title: Anti-angiogenic treatment with linomide as adjuvant to surgical castration in experimental prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Escape from "castration inhibition," be it surgical or chemically induced, is still the major problem in prostate cancer treatment. New agents that can be given as adjuvant therapy are needed. Linomide has demonstrated both anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity with little toxicity in the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate tumor system. Therefore it was deemed essential to study the efficacy of this drug in the adjuvant situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linomide, roquinimex, was administered 3 times a week i.p. alone or in conjunction with castration to rats bearing the Dunning R-3327 PAP rat prostate tumor and its effect on tumor growth analyzed. Similar experiments, in which Linomide 25 mg./kg./day was given in the drinking water were carried out in rats with the Dunning R-3327 G tumor. The effect of treatment on blood vessel density and blood flow in the tumor was also assessed using an image analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linomide, 2.5 & 40 mg./kg., administered from the day after castration inhibited the regrowth of the Dunning R-3327 PAP tumors In addition, Linomide 40 mg./kg. administered after tumor regrowth occurred following castration(week 10) inhibited further tumor growth. Inhibition of tumor regrowth after castration was also found in the Dunning G tumor. When Linomide treatment was stopped regrowth of the tumors occurred, either in the same animal or on transplantation to new intact hosts, demonstrating that the tumor cells were still viable. Tumor blood vessel density was decreased both after castration and Linomide treatment alone, 40 and 32% respectively. On combination of castration and Linomide a 60% decrease in blood vessel density was found. This was significantly different from either of the two treatments given alone. The enhancement on combining castration and Linomide was confirmed by a further decrease in blood flow, from 19 and 22 to 12 ml. per minute/gm. tissue respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linomide, an anti-angiogenic drug, inhibits escape from "castration inhibition".
authors.affiliation: Pharmacia & Upjohn, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartley-Asp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vukanovic
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strandgården
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polacek
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Isaacs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002369:Castration; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines; C045282:roquinimex