title: Flow-function relation in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and reduced regional function. A positron emission tomographic and two-dimensional echocardiographic study with coronary vasodilator stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to elucidate the flow-function relation in chronic postischemic dysfunction during vasodilator stress.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In patients with ischemia and regional dysfunction, stress echocardiography can elicit three responses in the dysfunctioning segments: no change, improvement or worsening. The physiology underlying these responses is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction underwent evaluation of regional function by two-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial blood flow by positron emission tomography and 13N-ammonia. Flow (ml/min per g) and function (regional wall motion score [RWMS] from 1 = normal to 4 = dyskinetic) were evaluated both at rest and after dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg body weight over 4 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 45 normal segments, rest to dipyridamole flow increased from 0.83 +/- 0.22 (mean +/- 1 SD) to 1.87 +/- 0.90 (p < 0.01) with a hyperkinetic contraction pattern. Among dysfunctioning segments, responders (n = 11) showed an upsloping flow-function curve during stress (i.e., increased function [RWMS rest 2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. dipyridamole 1.2 +/- 0.4] and increased flow [rest 0.69 +/- 0.30 vs. dipyridamole 1.89 +/- 1.43, p < 0.01]); nonresponders (n = 20) had a flat flow-function curve during dipyridamole (i.e., fixed function [RWMS rest and dipyridamole 2.6 +/- 0.5] and no flow increase [rest 0.64 +/- 0.24 vs. dipyridamole 0.87 +/- 0.51, p = NS): Ischemic segments (n = 9) exhibited a downsloping flow-function curve during dipyridamole (i.e., worsened function [RWMS rest 2 +/- 0.5, dipyridamole 3.1 +/- 0.6] and no significant flow change [rest 0.67 +/- 0.29 vs. dipyridamole 0.79 +/- 0.23, p = NS]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial segments with rest dysfunction and a contractile reserve elicitable by a vasodilator stress more often exhibit residual flow reserve, whereas segments with a fixed or worsening mechanical response during stress show a flat flow response.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parodi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sicari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marzullo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parodi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004176:Dipyridamole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004176:Dipyridamole