title: Activation and involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in glutamate-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells.
abstract: In the mammalian central nervous system glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter and plays a crucial role in plasticity and toxicity of certain neural cells. We found that glutamate stimulated activation of p38 and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)), two subgroup members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily in matured cerebellar granule cells. The p38 activation was largely mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, we have revealed a novel signaling pathway, that is, Ca2+-mediated activation of p38 in glutamate-treated granule cells. The glutamate concentration effective for inducing apoptosis correlated with that for inducing p38 activation. SB203580, a specific inhibitor for p38, inhibited glutamate-induced apoptosis. Thus p38 might be involved in glutamate-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morooka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimohama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007476:Ionophores; D000001:Calcimycin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium