title: Assessing the impact of patient characteristics and process performance on rural intensive care unit hospital mortality rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between patient characteristics, processes of care, and risk of hospital mortality in rural intensive care units (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data analysis of ICU patients admitted to 19 rural Iowa hospitals between 1992 and 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICUs in rural Iowa hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICU patients treated on mechanical ventilators meeting eligibility criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age (odds ratio = 1.03, p < .01), a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (odds ratio = 1.06, p < .01), and a longer pre-ICU length of stay (odds ratio = 1.14, p < .05) were associated with a higher risk of death. Seven processes of care were examined (i.e., laboratory work, nursing assessment, stress ulcer protection, immobilization protection, nutritional management, ventilator management, and weaning). Considerable variation was observed between hospitals in performance of processes of care. Controlling for patient characteristics, better performance in ulcer protection (odds ratio = 0.1, p < .05) and ventilator management (odds ratio = 0.03, p < .05) were related to lower risk of mortality. A model incorporating both patient characteristics and processes of care achieved higher predictive accuracy than a model containing only patient characteristics (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.80 vs. 0.70, p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the variation in mortality was explained by differences in patient physiologic and demographic characteristics at ICU admission. After adjusting for patient characteristics, better performance in some processes of care would have significant impact on reducing risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fieselmann
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hendryx
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fielselmann
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006780:Hospitals, Rural; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007484:Iowa; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies