title: The incidence of arrhythmias during induction of general anesthesia.
abstract: In this study, our induction methods of endotracheal anesthesia was evaluated with reference to electrocardiogram, hemodynamic status and arterial blood gas analysis on 153 patients. From the beginning of induction, electrocardiogram was recorded continuously to the completion of intubation. The blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. Arterial blood samples were taken at 40 seconds of apneic period after the mask was removed from the patient's face (CONT group), at 40 seconds of apnea with intratracheal spray (LIDO group), and after intubation following intratracheal spray (INT group). In the electrocardiographic survey, arrhythmias during intubation were rare (1/113, 0.9%). PaCO2 values in INT group showed a significant elevation (+ 14.0 mmHg; p < 0.01) compared to these in CONT group. As a result of careful and gentle induction techniques, the incidence of arrhythmias during intubation was very low. However, an elevation of PaCO2 was not avoidable, even in smooth and successful intubation. In conclusion, the importance of more adequate ventilation coupled with skillful intubation in a shorter period to avoid hypercapnia and arrhythmias is appreciated again in the endotracheal anesthesia for the maxillofacial surgical patients with anatomical airway problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibutani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004987:Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013874:Thiopental / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D013874:Thiopental; D010100:Oxygen