title: Postthyroidectomy analgesia: morphine, buprenorphine, or bupivacaine?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare three analgesic regimens for pain relief after thyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient anesthesia in a university department of endocrine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  342 patients scheduled for elective thyroidectomy with nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane anesthesia in addition to fentanyl.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 received preoperative oral controlled release morphine 10 mg, and Group 2 received postoperative sublingual buprenorphine 0.2 mg. Group 3 received 0.25% bupivacaine (10 ml) wound infiltration before skin closure. Eight hours after tracheal extubation, patients received a second dose of the same drug in each group except in Group 3, where medication was changed to sublingual buprenorphine 0.2 mg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in Group 2 required fewer additional analgesics: 0.54 +/- 0.68 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.84 in Group 1 and 0.79 +/- 0.78 in Group 3. Patients in Group 2 demonstrated a better pain score and this group showed a higher percentage of satisfied patients: 96% vs. 85% in Group 1 and 91% in Group 3. Group 2 also included more patients requiring no analgesics: 56% vs. 32% in Group 1 and 42% in Group 3. The side effects in all three groups did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of sublingual buprenorphine after thyroidectomy provides better analgesia than small doses of oral controlled-release morphine or than 0.25% bupivacaine wound infiltration at the end of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, Jean Bernard University Hospital, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacoste
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kraimps
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chabin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ingrand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fusciardi
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013965:Thyroidectomy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D002047:Buprenorphine; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine