title: Monitoring orbicularis oculi predicts good intubating conditions after vecuronium in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare visual estimation of onset of neuromuscular blockade at both the adductor pollicis (AP) and the orbicularis oculi (OO) in children and to determine if monitoring the OO could predict good intubating conditions during vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty ASAI--II children (1.5-9 yr) were studied. Anaesthesia was induced with 6-8 mg.kg-1 thiopentone. The ulnar nerve at the wrist and the temporal branch of the facial nerve were stimulated every 10 sec using train-of-four (TOF) stimuli. Vecuronium, 0.15 mg.kg-1, was administered as a bolus. The responses at both the OO and the AP were evaluated visually. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the AP group (n = 15), the trachea was intubated when the AP was completely blocked. In the OO group (n = 15), intubation was performed when the OO was completely blocked. Intubating conditions were scored on a scale of 1 to 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients had complete blockade at both the orbicularis oculi and the adductor pollicis. In the two group, time from injection of vecuronium to complete neuromuscular blockade was shorter at the orbicularis oculi than at the adductor pollicis, 1.5 +/- 0.5 min vs 2.3 +/- 0.7 min, respectively, (P < 0.05; mean +/- SD) in the AP group, 1.7 +/- 0.3 min vs 2.3 +/- 0.8 min, respectively in the OO group (P < 0.05). Intubating conditions were excellent in all patient except one, where it was rated as good. They did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following administration of 0.15 mg.kg-1 vecuronium in children, monitoring of the OO can detect good intubating conditions 0.7 min earlier than with monitoring of the AP.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale 2, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laffon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ecoffey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meistelman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide