title: Staging of esophageal carcinoma in vitro with 4.7-T MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of 4.7-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for evaluating the mural invasion of esophageal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven esophageal specimens containing 70 squamous cell carcinomas were studied with a 4.7-T MR system with a 4-cm-diameter surface coil. Spin-echo MR images were obtained with a field of view of 4-6 cm, matrix size of 256 x 256, and section thickness of 3 mm, which resulted in a voxel size of 0.08-0.16 mm3. MR findings were compared with histopathologic findings, which served as the standard of reference. Tumor invasion on MR images was determined by consensus of two radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T2-weighted images depicted six to eight layers of the normal esophageal wall; these correlated well with layers identified with histologic examination. In 66 (94%) of 70 cases of esophageal carcinoma, the depth of mural invasion visualized with MR imaging correlated well with that determined with histopathologic examination. The stage determined with MR imaging, however, was higher in two (3%) and lower in two (3%) cases than that determined with histopathologic examination. MR imaging enabled visualization of the gross features of tumor growth pattern, tumor ulceration, and adjacent lymph node involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging in vitro allows accurate assessment of the mural invasion of esophageal carcinoma and thus potentially enables preoperative histopathologic staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity