title: The transcription factor E2F-1 modulates TGF-beta1 RNA expression in glial cells.
abstract: The cell type specificity of the regulation of expression of the potent growth inhibitory cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), prompted our analyses of the regulation of TGF-beta1 gene expression in glial cells by viral and cellular oncoproteins. We have shown that SV40 T-antigen diminished TGF-beta1 expression in glial cells and this repression was dependent on the ability of T-antigen to interact with the tumor suppressor protein, pRb, and two structurally related proteins, p107 and p130. The cellular transcription factor E2F-1, which is a downstream effector of T-antigen, was unable to influence expression from the TGF-beta1 promoter by itself. Interestingly, E2F-1 could overcome viral T-antigen-mediated repression of the TGF-beta1 promoter, suggesting potential feedback loop between TGF-beta and E2F in virally transformed glial cells. Using deletion analyses, we have mapped two E2F-1-responsive regions on the TGF-beta1 promoter: a T-antigen-dependent negative regulatory sequence (TdNRS) between -323 and -175, and a T-antigen-independent positive regulatory sequence (TiPRS) between -34 and +10 on the TGF-beta1 promoter. Further examination of TiPRS revealed the presence of a functional E2F binding site. Interestingly, the amino terminus of E2F-1 was required for its activation of TGF-beta1 expression, as mutations in that domain abolished the ability of E2F-1 to increase TGF-beta1 expression. These data suggest that yet-uncharacterized interaction between the amino terminus of E2F-1 and cellular proteins regulates TGF-beta1 expression. The mechanism for E2F-1-mediated T-antigen-dependent regulation of TGF-beta1 expression from TdNRS awaits further characterization.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurovirology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thatikunta
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta