title: Analytical methods for the determination of organochlorine compounds. Application to environmental samples in the Slovak Republic.
abstract: The paper deals with the isolation of chlorinated phenols, benzenes and insecticides from water, soil and vegetable samples. A review of the current procedures is presented. Solid-phase extraction on Empore extraction discs was experimentally evaluated for isolation of the compounds from surface and ground waters. For the isolation of chlorophenols from soil and vegetable samples, a method of simultaneous steam distillation/extraction was elaborated which proved to be also applicable for waste waters and sludges. Chlorinated insecticides and benzenes were extracted from soil and vegetable samples with the Soxhlet procedure. Final determinations were carried out by GC-electron-capture detection. The recoveries of the methods were well over 70%, with relative standard deviations below 14%. Samples of surface and ground waters, soil and vegetables, mostly from the vicinity of chemical and municipal waste dumping sites, were analysed. The highest contamination levels were found for chlorinated phenols in surface water from the vicinity of a former chemical waste dumping place where the concentrations of 2,6-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were 4.3 and 3.9 micrograms l-1, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veningerová
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prachar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovacicová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uhnák
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018154:Slovakia; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D010636:Phenols; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D001554:Benzene