title: Clozapine in the management of bipolar and schizoaffective manic episodes resistant to standard treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of clozapine in treatment-resistant manic episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases, two with bipolar disorder (manic) and one of schizoaffective disorder (manic), were treated with clozapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clozapine was used after the failure of standard antipsychotics and mood stabilizers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three cases were successfully treated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A controlled trial of clozapine in treatment-resistant bipolar and schizoaffective manic episodes is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Silverstone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine