title: Vigilance and iconic memory in children at high risk for alcoholism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies report reduced visual event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes in young males at high risk for alcoholism. These findings could involve difficulties at several stages of visual processing. This study was aimed at examining vigilance performance and iconic memory functions in children at high risk or low risk for alcoholism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sustained vigilance and retrieval from iconic memory were evaluated in 54 (29 male) white children at high risk and 47 (25 male) white children at low risk for developing alcoholism. Children were also grouped according to gender and age (younger: 8-12 years; older: 13-18 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences is visual sensitivity, response criterion or reaction time were associated with risk status on the degraded visual stimulus version of the Continuous Performance Test. For the Span of Apprehension, no differences were found due to risk status when only 1 or 5 distractors were presented, although with 9 distractors a significant effect of risk status was found when it was tested as an interaction with gender and age (decreased accuracy for older high-risk boys compared to older low-risk boys).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that ERP deviations are not attributable to stages of visual processing deficits, but represent difficulty involving more complex utilization of information. Implications of these results are that the differences between high- and low-risk children that have been reported previously for visual ERP components (e.g., P300) are not attributable to deficits of attentional or iconic memory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhauer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000235:genetics; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012307:Risk Factors