title: MR imaging of supra-acetabular insufficiency fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnosis of insufficiency fractures in the pelvis is difficult, especially in patients with prior malignancy, irradiation, steroid therapy or osteoporosis. This report shows the MR imaging appearance of supra-acetabular insufficiency fractures and how they can be differentiated from metastatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (four men, eight women, average age 72.8 years) at risk for pelvic insufficiency fractures and who had pelvic or hip pain were studied with MR imaging. Indications were possible recurrent tumor or previous radiation to the pelvis (7 patients); osteoporosis from steroid use in rheumatoid arthritis (two patients); to exclude osteonecrosis of the hip (two patients); or to rule out a hip fracture (one patient).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A characteristic linear region of low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences was found in the supra-acetabular region paralleling the superior acetabulum in a curvilinear are in 92% (11/12) of cases, and oblique in origin in 8% (1/11). Diffuse bands of high signal on T2-weighted images indicated surrounding edema. In two cases, MR findings obviated biopsy. One patient underwent a biopsy prior to the imaging studies being reviewed. All patients were treated conservatively and did well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attention to insufficiency fractures has previously focused on characteristic locations in the sacrum and pubic bones. Supra-acetabular insufficiency fractures also occur and are difficult to diagnose without a high degree of suspicion. MR imaging is a useful tool for diagnosing supra-acetabular insufficiency fractures. The characteristic MR imaging appearance of these fractures can preclude additional diagnostic studies and therapy in most instances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Otte
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Fritz
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged