title: Purified ACE attenuates smokeless tobacco-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the oral mucosa.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether purified angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) attenuates smokeless tobacco extract (STE)-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the in situ oral mucosa. By using intravital microscopy, we found that suffusion of an aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco elicited significant concentration-dependent leaky site formation and increase in clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (mol mass, 70 kDa) from the hamster cheek pouch (P < 0.05). Suffusion of purified rabbit lung ACE significantly attenuated these responses in a concentration-dependent fashion (P < 0.05). These effects were specific because purified ACE also significantly attenuated the increase in macromolecular efflux elicited by bradykinin, which is produced in the cheek pouch during suffusion of STE, but did not attenuate the increase elicited by adenosine. Moreover, suffusion of heat-inactivated purified ACE and purified superoxide dismutase had no significant effects on STE- and bradykinin-induced responses. Collectively, these data suggest that exogenous ACE attenuates STE-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the in situ oral mucosa, in part, by promoting local bradykinin catabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Olopade
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pakhlevaniants
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002610:Cheek; D006224:Cricetinae; D003911:Dextrans; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011817:Rabbits; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D001920:Bradykinin