title: Design of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST).
abstract: TOAST is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial testing the usefulness of a new antithrombotic drug in improving the outcome of persons with acute ischemic stroke. Until recently, no clinical trial testing a treatment for ischemic stroke had demonstrated efficacy in outcome. Design problems of previously conducted trials with inconclusive results may partly explain their failures. During the design of TOAST, the investigators addressed several issues so the trial could test the treatment accurately. We report the strategies used in designing, implementing, and coordinating the trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Woolson
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bendixen
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wasek
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Grimsman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; C035838:danaparoid