title: Proximal bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cause of musculoskeletal symptoms in the proximal extremities of patients who have polymyalgia rheumatica is not completely understood. The diffuse and severe discomfort can only be partially explained by the mild joint synovitis that is observed in these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the involvement of the synovial structures of the shoulder girdle of patients who have active symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 secondary referral centers of rheumatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 case-patients who had active symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica seen during a 6-month period, 9 control-patients who had early symptoms of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis, and 10 age-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder was done on the 13 case-patients, 9 control-patients, and 10 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of subacromial and subdeltoid bursitis was significantly higher in the case-patients (who had polymyalgia rheumatica) than in the control-patients (who had elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis). The frequencies of synovitis of the joints and tenosynovitis of the biceps did not significantly differ between the 13 case-patients and the 9 control-patients. None of the healthy controls showed evidence of fluid accumulation in the joints, bursae, or sheaths of the long head of the biceps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation of subacromial and subdeltoid bursae in association with synovitis of the glenohumeral joints and tenosynovitis of the biceps may contribute to the diffuse discomfort in the shoulder girdle observed in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.
authors.affiliation: Unità Reumatologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Arciapedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilis, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvarani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barozzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macchioni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niccoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Matteis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavlica
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002062:Bursitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology