title: Liver iron influences the response to interferon alpha therapy in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define whether there is any relation between the iron status of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic liver disease and their response to interferon therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the long-term response to 1 year of interferon therapy with addition of phlebotomies after 3 months of treatment if at that time alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had not normalized in a group of patients with HCV-positive chronic liver disease whose iron status had been characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A northern Italian hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight anti-HCV-positive patients (four HCV-RNA negative) with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis and no evidence of iron overload as indicated by normal transferrin saturation at the time of enrollment in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three times a week intramuscular injection of alpha interferon 3 MU for 1 year with addition of phlebotomies (350 ml/week) till iron depletion if after 3 months of interferon therapy ALT had not normalized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A long-term response was observed in 19 of the 52 patients who completed the treatment, four HCV-RNA negative and 15 positive. The four RNA-negative and seven of the 15 RNA-positive long-term responders had been treated with interferon alone, and the other eight also with phlebotomies. At univariate analysis only HCV genotype, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and liver iron concentration were significantly associated with response whereas sinusoidal iron deposition was of borderline significance. No association was found with sex, age, duration of disease, histology, Knodell score, transferrin saturation %, serum ferritin, hepatocytic iron score, and portal iron score. HCV-RNA serum levels, measured in 29 patients, did not correlate with response. At multivariate analysis liver iron concentration was still significant and one unit reduction of liver iron concentration (natural logarithm transformed) was associated with 2.95 odds ratio of response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that iron in the liver is more closely related to response to interferon than the other variables considered, including HCV characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine and Medical Physiopathology, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fargion
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fracanzani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampietro
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Molteni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boldorini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lunghi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piperno
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valsecchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiorelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014168:Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase