title: An improved treatment procedure for testicular biopsy specimens offers more efficient sperm recovery: case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an improved sperm recovery procedure from testicular biopsy specimens for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series and controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedures were performed in a tertiary IVF center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonobstructive azoospermic cases (15 patients) and obstructive azoospermic cases (5 patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was carried out using testicular sperm isolated from a testicular biopsy specimen either with or without erythrocyte lysing buffer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time required to collect spermatozoa and the intactness and fertilization and developmental rates of oocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 7 of the 15 nonobstructive cases, it was possible to perform ICSI when, after shredding of the testicular tissue, no (or virtually no) sperm were present. There was no difference in the fertilization rates (83% and 68%) and developmental rates (87% and 89%) of the 54 sibling oocytes from another 5 patients in whom ICSI was carried out with sperm either treated or not treated with erythrocyte lysing buffer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erythrocyte lysing buffer treatment of testicular biopsy specimens enhances the efficiency of sperm collection in those cycles in which spermatozoa are present and does not affect fertilization and embryo development.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Belgium.
authors.forename: Z P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tournaye
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D001639:Bicarbonates; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002021:Buffers; D004492:Edetic Acid; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000473:pathology*; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002021:Buffers; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D004492:Edetic Acid; C026329:potassium bicarbonate