title: Shrinkage-induced activation of Na+/H+ exchange: role of cell density and myosin light chain phosphorylation.
abstract: Previously, we suggested that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is involved in shrinkage-induced activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger in rat astrocytes. Here we have studied the effects of hyperosmotic exposure in C6 glioma cells, a common model for astrocytes. Shrinkage-induced activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger in C6 cells is directly proportional to the degree of shrinkage, results in an alkaline shift in the pK' of the exchanger, is dependent on ATP, and is inhibited by ML-7 (an MLCK inhibitor) and by various calmodulin inhibitors. Cell shrinkage also results in increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). Interestingly, shrinkage-induced activation of the exchanger does not occur in subconfluent C6 cells. However, phosphorylation of MLC still occurs in subconfluent cultures of C6 cells on shrinkage, suggesting that the lack of activation in these cells occurs at a point between MLC phosphorylation and Na+/H+ exchange activation. The lack of activation of Na+/H+ exchange in subconfluent C6 cells can be utilized to further elucidate the shrinkage-induced activation pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Wright State University, School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Shrode
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Putnam
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005910:Glioma; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000378:metabolism*; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D002147:Calmodulin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D009281:Naphthalenes; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; C070571:ML 7; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000584:Amiloride; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase