title: Antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Slovenia, 1993-1995. The Slovenian Meningitis Study Group.
abstract: The susceptibility of 108 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from normally sterile body sites during 1993-1995 in Slovenia has been studied. Overall resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, cefaclor and chloramphenicol was 16.6, 0.9, 26.8, 0, 4.5 and 4.6%, respectively. All penicillin-resistant isolates (intermediate resistance) were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Isolates less susceptible to penicillin were also significantly less sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than penicillin-sensitive strains. Pneumococci isolated in children were significantly (p < 0.05) more resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than those isolated in adults. The study demonstrated moderate resistance rate of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and a low-level resistance rate to erythromycin, cefaclor and chloramphenicol. No straightforward correlation between overall consumption of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance was found.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cizman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paragi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jovan-Kuhar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gubina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orazem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pokorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D017524:Slovenia; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination