title: Turning of nerve growth cones induced by the activation of protein kinase C.
abstract: Pathfinding by growing nerve processes in the developing nervous system depends on the turning response of the growth cone to extracellular guidance cues. Embryonic spinal neurons were prepared from 1-day-old Xenopus embryos. After 4 h incubation, a repetitive pulse application was used to produce microscopic chemical gradients near the growth cone. A micropipette containing the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, produced a significant growth cone turning response. A micropipette containing adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) also induced growth cone turning towards the pipette tip. H-7, a PKC inhibitor, inhibited the ATP-induced turning response of the growth cone. Our results suggest that the activation of PKC in developing motoneurons may induce the turning response of growth cones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate