title: Aspirin induces increased expression of both prostaglandin H synthase-1 and prostaglandin H synthase-2 in cultured human placental trophoblast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that aspirin affects trophoblast like other epithelial cells do, by inhibiting prostanoid production, inducing prostaglandin H synthase-2 expression, and enhancing secretion of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotrophoblast from placentas (n = 15) of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were cultured in medium 199 for 4 to 72 hours in the presence or absence of aspirin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aspirin (10(-4) M) inhibited (p < 0.01) average trophoblast prostaglandin E2 release by 60% and thromboxane B2 by 86%. Western immunoblotting showed the prostaglandin H synthase-1 was constitutively expressed in cytotrophoblast, and aspirin treatment caused a twofold increase in prostaglandin H synthase-1 expression. Prostaglandin H synthase-2 was also constitutively expressed in untreated cytotrophoblast but at lower levels than prostaglandin H synthase-1. Aspirin enhanced prostaglandin H synthase-2 expression in trophoblast cultures, but prostaglandin H synthase-2 contributed a range of only 10% to 33% (n = 4) of the total cellular prostaglandin H synthase protein pool even after aspirin induction. The increased prostaglandin H synthase expression depended on both transcription and translation because actinomycin D and cycloheximide each inhibited the increased prostaglandin H synthase protein expression after aspirin treatment. The aspirin induction of prostaglandin H synthase was accompanied by decreased release of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trophoblast differs from other cells studied because aspirin enhances expression of both prostaglandin H synthase-1 and prostaglandin H synthase-2 isozymes while decreasing, instead of increasing, the secretion of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. The aspirin effects on prostaglandin H synthase synthesis and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid release in trophoblast suggest that the mechanisms of action for aspirin in the prophylaxis of preeclampsia may be more diverse than simply altering platelet thromboxane production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1094, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polakoski
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Everson
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007536:Isomerism; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D003609:Dactinomycin; D013929:Thromboxane B2; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; D003513:Cycloheximide; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D001241:Aspirin