title: Retinoblastoma protein expression and MIB-1 correlate with survival of patients with malignant astrocytoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regulatory coupling of cell proliferation and apoptosis is suggested by recent findings with regard to certain tumors, such as the finding of tumor resistance to anticancer therapy caused by inhibition of apoptosis. The processes leading to apoptosis appear to be regulated by a variety of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In the current study, the relation between apoptosis and expression of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) was assessed in 50 primary anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs) and 46 recurrent tumors in the same patients as the primary tumors after macroscopic total surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptotic cells were identified by the in situ 3'-end labeling technique. Proliferative potential, pRB expression, and p53 expression were evaluated immunohistochemically using anti-Ki-67 (MIB-1), anti-pRB, and anti-p53 antibodies, respectively. The prognostic value of these biologic markers in AA patients undergoing treatment was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean apoptotic index (AI) was 0.91 +/- 0.70% for specimens obtained at the initial surgery and 2.32 +/- 1.71% for those obtained at recurrence. There was no apparent correlation between the AI and the MIB-1 staining index (MI) in primary AAs, whereas significantly higher AI and MI were observed in recurrent pRB negative cases than in their pRB positive counterparts. The survival of patients with AAs showing a high MI and negative pRB immunostaining was significantly shorter than in the other cases. Neither the size of the apoptotic fraction nor the p53 expression in primary tumor correlated with the overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical outcome of patients with AA may be associated with aberrant pRB function and increased proliferative activity rather than an inability of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53