title: Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene.
abstract: Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) has received attention in terms of pathogenesis of schizophrenia and association with human personalities. We isolated the human DRD4 gene containing the 5'-flanking region and determined its sequence. Analysis of the DRD4 transcripts by 5'-RACE (5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends) revealed a region of the transcription initiation located between -501 and -436 relative to the first nucleotide of the initiation codon. There is a CpG island spanning from -900 to +500 but no TATA or CAAT boxes in the 5'-flanking region. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the DRD4 gene by a transient expression method revealed the presence of a negative modulator between -770 and -679. The region between -591 and -123 gave the highest transcriptional activity in IMR32 (neuroblastoma) and Y-79 (retinoblastoma) cells but not in HeLa cells, suggesting that this housekeeping gene-like promoter regulates the cell-type specific gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Information, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumaki
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase