title: A comprehensive study of smoking in primary school children in Hong Kong: implications for prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with smoking behaviour in primary school children in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional survey in which both children and parents completed questionnaires. The main outcome measure was the smoking status of the children; and risk factors (knowledge of and attitude to smoking and demographic and socioeconomic background) were identified as predictors of ever/never smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 9598 primary school children, aged 8-13 years, and attending 27 schools from two districts in Hong Kong participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ever-smoking was 12% (1119)-15% (760) in boys and 7% (359) in girls. It ranged from 3% in 8 year old girls to 52% in 13 year old boys. The factors associated with ever-smoking included the following: being a boy (adjusted odds ratio 2.21; 95% confidence interval 1.89, 2.59), increasing age per year (1.48; 1.40, 1.57), living in Kwai Tsing district (1.29; 1.10, 1.50), having one or more smokers at home (2.07; 1.78, 2.39), and having a father who was not working (1.41; 1.19, 1.67). Children who were ever-smokers had both seen and approved of their friends' smoking (8.79; 5.33, 14.50), had a more positive attitude towards smoking (3.35; 2.21, 5.09), and were more successful in recognising cigarette brand names and logos (1.67; 1.42, 1.96), but they lacked confidence (1.78; 1.32, 2.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influences on child smoking are multifactorial and programmes in Hong Kong are falling to curb them. The control of these risk factors must be incorporated in the smoking prevention policy of Hong Kong and supported by future enforced legislation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Betson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors