title: Surgical management of superficial bladder cancer (stages Ta/T1/CIS).
abstract: Transurethral surgery is the primary treatment for patients with superficial bladder cancer. Either electrical or laser thermal destruction is used most often but there is no proven therapeutic benefit for one method over the other. Treatment failure is usually a consequence of new tumor occurrence rather than the failure to eradicate existing visible tumors. Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy improves results over surgery alone in most circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents