title: Neuropsychological, psychiatric, and cerebral perfusion correlates of leukoaraiosis in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine neurological, neuropsychological, psychiatric, and cerebral perfusion correlates of leukoaraiosis in Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, a structured psychiatric evaluation, the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, MRI, and single photon emission computed tomography with technetium 99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and regional cerebral perfusion measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with Alzheimer's disease and leukoaraiosis were significantly more apathetic and had significantly more extrapyramidal signs than patients with Alzheimer's disease without leukoaraiosis. Patients with Alzheimer's disease with leukoaraiosis also had significantly lower bilateral perfusion in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and frontal lobes than patients with Alzheimer's disease without leukoaraiosis. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between groups in age, duration of illness, depression scores, severity of delusions, or deficits on specific neuropsychological tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leukoaraiosis in Alzheimer's disease may produce significant basal ganglia, and thalamic and frontal lobe dysfunction, which may be associated with more severe apathy and extrapyramidal signs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute of Neurological Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Starkstein
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petracca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tesón
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chemerinski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leiguarda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime