Flavone acetic acid stimulates nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production in subcutaneous mouse tumors.
Flavone acetic acid (FAA) has powerful anti-tumor activity against many types of solid murine tumors, but its biochemical mechanism of action is not understood. The present study examined the role of tumor vasculature and nitric oxide in mediating the anti-tumor effects of FAA. Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous RJ2-14 tumors were treated with a single dose of FAA, 200 mg/kg i.p., and euthanized at various times. Apoptosis within tumors was apparent during the first six hours of FAA treatment. We found that Type III, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was significantly increased in tumors, but not in other tissues, as early as two hours after FAA dosing. FAA also stimulated the formation of the toxic peroxynitrite radical in tumors within two hours of treatment as assessed by immunostaining for nitrotyrosine. Staining was observed in dilated tumor vessels and surrounding tumor cells and correlated with the presence of apoptosis. Tumor endothelium may therefore be a critical target for FAA activity via stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway.
Harris
S R
SR
Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Thorgeirsson
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UP
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D005609:Free Radicals; D009566:Nitrates; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C049328:flavone acetic acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D002118:Calcium