title: Antiendothelial cell antibodies: useful markers of systemic sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic sclerosis (SS) encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), limited SS (lSSc), or diffuse SS (dSSc) may help to determine the long-term prognosis of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven normal controls, 13 patients with PRP, 36 with lSSc, and 31 with dSSc were included in the study. Sera were examined for the presence of AECA, using a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWfAg), and thrombomodulin (Tm) concentrations were also evaluated. The medical records of 50 of the lSSc and dSSc patients were reviewed and the organ system involvement noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antiendothelial cell antibodies were present in 3 patients with PRP, 16 patients with lSSc, and 26 patients with dSSc. These autoantibodies were mainly of the IgG isotype. There was no difference in ACE activity between patients and controls. In contrast, vWfAg and Tm concentrations were higher in patients with PRP relative to controls, and higher in patients with lSSc compared with those with PRP. The presence of AECA was associated with digital scars and ulcers (P < 0.004 and P < 0.003, respectively), severe RP (P < 0.01), grade 3 tortuosity of vessels (P < 0.0004), and lung involvement (P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant trend for AECA to increase with disease severity across the three groups of patients studies suggests that the AECA test can identify subsets of SSc with differing prognoses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, France.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Salojin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Tonquèze
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saraux
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nassonov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dueymes
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Youinou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D012594:Scleroderma, Localized / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A