title: Bone and soft tissue manifestations of alveolar echinococcosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study demonstrates the osseous and soft tissue manifestations of alveolar echinococcosis (AE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on eight patients with AE with bone or soft tissue involvement confirmed at biopsy or needle cytology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All eight patients showed hepatic involvement. Four exhibited infiltration of the spine as a result of direct spread of the hepatic primary lesion; distant metastases were observed in only three of these patients. Calcifications, which are typical for hepatic manifestations of the disease, were observed in soft tissue in only two of eight cases (25%); we observed no instances of endovesicular daughter cysts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AE manifests itself in the vertebral column as a form of spondylitis and in soft tissue presents similar to an abscess. Since in most of these cases spread of the disease per continuitatem from the liver is present, the diagnosis is easily made from the characteristic hepatic findings.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Radiologie I, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Merkle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kramme
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usadel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Brambs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D004444:Echinococcosis, Hepatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods