title: Cytokine-facilitated transduction leads to low-level engraftment in nonablated hosts.
abstract: Using a murine bone marrow transplantation model, we evaluated the long-term engraftment of retrovirally transduced bone marrow cells in nonmyeloablated hosts. Male bone marrow was stimulated in a cocktail of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and stem cell factor (SCF) for 48 hours, then cocultured on the retroviral producer line MDR18.1 for an additional 24 hours. Functional transduction of hematopoietic progenitors was detected in vitro by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA from high proliferative potential-colony forming cell (HPP-CFC) colonies. After retroviral transduction, male bone marrow cells were injected into nonablated female mice. Transplant recipients received three TAXOL (Bristol-Myers, Princeton, NJ) injections (10 mg/kg) over a 14-month period. Transplant recipient tissues were analyzed by Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization for Y-chromosome-specific sequences and showed donor cell engraftment of approximately 9%. However, polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNAs from bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood showed no evidence of the transduced MDR1 gene. RT-PCR analysis of total bone marrow RNA showed that transcripts from the MDR1 gene were present in a fraction of the engrafted donor cells. These data show functional transfer of the MDR1 gene into nonmyeloablated murine hosts. However, the high rates of in vitro transduction into HPP-CFC, coupled with the low in vivo engraftment rate of donor cells containing the MDR1 gene, suggest that the majority of stem cells that incorporated the retroviral construct did not stably engraft in the host. Based on additional studies that indicate that ex vivo culture of bone marrow induces an engraftment defect concomitantly with progression of cells through S phase, we propose that the cell cycle transit required for proviral integration reduces or impairs the ability of transduced cells to stably engraft.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Cancer Center, Worcester 01605, USA.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Crittenden
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Debatis
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Quesenberry
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006251:Harvey murine sarcoma virus / Q000235:genetics*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D016207:Cytokines; D017370:Interleukin-11; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D017239:Paclitaxel