title: Evaluation of the population distribution of dietary contaminant exposure in an Arctic population using Monte Carlo statistics.
abstract: Organochlorines and heavy metals have bioaccumulated in Arctic wildlife, which is an important food source for the Inuit. In this study, we have developed a statistical model to describe the population distribution of contaminant exposure and the usual intake of the high-end contaminant consumers. Monte Carlo methods are used to account for variations due to seasonal dietary pattern and contaminant concentrations. Distribution of the dietary intake of the contaminants of most concern-mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordane, and toxaphenes-are described. Over 50% of the residents had dietary exposure levels exceeding the tolerable daily intake or provisional tolerable daily intake for Hg, toxaphene, and chlordane (83, 91, and 71% for men and 73, 85, and 56% for women, respectively). The high-end consumers (i.e. the 95th centile) have intake levels 6 times higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake of Hg, and over 20 times the tolerable daily intake of chlordane and toxaphene. Assessment of health risks of the relative high contaminant exposure in this community must also consider the nutritional, economical, cultural, and social importance of these traditional foods. A comprehensive risk management scheme has yet to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Receveur
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Kuhnlein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001110:Arctic Regions; D002706:Chlordan / Q000032:analysis; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014112:Toxaphene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D002706:Chlordan; D014112:Toxaphene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D008628:Mercury