title: SEB is cytotoxic and alters EC barrier function through protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro.
abstract: We studied whether Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) has direct effects on endothelial cells (EC) in the absence of effector cells or their products. Bovine or human pulmonary artery EC were grown to confluence on filters mounted in chemotaxis chambers. Barrier function was assessed by placing [14C]bovine serum albumin in the chamber and sampling the lower well for 14C activity. SEB exposures induced a significant (P < 0.001) dose- and time-dependent increase in albumin flux across both bovine and human EC monolayers. Albumin flux was temperature dependent, and cycloheximide pretreatment of the monolayers did not block the SEB-induced increase in permeability. Preincubation of SEB with trypsin or anti-SEB antibody significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced the effect, whereas pretreatment with polymyxin B did not. SEB at > or = 10 micrograms/ml significantly (P < 0.03) increased EC injury as measured by 51Cr release in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Herbimycin and genistein, inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases, each protected against SEB-induced cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and intercellular gap formation. We conclude that SEB perturbs endothelial barrier function and viability in the absence of effector cells or their mediators.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, R. A. Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gemski
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Goldblum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011113:Polymyxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013696:Temperature; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D004768:Enterotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007529:Isoflavones; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011113:Polymyxins; D011809:Quinones; D017828:Rifabutin; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; C020754:herbimycin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D014357:Trypsin