title: Clinical characteristics, prognosis, and treatment of pelvic cryptorchid seminoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and treatment outcome of pelvic cryptorchid seminoma (PCS), and to determine whether whole abdominal-pelvic irradiation for Stage I disease is necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1958 to 1991, 60 patients with PCS were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing. They presented with a lower abdominal mass and showed a predominance for the right side. A high proportion of patients with PCS [26 of 60 (43%)] had metastatic disease, compared to 20% of those with scrotal seminoma, and there was a tendency toward a higher frequency of pelvic nodal metastases. There were 34 Stage I, 6 Stage IIA, 11 Stage IIB, 5 Stage III, and 4 Stage IV patients. Of these 60 patients, 56 underwent laparotomy with or without cryptorchiectomy (37 radical orchiectomy, 7 partial orchiectomy, and 12 biopsy of the primary or cervical node), and 4 cervical node biopsy only. All patients were further treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both. Patients with Stage I and II disease received radiotherapy, whereas patients with Stage III and IV were treated with chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall and disease-free survivals at 5 and 10 years were 92% and 87%, and 88% and 84%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survivals were 100% for Stage I, 94% and 87% for Stage II, and 56% and 42% for Stage III/IV, respectively (p < 0.05). Volume of irradiation, i.e., whole abdominal-pelvic radiotherapy (10 patients), versus hockey-stick encompassing paraaortic, ipsilateral iliac nodes and the primary tumor or tumor bed (17) did not influence outcome in Stage I patients. Five patients relapsed within 2-12 years after treatment, and four of these patients were successfully salvaged. Four patients developed a second malignant tumor and died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stage I and II PCS can be adequately controlled by radiotherapy regardless of the surgical procedure. Whole abdominal-pelvic irradiation for Stage I and IIA disease is not required, and fields can be limited to the paraaortic, ipsilateral iliac nodes and primary tumor or tumor bed. We recommend platinum-based chemotherapy for Stage IIB-IV PCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Coucke
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Mirimanoff
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis; D018239:Seminoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy