title: Prognostic factors and outcome in craniofacial surgery for malignant cutaneous tumors involving the anterior skull base.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 57 patients with advanced malignant cutaneous tumors involving the anterior skull base who underwent combined craniofacial resection in our department from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data regarding histological results, demographic aspects, clinical presentation, previous treatment, extent of the disease, extent of surgical procedure, type of reconstruction, complications, and follow-up were analyzed using the chi 2 method. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found prevalence of the male sex (60%) and white race (86%), with a mean age of 62 years. Thirty-five patients (61%) showed extensive lesions directly invading the anterior skull base (type II); 46 patients (81%) had been treated previously; 10 patients (18%) had dural invasion; 29 patients (51%) could not have the eyeball preserved; 32 patients (56%) underwent microsurgical reconstruction; and 45 patients (79%) underwent pericranial or galeal-pericranial flap reconstruction for the anterior skull base defect. Postoperative complications occurred in 29 patients (51%). The most common complication was postoperative infection (17 patients [59%]). Thirty-two patients (56%) were free of disease, and 4 (7%) were alive with disease at the time of our study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of facial disease (P = .005) and the type of facial reconstruction (P = .01) were the most important risk factors in the development of infectious complications. Invasion of the dura and the type of reconstruction of the anterior skull base were the most important factors related to cerebrospinal fluid leakage (P = .003) and meningoencephalitis (P = .06). Invasion of the dura mater significantly affected survival (P = .005).
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery Service, Hospital do Cancer/Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kligerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D019291:Skull Base; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome