title: A self report measure of affective lability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development and validation of the Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS), the first self report measure of affective lability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential questionnaire items were identified through interviews with patients and families and expert review. Potential items, as well as measures of affect intensity, affective lability in psychopathology, and depression were administered to 99 patients with ALS for item selection and the examination of factor structure and construct validity. Test-retest reliability was examined using an additional sample of 31 patients with ALS, and criterion related validity was examined by comparing CNS-LS scores with physicians' diagnoses of affective lability in a sample of 77 patients with ALS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A seven item questionnaire emerged, composed of two subscales measuring labile laughter (four items) and labile tearfulness (three items). The CNS-LS showed a pattern of associations with affect intensity, affective lability in psychopathology, and depression consistent with a scale measuring affective lability. The CNS-LS also showed good test-retest reliability and internal consistency, and successfully predicted physicians' diagnoses of affective lability. An auxiliary subscale measuring labile frustration, anger, and impatience also emerged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CNS-LS is a short, easily administered, and psychometrically sound measure of affective lability for use with patients with ALS. It has potential applications as both a clinical screening device and a research tool. The need for future research into the relation of depression as well as labile frustration, anger, and impatience to the syndrome of affective lability in neurological disorders is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurologic Study, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gresham
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kasarkis
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D000786:Anger; D003448:Crying; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D007845:Laughter; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results