title: Endothelin-1 levels in induced sputum samples from asthmatic and normal subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent bronchoconstrictor which may have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The levels of ET-1 in saliva, induced sputum, and plasma from asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sputum induction was performed on 28 asthmatic subjects and nine normal volunteers. ET-1 levels were measured in plasma, saliva, and sputum samples and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed on saliva and sputum samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET-1 was present in the following order of concentration in both normal and asthmatic subjects: saliva > sputum > plasma (saliva, median 30.1 and 23.9 pg/ ml, respectively; sputum, median 15.5 and 11.2 pg/ml; plasma, median 3.1 and 3.6 pg/ ml). There were no differences between asthmatic and normal subjects in the levels of ET-1 in each fluid. The levels of ET-1 in asthmatic subjects were not influenced by whether or not they were taking inhaled steroids. RP-HPLC of sputum and saliva confirmed the presence of ET-1 in these fluids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of ET-1 can be measured in saliva and sputum obtained by sputum induction in asthmatic and healthy subjects and, although no difference was found in basal levels of ET-1 in sputum, saliva and plasma between normal subjects and asthmatics without bronchoconstriction, it is apparent that ET-1 is produced or released locally within the respiratory tract in concentrations higher than those in plasma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respitratory Medicine, West Glasgow Hospitals University NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Dagg
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McSharry
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1