title: Differential influence of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3 isoforms on cell cycle kinetics and postirradiation recovery of normal and malignant colorectal epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A clonogenic assay was used to determine the effects of the growth factors TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3 on the radiation responses of a normal rat epithelial cell line (IEC6) and a human colonic carcinoma epithelial cell line (Widr).
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiation sensitivity and ability to recover from potentially lethal damage (PLD), of preconfluent monolayer cultures, was assessed in the presence of the growth factors for 24 h prior to, during, and after irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surviving fractions of both cell lines assessed immediately following irradiation were unaffected by TGFbeta1 or TGFbeta3. However, TGFbeta3 (but not TGFbeta1) significantly reduced the amount of PLD recovery in the Widr cells (but not in the IEC6 cells). This was associated with a reduction in the shoulder region of the survival curve, rather than a change in slope. A comparative analysis of the effects of TGFbetas 1 and 3 on cell cycle events in the two cell lines demonstrated significantly more Widr cells in the S phase, in the presence of TGFbeta3 only, compared to the controls. This remained constant both before and immediately following irradiation. In the IEC6 cell line TGFbeta3 produced an increase in the numbers of G1 phase cells, characteristic of a G1 arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems likely that TGFbeta3-induced radiosensitisation in Widr cells, 6 h after a single dose of irradiation, is related to its effects on cell cycle events such that the failure of these cells to arrest in G1, either before or after irradiation, results in significantly reduced recovery from DNA damage. This, however, may not be the only mechanism by which this growth factor produces this effect. Indeed, it will also be necessary to investigate these effects in in vivo models and to determine the response to fractionated irradiation before the potential therapeutic benefit of both the differential effects observed between the two TGFbeta isoforms and also between the malignant and normal cell lines can be fully assessed.
authors.affiliation: Tumour Biochemistry Department, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, CRC Departments, Withington, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Potten
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hendry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta