title: Effects of nicotine dose and administration method on withdrawal symptoms and side effects during short-term smoking abstinence.
abstract: The effects of using several nicotine replacement treatments on self-reported withdrawal symptoms and side effects during 2-day periods of smoking cessation, with 5 days of ad lib smoking between cessation days, were evaluated. Participants (N = 18) experienced the following conditions: nicotine gum, 24-hr patch, 16-hr patch, 24-hr patch plus gum, double 24-hr patch, and no nicotine replacement. The present study found morning urge to smoke was greater during the 16-hr than during the 24-hr patch condition. Double-patch use resulted in significantly greater insomnia than the smoking baseline and 16-hr patch conditions. The no medication and gum alone conditions resulted in similar withdrawal symptoms, and both tended to result in greater reported withdrawal symptoms than the smoking baseline condition. There were no significant withdrawal symptom differences between the 24-hr, patch-gum, and double-patch conditions. The 24-hr and double-patch conditions were preferred by two thirds of the participants (6 each).
authors.affiliation: Arizona Prevention Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0228, USA. leischow@ccit.arizona.edu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leischow
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Otte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aickin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kligman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000097:blood; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002638:Chewing Gum; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002638:Chewing Gum; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011145:Polyvinyls; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide