title: Clubbing--a reevaluation of its incidence and causes.
abstract: 117 adult patients (age > 13 years) admitted in medical wards were studied for clubbing. 24.8% (29/117) of the patients had clubbing. Incidence of clubbing in males and females was 22.2% (26/117) and 2.6% (3/117) respectively [corrected]. Liver disease, which was seen in 27.6% cases (8/29) of clubbing, was the commonest cause of clubbing and was observed only in males. This was related to a high incidence of alcohol intake among males i.e. 34.6% (9/26) as against none among the females. Amongst the liver disease, suppurative liver disease was responsible for clubbing in 75% (6/8) of cases. Only 20.7% (6/29) of patients with clubbing had severe clubbing. 66.6% (4/6) of patients with severe clubbing had liver disease. Congenital heart disease was cause of clubbing in 2 out of 3 females (66.6%) with clubbing. Alcohol may be causally related to occurrence of clubbing in this part of the country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate, Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010005:Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*