title: Mucosal immune responses in four distinct compartments of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a comparison by site and correlation with clinical information.
abstract: Because mucosal immune responses may be important in protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-1-specific immune responses at mucosal sites in natural infection were compared. Total antibody concentrations and HIV-1-specific binding antibody responses in four distinct mucosal sites and serum were assessed in 41 HIV-infected and 19 HIV-seronegative women. HIV-1 gp160-specific IgG responses were detected in >99% of mucosal samples in infected subjects, with the highest titers in genital secretions. HIV-1-specific IgA was detected in the majority of endocervical secretions (94%) and nasal washes (95%) but less often in vaginal washes (51%) and parotid saliva (38%). There was no significant correlation between mucosal immune response and most clinical factors. Based on methodologic considerations, frequencies of detection, and HIV-1-specific responses, nasal washes and genital secretions may each provide important measures of HIV-1-specific mucosal immune responses in infected women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Artenstein
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: VanCott
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Sitz
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Byron
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Birx
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology*; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007136:Immunoglobulins