title: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) sites are required for HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages but not CD4(+) T cells.
abstract: The importance of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) and binding sites for HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages, T cell lines and primary CD4(+) T cells was examined. When lines overexpressing the C/EBP dominant-negative protein LIP were infected with HIV-1, replication occurred in Jurkat T cells but not in U937 promonocytes, demonstrating a requirement for C/EBP activators by HIV-1 only in promonocytes. Primary macrophages did not support the replication of HIV-1 harboring mutant C/EBP binding sites in the long terminal repeat but Jurkat, H9 and primary CD4(+) T cells supported replication of wild-type and mutant HIV-1 equally well. Thus the requirement for C/EBP sites is also confined to monocyte/macrophages. The requirement for C/EBP proteins and sites identifies the first uniquely macrophage-specific regulatory mechanism for HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Calame
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites / Q000276:immunology; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins