title: Ovarian 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone responses to GnRH analog testing in oligomenorrheic insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pituitary-ovarian function in adolescent girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GnRH analog leuprolide acetate was administered subcutaneously to 16 adolescents with IDDM (seven eumenorrheic and nine oligomenorrheic) and 13 controls between 0800 and 0900 h. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h after leuprolide to measure levels of gonadotropins, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androgens and estradiol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline serum LH levels were significantly higher in eumenorrheic compared with oligomenorrheic IDDM patients, while peak LH responses to GnRH analog testing were similar in all subjects. Oligomenorrheic IDDM girls showed, as a group, a distinct 17-OHP response to GnRH analog stimulation, which in five out of nine girls was in the range of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (> or = 8.6 nmol/l). Androgen and estradiol levels were not significantly altered in any group. No correlation was found between steroid levels and HbA1c levels, although the latter were significantly higher in oligomenorrheic than in eumenorrheic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 50% of the oligomenorrheic IDDM adolescents had an increased ovarian 17-OHP response to GnRH analog stimulation in the range of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. Factors other than metabolic control, such as stress, may play an etiologic role in IDDM ovarian dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, Teaching Hospital of Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virdis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zampolli
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Street
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Potau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghizzoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibanez
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide; D009839:Oligomenorrhea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D016729:Leuprolide