title: Hypofractionated radiotherapy for invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The policy of the Radiotherapy Department of St. Thomas' Hospital in London for patients with invasive bladder cancer, used to be treatment with hypofractionated radiotherapy. The advantages of this fractionation scheme included reduction of the number of treatment sessions and better use of limited resources. Our results after hypofractionation were compared to series with more conventional radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1975 and 1985, 123 patients with a T2-T3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated by a radical course of hypofractionated radiotherapy. Local control, survival and morbidity rates were analysed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actuarial local control rates at 5 and 10 years were 31 and 29%, respectively. The actuarial cancer-specific 5- and 10-year survival rates were 48 and 39%, respectively. Acute side effects were observed in 87% of patients. The actuarial overall and severe late complication rates at 5 years were 33 and 9%, respectively. The local control, survival and early side effect rates we found, were in the same range as those reported in literature. Late radiation side effects however, were more common after hypofractionated radiotherapy compared to conventional radiotherapy schedules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the potential advantage of a reduced number of treatment sessions may be lost in the long term, because of the higher incidence of late morbidity after hypofractionated radiotherapy. Hypofractionation however, remains a valuable technique for palliation and deserves further investigation for radical treatment where access to equipment is difficult or resources are limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Leer
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wondergem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Timothy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*