title: Proliferin induces endothelial cell chemotaxis through a G protein-coupled, mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway.
abstract: To investigate the mechanism of action of the placental angiogenic hormone proliferin (PLF), we analyzed the signaling components in endothelial cells that are required for PLF-induced chemotaxis. Pertussis toxin, which inactivates Gi proteins, inhibited PLF-induced chemotaxis of endothelial cells. Gi proteins can lead to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway; PLF was found to stimulate MAPK activity, and this induction was blocked by both pertussis toxin and a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD 098059. Furthermore, a blockade of MAPK activation prevented endothelial cell movement in response to PLF. As PLF functionally interacts with the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/mannose 6-phosphate receptor, we also examined the effects of pertussis toxin and PD 098059 on another ligand for this receptor, a mutant form of IGF-II; both inhibitors also block the action of this factor on endothelial cells. These data suggest that chemotaxis initiated by PLF and mediated by the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor occurs through a G protein-coupled pathway, and that MAPK activation is necessary for the chemotactic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Groskopf
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Syu
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Saltiel
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Linzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011388:Prolactin; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000634106:Prl2c2 protein, mouse; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D011388:Prolactin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one