Sperm-egg interaction in the painted frog (Discoglossus pictus): an ultrastructural study.
The ultrastructure of sperm changes and penetration in the egg was studied in the anuran Discoglossus pictus, whose sperm have an acrosome cap with a typical tip, the apical rod. The first stage of the sperm apical rod and acrosome reaction (AR) consists in vesiculation between the plasma membrane and the outer acrosome membrane. The two components of the acrosome cap are released in sequence. The innermost component (component B) is dispersed first. The next acrosome change is the dispersal of the outermost acrosome content (component A). At 30 sec postinsemination, when the loss of component B is first observed, holes are seen in the innermost jelly coat (J1), surrounding the penetrating sperm. Therefore, this acrosome constituent might be related to penetration through the innermost egg investments. At 1 min postinsemination, during sperm penetration into the egg, a halo of finely granular material is observed around the inner acrosome membrane of the spermatozoon, suggesting a role for component A at this stage of penetration. Gamete-binding and fusion take place between D1 (the egg-specific site for sperm interaction) and the perpendicularly oriented sperm. Spermatozoa visualized at their initial interaction (15 sec postinsemination) with the oolemma are undergoing vesiculation. The first interaction is likely to occur between the D1 glycocalyx and the plasma membrane of the hybrid vesicles surrounding the apical rod. As fusion is observed between the internal acrosome membrane and the oolemma, it can be postulated that gametic interaction might be followed by fusion of the latter with the apical rod internal membrane that extends posteriorly into the inner acrosome membrane. Insemination of the outermost jelly layer (J3) dissected out of the egg, and observations of the ultrastructural changes of spermatozoa in this coat, indicate that J3 rather than the vitelline coat (VC) induces the AR. Interestingly, at the late postinsemination stage, VC fibrils are seen crosslinking the inner acrosome membrane. The role of this binding is here discussed.
Campanella
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C
Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Comparata, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
Carotenuto
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R
Infante
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V
Maturi
G
G
Atripaldi
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U
D000177:Acrosome / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010063:Ovum / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013997:Time Factors