The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
Helicobacter pylori, strain 26695, has a circular genome of 1,667,867 base pairs and 1,590 predicted coding sequences. Sequence analysis indicates that H. pylori has well-developed systems for motility, for scavenging iron, and for DNA restriction and modification. Many putative adhesins, lipoproteins and other outer membrane proteins were identified, underscoring the potential complexity of host-pathogen interaction. Based on the large number of sequence-related genes encoding outer membrane proteins and the presence of homopolymeric tracts and dinucleotide repeats in coding sequences, H. pylori, like several other mucosal pathogens, probably uses recombination and slipped-strand mispairing within repeats as mechanisms for antigenic variation and adaptive evolution. Consistent with its restricted niche, H. pylori has a few regulatory networks, and a limited metabolic repertoire and biosynthetic capacity. Its survival in acid conditions depends, in part, on its ability to establish a positive inside-membrane potential in low pH.
Tomb
J F
JF
Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. ghp@tigr.org
White
O
O
Kerlavage
A R
AR
Clayton
R A
RA
Sutton
G G
GG
Fleischmann
R D
RD
Ketchum
K A
KA
Klenk
H P
HP
Gill
S
S
Dougherty
B A
BA
Nelson
K
K
Quackenbush
J
J
Zhou
L
L
Kirkness
E F
EF
Peterson
S
S
Loftus
B
B
Richardson
D
D
Dodson
R
R
Khalak
H G
HG
Glodek
A
A
McKenney
K
K
Fitzegerald
L M
LM
Lee
N
N
Adams
M D
MD
Hickey
E K
EK
Berg
D E
DE
Gocayne
J D
JD
Utterback
T R
TR
Peterson
J D
JD
Kelley
J M
JM
Cotton
M D
MD
Weidman
J M
JM
Fujii
C
C
Bowman
C
C
Watthey
L
L
Wallin
E
E
Hayes
W S
WS
Borodovsky
M
M
Karp
P D
PD
Smith
H O
HO
Fraser
C M
CM
Venter
J C
JC
D000940:Antigenic Variation; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002455:Cell Division; D004260:DNA Repair; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014774:Virulence
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial