title: Plasma YKL-40: a new potential marker of fibrosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein-39, or 38-kDa heparin-binding glycoprotein) is a mammalian member of a protein family that includes bacterial chitinases. YKL-40 mRNA is expressed by human liver and may play a role in tissue remodelling. The aims were to assess whether circulating YKL-40 is released or extracted in the hepatosplanchnic system and to localize YKL-40 in liver tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma YKL-40 was determined by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients with liver diseases (alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 20), chronic active hepatitis (n = 2), cirrhosis of unknown aetiology (n = 2), and fatty liver (n = 1) and in 18 subjects with normal liver function during a haemodynamic investigation with catheterization of liver vein and the femoral artery. Immunohistochemical studies of the localization of YKL-40 in cryostal liver biopsy specimens were obtained from eight other patients with alcoholic liver disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma YKL-40 was significantly increased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (median, 523 micrograms/l; P < 0.001) compared with controls (106 micrograms/l), and plasma YKL-40 in the hepatic vein was higher (P < 0.01) than that of the artery in both the patients and controls, showing release of YKL-40 from the hepatosplanchnic area. The release rate of YKL-40 from the hepatosplanchnic area was higher in patients with liver disease than in controls (11.0 versus 2.1 micrograms/min, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the highest plasma YKL-40 levels were found in patients with a moderate or severe degree of liver fibrosis, and immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining for YKL-40 antigen in areas of the liver biopsy with fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased plasma YKL-40 in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis may reflect the remodelling of liver fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Junge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garbarsch
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002356:Cartilage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D037102:Lectins; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins