title: Low-dose amiodarone-related complications after cardiac operations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-dose preoperative amiodarone therapy has been implicated as a risk factor for serious complications after cardiac operations. To investigate the effect of preoperative low-dose amiodarone treatment on early postoperative outcome after cardiac operations, we prospectively studied 88 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients were receiving amiodarone (mean daily dose +/- standard deviation, 205 +/- 70 mg/day) and 44 patients were controls matched in pairs. The following parameters were recorded after the operation in all patients: (1) the ratio of oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction on arrival in the intensive care unit and 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 hours thereafter; (2) the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome; (3) early postoperative cardiac complications; and (4) the type and number of inotropic agents or vasopressors (or both) needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in the ratio of oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction was noted at the various time intervals between amiodarone-treated patients and control patients. Overall, only one patient had acute respiratory distress syndrome in the amiodarone group, but he had multiple other factors known to predispose to acute lung injury. Several cardiac complications, such as pulmonary edema, temporary pacing, and need for intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation, were observed more frequently in amiodarone-treated patients than in control patients. In addition, amiodarone-treated patients required more frequent inotropic support (73% vs 43%, p = 0.003) and more inotropic drugs or vasopressors (or both) per patient than did control patients (1.4 +/- 1.1 vs 0.6 +/- 0.8, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative low-dose amiodarone therapy does not seem to be related to significant postoperative lung toxicity, but it is associated with various cardiac complications and an increased need for more intense inotropic support after cardiac operations. These findings may be related to the drug's depressant effect on the myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimopoulou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marathias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daganou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prapas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stavridis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geroulanos
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
mesh_terms: D000638:Amiodarone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000638:Amiodarone; D010100:Oxygen