In pursuit of influenza: Fort Monmouth to Valhalla (and back).
In reviewing 50 years of personal research on influenza, I have journeyed, literally and figuratively, from an army camp epidemic in Fort Monmouth NJ in 1947 to a (literal and figurative) Valhalla, where I now conduct my research. Having entered the field as a physician, I have always sought practical applications of my work, yet in every instance, such applications have led me to seek further answers in basic research as new questions arose. I entered the area of influenza virus genetics by the back door through an interest in the effects of corticosteroid hormones on viral replication, used the genetic approach in analyzing the morphological variation of the virus and, in so doing, exploited the finding of a linkage of high-yield growth to spherical morphology. Today, all influenza vaccine viruses are high-yield genetic reassortants. Subsequent study of reassortant viruses facilitated the identification and isolation of the two major antigens of the virus in antigenic hybrids and showed their differing functions in the induction of immunity. In turn, a new approach to influenza vaccination has been discovered and is presently under clinical investigation.
Kilbourne
E D
ED
New York Medical College, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Valhalla 10595, USA.
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000266:history; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000266:history*; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009515:New Jersey; D009518:New York; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000266:history; D014774:Virulence
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D009439:Neuraminidase