title: Epidemiology of coagulation factors, inhibitors and activation markers: the Third Glasgow MONICA Survey. I. Illustrative reference ranges by age, sex and hormone use.
abstract: Coagulation factor activity (fibrinogen, VII, VIII and IX), coagulation inhibitor activity (antithrombin, protein C, protein S), and coagulation activation markers (prothrombin fragment F1, 2; thrombin-antithrombin complexes) were measured in 747 men and 817 women aged 25-74 years, randomly sampled from the north Glasgow population in the Third MONICA Survey. Significant effects of age, sex, menopause and hormone use were observed and specific reference ranges are presented to illustrate these effects. Significant correlations were observed between several coagulation factors and inhibitors. Increased levels of factors VII, VIII and IX and decreased levels of protein C were associated with increased coagulation activation. In general, increases in coagulation factors with age were greater than increases in coagulation inhibitors, especially in men; this imbalance may favour increased coagulation activation and hence increased thrombotic risk with age.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Philippou
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tunstall-Pedoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005164:Factor IX / Q000032:analysis; D005167:Factor VII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis*; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005167:Factor VII; D005164:Factor IX; D005340:Fibrinogen