title: High-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in first-line therapy for patients with poor-risk germ cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A treatment program that included high-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide (CEC) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (AuBMT) was investigated as first-line therapy in patients with poor-risk germ cell tumors (GCTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously untreated GCT patients with poor-risk features were treated with etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) with or without high-dose CEC plus AuBMT. Patients qualified for a change to high-dose CEC if a prolonged clearance of elevated serum tumor markers was observed after two cycles of the cisplatin-containing regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients were treated with VIP alone and 14 with VIP and high-dose CEC. Seventeen patients (57%) achieved a complete response. Twenty are alive (67%) and 15 (50%) are free of disease at a median follow-up time of 30 months. For 23 cycles of high-dose CEC, the median time from AuBMT to a granulocyte count > or = 0.5/microL was 11 days (range, 0 to 14) and to a platelet count 50,000/microL, 19 days (range, 14 to 34). The survival of 58 patients treated in two of our center's programs that incorporated high-dose chemotherapy (high-dose carboplatin plus etoposide [CE] and CEC) was compared with our prior experience with conventional-dose cisplatin chemotherapy alone in poor-risk GCT. Patients treated with marker-dependent, early-intervention high-dose chemotherapy experienced longer survival (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this setting, high-dose CEC was well tolerated, cumulative toxicity was lacking, and the recovery of blood counts after AuBMT was rapid. A randomized trial has been initiated to investigate further the role of high-dose CEC in first-line therapy for patients with poor-risk GCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bosl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lyn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vlamis
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D016190:Carboplatin