title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as an adjunct to induction chemotherapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia--a randomized phase-III study.
abstract: Because of the recommendation to avoid the concomitant administration of growth factors and chemotherapy, there is only limited information on colony-stimulating factor (CSF) therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) induction protocols, in which cytotoxic drugs are administered in divided doses over a prolonged period of time, thus requiring a simultaneous administration of growth factors and chemotherapy. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to determine the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) as an adjunct to phase I of induction chemotherapy for adult ALL. Patients (n = 53) were randomized to receive no growth factor or G-CSF (5 microg/kg/d subcutaneously) starting on day 2 of chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin (45 mg/m2) and vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; L-asparaginase (2500 U/m2) on days 1 through 14; and prednisone (60 mg/m2) on days 1 through 28. A total of 25 patients in the G-CSF group and 26 patients in the control arm fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. G-CSF markedly ameliorated neutropenia because the median proportion of days with neutropenia less than 1,000/microL was 29% in the G-CSF group as compared with 84% in the control arm (P < .00005). The median time to reach absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) > or = 1,000/microL was 16 days in G-CSF patients and 26 days in controls (P < .001). More importantly, G-CSF significantly reduced the incidence of febrile neutropenia (12% v 42% in controls, P < .05) and documented infections (40% v 77%, P < .05). No significant differences were found with regard to requirements for red blood cell transfusions and platelet concentrates. A total of 24 of 25 (96%) patients in the G-CSF group and 20 of 25 (80%) evaluable control patients had complete remission after phase I of induction therapy. We conclude that G-CSF can be safely administered as an adjunct to induction therapy of ALL and is clinically beneficial by ameliorating neutropenia and reducing infectious complications.
authors.affiliation: 1st Medical Department, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hubmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niederwieser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hinterberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kyrle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knöbl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pabinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thalhammer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schwarzinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannhalter
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Linkesch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lechner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009504:Neutrophils; D010976:Platelet Count; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014750:Vincristine; D001215:Asparaginase; D011241:Prednisone; D003630:Daunorubicin