title: IkappaB alpha is a target for the mitogen-activated 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase.
abstract: The activity of transcription factor NFkappaB is regulated by its subcellular localization. In most cell types, NFkappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm due to binding of the inhibitory protein IkappaB alpha. Stimulation of cells with a wide variety of agents results in degradation of IkappaB alpha which allows translocation of NFkappaB to the nucleus. Degradation of IkappaB alpha is triggered by phosphorylation of two serine residues, i.e. Ser32 and Ser36, by as yet unknown kinases. Here we report that the mitogen-activated 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90rsk1) is an IkappaB alpha kinase. p90rsk1 phosphorylates IkappaB alpha at Ser32 and it physically associates with IkappaB alpha in vivo. Moreover, when the function of p90rsk1 is impaired by expression of a dominant-negative mutant, IkappaB alpha degradation in response to mitogenic stimuli, e.g. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), is inhibited. Finally, NFkappaB cannot be activated by TPA in cell lines that have low levels of p90rsk1. We conclude that p90rsk1 is an essential kinase required for phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB alpha in response to mitogens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vertegaal
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Whiteside
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Israël
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toebes
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dorsman
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Eb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zantema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008934:Mitogens; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D012694:Serine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate