title: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor-producing tongue carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leukocytosis without infection in patients with malignancies is known as the leukemoid reaction. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the clinical, biochemical and immunohistochemical findings in a patient with recurrent tongue carcinoma accompanied by marked leukocytosis as high as 96200/ mm3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentration was increased to 204 (normal: < 30) pg/ml, which paralleled to the elevation of white blood cell (WBC) count and the tumor growth. The G-CSF content of the tumor tissue was also elevated (131 pg/mg protein) compared to that in control patients (6.63 +/- 2.63 pg/mg protein). Production of G-CSF from the tumor was evidenced by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody against human recombinant G-CSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the G-CSF production of the tumor participates in the mechanisms of the leukemoid reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Teishin Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor