title: RANTES inhibits HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages.
abstract: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 most often leads to the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which may manifest with opportunistic infections, many of which occur in the lung. Mononuclear phagocytes infected by HIV-1, being relatively resistant to its cytopathic effects, potentially act as a reservoir for the virus. The alveolar macrophage (AM), a differentiated lung tissue macrophage, is readily infected by HIV-1, after which the virus becomes relatively dormant. C-C chemokines, secreted by CD8 T lymphocytes and other cells, are known to suppress HIV replication in lymphocytes. In view of this observation, and the relative increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 disease, particularly in the lung, we hypothesized that C-C chemokines might play a key role in suppressing HIV-1 replication in AM. We examined the effect of the C-C chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) singly and in combination on HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and AM infected in vitro. Our findings indicate that RANTES suppresses HIV-1 replication, as measured by reverse transcriptase activity, in PBM (41.3 +/- 15.2% of control, n = 3, P < 0.05) and AM (30.3 +/- 7.8% of control, n = 3, P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. The other C-C chemokines had no significant effect singly (MIP-1 alpha PBM: 64.8 +/- 21.9%; AM: 115.0 +/- 2.4% of control; MIP-1 beta PBM: 68 +/- 19.6; AM: 63.3 +/- 26.2% of control) but modestly decreased HIV replication when incubated in addition to RANTES (24.5 +/- 6.5% of control). These observations suggest that RANTES plays a key role in modulating HIV-1 replication in mononuclear phagocytes in the blood and lung, and this may have therapeutic implications for prevention and/or treatment of HIV disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woffendin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Phare
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Strieter
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Markovitz
mesh_terms: D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000821:virology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5