title: Fluoroscopically guided laser lithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for retained bile duct stones: a prospective randomised study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and laser induced shock wave lithotripsy (LISL) of retained bile duct stones to stone free rate, number of therapeutic sessions, and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four patients were randomly assigned to either ESWL or LISL therapy. The main reasons for failure of standard endoscopy were due to stone impaction (n = 12), biliary stricture (n = 8), or large stone diameter (n = 14).
  
  
  METHODS
  An extracorporeal piezoelectic lithotripter with ultrasonic guidance and a rhodamine 6G laser with an integrated stone tissue detection system were used. LISL was performed exclusively under radiological control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the initial methods complete stone fragmentation was achieved in nine of 17 patients (52.4%) of the ESWL group and in 14 of 17 patients (82.4%) in the LISL group, or combined with additional fragmentation techniques 31 of the 34 patients (91.2%) were stone free at the end of treatment. In comparison LISL tended to be more efficient in clearing the bile ducts (p = 0.07, NS). Significantly less fragmentation sessions (1.29 v 2.82; p = 0.0001) and less additional endoscopic sessions (0.65 v 1.6; p = 0.002) were necessary in the LISL group. There were no major complications in either procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with ESWL, fluoroscopically guided LISL achieves stone disintegration more rapidly and with significantly less treatment sessions, which leads to a significant reduction in cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine C, Klinikum Ludwigahafen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krömer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Riemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000191:economics; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies