The development of the Louis MACRO (Mother and Child Risk Observation) forms: assessing parent-infant-child risk in the presence of maternal mental illness.
OBJECTIVE
The theoretical framework and psychometric properties of the MACRO (Mother and Child Risk Observation) 1 and 2 forms (age 0 to 4 year) are presented. The MACRO forms provide ratings on five domains--three related to parenting, two on infant (or child) characteristics and maternal mental state. Case vignettes illustrate their clinical utility.


METHODS
Ratings on the MACRO of 110 mother-infant and 85 mother-toddler consecutive admissions to a South Australian psychiatric in-patient mother-infant unit provided data on internal consistency, interrater, and test-retest reliability.


RESULTS
Internal consistency was between .79 and .95 for all MACRO domains. Item-total correlations were between .39 and .90 with the exception of one item. Social Support. Distributions of item scores indicated acceptable discrimination. Interrater reliability was .79 or above for all domains. Test-retest reliability after 7 days was .71 or above.


CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary psychometric investigations of the MACRO was favorable. Should further validity investigations prove satisfactory, the MACRO will provide a valuable clinical and research tool. The MACRO offers a convenient framework for assessing risk and interpreting the impact of maternal mental illness upon children within a context that permits consideration of factors such as illness severity, parenting practices, and child contribution to outcome.
Louis
A
A
Division of Mental Health, Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Eastwood, South Australia.
Condon
J
J
Shute
R
R
Elzinga
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment