title: Apoptotic cell death in neuronal differentiation of P19 EC cells: cell death follows reentry into S phase.
abstract: Apoptotic cell death was observed during aggregate culture of the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (tRA). This finding was confirmed by genomic DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was associated with P19 cell neuronal differentiation; alternative causes of cell death, i.e., cavitation-related, cytotoxicity of tRA, or spontaneous cell death were excluded. Analysis by flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis was likely to occur in multiplying cells that underwent to reentering into S phase. We therefore examined 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and localization in the aggregates by immunofluorescent staining. Although the P19 cells in the aggregates exposed to tRA incorporated BrdU at an equivalent level to those not exposed to tRA, the cells showed diminished PCNA expression and nuclear accumulation. We propose that P19 apoptosis during neuronal differentiation is a model system in which programmed cell death occurs simultaneously with cell division leading to differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Morriss-Kay
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine