title: Cytotoxic effects of recombinant adenovirus p53 and cell cycle regulator genes (p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p16CDKN4) in human prostate cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpressing or restoring the basal levels of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells can suppress tumorigenicity of cancer cells. In this communication, we compared tumor suppressive activities of three well-defined tumor suppressive genes (p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, and p16CDKN2) delivered individually to prostate cancer cells with adenoviral vector (Ad).
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy of growth inhibition by recombinant adenoviruses bearing p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, or p16CDKN2 (Ad5CMV-p53, Ad5CMV-p21, Ad5CMV-p16) genes were tested in vitro on androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (C4-2, DU-145, and PC-3) human prostate cancer cells, ex vivo and in vivo on PC-3 tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ad5CMV-p53 was observed to exert the greatest growth inhibitory action on all of the cell lines tested; inhibition appeared to be cytolytic. In comparison to control Ad5CMV-PA added samples, the growth inhibitory action of Ad5CMV-p21 and Ad5CMV-p16 appeared to be cytostatic. Ad5CMV-p53 is more effective than Ad5CMV-p16 and Ad5CMV-p21 in inhibiting the tumor "take" rate. A similar order of antitumor activity was observed when recombinant adenoviruses were injected intratumorily to previously established PC-3 tumors in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p53 is the most effective tumor suppressor gene to target human prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human; D002455:Cell Division; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000235:genetics*; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000235:genetics*; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant