title: Genetic analysis reveals that PAX6 is required for normal transcription of pancreatic hormone genes and islet development.
abstract: We present genetic and biochemical evidence that PAX6 is a key regulator of pancreatic islet hormone gene transcription and is required for normal islet development. In embryos homozygous for a mutant allele of the Pax6 gene, Small eye (Sey(Neu)), the numbers of all four types of endocrine cells in the pancreas are decreased significantly, and islet morphology is abnormal. In the remaining islet cells, hormone production, particularly glucagon production, is markedly reduced because of decreased gene transcription. These effects appear to result from a lack of PAX6 protein in the mutant embryos. Biochemical studies identify wild-type PAX6 protein as the transcription factor that binds to a common element in the glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin promoters, and show that PAX6 transactivates the glucagon and insulin promoters.
authors.affiliation: Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neubüser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalamaras
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ee
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: German
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005934:Glucagon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006720:Homozygote; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013004:Somatostatin; D005934:Glucagon