title: A multicenter study of sleep-wake rhythm disorders: therapeutic effects of vitamin B12, bright light therapy, chronotherapy and hypnotics.
abstract: One hundred and six subjects with primary sleep-wake rhythm disorders [13 non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome (non-24), 76 delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), 11 irregular sleep-wake pattern (irregular) and six long sleepers] were treated with vitamin B12, bright light, chronotherapy and/or hypnotics. These therapies caused moderate or remarkable improvement in 32% of the non-24, 42% of DSPS, 45% of irregular and 67% of long sleepers. A lack of adequate sleep, unpleasant feelings at waking and daytime drowsiness were also improved in DSPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamadera
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019454:Chronotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010507:Periodicity; D010789:Phototherapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D014229:Triazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014229:Triazolam; D014805:Vitamin B 12