title: The herpes simplex virus 1 protein kinase US3 is required for protection from apoptosis induced by the virus.
abstract: An earlier report showed that a disabled mutant lacking both copies of the major regulatory gene (alpha4) of herpes simplex virus 1 induced DNA degradation characteristic of apoptosis in infected cells, whereas the wild-type virus protected cells from apoptosis induced by thermal shock. More extensive analyses of the disabled mutant revealed a second mutation which disabled US3, a viral gene encoding a protein kinase known to phosphorylate serine/threonine within a specific arginine-rich consensus sequence. Analyses of cells infected with a viral mutant carrying a wild-type alpha4 gene but from which the US3 gene had been deleted showed that it induced fragmentation of cellular DNA, whereas a recombinant virus in which the deleted sequences of the US3 gene had been restored did not cause the cellular DNA to fragment. These results point to the protein kinase encoded by the US3 gene as the principal viral product required to block apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Chicago, 910 East 58th Street, Chicago IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leopardi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Sant
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roizman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D005814:Genes, Viral; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C048925:herpes simplex virus, type 1 protein ICP4; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C095207:US3 protein, Human herpesvirus 1