title: Peptide mimicry of carbohydrate epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Cancer-related, mucin-type carbohydrate epitopes, principally mannose and sialo-syl residues, are expressed on the envelope protein gp 160 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Anticarbohydrate antibodies directed toward these and other carbohydrate epitopes are known to neutralize HIV-1 infection by cell-free virus. Carbohydrates, however, being T cell-independent antigens, typically elicit diminished immune responses. To overcome this potential draw back, we have examined the ability of peptides that mimic such epitopes to elicit immune responses that cross-react with carbohydrate structures. We report that mouse polyclonal antisera generated against peptides that mimic mucin-related carbohydrate epitopes have anti-HIV-1 activity. Generation of antibodies was not lr-gene restricted, as at least two different strains of mice. Balb/c (H-2d) and C57Bl/6 (H-2b), responded equally to the peptides. The antipeptide sera displayed neutralizing activity against HIV-I/MN and HIV-I/3B viral strains. This neutralization was as good as human anti-HIV sera. These results indicate that peptide mimics of carbohydrates provide a novel strategy for the further development of reagents that elicit immune responses to carbohydrate epitopes associated with many infectious organisms and tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6082, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agadjanyan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Westerink
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hutchins
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Steplewski
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kieber-Emmons
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D000939:Epitopes; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D009842:Oligopeptides