title: Influence of undergradability of protein in the diet on intake, daily gain, feed efficiency, and body composition of Holstein heifers.
abstract: Thirty-two Holstein heifers with body weights (BW) between 213 and 231 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments for the 50-d trial. Treatments consisted of four percentages of rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) (31, 43, 50, and 55% of total N) at 100% of National Research Council recommendations for total digestible nutrients and crude protein. Total mixed diets composed of corn silage, ground barley straw, soybean meal, blood meal, urea, and minerals were formulated for a mean daily BW gain of 0.60 kg. Ration RUP percentage was varied by shifting protein sources. Mean dry matter intake (grams per kilogram of BW0.75) was 97.6, 84.4, 77.8, and 73.5 for 31% RUP (soybean meal), 43% RUP (blood and soybean meal), 50% RUP (blood meal with urea), and 55% RUP (blood meal) treatments, respectively. Daily gain was 0.84, 0.89, 0.91, and 0.96 kg/d, respectively. Intake of digestible energy (megacalories per kilogram of BW0.75 per day) was 0.28, 0.24, 0.22, and 0.21, respectively, and feed efficiency (megacalories of digestible energy per kilogram of BW gain) was 20.6, 16.1, 15.2, and 13.3, respectively. Dry matter intake (grams per kilogram of BW0.75), digestible energy intake, feed efficiency, daily BW gain, and hip height differed with respect to treatment. There were no differences in growth, wither height, or heart girth because of treatments. Changes in percentage of empty body fat as estimated by urea space procedures was 6.73, 4.67, 6.67, and 7.32, respectively, and did not differ with respect to treatments. These results indicate that increasing the RUP percentage in the diets of growing heifers improves feed efficiency and increases BW gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0315, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bethard
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McGilliard
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D012820:Silage; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins