TGFbeta2 knockout mice have multiple developmental defects that are non-overlapping with other TGFbeta knockout phenotypes.
The growth and differentiation factor transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2) is thought to play important roles in multiple developmental processes. Targeted disruption of the TGFbeta2 gene was undertaken to determine its essential role in vivo. TGFbeta2-null mice exhibit perinatal mortality and a wide range of developmental defects for a single gene disruption. These include cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, spinal column, eye, inner ear and urogenital defects. The developmental processes most commonly involved in the affected tissues include epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, cell growth, extracellular matrix production and tissue remodeling. In addition, many affected tissues have neural crest-derived components and simulate neural crest deficiencies. There is no phenotypic overlap with TGFbeta1- and TGFbeta3-null mice indicating numerous non-compensated functions between the TGFbeta isoforms.
Sanford
L P
LP
Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Ormsby
I
I
Gittenberger-de Groot
A C
AC
Sariola
H
H
Friedman
R
R
Boivin
G P
GP
Cardell
E L
EL
Doetschman
T
T
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000151:congenital; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000196:embryology; D005124:Eye Abnormalities; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D008648:Mesoderm; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities
D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin