title: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: To determine the feasibility and the effectiveness of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass without cardiopulmonary bypass (MICABG) in patients with left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease, we evaluated 90 consecutive patients who underwent MICABG at the University Hospital of Groningen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1995 and December 1996, 50 patients (mean age 60 +/- 10.3 years) with documented myocardial ischemia and isolated stenosis of the LAD were selected for MICABG. Patients with any associated cardiac disease or with acute or evolving myocardial infarction were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  A small left antero-lateral thoracotomy in the 5th intercostal space was made in all patients, anastomosing the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the LAD. A short-term (3 days) postoperative rehabilitation programme was used. Emotional stress (STAY-DY-1 score), wound pain (VAS: visual analogue score) and O2-saturation after a 6 min walking test were measured during hospitalisation and at the first follow-up examination (2.5 week after discharge).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time was 92 +/- 25 min (range 60-170). We recorded 1 (1.1%) in-hospital death and three cases (3.3%) of perioperative myocardial infarction. In two cases the MICABG was converted to the midline sternotomy. One patient underwent urgent reoperation on postoperative day 1 via midline sternotomy. Mean hospital stay was 4.4 +/- 2 days. Emotional stress was significantly reduced during and after hospitalisation, compared with the admission day. Wound pain was mild (3.5/10 VAS) on postoperative day 1 and reduced significantly during hospitalisation and at first follow-up examination. O2-saturation after a 6 min walking test had significantly improved at the first follow-up examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that MICABG is feasible and effective in patients with LAD stenosis and leads to a fast psycho-physical recovery.
authors.affiliation: Thorax Center-University Hospital Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Schans
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dusseljee
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Weert
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009017:Morbidity; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors