title: The expanding indications for clozapine.
abstract: Clozapine is increasingly being used for clinical indications in addition to treatment-resistant schizophrenia; this article reviews the relevant literature. The first section reassesses the risks associated with clozapine treatment, particularly agranulocytosis. The next section discusses its use for schizophrenia in patients who are treatment resistant, not treatment resistant, and intolerant of traditional drug treatments. Subsequent sections address its use in mood disorders, neurologic conditions, comorbid substance abuse, aggressive behavior, and childhood schizophrenia. Each includes the initial rationale for the use of clozapine in the disorder, a critical evaluation of the relevant literature, and theories as to why clozapine's unique pharmacodynamic profile may be efficacious for the specific condition. This body of literature suggests clozapine may be an effective treatment for a wide range of disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Longhurst
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mazure
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine