title: Signal transduction pathways activated by ciliary neurotrophic factor and related cytokines.
abstract: Neuropoietic cytokines such as ciliary neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, and interleukin-6 are known to be responsible for a wide variety of effects on cells of the immune and nervous systems. The mechanisms by which such diverse effects are regulated and coordinated within cells is of central importance to the understanding of how these molecules function during development. This review discusses the receptor complexes through which neuropoietic cytokines signal and the mechanisms by which activation of specific enzymes such as the Jak family of kinases are transduced into changes of gene expression through molecules such as the Stat proteins. This review also discusses how this JAK-Stat signaling pathway is thought to interact with other known cascades, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020801:Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D020801:Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases