title: Pathologic intrathyroidal parathyroid glands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parathyroid glands originate from the third and fourth branchial pouches and migrate caudally to their final positions. Aberrations during migration result in anomalous locations. Intrathyroidal location is not common.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed cervical explorations performed from 1974 to 1993 in hyperparathyroidism patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found pathological intrathyroidal glands in six patients. Three patients had adenomas (left superior, left inferior and right inferior glands). The hyperplastic glands were left inferior in one patient and right inferior in the remaining two. Intraoperative diagnosis was made in three cases in which palpation of the thyroid gland showed a nodule that was suspected to be the parathyroid missing gland. In three patients it was a finding in thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy specimens, two of them with associated thyroid nodular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ipsilateral thyroidotomy on the side of a palpable thyroid mass or blind hemithyroidectomy are justified if a presumably pathological intrathyroidal gland is suspected, when all other sites in the neck have been excluded.
authors.affiliation: General and Digestive Surgery Department Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Cruz Vigo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cruz Leiva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menéndez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuste
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002828:Choristoma / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000601:surgery; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*