title: Anatomy of the human patellofemoral joint articular cartilage: surface curvature analysis.
abstract: Articular cartilage surfaces of 49 human patellae and 24 distal femora were characterized by identifying distinctive features with surface curvature analysis. Paired specimens from the same donor generally exhibited natural symmetry, so only results from nonpaired specimens were considered (39 patellae and 19 femora). In 23 of 39 patellae, proximal median and lateral transverse ridges extended to form an oblique ridge resembling a skewed lambda (lambda). Most of the unpaired patellae (37 of 39) exhibited only a single lateral transverse ridge, and most (32 of 39) had an odd facet. All but one patella exhibited a concave depression in the lateral and medial facets and a sellar area in the proximal region. All distal femoral surfaces exhibited a sellar trochlea. The concavity of the trochlea was greatest in the posterior aspect, near the intercondylar notch.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ateshian
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Grelsamer
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Mow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010329:Patella / Q000033:anatomy & histology*