title: A new technique for hypoglossal-facial nerve repair.
abstract: Hypoglossal reinnervation of the facial nerve may be required after a proximal facial nerve injury. The classic hypoglossal-facial graft procedure involves transection of the donor hypoglossal nerve, resulting in hemiglottic paralysis that, in association with paralysis of other cranial nerves, may cause speech and swallowing difficulties. Multiple lower cranial nerve palsies in conjunction with facial paralysis, as may occur after procedures such as skull base surgery, contraindicate the use of such techniques. The successful use of XII-VII "interposition jump grafts" without hemiglossal weakness has been described However, a prolonged recovery period and weaker facial reanimation have been seen. In order to attain maximum facial reinnervation while preserving hypoglossal function, we have developed a new technique of XII-VII repair. This method involves mobilization of the intratemporal portion of the facial nerve remnant, achieving a single anastomosis with the hypoglossal nerve, which has been partially incised. This technique has been used in three patients to date, with 6 to 11 months follow-up. In all cases facial tone and symmetry have been restored and voluntary facial expression accomplished. The authors conclude that by employing the techniques described highly satisfactory cosmetic and functional results may be expected, without compromising hypoglossal nerve function.
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Atlas
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lowinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004954:Esthetics; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation