title: Carbohydrate supplementation affects blood granulocyte and monocyte trafficking but not function after 2.5 h or running.
abstract: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the influence of carbohydrate supplementation on the granulocyte and monocyte response to 2.5 h of high-intensity running [76.7 +/- 0.4% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)]. Thirty experienced marathon runners (VO2max 53.4 +/- 1.0 mL.kg-1.min-1, age 41.5 +/- 1.4 y) were randomly assigned to carbohydrate-supplement (n = 17) and placebo (n = 13) groups. Subjects rested for 10-15 min before a blood sample was taken at 0715, and then ingested 0.75 L carbohydrate beverage or placebo. At 0730 subjects began running at 75-80% of VO2max for 2.5 h, and drank 0.25 L carbohydrate or placebo fluid every 15 min. Immediately after the 2.5-h run (1000), another blood sample was taken, followed by 1.5-h, 3-h, and 6-h recovery samples. Carbohydrate supplementation had a significant effect compared with placebo on the pattern of change in plasma glucose and cortisol, and the blood concentration of neutrophils (F[14, 112] = 5.13, P = 0.001) and monocytes (F[14, 112] = 4.78, P = 0.001), but not on blood granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis or oxidative burst activity after 2.5 h of intensive running.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. niemandc@appstate.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Fagoaga
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nehlsen-Cannarella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D006854:Hydrocortisone