title: Evidence that cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors suppress interleukin-2 release from murine splenocytes by interacting with a 'low-affinity' phosphodiesterase 4 conformer.
abstract: 1. We have investigated the suppressive effects of rolipram, RP 73401 (piclamilast) and other structurally diverse inhibitors of cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) on interleukin (IL)-2 generation from Balb/c mouse splenocytes exposed to the superantigen, Staphylococcocal enterotoxin-A (Staph. A). The purpose was to determine whether their potencies are more closely correlated with inhibition of PDE4 from CTLL cells, against which rolipram displays weak potency (low-affinity PDE4), or displacement of [3H]-(+/-)-rolipram from its high-affinity binding site (HARBS) in mouse brain cytosol. 2. RP 73401 (IC50 0.46 +/- 0.07 nM, n = 4) was a very potent inhibitor of Staph. A-induced IL-2 release from Balb/c mouse splenocytes, being > 1100 fold more potent than (+/-)-rolipram (IC50 540 +/- 67 nM, n = 3). 3. A close correlation (r = 0.95) was observed between suppression of IL-2 release by PDE inhibitors and inhibition of PDE4. In contrast, little correlation (r = 0.39) was observed between suppression of IL-2 release and their affinities for the high-affinity rolipram binding site (HARBS). 4. RP 73401 only inhibited partially (30-40%) Staph. A-induced incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into splenocyte DNA. The PDE3 inhibitor, siguazodan (10 microM), had little or no effect on IL-2 release or DNA synthesis. This concentration of siguazodan did not enhance the inhibitory action of RP 73401 on IL-2 release but potentiated its effect on DNA synthesis, increasing potency and efficacy. 5. Staph. A-induced DNA synthesis was only partially inhibited by anti-IL-2 neutralizing antibody, whereas dexamethazone (100 nM) and cyclosporine A (100 nM) completely blocked the response. 6. RP 73401 (IC50 6.3 +/- 1.9 nM, n = 4) was 140 fold more potent than rolipram (IC50 900 +/- 300 nM, n = 3) in inhibiting Staph. A-induced [3H]-thymidine incorporation into splenocyte DNA. 7. The results implicate a low-affinity form of PDE4 in the suppression of Staph. A-induced IL-2 release from murine splenocytes by PDE inhibitors. The data also indicate that mitogenic factors other than IL-2, whose elaboration or responses to which are regulated by PDE3 as well as PDE4, contribute to the superantigen-induced DNA synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Dagenham Research Center, Dagenham.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Souness
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sardar
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Withnall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D004247:DNA; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C087566:piclamilast