title: Estimating progression of visual field loss in glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors estimated the prevalence and rates of progressive visual field loss in glaucoma patients followed annually for a median of 6.3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear regression was used to estimate rates of progression of mean deviation, corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), clusters of locations based on the Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT), and location specific changes in C-30-2 fields of the Humphrey Analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven eyes of 56 patients whose first two consecutive fields were abnormal on GHT were included. Almost all patients were under treatment or had undergone surgery for glaucoma. Visual field deteriorated in 19 (28%) eyes based on worsening of one or more CPSD, GHT clusters, or individual test locations (regression slopes significantly different from zero). Corrected pattern standard deviation deteriorated in 5 eyes, at least one GHT cluster deteriorated in 17 eyes, and one or more individual test locations deteriorated in 15 eyes. For those whose visual field deteriorated, CPSD increased by 0.9 dB/year. Glaucoma Hemifield Test clusters declined by between 1.4 and 2.4 dB/year. Deterioration at individual locations ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 dB/year. Age, but not baseline visual field severity, was predictive of further visual field loss. The odds ratio for the association between progressive visual field loss and thinning of the nerve fiber layer was 1.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.52, 6.33), and 3.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 18.16) for the association between progressive visual field loss and optic disc changes during follow-up based on masked photograph readings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than one in three eyes of patients with glaucoma had any progressive field loss. Average changes in threshold sensitivities of less than 1 dB/year could not be detected with seven fields done over 6 years. Larger changes or increased frequency of visual field testing would need to occur before smaller changes could be detected statistically.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2103, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Quigley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields