title: Secondary management of congenital and acquired craniomaxillofacial deformities. Individualized treatment planning.
abstract: Late treatment of craniofacial disorders with concomitant abnormalities of the jaw are the most challenging cases a craniofacial surgeon faces. This article details the principles of preoperative, individualized treatment planning using anthropometric guidelines in a simple but systematic scheme for facial analysis. Seventeen skeletally mature patients without cleft lip and palate or hemifacial microsomia, aged 15 to 65 years, underwent simultaneous orthognathic and craniofacial surgery for a variety of complex craniofacial disorders. The basic clinical approaches outlined in this article permit the surgeon to develop a flexible but accurate treatment plan and proceed with confidence in the management of patients with widespread craniomaxillofacial deformities.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Disorders, Scottish Rite Children's Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Burstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome