title: Antiproliferative effect of retinoic acid in 1% sodium hyaluronate in an animal model of PVR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the antiproliferative activity in intravitreous retinoic acid (RA) dispersed in 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six groups of pigmented rabbits underwent gas-compression vitrectomy. Four days later, gas/HA or gas/balanced salt solution (BSS) exchange (1.0 m1) was performed in all rabbits. Groups A (n = 10) and B (n = 5) received intravitreous RA dissolved in 0.01 m1 of ethanol and dispersed in 1% HA (10 and 15 micrograms RA/m1, respectively). Group C (n = 10) received intravitreous RA dissolved in ethanol and dispersed in BSS (10 micrograms RA/m1). Groups D (n = 5) and F (n = 4) received 1 m1 of HA with ethanol; group E (n = 5) received 1 m1 of HA without ethanol. All groups except group F also received homologous fibroblasts and autologous, platelet-rich plasma intravitreously. The eyes were examined ophthalmoscopically for 1 month. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) findings were graded according to the classification of Fastenberg et al. all group F eyes also were examined by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RA in HA lessened PVR progression within 1 month when compared with HA injection controls and within 2 weeks when compared with the RA in BSS treatment group (both, p < 0.05). NO specific change attributable to ethanol was observed histopathologically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA dissolved in ethanol and dispersed in HA could be useful to treat PVR when silicone oil is unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Refojo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Leong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010949:Plasma; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D011817:Rabbits; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012996:Solutions; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D000431:Ethanol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014212:Tretinoin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid