title: N-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate translocation of protein kinase Calpha, -betaI, -betaII and -epsilon and enhance agonist-induced NADPH oxidase in macrophages.
abstract: The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were poor inducers of oxygen-dependent respiratory activity (chemiluminescence) in human monocytes and macrophages, but markedly enhanced the response to the tripeptide, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The effects of these fatty acids were seen at concentrations of 1 microg/ml. A similar enhancement was seen with PMA, a stimulus that acts on protein kinase C (PKC), or calcium ionophore (A23187), which increases intracellular calcium, suggesting that the effect of the fatty acids was post-surface receptor binding. HL-60 cells, differentiated to macrophage-like cells by culture in the presence of vitamin D3, were similarly affected by the fatty acids. In experiments in which the time of pre-exposure of the monocytes to PUFA was varied, it was found that the priming effect induced by AA, EPA and DHA was maximal at 5 min. The ability of these fatty acids to synergize with other agonists was completely lost if the fatty acids were either methylated or oxidized to the hydro and hydroperoxy derivatives. Saturated fatty acids were inactive. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the PUFA induced the translocation of PKCalpha, -betaI, -betaII and -epsilon isoenzymes to a particulate fraction. The synergistic response between fatty acids and A23187 was completely inhibited by pretreating the cells with a PKC inhibitor, GF-109203X, or by pretreatment of monocytes with PMA for 18 h, to deplete PKC levels. From these investigations it is evident that PUFA prime macrophages, causing increased/synergistic oxidative respiratory burst activity to other stimuli and that this priming is dependent on PKC translocation and activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunopathology, The Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5006 South Australia.
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hii
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rathjen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulos
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrante
mesh_terms: D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D006657:Histones; D007211:Indoles; D007476:Ionophores; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008301:Maleimides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D000001:Calcimycin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate