title: Post-menopausal and chronological age have divergent effects on pituitary and hypothalamic function in episodic gonadotrophin secretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ageing is known to reduce gonadotrophin secretion in post-menopausal women. To what extent the hypothalamus and pituitary are involved in this process is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare pulse characteristics of FSH and LH in relation to chronological and post-menopausal age. Base on the gonadotrophin to GnRH, we assessed the extent to which pituitary and/or hypothalamic ageing is responsible for the observed changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were obtained from post-menopausal women every 10 minutes for 6 hours. Subsequently, 100 micrograms GnRH was administered intravenously and blood samples taken after 30, 60 and 90 minutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy women aged 47-72 years and between 1 and 30 years after the menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma LH and FSH were measured by immunoradiometric assay. Pulses were identified by a computerized pulse detection program. End points were the mean number and amplitude of pulses, the mean LH and FSH concentrations during the 6-hour study period and the maximal LH and FSH increments following GnRH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean LH and FSH levels did not change with chronological age but the LH pulse frequency declined significantly and the response to GnRH increased. Mean LH levels declined with post-menopausal age without alteration in LH pulse frequency but with a significant decrease in pituitary LH response to GnRH. FSH levels remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-menopausal ageing seems to have a major suppressive effect on pituitary gonadotroph function, while chronological ageing mainly affects the hypothalamic regulation of LH secretion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lambalk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schoute
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Popp-Snyders
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone