title: Two distinct TATA-less promoters direct tissue-specific expression of the rat apo-B editing catalytic polypeptide 1 gene.
abstract: The species and tissue specificity of apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA editing is determined by the expression of apoB editing catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC-1), the cytidine deaminase that catalyzes apoB mRNA editing. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transcription of APOBEC-1, we characterized rat APOBEC-1 cDNA and genomic DNA. cDNA cloning and RNase protection analysis showed two alternative promoters for the tissue-specific expression of APOBEC-1 in the liver and intestine, Pliv and Pint. Both promoters lack a TATA box, and Pint belongs to the MED-1 class of promoters, which initiate transcription at multiple sites. We also identified two allelic forms of the APOBEC-1 gene from the characterization of two rat APOBEC-1 P1 genomic clones, RE4 and RE5. The RE4 allele is 18 kilobases long and contains six exons and five introns, whereas the RE5 allele contains an additional approximately 8 kilobases of intron sequences and an extra exon encoding a 5'-untranslated region; however, the APOBEC-1 transcripts from the two alleles appear to have similar, if not identical, functions. Transgenic mouse studies showed that Pliv was preferentially used in the liver, kidney, brain, and adipose tissues, whereas Pint was preferentially used in the small intestine, stomach, and lung. Our results suggest that the tissue-specific expression of APOBEC-1 is governed by multiple regulatory elements exerting control over a single coding sequence. The presence or absence of these regulatory elements may determine the tissue-specific expression of APOBEC-1 in other mammalian species.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Cardiovascular Research Institute, and the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94141-9100, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Balestra
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Innerarity
mesh_terms: D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015698:Genomic Library; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016385:TATA Box; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605090:Apobec1 protein, mouse; C000605091:Apobec1 protein, rat; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase