title: Immune response to glycated and oxidized LDL in IDDM patients with and without renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study autoantibodies to oxidized and glycated LDL in IDDM patients with and without diabetic nephropathy and in nephropathy-related macroangiopathy
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 101 IDDM patients with a long duration of diabetes and 54 healthy subjects. Patients were divided into two groups according to their median urinary albumin excretion rate (AER); the normoalbuminuric group had AER <20 microg/min and the albuminuric group >200 microg/min. The groups were matched for age and BMI, and the two diabetic groups were matched for duration of diabetes and glycemic control. Antibodies against oxidized LDL (using malondialdehyde-modified LDL as the antigen) and against glycated LDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean antibody levels against glycated LDL were higher in IDDM patients (0.305 +/- 0.399) than in healthy subjects (0.166 +/- 0.22 optical density [OD]; P = 0.019), but levels did not differ significantly between normoalbuminuric and albuminuric IDDM patients (0.258 +/- 0.354 vs. 0.388 +/- 0.459, respectively). Among the three groups, antibody levels to oxidized LDL did not differ. IDDM patients showed an inverse correlation between antibodies to oxidized LDL and HbA1 (r = -0.211, P = 0.04). The antibody levels to glycated and oxidized LDL did not differ among albuminuric IDDM patients with or without clinical macroangiopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibodies to glycated and oxidized LDL do not seem to associate with diabetic nephropathy or nephropathy-related macroangiopathy.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland. eija.korpinen@hyks.mailnet.fi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korpinen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Akerblom
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vaarala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012016:Reference Values; D000093844:Glycated Proteins
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C031797:glycated lipoproteins, LDL; D000093844:Glycated Proteins; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein