title: Refractive variation under accommodative demand: curvital and scaled torsional variances and covariance across the meridians of the eye.
abstract: Autorefractor measurements were taken on the right eye of 10 students with an external target at vergences -1.00 and -3.00 D. The refractive errors in the form of sphere, cylinder, and axis were converted to vectors h and variance-covariance matrices calculated for different reference meridians. Scatter plots are drawn in symmetric dioptric power space. The profiles of curvital and scaled torsional variances, the scaled torsional fraction, and the scaled torsional-curvital correlation are shown using a polar representation. This form of representation provides a meridional pattern of variation under accommodative demand. The profile for scaled torsional variance is characteristically in the form of a pair of rabbit ears. At both target vergences curvital variance is larger than scaled torsional variance in all the meridians of the eye: the relative magnitudes are quantified by the scaled torsional fraction. An increase in accommodative demand generally results in an increase in variance. The rabbit ears usually become larger but less well divided. The correlation between curvital and torsional powers is usually positive in the first quadrant and negative in the second quadrant. Typical, atypical, and mean typical responses are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa. rvg@na.rau.ac.za
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: van Gool
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D009907:Optometry / Q000379:methods; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology