title: Treatment of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver by hepatic arterial chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular melanoma is characterized by a high rate of liver metastases and is associated with a median survival time less than 5 months. There is no standard treatment available. Treatment strategies have, without success, relied on the experience with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The only effective treatment is chemoembolization using cisplatin and polyvinyl sponge, which has never become accepted on a large scale. The objective of the study was to establish prospectively the efficacy and toxicity of hepatic intraarterial fotemustine, a third-generation nitrosourea, in patients with liver metastases from ocular melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients were subjected to laparotomy to place a totally implantable catheter into the hepatic artery and received fotemustine 100 mg/m2 as a 4-hour infusion, first once a week for four times and then, after a 5-week rest period, every 3 weeks until progression or toxicity. Cox regression models were used to assess the prognostic role of patient survival characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objective responses were observed in 12 of 30 assessable patients (40%; 95% confidence interval, 22% to 59%). The median duration of response was 11 months and the median overall survival time, 14 months. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) appeared to be the strongest prognostic factor for survival. Toxicity was minimal and treatment could be administered on an outpatient basis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of hepatic arterial chemotherapy with fotemustine produced a high response rate and survival similar to chemoembolization therapy. It involves no major toxicity and preserves the quality of life. To assess further its effectiveness, a randomized study to compare hepatic intraarterial versus intravenous chemotherapy is being planned.
authors.affiliation: Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie and Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. serge.leyvraz@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leyvraz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spataro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pampallona
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dorval
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meuli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zografos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C054368:fotemustine