title: A new method of accurately identifying costs of individual patients in intensive care: the initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the patient-related and non-patient-related costs of intensive care using an activity-based costing methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cost analysis of 68 patients admitted sequentially over a 10-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Adult General Intensive Care Unit of the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed large variations in the costs obtained for individual patients. The calculation of the costs for the initial period of stay showed a wide variation depending on whether the costs were determined per calendar day or per first 24-h period. Significant correlations of costs between the first 24 h of stay and the admitting Acute Physiology and Chronic Health II score (p < 0.004) and daily costs with the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System scores (p < 0.0001) were found. The average daily patient-related cost of care was Pounds 592. Overhead costs were calculated at Pounds 560 per patient day, which made the total cost of a day's treatment in intensive care Pounds 1152.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of average costs or scoring systems to cost intensive care is limited, as these methods cannot determine actual resource usage in individual patients. The methodology described here allows all the resources used by an individual patient or group of patients to be identified and thus provides a valuable tool for economic evaluations of different treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Edbrooke
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hibbert
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003422:Critical Care / Q000191:economics*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies