title: The effects of mixing on behavior and circadian parameters of salivary cortisol in pigs.
abstract: The present study describes an experiment that was carried out to study the effects of mixing pigs once at 25 kg, preceded by transportation for 1.5 h, on the behavior and the circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol. The frequency of agonistic interactions was higher for mixed pigs. This was not only the case immediately after mixing, when pigs started to fight to establish a new social rank (p < 0.05), but also 5 to 6 weeks later; still more headknocks and bites towards other pigs were seen at that time among mixed pigs (p < 0.01). However, neither the basal cortisol concentration, assessed as the MESOR of the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol, nor the amplitude of that rhythm was different between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herd Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.d.ekkel@id.dlo.nl
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Ekkel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Savenije
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Wiegant
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tielen
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology; D000378:Agonistic Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012931:Social Environment; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014186:Transportation
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone