title: Determination of HLA-A,B residue mismatch acceptability for kidneys transplanted into highly sensitized patients: a report of a collaborative study conducted during the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop, a collaborative study between 35 laboratories was conducted on a group of highly allosensitized patients who had received a kidney transplant from 1981 to 1995. The major goal of the study was to assess how serum screening against a large cell panel could determine donor HLA mismatch acceptability in relation to graft outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty laboratories participated in an extensive screening of 92 high panel-reactive antibody (PRA) sera from patients at 29 transplant centers worldwide; each patient had received a kidney allograft from an HLA-A,B mismatched unrelated donor. Screening was done by complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity and antihuman globulin augmentation techniques using a common protocol and shared standardized reagents. After an extensive quality-control assessment, we selected data from 14 participants who had screened the sera against a combined panel of 535 HLA-typed cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the 2x2 table-based Multiscreen computer program, we could readily determine for virtually every patient the significant correlations between serum reactivity and the presence of panel cell markers, including private and public HLA-A,B epitopes and amino acid residues assigned from published sequencing data. Donor mismatch acceptability was assessed at the amino acid residue level. In the complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity (n=49; PRA=84.1+/-12.1%) and antihuman globulin (n=60; PRA=92.5+/-5.8%) groups, the 3-month graft survivals were 28% and 30% lower for unacceptable residue mismatches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies underscore the importance of a comprehensive serum screening analysis in the selection of appropriately mismatched donors for highly sensitized transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation Pathology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Duquesnoy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrari
mesh_terms: D000918:Antibody Specificity; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011786:Quality Control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens