title: Home-based management of urinary incontinence: a pilot study with both frail and independent elders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The participation of older rural women and their caregivers in a pilot research study on behavioral management interventions for urinary incontinence is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasiexperimental design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women 55 years old and older and living in a rural county in North Florida who had episodes of urinary incontinence twice or more per week were included. Outreach was directed at two groups of elders with incontinence, those who were functioning independently and those who were frail and dependent on caregivers for assistance with activities of daily living.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral management of continence comprised three techniques for the management of urinary incontinence: self-monitoring, scheduling regimens and pelvic muscle exercise with biofeedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures were episodes of urine loss and amount (In grams) of urine loss with time, determined with a weighed pad test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Behavioral management of continence resulted in significant decrease in urinary incontinence; decreases in frequency and volume of urine loss were found among all study participants when data were analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although behavioral management of continence was effective in reducing incontinence among independent, community-dwelling elderly women, there was a marked lack of response to this project by frail elders and their caregivers. The same barriers to implementing time-intensive behavioral management interventions among frail elders in long-term care facilities may operate in the home setting.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando 32816-2210, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bear
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benveneste
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougherty
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012423:Rural Health; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*