title: Temporal dependence of coronary collateral development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous evidence suggests that episodes of myocardial ischemia of sufficient duration and intensity are required to produce coronary collateral development during repetitive coronary occlusion. This investigation tested the hypothesis that coronary collateral development is also temporal-dependent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronically instrumented dogs (n = 16) were subjected to brief (2 min) left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusions, once every hour, 8 h a day, for 3 weeks or once every hour, 24 h a day for 1 week. Collateral perfusion (radioactive microspheres), LAD contractile function (ultrasonic crystals), and post-occlusive flow debt repayment (LAD flow probe) were measured during occlusions 1, 55, 105, and 155.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases (P < 0.05 in subendocardial collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium, progressive normalization of contractile function during LAD occlusion, and successive reduction in flow debt repayment were observed in dogs receiving occlusions over 3 weeks. In contrast, dogs receiving the same number of coronary occlusions over 1 week demonstrated minimal increases in collateral blood flow, persistent regional contractile dysfunction, and sustained flow debt repayment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that LAD collateral development in response to repetitive coronary occlusion requires sufficient time for growth adaptation of the collateral circulation to occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: McGough
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pagel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tessmer
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Warltier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D008863:Microspheres; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors