title: Fecal lactoferrin, fecal leukocytes and occult blood in the diagnostic approach to childhood invasive diarrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare fecal screening tests in the diagnostic approach to childhood invasive diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 125 consecutive children with acute diarrhea for fecal lactoferrin, fecal leukocytes and occult blood from November, 1995, to June, 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactoferrin showed a greater overall sensitivity than fecal leukocytes or occult blood for detecting invasive pathogens. Combinations of lactoferrin or fecal leukocytes and of lactoferrin or occult blood or both yielded sensitivities and negative predictive values close to 100%, being superior to all other combinations. All patients with full breast-feeding and mixed feeding had a positive lactoferrin test with a 1:50 dilution used as the cutoff. In controls without diarrhea being exclusively bottle-fed, 3 of 15 (20%) still showed a positive lactoferrin result at the dilution of 1:50. This compared with 15 of 15 (100%) positive results among controls fully breast-fed, 14 of 15 (93%) among controls predominantly breast-fed and 11 of 15 (73%) among control children predominantly bottle-fed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the usefulness of lactoferrin testing as a negative predictor. Breast-feeding lowers the specificity of the test but does not alter the sensitivity. Fecal lactoferrin may be viewed as the screening test of choice to avoid expensive stool cultures in the diagnostic approach to invasive diarrhea.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huicho
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garaycochea
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zerpa
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guerrant
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis*; D007962:Leukocytes; D009780:Occult Blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007781:Lactoferrin