title: Effects of dietary fat modification on fibrinogen, factor VII, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.
abstract: Our aim was to assess the impact of a monounsaturated fat-enriched (Mono) diet and a diet recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) on plasma levels of fibrinogen and activities of factor VII (FVII:C) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and the impact of genetic polymorphisms of these variables (HaeIII, MspI, and 4G/5G polymorphisms, respectively) in 28 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance ([IGT] 17 men and 11 women; mean age, 55.6 +/- 5.5 years). A diet rich in fat and saturated fatty acids served as a baseline diet for 3 weeks. Thereafter, subjects were randomized for the next 8 weeks to either the Mono diet (n = 12) or NCEP diet (n = 18). Fibrinogen levels or PAI-1 activities did not change with either of the diets, but fibrinogen levels were higher (3.4 +/- 0.5 v 4.0 +/- 0.6 g/L, P = .007 at baseline) throughout the study in heterozygous subjects with respect to HaeIII polymorphism. This polymorphism and age accounted for 38% of the variation of fibrinogen levels. MspI polymorphism together with body mass index explained 51% of the variation of FVII:C, which was higher in subjects with the M1M1 genotype compared with M1M2/M2M2 genotypes (127% +/- 21% v 90% +/- 12%, P < .001). FVII:C showed a decrease with the NCEP diet (P < .05), but the decline was confined to M1M1 subjects. PAI-1 activity did not differ significantly between the genotypes. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) obtained by the minimal model method was the main explanatory variable of PAI-1 activity. To conclude, despite good compliance, the fat-modified diet did not alter plasma levels of fibrinogen or PAI-1 in white subjects with IGT. FVII:C levels decreased with the NCEP diet, but this was confined to subjects with the M1M1 genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sarkkinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krusius
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005167:Factor VII / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D005167:Factor VII; D005340:Fibrinogen; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C024403:GGCC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases