title: Mutation rate of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus over the entire genome and in subgenomic regions.
abstract: A patient on maintenance hemodialysis was infected with a recently discovered putative non-A to -E hepatitis virus designated GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) by transfusion. The viral isolate was recovered from the patient soon after she turned positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA in serum (GS185) and 8.4 years thereafter (GS193), and the entire nucleotide sequences were determined. They both had a genomic length of 9391 nucleotides with a defective C gene made of only 42 nucleotides. Between GS185 and GS193, 31 (0.33%) nucleotides were different, which changed 5 (0.18%) of the encoded 2842 amino acids. Thus, GBV-C/HGV was estimated to have a mutation rate of 3.9 x 10(-4) base substitutions per site per year. Nucleotide conversions were distributed over subgenomic regions, except in the 5' untranslated region of 552 nucleotides and a defective short C gene, which were conserved in sequence. The change in the putative envelope genes (E1 and E2) was no different from that in the entire genome with only 6 (0.35%) nucleotide substitutions among the 1730, just 1 of which induced an amino acid conversion. Taken along with the comparison of the two isolates with the reported five GBV-C or HGV isolates, these results indicate that GBV-C/HGV would not have hypervariable regions and would use a strategy for viral persistence that is different from immune escape.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Nagoya City University, Aichi-Ken, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuko
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayumi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins