title: Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-1/procollagen C-proteinase and related proteins in fibrogenic cells and keratinocytes.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induces increased extracellular matrix deposition. Bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) also plays key roles in regulating vertebrate matrix deposition; it is the procollagen C-proteinase (PCP) that processes procollagen types I-III, and it may also mediate biosynthetic processing of lysyl oxidase and laminin 5. Here we show that BMP-1 is itself up-regulated by TGF-beta1 and that secreted BMP-1, induced by TGF-beta1, is either processed to an active form or remains as unprocessed proenzyme, in a cell type-dependent manner. In MG-63 osteosacrcoma cells, TGF-beta1 elevated levels of BMP-1 mRNA approximately 7-fold and elevated levels of mRNA for mammalian tolloid (mTld), an alternatively spliced product of the BMP1 gene, to a lesser extent. Induction of RNA was dose- and time-dependent and cycloheximide-inhibitable. Secreted BMP-1 and mTld, induced by TGF-beta1 in MG-63 and other fibrogenic cell cultures, were predominantly in forms in which proregions had been removed to yield activated enzyme. TGF-beta1 treatment also induced procollagen N-proteinase activity in fibrogenic cultures, while expression of the procollagen C-proteinase enhancer (PCPE), a glycoprotein that stimulates PCP activity, was unaffected. In contrast to fibrogenic cells, keratinocytes lacked detectable PCPE under any culture conditions and were induced by TGF-beta1 to secrete BMP-1 and mTld predominantly as unprocessed proenzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Solow-Cordero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Greenspan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D055395:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045726:Metalloproteases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism; D011348:Procollagen N-Endopeptidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D045726:Metalloproteases; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C484478:TLL1 protein, human; D011348:Procollagen N-Endopeptidase; C525705:BMP1 protein, human; D055395:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1; D001205:Ascorbic Acid