title: Human growth hormone induces system B transport in short bowel syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After massive enterectomy, remnant intestine undergoes compensatory adaptation. A combination of human growth hormone (hGH) and a glutamine-enriched modified diet induces further adaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) on long-term total parenteral nutrition. The specific actions of each component, however, are not well-defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to control, sham operation, or SBS (70% midjejunoileal resection) groups and treated with either hGH or saline. Sodium-dependent uptake of glucose, glutamine, alanine, leucine, and arginine into brush border membrane vesicles was quantitated. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Mucosal mRNA expression of IGF-I and IGF binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4) was evaluated by northern blot analysis using rat cDNA probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamine and leucine transports were 33 and 39% greater, respectively, in the hGH-treated versus saline-treated SBS group (P < 0.05), supporting induction of system B amino acid transport. This upregulation was due, in part, to an 88% increase in glutamine carrier capacity (Vmax) with no change in carrier affinity (Km). Both hGH treatment and SBS increased serum IGF-I levels without direct correlation with increased nutrient transport. IGFBP-4 mRNA expression in small bowel mucosa of saline-treated SBS animals was significantly greater than saline-treated unoperated control values. Mucosal IGFBP-4 mRNA was not significantly altered from control in the other study groups. IGF-I mRNA expression was not detected in mucosa, but weak hybridization was noted in rabbit liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human growth hormone accelerates early adaptation in SBS by upregulation of system B carrier capacity. Serum IGF-I levels and mucosal IGF-I and IGFBP-4 mRNA expression did not directly correlate with this enhanced nutrient transport, suggesting that hGH might exert its adaptive effects by mechanisms that are independent from the IGF system in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iannoli
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sax
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008871:Microvilli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005947:Glucose