title: Patient education in arthritis: randomized controlled trial of a mail-delivered program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-management courses in arthritis have been shown to improve outcomes and to decrease medical resource utilization. We studied the effectiveness of a mail-delivered arthritis self-management program with the potential for extending these effects more broadly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial of 375 program participants and 434 controls over a 6 month period. Baseline and 6 month data were analyzed for each group and between groups by paired 2 sample t test. The intervention consists of health assessment questionnaires at 3 month intervals, with computer processed recommendation letters and reports individualized to age, diagnosis, education level, disability, pain, medication, and other patient-specific variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, outcomes of function (4.7%; 95% confidence limits 2.7, 6.7), decreased pain (9%; 2.8, 15.2), global vitality (7%; 2.8, 11.2), and joint count (28%; 20, 36) were improved in the program group compared with controls (p < 0.01). Exercise (35%; 26, 44) and self-efficacy (14.7%; 9, 20) were increased in the program group but not controls (p < 0.001). Doctor visits/year were decreased by 16% (3, 29) in the program group compared with controls (p < 0.05) and days missed work or confined to home decreased by 52% (-3, 107) in the program group compared with controls (p = 0.06). At one year, patients in the original program group continued to improve, and the control group, provided with the program in the second 6 months, showed improvement similar to the first 6 months of the original program group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mail-delivered arthritis self-management program can positively affect patient outcomes and can decrease medical resource utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McShane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001168:Arthritis / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011177:Postal Service; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods