title: Evidence that NO acts as a redundant NANC inhibitory neurotransmitter in the guinea-pig isolated taenia coli.
abstract: 1. The relative contribution of the putative transmitters, nitric oxide (NO) and an apamin-sensitive factor, possibly ATP, to inhibitory responses evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.2-5 Hz, 0.2 ms duration, supra-maximal voltage for 10 s) of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves was investigated in the guinea-pig isolated taenia coli contracted with histamine (1 microM). 2. Peak relaxations to EFS (0.2-5 Hz) were tetrodotoxin (1 microM)-sensitive, maximal at 0.2 Hz and completely resistant to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 100 microM) in either the presence or absence of atropine (1 microM). Furthermore, the specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM), the cytochrome P450 inhibitor and free radical generator, 7-ethoxyresorufin (7-ER; 10 microM) and the NO scavenger, oxyhaemoglobin (HbO; 30 microM) had no effect on EFS-induced relaxations alone and in combination with L-NOARG (100 microM). 3. Maximum relaxation to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1 microM) was significantly reduced by HbO (30 microM), abolished by 7-ER (10 microM) and ODQ (10 microM) but was unaffected by apamin (0.1 microM), an inhibitor of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. 4. The relaxation to EFS at 0.2 Hz was resistant to apamin but those to 0.5 and 5 Hz were significantly reduced. EFS (0.2-5 Hz)-evoked relaxations that persisted in the presence of apamin were further significantly inhibited by L-NOARG (100 microM) or ODQ (10 microM), but not by HbO (30 microM) or 7-ER (10 microM). 5. ATP (1-30 microM) produced concentration-dependent relaxations that were abolished by apamin (0.1 microM), unaffected by ODQ (10 microM) but only significantly reduced by L-NOARG (100 microM) at the lowest concentration of ATP (1 microM) used. 6. Nifedipine (0.3 microM), abolished contractions to 67 mM KCl, histamine (10 microM), endothelin-1 (0.03 microM), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10 microM) and the thromboxane-mimetic, 9-11-dideoxy-9 alpha, 11 alpha-methano-epoxy-prostaglandin F2 alpha (U46619; 0.1 microM). 7. The findings of the present study suggest that NO is released during NANC nerve stimulation, but plays no role in NANC relaxations in the guinea-pig taenia coli unless the effects of another apamin-sensitive, nerve-derived hyperpolarizing factor (NDHF) are blocked. Thus, we propose that in this tissue, NO acts as a 'backup' or redundant NANC nerve inhibitory transmitter and like NDHF mediates relaxation via hyperpolarization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selemidis
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Satchell
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cocks
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D011810:Quinoxalines; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019335:Nitroarginine; D001030:Apamin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D009543:Nifedipine