title: Pharmacoepidemiology of urinary tract infections in Iowa Medicaid patients in urban long-term-care facilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the therapeutic management of Medicaid patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in urban long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) and to link individual therapies to patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records in LTCFs of patients who had documented UTIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient data were collected from 17 LTCFs in the Des Moines, IA, metropolitan area during a 1-year period starting January 1, 1995. Patients with UTIs were selected from the LTCF infection control logs. Data collected on patients included demographics, concomitant diseases, type of UTI (i.e., symptomatic, asymptomatic, catheter-related), process measures for management, UTI treatment, patient outcomes, and follow-up. Patient outcome data were defined as either cure or no cure. A UTI cure was defined as a negative urine culture while taking antibiotic therapy and/or complete resolution of signs and symptoms, as well as no further treatment given within 2 weeks after the end of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected on 310 patients who had at least one UTI over the 1-year study period. Patients were primarily elderly (mean age 82.2 +/- 12.3 y), white (95.1%), and female (83.9%). Concomitant diseases were common and about one-fourth (23.0%) of the patients were catheterized. There were 536 UTI events (the unit of analysis) documented over the 1-year period, with about one-half (45.9%) being UTIs with symptoms consistent with uncomplicated lower UTI. Nearly two-thirds (62.3%) of the patients were cured, based on the study definition; there was no association between cure and type of antimicrobial therapy (p = 0.99). Over one-third (35.2%) of the UTIs were treated with a quinolone antibiotic. Others were treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (24.4%), nitrofurantoin (13.9%), cephalosporin (10.4%), or ampicillin/amoxicillin (9.8%). Sixty-day follow-up showed no association between type of therapy and hospital readmission, physician follow-up visits, or subsequent UTIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no differences in cure rates when comparing LTCF UTI patients receiving various regimens. With outcomes being the same, the clinician should closely consider costs of drug therapy in selecting a treatment preference.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bjornson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rovers
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burian
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents