title: The bionic glove: an electrical stimulator garment that provides controlled grasp and hand opening in quadriplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes the operation of the Bionic Glove, a new functional electrical stimulation (FES) device designed to improve the function of the paralyzed hand after spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Signals from a sensor in the glove detecting voluntary wrist movement are used to control FES of muscles either to produce hand-grasp or to open the hand. When the glove is donned, conductive areas on its inside surface automatically make contact with self-adhesive electrodes on the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report concerns nine people with SCI who have used the device in their daily lives for up to a year or more. Measurements were made at clinics in Edmonton, Miami, and Chicago as part of a multicenter clinical trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean peak force of tenodesis grasp in the nine subjects increased from 2.6N (passive) to 11.3N (glove active). Active force was significantly greater than passive grasp force even when muscles were fatigued after repetitive grasp-release cycles. Most manual tasks improved significantly with the use of the glove, as judged by the number of tasks completed in a minute or the subjects' qualitative ratings of task difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bionic Glove can provide significant improvement of hand function in people with C6-C7 SCI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prochazka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wieler
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kenwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001701:Bionics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*