title: Total anorectal reconstruction with a double dynamic graciloplasty after abdominoperineal reconstruction for low rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Total anorectal reconstruction with a double dynamic graciloplasty was performed after abdominoperineal reconstruction (APR) for low rectal cancer. In four patients an additional pouch was constructed to improve neorectal motility and capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results in the first 20 patients and to report on the preliminary results of patients with an additional pouch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with a mean age of 52 (range, 25-71) years and a rectal tumor at a mean of 3 (range, 0-5) cm from the anal verge were treated. In 14 patients the Miles resection, colon pull-through, and construction of a neosphincter were performed in one session. Six patients had the double graciloplasty at an average of 4.1 (range, 1.1-8.8) years after APR. In four patients a pouch was constructed with an isolated segment of distal ileum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 24 (range, 1-60) months after APR, none of the patients developed local recurrence, whereas four patients developed distant metastasis. Fifteen of 20 patients were available for evaluation, and 5 patients were still in training. Of these 15 patients, 8 patients were continent (53 percent), 2 patients were incontinent, and in 5 patients the perineal stoma was converted to an abdominal stoma. Failures were attributable to necrosis of the colon stump (n = 2) and incontinence (n = 3). At 26 weeks mean resting pressure was 44 (standard deviation (SD), 28) mmHg, and mean pressure during stimulation was 90 (SD, 46) mmHg at a mean of 3.5 (SD, 1.2) volts at 52 weeks. Mean defecation frequency was three times per day (range, 1-5). Of the eight patients who were continent, six used daily enemas. Mean time to postpone defecation was 11 (range, 0-30) minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In experienced hands, the double dynamic graciloplasty is an oncologically safe procedure that can have an acceptable functional outcome in a well-selected group of patients. However, to improve the outcome, further modifications will be necessary. So far, the addition of a pouch has not resulted in improved outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Geerdes
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Zoetmulder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heineman
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rongen
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D016737:Proctocolectomy, Restorative; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome