title: Gli1 is a target of Sonic hedgehog that induces ventral neural tube development.
abstract: The vertebrate zinc finger genes of the Gli family are homologs of the Drosophila gene cubitus interruptus. In frog embryos, Gli1 is expressed transiently in the prospective floor plate during gastrulation and in cells lateral to the midline during late gastrula and neurula stages. In contrast, Gli2 and Gli3 are absent from the neural plate midline with Gli2 expressed widely and Gli3 in a graded fashion with highest levels in lateral regions. In mouse embryos, the three Gli genes show a similar pattern of expression in the neural tube but are coexpressed throughout the early neural plate. Because Gli1 is the only Gli gene expressed in prospective floor plate cells of frog embryos, we have investigated a possible involvement of this gene in ventral neural tube development. Here we show that Shh signaling activates Gli1 transcription and that widespread expression of endogenous frog or human glioma Gli1, but not Gli3, in developing frog embryos results in the ectopic differentiation of floor plate cells and ventral neurons within the neural tube. Floor-plate-inducing ability is retained when cytoplasmic Gli1 proteins are forced into the nucleus or are fused to the VP16 transactivating domain. Thus, our results identify Gli1 as a midline target of Shh and suggest that it mediates the induction of floor plate cells and ventral neurons by Shh acting as a transcriptional regulator.
authors.affiliation: The Skirball Institute, Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Censullo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz i Altaba
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002678:Chimera; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D015723:Gene Library; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; D017405:Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496502:FOXA2 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C000598904:FoxA4 protein, Xenopus; C496503:Foxa2 protein, mouse; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D017405:Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta