title: Efficacy of dorzolamide hydrochloride in the management of chronic cystoid macular edema in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of topical dorzolamide hydrochloride (Trusopt, Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, PA), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with that of oral acetazolamide (Diamox; Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, NY) for the management of chronic cystoid macular edema in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, double-masked, crossover study was conducted in five patients with retinitis pigmentosa who had chronic cystoid macular edema. After baseline visual acuity was measured and a fluorescein angiogram was obtained, each patient was randomly assigned to receive either topical dorzolamide or a placebo for 4 weeks, followed by a crossover for the same period. Oral acetazolamide then was given separately to each patient for 2 weeks. Each phase of the study was followed by a washout period of 4 weeks, during which the patient was taken off all medications. At each visit, best corrected visual acuity was measured, a fluorescein angiogram was obtained, a subjective assessment of the effects on visual function, and any side effects of the medication or placebo were recorded in the form of a questionnaire by an independent observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline or placebo values, there was no measurable improvement in visual acuity on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts with dorzolamide in any of the patients. The visual acuity in three of five patients, however, improved by seven letters or more with acetazolamide. Compared again with baseline or placebo values, fluorescein angiograms of two of five patients showed improvement in macular edema in both eyes with the use of dorzolamide, whereas all five showed improvement with acetazolamide. The improvement in macular edema was more marked with acetazolamide than with dorzolamide. The effect of dorzolamide given three times a day was the same as that when it was given five times a day. One patient indicated that dorzolamide was more effective than acetazolamide in improving visual function, three of five patients believed that acetazolamide was more effective, and one felt that both were equally effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dorzolamide provided improvement in cases of macular edema on fluorescein angiograms and subjective improvement of visual function in some patients with retinitis pigmentosa with cystoid macular edema. However, there was no measurable improvement in visual acuity with the topical use of this drug. Oral acetazolamide was found to be more effective than dorzolamide in managing macular edema and improving visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Adelman
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C062765:dorzolamide; D000086:Acetazolamide