Design of a potent combined pseudopeptide endothelin-A/endothelin-B receptor antagonist, Ac-DBhg16-Leu-Asp-Ile-[NMe]Ile-Trp21 (PD 156252): examination of its pharmacokinetic and spectral properties.
The endothelins (ETs) are a family of bicyclic 21-amino acid peptides that are potent and prolonged vasoconstrictors. It has been shown that highly potent combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonists can be developed from the C-terminal hexapeptide of ET (His16-Leu17-Asp18-Ile19-Ile20-Trp21), such as Ac-(D)Dip16-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp21 (PD 142893) and Ac-DBhg16-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp21 (PD 145065). However, these compounds are relatively unstable to enzymatic proteolysis as determined in an in vitro rat intestinal perfusate assay. This instability is thought to be due to carboxypeptidase activity. In fact, incubation of PD 145065 with carboxypeptidase inhibitors greatly increased its half-life in rat intestinal perfusate. By performing a reduced amide bond and N-methyl amino acid scan, it was discovered that N-methylation of Ile-20 resulted in a compound (Ac-DBhg16-Leu-Asp-Ile-[NMe]Ile-Trp21, PD 156252) that retained full receptor affinity at both endothelin receptor subtypes along with enhanced proteolytic stability and cellular permeability. Interestingly, N-methylation of this bond allows the cis configuration to be readily accessible which greatly alters the preferred structure of the entire molecule and may be responsible for the observed enhanced metabolic stability.
Cody
W L
WL
Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. codyw@aa.wl.com
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J X
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Reily
M D
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Haleen
S J
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Walker
D M
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Reyner
E L
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Stewart
B H
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Doherty
A M
AM
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015195:Drug Design; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000737:chemistry; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D009842:Oligopeptides; C106950:PD 156252; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; C076213:PD 142893