title: Tandem balloon dilatation for childhood achalasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no previous reports of tandem balloon dilatation in childhood achalasia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the treatment of four cases of paediatric achalasia using tandem balloon dilatation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. A review of the literature since 1986 was undertaken to compare outcomes of balloon dilatation and surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the patients diagnosed with this condition and treated at our institution over the past 6 years: all four patients were treated by balloon dilatation of the lower oesophageal sphincter using two or three balloons in tandem. The definition of technical success was demonstration of a waist at 1-1.5 atmospheres of inflation pressure followed by abolition of the waist at higher pressures. Where this was unable to be achieved using a single balloon, two or three balloons in tandem were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient required oesophagomyotomy, and symptomatic control has been good to excellent in three of four patients. No significant side effects were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balloon dilatation and surgery have similar success rates in paediatric achalasia. Because of the low morbidity associated with balloon dilatation, the procedure should be considered as first line treatment of this condition. If the lower oesophageal sphincter is stretched insufficiently using a single balloon, tandem balloon dilatation should be utilised.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Research Institute and Gastroenterology Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, North Adelaide 5006, Australia.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome