title: Diabetes intervention in the information age.
abstract: Sustained improvement in blood glucose control is the only treatment outcome which will reduce or eliminate the long term complications of diabetes mellitus. We have designed and evaluated an electronic information system which facilitates this task. The system is voice-interactive, physician directed and affords, to remote patients, 24 h access via touch-tone telephone. Accordingly, patients access the system each day to report self-measured blood glucose levels or hypoglycaemic symptoms together with dietary changes, planned exercise, stress, illness or other lifestyle events. In turn they receive immediate advice with respect to medication dosing changes, and other pertinent feedback. Preliminary system beta-testing for safety and efficacy was performed for one year in an open study of 204 patients derived from two independent, health-care environments. Among the two testing centres, over 60,000 telephone cells were received by the computer systems during the start-up year. Safety and efficacy expectations were met. In addition, prevalence of diabetes related crises (hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia) fell approximately 3-fold. Glycated haemoglobin fell significantly (1.0-1.3%) in patients actively using the system. In control groups of patients not actively using the system, there were no improvements in metabolic control while body weights were stable in all groups. The new system was safe and effective in our hands and empowered our health professionals to provide improved diabetes care.
authors.affiliation: Geisinger System, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Albisser
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakkal
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Parson
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003200:Computer User Training; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014584:User-Computer Interface