title: Low prevalence of antibodies to GAD65 in a 50- to 74-year-old general Dutch population. The Hoorn Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of antibodies to GAD65 (GAD65-A) in relation to glucose tolerance disturbances and to blood glucose-lowering therapy in a general Dutch population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population sample of 2,350 Dutch subjects, age 50-74 years, agreed to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). They were classified as having normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, newly detected diabetes, or known diabetes. GAD65-A levels were measured in serum by means of a standardized radioligand assay and subsequently were expressed as indexes. The prevalence rates were defined as the proportions of individuals of each category of glucose tolerance exceeding the value of the index at the 99th percentile of the entire study population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rates and the 95% CIs of GAD65-A were 0.7% (0.4-1.2%) in cases of normal glucose tolerance, 2.4% (0.9-5.3%) in impaired glucose tolerance, 0% (0-3.3%) in newly detected diabetes, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and 3.5% (0.7-10.0%) in known diabetes. A total of 2 out of 3 subjects with GAD65-A indexes above the 99th percentile and 10 out of 18 subjects with GAD65-A indexes above the 85th percentile received insulin therapy for their diabetes, which showed an association between GAD65-A and insulin therapy
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low prevalence rates of latent autoimmunity to GAD were found in 50- to 74-year-old Dutch subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance, and GAD65-A was associated with insulin use in known diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jb.ruige.emgo@med.vu.nl
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruige
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Batstra
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aanstoot
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bruining
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: De Neeling
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase