title: The resected root surface. The issue of canal isthmuses.
abstract: Incomplete debridement of the canal isthmus is responsible for some surgical and nonsurgical endodontic failures. This article reviews the formation of canals isthmus and the new classification system. Recent research findings regarding the incidence of isthmus at different root end levels are included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D003646:Debridement; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008853:Microscopy; D008866:Microsurgery; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D017211:Treatment Failure