title: The effect of melittin on proliferation and death of thymocytes.
abstract: The effect of melittin, an activator of phospholipase A2, on proliferation and death of rat thymocytes in a broad concentration range was studied. Cell proliferation was estimated by the accumulation of colchicin metaphases, necrotic death was determined from lysis and staining of cells with trypan blue, and apoptosis was assessed from the type of DNA fragmentation, the amount of fragmented DNA, and the percentage of cells with subdiploid DNA. It was shown that low melittin concentrations (below 5 microg/ml) stimulate thymocyte proliferation. At high melittin concentrations, thymocytes die by the primary necrosis type. Throughout the concentration range studied, melittin does not produce apoptosis in thymocytes. Conversely, high melittin concentrations even inhibit thymocyte apoptosis in the control and after irradiation. An inhibitor of RNA synthesis actinomycin D does not affect thymocyte death in the presence of melittin. It is concluded that the activation of phospholipase A2 can induce necrosis but not apoptosis and thus is not a necessary step in the signaling cascade that initiates apoptosis in thymocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Shaposhnikova
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Egorova
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kudryavtsev
authors.forename: M Kh
authors.initials: MKh
authors.lastname: Levitman
authors.lastname: Korystov YuN
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003035:Cobalt; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008297:Male; D008555:Melitten / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D003609:Dactinomycin; D008555:Melitten; D003035:Cobalt; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2