title: Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. Prospective randomized study of outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare open appendectomy (OA) with laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for length of the operation, complications, postoperative pain control, length of hospitalization, postdischarge recovery time, and hospital charges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized clinical trial of patients with acute appendicitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care, urban teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of patients (aged > or = 12 years; weight, > 49.7 kg) admitted to a surgical teaching service with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patients were prospectively randomized to either OA or LA during a 20-month period (from April 1, 1994, to December 31, 1995). Fifty-seven patients were initially enrolled in the study; 7 did not complete the study because of a protocol violation. All remaining patients completed the study, including postdischarge follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two (7.4%) of the 27 patients in the LA group required conversion to OA because of technical difficulties. One patient (in the OA group) underwent a second surgical procedure for drainage of a pelvic abscess. Three patients (in the LA group) required second surgical procedures. For analysis, no crossovers were allowed and all patients remained in their originally randomized group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Length of the operation, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative pain control, length of hospitalization, postdischarge recovery time, and hospital charges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients (19 women and 31 men) were examined. Twenty-seven patients underwent LA, 2 requiring conversion to an OA. Twenty-three patients underwent an OA. Patient demographics were similar between groups. Statistical differences between the 2 groups were found for (1) length of the operation (median, 81.7 vs 66.8 minutes, LA vs OA groups: P < .002), (2) operating room charges (median, $3191 vs $1514, LA vs OA group; P < .001), and (3) total hospital charges (median, $5430 vs $3673, LA vs OA group; P < .001). No statistical differences between the 2 groups were found for (1) length of hospitalization (median, 1.1 vs 1.2 days, LA vs OA group), (2) pain control (mean, 4 vs 3.7 of 10 [0 indicates least pain; 10, most pain], LA vs OA group), (3) recovery time (time necessary before returning to work or school) (median, 14.0 days for both groups), and (4) complications (5 vs 1, LA vs OA group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic appendectomies and OAs are comparable for complications, postoperative pain control, length of hospitalization, and recovery time. Patients who underwent an OA had a shorter operative time and lower operating room and hospital charges. Laparoscopic appendectomy does not offer any proved benefits compared with the open approach for the routine patient with acute appendicitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Education, St Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minné
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burnell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ratzer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States