Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate generated by phospholipases C and D, respectively, have distinct fatty acid compositions and functions. Phospholipase D-derived diacylglycerol does not activate protein kinase C in porcine aortic endothelial cells.
Stimulation of cells with certain agonists often activates both phospholipases C and D. These generate diacylglycerol and phosphatidate, respectively, although the two lipids are also apparently interconvertable through the actions of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and diacylglycerol kinase. Diacylglycerol activates protein kinase C while one role for phosphatidate is the activation of actin stress fiber formation. Therefore, if the two lipids are interconvertable, it is theoretically possible that an uncontrolled signaling loop could arise. To address this issue structural analysis of diacylglycerol, phosphatidate, and phosphatidylbutanol (formed in the presence of butan-1-ol) from both Swiss 3T3 and porcine aortic endothelial cells was performed. This demonstrated that phospholipase C activation generates primarily polyunsaturated species while phospholipase D activation generates saturated/monounsaturated species. In the endothelial cells, where phospholipase D was activated by lysophosphatidic acid independently of phospholipase C, there was no activation of protein kinase C. Thus we propose that only polyunsaturated diacylglycerols and saturated/monounsaturated phosphatidates function as intracellular messengers and that their interconversion products are inactive.
Pettitt
T R
TR
Institute for Cancer Studies, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
Martin
A
A
Horton
T
T
Liossis
C
C
Lord
J M
JM
Wakelam
M J
MJ
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001839:Bombesin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D051379:Mice; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*
C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D004075:Diglycerides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; C068564:phosphatidylbutanol; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D010739:Phospholipase D; D001839:Bombesin