title: The product of the imprinted H19 gene is an oncofetal RNA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The H19 gene is an imprinted, maternally expressed gene in humans. It is tightly linked and coregulated with the imprinted, paternally expressed gene of insulin-like growth factor 2. The H19 gene product is not translated into protein and functions as an RNA molecule. Although its role has been investigated for more than a decade, its biological function is still not understood fully. H19 is abundantly expressed in many tissues from early stages of embryogenesis through fetal life, and is down regulated postnatally. It is also expressed in certain childhood and adult tumours. This study was designed to screen the expression of H19 in human cancer and its relation to the expression of H19 in the fetus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using in situ hybridisation with a [35S] labelled probe, H19 mRNA was detected in paraffin wax sections of fetal tissues from the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and of a large array of human adult and childhood tumours arising from these tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The H19 gene is expressed in tumours arising from tissues which express this gene in fetal life. Its expression in the fetus and in cancer is closely linked with tissue differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these and previous data, H19 is neither a tumour suppressor gene nor an oncogene. Its product is an oncofetal RNA. The potential use of this RNA as a tumour marker should be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ariel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayesh
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizov
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tanos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Podeh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Komitowski
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Quasem
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochberg
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D004707:Endoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009423:Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D022661:RNA, Untranslated