title: Tacrolimus (FK 506) overdose: a report of five cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tacrolimus (FK 506), a potent anti-T cell agent, has been shown to be effective in preventing the rejection of transplanted organs. Published research on tacrolimus has focused on effects associated with therapeutic use. Virtually no literature addresses the acute toxicity or the management of tacrolimus overdose. We report five cases of acute overdose with tacrolimus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year-old female with no prior medical history ingested 10 mg of tacrolimus. She remained asymptomatic. A 2-year-old female with a history of multiple visceral organ transplants ingested 11 mg of her tacrolimus. She was admitted to the hospital and activated charcoal was administered. Her renal function was monitored and no changes were noted in a 24 h period. She was discharged. A 29-year-old male renal transplant patient took 150 mg of tacrolimus. He recovered with only a minimal creatinine elevation. A 23-year-old heart and lung transplant patient ingested 375 mg of tacrolimus. She had no effects from the overdose. A 34-year-old female experienced an acute/chronic overdose of 7-9 mg and remained asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus is a neutral macrolide antibiotic that is extracted from the fermentation broth of the soil fungus Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Chronic oral dosing has been associated with numerous side effects. Although these patients ingested significant doses of tacrolimus, they suffered few toxic manifestations associated with tacrolimus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little information is available regarding acute tacrolimus overdosage. In this small series of patients, tacrolimus did not produce acute physiologic incapacitation.
authors.affiliation: Pittsburgh Poison Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Mrvosr@chplink.chp.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mrvos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hodgman
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Krenzelok
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D002606:Charcoal; D016559:Tacrolimus