title: Umbanda healers as effective AIDS educators: case-control study in Brazilian urban slums (favelas).
abstract: During a 12-month period (November 1994-October 1995), Afro-Brazilian Umbanda healers (Pais-de-Santo) taught 126 fellow healers from 51 Umbanda centres (terreiros) located in seven overcrowded slums (favelas) (population 104-343) in Brazil's northeast, the biomedical prevention of AIDS, including safe sex practices, avoidance of ritual blood behaviours and sterilization of cutting instruments. A face-to-face educational intervention by healers, marginalized in society yet respected by devotees, which blended traditional healing-its language, codes, symbols and images- and scientific medicine and addressed social injustices and discrimination was utilized in this project supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, National Program in STDs/AIDS. Significant increases (P < 0.001) in AIDS awareness, knowledge about risky HIV behaviour, information about correct condom use, and acceptance of lower-risk, alternative ritual blood practices and decreases (P < 0.001) in prejudicial attitudes related to HIV transmission were found among mobilized healers as compared to 100 untrained controls. Respected Afro-Brazilian Pais-de-Santo can be creative and effective partners in national HIV prevention programmes when they are equipped with biomedical information about AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nations
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003150:Community Health Workers / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D014505:Urban Population