title: Risk for venous thrombosis related to antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus--a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the relative risk for venous thrombosis (VT) associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 articles that examined the association between aPL and VT in SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mostly secondary and tertiary referral centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  2249 patients with SLE, 1120 tested for LA (lupus anticoagulant) and 1563 tested for aCL (anticardiolipin antibodies).
  
  
  METHODS
  A summary of study characteristics and a critical appraisal of study quality were done. Two statistical combinations of 18 primary studies that examined the association of VT and LA and of 14 studies that examined the association of VT and aCL were performed to estimate the risk for VT associated with aPL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratios of the risk of VT related to the LA summarized from 18 studies were 5.61 [95% CI; 3.80-8.27] overall, 6.32 [CI; 3.71-10.78] for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, 11.6 [3.65-36.91] for recurrent venous thrombosis after the first event. The odds ratios of the risk of VT related to aCL summarized from 14 studies were 2.17 [95% CI; 1.51-3.11] overall, 2.50 [CI; 1.51-4.14] for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, 3.91 [1.14-13.38] for recurrent venous thrombosis after the first event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with SLE and LA are at approximately six times greater risk for VT than patients without LA, whereas patients with SLE and aCL are approximately two times greater risk for VT than patients without aCL. We have identified important methodologic limitations and differences in study characteristics. Other risk factors for VT have not been thoroughly evaluated in these studies. Further studies are needed that provide an accurate estimate of the absolute risk for aPL related VT.
authors.affiliation: Service de Medicine H., Nancy University Hospital, France.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Maistre
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lecompte
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thibaut
mesh_terms: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor