title: AMPA receptor agonists: resolution, configurational assignment, and pharmacology of (+)-(S)- and (-)-(R)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-pyridyl)-isoxazol-4-yl]-propionic acid (2-Py-AMPA).
abstract: We have previously shown that whereas (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (APPA) shows the characteristics of a partial agonist at (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors, (S)-APPA is a full AMPA receptor agonist and (R)-APPA a weak competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. This observation led us to introduce the new pharmacological concept, functional partial agonism. Recently we have shown that the 2-pyridyl analogue of APPA, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-pyridyl)isoxazol-4-yl]propionic acid (2-Py-AMPA), is a potent and apparently full AMPA receptor agonist, and this compound has now been resolved into (+)- and (-)-2-Py-AMPA (ee > or = 99.0%) by chiral HPLC using a Chirobiotic T column. The absolute stereochemistry of the enantiomers of APPA has previously been established by X-ray analysis, and on the basis of comparative studies of the circular dichroism spectra of the enantiomers of APPA and 2-Py-AMPA, (+)- and (-)-2-Py-AMPA were assigned the (S)- and (R)-configuration, respectively. In a series of receptor binding studies, neither enantiomer of 2-Py-AMPA showed detectable affinity for kainic acid receptor sites or different sites at the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor complex. (+)-(S)-2-Py-AMPA was an effective inhibitor of [3H]AMPA binding (IC50 = 0.19 +/- 0.06 microM) and a potent AMPA receptor agonist in the rat cortical wedge preparation (EC50 = 4.5 +/- 0.3 microM) comparable with AMPA (IC50 = 0.040 +/- 0.01 microM; EC50 = 3.5 +/- 0.2 microM), but much more potent than (+)-(S)-APPA (IC50 = 5.5 +/- 2.2 microM; EC50 = 230 +/- 12 microM). Like (-)-(R)-APPA (IC50 > 100 microM), (-)-(R)-2-Py-AMPA (IC50 > 100 microM) did not significantly affect [3H]AMPA binding, and both compounds were weak AMPA receptor antagonists (Ki = 270 +/- 50 and 290 +/- 20 microM, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krogsgaard-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000819:agonists* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: C106672:2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-(2-pyridyl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008024:Ligands; D011725:Pyridines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C086714:2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid; D000409:Alanine