title: Management of ectopic ureters: experience with the upper tract approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The necessity of removing the ureteral stump after upper tract surgery for an ectopic ureter has been debated. We reviewed the records of patients initially treated at the kidney level to evaluate indications for later stump removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 32 patients with 33 ectopic ureters treated at the kidney level during the last 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ectopic ureters were associated with duplicated collecting systems in 31 cases and with single systems in 2. Upper pole heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy were performed in 23 units and upper tract reconstruction was done in 8. Both patients with single systems underwent nephrectomy. Four patients (12%) required repeat surgery at the bladder level, including 1 who underwent ureteral reimplantation for persistent ipsilateral lower pole reflux and simultaneous upper pole stump removal. Preoperative voiding cystourethrography revealed reflux into the ectopic ureter in 1 patient with postoperative reflux and infections. The remaining 2 patients required a repeat operation to remove the stump due to recurrent urinary tract infections and newly detected reflux into the stump, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with ectopic ureters can be treated by addressing only the upper urinary tract. No patient who presented with incontinence required ureteral stump removal. Whether noted preoperatively or postoperatively, reflux into the ectopic ureter necessitated ureteral stump removal. Three of the 6 patients (50%) who had reflux to the ipsilateral kidney required lower tract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Plaire
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Casale
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012086:Reoperation; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*