title: Comparison of habitual masticatory cycles and muscle activity before and after orthognathic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to study the long-term effects of orthognathic surgery on mastication in patients before and after four surgical procedures: mandibular advancement, maxillary intrusion, maxillary intrusion with mandibular advancement, and maxillary inferior repositioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The components and timing of mandibular motion, electromyography (EMG), and estimated biting forces during mastication were studied in 61 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for correction of four different deformities. The data were statistically compared with 38 control subjects using ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, there were no significant differences in the duration of the chewing cycles and mandibular excursions among the groups, nor did surgery have any affect on these variables. Before surgery, estimated occlusal forces in the patient groups were smaller than controls. Although these appeared to increase after surgery, the increases did not exceed changes in our untreated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that, with the exception of EMG and occlusal forces, mastication in orthognathic surgery patients is not significantly different from controls either before or after surgery. EMG during mastication, although significantly lower than in controls before surgery, showed significant increases after surgery, but these increases did not bring estimated occlusal forces up to control levels.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9109, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Throckmorton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sinn
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001732:Bite Force; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*