title: Evaluating x-ray detectors for radiographic applications: a comparison of ZnSCdS:Ag with Gd2O2S:Tb and Y2O2S:Tb screens.
abstract: ZnSCdS:Ag was evaluated as a radiographic image receptor and was compared with Gd2O2S:Tb and Y2O2S:Tb phosphors often used in radiography. The evaluation of a radiographic receptor was modelled as a three-step process: (i) determination of light output intensity as related to the input radiation dose, (ii) determination of visible light characteristics with respect to radiographic optical detectors, and (iii) determination of image information transfer efficiency. The light intensity emitted per unit of x-ray exposure rate was measured and theoretically calculated for laboratory prepared screens with coating thicknesses from 20 to 220 mg cm-2 and tube voltages from 50 to 250 kVp. ZnSCdS:Ag light intensity was higher than that of Gd2O2S:Tb or Y2O2S:Tb for tube voltages less than 70 and 80 kVp respectively. ZnSCdS:Ag displayed the highest x-ray to light conversion efficiency (0.207) and had optical properties close to those of Gd2O2S:Tb and Y2O2S:Tb, and its emission spectrum was well matched to optical detectors. The image information transfer properties described by the modulation transfer function, the quantum noise transfer function, and the detective quantum efficiency were calculated for both general radiographic and mammographic conditions and were found to be intermediate between those of Gd2O2S:Tb and Y2O2S:Tb screens. Conclusively, ZnSCdS:Ag is an efficient phosphor well suited to radiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Instrumentation Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kandarakis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavouras
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Panayiotakis
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nomicos
mesh_terms: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011859:Radiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013440:Sulfides; D014962:X-Ray Film; D014965:X-Rays; D015019:Yttrium; D017967:Zinc Compounds
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C034939:cadmium sulfide; C021197:gadolinium sulfoxylate; C038559:yttrium oxide sulfide; D015019:Yttrium; D005682:Gadolinium; C031238:zinc sulfide