title: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among inhabitants and healthy employees of institutes for the intellectually disabled.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies in the Netherlands from 5% in children to about 50% in the elderly. In the institutionalized intellectually disabled, a high prevalence of infection has been reported. It is unknown whether there are specific risk factors to obtain H. pylori infection in this population, and whether employees of such institutes are at risk for H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therefore, we analyzed the seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies by ELISA among 338 intellectually disabled inhabitants and 254 employees of two institutes. H. pylori-positive patients were compared with H. pylori-negative controls. The intellectually disabled and the employees were evaluated for possible risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 338 intellectually disabled, 280 (82.8%, median age 51 yr) were infected with H. pylori. This rate is significantly higher than the prevalence of H. pylori in the Dutch population. The presence of H. pylori was significantly associated with male gender, longer duration of institutionalization, an IQ < 50, rumination, and a history of upper abdominal symptoms. Of the 254 employees, 69 (27.2%) were infected, which is equal to the rate for the total Dutch population. The presence of H. pylori infection among employees was, however, significantly associated with a higher level of physical contact with the intellectually disabled, longer duration of employment, and having upper abdominal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intellectually disabled persons are at high risk of developing H. pylori infection. Employees with close physical contact to the intellectually disabled population for a considerable period of time are also at increased risk. H. pylori infection should be considered a job attributable risk in this profession.
authors.affiliation: Bartiméus Institute for the Intellectually Disabled, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Böhmer
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg-Knol
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Niezen-de Boer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuckink-Kool
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Meuwissen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004651:Employment; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial