title: Development of a microcontroller-based automatic control system for the electrohydraulic total artificial heart.
abstract: An automatic physiological control system for the actively filled, alternately pumped ventricles of the volumetrically coupled, electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) was developed for long-term use. The automatic control system must ensure that the device: 1) maintains a physiological response of cardiac output, 2) compensates for an nonphysiological condition, and 3) is stable, reliable, and operates at a high power efficiency. The developed automatic control system met these requirements both in vitro, in week-long continuous mock circulation tests, and in vivo, in acute open-chested animals (calves). Satisfactory results were also obtained in a series of chronic animal experiments, including 21 days of continuous operation of the fully automatic control mode, and 138 days of operation in a manual mode, in a 159-day calf implant.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Heart Research Laboratory, Seoul National University, Korea.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Khanwilkar
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bearnson
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006354:Heart, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008838:Microcomputers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012985:Software Design; D013997:Time Factors; D014160:Transducers, Pressure