title: Phylogenetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus 1 in Ghana.
abstract: Eleven human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolates from Ghanaian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients obtained by our serosurvey in 1986-1994 were genomically analyzed and phylogenetically compared with other known strains. A phylogenetic tree constructed by analyzing the env region indicated that heterogeneous HIV-1 strains were circulating in Ghana and the majority of them (9 of 11 isolates) belonged to clade (subtype) A which is now furiously epidemic in Africa. Another isolate (1 of 11) belonged to clade D, and the remaining one (1 of 11) belonged to "clade G". This "clade G" virus grouped by the env analysis belonged to clade A by its pol sequence, suggesting an A/G intersubtype recombinant. The characteristic sequences in the V3 tip which have not yet been reported were observed in these Ghanaian isolates, which should be taken into account for future vaccine programs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathogenic Virus, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takehisa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osei-Kwasi
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Ayisi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandful
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ampofo
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Netty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mensah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ido
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayami
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D015752:Genes, env; D015751:Genes, pol; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments