title: Thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvesting: technical considerations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Technical details of thoracoscopic harvesting of the internal mammary artery (IMA) are reported. This procedure allows a complete dissection of the left IMA from its origin at the subclavian artery to the sixth intercostal branches with transection of all collateral branches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1995 and September 1996, thoracoscopic harvesting of the left IMA was performed on 32 patients who had undergone a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no conversions to a standard approach because of an injury to the graft and no reoperations for bleeding. The mean duration of the IMA harvesting procedure was 58.7 minutes (range, 20 to 130 minutes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This procedure enlarges the field of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting techniques. The thoracoscopic harvest of the full length of the IMA allows the procedure to more closely replicate the open approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nataf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benarim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavie
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gandjbakhch
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013906:Thoracoscopy