title: Infection and pathogenicity of chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses in macaques: determinants of high virus loads and CD4 cell killing.
abstract: Chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) carrying envelope glycoproteins derived from a T cell-macrophage dual-tropic primary isolate (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] strain DH12) were constructed. When inoculated into macaque monkeys, SHIV(MD14) carrying simian immunodeficiency virus-derived nef established significantly higher virus loads than did SHIV(MD1), which contains the HIV-1 nef gene. Three patterns of CD4 cell depletion were observed in infected monkeys: exponential and irreversible loss to undetectable levels within 10 weeks of infection; marked reduction during acute infection followed by partial recovery and stabilization (lasting from 10 weeks to > 1 year), with a later decline to undetectable levels in some animals; and a transient loss during acute infection. The induced immunodeficiency was accompanied by CD4 cell counts of < 50 cells/microL and was associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis, lymphoid depletion, and thymic atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maldarelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siemon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fredrickson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015754:Genes, nef / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008251:Macaca; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins