title: Correlation of ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction, acid dissociated p24 antigen, and neopterin with progression of disease. A retrospective, longitudinal study of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between cell-free viral load, neopterin, age-adjusted CD4+ cell concentration, and clinical events in 49 children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viral load was measured by quantitating viral ribonucleic acid in serum by polymerase chain reaction and measurement of immune complex dissociated p24 antigen in serum and plasma. Children were followed for an average of 2 1/2 years, with an average of 6 samples per child. Medical records were reviewed for weight, CD4+ cell count and clinical events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High virus copy number in serum was predictive of a decrease in weight-for-age zscore during the subsequent 6 months. High viral load, low CD4+ cell count, and high neopterin level were correlated with encephalopathy. High viral load correlated with opportunistic infections. All of these relationships held regardless of treatment status, although viral load decreased significantly after treatment was begun.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of viral load were useful prognostic indicators for poor weight gain. Elevated serum virus levels and neopterin values and low CD4+ cell counts were all associated with encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaknun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornegay
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: al-Attar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaknun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wachter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chatis
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Burchett
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019798:Neopterin; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D012367:RNA, Viral; D001708:Biopterins; D015215:Zidovudine; D019798:Neopterin; D016047:Zalcitabine