title: Immunohistochemical analysis of estramustine binding protein with particular reference to proliferative activity in human prostatic carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The estramustine binding protein (EMBP) specifically binds to estramustine and was first discovered in the rat ventral prostate. However, the physiological property of EMBP in the human prostate still remains to be elucidated. To elucidate whether EMBP is interrelated with cellular proliferation in human prostatic carcinoma (PC), the change in EMBP immunostaining during luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog administration or during Cis-platinum-based chemotherapy, and the difference in EMBP immunostaining between hormone refractory (hr-PC) and untreated PC were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with histologically proven untreated PCs (34 were treated with LH-RH analog and 12 were treated with chemotherapy as an initial therapy) and 14 with hr-PC were used in this study. PC tissues were obtained before and 3 months after the initial therapy. The changes in immunostainings for EMBP, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and nm23 protein were compared with the change in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and the histological response during the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increased EMBP expression was observed in tumors with high histological grade and high clinical stage as well as in hr-PC. In untreated PC, EMBP expression weakly correlated with PCNA or nm23 protein immunoreactivity. In PC receiving LH-RH analog, EMBP expression was significantly reduced after treatment, however, no significant changes were observed in PCNA or nm23 protein immunoreactivity. In addition, EMBP expression before the treatment significantly correlated with the serum PSA change, while PCNA expression and nm23 protein immunoreactivity did not. On the other hand, no significant relationship was observed between histological changes induced by the LH-RH analog and immunostainings for EMBP, PCNA, and nm23 protein before treatment. In PC patients receiving chemotherapy, immunostainings for EMBP, PCNA, and nm23 protein were not significantly changed during the treatment. EMBP immunoreactivity was significantly higher in hr-PC than in untreated PC with paralleled change of PCNA expression and nm23 protein immunoreactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate that EMBP is androgen regulated in some PCs. However, EMBP expression is demonstrated even in hr-PC and is interrelated with cellular proliferation especially in hr-PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane Medical University, Enya-cho Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigeno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C028321:estramustine-binding protein; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins