title: Alterations in skeletal muscle protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity and expression in insulin-resistant human obesity and diabetes.
abstract: Obese human subjects have increased protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity in adipose tissue that can dephosphorylate and inactivate the insulin receptor kinase. To extend these findings to skeletal muscle, we measured PTPase activity in the skeletal muscle particulate fraction and cytosol from a series of lean controls, insulin-resistant obese (body mass index > 30) nondiabetic subjects, and obese individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. PTPase activities in subcellular fractions from the nondiabetic obese subjects were increased to 140-170% of the level in lean controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, PTPase activity in both fractions from the obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes was significantly decreased to 39% of the level in controls (P < 0.05). By immunoblot analysis, leukocyte antigen related (LAR) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B had the greatest increase (threefold) in the particulate fraction from obese, nondiabetic subjects, and immunodepletion of this fraction using an affinity-purified antibody directed at the cytoplasmic domain of leukocyte antigen related normalized the PTPase activity when compared to the activity from control subjects. These findings provide further support for negative regulation of insulin action by specific PTPases in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in human obesity, while other regulatory mechanisms may be operative in the diabetic state.
authors.affiliation: Dorrance H. Hamilton Research Laboratories, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortright
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dohm
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C516841:PTPRA protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4; D009113:Muramidase