title: Irreversible cytotoxic effect of a novel lowly immunosuppressive antitumor fluorouridine derivative, UK-21.
abstract: Previously, we reported that the 5-fluorouridine derivative, 2',3',5'-tris-O-[N(2-n-propyl-n-pentanoylglycyl]-5-fluorouridine (UK-21), is a newly synthesized lowly immunosuppressive and potent antitumor drug in comparison with other fluorouridine derivatives such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorouridine (5-FUR) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUDR). In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of antitumor activity of UK-21, we compared the effect of the four drugs on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and macromolecular syntheses. When KB cells were subjected to a colony-forming inhibition assay designed to expose the cells to the drugs for 4-96 h and wash out, UK-21 and 5-FUR inhibited the colony formation at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 microM, whereas 1-100 microM was needed for the cytotoxicity of 5-FU and 5-FUDR. By exposure for 24-48 h, all these drugs inhibited cell growth and caused accumulation of the cells in S or G2 phase at almost the same concentrations of 0.32-8 microM. These results suggest that the cytotoxic effects of UK-21 and 5-FUR are irreversible, while those of 5-FU and 5-FUDR are reversible. To confirm this, KB cells were treated with UK-21 and/or 5-FU for 1 h, and continued to be cultured for 1-7 days, resulting in the inhibition of the cell growth by UK-21 in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10-100 microM, but not by 5-FU even at 100 microM. UK-21, 5-FUR and 5-FU showed a linear relationship between exposure time and IC50 in the colony formation assay with a slope of almost -1, but 5-FUDR did not, suggesting that UK-21, 5-FUR and 5-FU are cell cycle non-specific inhibitors, while 5-FUDR is a cell cycle-specific inhibitor. UK-21 and 5-FUR, but not 5-FU and 5-FUDR inhibited the incorporation of [3H]uridine into the acid insoluble fraction, while UK-21 and 5-FUDR, but not 5-FUR and 5-FU inhibited the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. These results suggest that irreversible cytotoxic effects of UK-21 like 5-FUR are exerted through inhibition of RNA synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Mitahora-higashi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koda
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007624:KB Cells; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014529:Uridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D005467:Floxuridine; C078136:UK 21; C001943:5-fluorouridine; D005998:Glycine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D013936:Thymidine; D014529:Uridine