title: Persistence of mammary artery branches and blood supply to the left anterior descending artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial harvesting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is a widespread technique used during minimally invasive coronary operations performed through a left anterior small thoracotomy. The influence of persisting LIMA branches was investigated to evaluate their effect on the blood flow of the left anterior descending artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, 15 with totally (group A) and 15 with partially (group B) harvested LIMAs, were evaluated. All the patients underwent postoperative angiography, during which a flow map of the LIMA was performed. The average peak velocity and the diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio were recorded. The LIMA graft flow pattern was recorded in the proximal and distal thirds of the artery. Intramammary adenosine (12 to 14 microg) was injected and the average peak velocities before and after injection were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average peak velocity was similar in both groups in the proximal and distal thirds of the LIMA (25 +/- 7 and 26 +/- 5 cm/sec, respectively, in group A versus 27 +/- 5 and 25 +/- 5 cm/sec, respectively in group B; p = NS). The diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio was similar proximally (0.78 +/- 0.3 in group A versus 0.69 +/- 0.3 cm/s in group B; p = NS), but not distally (1.72 +/- 0.1 in group A versus 0.97 +/- 0.3 in group B; p < 0.0005). The LIMA graft flow reserve was similar both proximally and distally (2.6 +/- 0.6 and 2.5 +/- 0.3 cm/s, respectively, in group A versus 2.6 +/- 0.5 and 2.6 +/- 0.3 cm/s, respectively, in group B; p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistence of LIMA branches does not influence the blood flow of the left anterior descending artery after acute adenosine-induced myocardial hyperemia. If a left anterior small thoracotomy is used in left anterior descending artery direct revascularization, complete LIMA harvesting is not mandatory and depends on the personal preference of the surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luise
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teodori
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Giammarco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Annunzio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paloscia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barsotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vitolla
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafiore
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D014654:Vascular Patency