title: Absorption and metabolism of nivalenol in pigs.
abstract: The absorption and metabolism of nivalenol (NIV) were studied in pigs fed 0.05 mg NIV/kg BW, twice daily. Blood samples were taken during the first and third day, through catheters in the hepatic portal vein and peripheral mesenteric artery. Nivalenol was detected in most of the earliest blood samples, taken twenty minutes after the start of feeding. During 7.5 hrs after feeding, 11-43% of the NIV dose was absorbed. The systemic peak concentrations were 3-6 ng NIV/ml, mostly occurring 2.5-4.5 h after feeding. Sixteen hours after feeding, NIV was still being absorbed from the intestine, and the systemic concentrations were 1-3 ng NIV/ml. Nivalenol was mainly excreted in faeces, which contained concentrations up to 3.2 mg NIV/kg. No metabolites of NIV were found in plasma, urine, and faeces, either as glucuronic acid or sulphate conjugates, or as de-epoxy-NIV, indicating a lack of metabolism. The feeding of NIV did not cause feed refusal, and measured clinical plasma parameters were within the normal ranges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C038405:nivalenol; D002784:Cholesterol; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase