title: Compartmentalization of angiotensin II generation in the dog heart. Evidence for independent mechanisms in intravascular and interstitial spaces.
abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have beneficial effects that are presumably mediated by decreased angiotensin II (ANG II) production. In this study, we measure for the first time ANG I and ANG II levels in the interstitial fluid (ISF) space of the heart. ISF and aortic plasma ANG I and II levels were obtained at baseline, during intravenous infusion of ANG I (5 microM, 0.1 ml/min, 60 min), and during ANG I + the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (cap) (2.5 mM, 0.1 ml/min, 60 min) in six anesthetized open-chested dogs. ISF samples were obtained using microdialysis probes inserted into the left ventricular myocardium (3-4 probes/dog). ANG I increased mean arterial pressure from 102+/-3 (SEM) to 124+/-3 mmHg (P < 0.01); addition of cap decreased MAP to 95+/-3 mmHg (P < 0.01). ANG I infusion increased aortic plasma ANG I and ANG II (pg/ml) (ANG I = 101+/-129 to 370+/-158 pg/ml, P < 0.01; and ANG II = 22+/-40 to 466+/-49, P < 0.01); addition of cap further increased ANG I (1,790+/-158, P < 0.01) and decreased ANG II (33+/-49, P < 0.01). ISF ANG I and ANG II levels (pg/ml) were > 100-fold higher than plasma levels, and did not change from baseline (8,122+/-528 and 6,333+/-677), during ANG I (8,269+/-502 and 6, 139+/-695) or ANG I + cap (8,753+/-502 and 5,884+/-695). The finding of very high ANG I and ANG II levels in the ISF vs. intravascular space that are not affected by IV ANG I or cap suggests that ANG II production and/or degradation in the heart is compartmentalized and mediated by different enzymatic mechanisms in the interstitial and intravascular spaces.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dell'Italia
authors.forename: Q C
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balcells
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hageman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hankes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oparil
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D000804:Angiotensin II; C010980:hippuryl-histidyl-leucine; D000803:Angiotensin I; D002216:Captopril; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A