title: Torsional testing of the Lightspeed nickel-titanium instrument system.
abstract: Revolutions to separation and maximum torque at failure of 216 Lightspeed instruments were determined in an instron using a clockwise rotation. After instruments failed, the distance the instrument separated from the tip was measured. Comparison of the results with existing ANSI/ADA specification no. 28 showed that the Lightspeed far exceeded the values of the specification for revolution to failure. On the other hand, torque to failure results showed that instrument sizes 20 and 25 exceeded the specification, whereas instrument sizes 30 through 50 were below the minimum values. Half-size instruments were not compared, because specifications for half-sizes do not exist. Comparison between mean torque values and instrument shaft diameters of the Lightspeed previously reported showed a near linear relationship up to and including instrument size 50, but overall torque to failure increased exponentially when related to shaft diameter (coefficient of determination = 0.9923). Lightspeed instruments separated 2.32 +/- 0.60 mm from the tip, generally within the land area or at the beginning of the shaft. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the Lightspeed instrument fracture site showed two distinct areas. There was a striated concentric area in the periphery of the fracture characteristic of a brittle or cleavage fracture and a corrugated area in the center of the fracture characteristic of a ductile fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7892, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Marsicovetere
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: del Rio
mesh_terms: D000571:American Dental Association; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium