title: Type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors tonically inhibit transmitter release in rat caudate nucleus: in vivo studies with (2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, a new potent and selective antagonist.
abstract: Anatomical, biochemical and electrophysiological studies have previously shown that cortico-striatal terminals contain abundant presynaptic group 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. Using brain slices we have previously shown that these receptors inhibit depolarization-induced transmitter release. Using microdialysis in freely moving rats, we now report the effects of group 2 mGlu receptor agonists and antagonists on glutamate concentration in the caudate extracellular fluid. A mild decrease (20-30%) in glutamate concentration in caudate dialysates was observed when 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid or (2S,3S,4S)-alpha-carboxycyclopropyl-glycine (L-CCG-1), mGlu receptor agonists, was locally administered. On the contrary, alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine, an antagonist of type 1 and type 2 mGlu receptors, increased the glutamate concentration in dialysates by up to 3.5-fold, and its effects were prevented by the simultaneous administration of L-CCG-1, a preferential type 2 mGlu receptor agonist. A significant increase of glutamate output in striatal dialysate was also found after local administration of (2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, another structurally unrelated, relatively selective and potent type 2 mGlu receptor antagonist. The results suggest that type 2 mGlu receptors tonically inhibit transmitter release from cortico-striatal terminals. Since the cortico-striatal pathway profoundly affects the function of a large percentage of caudate neurons, it is reasonable to predict that the use of selective type 2 mGlu receptor agents will be helpful for scientific and therapeutic studies on the physiopathology of basal ganglion disorders.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università di Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Attucci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peruginelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinozzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luneia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pellicciari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moroni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003515:Cycloleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C099854:2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine; D001565:Benzoates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D003515:Cycloleucine; C036361:1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane; C079694:alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005998:Glycine