title: Reversible immobilization of free-ranging polar bears with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine and atipamezole.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the potent alpha 2 agonist, medetomidine, and its specific antagonist, atipamezole, could be effectively used to immobilize polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Specifically, our goal was to develop a drug combination containing medetomidine that addressed some of the problems such as prolonged recovery time, non-reversibility, and poor analgesia that have been identified with the currently preferred drug combination, zolazepamtiletamine (Telazol or Zoletil). During 1995 and 1996, 51 free-ranging polar bears along the western coast of Hudson Bay, Canada, were immobilized with a combination of medetomidine, zolazepam, and tiletamine (MZT). Immobilization with MZT was characterized by a short induction time, low volume, reliable and predictable immobilization and reversibility, adequate analgesia, and relative safety in handling for field personnel. Few adverse physiological effects were observed in any target animals with the exception of a single bear which convulsed and died shortly after it was reversed from anesthesia with atipamezole. We conclude that MZT is an effective drug combination for immobilizing polar bears. However, because of an unexplained mortality, further investigation of the physiological effects of MZT and atipamezole is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cattet
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Caulkett
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Polischuk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramsay
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine; D013992:Tiletamine; D001503:Ursidae / Q000502:physiology*; D015041:Zolazepam
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; C050701:atipamezole; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam; D020926:Medetomidine