title: Selective conversion of big endothelins to tracheal smooth muscle-constricting 31-amino acid-length endothelins by chymase from human mast cells.
abstract: Chymase from human mast cells selectively cleaved big endothelins (ETs) at the Tyr31-Gly32 bond and produced novel trachea-constricting 31-amino acid-length endothelins, ETs(1-31), without any further degradation products. Chymases from other species, such as the enzymes from rat connective tissue and mucosal mast cells, and the other chymotrypsin-like proteases examined degraded big ETs. ETs(1-31) exhibited various contractile potencies as to the rat trachea in comparison with 21-amino acid-length endothelins, ETs(1-21), and big ETs: ET-1(1-21) > ET-1(1-31) > big ET-1; ET-2(1-31) > ET-2(1-21) > or = big ET-2; ET-3(1-21) > or = ET-3(1-31) > or = big ET-3. Among the ETs(1-31), ET-2(1-31) was the most potent constrictor, its potency being similar to that of ET-1(1-21) and stronger than that of ET-2(1-21). The contractile activity of ETs(1-31) may not be the consequence of conversion to the corresponding ETs(1-21) by phosphoramidon-sensitive ET-converting enzymes or other chymotrypsin-type proteases and metalloendopeptidases, because the contractile activity was not inhibited significantly on treatment with inhibitors of these proteases before the addition of ET-1(1-31). Inhibitors of chymotrypsin-type serine proteases, on the contrary, significantly enhanced the contractile activity exhibited by ET-1(1-31) and big ET-1, but not that by ET-1(1-21). These results suggest that protease(s) on the surface of the rat trachea tends to degrade ETs(1-31) and big ETs, and thereby reduces their contractile activity. Taken together, the results suggest that trachea-constricting ETs(1-31) generated by human chymase may play a role in the hyper-responsive airway in allergic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053818:Chymases; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053818:Chymases