title: The ultrasonographic differentiation of obstructive versus nonobstructive hydronephrosis in children: a multivariate scoring system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We identified sonographic prognosticators to aid in distinguishing obstructive from nonobstructive hydronephrosis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve sonographic variables were initially analyzed to determine significant associations between the variables and the presence of urinary tract obstruction as defined by diuretic radionuclide renography. The significant findings were subsequently subjected to logistic regression models to identify potential predictors for obstructive hydronephrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7 variables associated with a significantly higher risk of urinary tract obstruction were increased echogenicity, parenchymal rims 5 mm. or less, contralateral hypertrophy, resistive index ratio 1.10 or greater, resistive index difference with diuresis of 70% or greater, ureter diameter 10 mm. or greater and aperistaltic ureter. These variables were used for the development of a multivariate scoring system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obstructive scoring system shows promise as a screening method for the sonographic differentiation of obstructive from nonobstructive hydronephrosis in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Peña
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Korsvik
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications*