title: KGF facilitates repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in alveolar epithelial cells.
abstract: Administration of exogenous keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) prevents or attenuates several forms of oxidant-mediated lung injury. Because DNA damage in epithelial cells is a component of radiation pneumotoxicity, we determined whether KGF ameliorated DNA strand breaks in irradiated A549 cells. Cells were exposed to 137Cs gamma rays, and DNA damage was measured by alkaline unwinding and ethidium bromide fluorescence after a 30-min recovery period. Radiation induced a dose-dependent increase in DNA strand breaks. The percentage of double-stranded DNA after exposure to 30 Gy increased from 44.6 +/- 3.5% in untreated control cells to 61.6 +/- 5.0% in cells cultured with 100 ng/ml KGF for 24 h (P < 0.05). No reduction in DNA damage occurred when the cells were cultured with KGF but maintained at 0 degree C during and after irradiation. The sparing effect of KGF on radiation-induced DNA damage was blocked by aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerases-alpha, -delta, and -epsilon and by butylphenyl dGTP, which blocks DNA polymerase-alpha strongly and polymerases-delta and -epsilon less effectively. However, dideoxythymidine triphosphate, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase-beta, did not abrogate the KGF effect. Thus KGF increases DNA repair capacity in irradiated pulmonary epithelial cells, an effect mediated at least in part by DNA polymerases-alpha, -delta, and -epsilon. Enhancement of DNA repair capability after cell damage may be one mechanism by which KGF is able to ameliorate oxidant-mediated alveolar epithelial injury.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Lakeside Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeoka
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kamp
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Panos
mesh_terms: D016590:Aphidicolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D003848:Deoxyguanine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D003848:Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D006133:Growth Substances; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D016590:Aphidicolin; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C040364:N(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D004257:DNA Polymerase II; C017216:2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate