title: Coronary vasomotor reactivity among normotensive African and white American subjects with chest pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among African (black) Americans is the subject of intensive investigation but the etiology remains speculative. One hypothesis proposes that inherent, or intrinsic, differences in coronary vascular reactivity and endothelial function predispose African Americans to enhanced vasoconstriction and/or depressed vasodilation, resulting in excess ischemia. The objective of this study was to establish whether coronary vasoreactivity differs among normotensive, nondiabetic African and white Americans with normal arteries referred for coronary arteriography because of chest pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven African American (8 female, 3 male) and 28 white American (9 female, 19 male) normotensive, euglycemic patients with normal coronary arteries were prospectively recruited for invasive testing of coronary artery and microvascular relaxation using the endothelium-dependent and -independent agents, acetylcholine and adenosine; a Doppler tipped intracoronary guidewire; and quantitative coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort consisted of 17 women (44%) and 22 men (56%) with a mean age of 46 +/- 10 yrs. Of 8 African American women, 6 were premenopausal and 2 were postmenopausal on estrogen replacement therapy. Of 9 white American women, 2 were premenopausal, 1 was 46-year old with a previous history of hysterectomy without ovariectomy, 2 were postmenopausal on estrogen replacement therapy, 2 were perimenopausal and 44- and 54-year old, and 2 were postmenopausal without estrogen replacement therapy. In response to maximal infusion of acetylcholine, epicardial coronary arteries and resistance vessels dilated similarly in black and white subjects. Dose-response curves revealed no significant racial differences during submaximal graded infusion of acetylcholine. In response to peak effect of adenosine, there were no racial differences in dilation of the microcirculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease, African American women demonstrate no evidence of intrinsic predisposition to enhanced coronary conduit vasoconstriction or depressed microcirculatory dilation in response to the endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator agonists-acetylcholine and adenosine-when compared with responses of similar white men and women. Because of low enrollment of black males, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn regarding this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Strogatz
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Phillip
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kuhner
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Breisblatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American