title: The comparative clinical efficacy of pyrophosphate/triclosan, copolymer/triclosan and zinc citrate/triclosan dentifrices for the reduction of supragingival calculus formation.
abstract: Three triclosan-containing "multi-benefit" dentifrices were compared for clinical efficacy in reducing supragingival calculus formation following a dental prophylaxis. A total of 544 subjects completed a double-blind parallel-group clinical study using the Volpe-Manhold Index (VMI) to record severity and occurrence of supragingival calculus. The study design included a pre-test period where the calculus formation rate was measured in subjects brushing with a placebo dentifrice. Following a prophylaxis, subjects were stratified for age, gender and VMI scores and assigned to one of four treatments: 1) a dentifrice containing 5.0% soluble pyrophosphate/0.145% fluoride as NaF/silica abrasive/0.28% triclosan (hereafter PPi/TCS-comparable to Crest Complete dentifrice, Procter & Gamble, UK); 2) a commercial dentifrice containing 2.0% Gantrez acid copolymer/ 0.145% fluoride as NaF/silica abrasive/0.30% triclosan (hereafter Gan/TCS-Colgate Total dentifrice, Colgate-Palmolive Company, UK); 3) a commercial dentifrice containing 0.5% zinc citrate trihydrate/0.15% fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate/silica abrasive/0.20% triclosan (hereafter Zn/TCS-Mentadent P dentifrice, Unilever, UK); and 4) a control dentifrice comprised of 0.145% fluoride as NaF/silica abrasive (hereafter Control). Subjects were instructed to use their assigned dentifrice at least twice per day and to brush as they do normally. Supragingival calculus formation was assesed at two and four months using site-specific and whole-mouth VMI indices for both calculus severity and occurrence. Following four months of use, the PPi/TCS dentifrice provided statistically significant reductions in calculus severity (22-23%) and occurrence (15%) as compared with the Control dentifrice. The Zn/TCS dentifrice also provided significant reductions in calculus severity (17-19%) and occurrence (12-13%) as compared with the Control. The Gan/TCS produced no statistically significant reductions in calculus formation (occurrence or severity) compared with the Control. The PPi/TCS dentifrice provided statistically significant reductions in calculus severity (15-21%) and occurrence (12-16%) as compared with the Gan/TCS dentifrice. These results support the clinical effectiveness of PPi/TCS and Zn/TCS dentifrices for the reduction of supragingival dental calculus formation following a dental prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Procter and Gamble Company, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fairbrother
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kowolik
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Curzon
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bartizek
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008298:Maleates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003802:Dentifrices; D011756:Diphosphates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008298:Maleates; C098761:Mentadent Dentifrice; D009067:Mouthwashes; D011095:Polyethylenes; D014260:Triclosan; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C043105:poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride); D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide