title: Retinoic acid combined with GM-CSF induces morphological changes with segmented nuclei in human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells.
abstract: The effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), either alone or in combination with GM-CSF, on the induction of differentiation of a human myeloblastic leukemia cell line, ML-1, were investigated. ATRA alone caused only slight induction of NBT-reducing activity even at a high concentration (10(-7) M), but when combined with GM-CSF, it led to remarkable increase in the induction of NBT-reducing activity. Synergistic effect of both agents was also observed on morphological changes and the inhibition of cell proliferation. When ATRA or GM-CSF was used alone, neither parameter was changed substantially for long periods of up to 9 days. However, the combination of both agents induced remarkable morphological changes with segmented nuclei and also suppressed DNA-synthesizing activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D014212:Tretinoin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor