title: Effects of ethanol on the inner layers of chick retina during development.
abstract: Optic nerve hypoplasia is an important malformation of the fetal alcohol syndrome whose teratogenic mechanisms are unknown. In our experimental model we have quantified the concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the retina and vitreous humor of the developing chick. The effect of ethanol alone during retinal development was analyzed by conventional histological techniques and by immunostaining. A single injection of ethanol in the vitelline sac at the beginning of retinal cell differentiation retarded synaptogenesis in the inner plexiform layer and produced abundant ganglion cell death and a sharp diminution of myelinic axons. Our observations could help to explain certain alterations described in children exposed to ethanol during the development of their nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chmielewski
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quesada
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pozas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Picabea
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Prada
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D000079:Acetaldehyde