title: Peripheral nerve stimulation by time-varying magnetic fields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was performed to assess the stimulation threshold for healthy adults using sinusoidally oscillating gradients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirteen healthy adults were examined in the study. ECG and physiological parameters were measured. All measurements were performed of both the head and the abdomen. The subjects were measured in the supine position with the region of interest positioned in the center of the gradient coils. The measurement was performed for three orthogonal, four oblique, and double oblique orientations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No volunteer reported painful, severe stimulation. The mean thresholds for peripheral stimulation in head and body measurement were similar: 85.5% of stimulation during examination of the head and 87.6% during measurements of the abdomen were reported when the y-gradient was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest frequency of reported stimulations occurs when the y-gradient is used. This was confirmed by the results and supports the hypothesis that orthogonal to the y-axis the body has its largest conductive loop, resulting in the strongest peripheral stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomandl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zeitler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008280:Magnetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016683:Supine Position; D013997:Time Factors