title: Expression and therapeutic response related to apolipoprotein E polymorphism in primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, affecting intestinal absorption and biliary secretion of bile acids, might also contribute to the variable course and response to drug treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. To test this possibility, we studied the apo E gene frequency, and the expression and response to drug therapy in different apo E isoforms of 88 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, randomized to ursodeoxycholic acid, colchicine or placebo treatments for 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the epsilon2 allele was 2.4 times higher (p<0.01) in the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis compared with the Finnish population. At entry the patients with the epsilon4 allele were significantly younger (p<0.01) than those with other epsilon alleles, while the severity of primary biliary cirrhosis was similar in the three apolipoprotein E phenotypes. Liver enzymes, acute hepatic inflammation, serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased by ursodeoxycholic acid only in the patients with the epsilon4 and homozygous epsilon3 alleles, but not in those with the epsilon2 allele. Improvements of liver enzyme tests by ursodeoxycholic acid were more marked in the patients with the epsilon4 than other epsilon alleles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data show that in primary biliary cirrhosis the epsilon2 allele is overrepresented, and suggest that the expression of primary biliary cirrhosis and response of the disease to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment are closely related to the apo E polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vuoristo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gylling
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leino
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehtola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tilvis
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003078:Colchicine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D003078:Colchicine