title: The role of cytokines in disease progression in heart failure.
abstract: Recent studies have identified the importance of biologically active molecules such as neurohormones as mediators of disease progression in heart failure. More recently it has become apparent that in addition to neurohormones, another portfolio of biologically active molecules, termed cytokines, are also expressed in the setting of heart failure. This article reviews recent clinical and experimental material that suggests that the cytokines, much like the neurohormones, may represent another class of biologically active molecules that are responsible for the development and progression of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurrelmeyer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dibbs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deswal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee-Jackson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000276:immunology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019332:Endothelin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha