title: Intracerebral capillary telangiectasia and venous malformation: a rare association.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vascular malformations of the brain have been classified into arteriovenous, venous, cavernous, and capillary malformations as four discrete entities. Various combinations of two discrete malformations in one lesion have been reported, some of which can be considered as established associations, while others appear to be very rare. Mixed vascular malformations evoke reflections on possible interrelations in the pathogenesis of the discrete components.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of intracerebral capillary telangiectasia associated with a venous malformation in a supratentorial paraventricular location in a 45-year-old woman with a history of headache. The capillary telangiectasia was diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) strongly suggested the presence of a venous malformation by demonstrating a transcerebral draining vein running through the center of the capillary telangiectasia. The association of capillary telangiectasia and venous malformation has been reported only twice before and exclusively in the posterior fossa, as opposed to the more frequent, established associations of capillary telangiectasia and cavernous malformation, and venous malformation and cavernous malformation, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Against the background of the established associations, this rare observation possibly places capillary telangiectasias, cavernous malformations, and venous malformations within the spectrum of a single disease. The common pathogenetic role of a focal venous outflow obstruction is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Roost
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kristof
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed