title: Risk factors for Raynaud's phenomenon among workers in poultry slaughterhouses and canning factories.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apart from the use of vibrating tools, little is known about risk factors for Raynaud's phenomenon. However, it has been hypothesized that this disorder may have a multifactorial aetiology, involving potential causal or triggering factors which can be found in the workplace. The objective of the study is to identify individual and occupational risk factors of Raynaud's phenomenon in a population of workers not exposed to vibration, but exposed to cold.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was carried out in 1987-1988 in 17 poultry slaughterhouses and six canning factories and included 1474 employees. Data were collected at the annual visit to the occupational health physician. Finger sensitivity to cold and Raynaud's phenomenon were identified from a list of symptoms occurring from exposure to cold. The role of potential risk factors was assessed using multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high prevalence of symptoms of finger sensitivity to cold was observed. Raynaud's phenomenon was more common in women than in men, was related to family history of the disease but not to smoking or alcohol consumption. After controlling for non-occupational factors, the following working conditions appeared as risk factors for Raynaud's phenomenon: use of plastic gloves, less than four rest breaks, breaks in an unheated place, continual repetition of the same series of operations, exertion of the arm or hand and being able to think of something else while working.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that a number of working conditions were associated with an increased risk of Raynaud's phenomenon and finger sensitivity to cold. Changes in working conditions might reduce the risk of this disorder in the food processing industry.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 149, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourgine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touranchet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008462:Meat-Packing Industry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution