title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 release from white blood cells induced by different graft materials in vitro are affected by pentoxifylline and iloprost.
abstract: Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines produced by white blood cells (WBCs) at the site of implantation are important for the biocompatibility of vascular grafts. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from WBCs incubated with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or woven Dacron grafts. In a second series the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and iloprost (ILO), both known to inhibit white blood cell function, on this release were determined. Woven Dacron grafts induced significantly higher release of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 compared to ePTFE. TNF-alpha was detectable first after 2 h, whereas IL-6 was seen after 4 h. Maximum values were reached at 6 and 12 h, respectively. The addition of an endotoxin gave more pronounced patterns of cytokine release not influenced by time. Preincubation with both PTX and ILO at final concentrations of 100 and 10 micrograms/mL, respectively, reduced significantly the TNF-alpha release without differences between the two graft materials, whereas the effect on the IL-6 release varied and was graft material-dependent. In conclusion, graft material-dependent induction of TNF-alpha and IL-6 from WBCs was demonstrated. PTX and ILO influenced the cytokine release. It might be suggested that graft material-induced cytokine production could contribute to intimal hyperplasia in vivo. The present findings encourage further studies regarding graft material-induced WBC alterations and the role of pharmacologic agents influencing this function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swartbol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Truedsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pärsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norgren
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016285:Iloprost; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016285:Iloprost; D010431:Pentoxifylline