title: Preliminary studies on the role of plasminogen activator in seminal plasma of human and rhesus monkey.
abstract: Two types of plasminogen activators (PA), tissue type (tPA) and urokinase type (uPA), were identified in the seminal plasma of both the human and the rhesus monkey. We studied the possible relationship between PA activities in the seminal plasma and the sperm counts and motility and demonstrated that: (i) PA activity in human seminal plasma from infertile patients was associated with immotile spermatozoa; (ii) the treatment of fertile men with testosterone enanthate (TE) to induce azoospermia was accompanied by an increase in seminal PA activity; (iii) when monomer T4 (isolated from multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilforddi) was administered to fertile male rhesus monkeys to induce azoospermia, PA activities in seminal plasma increased considerably; and (iv) immunocytochemistry studies showed that both uPA and PAI-1 antigens were localized on the surface of human spermatozoa, indicating that human spermatozoa were capable of binding uPA and PAI-1 through their receptors or forming a complex. These data demonstrate that seminal PA activity may be related to azoospermia, and possibly, to the fertilizing capability of spermatozoa in primates.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000988:Antispermatogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000139:chemically induced; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012661:Semen / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029757:Tripterygium; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000988:Antispermatogenic Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013739:Testosterone; C004648:testosterone enanthate; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator