title: Individual patient cohort analysis of the efficacy of hypertonic saline/dextran in patients with traumatic brain injury and hypotension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resuscitation with hypertonic saline/dextran (HSD) has been suggested to be efficacious in patients who have traumatic brain injury and are hypotensive. We undertook a cohort analysis of individual patient data from previous prospective randomized double-blinded trials to evaluate improvements in survival at 24 hours and discharge after initial treatment with HSD in patients who had traumatic brain injury (head region Abbreviated Injury Score > or = 4) and hypotension (systolic blood pressure < or = 90 mm Hg).
  
  
  METHODS
  All variables and end points were defined before initiation of data handling. Investigators were blind as to the treatment. Case report forms were received from six studies. Of these, 223 patients met the inclusion for traumatic brain injury. Comparisons between HSD and standard of care were made using stratified analysis and logistic regression to assess efficacy, confounding, and interaction. Potential confounding variables of pre-fluid treatment, Glasgow Coma Scale score (3-8 vs. 9-15), injury type, and systolic blood pressure can be considered a priori factors that were known before randomization. Effects of the various trials was also considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with HSD resulted in a survival until discharge of 37.9% (39 of 103) compared with 26.9% (32 of 119) with standard of care (p = 0.080). Using logistic regression, adjusting for trial and potential confounding variables, the treatment effect can be summarized by the odds ratio of 2.12 (p = 0.048) for survival until discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who have traumatic brain injuries in the presence of hypotension and receive HSD are about twice as likely to survive as those who receive standard of care.
authors.affiliation: Medisan Pharmaceuticals Inc., Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gehlsen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Holcroft
mesh_terms: D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic