title: Predictors of injury in ice hockey players. A multivariate, multidisciplinary approach.
abstract: Eighty-six male high school ice hockey players participated in this prospective study to determine both the incidence of injury in high school ice hockey and the influence of physical, situational, and psychosocial factors. Physical factors included height, weight, vision, previous injuries, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and injuries present at the time of screening evaluations. Situational factors examined were level of participation, playing time, player position, and games versus practices. Psychosocial factors such as confidence, stress, social support, positive states of mind, and mood states were also examined to determine their influences on injury. Twenty-seven injuries occurred during the 1994 to 1995 season. As hypothesized, the overall incidence of injury in high school hockey games (34.4 per 1000 player-game hours) was less than the incidence of injury in Junior A hockey (96.1 per 1000 player-game hours) and was more than previously reported for Bantam youth hockey (10.9 per 1000 player-game hours). Injuries occurred more often in games than in practices, usually as a result of collisions. Physical factors such as player position and previous injuries did not significantly predict injuries, but players in the high playing time group were more likely to be injured. Psychosocial factors of low vigor and high fatigue as measured by the Incredibly Short Profile of Mood States (ISPOMS) significantly predicted high school ice hockey injuries.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wiese-Bjornstal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gunnon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D001290:Attitude; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications; D005544:Forecasting; D006688:Hockey / Q000193:education / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014785:Vision, Ocular