title: The anatomic origin of the posterior cruciate ligament: where is it? Reference landmarks for PCL reconstruction.
abstract: There is a lack of defined reference points for reproducible femoral tunnel placement during posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. The PCL, consisting of two major bands, anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM), has a femoral origin that spans 3 cm, which cannot be covered by a substitute graft positioned in one femoral tunnel to reconstruct the PCL. The purpose of this study was to define the location of the anatomic origin of both bands of the PCL in reference to local anatomy to develop landmarks that can be used to reproducibly position two femoral tunnels (one to each band's origin) during PCL reconstruction. The anatomy of the PCL origin was dissected and studied in 20 knees at the time of total knee replacement. The central origin point for each band was marked, and its distance was measured in reference to three axes. The AL band centrally originated 13 +/- 0.5 mm posterior to the medial articular cartilage-intercondylar wall interface and 13 +/- 0.5 mm inferior to the articular cartilage-intercondylar roof interface. The PM band centrally originated 8 +/- 0.5 mm posterior to the medial articular cartilage-intercondylar wall interface and 20 +/- 0.5 mm inferior to the articular cartilage-intercondylar roof interface. These distances were noted to be relatively constant despite varying knee morphologies and size. For this reason, referencing the articular cartilage-intercondylar roof, and wall interfaces may be used as a method to facilitate more reproducible anatomic femoral tunnel placements during PCL reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Delaware Orthopaedic Center, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Kalman
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Grawl
mesh_terms: D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery