title: Comparison of body temperature changes during laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevention of hypothermia during abdominal surgery by insulating or heat-transferring methods has been the subject of numerous investigations. This study approaches the problem from a less discussed point of view, i.e. the effect of different surgical techniques on body temperature changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body temperature was measured at 3 core and 6 skin points in 40 patients scheduled for cholecystectomy through open laparotomy or laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum created and maintained with unwarmed carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation. End-tidal CO2 was kept constant by adjustments of respiratory frequency. Anaesthesia, intravenous infusions, and draping of the patients were standardized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first 1 h of anaesthesia core temperatures decreased approximately by 0.7 degrees C and distal skin temperatures increased by 7 degrees C in both groups. At the end of surgery heat balance was similar in both groups. An increase of 2.5 1.min-1 in respiratory minute volume was needed to control end-tidal CO2 levels in the laparoscopy group during pneumoperitoneum which was maintained with a CO2 flow of 1.2 1.min-1 through the abdominal cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic technique with unwarmed carbon dioxide insufflation does not offer any advantage in terms of body temperature changes when compared to open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged