title: Induction of interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones by HIV promotes viral replication and links human chromosome 2 to AIDS pathogenesis: genetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus may regulate its replication by stimulating the synthesis of interleukin-1. Interleukin-1, in turn, has the ability to stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer region. The human genes responsible for interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist synthesis are located on the long arm of chromosome 2. Coincidentally, the trans-activation responsive ribonucleic acid element in the R region of the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus-1 has been found to interact directly with a factor present on the long arm of chromosome 2 to facilitate transactivation by the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein. The human CD26 gene is also located on the long arm of chromosome 2. CD26 is a lymphocyte cell surface antigen that is stimulated by interleukin-1 and serves with CD4 as a coreceptor that interacts with the V3 loop in gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus. The human immunodeficiency virus-induced interleukin-1 excess, thus, serves human immunodeficiency virus by enhancing replication, and by increasing human immunodeficiency virus infectivity via activation of CD26. IL-1 also adversely affects acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Several genetic treatments for human immunodeficiency virus infection are proposed.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Corley
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000209:etiology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4