title: A feasibility study of high dose rate brachytherapy in solitary urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of high dose rate brachytherapy in the treatment of T1-T3 solitary bladder cancer and to compare results and side-effects to those obtained by others using conventional, i.e., low dose rate regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1992 and 1995, 16 patients entered the study. Median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range: 45-79 years). Diagnostic transurethral resection showed four T1, five T2, and seven T3 lesions, all proven solitary by random biopsies. Radiotherapy consisted of low-dose preoperative external beam irradiation (3 x 3.5 Gy on the 3 consecutive days prior to implantation), followed by high dose rate brachytherapy (15 x 3 Gy during the 8 consecutive days thereafter). Median follow-up from the date of implantation was 23 months (range: 6-43 months). In 15 patients, cystoscopy was systematically performed during follow-up, whereas the 16th patient was followed on a clinical basis only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrences have occurred in 2 of 15 evaluable patients (both stage T3): metastasis in 1 and combined local plus distant failure in the other patient. Cystoscopic evaluation showed persisting alterations of the implanted portion of the bladder mucosa in 11 of 15 evaluable patients (ulceration, calcifications, and/or punctiform bleedings). Symptomatic radiation cystitis was mild and transient in 14 but persisting and severe in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents the feasibility of high dose rate brachytherapy in a selected group of bladder cancer patients. Both patient outcome and side-effects are comparable to the best results obtained with low dose rate schedules. Additional follow-up is still needed to enforce the comparison.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Oncologic Center, Academic Hospital Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soete
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Coen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verellen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keuppens
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Boe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storme
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery