title: HIV-1 disease progression and AIDS-defining disorders in rural Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of people infected with HIV-1 live in Africa, yet little is known about the natural history of the disease in that continent. We studied survival times, disease progression, and AIDS-defining disorders, according to the proposed WHO staging system, in a population-based, rural cohort in Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1990 we recruited a random sample of people already infected with HIV-1 (as prevalent cases) detected during the initial survey round of a general-population study to form a natural-history cohort. Individuals from the general-population cohort who seroconverted between 1990 and 1995 (incident cases) were also invited to enroll. Participants were seen routinely every 3 months and when they were III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the end of 1995, 93 prevalent cases and 86 incident cases had been enrolled. Four patients in the prevalent group were in stage 4 (AIDS) at the initial visit. During the next 5 years, 37 prevalent cases progressed to AIDS. Seven incident cases progressed to AIDS and the cumulative progression to AIDS at 1, 3, and 5 years after seroconversion was 2%, 6%, and 22%, respectively. The cumulative probability of AIDS at 4 years from entering stages 1, 2, and 3 was 11%, 33%, and 58%, respectively. There were 47 deaths among prevalent cases and seven among incident cases during follow-up. The cumulative mortality 4 years after patients entered stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 9%, 33%, 56%, and 86%, respectively. The median survival after the onset of AIDS was 9.3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are important for the setting of priorities and rationalisation of treatment availability in countries with poor resources. We found that progression rates to AIDS are similar to those in developed countries for homosexual cohorts and greater than for cohorts infected by other modes of transmission. However, we have found that the rates of all-cause mortality are much higher and the progression times to death are shorter than in developed countries.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Maude
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Malamba
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Okongo
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitworth
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000145:classification*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012424:Rural Population; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014454:Uganda