title: Functional CD86 (B7-2/B70) is predominantly expressed on Langerhans cells in atopic dermatitis.
abstract: Recently, we reported the functional expression of CD86 on cultured human Langerhans cells derived from normal epidermis. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of co-stimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In immunohistochemical analysis, CD80 and/or CD86 were detected on dendritic-shaped cells not only in the epidermis but also in the dermis in the inflammatory lesions of atopic dermatitis (n = 12). CD80 was expressed in only five cases (42%), while CD86 was expressed in all cases (100%). These molecules were not detected in normal control subjects (n = 8). In non-lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (n = 4), CD86 but not CD80 was detected in one case. CD86 was preferentially induced on dendritic-shaped cells in positive patch test sites to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or house dust allergen in atopic dermatitis (n = 4). The CD80- or CD86-positive cells were confirmed as Langerhans cells by double immunostaining using anti-CD1a monoclonal antibody. Neither CD86 nor CD80 was detected on keratinocytes. Similar results of the stronger expression of CD86 over that of CD80 were obtained from psoriasis vulgaris (n = 11) and from contact dermatitis (n = 7), although CD86 was expressed only in 57% of the contact dermatitis cases. The percentage of Langerhans cells positive for CD86 was higher than for CD80, i.e. 48% compared with 9%, respectively, in the epidermis of lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (n = 8). The expression rate of these molecules on Langerhans cells increased in the dermis. To investigate the function of co-stimulatory molecules on Langerhans cells in atopic dermatitis, we conducted an inhibition test with antibodies. Anti-CD86 monoclonal antibody almost completely inhibited T-cell proliferation stimulated with crude extract of D. pteronyssinus in the presence of epidermal cells as antigen-presenting cells, whereas anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody produced less of an inhibitory effect. These data indicate that CD86 expressed on Langerhans cells may play an important part in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokozeki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishioka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000276:immunology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008925:Mites; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins