title: Toxicant-induced acceleration of epididymal sperm transit: androgen-dependent proteins may be involved.
abstract: Previously we established that a 4-d exposure to chloroethylmethanesulphonate (CEMS), a chemical that significantly reduces serum testosterone (T) levels, resulted in a significant decrease in cauda epididymal sperm reserves in adult male rats while homogenization-resistant testicular spermatid numbers were unaffected. This epididymis-specific alteration occurred whether or not circulating T levels were maintained using T-filled Silastic implants. To determine whether this epididymis-specific decrease in sperm number was the result of decreased epididymal transit time, the vas deferens was ligated at its midpoint just prior to the first of 4 d of exposure to CEMS with and without T implantation. If epididymal sperm transit was accelerated due to treatment, there would be fewer sperm in the caput/corpus and more sperm in the cauda/vas of the treated animals compared to control. The number of sperm in the caput/corpus decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while the number of sperm in the cauda/vas increased significantly in both the CEMS and CEMS + T animals. Daily sperm production was unaffected, but transit time through the caput/corpus epididymidis was decreased significantly in both treatment groups. To determine if testicular fluid played a role in the epididymis-specific decline in sperm numbers, the efferent ducts were ligated at the same time the vas deferens was ligated. Again, the number of sperm in the caput/corpus decreased significantly with treatment while there was a reciprocal increase in the number of cauda/vas sperm relative to controls. Finally, to determine whether an androgen-mediated process might be involved, the known antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (HFLUT) was given to castrated, T-implanted animals in which the fertilizing ability of epididymidal sperm is maintained over 4 days. Once again, the number of sperm in the caput/corpus decreased significantly while there was a reciprocal increase in cauda/vas sperm. A quantitative evaluation of the protein profile in homogenates of the caput/corpus epididymidis revealed treatment-related diminutions in two proteins CC9 (M(r) = 42 kDa, pI = 4.2) and CC34 (M(r) = 35 kDa, pI = 5.5), and the level of each of these proteins in the caput/corpus was significantly correlated with the decrease in caput/corpus sperm number. Thus, both CEMS and HFLUT accelerate sperm transit through the proximal segment of the epididymis; and, while this effect is not dependent on the testis, it may involve a lesion in androgen-dependent epididymal function.
authors.affiliation: United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Klinefelter
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Suarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004822:Epididymis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013739:Testosterone