title: Conformal external beam treatment of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the 5-year outcomes of treatment for patients with prostate cancer treated largely with conformal three-dimensional radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results are presented for 456 consecutive patients treated prior to December 31, 1993 whose pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are known. Biochemical failure was defined as two consecutive rises in the PSA that equals or exceeds 1.5 ng/mL. Kaplan-Meier product limit methods, the log-rank test, and Cox regression models were used in evaluating the data. No patient was lost to follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year biochemically free of failure (bNED) rate for all patients was 61% and 57% at 7 years. In the group with pretreatment PSA less than 10 ng/mL, the 5-year bNED rate for patients with localized disease (T1,2AB disease, Gleason sum of 6 or less) was 85% and for those with locally advanced disease (T2C,3), 70%. In the group with pretreatment PSA of 10 to 19.9 ng/mL, the 5-year bNED rate for patients with localized disease was 66% and for those with locally advanced disease, 44%. In the group with pretreatment PSA of 20 ng/mL or above, the patients with localized or locally advanced disease had 5-year bNED rates of 31% and 21%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of largely conformal three-dimensional external beam treatment of localized prostate cancer produced 5-year bNED results that are comparable to recent reports of nerve-sparing prostatectomy. Preliminary 7-year bNED results in all patients and in patients with localized tumors indicated a modest decrease in the cancer-free rate from that observed at 5 years, suggesting the results are durable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Schultheiss
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pinover
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Movsas
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen