title: Two distinct pathways of human macrophage differentiation are mediated by interferon-gamma and interleukin-10.
abstract: Forming cellular conjugates with T cells, macrophages can help their targets to mount an immune response or they can destroy the targeted T cell. The two functions are performed by two distinct macrophage subsets that can be distinguished by cell surface marker phenotypes, B7+ CD16- and B7- CD16+. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the former, interleukin-10 (IL-10) induces the latter phenotype. The two macrophage differentiation pathways are mutually exclusive; each cytokine inhibits the effect of the other cytokine. The second messenger cAMP enhances the macrophage B7 expression and suppresses the macrophage CD16 expression. However, together with IL-10, cAMP blocks the generation of both macrophage phenotypes. In the chimpanzee we noted deviations from this differentiation pattern that are suggestive of an enhanced IL-10 presence in the primate environment.
authors.affiliation: New York Medical College, Department of Microbiology, Valhalla 10595, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orlikowsky
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olikowsky
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dudhane
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000242:Cyclic AMP