title: Measuring QT dispersion: man versus machine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare manual and computer automated techniques for measuring QT dispersion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of the ability of manual and automatic measurements of QT dispersion to discriminate between a normal group and two cardiac groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 simultaneous electrocardiogram leads were recorded from 25 healthy volunteers, 25 subjects after myocardial infarction, and 25 with cardiac arrhythmias.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each subject, QT dispersion was measured as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT from all 12 leads and separately for only those leads with T amplitudes of > 100 microV and for those > 250 microV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manual QT dispersion (T > 100 microV) was greater (P < 0.02) in the arrhythmia patients (mean (SD), 45 (21) ms), but not the infarction patients (54 (36) ms), than in the normal subjects (39 (13) ms). There were no significant differences when all T waves were included. QT dispersion was significantly reduced by an average of 30% when T waves < 100 microV were excluded, and by 51% when those < 250 microV were excluded. Automatic techniques gave different measurements for dispersion in comparison with manual measurements. Three of the four automatic techniques detected significant differences between normal and both patient groups when no leads were excluded (P < 0.01) as well as when T waves < 100 microV were excluded (with increased significance, P < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of QT dispersion from small T waves increases measurement variability and reduces the potential for detecting clinical differences. Automatic measurement of QT dispersion gives different results from manual measurement, but can satisfactorily discriminate between normal and abnormal groups with good quality electrocardiograms.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Physics Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric