title: Role of pulmonary function in the detection of allograft dysfunction after heart-lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung function is altered by infection and rejection in patients who undergo heart-lung transplantation. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of lung function for the detection of allograft dysfunction in these patients were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty three patients who underwent heart-lung transplantation were followed for a mean period of 16.3 months. On 123 occasions functional measurements were obtained at the time a transbronchial biopsy specimen and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was taken, which were used as gold standards. Optimal sensitivity (the value for which sensitivity equals specificity) was computed for each functional test from receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute rejection was present on 31 occasions and infection on 36 occasions; 56 samples were normal. Infection and rejection were accompanied by airflow obstruction, a rise in the slopes of the alveolar plateaus for nitrogen, hexafluoride sulphur and helium (SN2, SSF6, and SHe), and a decrease in the difference between SSF6 and SHe (delta S), total lung capacity (TLC), and lung transfer factor (TLCO). Optimal sensitivities for SHe, mid forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75), TLC, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were 68%, 67%, 66%, and 60%, respectively; they were not different for infection and rejection and did not change over the study period. For infection and rejection together, PPV ranged from 72% to 88% and NPV from 27% to 52% according to the functional test and the postoperative period considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indices of ventilation distribution, FEF25-75, and TLC have the best optimal sensitivity for the diagnosis of infection and rejection after heart-lung transplantation. The high PPV of pulmonary function in detecting allograft dysfunction observed in this study suggests that a diagnostic procedure should be performed whenever one or more functional tests deteriorate; conversely, the low NPV indicates that a stable pulmonary function does not rule out allograft dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Muylem
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mélot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estenne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014109:Total Lung Capacity; D014797:Vital Capacity