title: Endurance running performance in relation to cardiovascular risk indicators in adolescents.
abstract: We evaluated endurance running performance and body mass index (BMI) in relation to biochemical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indicators (s-lipids, s-insulin, s-ferritin), and blood pressure in 14- and 17-year-old healthy Swedish adolescents (n = 879), also considering current dietary intake and physical activity. Endurance running performance was assessed using a 3 km running test and height, body weight, waist and hip circumference, and skinfolds were measured at clinical examination. Physical activity and dietary intake were evaluated using self-reported 7-day-records. The results showed that high endurance running performance was related to a favourable CVD risk indicator profile. Multiple regression analyses including running time, BMI, physical activity, dietary fat and iron intake, and age as independent and s-lipids, s-insulin, and s-ferritin as dependent variables revealed that, in both boys and girls, low BMI was associated to a favourable s-lipid profile and lower s-insulin values and, in boys but not in girls, also to lower s-ferritin values. There were, however, no independent associations between level of physical activity or endurance running performance on the one side and s-lipids, s-insulin, or s-ferritin values on the other. High dietary fat intake was associated to s-lipids in a non-atherogenic direction; in boys to higher HDL-C and in girls to lower TG. In conclusion the study showed that body mass seems to be the most important factor explaining the differences in s-lipid and s-insulin values between adolescents with different level of physical performance capacity. An interesting finding was, that s-ferritin, being a proposed risk factor for CVD, in the older boys related to body mass in a similar way as s-lipids and s-insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Umea University, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernell
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001824:Body Constitution; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013548:Sweden; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D005293:Ferritins