title: DNA scission after focal brain ischemia. Temporal differences in two species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Species- and model-dependent differences in cell response to focal brain ischemia may underlie differences in adhesion receptor expression. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of dUTP incorporation into damaged DNA, as an indicator of ischemic injury, in the corpus striatum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebral ischemia was produced in 16 nonhuman primates and 19 rats by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA:O) with reperfusion for various periods. In situ dUTP was incorporated into cells with DNA damage by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), DNA polymerase I, or the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase. Dual immunolabeling experiments with immunoprobes against neuronal, vascular, or glial marker proteins were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant topographical differences in dUTP between the two species were seen. In both models the TdT and polymerase I regions changed characteristically during focal ischemia. The number and density of dUTP-labeled cells increased with time from MCA:O and were dramatically different between the species (2P < .001). By 2 hours of ischemia, the density of dUTP label was 48.8 +/- 10.3 cells/mm2 in the primate and 2.4 +/- 0.8 cells/mm2 in the rat (2P < .05), but these values became nearly identical by 24 hours of reperfusion. In the primate, 80.0 +/- 6.6% of labeled cells displayed microtubule-associated protein-2 antigen (at 2-hour MCA:O), while 1.8 +/- 0.5% were associated with microvessels at 24 hours of reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In situ detection of DNA damage, accomplished by three methods, reveals distinct temporal, topographical, and density differences in ischemic injury to cells in the primate and the rat corpus striatum as a result of MCA:O.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagaya
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seiffert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: del Zoppo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; C027078:deoxyuridine triphosphate; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; D004256:DNA Polymerase I