title: A method of three-dimensional measurement and evaluation of external nasal forms.
abstract: An accurate, quantitative method of measuring external nasal forms was described to evaluate the results of rhinoplasty, in which facial plaster models were measured with a highly accurate contact-type three-dimensional coordinate measurement apparatus. Furthermore, two original programs to identify facial landmarks objectively and to measure the curved surface of the external nasal form in order to evaluate cleft lip nasal deformities were described. These provided accurate and objective data for the facial landmarks and the curvature of nasal alae.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuda
mesh_terms: D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012225:Rhinoplasty