title: Interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is frequently associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia. The efficacy of interferon-alpha treatment in the presence of cryoglobulinemia, particularly the rate of sustained responders, has not yet been well defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine consecutive patients with chronic HCV infection were studied prospectively with regard to the presence of cryoglobulinemia and their biochemical and virological response to interferon-alpha2a therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cryoglobulins were detected in sera of 23 patients. For this latter group of patients, significant differences were found compared to the 36 patients without cryoglobulinemia, i.e. the prevalence of female sex was higher, the duration of liver disease was longer and distinctive laboratory abnormalities, e.g. higher rheumatoid factor activity, were noted as well as a higher prevalence of cirrhosis. The distribution of HCV genotypes and serum HCV RNA titers was similar in the two groups. Interferon-alpha treatment regimens were not different regarding mean cumulative dose and mean duration of therapy. The response to therapy was almost identical, i.e. 35% of patients with cryoglobulinemia showed a sustained response compared to 22% of patients without cryoglobulinemia. The percentages of patients showing a relapse or breakthrough were similar in both groups. Pre-treatment viremia levels were higher in non-responders compared to sustained responders. Non-responders appeared to be more frequent among patients infected with genotypes 1a and 1b, especially among male patients without cryoglobulinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of cryoglobulinemia per se in chronic HCV-infected patients does not adversely affect the outcome of interferon-alpha therapy, including the rate of sustained response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Georg-August-Universitat, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Polzien
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramadori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D000410:Alanine Transaminase