title: TGFbeta2 knockout mice have multiple developmental defects that are non-overlapping with other TGFbeta knockout phenotypes.
abstract: The growth and differentiation factor transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2) is thought to play important roles in multiple developmental processes. Targeted disruption of the TGFbeta2 gene was undertaken to determine its essential role in vivo. TGFbeta2-null mice exhibit perinatal mortality and a wide range of developmental defects for a single gene disruption. These include cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, spinal column, eye, inner ear and urogenital defects. The developmental processes most commonly involved in the affected tissues include epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, cell growth, extracellular matrix production and tissue remodeling. In addition, many affected tissues have neural crest-derived components and simulate neural crest deficiencies. There is no phenotypic overlap with TGFbeta1- and TGFbeta3-null mice indicating numerous non-compensated functions between the TGFbeta isoforms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ormsby
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gittenberger-de Groot
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sariola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cardell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doetschman
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000151:congenital; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000196:embryology; D005124:Eye Abnormalities; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D008648:Mesoderm; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin