title: Nicotine patch therapy in smoking cessation reduces the extent of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the effects of nicotine patch therapy, when used to promote smoking cessation, on myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nicotine patches substantially increase quit rates among cigarette smokers, but their safety in patients with myocardial ischemia who are attempting to quit smoking is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study using exercise thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to assess serial changes in the total and ischemic myocardial perfusion defect size at baseline while patients were smoking and during treatment with 14- and 21-mg nicotine patches. Entry criteria required that patients 1) smoked > or = 1 pack of cigarettes per day; 2) had known coronary artery disease; and 3) had myocardial ischemia (i.e., > or = 5% reversible perfusion defect) on SPECT. All patients performed symptom-limited treadmill exercise, and the baseline SPECT study served as its own control. We interpreted and computer quantified the SPECT images with no knowledge of the testing sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six of the 40 enrolled patients had exercise SPECT at baseline and during treatment with at least 14-mg nicotine patches. These patients had an initial perfusion defect size of 17.5 +/- 10.6% while smoking an average of 31 +/- 11 cigarettes per day for 40 +/- 12 years. A significant reduction in the total perfusion defect size (p < 0.001) was observed from baseline (17.5 +/- 10.6%) to treatment with 14-mg (12.6 +/- 10.1%) and 21-mg (11.8 +/- 9.9%) nicotine patches. This reduction occurred despite an increase in treadmill exercise duration (p < 0.05) and higher serum nicotine levels (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the reduction in defect size and exhaled carbon monoxide levels (p < 0.001) because patients reduced their smoking by approximately 74% during the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicotine patches, when used to promote smoking cessation, significantly reduce the extent of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia as assessed by exercise thallium-201 SPECT.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. johnj@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mahmarian
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moyé
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nagueh
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Benowitz
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Verani
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pratt
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine