title: Pen injection and change in metabolic control and quality of life in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: A second follow-up of metabolic control and quality of life in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients who had switched 3 years before from syringe to multiple pen injection treatment, was carried out. A total of 73 consecutive outpatients were enrolled in the initial follow-up study in 1988, 1 year after their changeover to insulin pen, with their metabolic control and quality of life examined. The present study concerns the reexamination of 65 of them in 1990. Their HbA(1c) level was recorded yearly, already from 1987, on. After an enhancement of metabolic control in 1988, exhibited primarily by patients with fewer syringe injections before pen treatment, control up to 1990 was found to have regressed to about baseline level or to have gradually declined. Patients who perceived their ability to self-test blood glucose to have decreased exhibited the least satisfactory course of metabolic control. This is seen to indicate that maintaining self-testing in multiple injection insulin treatment is a very real challenge to this regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Eksjö-Nassjö, Eksjö, Sweden.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wikby
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stenström
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hörnquist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012646:Self Administration; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin