title: Apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cells induced by an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (okadaic acid) is prevented by Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L).
abstract: Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A has been shown to cause mitotic arrest and cell death of HL-60 and K562 cells. HL-60 cells express Bcl-2 and little or no Bcl-X(L), while K562 expresses Bcl-X(L) but not Bcl-2. Since phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of Bcl-2, we planned to investigate whether the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and Bax, a protein that antagonizes the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2, are regulated in myeloid leukemia cell lines (K562, KU812 and HL-60) treated with okadaic acid. Our results indicate that exposure of all three leukemic cell lines to nanomolar concentrations of okadaic acid causes a loss of viability by activation of an apoptotic process accompanied by a marked decrease in the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and Bax at both mRNA and protein level, but not of c-fos, vimentin and epsilon-globin, ruling out a non-specific effect of okadaic acid. Furthermore, constitutive expression of either Bcl-X(L) or Bcl-2 by gene transfer inhibited apoptosis triggered by okadaic acid in K562 cells. Thus, we suggest that protein phosphatases may be involved in maintaining the expression of bcl-2 family genes as part of the survival machinery of the cell.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Immunologia, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Luna
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases