title: Direct blotting electrophoresis for sequencing and genotyping hepatitis C virus.
abstract: Many methods have been used to differentiate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes based on, for example, type specific primers, probes and restriction fragment length polymorphism. However, determination of the nucleotide sequence remains the reference. Therefore, a simple non-radioactive cycle sequencing technique was developed for clinical tests. PCR-amplified products of the 5' non-coding region (from position -274 to -31) were sequenced using a 5' digoxygenin-labeled primer. After denaturation, the samples were loaded on a direct blotting electrophoresis system (GATC 1500). Sequencing products were blotted onto a nylon membrane during the electrophoresis. The DNA fragments were then UV-cross-linked, incubated with phosphatase-labeled anti-digoxygenin antibody and stained with a precipitating substrate. Reading the sequence of six samples were possible within 2 days. In 41 different samples, five different genotypes were found by sequence analysis from position -245 to -69, of which 17 were type 1a, 7 type 1b, 5 type 2a, 8 type 3a, 3 type 4 and 1 type 5. These results agreed with those obtained by reverse hybridization assay. Direct blotting electrophoresis offered a good non-radioactive method of performing clinical sequencing on a medium scale, with a minimum of investment.
authors.affiliation: Virology Laboratory, CHU-Hôpital Sud, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castelain
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khorsi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zawadzki
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sueur
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Capron
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eb
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duverlie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004076:Digoxigenin; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004076:Digoxigenin