title: [Transesophageal echocardiographic findings of cortical and perforating infarctions in patients with atrial fibrillation].
abstract: The predictive value of transesophageal echocardiography was investigated for the risk stratification of atherothrombotic or embolic cerebral infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation. Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast, peak flow velocity in the left atrial appendage and generalized atherosclerosis as estimated by the intima-media wall thickness of the thoracic aorta were assessed by transesophageal echocardiography in consecutive patients with paroxysmal (n = 25) or chronic (n = 60) atrial fibrillation (mean [+/-SD] age; 63 +/- 11 years). All patients underwent brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the presence or absence of cerebral infarction. The location of cerebral infarction was divided into two territories, the cortical branch (cortical infarction) and deep perforators (perforating infarction), to evaluate embolic and atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, respectively. Cortical and perforating infarctions were found in 42% and 16% of all patients, respectively. The grade of spontaneous echo contrast was higher in patients with cortical infarction than in those without cortical infarction. Patients with perforating infarction showed thicker aortic wall compared with patients without perforating infarction. Other parameters had no predictive value to differentiate perforating from cortical infarctions. Multiple regression analysis revealed that spontaneous echo contrast and age were independent predictors of embolic cortical infarction, whereas intima-media wall thickness of the aorta and hypertension were useful in predicting the risk of atherothrombotic perforating infarction. Transesophageal echocardiography is useful for predicting embolic cortical infarction and atherothrombotic perforating infarction.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinokawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asanoi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors