title: Correlation between subjective and objective measures used to determine severity of postoperative pain in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between subjective and objective variables commonly used to evaluate severity of postoperative pain in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 dogs with unilateral rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament that underwent surgery to stabilize the stifle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each dog was assessed to determine severity of pain before and after surgery, using various subjective and objective criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective measures of pain (scores for visual analogue and numerical rating scales) correlated poorly or were not correlated with heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and results of a pain threshold test. Scores for visual analogue and numerical rating scales correlated with each other and with the amount of vocalization at most time periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected a weak association between commonly employed subjective and objective measures of pain. This indicated that some of these measurement techniques do not predictably reflect severity of postoperative pain in dogs. Therefore, clinicians should not rely too heavily on these variables when assessing severity of postoperative pain in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Conzemius
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sammarco
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Perkowski
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006339:Heart Rate; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000662:veterinary; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics