title: Effects of the combined oral administration of NSAIDs and dextromethorphan on behavioral symptoms indicative of arthritic pain in rats.
abstract: The effects of combined single oral treatments with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dextromethorphan (DM) on arthritic pain were examined in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Although 12.5-100 mg/kg doses of DM alone produced no reliable effects, treatments with ibuprofen (IB, 50 and 100 mg/kg but not 12.5 or 25 mg/kg) produced mild analgesia in arthritic rats as determined using the Randall-Sellito test. IB showed a dose-response relationship which appeared to plateau at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Adding 50 mg/kg DM to each IB dose resulted in significantly greater analgesic activity than IB alone at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. A similar interaction between 50 mg/kg DM and 50 mg/kg IB occurred with respect to spontaneous pain behavior. Adding 25 mg/kg DM to 25 mg/kg IB likewise increased analgesia as measured by both the Randall-Sellito and spontaneous pain behavior tests (both P < 0.05). Five more NSAIDs were evaluated using the Randall-Sellito test, which included naproxen (NP), piroxicam (PIR), etodolac (ET), diclofenac (DC), and ketorolac (KE). For all six NSAIDS, the addition of 50 mg/kg DM reliably increased their analgesic potency, as indicated by reliable increases in previously effective NSAID doses (all six NSAIDs) as well as previously ineffective NSAID doses (IB, NP, DC, and PIR). These data demonstrate that DM greatly potentiates the analgesic activity of IB, DC, NP, PIR, ET, and KT and increases the peak effect over the NSAIDs alone. Similiar to DM's previously demonstrated enhancement of opioid analgesia in acute pain, the combination of DM and an NSAID may represent a novel analgesic approach to improved management of arthritic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frenk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017308:Etodolac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D009288:Naproxen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; D004008:Diclofenac; D017308:Etodolac; D009288:Naproxen; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D007052:Ibuprofen