Hematologic and systemic toxicoses associated with carboplatin administration in cats.
OBJECTIVE
To determine prevalence and severity of carboplatin-induced dose-limiting toxicoses in the cat.


METHODS
9 healthy, 6- to 7-month-old cats weighing 4.7 (range, 3.0 to 6.5) kg.


METHODS
Cats were given a single i.v. bolus of carboplatin at a dosage of 150 (n = 3), 200 (n = 3), or 250 (n = 3) mg/m2 of body surface area.


RESULTS
Dose-limiting neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were significant in all cats given carboplatin at 200 or 250 mg/m2. Weight loss, changes in appetite, and evidence of respiratory difficulty, as well as vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy were not observed at any time during the 28-day period. At a highest dosage (250 mg/m2), the neutrophil nadir (560 +/- 303 neutrophils/microliters) was observed on day 17 and the platelet count nadir (96,500 +/- 11,815 platelets/microliters) was observed on day 14 after carboplatin administration.


CONCLUSIONS
Carboplatin appears to be safe and clinically well-tolerated when given i.v. as a single bolus at a dosage of 200 mg/m2 to clinically normal cats. The dose-limiting toxicity of a single i.v. administered bolus is neutropenia. The nadir of a 200 mg/m2 i.v. administered dose occurs on day 17 (1,110 +/- 165 neutrophils/microliters) and neutropenia (< 2,000 neutrophils/microliters) lasts from day 14 through day 25 after carboplatin administration.


CONCLUSIONS
The fatal dose-related pulmonary toxicosis observed in cisplatin-treated cats was inapparent in carboplatin-treated cats. To adequately determine the therapeutic role of carboplatin in tumor-bearing cats, a moderately tolerated dose of carboplatin of 200 mg/m2 given i.v. once every 4 weeks should be considered.
Hahn
K A
KA
Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA.
McEntee
M F
MF
Daniel
G B
GB
Legendre
A M
AM
Nolan
M L
ML
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002415:Cats; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin