title: A quantitative analysis of skin displacement in the trotting horse.
abstract: Skin displacement was investigated at 16 sites in the front and hind limbs of four Dutch Warmblood horses at the trot. For visualisation of the bone under the skin, a measuring device mounted on a Steinmann pin driven into the bone under investigation, was employed. Mean displacements ranged from 8 mm (X-displacements proximal and distal metacarpus) to 142 mm (Y-displacement caudal part of greater trochanter). When compared with previously determined skin displacement patterns at walk, mean displacements at trot were of the same magnitude whereas the shape of the time-displacement curve was different. The latter may be attributed to differences in relative duration of stance and swing phases between the walk and the trot.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: van Weeren
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van den Bogert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barneveld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D006811:Humerus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009040:Motion Pictures; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012540:Scapula / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology