title: Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension but not vascular disease per se are associated with persistent platelet activation in vivo. Evidence derived from the study of peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies relating increased thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis to cardiovascular risk factors do not answer the question whether platelet activation is merely a consequence of more prevalent atherosclerotic lesions or reflects the influence of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances on platelet biochemistry and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined 64 patients with large-vessel peripheral arterial disease and 64 age- and sex-matched control subjects. TXA2 biosynthesis was investigated in relation to cardiovascular risk factors by repeated measurements of the urinary excretion of its major enzymatic metabolite, 11-dehydro-TXB2, by radioimmunoassay. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 was significantly (P = .0001) higher in patients with peripheral arterial disease (57 +/- 26 ng/h) than in control subjects (26 +/- 7 ng/h). Seventy percent of patients had metabolite excretion > 2 SD above the normal mean. However, 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion was enhanced only in association with cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were independently related to 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion. During a median follow-up of 48 months, 8 patients experienced major vascular events. These patients had significantly (P = .001) higher 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion at baseline than patients who remained event free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of large-vessel peripheral arterial disease per se is not a trigger of platelet activation in vivo. Rather, the rate of TXA2 biosynthesis appears to reflect the influence of coexisting disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension on platelet biochemistry and function. Enhanced TXA2 biosynthesis may represent a common link between such diverse risk factors and the thrombotic complications of peripheral arterial disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chieti G. D'Annunzio, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davì
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gresele
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Violi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basili
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giammarresi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Nenci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciabattoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patrono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D013929:Thromboxane B2; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D001241:Aspirin