title: Pelvic floor exercises as a treatment for post-micturition dribble.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor exercises and urethral milking as treatments for post-micturition dribble.
  
  
  METHODS
  A method of measuring small amounts of urine loss during normal activity was developed; pads were worn for short periods (< 4 h) and then stored in two sealed plastic bags which were weighed within 72 h. Forty-nine men (age range 36-83 years) drawn from a hospital out-patient population, who had not undergone surgery on the bladder, urethra or prostate gland, entered the study. They were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups; pelvic muscle exercise, urethral milking or counselling. Participants in each group followed the treatment specific to their group for 12 weeks. At 5, 9 and 13 weeks, urine loss was assessed using the method described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were comparable for age, height, weight and pelvic muscle contraction strength and compliance of the men who completed the study was excellent. The outcome measure (improvement in pad weight gain) was strongly influenced by initial pad weight gain, or degree of urine loss at the start of the study and this was treated as a covariate in an analysis of variance model. After allowing for the effects of initial pad weight gain, the counselling group showed no improvement, the urethral milking group showed an adjusted mean improvement in urine loss of 2.9 g after 13 weeks, compared with 4.7 g in the exercise group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both pelvic floor exercises and urethral milking are effective treatments for post-micturition dribble compared with counselling alone. Pelvic floor exercises were more effective in reducing urine loss than urethral milking in this study.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pinnock
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000534:rehabilitation*