title: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in Singapore--parental perspectives in an Asian community.
abstract: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is often not openly discussed in Asian societies. We report the parental view of PMNE in Singapore, its impact on patients and their families and the traditional beliefs and its influence on subsequent management. A screening questionnaire was used in evaluating 30 children enrolled in a clinical trial on the use of oral Desmopressin for the treatment of PMNE. Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis was familial in 56.7% of patients. Fifty per cent of them were previously unevaluated. Earlier remedial attempts included bedtime fluid restriction and voiding (100%), incentive measures (43.3%), traditional practices (26.7%), punishment (20%), drugs (16.7%), psychotherapy (100%) and bladder training (3.3%). Perceived causes of PMNE were maturational delay (50%), deep sleep (50%), familial (43.3%), behavioural problems (43.3%) and excessive fluid intake (26.7%). Reasons for seeking treatment included restricted outdoor activities (90%), parental fatigue (86.7%), disrupted sleep for the household (46.7%) and fear of underlying pathology (26.7%). Perceived adverse effects on patients included social stigma (83.3%), disrupted sleep (33.3%) and impaired school performance (13.3%). Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis can thus be a chronic distressing problem in Asian communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murugasu
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004775:Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012846:Singapore; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D012076:Renal Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin