title: T2-weighted hyperintense MRI lesions in the pons in patients with atherosclerosis. Amsterdam Vascular Medicine Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pontine hyperintense lesions (PHL) on T2-weighted MRI have been recognized recently. Histopathological findings resemble periventricular leukoaraiosis, and a vascular etiology has been suggested. We studied the frequency and the associated factors of PHL in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent observers assessed brain MRIs in a prospective cohort of patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis. Only patients in whom both observers scored PHL on T2- and proton density-weighted images, but not on T1-weighted images, were considered to have the lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 229 patients 31% presenting with ischemic stroke, 31% with myocardial infarction, and 38% with peripheral artery disease. Both observers scored PHL in 23% of all patients. Patients with PHL were significantly older and had more lacunar infarcts and periventricular leukoaraiosis than patients without PHL. There were more women, more hypercholesterolemic and diabetic patients, and more cortical infarcts on MRI (P = NS). After logistic regression the presence of leukoaraiosis (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.4) and lacunar infarcts (odds ratio, 2.2, 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.1) remained independently associated with PHL. PHL was more common in patients with ischemic strokes (39%) than in patients with myocardial infarctions (11%) or peripheral artery disease (19%) (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that PHL on T2- and proton density-weighted MR images are often found in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis. The association with periventricular leukoaraiosis and lacunar infarcts suggests that PHL is a variant of leukoaraiosis, with possibly the same pathophysiology. The clinical symptoms and consequences of PHL, however, are not yet clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. i.h.kwa@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Kwa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stam
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blok
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verbeeten
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D011149:Pons / Q000098:blood supply*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution