title: Simplified anatomic method of double-eyelid operation: septodermal fixation technique.
abstract: Conventionally, it has been argued that the aponeurosis meets the orbital septum below the upper tarsal border in Orientals. However, we have shown that the aponeurosis fused with the orbital septum above the upper tarsal border in 502 patients, which contradicts the classic concept. In 457 patients there were distinct layers of fascia anterior to the orbital septum that originate from the septum and insert onto the pretarsal aponeurotic expansion. In Oriental eyelids, the preaponeurotic fat and orbital septum hang below the fusion line of the septum and aponeurosis. The hanging portion of the septum was dissected from the aponeurosis, plicated, and sutured to the dermis of the pretarsal flap. We performed the septodermal fixation technique in 512 patients over 3 years starting in March of 1992. Complications and changes of the folds were analyzed. The technique produced much less edema and discomfort and created more natural fold lines than any other technique. Patients were very lightly satisfied with the shape of the folds that we were able to design and adjust precisely with this method.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors