title: Synovial fluid T cell clones from oligoarticular juvenile arthritis patients display a prevalent Th1/Th0-type pattern of cytokine secretion irrespective of immunophenotype.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the patterns of cytokine production by T cell clones raised from in vivo activated synovial fluid (SF) mononuclear cells (MNC) of five patients with oligoarticular juvenile arthritis (JA). Freshly isolated SF T cells were cultured in vitro with low dose recombinant IL-2 and subsequently cloned by limiting dilution. Sixty-four clones were obtained from the five patients studied. Fifty-nine clones were TCR alpha/beta+, either CD4+ (n = 43) or CD8+ (n = 15). The remaining five clones were TCR gamma/delta+, CD4-, CD8-. Clone immunophenotypes differed in the individual patients. Forty-four T cell clones were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and supernatants tested for the presence of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by ELISA or bioassays. Cytokine mRNA accumulation was tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of 44 clones tested released large amounts of IFN-gamma irrespective of the immunophenotype. Of these, 27 were classified as Th1-type and 17 as Th0-type based upon the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio in culture supernatants. Finally, when 10 representative T cell clones were tested for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, gene expression by RT-PCR, all of them were found to express the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) genes, and half of them IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA. In conclusion, T cell clones, that represent the progeny of in vivo activated SF T cells from oligoarticular JA patients, display heterogeneous immunophenotypes, but all share the ability to produce large amounts of IFN-gamma, with a predominant Th1/Th0 pattern. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in these clones suggests that in vivo activated SF T cells modulate joint inflammation in a complex fashion.
authors.affiliation: II Division of Pediatrics, G. Gaslini Institute for Children, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gattorno
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Facchetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghiotto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vignola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buoncompagni
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prigione
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picco
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pistoia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000276:immunology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000032:analysis; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007378:Interleukins; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate