title: Increased expression of promatrix metalloproteinase-9 and neutrophil elastase in canine dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Canine dilated cardiomyopathy, commonly affecting Doberman pinschers, results in extracellular matrix remodelling within the myocardium. The aim of this study was to examine the proteolytic activity in myocardium from Doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of myocardium, obtained rapidly post mortem from the left ventricular free wall of Dobermans with dilated cardiomyopathy, clinically normal Dobermans and control dogs (non-Dobermans), were examined for proteolytic activity using substrate gel zymography. Gels were analysed by scanning densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Promatrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was significantly increased in all Doberman myocardium when compared to controls. A significant increase in an enzyme, identified to be neutrophil elastase by inhibition of its activity by Elastatinal and Western blotting, was also detected in all Dobermans when compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that promatrix metalloproteinase-9 and neutrophil elastase, both of which are implicated in inflammatory responses, are present in significantly elevated levels in Doberman dilated cardiomyopathy and are raised in clinically normal Dobermans. Both proteolytic enzymes degrade a wide variety of connective tissue components and thus the increased levels found may play an important role in the structural remodelling seen in the myocardium and subsequent heart failure. Increased proteolytic enzyme levels in clinically normal Dobermans may be indicative of the predisposition of the breed to dilated cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wotton
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tarlton
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Duance
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D004285:Dogs; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D017364:Collagenases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9