title: The effect of paclitaxel on the radiosensitivity of gynecological tumor cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paclitaxel, a natural product from Taxus brevifolia, is a microtubule stabilizing agent, which has been shown to block different cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and consequently, to modulate their radioresponsiveness. Our aim was to test the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing potential of paclitaxel, with respect to different gynecological tumors with varying radiosensitivities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed clonogenic assays and flow cytometry on 2 cell lines, MCF-7 (breast) and CaSki (cervix) cells, and on 2 primary ovarian tumor samples (OC-I and OC-II). The cells were irradiated with 200 kV X-rays, radiation doses of up to 8 Gy were applied either as single doses or in 2 Gy fractions. Paclitaxel concentrations varied from 0.07 to 700 nM, incubation times varied from 3 to 120 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paclitaxel alone changed the cell cycle distribution of the cells tested and was cytotoxic in a time and concentration dependent manner. When combined with radiation, most schedules resulted in additive effects of the combined treatments. However, for MCF-7 cells, when 7 nM paclitaxel, applied 24 h before irradiation, were combined with fractionated irradiation a supra-additive effect with a SER of 1.2 was found. For CaSki cells, under comparable conditions the SER was 1.13 but the effects were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under specific conditions, paclitaxel exerted a weak radiosensitizing effect on breast and cervical carcinoma cells. A therapeutic gain may be possible on the basis of an optimal paclitaxel/radiation scheduling.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Göttingen.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rave-Fränk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jäschke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tänzer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boghun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fietkau
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017239:Paclitaxel