title: Acalculous gallbladder disease: US evaluation after slow-infusion cholecystokinin stimulation in symptomatic and asymptomatic adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the measurement with ultrasonography (US) of the gallbladder ejection fraction after slow-infusion cholecystokinin stimulation in patients with biliary symptoms and in individuals without symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gallbladder volumes were calculated in 60 healthy volunteers after a 30-minute infusion of sincalide. The time to maximum response, the gallbladder ejection fraction, and the rate of initial contraction were obtained at US. A total of 100 symptomatic patients were evaluated with this technique. Reference standards included surgical outcome or results of clinical follow-up of at least 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average ejection fraction +/- 2 standard deviations was 80% +/- 30. A fraction greater than 60% was considered to be a normal response to cholecystokinin stimulation. There was no statistically significant sex difference. Slow infusion did not produce any side effects. A sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% for determination of gallbladder ejection fraction at US were obtained in patients with surgical and histopathologic proof of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The slow-infusion method is reliable, safe, and reproducible in evaluating gallbladder contraction. The cholecystokinin-stimulated gallbladder ejection fraction test may be useful in determining which patients could benefit from surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St Elizabeth Health Center, Youngstown, OH 44501, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Agnesi
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schaub
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012844:Sincalide; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D012844:Sincalide