title: Virtually identical enhancers containing a segment of homology to murine 3'IgH-E(hs1,2) lie downstream of human Ig C alpha 1 and C alpha 2 genes.
abstract: We have isolated sequences downstream of human Ig C alpha 1 and C alpha 2 genes and have identified two enhancers in these regions. One enhancer is located approximately 9 kb downstream of C alpha 1, and the second enhancer is located approximately 11 kb downstream of C alpha 2. These approximately 1.6-kb enhancers are virtually identical to each other except for varying numbers of a approximately 53-bp motif. The C alpha 2-associated enhancer contains four copies of this motif in tandem, whereas the C alpha 1-associated enhancer has only a single copy. Within the human enhancers is a 177-bp segment that is homologous to a 191-bp segment of one of four enhancers from the 3' regulatory region of murine (and rat) DNA, namely 3'IgH-E(hs1,2). Like the murine and rat enhancers, both human enhancers are flanked by inverted repeats; furthermore, the human enhancers generally appear to be inverted with respect to each other. The evolutionarily conserved region of homology has substantial core enhancer activity. Contained within this region are the single octamer and one copy of the approximately 53-bp motif, both of which contribute to the activity of the full-length enhancer. A comparison of the DNA sequences and the results of transient transfection assays imply that the human C alpha-associated enhancers may be regulated (in part) differently than the murine enhancer 3'IgH-E(hs1,2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Birshtein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015322:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006801:Humans; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta; D051381:Rats; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains