title: Aspects of assessment and management of velopharyngeal dysfunction in developing countries.
abstract: Proper assessment of patients with velopharyngeal valve incompetence is a mandatory prerequisite for optimal management. The protocol of assessment of Ain Shams University, Phoniatric Department, uses three levels of assessment of velopharyngeal valve incompetence according to the complexity of the armamentarium used. This allows application of those parts of the protocol that suit the needs of the different socioeconomic levels and geographical locations. Firstly, the elementary diagnostic procedures, which are rather simple, noninvasive, but essentially subjective. Despite the clinical feasibility of these procedures, documentation of the data is made utilizing the tools at the second level of assessment in that protocol (clinical diagnostic aids). This level comprises video-nasofiberscopy and high fidelity voice recording. An attempt to extract quasi-quantitative measures from the hitherto qualitative video-nasofiberscopy is made. The third level of assessment, namely additional instrumental measures, comprises CT scanning of the velopharyngeal port, aerodynamics, and acoustic analysis. The results of the three levels of the protocol are presented. Their significance and clinical efficacy are discussed. Some community-related problems that have faced the cleft palate team are outlined. Their sociocultural significance in a developing country is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of ORL, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. nkotby@attmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kotby
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Abdel Haleem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hegazi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Safe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003906:Developing Countries; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery