title: Dual effects of PACAP on guinea pig gallbladder muscle via PACAP-preferring and VIP/PACAP-preferring receptors.
abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the effect and mechanism of action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) on gallbladder muscle. Guinea pig gallbladder muscle strips were studied isometrically. In noncontracted muscle strips, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 caused dose-dependent contractions, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) caused dose-dependent relaxation. PACAP-27 contractions were resistant to tetrodotoxin, atropine, and the substance P receptor antagonist [D-Arg1,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]substance P (Spantide) but were inhibited by the selective PACAP receptor antagonist PACAP-(6-38) and slightly increased with the VIP receptor antagonist [4-chloro-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP. In cholecystokinin-precontracted muscle strips, both VIP and PACAP caused relaxations. This relaxant effect of PACAP-27 was inhibited by PACAP-(6-38) and [4-chloro-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP, but not by tetrodotoxin. These studies suggest that PACAP has dual excitatory and inhibitory effects on guinea pig gallbladder muscle. The contractile effect of PACAP is a direct action on muscle through PACAP-preferring receptors. The relaxant effect of PACAP is seen in precontracted muscle strips and mediated through VIP/ PACAP-preferring receptors.
authors.affiliation: Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Parkman
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011377:Proglumide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D009599:Nitroprusside; D013373:Substance P; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D001285:Atropine; D002766:Cholecystokinin; C042867:spantide; D011433:Propranolol; D011377:Proglumide; D010646:Phentolamine