title: XIST expression in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
abstract: During mouse preimplantation development, the exclusive expression of the Xist gene from the paternally inherited allele is thought to play a role in the inactivation of the paternally inherited X chromosome in the extra-embryonic cell lineages of the developing female embryo. Recently, inactivation of the paternally inherited X chromosome has also been shown to occur in the extraembryonic cell lineages of the human female conceptus. In this paper, we determine whether the pattern of XIST expression in human preimplantation embryos is similarly correlated with paternal X inactivation. We developed procedures sensitive to the single cell, for the simultaneous analysis of XIST and HPRT expression and of sexing, initially using human fibroblast cells. Application of these procedures to human cleavage-stage embryos derived by in vitro fertilization revealed a pattern of XIST expression different from that in the mouse. Transcripts of the XIST gene were detected as early as the 1-cell zygote and, with increasing efficiency, through to the 8-cell stage of preimplantation development. In addition, transcripts of XIST were detected in both male (hence from the maternally inherited allele) and female preimplantation embryos. This pattern of expression is not consistent with a role for the early expression of the XIST gene in the choice of paternal X inactivation in the extraembryonic cell lineages of the developing human embryo.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Embryology Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuccotti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serhal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes; D011247:Pregnancy; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014157:Transcription Factors; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase