title: Woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced carcinoma as a relevant natural model for therapy of human hepatoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eastern American woodchuck (Marmota monax), naturally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus, a virus similar to human hepatitis B virus, develops liver cancer with a high prevalence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to assess Marmota monax as a model of human hepatocellular carcinoma, especially to assess new potential adjuvant therapies after surgical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected animals were regularly screened by ultrasound examination from the age of 18 months and for a 30-month period. One or more liver tumors were diagnosed in 31 animals (70%). Five of them with multifocal tumor or poor general status were considered unsuitable for surgery. The other 26 were operated on. At laparotomy no tumor was found in three.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 18 liver tumors studied were hepatocellular carcinomas, grossly and microscopically similar to human hepatocellular carcinoma. Peritumoral parenchyma studied in 13 specimens was always non-cirrhotic but adequate staining demonstrated patterns of fibrosis in four cases. Clear evidence of chronic active hepatitis, periportal hepatitis and steatosis were demonstrated in five, seven and one of the 13 specimens, respectively. Tumors were treated by tumorectomy in eight animals, by alcoholization in seven and by laser photocoagulation in one. A simple tumor biopsy was performed in the other seven. Ten animals died postoperatively. All the survivors in the tumorectomy group died from tumor recurrence within 10-18 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced liver carcinoma is a natural model of human hepatocellular carcinoma with similar pathology and natural history, including early ultrasonic detection and tumor recurrence after resection. Tumor excision is feasible in this animal model, which now provides the basis for assessment of new potential adjuvant therapies for human hepatocellular carcinoma in an attempt to reduce the high recurrence rate after surgical resection in humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche en Pathologie Hépatique et Pancréatique, Département de Chirurgie, Hôtel Dieu, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gouillat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manganas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zoulim
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vitrey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saguier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillaud
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duque-Campos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jamard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Praves
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trepo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000662:veterinary*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017919:Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008392:Marmota; D014463:Ultrasonography