title: Weekly micronutrient supplementation to build iron stores in female Indonesian adolescents.
abstract: Different supplementation schemes to build iron stores in female Indonesian adolescents were investigated. Subjects were 273 high-school girls allocated randomly to four treatment groups. During a 3-mo period one group received 60 mg Fe, 750 micrograms retinol, 250 micrograms folic acid, and 60 mg vitamin C per day; a second group received 60 mg Fe, 6000 micrograms retinol, 500 mg folic acid, and 60 mg vitamin C once a week; a third group received 120 mg Fe and the same amount of the other three micronutrients as the second group once a week; and a fourth group received only placebos. All subjects were dewormed and supplement allocation was double blind. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 2 and 3 mo of supplementation, and 6 mo after the last supplement. After 2 mo of supplementation, groups supplemented weekly and daily showed similar significant improvements (P < 0.001) in hemoglobin and retinol concentrations, and supplementation for 3 instead of 2 mo did not significantly increase these two indicators. After 3 mo, the increase in ferritin was approximately equal to 27 micrograms/L in the daily and 14-15 micrograms/L in the weekly groups (P < 0.001), the latter having a final concentration of 42-45 micrograms/L. At 6 mo postsupplementation there were no significant differences among daily and weekly groups, but the ferritin concentration was still approximately equal to 10-12-micrograms/L higher (P < 0.001) than in the placebo group. The group supplemented weekly with 60 mg Fe complained less about side effects than the other supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Weekly supplementation with 60 mg Fe and 6000 micrograms retinol for 3 mo was optimal for improving the iron status of the adolescents for approximately equal to 9 mo.
authors.affiliation: Regional South East Asian Ministries of Education Organization Center for Community Nutrition, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Angeles-Agdeppa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schultink
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sastroamidjojo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karyadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron; D001205:Ascorbic Acid