title: An overnight insulin infusion algorithm provides morning normoglycemia and can be used to predict insulin requirements in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Initial insulin requirements in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are difficult to estimate because of individual variability in insulin sensitivity and secretion. We evaluated a simple, nurse-managed algorithm for overnight delivery of insulin, for its ability to provide morning near-normoglycemia and as a means to predict initial insulin requirements in NIDDM. Twenty-seven patients with poorly controlled NIDDM were studied on 30 occasions. A 12-h iv insulin infusion was begun at 2000 h, and bedside blood glucose concentrations were measured at hourly intervals. The rate of insulin infusion was adjusted according to blood glucose levels. We estimated the preprandial insulin dose requirement for the following day in 16 patients based on overnight insulin requirements to maintain normoglycemia. Preprandial insulin doses were adjusted for prevailing blood glucose concentrations. At 2000 h, the mean (+/-SEM) blood glucose concentration was 265.7 +/- 10.8; at 0300 h, it was 122.8 +/- 3.4; and at 0700 h, it was 123.8 +/- 5.1 mg/dL. On the next day, mean blood glucose levels (before and 2 h after a meal) were: breakfast, 102.5 +/- 5.9 and 177.3 +/- 19.2; lunch, 138.9 +/- 15.5 and 136.3 +/- 11.4; dinner, 105.7 +/- 7.2 and 178.1 +/- 15.7 mg/dL. There was no significant difference between mean calculated and administered total insulin dosage the next day (84.2 +/- 7.0 vs. 78.2 +/- 8.2 U). Thus, a weight-based algorithm for iv insulin infusion induced near-normoglycemia in NIDDM and successfully predicted the insulin dose requirement. We conclude that initiating insulin therapy in NIDDM patients can be achieved rapidly and efficiently based on a nurse-managed overnight insulin infusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance 90509, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Riegelhuth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Gundy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melendez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ipp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin