title: A thyroid hormone receptor coactivator negatively regulated by the retinoblastoma protein.
abstract: The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. To decipher the mechanism of Rb function at the molecular level, we have systematically characterized a number of Rb-interacting proteins, among which is the clone C5 described here, which encodes a protein of 1,978 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 230 kDa. The corresponding gene was assigned to chromosome 14q31, the same region where genetic alterations have been associated with several abnormalities of thyroid hormone response. The protein uses two distinct regions to bind Rb and thyroid hormone receptor (TR), respectively, and thus was named Trip230. Trip230 binds to Rb independently of thyroid hormone while it forms a complex with TR in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the protein Trip230 in cells, but not a mutant form that does not bind to TR, enhances specifically TR-dependent transcriptional activity. Coexpression of wild-type Rb, but not mutant Rb that fails to bind to Trip230, inhibits such activity. These results not only identify a coactivator molecule that modulates TR activity, but also uncover a role for Rb in a pathway that responds to thyroid hormone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yang-Feng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D013963:Thyroid Hormones