title: Pharmacology of the internal anal sphincter and abnormalities in faecal incontinence.
abstract: Studies of anorectal physiology and in-vivo experiments on the innervation of the anorectum have provided considerable information about anorectal function. Additional information regarding the receptors and nerves involved in the control of the internal anal sphincter function has been obtained from in-vitro studies of isolated muscle strips of the internal anal sphincter.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich Health Care NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Speakman
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine