title: Mechanisms of drug-induced lupus. III. Sex-specific differences in T cell homing may explain increased disease severity in female mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if sex-specific differences in lymphocyte trafficking could contribute to increased disease severity in female mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A lupus-like disease was induced by injecting male and female mice with procainamide-treated T cell clones. Trafficking was examined by labeling the injected cells with 51Cr or 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females developed more autoimmune liver disease and greater titers of anti-DNA antibodies than did males, and 2-7 times more cells accumulated in the female spleens. Splenectomy prevented the development of autoantibodies and renal and liver disease. Oophorectomy decreased the splenic homing, autoantibody titer, and liver disease severity, to levels found in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T cells traffic differently to the spleen in male and female mice, and the spleen appears to be essential in the disease process. This suggests that differences in T cell homing could contribute to sex-specific disease severity in this murine model, and also possibly in human disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stoolman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008806:Mice, Inbred AKR; D011342:Procainamide; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing; D011342:Procainamide