title: Arterial and venous repair with vascular clips: comparison with suture closure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonpenetrating, arcuate-legged titanium vascular closure staple (VCS) clips were initially developed for microvascular anastomoses with little experience of their use in larger vessels. The purpose of this study was to compare the VCS clips with standard suture closure of arteriotomies and venotomies in common iliac vessels of pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In nine pigs, longitudinal 1 cm iliac arterial and venous incisions were repaired with VCS clips on one side and continuous 6-0 polypropylene suture on the other, and the macroscopic and microscopic results were assessed after 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time required for vessel repair was significantly shorter with clips than with sutures both in arteries (51 +/- 9 vs 414 +/- 36 seconds) and in veins (100 +/- 32 vs 439 +/- 45 seconds). There was no significant difference in the inner diameter, intimal thickness, or intima-to-media height ratios of the arteries or veins after either method of closure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repair of 1 cm incisions in small-diameter arteries and veins with VCS clips results in wound healing as good as that achieved with standard suture closure, when assessed for patency, leakage, degree of narrowing, and intimal reaction. The time required for clip closure is considerably shorter than for suture closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppäniemi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wherry
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pikoulis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hufnagel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waasdorp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fishback
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013537:Sutures; D013552:Swine; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing