title: Prophylactic vena cava filter insertion in selected high-risk orthopaedic trauma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (a) To determine the incidence and risk factors for the development of pulmonary embolism in orthopaedic trauma patients and (b) to determine whether prophylactic vena cava filters are efficacious against pulmonary edema in high-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after trial on the incidence of pulmonary embolism in the orthopaedic trauma population before and after the introduction of prophylactic vena cava filters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care level I trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients received prophylactic vena cava filters. These patients had a long bone and pelvic, multiple long bone fractures, or a complex (Kane's III or IV) pelvic fracture with at least one additional risk-factor at an age of > 55 years and an Injury Severity Score of > 16 or requiring prolonged (> 6 weeks) immobilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients had vena cava filters placed (32 titanium Greenfield filters, Medi-tech/Boston Scientific, Watertown, MA; and three Bird's Nest filters, Cook Bloomington, IN). Most filters (n = 33) were placed percutaneously in radiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  (a) Morbidity related to filter insertion, (b) incidence of pulmonary embolism in orthopaedic trauma population compared with historical controls who did not receive filters, and (c) patency of filters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimal morbidity was related to prophylactic vena cava filter insertion. There was a significant (p < 0.04); (Fisher's exact) decrease in the incidence of pulmonary embolism in the orthopaedic trauma population as a whole after the use of prophylactic vena cava filters. Follow-up ultrasound showed a 1 and 2-year inferior vena cava patency rate of 93.6% +/- 6.2% by life table analysis. We conclude that selected use of prophylactic vena cava filters in orthopaedic trauma is safe and decreases the incidence of pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shackford
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atkins
mesh_terms: D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D015993:Life Tables; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014654:Vascular Patency; D016306:Vena Cava Filters