title: Heterogeneity of Ca2+ gating of skeletal muscle and cardiac ryanodine receptors.
abstract: The single-channel activity of rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (skeletal RyR) and dog cardiac RyR was studied as a function of cytosolic [Ca2+]. The studies reveal that for both skeletal and cardiac RyRs, heterogeneous populations of channels exist, rather than a uniform behavior. Skeletal muscle RyRs displayed two extremes of behavior: 1) low-activity RyRs (LA skeletal RyRs, approximately 35% of the channels) had very low open probability (Po < 0.1) at all [Ca2+] and remained closed in the presence of Mg2+ (2 mM) and ATP (1 mM); 2) high-activity RyRs (HA skeletal RyRs) had much higher activity and displayed further heterogeneity in their Po values at low [Ca2+] (< 50 nM), and in their patterns of activation by [Ca2+]. Hill coefficients for activation (nHa) varied from 0.8 to 5.2. Cardiac RyRs, in comparison, behaved more homogeneously. Most cardiac RyRs were closed at 100 nM [Ca2+] and activated in a cooperative manner (nHa ranged from 1.6 to 5.0), reaching a high Po (> 0.6) in the presence and absence of Mg2+ and ATP. Heart RyRs were much less sensitive (10x) to inhibition by [Ca2+] than skeletal RyRs. The differential heterogeneity of heart versus skeletal muscle RyRs may reflect the modulation required for calcium-induced calcium release versus depolarization-induced Ca2+ release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Copello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleischer
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011336:Probability; D011817:Rabbits; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium