title: Elicitor actions of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides and laminarioligosaccharides for chitinase and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase induction in rice suspension culture.
abstract: When a series of chitin oligosaccharides was added into a rice suspension culture, N-acetylchitohexaose, N-acetylchitopentaose, and N-acetylchitotetraose caused an increase in extracellular chitinase activity, mainly due to induction of a class III chitinase. In the case of N-acetylchitohexaose, a substantial increase in the chitinase activity was observed at a concentration higher than 0.01 micrograms/ml, and a maximum effect was reached at 1 microgram/ml. In contrast, N-acetylchitotriose, N-acetylchitobiose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and chitohexaose (a chitosan oligosaccharide) were not very effective. Chitinase induction was also observed with laminarihexaose (a beta-1,3-glucan oligosaccharide), but about a 10-fold higher concentration, compared with N-acetylchitohexaose, was needed to get the maximum effect. beta-1,3-Glucanase activity was found in cells (but not in medium), and the activity was increased by neither N-acetylchitohexaose nor laminarihexaose. When cells were incubated with N-acetylchitohexaose, L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased promptly. A biphasic profile was obtained when a dose-dependent effect of the elicitor on the PAL induction was examined; the first phase was observed in a range from 0.01 to 1 microgram/ml and the second phase from 3 to 300 micrograms/ml. Laminarihexaose also acted as an elicitor for PAL induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002686:Chitin / Q000378:metabolism; D002688:Chitinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D002686:Chitin; C086571:laminarihexaose; C056529:N-acetylchitohexaose; D002688:Chitinases; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase