title: Sports-related facial injuries.
abstract: Facial injuries suffered by the athlete will range from very minor to extremely complex. Regardless, all injuries can be accurately diagnosed if one is familiar with normal anatomy and conducts a thorough physical examination. Radiographs are then obtained as directed by the physical examination. Specific and timely treatment directed at correcting functional and cosmetic deformities will help to avoid lifelong disability and deformity. With adherence to these guidelines, many of the injuries suffered by athletes can be safely treated by a variety of physicians. More complex soft-tissue and bone injuries should be referred to a surgeon familiar and comfortable with facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Heckler
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013177:Sports; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods