title: Two-dimensional proton chemical-shift imaging of human muscle metabolites.
abstract: Large lipid signals and strong susceptibility gradients introduced by muscle-bone interfaces represent major technical challenges for in vivo proton MRS of human muscle. Here, the demonstration of two-dimensional proton chemical-shift imaging of human muscle metabolites is presented. This technique utilizes a chemical-shift-selective method for water and lipid suppression and automatic shimming for optimal homogeneity of the magnetic field. The 2D1H CSI technique described facilitates the acquisition of high-spatial-resolution spectra, and allows one to acquire data from multiple muscle groups in a single experiment. A preliminary investigation utilizing this technique in healthy adult males (n = 4) revealed a highly significant difference in the ratio of the creatine to trimethylamine resonance between the fast and slow twitch muscle groups examined. The technique is robust, can be implemented on a commercial scanner with relative ease, and should prove to be a useful tool for both clinical and basic investigators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Willcott
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D003401:Creatine