title: Lack of correlation between blood fibrinolysis and the immediate or post-operative blood loss in transurethral resection of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the activation of the extrinsic tissue-type plasminogen activator-related fibrinolysis is implicated in the blood loss in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, undergoing transurethral prostatic resection (TURP).
  
  
  METHODS
  TURP was performed in 24 men and the operative and post-operative blood loss determined. The activation of the tissue-type plasminogen activator-related fibrinolysis was followed using new sensitive and specific assays, and the changes related to the blood loss. Measurements of the plasma concentrations of free tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) antigen, plasminogen (Plg) activity, plasminogen (Plg) antigen, alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP), D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FbDP) were all determined and the area under the curve (AUC) for each of these quantities correlated with the blood loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TURP was followed by a marked activation of the fibrinolytic system. There was an immediate increase in systemic t-PA activity and t-PA antigen, coinciding with a significant drop in PAI activity. Post-operatively, PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen increased. The formation of plasmin was indicated by a fall in the plasma concentration of Plg activity and Plg-antigen and alpha 2-AP but which increased significantly at the end of the study period. Increased systemic fibrinolytic activity was further confirmed by a marked increase in fibrin D-dimer and FbDP. There was no correlation between the AUC in the operative period of any of the fibrinolytic variables and the measured blood loss. In the post-operative period, t-PA antigen (P = 0.004), PAI activity (P = 0.043), PAI-1 antigen (P = 0.016) and alpha 2-AP (P = 0.047) all correlated with the post-operative blood loss, while there was no correlation between fibrin D-dimer or FbDP and blood loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fibrinolytic system is activated during and after TURP, but the increased activity is not of pathophysiological importance for the blood loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ribe County Hospital in Esbjerg, Denmark.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fabrin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holm-Nielsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jespersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000378:metabolism*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D010958:Plasminogen; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator