title: Frequency of associated anomalies in congenital hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle: a study of 50 patients.
abstract: Aside from congenital heart disease, anomalies associated with unilateral hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle have not been well-documented in large series. We evaluated the associated anomalies in 50 infants or children with this disorder (male:female = 2:1) and found accompanying anomalies in 35 (70%) of 50 cases. They included anomalies of the head and neck (48%), heart (44%), skeleton (22%), genitourinary tract (24%), central nervous system (10%), gastrointestinal tract (6%), and miscellaneous minor anomalies (8%). Nearly half of our cases (22/50) had at least 2 associated systemic anomalies. Failure to thrive and psychomotor retardation were found in 5 (10%) and 3 (6%) patients, respectively, on follow-up. Three infants died neonatally of severe heart disorders, and the other one died of central nervous system anomalies. The above findings indicate that a thorough search for associated anomalies, particularly in the cardiovascular system, should be performed in all newborns with asymmetric crying face.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000151:congenital* / Q000235:genetics; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D013577:Syndrome