title: Sexual dysfunction in nonseminoma testicular cancer patients is related to chemotherapy-induced angiopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions after different treatment modalities for nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor (NSTGCT) and to investigate whether treatment-induced angiopathy and neuropathy is related to sexual dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire assessing sexual dysfunction was sent to 255 NSTGCT survivors. Polychemotherapy (PCT) regimens (cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin [PVB], vinblastine substituted by etoposide [BEP], or cisplatin substituted by carboplatin [CEB], etoposide combined with cisplatin [EP], or with ifosfamide and cisplatin [VIP] were compared regarding treatment-induced angiopathy and neuropathy. Sexual dysfunctions were related to Raynaud's phenomenon and acral paresthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 215 responders, 56 (26%) had been treated by orchidectomy and surveillance, 42 (19.6%) by PCT, and 117 (54.4%) by PCT and resection of residual retroperitoneal tumor mass (RRRTM). Overall, loss of libido was reported by 19.1%, decreased arousal by 11.2%, erectile dysfunction by 12.1%, decreased intensity of orgasm by 20%, and ejaculatory problems by 28%. Patients treated with PVB suffered more often from Raynaud's phenomenon compared with those treated with other regimens (40.4% v 29%; P < .05) and from paresthesia (31.6% v 14.7%; P < .05). Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon had more often erectile dysfunction (28.8%) compared with those without (8.4%) (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with orchidectomy alone, PCT, with or without RRRTM, induced more often posttreatment sexual dysfunction. Compared with other chemotherapeutic regimens, signs of angiopathy and neuropathy were most prevalent in those treated with PVB. Erectile dysfunction was related to the chemotherapy-induced Raynaud's phenomenon but not to acral paresthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Groningen University Hospital, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Basten
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: van Driel
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koops
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Droste
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jonker-Pool
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: van de Wiel
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sleijfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000150:complications; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology