title: Use of cytokines in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: Placebo-controlled and/or historically controlled trials have shown that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhance neutrophil recovery rates and occasionally reduce the rate and duration of infection. Some data appear to support an advantage with GM-CSF in reducing the incidence of fungal infections. Immunomodulation with cytokines such as interferon or interleukin-2 may prove to be of benefit in the management of acute leukemia when used in combination or sequence with chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: PRN Research, Inc., Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemunaitis
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010919:Placebos; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010919:Placebos; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor