title: Duplicate cervix and vagina associated with infertility, endometriosis, and chronic pelvic pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Müllerian anomalies are associated with several gynecologic complications including endometriosis, infertility, and pelvic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A woman with duplicate cervix and a non-communicating longitudinal vaginal septum, but no other uterine anomalies, presented with pelvic pain, secondary infertility, and a long history of endometriosis. She was treated with operative laparoscopy and excision of the vaginal septum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thorough evaluation, including history, physical examination, and appropriate imaging techniques (hysterosalpingography and magnetic resonance imaging) facilitates accurate diagnosis of anatomical defects and any associated disease in cases of unusual müllerian anomalies. An accurate preoperative diagnosis allows a planned, efficient surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Keltz
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Comite
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Olive
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000150:complications*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000150:complications*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*