title: Dystonic reaction associated with dextromethorphan ingestion in a toddler.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accidental ingestions of cough and cold preparations containing dextromethorphan (DM) are common in the toddler age group and rarely have serious consequences. Even large intentional overdoses by adults seldom lead to serious morbidity. There have been no previous reports of an extrapyramidal reaction due to a DM ingestion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 30-month-old girl who ingested approximately 38 mg/kg dextromethorphan. She presented with opisthotonus, ataxia, and bidirectional nystagmus. There was no change in her status with the administration of naloxone. The child was given diphenhydramine with clearing of her opisthotonus but persistence of her ataxia and nystagmus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate ingestion of dextromethorphan in a toddler resulted in extrapyramidal symptoms with opisthotonus that responded to diphenhydramine. Dextromethorphan is known to have complex CNS effects and, in sufficient doses, may have dopamine receptor blocking activity resulting in this dystonic reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Diekema
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000506:poisoning*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced; D011041:Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D004155:Diphenhydramine