title: Post-cranioplasty cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamic changes: magnetic resonance imaging quantitative analysis.
abstract: The syndrome of the trephined has been described in many patients with cranial defects as an indication for cranioplasty. Cerebral blood flow changes, the effect of the atmospheric pressure on the brain, as well as cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamic changes have been postulated as the possible reasons for this syndrome. Using dynamic phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging we measured arterial, venous, and cerebrospinal fluid flow into and out of the skull, before and after cranioplasty in one patient whose bone flap was removed because of osteomyelitis. We report significant changes in the oscillatory CSF flow after cranioplasty. A moderate increase in venous outflow as well as a two-fold increase in craniocaudal cerebrospinal fluid systolic flow velocity was measured after the skull closure. The changes in the cerebrospinal fluid oscillatory flow at the level of the craniovertebral junction could reflect changes in the compliance of the craniospinal system produced by closure of the cranial defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois Chicago 60612-7329, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dujovny
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alperin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mafee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001860:Bone Plates; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003399:Craniotomy; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism