title: Evaluation of the role of cytokine activation in the multiplication of JC virus (JCV) in human fetal glial cells.
abstract: The human polyomavirus, JCV, is the etiologic agent of the fatal central nervous system demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy occurs most frequently in patients with underlying immunosuppressive disorders and is the direct result of virus multiplication in oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cell in the central nervous system. In this report we test the ability of cellular activation signals to modulate expression of the JCV genome in either transfected or infected human fetal glial cells. In addition, we analyze the binding of nuclear proteins isolated from untreated and cytokine treated human fetal glial cells to transcription factor binding sites in the JCV regulatory region. In contrast to the effects of cellular activation on the expression of the HIV-1 promoter in these cells, none of the cellular activators tested increased expression of JCV. The cytokine, TNF-alpha, increased binding of NF kappa B (p50/p65) to a JC NF kappa B site but did not modulate the binding of nuclear proteins to the overlapping NF-1/AP1 region of the JCV enhancer. When taken together these results suggest that the response of JCV to cellular activation signals may be fundamentally different from the response of HIV-1 to these signals in human fetal glial cells and that the JC NF kappa B site may not be required for JCV gene expression or multiplication in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Atwood
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Traub
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Major
mesh_terms: D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004586:Electrophoresis; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007577:JC Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000821:virology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; C070856:YBX1 protein, human