title: Herniated intervertebral disc without pain.
abstract: The diagnosis of herniated intervertebral disc is often made in cases of radicular pain in the low back, the neck, or sciatica or brachialgia. Practitioners often call upon radiologic imaging to confirm this diagnosis. But on radiologic examination, such a herniation may consist of a bulge, protrusion, prolapse, extension, extrusion or sequestration of this disc. We define and illustrate these terms from the literature. We then review the radiologic studies of normal controls, who have never had sciatica, brachialgia or pain in the low back or neck. In over one-quarter of these controls, studies using the plain x-ray, CT scan, myelogram, and MRI show various radiologic signs of a herniated intervertebral disc. We therefore recommend that practitioners should not exclusively rely on radiologic imaging to confirm the clinical diagnosis of a herniated intervertebral disc.
authors.affiliation: Barrow Neurological Institute of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hodak
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology