title: Facial skeletal growth after endoscopic sinus surgery in the piglet model.
abstract: This study examined the effects of varying degrees of endoscopic sinus surgery on the growing midface and snout in pigs. In this randomized, controlled experiment, thirty 40-60 pound pigs were placed in five experimental groups: (1) unilateral uncinectomy; (2) bilateral uncinectomy; (3) unilateral uncinectomy, anterior ethmoidectomy, maxillary antrostomy; (4) bilateral uncinectomy, anterior ethmoidectomy, maxillary antrostomy; (5) unoperated controls. Animals were killed after 3 months and growth was assessed, according to linear and spatial measurements of multiple craniofacial regions. Euclidean distance matrix analysis showed significant restrictive shape alterations in a linear fashion in groups 1-4 (p < .05). These alterations occurred in the surgical field of the snout, midsnout, and maxilla. Endoscopic sinus surgery causes significant restrictive effects in the growing porcine facial skeleton.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1078, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine