title: Characterization of murine Flt4 ligand/VEGF-C.
abstract: Flt4 is a receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is expressed in the adult lymphatic endothelium and high endothelial venules. We have used a BIAcore assay to identify rodent and human cell conditioned media containing the ligand of Flt4 (Flt4-L). Receptor-based affinity chromatography was used to purify this growth factor, followed by amino acid sequencing and molecular cloning of the murine cDNA, the orthologue of human vascular endothelial growth factor-C and vascular endothelial growth factor related protein. The murine flt4-L gene was localized to chromosome 8 and demonstrated to be widely expressed. Flt4-L was found to have a hydrophobic signal sequence and a pro-peptide-like sequence that is removed to generate the mature N-terminus. In addition, the C-terminal region of Flt4-L has four repeats of a cysteine-rich motif that is presumably also proteolytically processed to generate the 21000 Mr polypeptide subunit of the Flt4-L homodimer. Recombinant Flt4-L activated Flt4 as judged by induction of tyrosyl phosphorylation, and induced mitogenesis in vitro of lymphatic endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Institute, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fitz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Towler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gassaway
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nickbarg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovacic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciarletta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giannotti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Finnerty
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zollner
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Leak
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D051381:Rats; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014162:Transfection; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3