title: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of tetrahydropyrimidinones as an example of a general approach to nonpeptide HIV protease inhibitors.
abstract: Re-examination of the design of the cyclic urea class of HIV protease (HIVPR) inhibitors suggests a general approach to designing novel nonpeptide cyclic HIVPR inhibitors. This process involves the inversion of the stereochemical centers of the core transition-state isostere of the linear HIVPR inhibitors and cyclization of the resulting core using an appropriate cyclizing reagent. As an example, this process is applied to the diamino alcohol class of HIVPR inhibitors to give tetrahydropyrimidinones. Conformational analysis of the tetrahydropyrimidinones and modeling of its interaction with the active site of HIVPR suggested modifications which led to very potent inhibitors of HIVPR (24 with a Ki = 0.018 nM). The X-ray crystallographic structure of the complex of 24 with HIVPR confirms the analysis and modeling predictions. The example reported in this study and other examples that are cited indicate that this process may be generally applicable to other linear inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0500, USA.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: De Lucca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Aldrich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cordova
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Klabe
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003500:Cyclization; D015195:Drug Design; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010091:Oximes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010091:Oximes; D011744:Pyrimidinones; C106277:tetrahydro-1,3-bis((3-benzamide oxime)methyl)-5-hydroxy-4-(2-phenylethyl)-6-(phenylethyl)-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone