title: [Video-assisted endoscopic lifting: development].
abstract: Now the Endoscope is used differently in video-assisted Face-lifts. Authors describe their evolution for 2 years and a half. In the beginning. It was used to correct glabellar frowns. Then, the endoscope served to elevate the forehead by a subperiosteal approach. Sometime it was combined with a subperiosteal malar dissection in an Endoscopic full face-lift. Bad results on the eyebrows and eyelids complications involved the authors to modify their strategy: By changing the dynamic of muscles: lateral section of the orbicularis occuli muscle arises the frontal muscle to definitely lift up the eyebrow: this is called the "myotomy box"; by preferring a subgaleal, retro-orbicularis dissection, under the malar fat pad and the platysma muscle in a deep plane but always above the zygomaticus major muscle, protector of the facial nerve in the buccal space; by developing new endodissectors efficient and less aggressive to spread the deep planes without damage; by an acute control of the fronto-temporal and cervico-facial deep dissection using new endoscopic valves; by treating precise damaged areas with Limited Endoscopic Face-Lifts in a same harmonious deep dissection instead of large multiplanar underminnings.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raspaldo
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors