title: Internally stabilized spine: optimal choice of frequency-encoding gradient direction during MR imaging minimizes susceptibility artifact from titanium vertebral body screws.
abstract: In 18 vertebral bodies with titanium fixation screws and in a phantom model, visualization of the vertebral body marrow was improved and susceptibility artifact was reduced on T1-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance images when the direction of the frequency-encoding gradient was parallel to the long axis of the screw. A perpendicular direction improved image quality only when the region of interest was adjacent to the tip of the screw. In the phantom, the length of the screw was statistically significantly increased and the width and area were reduced (P <.001) when the gradient was parallel to the long axis of the screw.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA.
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Frazzini
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kagetsu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Destian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium