title: Retinal haemorrhages and convulsions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of retinal haemorrhages after convulsions in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children who required hospital admission after an episode of convulsions were included in the study. Complete neurological and ocular examinations, including ophthalmoscopy, were undertaken within 48 hours of hospital admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty three children were examined according to the protocol and their seizures were classified by a paediatric neurologist. Despite the fact that some of the children also vomited or underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, none of the 33 children developed retinal haemorrhages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Convulsions rarely (if ever) give rise to retinal haemorrhages. The finding of retinal haemorrhages should stimulate a detailed assessment to exclude non-accidental injury, whatever the nature of the associated or antecedent events.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Children's Hospital, NHS Trust, Ladywood.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandramouli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsaloumas
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Willshaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology