title: Evaluation of oral poliovirus vaccine delivery during the 1994 national immunization days in Pakistan.
abstract: Pakistan conducted national immunization days (NIDs) for the first time in 1994. To estimate coverage, to evaluate risk factors for failure to be immunized, and to determine the effectiveness of mass media, parents of 1288 children in 714 households in four districts were surveyed after the first NID round. In each district, a high proportion of children (93%-96%) received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) during the NID. In three districts, unimmunized or partially immunized children were less likely to receive NID OPV than were fully immunized children (Kohistan, P < .001; Quetta, P < .001; and Sibi, P = .05). Although a high proportion of children in each age cohort received NID OPV, in three districts children 0-11 months of age were less likely to receive NID OPV than were older children. Television and radio reached a high proportion of survey households, but other mass media were less effectively utilized. Risk factor and media effectiveness surveys provide important information that is useful for planning future NIDs.
authors.affiliation: Elimination and Eradication of Diseases, Integrated Disease Control Division, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Reichler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aslanian
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Lodhi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barzgar
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008402:Mass Media; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral