title: CYP2C7 expression in rat liver and hepatocytes: regulation by retinoids.
abstract: Rats deficient in vitamin A express low levels of P4502C7 mRNA in the liver. Administration of all-trans retinoic acid (at-RA) or growth hormone (GH) to deficient animals only partially restored the expression whereas the combined treatment returned the P4502C7 mRNA levels to that observed in normal rats. That a retinoid is the predominant inducer of P4502C7 at the cellular level is evident from studies performed with primary hepatocytes, but it became clear that GH is a prerequisite for the vitamin A effect in vivo. The at-RA induction of P4502C7 mRNA in primary rat hepatocytes was inhibited by ketoconazole, an inhibitor of P450 activity, and by cycloheximide, blocking ongoing protein synthesis. In contrast, the at-RA induction of RAR-beta2 mRNA was not affected by any of these compounds. This could indicate previously not recognized mechanisms of at-RA action. Interestingly, at-4-oxo-RA, an at-RA metabolite formed by a P450 catalyzed reaction, also induced P4502C7 mRNA. Induction of P4502C7 mRNA by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) selective agonist TTNPB indicated that this pathway is preferred over the retinoid X receptor (RXR) pathway. In addition, analysis of RA metabolites in liver cell extracts revealed the formation of several as yet unidentified metabolites. The formation of some of these metabolites was inhibited by ketoconazole and they could therefore constitute potential inducers of CYP2C7. We suggest that metabolism of at-RA, possibly by a P450 enzyme, is an important step in the at-RA induction of P4502C7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Novum, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonneveld
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: van der Leede
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: van der Saag
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System