title: Effect of estrogen on the size of low-density lipoprotein particles in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of estrogen on the size o low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 20 postmenopausal women with 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen daily for 3 months and measured the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B before and after therapy. We also analyzed concentrations of LDL cholesterol and LDL apolipoprotein B. The diameter of LDL particles was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estrogen caused significant decreases in the plasma levels of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B and significant increases in the plasma levels of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II. Mean levels of LDL cholesterol and LDL apolipoprotein B were reduced significantly (by 16.31%, P < .001, and 16.91%, P < .001, respectively) after estrogen treatment. Estrogen also significantly reduced the size of LDL particles, from 25.74 +/- 0.66 (mean +/- standard deviation) to 24.95 +/- 0.78 nm (P < .001). The LDL particle diameter correlated negatively with the plasma level of triglyceride (pre-treatment: r = 0.87, P < .001; post-treatment: r = 0.88, P < .001). Estrogen significantly increased the prevalence of LDL subclass pattern B, from 30 to 65% (P < .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen affects lipid metabolism favorably by reducing the plasma concentration of LDL particles. Estrogen-induced increase in the plasma level of triglyceride appears to reduce the size of LDL particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakatsuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikenoue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sagara
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D017698:Postmenopause; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol