title: Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography after thromboembolectomy: preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential influence of intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) on surgical strategy after balloon thromboembolectomy for acute lower limb ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six consecutive patients with critical limb ischemia were treated with balloon catheter thromboembolectomy assessed by intraoperative digital subtraction angiography. The need for further intervention was determined by the surgeon based on the DSA information. Primary completion DSAs were made in every procedure; subsequent completion DSAs were performed after reinterventions at the discretion of the surgeon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial treatment in this patient group consisted of 14 embolectomies and 26 thrombectomies. From the completion DSAs of these 40 procedures, a reintervention was judged necessary in 27 (68%). Of these 27 reinterventions, 17 underwent a secondary DSA; evidence supporting a third intervention was found in 11 (64%). Overall, a total of 69 DSAs were performed in these patients. Mortality was 22% (8 patients); 38% (5) in embolectomy patients and 13% (3) in the thrombectomy cohort. Eighty-eight percent of the embolectomy survivors had an uneventful recovery, while only 25% of the thrombectomy survivors experienced an uncomplicated follow-up. In one quarter of the surviving thrombectomy patients, a surgical revascularization resulted in limb salvage; in 45%, a major amputation was the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the completeness of balloon catheter thromboembolectomy was assessed by intraoperative DSA. As a result, 68% of the procedures required one or more reinterventions for residual lesions. Intraoperative DSA is a simple and quick technique that may be a promising adjunct to intraoperative balloon thromboembolectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crolla
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: van de Pavoordt
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Moll
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002404:Catheterization; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012086:Reoperation; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome