title: Systemic therapy with estrogen or estrogen with progestin has no effect on skin collagen in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of estrogen alone or combined with progestin on the amount and synthesis of skin collagen in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three early postmenopausal women were enrolled into this open, non-randomized parallel-groups study. Fifteen women received a continuous oral dose of 2 mg of 17 beta-estradiol and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate daily and 14 women an oral dose of 2 mg estradiol valerate daily. Fourteen subjects served as controls. The histology and type I and III procollagen immunohistochemistry of the skin, skin thickness, the amount of total collagen determined by a colorimetric method and the synthesis of type I and III collagens determined by analysing procollagen propeptides in the suction blister fluid were studied before the treatment and at 6 and 12 months. The proportional area of elastic fibers and the thickness of the epidermis were assessed from the sections obtained before the treatment and at 12 months, with computerized image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin thickness, the amount and rate of collagen synthesis, the proportional area of elastic fibers and the thickness of the epidermis were not affected by either 17 beta-estradiol and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate or 2 mg of estradiol valerate. No histological or immunohistological changes were detected in the skin specimens during the 12-month treatment period compared to the baseline or to the skin specimens of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 1-year treatment with systemic estrogen alone or combined with progestin does not change the amount of collagen or the rate of collagen synthesis in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Haapasaari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raudaskoski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kallioinen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suvanto-Luukkonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Läärä
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Risteli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001706:Biopsy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011347:Procollagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; C047202:procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide; C041876:procollagen Type III-N-terminal peptide; D004958:Estradiol; D003094:Collagen; D006909:Hydroxyproline; D009640:Norethindrone