title: Preoperative imaging for parathyroid localization in primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We retrospectively studied the results of diagnostic imaging using 3 different modalities to determine their usefulness for preoperative localization of the parathyroid, and whether accurate preoperative localization information could be used to modify the surgical approach for parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Images of 37 parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasias in 35 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were obtained using ultrasonography, computed tomography, and subtraction scintigraphy (using thallium 201 [thallous chloride] and either iodine 123 or technetium 99m pertechnetate [99mTcO4-]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately three fourths of the adenomas or hyperplasias were successfully identified by ultrasound (76.7%) and computed tomography (76.4%), even when the weight of the tumor was less than 500 mg. However, subtraction scintigraphy was of limited use (61.3% successfully identified). A combination of these modalities gave excellent results for detecting adenomas and hyperplasias, leading to an accurate prediction rate of 96.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that using the combination of these 3 imaging modalities is very useful for the detection of parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias, and that with such accurate localization information, the unilateral approach alone, or even simple excision of the parathyroid tumors might be feasible, enabling less invasive surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shigeno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m