title: Myocardial infarction in young women in relation to plasma total homocysteine, folate, and a common variant in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a population-based study, we examined the relationship between the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among young women and plasma total homocysteine (tHCY), folate, vitamin B12, and a common cytosine (C) to thymine (T) polymorphism in the gene for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-person interviews and nonfasting blood samples were obtained from 79 women < 45 years old diagnosed with MI and 386 demographically similar control subjects living in western Washington state between 1991 and 1995. Compared with control subjects, case patients had higher mean tHCY concentrations (13.4+/-5.2 versus 11.1+/-4.4 micromol/L, P=.0004) and lower mean folate concentrations (12.4+/-13.4 versus 16.1+/-12.2 nmol/L, P=.018). There was no difference in vitamin B12 concentrations between case patients and control subjects (346.8+/-188.4 versus 349.7+/-132.4 pmol/L, P=.90). After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, we found that women with tHCY > or = 15.6 micromol/L were at approximately twice the risk of MI as women with tHCY < 10.0 micromol/L (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.94 to 5.64). Women with folate > or = 8.39 nmol/L had an approximately 50% lower risk of MI than women with folate < 5.27 nmol/L (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.28). There was no association with vitamin B12 concentration. Among control subjects, 12.7% were homozygous for the MTHFR T677 allele, and these women had higher plasma tHCY and lower plasma folate than women with other genotypes. Ten percent of case patients were homozygous for the T677 allele, and there was no association of homozygosity for T677 with MI risk (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.31 to 2.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the hypothesis that elevated plasma tHCY and low plasma folate are risk factors for MI among young women. Although homozygosity for MTHFR T677 is related to increased plasma tHCY and low plasma folate, this genetic characteristic is not a risk factor for MI in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98101, USA. stevesch@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Malinow
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Beverly
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Longstreth
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Koepsell
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Raghunathan
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Reitsma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)