title: Efficacy of prophylactic sclerotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and varices negative for the red color sign.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective randomized controlled study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by esophageal varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects included 58 patients with esophageal varices negative for the red color sign and hepatocellular carcinoma without tumor emboli in the portal trunk or primary portal branches. Patients were randomly assigned to prophylactic sclerotherapy (n = 29) or control (n = 29) groups, and their bleeding and survival rates were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 3.0 sclerotherapy sessions was required for complete disappearance of varices in patients receiving prophylactic sclerotherapy. During the observation period, transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma was performed more often in patients with prophylactic sclerotherapy (mean 3.8 times) than in control patients (mean 2.0 times) (p < .05). Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy was performed more often in patients with prophylactic sclerotherapy than in controls (mean 8.1 times vs 5.0 times, respectively) (p < .05). The 3-year bleeding rates were 50% for the control group and 18% for the prophylactic sclerotherapy group (p < 0.05), and the 3-year survival rates were 16% for the control group and 37% for the therapy group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic sclerotherapy improves survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by red color sign-negative esophageal varices without tumor emboli in the portal trunk or primary portal branches.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hongou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002423:Cause of Death; D003116:Color; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011172:Portography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome