title: Which patients will benefit from psychosocial intervention after cystectomy for bladder cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate: (i) if early psychosocial intervention after cystectomy for bladder cancer can assist psychosocial rehabilitation; (ii) if the outcome of such intervention correlates with the patient's psychological defensive strategies as revealed with the meta-contrast technique (MCT); and (iii) if the patient's general philosophical outlook is important in this context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 50 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, 17 received an ileal conduit, 17 a continent urinary reservoir with abdominal stoma and 16 an orthotopic neobladder. Twenty-four of the patients were randomized to psychosocial intervention, comprising weekly counselling 4-9 weeks after surgery. All patients were then evaluated with the Sickness-Impact Profile (SIP) standard questionnaire and the MCT (a projective test of percept-genetic model) was used to reflect individual defensive strategies at the subconscious or unconscious level. The patient's general philosophical outlook was recorded before and after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the results of the SIP between the intervention and the non-intervention group, as a whole or in its psychosocial dimension. However, intervention benefited patients with continent cutaneous diversion, whose scores on the psychosocial SIP dimension were lower than in the groups with ileal conduit diversion or orthotopic bladder replacement (P < 0.05). The MCT analysis of defensive strategies identified three clusters of patients characterized mainly by isolation and repression, repression and stereotypy or sensitivity and stereotypy. Analysis for cluster identification showed no significant SIP score differences between intervention and non-intervention groups. In an analysis of single defensive strategies, stereotypy was associated with higher total SIP score, but not significantly. Three clusters of philosophical outlook were identified; in one cluster, characterized by a belief in a supernatural power and philosophical interest, the psychosocial SIP scores were lower in the patients who obtained emotional support and the reverse in a cluster with contrary attitudes, although neither differences were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial intervention assisted the psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with continent cutaneous urinary diversion. Defensive strategies and philosophical outlook generally did not influence the outcome of intervention. However, such programmes may be helpful for some patients, mainly those with a basically pessimistic disposition, a general interest in philosophical questions and often using defensive strategies of stereotypy and repression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Månsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colleen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hermerén
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003376:Counseling; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012944:Social Support; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*