title: Phosphotyrosyl proteins in childhood rhabdomyosarcomas: phosphorylation of catenins and components of the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor signaling cascade.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation, histology, and cytogenetics. The growth of some RMS cells has been found to be regulated by the tyrosine kinase insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type I receptor. However, RMS cells exhibit variable sensitivity to inhibitors of tyrosine kinases and IGF receptors. Collectively, these heterogeneous features suggest that differences exist in the growth regulatory pathways of RMS. The objective of this study is to identify active tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathways in embryonal and alveolar RMS cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  RMS tumor samples and cell lines representing both embryonal and alveolar histologic subtypes have been analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques to characterize phosphotyrosyl protein patterns and to identify tyrosine phosphorylated proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RMS cells can be characterized based on the patterns of phosphotyrosyl proteins, including the phosphorylation status of the catenin-like protein Cas1 and the signal adapter protein SHC, and the activation of IGF type I receptor signaling cascades including the formation of SHC-GRB2 signal protein complexes and MAP kinase activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhabdomyosarcomas, especially the embryonal histologic subtype, are heterogeneous at the level of tyrosine kinase signal transduction. It will be important to characterize the growth regulatory pathways active in individual RMS tumors before targeting molecular therapies to this malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hutt
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maihle
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000293:Adolescent; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051177:Catenins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000095002:Delta Catenin
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015820:Cadherins; D051177:Catenins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495948:GRB2 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000095002:Delta Catenin