Acute and chronic distress and posttraumatic stress disorder as a function of responsibility for serious motor vehicle accidents.
In this study on the effects of attributions of responsibility for traumatic events, stress, coping, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured, including intrusive thoughts among 130 victims of serious motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) 14-21 days and 3, 6, and 12 months after their accident. MVA victims and 43 control participants were categorized by accident and attribution of responsibility for their accidents (self-responsible, other-responsible, and control). Although initially all MVA victims reported higher levels of intrusive thoughts and were more likely to meet criteria for PTSD diagnoses, only other-responsible participants continued to demonstrate increased distress 6 and 12 months postaccident. Self-responsible participants used more self-blame coping than other-responsible participants, although within the self-responsible group, use of self-blame was associated with more distress.
Delahanty
D L
DL
Department of Behavioral Medicine and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Herberman
H B
HB
Craig
K J
KJ
Hayward
M C
MC
Fullerton
C S
CS
Ursano
R J
RJ
Baum
A
A
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology*; D000208:Acute Disease; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012941:Social Responsibility; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors