title: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Localized inflammation is a physiological protective response which is generally tightly controlled by the body at the site of injury. Loss of this local control or an overly activated response results in an exaggerated systemic response which is clinically identified as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Compensatory mechanisms are initiated in concert with SIRS and outcome (resolution, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or death) is dependent on the balance of SIRS and such compensatory mechanisms. No directed therapies have been successful to date in influencing outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review examines the current spectrum and pathophysiology of SIRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further clinical and basic scientific research is required to develop the global picture of SIRS, its associated family of syndromes and their natural histories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Hagen
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000503:physiopathology; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide