title: VATS for complete dissection of LIMA in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this work is to report our initial experience with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting, using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) to facilitate the operation and provide complete dissection of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 44 scheduled patients, 43 patients, 30 (69.8%) male, ranging in age from 31 to 83 years (60.8 +/- 12.0 years), with a severe lesion in the anterior descending artery, were operated upon. An 8-cm left anterior minithoracotomy was performed at the fourth intercostal space. Through this incision the optical device for video-assisted thoracic surgery as well as the surgical instruments were placed to provide complete LIMA dissection. This permits dissection until the subclavian region, allowing for anastomosis without tension or distortion. Bypass circulation was not used, and the cardiac rate was decreased with the use of intravenous beta-blockers. For LIMA-to-anterior descending artery anastomosis, proximal and distal tourniquets were used and 1.5 mg/kg of heparin was administered intravenously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Video-assisted thoracic surgery provided a complete dissection of LIMA. The 43 patients presented satisfactory postoperative progress, being released from the hospital between 2 and 12 days after their operation, with a mean of 4 days. The patients have remained asymptomatic during a period that ranged from 1 to 13 months (6.3 +/- 3.5 months). During the follow-up, there was one death as a result of stroke and pneumonia 2 months after the release from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of video-assisted thoracic surgery through thoracotomy allows the LIMA dissection without the necessity of other incisions. The procedure also permitted more ample dissection of LIMA when compared with minithoracotomy without video-assisted thoracic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Institute, Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Jatene
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pêgo-Fernandes
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hayata
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Arbulu
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stolf
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalil
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hueb
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Jatene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014741:Video Recording