title: A covalent fluorescent-gold immunoprobe: simultaneous detection of a pre-mRNA splicing factor by light and electron microscopy.
abstract: Immunoprobes that combine a fluorescent label with a 1.4-nm gold cluster compound have been prepared by covalent conjugation with polyclonal antibody Fab' fragments. These new immunoconjugates allow the collection of two complementary sets of data, from fluorescence and electron microscopy, from a single labeling experiment. We find that incorporation of one or more fluorescein moieties into the coordinated ligands of the 1.4-nm Nanogold gold cluster label yields a stable, dual-function immunolabel in which fluorescence quenching is negligible. In a second synthetic strategy, Nanogold and fluorescein were separately covalently conjugated to Fab' fragments to yield a probe with very similar properties. With the use of Fab' fragments, the entire probe is smaller than a whole IgG molecule, and it exhibited excellent penetration properties. It was used to localize the pre-mRNA splicing factor SC35 in the HeLa cell nucleus by both fluorescence and electron microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Nanoprobes, Incorporated, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3350, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Halsey
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kaurin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hainfeld
mesh_terms: D019793:Fluorescein; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006046:Gold; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron / Q000379:methods*; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; C073288:SRSF2 protein, human; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D006046:Gold; D019793:Fluorescein