title: Growth factor activity of endothelin-1 in primary astrocytes mediated by adhesion-dependent and -independent pathways.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to induce DNA synthesis in primary astrocytes by stimulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. To clarify the mechanisms responsible for the anchorage-dependent growth of astrocytes, the relationships between cell adhesion and ERK activation were investigated. Here it is reported that ET-1 promotes the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions and the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, as well as Src activation and association of phosphorylated FAK with Grb2. Pretreatment of astrocytes with cytochalasin D or C3-transferase, which inhibits actin polymerization or Rho activity, respectively, prevented the activation/phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and paxillin after ET-1 stimulation; by contrast, the ERK pathway was not significantly affected. This differential activation of FAK/Src and ERK pathways was also observed with astrocytes 10 and 60 min after replating on poly-L-ornithine-precoated dishes. Collectively, these findings indicate that activation of FAK and Src is dependent on actin cytoskeleton integrity, Rho activation, and adhesion to extracellular matrix, whereas ERK activation is independent of these intracellular events and seems to correlate with activation of the newly identified protein tyrosine kinase PYK2. Induction of DNA synthesis by ET-1, however, was reduced dramatically in astrocytes pretreated with either cytochalasin D or C3-transferase. This study provides a demonstration of Rho- and adhesion-dependent activation of FAK/Src, which collaborates with adhesion-independent activation of PYK2/ERK for DNA synthesis in ET-1-stimulated astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR 0415, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cazaubon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaverot
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girault
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Strosberg
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Couraud
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051419:Paxillin; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000502:physiology; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019332:Endothelin-1; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495950:Grb2 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051419:Paxillin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; C496063:Pxn protein, rat; C050992:tetrafluoroaluminate; D014443:Tyrosine; D004247:DNA; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496052:Ptk2 protein, rat; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D005459:Fluorides