The self in self-conscious emotions.
The study of self-conscious emotions has only recently begun. The model outlined here offers an opportunity to consider and to define carefully some of the self-conscious emotions. Unless we develop a more accurate taxonomy, we will be unable to proceed in our study of these emotions. Given the renewed interest in emotional life, it is now appropriate to consider these more complex emotions rather than the more "primary" or "basic" ones. Moreover, as others have pointed out, these self-conscious emotions are intimately connected with other emotions, such as anger and sadness (see for example, H.B. Lewis, 1971; Lewis, 1992b; Morrison, 1989). Finally, given the place of self-evaluation in adult life, it seems clear that the self-conscious evaluative emotions are likely to stand in the center of our emotional life (Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Heckhausen, 1984).
Lewis
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Institute for the Study of Child Development, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903, USA.
D001364:Awareness; D004532:Ego; D004644:Emotions; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D012649:Self Concept; D012752:Shame