title: Selective arterial embolization for the control of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter embolization is accepted as a safe method for treating acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Hesitancy persists using this technique below the ligament of Treitz, based on the belief that the risk of intestinal infarction is unacceptably high, despite mounting clinical evidence to the contrary.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 17 consecutive patients with angiographically demonstrated small intestinal or colonic bleeding was retrospectively reviewed. The success and complication rate of subselective embolization was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bleeding was stopped in 13 of 14 patients (93%) in whom embolization was possible, and in 13 of 17 patients (76%) where there was an intention to treat. Sufficiently selective catheterization to permit embolization could not be achieved in 3 patients. No clinically apparent bowel infarctions were caused.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subselective embolization is a safe treatment option for lower GI bleeding, suitable for many patients and effective in most. Careful technique and a readiness to abandon embolization when a suitable catheter position cannot be achieved are important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ahl
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kerlan
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: LaBerge
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Welton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies