title: Lead induced rise in intracellular free calcium is mediated through activation of protein kinase C in osteoblastic bone cells.
abstract: Lead characteristically perturbs processes linked to the calcium messenger system. This study was undertaken to determine the role of PKC in the Pb2+ induced rise of [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i was measured using the divalent cation indicator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy) ethane N, N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5F-BAPTA) and 19F-NMR in the osteoblast cell line, ROS 17/2.8. Treatment of cells with Pb2+ at 1 and 5 microM produced a rise in [Ca2+]i from a basal level of 125 nM to 170 nM and 230 nM, respectively, while treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (10 microM), an activator of PKC, produced a rise in [Ca2+]i to 210 nM. Pretreatment with calphostin C, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of PKC activation failed to produce a change in basal [Ca2+]i and prevented any rise in [Ca2+]i in response to Pb2+. To determine whether Pb2+ acts directly on PKC, we measured the Pb2(+)-dependent activation of phosphatidylserine/diolein-dependent incorporation of 32P from ATP into histone and endogenous TCA precipitable proteins in the 100,000 X g supernatant from homogenized ROS 17/2.8 cells. The free concentrations of Pb2+ and Ca2+ were set using 5F-BAPTA; and [Ca2+] and [Pb2+] in the PKC reaction mixtures were confirmed by 19F-NMR. We found that Pb2+ activates PKC in the range of 10(-11)-10(-7) M, with an activation constant of 1.1 X 10(-10) M, whereas Ca2+ activates PKC in the range from 10(-8) to 10(-3) M, with an activation constant of 3.6 X 10(-7) M. These data suggest that Pb2+ activates PKC in ROS 17/2.8 cells and that Pb2+ activation of PKC mediates the documented rise in [Ca2+]i and, perhaps, other toxic effects of Pb2+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Schanne
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead; D004533:Egtazic Acid; C039877:5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium