title: Effect of centrifuge speed, refrigeration medium, and sperm washing medium on cryopreserved sperm quality after thawing.
abstract: Cryopreservation and subsequent thawing of semen for assisted reproductive procedures decreases sperm motility; motility further reduces when the cryoprotectant medium is removed because of the osmotic shock and centrifugation done to prepare the sperm. To compare motility and thus pregnancy rates, this study examined the effects of adding an additional refrigeration medium and three different centrifugation speeds for sperm preparation. Semen samples from 16 healthy normal volunteers were obtained by masturbation after 48 h of abstinence. Sperm motility and other motion characteristics were analyzed with a computer-assisted semen analyzer before freezing, after thawing, and after centrifugation. Each sample was divided into 6 aliquots and frozen using the liquid nitrogen vapor method. After thawing, human tubal fluid (HTF) with 5% human serum albumin was added to 3 aliquots, and refrigeration medium (identical to freezing medium without glycerol) was added to the remaining 3 tubes for each specimen. The tubes containing the two media were then washed by centrifugation at 100 g, 300 g, and 500 g for 10 min. Aliquots with refrigeration medium did not significantly differ from those with HTF for percent motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement at any centrifugation speed. Motile sperm count was significantly greater only at 100 g and 300 g for refrigeration medium (p = .02 and .01) and HTF (p = 0.001); at 300 g, average path velocity in refrigeration medium aliquots (p = .01) and linearity in HTF (p = .01) were greater. The results indicated that the reduction in motility and other motion characteristics probably cannot be overcome by changing factors such as the sperm preparation medium or centrifugation speed. More effective cryopreservation techniques or preparation methods that eliminate centrifugation need to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vemulapalli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D002498:Centrifugation; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012034:Refrigeration; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media