title: [Comparison of different MRT techniques in the diagnosis of degenerative cartilage diseases. In vitro study of 50 joint specimens of the knee at T1.5].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An experimental study was performed on joint specimens of the knee to assess the advantages and disadvantages of 14 generally available sequences in cartilage imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of the 50 surgically exposed cadaveric joints of the knee was examined by the following sequences: T1, proton- and T2 weighted spin echo(SE) sequences, proton- and T2 weighted Turbo-SE, T1 weighted SE with fat suppression, MTC combined with T1-weighted SE and T2 weighted FLASH-2 D, STIR, FISP-3 D, FLASH-3 D (with fat suppression), and MR arthrography. We assessed the image quality by a scale, signal to noise-ratio of cartilage and joint fluid, and the accuracy in detection of cartilage lesions. Pathology and arthroscopy were reference methods to MRI, and demonstrated grade 1-4 lesions on 186 of 300 joint facettes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advanced stages of cartilage lesions (65 grade 3 and 4 lesions) were detected by standard SE sequences in 67-94%. Application of volume techniques (FISP-3 D, FLASH-3 D), high definition matrix (512 pixel), MTC with FLASH-2 D and MR-arthrography improved the sensitivity up to 82-100%. Superficial lesions (65 grade 2 lesions) were demonstrated in 3-38%, and on MR arthrography in 45%. Structural changes (56 Grade 1 lesions) were recorded on MR) in only 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With regard to standard SE sequences, the detectability of cartilage lesions can be improved by techniques that use 512 matrices, selective cartilage imaging, and volume acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Diagnostische Radiologie, Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jürgensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rominger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheiter
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Rau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002102:Cadaver; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male