title: A 1-year study of brimonidine twice daily in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. A controlled, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Chronic Brimonidine Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brimonidin tartrate is a highly selective alpha 2-agonist. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of 0.2% brimonidine administered twice daily for 1 year in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled comparison clinical trial. Subjects instilled 0.2% brimonidine or 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily for 12 months. Subjects were examined at baseline, week 1, and months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12. A subset of subjects was examined at week 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 443 subjects enrolled in this study, 374 met the entry criteria; 186 received brimonidine and 188 received timolol. Brimonidine-treated subjects showed an overall mean peak reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) of 6.5 mm Hg; timolol-treated subjects had a mean peak reduction in IOP of 6.1 mm Hg. Brimonidine lowered mean peak IOP significantly more than timolol at week 2 and month 3 (P < .03); no significant difference was observed between the groups for this variable at other visits throughout the 1-year course of the study. No evidence of tachyphylaxis was seen in either group. Allergy was seen in 9% of subjects treated with brimonidine. Dry mouth was more common in the brimonidine-treated group than in the timolol-treated group (33.0% vs 19.4%), but complaints of burning and stinging were more common in the timolol-treated group (41.9%) than in the brimonidine-treated patients (28.1%). Headache, fatigue, and drowsiness were similar in the 2 groups. In general, the tolerance to medication was acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brimonidine is safe and effective in lowering IOP in glaucomatous eyes. Brimonidine provides a sustained long-term ocular hypotensive effect, is well tolerated, and has a low rate of allergic response.
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA. jss@mediaone.net
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Choplin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albracht
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D013999:Timolol