title: Experimental spinal fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 without decortication of osseous elements.
abstract: METHODS
  L4-L5 intertransverse process fusions were produced with 58 micrograms, 230 micrograms, or 920 micrograms of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in 20 dogs. Eleven had traditional decortication of posterior elements before insertion of the implant. Nine were left undecorticated. All animals were evaluated 3 months after surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether decortication is a prerequisite for successful fusion in the presence of osteoinductive proteins such as bone morphogenetic protein-2.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recombinant osteoinductive proteins can induce de novo bone in ectopic soft-tissue sites in the absence of bone marrow elements. Traditional methods for achieving spinal fusion rely on exposure of bone marrow through decortication to facilitate osteogenesis. It is hypothesized that the presence of an implanted osteoinductive protein obviates the need for exposure and release of host inductive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced intertransverse process fusions were performed with and without decortication. Fusion sites were evaluated by computed tomography imaging, high-resolution radiography, manual testing, mechanical testing, and histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent of decorticated spines and 89% of undecorticated spines were clinically fused by 3 months. Ninety-one percent of decorticated spines and 78% of undecorticated specimens exhibited bilateral transverse process osseous bridging. The only spines that failed to achieve solid bilateral arthrodesis were in the lowest dose group. With the higher two doses, there was histologic evidence of osseous continuity between the fusion mass and undecorticated transverse processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no statistical differences in clinical and radiographic fusion rates between decorticated and undecorticated sites. With higher doses of recombinant human bone morphoganetic protein-2, there was little histologic distinction between fusions in decorticated versus undecorticated spines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kanim
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kabo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Delamarter
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2