title: Prediction of response to antiestrogen therapy in advanced breast cancer patients by pretreatment circulating levels of extracellular domain of the HER-2/c-neu protein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of the HER-2/c-neu/c-erbB2 proto-oncogene is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer, perhaps due to an association of the HER-2 proto-oncogene protein with resistance to hormone and/or chemotherapy. Circulating levels of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER-2/c-neu-related protein (NRP) are elevated in 20% to 40% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. We investigated whether pretreatment levels of NRP predict response to hormone therapy (HT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulating NRP levels were determined in 94 patients who participated in a randomized trial of three different doses of the antiestrogen, droloxifene (DRO), as first-line HT for metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NRP levels were elevated (> or = 5,000 U/mL) in 32 of 94 patients (34%). Only three of 32 patients (9%) with elevated NRP levels responded to DRO, compared with 35 of 62 (56%) with nonelevated NRP levels (P = .00001). Low pretreatment NRP level was the most powerful predictor of response to DRO (odds ratio of response, 22.4; P = .0001). Elevated pretreatment NRP levels were also associated with a shorter time to progression (TTP) and survival duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment circulating NRP levels predict a low likelihood of benefit from HT, specifically DRO, in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and/or progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive or receptor-unknown metastatic breast cancer, even when adjusted for other known predictive factors, such as ER and/or PgR levels, site of disease, disease-free interval from primary treatment to recurrence, and prior adjuvant chemotherapy. These data suggest that pretreatment NRP levels may be useful in deciding whether to treat a patient who otherwise appears to be likely to respond to HT.
authors.affiliation: Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Tenney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hösch
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human