title: Laparoscopically guided bipolar radiofrequency ablation of areas of porcine liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BRFA) is a promising technique with which to treat unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors. Its effects on normal liver tissue and postoperative liver function, however, are unknown. We performed this study to determine (1) the feasibility of using laparoscopic ultrasound to guide placement of BRFA needle electrodes in the liver and (2) the histopathologic, hepatic biochemical, and systemic hemodynamic responses to BRFA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two BRFA lesions were created in the liver of adult domestic pigs to ablate 8-10% of the normal liver volume. Laparoscopic ultrasound was used to guide creation of one peripheral liver lesion and one central liver lesion (with a major hepatic or portal venous vein branch in the center of the BRFA lesions) in each animal. BRFA of liver tissue was performed by passing 12 W of RF power for 16 min across two 16-gauge active-needle electrodes placed 3 cm apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals survived the procedure without significant hemodynamic alterations during or after BRFA. All animals had a transient elevation in serum transaminase levels that returned to normal within 1 week of the BRFA of liver tissue. Gross and microscopic histopathology of the BRFA lesions revealed 2.0-2.5-cm zones of complete coagulative necrosis around and between the BRFA needle tracks without destruction of major blood vessel walls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates (1) that laparoscopic ultrasound can be used to guide placement of BRFA needles in the liver and (2) that BRFA produces focal destruction of liver without significant systemic hemodynamic responses or alterations in liver function. Further studies of this technique to ablate malignant liver tumors are ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Box 106, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Curley
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tinkey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cromeens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004566:Electrodes; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D013552:Swine