title: Clinical stage IE primary lymphoma of the nasal cavity: radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the appropriate radiation therapy and chemotherapy for primary lymphoma of the nasal cavity to improve the local control and survival rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 25 adult patients with stage IE nasal lymphoma, nine underwent local radiation therapy alone and 16 underwent radiation therapy and chemotherapy (intravenous infusion). Radiation doses to the involved area were 22-54 Gy (median dose, 49 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5- and 10-year cause-specific survival rates were 91% and 73%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 83% and 59%, respectively. Eight patients developed recurrent disease: six at the local site, one in the cervical nodes, and one in the small intestine. Five of the six patients with local recurrence received less than 50 Gy. Four of the six patients developed recurrent disease in the treated area; the other two patients developed marginal recurrences. Prognostic factors such as age, sex, maximum tumor size, and lactate dehydrogenase level were of limited value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common recurrence site was the local site. To improve the local control rate, the involved area should be treated with high-dose radiation therapy. The clinical results did not demonstrate the usefulness of combination chemotherapy for stage IE nasal lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shikama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izuno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wako
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors