title: Aspartate/glutamate-enriched blood does not improve myocardial energy metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in isolated pig hearts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to test the effects of exogenous L-aspartate and L-glutamate on myocardial energy metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phosphorus 31-magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to observe cellular energetics and intracellular pH in isolated pig hearts perfused with blood (group A, n = 8) or blood enriched with 13 mmol/L each of L-aspartate and L-glutamate (group B, n = 6). The hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of total normothermic ischemia and then reperfused for 40 minutes. Two hearts from each group were inotropically stimulated by titration with calcium after normokalemic reperfusion. Left ventricular function was measured with the use of a compliant balloon and oxygen consumption was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed no decrease in the rate of energy decline during ischemia for group B versus group A. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of myocardial function, oxygen consumption, or the rate or extent of high-energy phosphate recovery after normokalemic reperfusion or inotropic stimulation. Inotropic stimulation of postischemic hearts, however, led to dramatic improvement in myocardial function in both groups (p < 0.05 for all parameters) and significant improvement in oxygen consumption (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a normal, isolated, blood-perfused pig heart subjected to 30 minutes of total normothermic ischemia, (1) enrichment of the perfusate with aspartate/glutamate before and after ischemia affects neither myocardial energy metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion nor postischemic recovery of myocardial function or oxygen consumption and (2) inotropic stimulation can recruit significant postischemic function and sufficient aerobic respiration to support it, irrespective of aspartate/glutamate enrichment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biodiagnostic, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ghomeshi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Hoffenberg
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deslauriers
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D005971:Glutamates; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate