title: Disposition of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intramuscular injection in juvenile Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus).
abstract: Eleven juvenile Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) weighing 0.75-1.75 kg were randomly divided into two groups. Blood samples were obtained through surgically placed anterior carotid artery cannulas. Six pythons received a single i.m. injection of enrofloxacin at 5 mg/kg. Blood samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postinjection. A mean (+/- SD) maximal plasma concentration of 1.66 (+/- 0.42) micrograms/ml was measured at 5.75 hr postinjection. The harmonic mean half-life was calculated to be 6.37 hr. The second group of five snakes received enrofloxacin at 5 mg/kg i.m. s.i.d. for 5 days. Blood was collected immediately before each injection and at 6 hr after each injection. Over the 5-day period, there was a stepwise increase in mean trough plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin. Clinically effective peak plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were attained after the first injection but did not significantly increase during the sampling period. Pharmacokinetic data were assessed against minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin for Pseudomonas ssp. isolates in snakes obtained from historical data at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Florida. Enrofloxacin should be administered at 10 mg/kg i.m. every 48 hr when treating Pseudomonas ssp. infections in juvenile Burmese pythons. Treatment of infections of more enrofloxacin-sensitive gram-negative bacteria could be achieved with the administration of an initial i.m. dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg every 48 hr.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Papich
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017821:Boidae / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D015363:Quinolones / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin