title: Scleroderma lung fibroblasts exhibit elevated and dysregulated type I collagen biosynthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether scleroderma lung fibroblasts show a pattern of aberrant type I collagen (CI) biosynthesis similar to that observed previously in studies of dermal fibroblasts in this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  CI secretion and steady-state pro alpha1(I) collagen messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and COL1A2 gene activation were examined in fibroblasts grown from lung biopsy specimens obtained from 16 scleroderma patients with lung fibrosis and from 10 histologically normal lung specimens (controls). The effect of culture in a 3-dimensional (3-D) CI gel matrix culture on CI mRNA levels was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- SEM) collagen secretion in monolayer culture for scleroderma lung fibroblasts was 90.9 +/- 56 ng/ml/10(6) cells, significantly greater (P < 0.05) than controls (40.2 +/- 17.5). Pro alpha1(I) collagen mRNA levels in monolayer cultures were higher in scleroderma (mean +/- SEM collagen:GAPDH ratio 3.7 +/- 0.9) compared with control (1.9 +/- 0.8) lung fibroblasts. Transient expression assays confirmed that genes coding for CI are transcriptionally activated in scleroderma lung fibroblasts compared with control strains. Although all lung fibroblasts induced equivalent contraction of 3-D CI gel matrices, scleroderma strains failed to show a reduction in steady-state pro alpha1(I) collagen mRNA levels in gel culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated elevated CI biosynthesis and impaired mRNA down-regulation for CI by scleroderma lung fibroblasts. These properties are likely to be highly relevant to the pathogenesis of scleroderma-associated lung fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi-Wen
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McWhirter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bou-Gharios
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: du Bois
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003094:Collagen