title: SH2 signaling in a lower eukaryote: a STAT protein that regulates stalk cell differentiation in dictyostelium.
abstract: The TTGA-binding factor is a transcriptional regulator activated by DIF, the chlorinated hexaphenone that induces prestalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium. The same activity also functions as a repressor, controlling stalk cell differentiation. We show that the TTGA-binding factor is a STAT protein. Like the metazoan STATs, it functions via the reciprocal interaction of a phosphotyrosine residue on one molecule with an SH2 domain on a dimerizing partner. Furthermore, it will bind specifically to a mammalian interferon-stimulated response element. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the entire genomic sequence is known, SH2 domains have not been identified. It would seem, therefore, that SH2 signaling pathways arose very early in the evolution of multicellular organisms, perhaps to facilitate intercellular comunication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shevchenko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jermyn
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Totty
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Zhukovskaya
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D008322:Mammals; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008894:Milk Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D053613:Janus Kinase 1