title: Video-assisted coronary bypass surgery: clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical experience with a video-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting procedure using the internal mammary artery is reported. The technique consists of a videoscopic harvesting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to revascularise the left anterior descending artery (LAD) through a 4-cm left thoracotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1995 and July 1996, we performed this procedure on 30 patients (29 males, 1 female; aged 38-71) with an isolated proximal LAD stenosis (n = 21) or occlusion (n = 9). All patients were symptomatic despite appropriate medication. A history of non-transmural myocardial infarction with myocardial viability was found in nine patients. Fourteen patients had a restenosis after previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.61 (< 0.3 in two patients). The LAD LIMA anastomosis was performed on the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 26 patients. Femoral-femoral CPB was used in three patients because of unstable angina (n = 1) and intramyocardial LAD (n = 2). Conversion to sternotomy and standard CPB was necessary in one patient for extensive endarterectomy of the LAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no operative complications and no reoperations for haemorrhage. Pulmonary infection was observed in one patient and wound infection in one patient. Patients who underwent the complete procedure on the beating heart without conversion or CPB were ready for discharge on the 5th postoperative day (36 h-13 days). Control coronary angiography was performed in 20 patients. In all cases, the graft was patent. In 17 cases, there was a patent graft with no evidence of anastomotic stenosis. An occlusion of the distal segment of the LAD with a retrograde perfusion of the proximal segment and septal branches by the LIMA was found in one case. This patient was symptom-free and the stress test was negative. An anastomotic stenosis was noted in two patients and was treated by angioplasty (n = 1) or conventional surgery (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the efficiency of this minimally invasive approach should be prospectively compared with similar revascularisation with PTCA or surgical approaches using sternotomy with or without CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France. natafpat@worldnet.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nataf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benarim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jault
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavie
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gandjbakhch
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording