title: Acute knee trauma: how many plain film views are necessary for the initial examination?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views of the knee are equivalent to four views in acute fracture detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively interpreted the plain film knee examinations of each patient, establishing ground truth for the presence or absence of a fracture. Cases were presented to four masked senior radiology residents twice--once as a two-view study and again as a four-view study--with 4 weeks separating the two reading sessions to minimize recall bias. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance were calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two patients presenting to the emergency department with acute knee trauma were evaluated with at least a four-view plain film examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean sensitivity for fracture detection using four views (85%) was significantly higher than that using two views (79%). Mean specificity and receiver operating characteristic curve areas were not significantly different using two or four views. Four views are more sensitive than AP and lateral views alone in detection of acute knee fracture.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dussault
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chrisman
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Futterer
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McGraw
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Keats
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hillman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010329:Patella / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D011859:Radiography; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging