title: Alcoholic carbowax prefixation and formal alcohol fixation. A new technique for urine cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cellular yield and sensitivity of cancer detection by urine cytology using alcoholic carbowax as a prefixative and formal alcohol as a final fixative with the conventional centrifugation-and-smearing method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred seventeen voided urine specimens were examined. Each specimen was divided into two equal portions. One portion was centrifuged and wet fixed (CS). The other was treated with alcoholic carbowax as a prefixative and then fixed in formal alcohol (CW). The smears were studied for cellular yield, morphology, cancer detection rate and typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CW method yielded significantly more cells with excellent morphology. It detected 25 more abnormal cases out of a total of 86, including 5 more transitional cell carcinomas, as compared to the CS method. This finding was statistically significant (P < .0000003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CW method is simple and enhances cellular yield and the cancer detection rate as compared to the conventional centrifuge-and-smear technique.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology; D005404:Fixatives; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D005404:Fixatives