title: Retrovirus budding may constitute a port of entry for drug carriers.
abstract: This paper investigates the relation between viral infection and cell uptake of liposomes and nanoparticles. A defective virus was used to infect two types of cells: cells allowing virus budding (psi2neo cells) and cells bereft of a virus exit process (NIH 3T3 cells). This study has revealed that cell uptake of pH-sensitive-liposomes is highly dependent on the virus exit process, since it ensued only when virus budding occurred. This preferential uptake of pH-sensitive liposomes by infected cells was not carrier-specific because similar uptake was observed with non-biodegradable fluorescent nanoparticles using confocal microscopy. Also, inhibition of neo gene expression by oligonucleotide pH-sensitive-liposomes was only observed in the cell system (psi2neo) endowed with a virus exit process. Finally, increased membrane fluidity was noted in the infected cells, possibly reflecting membrane perturbation due to virus budding. We suggest that this membrane perturbation may be the key to the uptake of the different colloidal carriers. Infected cells could, thus, constitute a natural target for particulate drug carriers.
authors.affiliation: URA 147 CNRS, U 140 INSERM, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ropert
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mishal
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malvy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couvreur
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D010873:Pinocytosis; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011137:Polystyrenes