title: Low energy Helium-Neon laser in the prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant: results of a double blind randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficiency of Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser in the prevention of oral mucositis induced by high dose chemoradiotherapy before autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1993 and 1995, 30 consecutive patients receiving an autologous peripheral stem-cell or bone marrow transplant (BMT) after high dose chemoradiotherapy were randomized to possibly receive prophylactic laser to the oral mucosa after giving informed consent. Chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide, 60 mg/kg intravenously (I.V.) on day (d)-5 and d-4 in 27 cases, or melphalan 140 mg/kg I.V. on d-4 in three cases. Total body irradiation (TBI) consisted of 12 Gy midplane dose in six fractions (4 Gy/day for three days). He-Ne laser (632.8 nm wavelength, power 60 mW) applications were performed daily from d-5 to d-1 on five anatomic sites of the oral mucosa. Oral examination was performed daily from d0 to d + 20. Mucositis was scored according to an oral exam guide with a 16 item scale of which four were assessed by the patients themselves. Mean daily self assessment scores for oral pain, ability to swallow and oral dryness were measured. A daily mucositis index (DMI) and a cumulative oral mucositis score (COMS) were established. Requirement for narcotics and parenteral nutrition was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The COMS was significantly reduced among laser treated (L+) patients (p = 0.04). The improvement of DMI in L+ patients was also statistically significant (p < 0.05) from d + 2 to d + 7. Occurrence and duration of grade III oral mucositis were reduced in L+ patients (p = 0.01). Laser applications reduced oral pain as assessed by patients (p = 0.05) and L+ patients required less morphine (p = 0.05). Xerostomia and ability to swallow were improved among the L+ patients (p = 0.005 and p = 0.01, respectively). Requirement for parenteral nutrition was not reduced (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helium-Neon laser treatment was well tolerated, feasible in all cases, and reduced high dose chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Optimal laser treatment schedules still needs to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancer Center, Marseilles, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cowen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tardieu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Resbeut
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faucher
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Franquin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000628:therapy; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000528:radiation effects; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000628:therapy; D009356:Neon; D010147:Pain Measurement; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006371:Helium; D009356:Neon