title: Hyperventilation effect on postural sway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of voluntary hyperventilation (HV) on postural sway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover controlled, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human movement and balance clinical research unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four different groups of normal subjects (n = 6, 6, 7, and 9) and patients with bilateral absence of vestibular function (n = 9).
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial carbon dioxide pressure (tc-PCO2) was measured transcutaneously with surface electrodes. Body sway was measured with a force platform immediately after maximal voluntary HV for 30 to 90 seconds. Recordings were obtained with eyes open and eyes closed, standing on the platform and on foam-rubber, and after head or body movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postural sway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HV increased body sway in all conditions, but the effects were more intense when subjects were standing directly on the platform surface with their eyes closed. Recordings after HV of 30, 60, and 90 sec in normal subjects showed that although CO2 levels were inversely related to the duration of HV, body sway did not increase further. HV also increased sway after active movements by the subjects. The main sway increase was in sway area and mean and maximal deviations but less for mean sway velocity. HV preferentially increased low-frequency sway oscillations. These effects were also present in labyrinthine-defective subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HV increases body sway, but the relationship between CO2 levels and degree of unsteadiness is not linear. The dizziness reported by patients with HV syndrome may be partly caused by objective unsteadiness. The presence of HV-induced unsteadiness in patients with absent vestibular function indicates that the effects of HV are not mediated by the labyrinth.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sakellari
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bronstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008451:Maximal Voluntary Ventilation; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide