title: The GS-X pump in plant, yeast, and animal cells: structure, function, and gene expression.
abstract: This review addresses the recent molecular identification of several members of the glutathione S-conjugate (GS-X) pump family, a new class of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters responsible for the elimination and/or sequestration of pharmacologically and agronomically important compounds in mammalian, yeast and plant cells. The molecular structure and function of GS-X pumps encoded by MRP, cMOAT, YCF1, and AtMRP genes, have been conserved throughout molecular evolution. The physiologic function of GS-X pumps is closely related with cellular detoxification, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer drug resistance. Coordinated expression of GS-X pump genes, e.g., MRP1 and YCF1, and gamma-glutamylcystaine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, has been frequently observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Biology, Pfizer Inc., Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010802:Phylogeny; D059828:Plant Cells; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C086860:glutathione transporter; D005978:Glutathione