title: Interleukin-6 upregulates GP96 expression in breast cancer.
abstract: Interleukin-6 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Expression of GP96, a glucose regulated stress protein, is related to drug resistance in tumor cells. Interleukin-6 has previously been shown to induce GP96 expression in a murine myeloblastic cell line. BT474 or MDA-MB231 cells were incubated with recombinant Interleukin-6 (100 to 750 U/ml) for 24 hr. To establish a time course for GP96 induction, MDA-MB231 cells were incubated with 250 U/ml recombinant interleukin-6 for 0-48 hr. Following incubation, cells were washed twice in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell lysates were prepared by adding 100 microliters of PBS and freezing at -20 degrees C. GP96 was assessed by immunoblotting. Breast tumor tissue and histologically normal breast tissue were obtained within 1 hr of resection and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissue was homogenized in ice-cold PBS and cell debris was pelleted by centrifugation at 300g at 4 degrees C for 5 min. Supernatants were collected and assayed for interleukin-6 by ELISA, and GP96 by immunoblotting. Both interleukin-6 (P < 0.001) and GP96 are elevated in breast tumor tissue compared to histologically normal tissue. Interleukin-6 (> or = 250 U/ml for > or = 12 hr) induces GP96 in the metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB231, but has no effect on GP96 levels in the primary cell line, BT474. Elevated interleukin-6 in breast tumors may induce GP96 expression in tumor cells conferring a survival advantage by rendering them resistant to cytotoxic therapy and other forms of stress.
authors.affiliation: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Haverty
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Harmey
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bouchier-Hayes
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012016:Reference Values; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C053387:endoplasmin