title: Structure-activity relationships of 4-(phenylethynyl)-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as highly selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists.
abstract: 4-(Phenylethynyl)-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives are selective antagonists at human A3 adenosine receptors, with Ki values in a radioligand binding assay vs [125I]AB-MECA (N6-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)-5'-(N-methylcarbamoyl)adenosine) in the submicromolar range. In this study, structure-activity relationships at various positions of the dihydropyridine ring (the 3- and 5-acyl substituents, the 4-aryl substituent, and 1-methyl group) were probed synthetically. Using the combined protection of the 1-ethoxymethyl and the 5-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl] ester groups, a free carboxylic acid was formed at the 5-position allowing various substitutions. Selectivity of the new analogues for cloned human A3 adenosine receptors was determined vs radioligand binding at rat brain A1 and A2A receptors. Structure-activity analysis at adenosine receptors indicated that pyridyl, furyl, benzofuryl, and thienyl groups at the 4-position resulted in, at most, only moderate selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors. Ring substitution (e.g., 4-nitro) of the 4-phenylethylnyl group did not provide enhanced selectivity, as it did for the 4-styryl-substituted dihydropyridines. At the 3-position of the dihydropyridine ring, esters were much more selective for A3 receptors than closely related thioester, amide, and ketone derivatives. A cyclic 3-keto derivative was 5-fold more potent at A3 receptors than a related open-ring analogue. At the 5-position, a homologous series of phenylalkyl esters and a series of substituted benzyl esters were prepared and tested. (Trifluoromethyl)-, nitro-, and other benzyl esters substituted with electron-withdrawing groups were specific for A3 receptors with nanomolar Ki values and selectivity as high as 37000-fold. A functionalized congener bearing an [(aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl group was also prepared as an intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active conjugates.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Rhee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patchornik
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000345:Affinity Labels / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000345:Affinity Labels; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C100736:MRS 1097; C107728:MRS 1191; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; C089722:N(6)-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide; D000241:Adenosine