title: Improved cytosolic free calcium mobilization and superoxide production in bicarbonate-based peritoneal dialysis solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraperitoneal phagocytes play an important role in local host defence to prevent CAPD peritonitis. The intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i is thought to be involved in the regulation of various cell functions. This study therefore investigates the effect of lactate-based dialysis solution (LBDS) and bicarbonate-based dialysis solution (BBDS) on cytosolic free calcium mobilization and superoxide production (SP) as important steps in signal transduction and bacterial killing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied changes in [Ca2+]i and SP following stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) incubated in either LBDS-pH 5.2, LBDS adjusted to pH 7.4, 1:10 diluted spent and fresh LBDS or BBDS-pH 7.4 with different glucose concentrations, comparing the data with cells treated with Hanks buffer (HBSS) pH 7.4 as control. To elucidate the effect of glucose and lactate PMNs were additionally incubated in HBSS-pH 7.4, containing glucose (HBSS-Glu-pH 7.4) or lactate (HBSS-Lact-pH 7.4) in the same concentrations as contained in CAPD solutions and tested as above. PMNs were isolated from healthy blood donors and incubated with dialysis solution 10 min prior to stimulation with fMLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  [Ca2+]i mobilization and SP were completely inhibited in PMNs incubated in LBDS pH 5.2. pH adjustment of LBDS to 7.4 and 1:10 dilution of spent and fresh LBDS corrected some of the suppression of the calcium influx and superoxide production. BBDS pH 7.4, however, preserved physiological cell function significantly better at low (1.5 and 2.3%) glucose concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison to conventional lactate-based dialysis solution, pH adjusted and 1:10 diluted LBDS, bicarbonate-based dialysis solution is more biocompatible since it preserves significantly better neutrophil cell functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dobos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Passlick-Deetjen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schollmeyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böhler
mesh_terms: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D013481:Superoxides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium