title: Clinical characteristics of Japanese men with glucokinase gene beta-cell promoter variant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between a variant at the position of -30 of beta-cell-specific promoter of the glucokinase gene and glucose tolerance in the Japanese general population and to assess the clinical characteristics of subjects with the variant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The genotype of 657 Japanese men aged 51.0 +/- 8.8 years (mean +/- SD) was analyzed by an allele-specific assay using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variant allele frequency was 0.188 in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 0.211 in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 0.176 in diabetic subjects. In subjects with fasting plasma glucose levels <140 mg/dl, homozygous subjects for the promoter variant had significantly higher plasma glucose levels 60 min after oral glucose administration when compared with subjects without the variant allele. A cross-sectional analysis showed age-related elevation of basal glucose levels only in subjects without the promoter variant. Individuals heterozygous for the variant had significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol than normal subjects. HDL cholesterol values were lower in homozygous people than in normal and heterozygous subjects, although the differences were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beta-cell promoter variant in homozygous state was associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not with diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol levels in Japanese men. It is unlikely that the glucose intolerance associated with the promoter variant is progressive with age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nonaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000201:enzymology*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D005941:Glucokinase