title: A prospective randomized trial comparing interleukin-2 receptor antibody versus antithymocyte globulin as part of a quadruple immunosuppressive induction therapy following orthotopic liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quadruple immunosuppressive induction therapy has been shown to markedly reduce the incidence of acute rejection episodes without increasing the incidence of infectious complications after liver transplantation. However, the use of polyclonal antibody preparations (e.g. antithymocyte globulin [ATG]) is associated with side effects such as fever and tachycardia. To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of a monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-2 receptor (BT563) in comparison with ATG as part of a quadruple induction regimen, a prospective, randomized study was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consecutive adult recipients of primary orthotopic liver transplants were randomized to receive either BT563 (10 mg/day; days 0-12; n=39) or ATG (5 mg/kg/day; days 0-6; n=41) in addition to the standard immunosuppressive protocol consisting of cyclosporine, and prednisolone, and azathioprine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated with BT563 had a significantly lower incidence of steroid-sensitive rejection episodes (3 vs. 11; P<0.025) and also significantly fewer drug-related side effects (4 vs. 18, P<0.038) when compared with patients treated with ATG. The incidence of infectious complications was not different between the two groups. Patient survival did not differ significantly between the two groups (84.6% at 1, 2, and 3 years in the BT563 group and 90.2% at 1 year and 87.8% at 2 and 3 years for the ATG group). Analysis of graft function showed an advantage for the BT563 group in terms of postoperative bilirubin levels. However, no differences were observed in long-term follow-up between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that treatment with anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody as part of quadruple induction therapy after orthotopic liver transplantation is safe and effective and shows fewer steroid-sensitive rejection episodes as well as fewer side effects when compared with quadruple induction therapy including ATG.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik, Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langrehr
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nüssler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guckelberger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klupp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinmüller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lobeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meuer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schlag
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Bechstein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; C079843:inolimomab