title: Overexpression of resistance-related proteins (metallothioneins, glutathione-S-transferase pi, heat shock protein 27, and lung resistance-related protein) in osteosarcoma. Relationship with poor prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma has improved over the past 20 years, mainly due to developments in chemotherapy. Some proteins have been reported to show drug resistance. Theoretically, overexpression of some of these proteins makes treatment difficult, leading to poorer outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens taken from conventional osteosarcomas of the extremity bones from 60 patients younger than 30 years were used. In all cases, preoperative oncostatic chemotherapy was undertaken after biopsy. If available, biopsy specimens were also used for sequential comparison. Among resistance-related proteins, expression of metallothioneins (MTs), glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST pi), heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), and lung resistance-related protein (LRP) was evaluated immunohistochemically in paraffin sections. The log rank test was used for univariate analysis and the Cox regression model for multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At biopsy, only overexpression of Hsp27 was associated with poor prognosis. At surgery, a relationship was observed between poor prognosis and overexpression of GST pi, Hsp27, and LRP. Groups overexpressing one protein tended to overexpress another. Overexpression of these proteins in surgical specimens also correlated with histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and clinical stage. In multivariate analysis, Hsp27 overexpression at biopsy was an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inherent overexpression of Hsp27 is independently related to poor outcome in osteosarcoma patients. Overexpression of GST pi, Hsp27, and LRP at surgery might be associated with failure of preoperative chemotherapy. Control of the expression of these proteins may improve the outcome for patients with osteosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uozaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machinami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020394:Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles; D000099187:Major Vault Protein
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008668:Metallothionein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020394:Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles; D000099187:Major Vault Protein