title: Variation in the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux using micturating cystourethrography.
abstract: Variability in the interpretation of micturating cystourethrography by paediatric radiologists for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children was evaluated. All 265 micturating cystourethrograms (MCUs) that were available from 304 consecutive children aged 0.5-61 months-who were investigated after their first urine infection between 1993 and 1995 as part of a prospective cohort study-were selected for interpretation. Three experienced paediatric radiologists from the same department independently interpreted the MCUs according to the grading system of the International Reflux Study in Children, from grades 0 to V, with the presence of intrarenal reflux also noted. Apart from being informed that urine infection was the indication for the MCU, no other clinical information was given to the radiologists. The indices of variability used were the percentage of agreement and the kappa statistic, expressed as a percentage. Both measures were weighted with integers representing the number of categories from perfect agreement. Disagreement was analysed for children and kidneys. For the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in individual patients, including grade, the percentage of agreement was 96%-97% (kappa 90%-91%) and the weighted percentage of agreement was 96%-98% (weighted kappa 93%-94%). The same high level of agreement was present for individual kidneys, with a percentage of agreement of 97%-98% (kappa 89%-92%) and a weighted percentage of agreement of 98%-99% (kappa 94%-95%). There was near perfect agreement in the interpretation of radiological micturating cystourethrography among three experienced paediatric radiologists for the diagnosis and grade of vesicoureteric reflux. Any variations in the medical care of children suspected of having vesicoureteric reflux are not explained by differences in the reporting of this diagnostic test.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Research, New Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Irwig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onikul
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sureshkumar
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*