title: Plasma bupivacaine levels after fascia iliaca compartment block with and without adrenaline.
abstract: Twenty children undergoing unilateral surgery on the thigh received a fascia iliaca compartment block using 2 mg.kg-1 of bupivacaine with (Group A) or without (Group P) adrenaline 1/200,000. Venous blood samples were taken as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after injection and assayed for concentrations of bupivacaine. In all subjects an adequate block was produced. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in Group P were significantly higher than those in Group A (P < 0.05). The median maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1.1 micrograms.ml-1 (range 0.54-1.29 micrograms.ml-1) in Group P and 0.35 microgram.ml-1 (range 0.17-0.96 microgram.ml-1) in Group A. The median time taken to attain Cmax (Tmax) was 20 min (range 10-25 min) in Group P and 45 min (range 5-50 min) in Group A. The median time to first analgesia was 9.75 h (range 3-15 h) in Group P and 10.5 h (range 2.5-21 h) in Group A. The study confirmed the efficacy of the fascia iliaca compartment block in children and showed that when performed with 2 mg.kg-1 of bupivacaine it is associated with plasma concentrations of bupivacaine well within acceptable limits. The addition of adrenaline 1/200,000 to the local anaesthetic solution reduces the maximum plasma concentration reached.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: McNicol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005205:Fascia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D013848:Thigh / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine