title: Use of octreotide in the acute management of bleeding esophageal varices.
abstract: Acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices is a medical emergency; despite early diagnosis and treatment the associated hospital mortality remains high. The clinical research summarized in this paper shows that octreotide has a beneficial effect on portal hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients. In randomized controlled trials octreotide has been effective in halting initial hemorrhage and in preventing reoccurrence of bleeding. Somatostatin and octreotide appear to be equivalent in terms of therapeutic efficacy but octreotide is the less expensive option. For suspected variceal bleeding an octreotide infusion should be initiated immediately. To prevent further bleeding the drug should be continued for two to five days after endoscopic variceal ligation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton. dan.sadowski@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sadowski
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011168:Portal System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D015282:Octreotide