title: Dietary mixtures of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride: effects on lactational performance, acid-base status, and mineral metabolism of Holstein cows.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine lactational, blood mineral, and blood acid-base responses to dietary mixtures of NaHCO3, NaCl, and KCl and dietary cation-anion difference by lactating diary cows. Three 100:0:0 (primary) blends, three 50:50:0 (binary) blends, and one 33:33:33 (tertiary) blend of NaHCO3, NaCl, and KCl, respectively, were formulated to replace 1% of the dry matter in a diet based on corn silage. Seven treatments were defined according to a simplex-centroid mixtures design using a partially balanced incomplete block arrangement. An eighth treatment served as a control and contained 1% SiO2 instead of the mineral blends. Dietary cation-anion difference ranged from +25 to +40 meq of (Na + K - Cl)/100 g of dietary dry matter. Diets were fed for three consecutive 28-d periods during summer to 36 midlactation cows. Cows that were fed the tertiary mixture had lower milk protein percentage, whole blood bicarbonate, and plasma K than did cows fed the other blends. With the exception of milk protein percentage and body weight gain, none of the mixtures had a significant impact on lactational performance. The lack of differences could have been due to the narrow range in the dietary cation-anion difference studied.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Agriculture Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Beede
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cornell
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D002412:Cations / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002412:Cations; D008903:Minerals; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D011188:Potassium