title: PCDD, PCDF, and PCB concentrations in human milk from two areas in Finland.
abstract: Concentrations of 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and of 36 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) were analyzed from 167 randomly sampled human milk samples from Southern (77 samples) and Eastern (90) Finland. The level of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in human milk in Southern Finland was about 25% higher than those from Eastern Finland. The level of PCDD/Fs in human milk in Finland was the same as in Sweden, 30-50% lower than in milk from Central Europe but about 45% higher than values from Norway or Russia. The PCB concentrations in Southern Finland were at the same level as in the Netherlands, and in Eastern Finland at the same level as in Norway. The levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs decreased with increasing number of children: the third child was exposed to about 70% of the amount of PCDD/Fs and PCBs as compared with the first child, and the eighth to tenth child to about 20%. The congener patterns of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Finnish human milk were similar to the countries of Central Europe, however, the levels of penta- and heptachlorinated furans were slightly higher than in milk from other countries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saarikoski
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomisto
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001942:Breast Feeding; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls