title: Involvement of endogenous kinins in the pathogenesis of peptidoglycan-induced arthritis in the Lewis rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pathophysiologic roles of endogenous bradykinin (BK) and des-Arg9-BK on local and systemic inflammatory responses in a rat model of acute arthritis induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Lewis rats were injected intraperitoneally with PG-APS. Selective antagonists of B1 (Lys-[Leu8]-des-Arg9-BK) and B2 (Hoe 140) receptors were infused at 500 microg/kg and 5 mg/kg per day for 6 days, starting 3 days before induction of inflammation, with subcutaneous micro-osmotic pumps. The local inflammatory response was assessed by paw edema, joint swelling, and tissue content of BK and des-Arg9-BK. These peptides were measured by highly sensitive and specific chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays. Systemic inflammatory reaction was evaluated by the hepatic concentration of the type 2 acute-phase protein T-kininogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PG-APS induced significant paw edema and joint swelling 24-72 hours after intraperitoneal injection. The maximal responses to PG-APS observed at 72 hours were significantly reduced (31-38%) by the combination of both B1 and B2 receptor antagonists at 5 mg/kg per day. PG-APS induced a significant increase of BK (up to 5.3-fold) and des-Arg9-BK (up to 4.1-fold) 72 hours after challenge. Liver T-kininogen content was increased by 5.3-, 7.7-, and 5.8-fold at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, after PG-APS injection. At 24 hours, Hoe 140 and Lys-[Leu8]-des-Arg9-BK increased liver T-kininogen content by 43% and 45%, respectively, but they had no effect at 72 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that endogenous kinins are involved in local and systemic acute inflammatory responses, through both B1 and B2 kinin receptors, in the model of PG-APS-induced arthritis.
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blais
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drapeau
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007704:Kininogens / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D007704:Kininogens; D010457:Peptidoglycan; C024626:bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-; C065679:icatibant; D001920:Bradykinin