title: Toxicity of acid-sulfate soil leachate and aluminum to embryos of the Sydney Rock oyster.
abstract: The toxicity of leachate water from acid-sulfate soil to the early embryonic development of the Sydney Rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis, was assessed. Concentrations of acid-sulfate soil leachate water as low as 3.3% in seawater were found to decrease the normal development of oyster embryos after 48 hr exposure, and this effect could not be attributed to any significant change in pH or salinity. An EC50 value for the acid-sulfate soil leachate water of 2.5 to 2.9% in seawater was obtained, and the no observed effect concentration was determined at a concentration of 2% in seawater. In tests conducted with aluminum added to seawater, a significant decrease in the percentage of embryos developed to the D-veliger stage occurred at concentrations of 150 micrograms/liter and greater, with no effects at 100 micrograms/liter. An EC50 of 225 micrograms/liter for the effect of added aluminum on embryo survival was obtained and all embryos showed developmental abnormalities at concentrations of 400 micrograms/liter and greater. A significant decrease in the embryonic development occurred when the fertilized eggs were incubated in pH-adjusted seawater at pH values < or = 6.75, but no significant effects were found at pH 7.0 or above. Since aluminum was present in high concentrations in the acid-sulfate soil leachate water, it was concluded that aluminum was the main toxicant in the acid-sulfate water that disrupted the oyster embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology Section, Environment Protection Authority NSW, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology-Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Hyne
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000502:physiology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013431:Sulfates; D000535:Aluminum