title: Down's syndrome is strongly associated with coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence of an increased prevalence of coeliac disease in Down's syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association, patients with Down's syndrome and matched controls were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty nine patients with Down's syndrome residing in government institutions in the Hunter region of New South Wales were studied. Four were excluded (terminally ill = 1, uncooperative = 3). Each of 55 patients was matched for age, sex, and residence with a control patient. Patients with both positive IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies were considered for endoscopical duodenal biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty one patients and two controls had raised IgA and IgG antibodies (chi 2 = 19.4; p < 0.001). Tissue was obtained in 18 patients. Two had characteristic flat, five pronounced lymphocytic infiltration not diagnostic of coeliac disease, two giardiasis, and eight were normal. In one the tissue was not suitable for analysis. There were few differences between the subgroups in their anthropomorphic, biochemical, or haematological findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of coeliac disease in these 51 patients with Down's syndrome is at least two (3.9%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0%-9.2%) and could be as many as seven (13.7%; 95% CI 4.3%-23.2%). In this community the prevalence of coeliac disease in Down's syndrome is increased more than 100-fold (x135-473).
authors.affiliation: Hunter Region Developmental Disability Service, Stockton Centre, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wimalaratna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brotodiharjo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duggan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005903:Gliadin