title: Cellular aspects of HIV-1 infection of macrophages leading to neuronal dysfunction in in vitro models for HIV-1 encephalitis.
abstract: HIV-1 is a hematogenously spread virus that most likely gains entry into the brain within blood-derived macrophages. Indeed, productive viral replication selectively occurs within perivascular and parenchymal blood-derived macrophages and microglia and HIV-infected macrophages have increased potential to bind and transmigrate through the blood-brain barrier. Once inside the brain, HIV-infected macrophages secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that display neuromodulatory and neurotoxic activities in several in vitro models for HIV-1 encephalitis. The final outcome regarding neuronal function and cell loss is regulated through intercellular interactions between these virus-infected cells and astrocytes. In this regard, both HIV-induced intracellular events in macrophages and interactions between HIV-infected macrophages and brain cells are reviewed as factors that might lead to neuronal injury in in vitro model systems for HIV-1 encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman-Winkler Institute, Section Neuroviroimmunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nottet
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bär
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Hassel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Boven
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000821:virology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000821:virology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication