title: Na+ channel modulation and force-frequency relationship in human myocardium.
abstract: The enhancement of force of contraction (FOC) following increasing frequencies of stimulation is an important mechanism of positive inotropy in human myocardium. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of alterations in Na+ influx on FFR in human myocardium. Isometric FOC of electrically stimulated right auricular trabeculae (AUT, n = 12) from human non-failing hearts (n = 8) was measured at different stimulation rates (0.5-3 Hz) under control conditions, after increasing Na+ influx by the addition of (+/-)BDF 9148 (BDF, 3 mumol l-1) and after decreasing Na+ influx by the addition of lidocaine (LIDO, 10 mumol l-1). Additionally, the rate dependent changes in diastolic tension (DT) were measured in all experiments. Under control conditions FOC increased with increasing frequencies of stimulation. The rate at which maximal FOC was observed (SFmax) was 2.0 +/- 0.2 Hz and maximal increase in FOC (PIEmax) by increasing frequency of stimulation was +1.5 +/- 0.5 mN. After increase of Na+ influx by BDF (3 mumol l-1) SFmax was decreased to 0.8 +/- 0.1 Hz (p < 0.05 versus control) and PIEmax was +0.1 +/- 0.3 mN (p < 0.05). When Na+ influx was diminished by LIDO (10 mumol l-1) SFmax and PIEmax were increased compared to control (2.4 +/- 0.1 Hz and +4.1 +/- 0.9 mN, p < 0.05 versus control). The diastolic tension (DT) of AUT at 3 Hz was not changed at higher rates in the control group and after application of LIDO (10 mumol l-1), whereas after enhancement of Na+ influx by BDF there was an increase in DT of +0.7 +/- 0.2 at 3 Hz (p < 0.05 versus control and LIDO). An enhanced Na+ influx leads to a decrease in the optimal frequency and to a smaller force potentiation by higher stimulation rates which could be at least partly due to incomplete relaxation at higher frequencies, whereas a reduced Na+ influx is followed by opposite alterations. It is concluded that besides Ca2+ handling also Na+ influx and Na+ homeostasis might determine the frequency-induced force potentiation in human myocardium. Thus, the negative FFR in diseased human myocardium might result from changes in cellular Ca2+ or Na+ regulatory sites.
authors.affiliation: Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller-Ehmsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brixius
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schwinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001384:Azetidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001384:Azetidines; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D015222:Sodium Channels; C071117:BDF 9148; D008012:Lidocaine