title: Mechanical stability of thoracolumbar pedicle screw fixation. The effect of crosslinks.
abstract: METHODS
  Pedicle screw fixation for unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries is relatively new. The effect of one or two crosslinks on rotational and lateral bending stiffness was studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rotational and bending stiffness values of thoracolumbar fractures fixed by the AO's internal fixation system with zero, one, or two crosslinks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight embalmed thoracolumbar spine segments. (T12-L2) were instrumented at T12 and L2 with a pedicle screw-rod system. Rotational stiffness was determined for 10 cycles to 2.5 degrees, 3.5 degrees, and 5 degrees of rotation, with and without one or two crosslinks, and lateral bending stiffness for 10 cycles to 0.25, 0.40, and 0.50 inch. The results showed a clear trend toward increased stiffness with crosslinks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stiffness values of the two-crosslink construct at 2.5 degrees and 3.5 degrees of rotation were significantly higher than those of the zero-crosslink system. Also, the bending stiffness of the two-crosslink construct was significantly higher than that of no-crosslink system at all of the displacements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotational stiffness values of the two-crosslink construct were significantly higher than those of the zero-crosslink system, at 2.5 degrees and 3.5 degrees of rotation. Lateral bending stiffness of the two-crosslink system was higher than that of the zero-crosslink system at all levels of displacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sadasivan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Albright
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008422:Materials Testing; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D014102:Torsion Abnormality