title: Suppression of cyclophosphamide induced diabetes development and pancreatic Th1 reactivity in NOD mice treated with the interleukin (IL)-12 antagonist IL-12(p40)2.
abstract: The macrophage product interleukin (IL)-12 is known to drive Th1 reactions in physiological and pathological immune responses. Here we report that treatment with the homodimeric IL-12p40 subunit, an antagonist of the bioactive IL-12p35/p40 heterodimer, suppresses diabetes development in cyclophosphamide-injected NOD mice. Female mice of 70 days old received cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) to accelerate and synchronize diabetes development, and daily injections of 1 microgram IL-12(p40)2. While there was no delay of the first diabetes cases, the incidence of overt diabetes was significantly decreased in treated mice (46 vs 23%, p < 0.05). Analysis of mRNA expression in the pancreas showed that administration of the IL-12 antagonist had dampened interferon-gamma gene expression, decreased the ratio of interferon-gamma/IL-10 mRNA levels and in parallel suppressed the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. At the same time intra-islet infiltration was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the administration of IL-12(p40)2 also affected IL-12 gene expression, by downregulation of p35 mRNA. We conclude that IL-12 p40 homodimer suppresses diabetes development in the NOD mouse by dampening islet inflammation via selective down-regulation of Th1 type responses. The naturally occurring IL-12 antagonist IL-12(p40)2 represents a new and specific Th1 directed approach to prevent autoimmune diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019281:Dimerization; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase