title: Detection of activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential usefulness of tests for detection of platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood from 3 healthy Thoroughbreds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microscopic and flow cytometric assays were used to evaluate spontaneous platelet aggregation, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Platelet activation was detected by evaluation of binding of anti-human fibrinogen to unactivated and ADP-, thrombin-, thrombin agonist receptor peptide-, and platelet activating factor-activated platelets. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates were evaluated microscopically and by flow cytometric determination of leukocyte fluorescence that resulted from binding of fluorescently labeled platelets to leukocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equine platelets readily aggregated spontaneously when blood was stirred at low, medium, and high speeds. Compared with unactivated platelets, activated platelets had a marked increase in the percentage of cells with increased fluorescence intensity and in mean fluorescence intensity. Unactivated platelets formed aggregates with neutrophils and monocytes, but not with lymphocytes. Activation of platelets resulted in a calcium-dependent increase in platelet-leukocyte aggregates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow cytometric techniques can be used to detect in vitro platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow cytometric techniques may be useful for detection of prothrombotic disorders in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Evanson
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D010976:Platelet Count; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000032:analysis; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013917:Thrombin