title: The effects of ion implantation on rate of tooth movement: an in vitro model.
abstract: Recently, the ion-implantation process has been applied to orthodontic wires. By altering the surface composition of a wire, the ion-implantation process supposedly decreases the frictional forces produced during tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of tooth movement produced by different orthodontic wire compositions, under identical conditions, by using an in vitro model. The wires tested were stainless steel, nickel-titanium (control and ion implanted), and beta-titanium (control and ion implanted). The amount of tooth movement was measured and compared. Results demonstrate that, stainless steel produced the least frictional force during in vitro tooth movement, followed by ion-implanted nickel-titanium, ion-implanted beta-titanium, untreated nickel-titanium, and finally, untreated beta-titanium. A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed statistically significant differences in the amount of movement seen with the ion-implanted wires when compared with their untreated counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Muntefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10064, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cisneros
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003481:Cuspid; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D008669:Metallurgy; D008961:Models, Structural; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; C023988:beta titanium; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium; D009584:Nitrogen