title: Influence of substrate material and surface finishing on the morphology of the calcium-phosphate coating.
abstract: The formation of an apatite-like layer was achieved by immersing Ti-6A1-4V, Ti-Al-2.5Fe, and 316 L stainless-steel substrata in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). The layer was characterized by surface analysis techniques, namely X-ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction, and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The concentrations of Ca and P were monitored as a function of time. The morphology of the precipitate layer seems to be dependent both on the type of metal substrate and its surface finish. Polished Ti-6A1-4V and Ti-Al-2.5Fe surfaces exhibit a plate precipitate morphology, whereas rougher surfaces show scattered crystal-like precipitation. The results suggest that the layer produced by immersion of polished titanium alloys in HBSS is constituted by an amorphous apatite.
authors.affiliation: INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica/FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leitão
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000535:Aluminum; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007501:Iron; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C072670:Hanks Balanced Salt Solution; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D013193:Stainless Steel; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000535:Aluminum; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous