title: Management of microcalcifications that develop at the lumpectomy site after breast-conserving therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design a decision tree according to time from irradiation and site, morphology, and number of microcalcifications for the rational treatment of patients with microcalcifications at the lumpectomy site after breast-conserving therapy (BCT), to minimize performance of biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a database of 504 women selected to receive BCT, those developing probably benign microcalcifications within 3 years of BCT received close follow-up with mammography. Patients developing fewer than four probably benign microcalcifications more than 3 years after treatment were offered mammography or biopsy. If microcalcifications appeared malignant or patients developed four or more microcalcifications after 3 years, biopsy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients (29 breasts [5.7%]) developed microcalcifications confined to the lumpectomy site. Fifteen patients (15 breasts) developed microcalcifications within 3 years of BCT and were followed up with mammography. Thirteen patients (14 breasts) developed microcalcifications confined to the lumpectomy site after more than 3 years. Among the latter group, microcalcifications appeared malignant in four breasts, and biopsy specimens revealed three recurrences. The remaining 10 breasts were followed up with mammography. No patient undergoing mammographic follow-up without biopsy has had clinical evidence of local failure throughout the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follow-up mammography is an option when benign-appearing microcalcifications develop at the lumpectomy site depending on time of appearance and number; it is the primary recommendation when these microcalcifications develop within 3 years after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wazer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Homer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001706:Biopsy; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D008327:Mammography; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy