title: Pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous enrofloxacin dose in scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah).
abstract: Based on a 1.3 mg/kg mean dosage determined by metabolic energy scaling, enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics of a single i.v. dose of enrofloxacin in five adult scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) were determined. Drug concentration versus time curves were best fit by residual analysis to a one-compartment open model with a maximum (mean +/- SD) serum concentration after distribution of 1.887 +/- 0.632 micrograms/ml and an elimination half-life of 41.2 +/- 27.5 min. Model-independent parameters were area under the curve (173.63 +/- 147.5 micrograms.min/ml), mean volume of distribution (steady state) (0.80 +/- 0.30 L/kg), clearance (12.07 +/- 7.12 ml/min/kg), and residence time (77.22 +/- 72.8 min). Mean serum enrofloxacin concentrations reached the recommended minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 micrograms/ml). Drug concentrations remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration of most sensitive bacteria (0.5 micrograms/ml) consistently for 90 min. Based on this study, enrofloxacin would have to be administered parenterally to scimitar-horned oryx at 1.6 mg/kg every 6-8 hr (minimally) to maintain appropriate serum concentrations against susceptible bacteria. The metabolic energy scaled dosed regiment from this study appeared to be too low for the oryx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Boothe
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Heatley
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Helmick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000866:Antelopes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D015363:Quinolones / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin