title: Evaluation of infections of the locomotor system with indium-111-labeled human IgG scintigraphy.
abstract: Indium-111-labeled human nonspecific immunoglobin G (111In-IgG) is one of the newer agents suggested for scintigraphic evaluation of infection and inflammation. In this study, the utility of this agent was studied in routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dose of 75 MBq 111In labeled to 2 mg IgG (MacroScint) was administered intravenously in 226 patients with 232 possible foci of infection or inflammation. Imaging was performed 4, 24 and 48 hr postinjection. The results were verified by culture, obtained either surgically (42%) or via puncture (19%) and long-term clinical and roentgenological follow-up (39%). Follow-up data were used in patients of whom the vast majority had a negative work-up, including negative 111In-IgG scintigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All infected total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasties, focal osteomyelitis, diabetic foot infections, septic arthritis and soft-tissue infections were detected (61 foci). Only one patient with early, low-grade spondylodiscitis was false negative with 111In-IgG. Since 111In-IgG scintigraphy does not discriminate between infectious and sterile inflammation, careful interpretation is necessary in cementless THA up to 1 yr after insertion, uptake only around the neck of the femoral component of a THA, recent fractures and pseudarthrosis, in which uptake may be caused by sterile inflammation and not by infection (specificity for inflammation 100%, specificity for infection of 77%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indium-111-IgG scintigraphy is a very sensitive tool for detection of infectious bone and joint disease. Moreover, when uptake patterns of 111In-IgG, which are characteristic for sterile inflammation, are excluded, infection can be ruled out with a high degree of certainty.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Nijmegen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nijhof
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Kampen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Corstens
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015299:Discitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate