title: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in lung transplant recipients: lack of correlation with airway inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine has been reported to occur in most lung transplant recipients. BHR to physical stimuli such as exercise and non-isotonic aerosols has not been as extensively studied in this subject population. This report aims to assess the presence and degree of BHR to methacholine and hypertonic saline in stable lung transplant recipients and to relate it to the presence of airway inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients undergoing bilateral sequential lung transplantation and six heart-lung transplant recipients, all with stable lung function, were recruited 66-1167 days following transplantation. Subjects underwent a methacholine challenge and bronchoscopy for sampling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, transbronchial and endobronchial biopsy tissues. Hypertonic saline challenge was performed six days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the 16 transplant recipients had positive methacholine challenges (geometric mean PD20 0.18 mg, interquartile range 0.058-0.509) and three of these subjects also had positive hypertonic saline challenges (PD15 = 2.3, 33.0, and 51.5 ml). No clear relationship was found between BHR to either methacholine or hypertonic saline and levels of mast cells, eosinophils or lymphocytes in samples of biopsy tissue or lavage fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the lung transplant recipients studied were responsive to methacholine and unresponsive to hypertonic saline. BHR was not clearly related to airway inflammation, suggesting an alternative mechanism for BHR following lung transplantation from that usually assumed in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liakakos
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bamford
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002452:Cell Count; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D008875:Middle Aged; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D016210:Methacholine Chloride