Monitoring methods for local nasal immunotherapy.
When a patient is affected by specific vasomotor rhinopathy (allergic rhinitis), both perennial and seasonal, all the nasal functions are altered to various degrees. For this reason, in the evaluation of the efficacy of an antiallergic therapy we include: 1) anterior rhinoscopy; 2) active anterior rhinomanometry; 3) positioned acoustic rhinometry; 4) determination of mucociliary transport time; and 5) specific nasal provocation test. Active anterior rhinomanometry performed according to the directions of the International Committee on Standardization allows reliable assessment of the nasal respiratory function. Acoustic rhinometry is an objective method to assess the geometry of nasal cavities but, as a new method, needs more standardization with particular care in connecting the nose-piece to the nostril. Both these tests performed before and after local administration of nasal decongestants allow quantification of the congestion degree of the nasal mucosa. Determination of mucociliary transport time, according to the method of coloured tracer, is easy to perform and may be considered a reliable indicator of the mucosa eutrophism. In our clinical experience we have often found mucociliary transport times delayed or even blocked, especially in patients affected by perennial allergic rhinitis. According to our experience the specific nasal provocation test is one of the most important tests in this field: it is more sensitive than skin tests and RAST in the asymptomatic phase and it is able to show organ allergies. In this paper we review the importance of this test, the methodology we currently use as well as changes after local nasal immunotherapy.
Passali
D
D
ENT Clinic, University of Siena Medical School, Italy.
Bellussi
L
L
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012882:Skin Tests
D007073:Immunoglobulin E