title: p53 protein and gene alterations in pathological stage C prostate carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the extent of p53 immunoreactivity in pathological stage C prostate cancer as well as its correlation to tumor grade, substage, recurrence and proliferation rate. To define better the temporal relationship of p53 nuclear reactivity in prostate cancer p53 immunoreactivity was evaluated in all associated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry p53 status and proliferation rate were determined in 96 tumors from patients with pathological stage C prostate cancer. Single strand conformational polymorphism in exons 5 to 8 was used in a subset of specimens to assess the association of p53 nuclear accumulation with mutations in the p53 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p53 Nuclear reactivity was demonstrated in 10 tumors (10.4%), including 6 with high and 4 with low level nuclear reactivity. Of the tumors 86 (89.6%) had no evidence of p53 immunoreactivity. Each of the 6 tumors with high level p53 reactivity had associated areas of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia that also showed p53 nuclear reactivity. Furthermore, pathological stage C substage (C1, 2 or 3) was significantly associated with p53 nuclear reactivity (p = 0.04). Proliferation rates were correlated with p53 nuclear reactivity (p = 0.09), while there was no association with tumor grade or recurrence. p53 Gene alterations were noted in 2 of the 3 p53 positive tumors versus no alterations in the p53 gene of 3 p53 negative tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p53 Nuclear accumulation is uncommon in pathological stage C prostate cancer and its presence in premalignant prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions suggests that it may be an early event in a subset of prostate cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tomasic
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Elmajian
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esrig
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy-Burman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lieskovsky
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cote
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53