title: Development and regenerative ability of bladder in the transgenic epidermal growth factor receptor gene knockout mouse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During embryogenesis we have previously shown that urothelium is essential for normal bladder growth and development. Urothelial growth may be mediated by peptides of the epidermal growth factor family, since the epidermal growth factor receptor is expressed in bladder urothelium and epidermal growth factor has been shown to induce deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and migration of urothelial cells in vitro. Bladders from transgenic mice in which the epidermal growth factor receptor gene has been knocked out were used to examine the possible role of epidermal growth factor in bladder growth and development, detrusor neoformation and bladder regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole bladders from transgenic knockout mice 0 to 10 days old were surgically implanted into the "subdetrusor" space of adult athymic nude rat hosts. After 10 days the dome of the host rat bladder was resected with the distal half of the transplanted knockout mouse bladder. Augmentation cystoplasty was then performed on the host rat bladder using acellular tissue matrix with a portion of the acellular matrix sutured directly to the transplanted knockout mouse bladder. The animals were sacrificed 2 or 3 weeks postoperatively. To test the ability of knockout bladder tissue to regenerate into the transplanted matrix species specific Hoechst dye was used to determine whether the cells within the acellular matrix were of host (rat) or transplant (knockout mouse) origin. Immunocytochemical analysis was used to assess muscle neoformation. Controls consisted of wild-type mouse bladders from the same litter. Since epidermal growth factor receptor knockout mice usually die in the neonatal period, the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in long-term muscle development was evaluated by transplanting knockout and wild-type control bladders under the renal capsule of athymic nude mouse hosts. These mice were sacrificed 30 days later and muscle development was assessed using immunocytochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologically the transplanted acellular tissue matrix in the experimental and control animals appeared the same, containing well differentiated urothelial and smooth muscle cells that had migrated into the transplanted matrix. Staining with species specific Hoechst dye revealed that urothelial and smooth muscle cells transplanted from the knockout and wild-type mouse bladders invaded and regenerated in the transplanted matrix. There was no apparent difference in the amount of knockout or control mouse tissue in the transplanted matrix. Also, the long-term renal capsule transplants revealed no difference in the amount of smooth muscle in the epidermal growth factor receptor knockout and wild-type bladders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway is not necessary for normal bladder development or bladder regeneration after injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DiSandro
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Werb
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics*; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D012038:Regeneration; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor