title: Failure of dietary bentonite clay, Silent Herder mineral supplement, or parenteral Banamine to alleviate locoweed toxicosis in rats.
abstract: To evaluate treatments purportedly beneficial for livestock grazing locoweeds (LW), growing rats were fed diets containing 10 or 20% whole-plant Oxytropis sericea (LW) with and without Silent Herder mineral mix (1.5% of diet) or bentonite clay (1.5% of diet). Pregnant female rats fed 10% LW were treated i.m. with Banamine (a prostaglandins suppressor) or saline. The LW contained swainsonine (430 micrograms/g DM) and elicited toxicosis within 10 d at intake of 2 mg/kg BW. In Trial 1, 96 immature male Sprague-Dawley rats (BW approximately 100 g) were fed commercial rat feed (CRF) with and without LW, as follows: 100% CRF, free choice; 100% CRF, restricted intake to equal average intake of rats consuming 10 and 20% LW; 90% CRF+10% LW free choice; and 80% CRF+20% LW free choice. Diets with LW contained either no supplement or supplemental mineral mixture (Silent Herder, 1.5% of diet) or added bentonite clay (1.5% of diet). Twelve rats received each of eight dietary regimens through 28 d. Locoweed depressed (P < .05) feed intake and BW gain, increased (P < .05) relative size of liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, and testes, and altered blood serum components (P < .05) indicating toxicosis. Dietary provision of Silent Herder or bentonite failed to benefit rats that ingested approximately 4 or 8 mg of swainsonine/kg BW daily through 28 d. In Trial 2, 68 young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 230 g BW) were mated and directly assigned to three diets (100% CRF, free choice, 100% CRF, intake restricted slightly below average intake of diet by rats consuming LW, or 90% CRF+10% LW free choice) and two treatments (i.m. saline or i.m. Banamine at .25 mg/kg BW daily for 10 d) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Approximately half (31 of 68) of the impregnated rats were killed at d 10, when Banamine was discontinued, but diets were continued until the remaining females gave birth. Ingested LW provided approximately 2 mg swainsonine/kg BW daily and elicited toxicosis in 10 d, but LW failed to affect numbers of live concepti at d 10 (P > .5) or numbers of offspring at parturition (P > .10). Banamine did not alleviate LW toxicosis of dams (P > .10). Provision of Silent Herder or bentonite in the diet or Banamine i.m. had no benefit for rats fed toxic locoweed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugarte-Stavanja
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Edrington
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hallford
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D001546:Bentonite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010947:Plants, Toxic / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017026:Swainsonine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D001546:Bentonite; D011374:Progesterone; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D002784:Cholesterol; D007501:Iron; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin; D017026:Swainsonine; D003002:Clonixin