title: Shin splints: MR appearance in a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of activity-related lower leg pain (shin splints syndrome) and evaluate the relative involvement of bone and soft tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with activity-related lower leg pain and tenderness on palpation along the posteromedial tibia (shin splints) underwent clinical examination and MR imaging. Five also underwent plain radiography. MR findings were compared with patient demographics, clinical findings, and plain radiographs when available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four MR patterns were identified: normal appearance (n = 7), periosteal fluid only (n = 5), abnormal marrow signal intensity (n = 5), and stress fracture (n = 2). Increased symptom duration correlated strongly with a normal MR image (P = .002). Plain radiographs appeared normal in all five patients for whom they were available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with acute shin splints have a spectrum of MR findings, which suggests this clinical entity is part of a continuum of stress response in bone. The strong association between chronic symptoms and a normal-appearing MR image implies that this modality has less utility in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ugalde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gacayan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010173:Palpation; D010521:Periosteum / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors