title: Intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in children with vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: The effectiveness of intermittent low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary infection is well established in adults. The present study assessed the effectiveness and safety of intermittent low-dose TMP-SMZ in 35 children (24 boys, 11 girls, aged 1 month to 9 years, median age 5 months) with vesicoureteral reflux; 18 children had bilateral reflux. A total of 53 refluxing ureters were graded as I in 2, II in 16, III in 19, IV in 14, and V in 2 cases. The children were given 1 mg/kg body weight of trimethoprim together with 5 mg/kg of sulfamethoxazole at bedtime every other day for 6-50 months (mean +/- SD, 22.9 +/- 11.7 months). None of the boys had a recurrence of urinary infection, while 2 of the 11 girls had a total of 7 recurrences during the prophylaxis period, with a recurrence rate of 0.027 per patient month in girls. Both girls were over 3 years and had a mildly unstable bladder. Transient neutropenia (< 1,000/microliter) developed in 2 infants during the prophylaxis period, but disappeared spontaneously. Intermittent low-dose TMP-SMZ seemed very effective for the prevention of recurrent urinary infection in children with ureteral reflux even of higher grades.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukui Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sudo
mesh_terms: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D003404:Creatinine