title: Effect of inhaled prostaglandin D2 in normal and atopic subjects, and of pretreatment with leukotriene D4.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is a potent bronchoconstrictor mediator and is found, together with leukotriene (LT) D4, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during the early response to allergen challenge in asthmatic subjects. The potency of PGD2 has not been established in normal and atopic non-asthmatic subjects, nor has the contribution of cholinergic mechanisms to PGD2 induced bronchoconstriction in normal subjects. Mediators released simultaneously may interact, so the effect of pre-inhalation of LTD4 on PGD2 responsiveness was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six normal and six atopic non-asthmatic subjects performed histamine and PGD2 challenges on separate occasions. Eight normal subjects performed PGD2 challenges immediately before and 45 minutes after inhalation of 200 micrograms oxitropium bromide or placebo. Bronchial responsiveness to PGD2 was established in six normal subjects immediately after pretreatment with saline or non-bronchoconstricting doses of methacholine or LTD4 (challenge 1), and again at six hours (challenge 2). All studies were performed in a double blind, randomised, crossover fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGD2 was 25-fold and 18-fold more potent as a bronchoconstrictor than histamine in atopic non-asthmatic and normal subjects, respectively. Responsiveness (PC35sGaw) to histamine and PGD2 correlated significantly (r = 0.917, n = 12, p < 0.001). Oxitropium bromide in a dose of 200 micrograms inhibited PGD2 induced bronchoconstriction by 37.5%, although in two of these subjects no inhibition was seen. Pre-inhalation of LTD4 and methacholine shifted the dose-response curve of PGD2 to the left by 4.6-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGD2 is a potent bronchoconstrictor in normal subjects, which is partly mediated by cholinergic mechanisms in some subjects. No significant interaction was found between LTD4 and PGD2 in six normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Costello
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine; D006801:Humans; D017998:Leukotriene D4; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives
chemical_list: D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D017998:Leukotriene D4; D006632:Histamine; C017590:oxitropium; D015230:Prostaglandin D2