title: Off-bypass coronary bypass grafting via minithoracotomy using mechanical epicardial stabilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally or less invasive surgical coronary revascularization has gained increasing interest along with new techniques and devices designed for easier and safer procedures. Until recently, it appeared questionable whether grafting techniques with avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass techniques would allow adequate results compared with conventional techniques using cardioplegic arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since June 1996, minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting procedures without cardiopulmonary bypass were intended in 24 patients (19 male, 5 female; age, 60.5 +/- 10.5 years) applying a special system (CardioThoracic Systems, Inc) for internal mammary artery access and epicardial surface stabilization approaching through an anterolateral minithoracotomy. Neither video-assisted preparation nor additional pharmacologic stabilization was applied. Concomitant risk factors and associated comorbidity were frequent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was completed in 23 patients, grafting the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 21) or diagonal branches (n = 3, 1 sequential) as scheduled. In 1 case with internal mammary artery dissection, cardiopulmonary bypass and sternotomy became necessary. Simultaneous carotid endarterectomy was performed in 1 patient. There were two episodes of intraoperative ventricular fibrillation; no other major complications occurred. Postoperative evaluation was obtained in 16 patients (15 by angiography, 1 by Doppler echocardiography) so far and revealed adequate graft function and patency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using specially designed instruments for internal mammary artery access and epicardial surface stabilization, minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting procedures via a minithoracotomy avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass techniques may be applied safely and successfully, even in increased risk constellations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strüber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittwer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruhparwar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harringer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*; D014654:Vascular Patency