title: HMGIC, the gene for an architectural transcription factor, is amplified and rearranged in a subset of human sarcomas.
abstract: Amplified segments of the long arm of chromosome 12 are frequently observed in human sarcomas. In most cases there are separate amplified regions around the MDM2 and CDK4 genes. Here we show recurrent amplification of a third region encompassing HMGIC, a human architectural transcription factor gene. Reduced amplification frequency of sequences flanking the gene was observed, indicating that inclusion of this third region in the amplicons is also selected for. In three samples only the 5' part of HMGIC was amplified, suggesting preferential loss of the 3' part of the gene preceding or during amplification. In several other samples rearrangement of the gene was observed. Expression analysis showed transcripts of aberrant sizes, lacking 3' sequences, and 3' RACE of one sample revealed replacement of exons 4 and 5 with ectopic sequences. This truncation of HMGIC resembles that reported for translocations of HMGIC in benign tumors, including lipomas, and it is striking that the gene was frequently amplified or rearranged in well differentiated liposarcomas, the malignant counterpart of lipomas. It seems conceivable that high levels of either full length or truncated hmgic could be relevant for the etiology of these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Meza-Zepeda
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Kools
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forus
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Schoenmakers
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Van de Ven
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fodstad
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Myklebost
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors