title: Orbital metastases: diagnosis and course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three issues were investigated in adult outpatients with orbital metastases. One, how accurate are current diagnostic methods? Two, what is the survival associated with orbital metastases? Three, did any clinical factors correlate with prognosis in this patient cohort?
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of patients with orbital metastases managed in an ocular oncology unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 of 31 (35%) patients had no known primary malignancy at the time of orbital diagnosis. In eight of 31 (26%) computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging data did not yield the diagnosis of metastases. In 15 of 17 (88%) cases a fine needle aspiration biopsy was diagnostic. Several types of therapy were used. The median survival was 1.3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital metastases, even with newer diagnostic techniques can be difficult to diagnose. Management was based on location and extent of both orbital and systemic disease as well as vision. In most cases, orbital symptoms were palliated; however, survival was dismal. No clinical factor correlated with prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Char
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000592:standards; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000473:pathology; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards