title: Cardiovascular effects of a low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: 1. Cardiovascular effects of submaximal antihypertensive doses of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril (0.25 mg kg-1 day-1 in the food), and the calcium channel blocker, felodipine (0.4 mg kg-1 day-1 subcutaneously by osmotic minipump), both alone and in combination, were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in a four-week study. 2. Both ramipril and felodipine as monotherapy decreased systolic blood pressure. The antihypertensive effect of the drug combination was more than that of ramipril treatment alone, but not significantly better than that of felodipine monotherapy. Ramipril or felodipine treatments did not significantly affect the heart rate, either alone or in combination. 3. The beneficial effect of ramipril monotherapy on left ventricular hypertrophy was more prominent than that of felodipine. The cardioprotective effect of felodipine was improved when combined to ramipril. The systolic blood pressure at the end of the experimental period correlated only weakly with left ventricular hypertrophy. 4. Responses of mesenteric arterial rings in vitro were examined at the end of the four-week study. Ramipril and felodipine monotherapies as well as their combination markedly improved the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation responses to acetylcholine. The combination of ramipril and felodipine slightly enhanced the endothelium-independent vascular relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside. Ramipril treatment alone slightly diminished the vascular contractile responses to noradrenaline. Neither ramipril nor felodipine alone or in combination affected the vascular contractile responses to potassium chloride. 5. Ramipril treatment, both alone and in combination with felodipine, caused a three fold increase in plasma renin activity. Serum aldosterone, fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin and the 24 hour urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus or protein were not significantly affected by the drug treatments. 6. Our findings suggest that a better overall control of hypertension and end-organ damages, without an increase in adverse effects, can be achieved by the combination of submaximal antihypertensive doses of felodipine and ramipril than by monotherapy with either drug alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mervaala
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Teräväinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vapaatalo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karppanen
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015736:Felodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017257:Ramipril; D015736:Felodipine