title: Integration of T-DNA binary vector 'backbone' sequences into the tobacco genome: evidence for multiple complex patterns of integration.
abstract: During the process of crown gall tumorigenesis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers part of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid, the T-DNA, to a plant cell where it eventually becomes stably integrated into the plant genome. Directly repeated DNA sequences, called T-DNA borders, define the left and the right ends of the T-DNA. The T-DNA can be physically separated from the remainder of the Ti-plasmid, creating a 'binary vector' system; this system is frequently used to generate transgenic plants. Scientists initially thought that only those sequences located between T-DNA left and right borders transferred to the plant. More recently, however, several reports have appeared describing the integration of the non-T-DNA binary vector 'backbone' sequences into the genome of transgenic plants. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we constructed T-DNA binary vectors containing a nos-nptll gene within the T-DNA and a mas2'-gusA (beta-glucuronidase) gene outside the T-DNA borders. We regenerated kanamycin-resistant transgenic tobacco plants and analyzed these plants for the expression of the vector-localized gusA gene and for the presence of binary vector backbone sequences. Approximately one-fifth of the plants expressed detectable GUS activity. PCR analysis indicated that approximately 75% of the plants contained the gusA gene. Southern blot analysis indicated that the vector backbone sequences could integrate into the tobacco genome linked either to the left or to the right T-DNA border. The vector backbone sequences could also integrate into the plant genome independently of (unlinked to) the T-DNA. Although we could readily detect T-strands containing the T-DNA within the bacterium, we could not detect T-strands containing only the vector backbone sequences or these vector sequences linked to the T-DNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kononov
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bassuner
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gelvin
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005966:Glucuronidase; D007613:Kanamycin Resistance; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D018744:DNA, Plant; C036483:T-DNA; D005966:Glucuronidase