title: Cytogenetic effects in human exposure to arsenic.
abstract: The cytogenetic effects of arsenic exposure were studied among rural populations that live in the same geographical area and have similar socioeconomic status, but different degree of exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) via drinking water. A group of inhabitants of Santa Ana (408.17 micrograms/l of As in drinking water) were considered the exposed individuals and a group of inhabitants of Nazareno (29.88 micrograms/l) were considered as controls. Blood and urine samples were obtained from volunteers. Past and current exposure, health, and nutritional status as well as the presence of arsenic skin lesions were ascertained in study participants through questionnaires and physical examination. The frequencies and types of chromosomal aberrations in first-division metaphases were studied in whole blood lymphocyte cultures while the presence of micronuclei (MN) was studied in exfoliated epithelial cells obtained from the oral mucosa and from urine samples. Total arsenic (TAs) content, and the relative proportions of inorganic arsenic (IAs), and the metabolites monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acid were determined in urine samples. Exposed individuals showed a significant increase in the frequency of chromatid and isochromatid deletions in lymphocytes and of MN in oral and urinary epithelial cells. Males were more affected than females, and a higher number of micronucleated oral cells were found among those individuals with skin lesions. The type of cytogenetic damage observed gives evidence of arsenic as a clastogenic/aneugenic carcinogen.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, UNAM, Ciudad Universitario, México, México.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gonsebatt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blas
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Del Razo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Vargas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albores
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cebrián
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelsh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostrosky-Wegman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic