title: The effects of the bont tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, on milk production of Sanga and Sanga x Brahman cattle.
abstract: The effects of adults on the bont tick, Amblyomma hebraeum on the milk production of Sanga and Sanga x zebu (Brahman) cattle were measured over a period of 11 weeks in the low veld of Zimbabwe in the summer of 1986. Four groups of lactating cows, consisting of two breeds, each divided into a high and low tick treatment, were exposed to very low or high challenges of ticks and their milk production measured by weighing their calves before and after suckling. The liveweight gains (LWG) of the calves were also measured. Tick burdens on the infested groups averaged around fourteen engorging females of A.hebraeum per day, which amounted to infestations of about 150 adult ticks. This is greater than most observed field infestations. This caused no significant reduction in milk yield or calf growth over the whole period, provided the teats of the dams had not been damaged by ticks. Mismothering occurred when teats were damaged. No breed differences were observed so all data was pooled for further analysis. Average calf LWGs of the high tick groups were reduced by 2.2 kg (P < 0.01) during one 4-week period but overall the 3.9 kg difference in LWG of the tick treatment groups was not quite significant (P < 0.10). Although there was a poor relationship between tick numbers and reduced milk yield or calf LWG, the effects were always in the direction expected. The effects averaged 6 +/- 10 g reduction of milk and 2.6 +/- 1.8 g loss of LWG of calves for every female tick that engorged. it was concluded that milk production is not an important consideration when estimating the losses in production caused by A.hebraeum on Brahman x Sanga or Sanga breeds of cattle. Losses due to teat or udder damage could be much more important and need to be quantified.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Laboratory, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Norval
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sutherst
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000662:veterinary; D013987:Ticks; D015030:Zimbabwe