title: Heterogeneous effects of protamine on human mast cells and basophils.
abstract: To investigate the mechanisms of anaphylactoid reactions to protamine, we have examined the in vitro effects of increasing concentrations of protamine (10(-6)-3 x 10(-4) mol litre-1) on the release of preformed (histamine and tryptase) and de novo synthesized (peptide leukotriene C4 (LTC4) or prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)) mediators from human basophils and mast cells isolated from lung parenchyma, heart, skin and synovial tissues. Protamine 10(-6)-3 x 10(-4) mol litre-1 induced release of histamine, but not de novo synthesis of LTC4 from basophils. At concentrations from 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-4) mol litre-1 it induced histamine release from human heart (mean 6.5 (SEM 1.5)%), skin (17.7 (4.1)%) and to a lesser extent from synovial mast cells, but not from lung mast cells. Protamine also caused the release of tryptase from heart mast cells (12.8 (3.2) micrograms/10(7) cells), but did not induce de novo synthesis of LTC4 and PGD2 from lung and skin mast cells. In these experiments cross-linking of IgE by anti-IgE caused release of LTC4 or PGD2 from human basophils or mast cells. These results demonstrate that protamine acted as an incomplete secretagogue, causing the release of preformed mediators from human basophils and mast cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciccarelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamparter-Schummert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Paulis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001491:Basophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053818:Chymases; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006494:Heparin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011479:Protamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D006494:Heparin Antagonists; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011479:Protamines; D017997:Leukotriene C4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C083294:chymase 2; D053818:Chymases; D053802:Tryptases