title: Evidence for a dystrophin missense mutation as a cause of X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XLCM) has previously been shown to be due to mutations in the dystrophin gene, which is located at Xp21. Mutations in the 5' portion of the gene, including the muscle promoter, exon 1, and the exon 1-intron 1 splice site, have been reported previously. The purpose of this study was to analyze the originally described family with XLCM (and other) for dystrophin mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genomic DNA, and reverse-transcriptase PCR amplified cDNA from RNA obtained from heart and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Primers to the muscle promoter, brain promoter, and Purkinje cell promoter were designed, in addition to the exon 1 to exon 14 regions of dystrophin. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used for mutation detection, and DNA sequencing defined the mutation. Protein modeling was used for amino acid and secondary structure analysis. A missense mutation in exon 9 at nucleotide 1043 was identified that causes an alanine to be substituted for threonine, a highly conserved amino acid, at position 279 (T279A). This mutation results in a change in polarity in the evolutionarily conserved first hinge region (H1) of the protein and substitution of a beta-sheet for alpha-helix in this portion of the protein, destabilizing the protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel missense mutation in exon 9 of dystrophin causing an abnormality at H1 leads to the cardiospecific phenotype of XLCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. 77030, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Lopez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goytia
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Towbin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000235:genetics*; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin