title: Effects of cellobiose and monensin on in vitro fermentation of organic acids by mixed ruminal bacteria.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cellobiose and monensin on the in vitro fermentation of organic acids (L-aspartate, fumarate, and DL-malate) by mixed ruminal bacteria. Ruminal fluid was collected from a steer fed 36.7 kg of forage and 4.5 kg of concentrate supplement once per day. Ruminal fluid was centrifuged to sediment feed particles and protozoa, and the resulting supernatant, which contained bacteria, was added (33%, vol/vol) to anaerobic media (500 ml). Incubations (n = 2) were performed in batch culture at 39 degrees C and sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. Organic acids were added to achieve a final concentration of 7.5 mM. Cellobiose was added to obtain a final concentration of 5 mM, and monensin dissolved in ethanol was included at concentrations of 0 or 5 ppm. Addition of cellobiose to organic acid fermentations increased the rate of organic acid utilization by the mixed bacterial population. Total concentrations of volatile fatty acids were increased by the addition of cellobiose to all fermentations. A lag period (< or = 8 h) occurred in fermentations that were treated with monensin before organic acids were utilized. Total concentrations of volatile fatty acids were increased, and the acetate to propionate ratio was decreased, by monensin treatment. When cellobiose and monensin were added together, propionate production and organic acid utilization were increased. Both cellobiose and monensin affected the in vitro fermentation of organic acids by mixed ruminal bacteria by providing a carbon and energy source and by influencing electron disposal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2771, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002475:Cellobiose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005650:Fumarates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011422:Propionates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003049:Coccidiostats; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005650:Fumarates; D007773:Lactates; D008293:Malates; D011422:Propionates; D002475:Cellobiose; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D008985:Monensin