title: Omeprazole-based dual and triple regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of omeprazole-based dual and triple regimens for the treatment of children with Helicobacter pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients (3 with gastric ulcer, 12 with duodenal ulcer, and 7 with nodular gastritis alone) were studied. Twelve ulcer patients also had nodular gastritis. The dual regimen included a 2-week course of omeprazole (0.6 mg/kg twice a day) and amoxicillin (30 mg/kg twice a day) (n = 10), and the triple regimen included the dual regimen plus clarithromycin (15 mg/kg twice a day) (n = 12). In patients with active ulcers, omeprazole once daily was administered for another 4 weeks. Endoscopic biopsies were taken before therapy and 4 weeks after completion of a 2-week course of therapy, and patients were followed for 6 months. The gastritis score (grade 0 to 3) and serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The regimens were tolerated by all patients. Eradication rates for the dual and triple regimens were 70% and 92%, respectively. Active ulcers completely healed within 6 weeks. Patients with nodular gastritis alone showed different clinical responses to therapy. Pretreatment histology showed chronic gastritis in all patients. Successful H pylori eradication significantly reduced the mean gastritis score from 2.9 to 1.3, but unsuccessful eradication did not reduce it. The disappearance of antral nodularity often coincided with the success of eradication. Successful eradication significantly decreased pretreatment serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers by 29% at 1 month, by 52% at 3 months, and by 67% at 6 months. Side effects were mild and were reported in 23% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An omeprazole-based regimen is safe and may be a better option for eradication of H pylori in children. Antral nodularity is a macroscopic marker of H pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naganuma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D010406:Penicillins; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole