary samples during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage from 40 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Mean plasma clarithromycin, 14-(R)-hydroxyclarithromycin, and azithromycin concentrations were similar to those previously reported. Clarithromycin was extensively concentrated in ELF (range of mean +/- standard deviation concentrations, 34.4 +/- 29.3 microg/ml at 4 h to 4.6 +/- 3.7 microg/ml at 24 h) and AM (480 +/- 533 microg/ml at 4 h to 99 +/- 50 microg/ml at 24 h). The concentrations of azithromycin in ELF were 1.01 +/- 0.45 microg/ml at 4 h to 1.22 +/- 0.59 microg/ml at 24 h, and those in AM were 42.7 +/- 28.7 microg/ml at 4 h to 41.7 +/- 12.1 microg/ml at 24 h. The concentrations of 14-(R)-hydroxyclarithromycin in the AM ranged from 89.3 +/- 52.8 microg/ml at 4 h to 31.3 +/- 17.7 microg/ml at 24 h. During the period of 24 h after drug administration, azithromycin and clarithromycin achieved mean concentrations in ELF and AM higher than the concomitant concentrations in plasma.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USA. kar@uic.edu
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rodvold
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gotfried
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Danziger
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Servi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C056228:14-hydroxyclarithromycin; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin