title: Resection and immediate microvascular reconstruction in the management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) remains a difficult and challenging problem. The traditional approach using debridement, antibiotics, and occasionally hyperbaric oxygen is usually successful in treating minimal ORN. However, when bone and soft-tissue necrosis is extensive, the conservative approach usually requires intensive care over a long period of time and often yields unsatisfactory functional and cosmetic results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the past 5 years, we have used radical resection of the mandible with immediate microvascular reconstruction in the treatment of extensive ORN of the mandible. This aggressive surgical approach was used in six patients with advanced ORN of the mandible, all of whom had failed initial conservative treatment, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy in three. A fibular free graft with microvascular anastomosis was used in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients healed primarily with minimal postoperative morbidity and excellent cosmetic results. Two patients subsequently required removal of some of their hardware. One patient had placement of osseointegrated implants with an excellent cosmetic and functional result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microvascular reconstruction with its own blood supply seems to expedite bone healing and limit further osteoradionecrosis of the remaining mandible. Although prevention is the primary goal in radiation injury, our experience suggests that radical resection with free microvascular reconstruction offers significant advantages to selected patients with extensive ORN of the mandible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaha
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Spiro
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zlotolow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huryn
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures