title: Efficacy of imidacloprid for removal and control of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate efficacy of a 9.1% (w/w) imidacloprid solution, applied topically, to remove fleas from dogs and the duration of residual flea control when dogs were exposed to continuing flea infestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 adult mixed-breed dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were allocated to 4 groups of 8 dogs each; dogs of 3 groups received a single dose of imidacloprid, and those of the fourth group received excipient. Each dog was infested with 100 adult fleas on study days -3, -1, 6, 13, 20, 27, and 33. Treatments were applied on day 0. Each dog was examined for live fleas on days -2, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 34. Posttreatment efficacy was determined by comparing the mean number of live fleas remaining on the treated dogs with the mean number of live fleas remaining on the control dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 imidacloprid dosages provided flea control > or = 96.9% one day after treatment. Maximal efficacy of all 3 dosages (99.1 to 100%) was observed at 7 days after treatment. Flea control with 3.75 mg of imidacloprid/kg of body weight ranged from 94.4 to 96.9% for days 14 to 28 and decreased to 91.6% by 34 days after treatment. Flea control with 7.5 and 10.0 mg of imidacloprid/kg was 97.8 to 100% through day 28. At day 34, dosages of 7.5 and 10.0 mg of imidacloprid/kg were 97.6 and 96.9% efficacious, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  7.5 or 10.0 mg of imidacloprid/kg are equivalent and superior to 3.75 mg/kg for flea control over the course of a 34 day posttreatment period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monthly imidacloprid application of 7.5 to 10 mg/kg will rapidly kill existing and reinfesting flea infestations on dogs and break the flea life cycle by killing adult fleas before egg production begins.
authors.affiliation: Bayer Corporation, Agriculture Division, Mission, KS 66202, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Arther
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases; D004285:Dogs; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D005423:Siphonaptera; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid