title: Brain injury in bacterial meningitis: therapeutic implications.
abstract: Recent in-vitro studies have improved our understanding of how bacteria interact with cerebral endothelial cells and cross the blood-brain barrier. Several animal studies using rat and rabbit models of bacterial meningitis have revealed mediators of inflammation that are believed to play a key role in secondary brain damage, including reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and excitatory amino acids. Treatment with free-radical scavengers, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, excitatory amino acid antagonists, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was beneficial in experimental bacterial meningitis. Apart from dexamethasone these agents hold major promise for the adjunctive therapy of bacterial meningitis in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Scheld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*