title: Glucocorticoids upregulate taurocholate transport by ileal brush-border membrane.
abstract: The regulation of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids has not been fully elucidated. Substrate availability has been shown to have a regulatory role on the ileal uptake of taurocholate (TC) by a positive feedback mechanism. Other mechanisms are likely to be involved in regulating ileal bile acid uptake. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the ileal bile acid transporter (iBAT) is glucocorticoid sensitive and that changes in expression are mediated by changes in iBAT synthesis. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) received intraperitoneal injections with either corticosterone (5 mg/ 100 g body weight) or an equivalent vehicle (control) daily for 3 days. On day 4, ileal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and hepatic basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) were prepared, and TC transport was performed using the rapid filtration technique. Initial velocity was measured at selected time points, and kinetics were calculated over a range of TC concentrations. Ileal RNA was isolated, and Northern analysis of steady-state iBAT mRNA levels was determined. Western blot analysis was performed to quantitate the level of the 48-kDa iBAT protein. The initial velocity of Na(+)-dependent TC uptake at 30 s by ileal BBMV was higher in treated animals (264.3 +/- 64.6 pmol/mg protein) compared with control animals (148.3 +/- 41.1 pmol/mg protein; P = 0.07). The maximal velocity of uptake (Vmax) was significantly higher in treated vs. control animals (1,091 +/- 62.7 vs. 689.1 +/- 55.0 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1, respectively; P = 0.002), whereas there was no significant difference in the Michaelis constant (Km) between the control and treated animals (43.3 +/- 7.2 vs. 35.3 +/- 8.7 microM, respectively; P = not significant). Steady-state iBAT mRNA levels were increased twofold in the treated vs. control groups. Western blot analysis showed that the abundance of the 48-kDa iBAT protein was eightfold higher in the treated animals compared with control. Kinetic analysis of hepatic Na(+)-dependent TC uptake revealed nearly identical Vmax and Km between the study and control animals. Therefore, we conclude that TC transport by ileal BBMV is upregulated by administration of glucocorticoids. The increase in BBMV transport Vmax corresponds to an increase in both iBAT transcript and protein.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Shneider
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Heubi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D007082:Ileum; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003345:Corticosterone; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; C037643:bile acid binding proteins; C435496:AKR1C2 protein, human; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)