title: Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to maternal or placental infection is related to risk of preterm birth and, in premature infants, of brain lesions predictive of cerebral palsy (CP). Few studies have investigated whether maternal infection is associated with risk of CP in children of normal birth weight.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate maternal infection during the admission for delivery as a possible risk factor for CP in infants born weighing 2500 g or more.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitals in 4 northern California counties, 1983 through 1985.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 children with disabling spastic CP who had no recognized prenatal brain lesions and 378 randomly selected control children weighing 2500 g or more at birth and surviving to age 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disabling spastic CP and signs of neonatal morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal fever exceeding 38 degrees C in labor was associated with increased risk of unexplained CP (odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-31.0), as was a clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. One or more indicators of maternal infection were present in 2.9% of control children, 22% of children with CP (OR, 9.3; 95% CI, 3.7-23.0), and 37% of those with the spastic quadriplegic subtype of CP (OR, 19.0; 95% CI, 6.5-56.0). Newborns exposed to maternal infection, both cases and controls, had 5-minute Apgar scores below 6 more often than those unexposed. Among children with CP, those born to infected women were more often hypotensive, needed intubation, had neonatal seizures, and received a clinical diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine exposure to maternal infection was associated with a marked increase in risk of CP in infants of normal birth weight. Maternal infection was also linked with low Apgar scores, other evidence of hypotension [corrected] and need for resuscitation, and neonatal seizures-signs commonly attributed to birth asphyxia.
authors.affiliation: California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, California Department of Health Services, Emeryville 94608-1811, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Grether
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors