title: MRI of pulmonary embolism using Gd-DTPA-polyethylene glycol polymer enhanced 3D fast gradient echo technique in a canine model.
abstract: This study was to evaluate the accuracy of MR angiography (MRA) using a Gd-DTPA-polyethylene glycol polymer (Gd-DTPA-PEG) with a 3D fast gradient echo (3D fgre) technique in diagnosing pulmonary embolism in a canine model. Pulmonary emboli were created in six mongrel dogs (20-30 kg) by injecting tantalum oxide-doped autologous blood clots into the femoral veins via cutdowns. MRI was performed with a 1.5 T GE Signa imager using a 3D fgre sequence (11.9/2.3/15 degrees) following intravenous injection of 0.06 mmol Gd/kg of Gd-DTPA-PEG. The dogs were euthanized and spiral CT of the lungs were then obtained on the deceased dogs. The MRI images were reviewed independently and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were used for statistical analysis using spiral CT results as the gold standard. The pulmonary emboli were well visualized on spiral CT. Out of 108 pulmonary segments in the six dogs, 24 contained emboli >2 mm and 27 contained emboli < or = 2 mm. With unblinded review, MRI detected 79% of emboli >2 mm and only 48% of emboli < or = 2 mm. The blinded review results were significantly worse. Gd-DTPA-PEG enhanced 3D fgre MRI is potentially able to demonstrate pulmonary embolism with fairly high degree of accuracy, but specialized training for the interpretations will be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pelc
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Napel
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Goris
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hollett
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C088921:gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid polyethylene glycol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA