title: Inhomogeneities of ventilation and the diffusing capacity to perfusion in various chronic lung diseases.
abstract: Although impairment of gas exchange caused by ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch has been extensively analyzed, there have been no systematic studies focused on determining the distributions of diffusion properties in dose connection with those of VA/Q. We attempted to clarify the simultaneous distributions of VA/Q and diffusion capacity to perfusion (D/Q) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To assess pathologic determinants causing functional abnormalities, we compared VA/Q and D/Q distributions with the findings on high-resolution computed tomography. O2, CO2, and CO together with six foreign inert gases were used as indicator gases. We transformed the measured data on indicator gases in arterial blood into a continuous distribution of Q in the VA/Q-D/Q field. In IPF, active alveolitis or acinitis played a major role in producing low D/Q regions impeding gas exchange via a diffusion limitation, whereas extensive fibrosis with minimal inflammation accounted for low D/Q as well as low VA/Q regions. In COPD, no regions with low D/Q ratios were observed, but an abnormality in the VA/Q distribution with low or high VA/Q ratios was identified. Emphysematous lesions produced high VA/Q regions, whereas peripheral airway involvement yielded low VA/Q regions. These findings suggest that hypoxemia in patients with IPF is caused by inhomogeneous distributions of D/Q in combination with those of VA/Q. Hypoxemia in patients with COPD is attributable primarily to inhomogeneities in VA/Q rather than in D/Q distributions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takasugi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oyamada
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio