title: Studies of water and electrolyte movement for oral rehydration solutions (rice- and glucose-based) across a normal and secreting gut using a dual isotope tracer technique in a rat perfusion model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a model to measure bidirectional flow of water from a glucose oral rehydration to solution (G-ORS) and a newly developed rice-based oral rehydration solution (R-ORS) using a dual isotope tracer technique in a rat perfusion model. To measure net water, sodium and potassium absorption from the ORS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo steady-state perfusion studies were carried out in normal and secreting (induced by cholera toxin) rat small intestine (n = 11 in each group). To determine bidirectional flow of water from the ORS the animals were initially with tritium, and deuterium was added to the perfusion solution. Sequential perfusate and blood samples were collected after attainment of steady-state conditions and analysed for water and electrolyte content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant increase in net water absorption from the R-ORS compared to the G-ORS in both the normal (P < 0.02) and secreting intestine (P < 0.05). Water efflux was significantly reduced in the R-ORS group compared to the G-ORS group in both the normal (P < 0.01) and the secreting intestine (P < 0.01). There was an increase in sodium absorption in the R-ORS group compared to the G-ORS. The G-ORS produced a significantly greater blood glucose level at 75 min compared to the R-ORS (P < 0.03) in the secreting intestine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the improved water absorption from a rice-based ORS in both the normal and secreting intestine. Evidence that the absorption of water may be influenced by the osmolality of the ORS was also demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cleghorn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003903:Deuterium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D014867:Water; D014316:Tritium; D012964:Sodium; D003903:Deuterium; D011188:Potassium