title: [Interventional radiologic procedures in postoperative complications after liver transplantation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative complications contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of liver transplant patients. The management of these complications requires a multidisciplinary approach in which interventional radiology plays an integral role. Indications, techniques, and results of radiological interventions in the management of the liver transplant patient are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 10-year period, 52 out of 420 liver transplant recipients underwent radiological interventions, including angioplasty (n = 20), embolization (n = 2), percutaneous drainage (n = 11), and biliary interventions (n = 19).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine out of ten arterial stenoses located at the anastomoses (n = 8), within the liver (n = 1) and in the coeliac trunk (n = 1) were successfully treated by balloon dilatation. Angioplasty of supra- or infrahepatic anastomotic stenoses of the i.c.v. (n = 5) provided long-term success only in combination with stent implantation. Portal vein stenoses and chronic thrombosis were treated by balloon dilatation and stent insertion via transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein. Late strictures of bile-duct anastomoses can be managed by ante- or retrograde interventions. If biliary complications are related to inflammatory or septic problems, the prognosis of graft survival is poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional radiological procedures are very useful in the management of vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation. These techniques provide a cure in many situations, and thus, surgical interventions may be avoided in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stäbler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunzfeld
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zülke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anthuber
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Krämling
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000295:instrumentation