title: Hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography and tubal ostial polyps in infertility patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the findings in infertility patients who underwent preoperative hysterosalpingography (HSG) followed by hysteroscopy and to determine the incidence of tubal ostial polyps, their HSG appearance and the results of hysteroscopic resection in our patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight infertility patients were evaluated by HSG followed by hysteroscopy. HSG diagnoses were divided into groups: group 1, normal; group 2, bilateral tubal occlusion; group 3, unilateral tubal occlusion; group 4, filling defects; and group 5, abnormal cavity. HSG findings were compared to the hysteroscopy findings. For patients in whom tubal ostial polyps were found, the findings were described, including postsurgical interval to conception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The agreement rates were 90%, 50%, 69%, 73% and 71% for groups 1-5, respectively. The positive predictive value of an abnormal HSG was 65%, and the negative predictive value of a normal HSG was 90%. Six of 68 patients (11.3%) had polyps at the fallopian tube ostium. Three of these patients (50%) had had the finding of proximal tubal occlusion on the ipsilateral side predicted by HSG; three had had normal HSGs. Four of the six conceived following polypectomy. The mean interval from surgery to conception was 4.5 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSG was a specific but not sensitive predictor of uterine pathology in our patient population. Tubal ostial polyps may occur in a significant proportion of infertility patients and can cause proximal tubal occlusion on HSG. Their possible contribution to infertility and clinical significance deserve further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Novy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005185:Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology