The GS-X pump in plant, yeast, and animal cells: structure, function, and gene expression.
This review addresses the recent molecular identification of several members of the glutathione S-conjugate (GS-X) pump family, a new class of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters responsible for the elimination and/or sequestration of pharmacologically and agronomically important compounds in mammalian, yeast and plant cells. The molecular structure and function of GS-X pumps encoded by MRP, cMOAT, YCF1, and AtMRP genes, have been conserved throughout molecular evolution. The physiologic function of GS-X pumps is closely related with cellular detoxification, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer drug resistance. Coordinated expression of GS-X pump genes, e.g., MRP1 and YCF1, and gamma-glutamylcystaine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, has been frequently observed.
Ishikawa
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Department of Medicinal Biology, Pfizer Inc., Aichi, Japan.
Li
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ZS
Lu
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YP
Rea
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PA
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010802:Phylogeny; D059828:Plant Cells; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C086860:glutathione transporter; D005978:Glutathione