title: Comparison of two repositioning devices used during radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients irradiated for Hodgkin's disease are fixed in an immobilization cradle to improve repositioning. In the early 1990s, we changed our cradle system from a "short" upper torso cradle to an extended near-total body cradle that also includes the lower torso and thighs. In this study, we assess the impact of the extended cradle on the reproducibility of patient repositioning during irradiation of Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 782 port films of 56 patients treated immediately before and after the change-over were studied to assess positioning reproducibility. Patients treated prior to 1993 were positioned in the short cradle, while those treated 1993 and later were positioned in the extended cradle. All treatment were delivered via anterior and posterior fields and treatment areas above and below the diaphragm were considered separately and together. All treatment fields were simulated and the field shape was designed on anterior and posterior radiographs. Discrepancies in field placement between the simulation radiographs and subsequent port films were noted by a radiation oncologist and requests for position adjustment (both translational and rotational shifts) were noted. The number, magnitude, and direction of any physician-requested position adjustment on port films were retrospectively reviewed. For the purpose of scoring the frequency of field misplacements, when an adjustment was noted on two port films taken during the same treatment session (i.e., a left shift on both an anterior and a posterior port film), it was scored as only one event. A two-tailed chi-square test was used to compare the differences in requested shifts in the two patient groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 56 patients (31 short and 25 extended cradle) representing 92 treatment sites. A total of 782 port films representing 450 treatment setups were analyzed (292 above and 158 below the diaphragm). When all port films above the diaphragm (mostly mantle fields) are considered, position adjustments were requested in 13.4% (21 out of 157) of treatment setups with the upper torso cradle and in 5.9% (8 out of 135) of treatment setups with the extended cradle (p = 0.054). When all port films below the diaphragm (mostly paraaortic/spleen and pelvic fields) are considered, position adjustments were requested in 33.8% (27 out of 80) of treatment setups with the upper torso cradle and in 16.7 % (13 out of 78) of treatment setups with the extended cradle (p = 0.056). A reduction in the frequency of both translational and rotational adjustments were seen. When both treatment sites are combined, position adjustments were requested in 20.3% (48 out of 237) of treatment setups with the upper torso cradle and in 9.9% (21 out of 213) of treatment setups when the extended cradle was used (p = 0.0086).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extended cradle provides superior repositioning of patients undergoing radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Differences observed in setup accuracy in this study underscore the importance of aggressive immobilization of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Increased accuracy of daily setup may provide an opportunity to improve the therapeutic ratio both by increased likelihood of tumor control and decreased risk of normal tissue complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bentel
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Prosnitz
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D011187:Posture