title: Effects of pulse methylprednisolone on inflammatory mediators in peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether the clinical efficacy of pulse methylprednisolone (MP; 1,000 mg intravenously) is related to the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines within the peripheral blood, synovial membrane, or synovial fluid compartments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. Peripheral blood (11 patients) and knee synovial fluid (9 patients, 10 knees) were obtained before and at 4 and 24 hours after MP therapy. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biologic assays; prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by competitive radioimmunoassay. In 10 patients, arthroscopically directed synovial biopsies were obtained before and at 24 hours after treatment, at disease relapse (4 patients), and after retreatment (1 patient). Membranes were stained by immunohistochemical techniques with monoclonal antibodies against TNFalpha, IL-8, IL-1beta, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MP therapy was associated with a rapid (within 24 hours) and substantial decrease in the expression of TNFalpha in the lining and sublining regions of the synovial membrane, as well as substantial decreases in the levels of TNFalpha in serum and synovial fluid. There was also reduced IL-8 expression in the synovial lining, as well as reduced synovial fluid IL-8 levels. No effect on synovial membrane IL-1beta and IL-1Ra or synovial fluid IL-1beta and PGE2 was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MP therapy rapidly reduces IL-8 and TNFalpha levels in the synovial compartment, with cytokine changes in the serum and synovial fluid reflecting the changes in the synovial membrane. Alterations in TNFalpha expression in the synovial membrane correlated with clinical response to, and subsequent relapse after, MP therapy.
authors.affiliation: Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Triantafillou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Roberts-Thomson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008775:Methylprednisolone