title: Cyclosporin A modulation of early virologic and immunologic events during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Virologic and immunologic effects of immunomodulation during primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection were examined in monkeys treated with cyclosporin or vehicle for 32 days beginning 5 days before SIV inoculation. Duration of antigenemia decreased in 5 of 7 treated monkeys, 2 having delayed onset and peak of antigenemia. Although proviral DNA levels in blood and lymph nodes and infected cell numbers in lymph nodes were transiently decreased, levels were similar to those in controls by day 14. The CD4:CD8 ratio and percentage of CD4+ CD29+ cells decreased in controls 14 days after inoculation, but this decrease was delayed in treated monkeys. Two treated monkeys demonstrated rapid disease, with progressive antigenemia preceding early deaths 90-96 days after inoculation. Nevertheless, immunomodulation influenced the kinetics of primary SIV infection in some monkeys, supporting the rationale of careful exploration of the strategy of interference with the heightened state of cellular activation together with direct antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphey-Corb
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaccarezza
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016572:Cyclosporine