title: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in ischemia/reperfusion of the rat liver is followed by impairment of hepatic microvascular blood flow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies provide evidence that nitric oxide (NO) has beneficial effects in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of hepatic microvascular perfusion after warm hepatic ischemia. Therefore, we performed a study using in vivo fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clamping of the left liver lobe was performed in male Wistar rats for the duration of 70 min. One experimental group (n=8) received L-NAME (Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride), an NO-synthase inhibitor, 1 min prior to reperfusion. A second experimental group (n=8) received L-arginine (NO-substrate) continuously infused throughout the observation period. Controls (n=8) received equivalent volumes of an isotonic solution and underwent the same procedures. Hepatic microvascular blood flow and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction was studied between 20 and 90 min after reperfusion using in vivo fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of NO-synthesis during reperfusion by application of L-NAME caused a marked decrease in sinusoidal blood flow velocity. Furthermore, we noted an increase of non-perfused sinusoids in this group. Treatment with L-arginine improved functional perfusion of hepatic acini and reduced significantly the number of adherent leukocytes in sinusoids and venules compared to control animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide further evidence that NO maintains postischemic hepatic microvascular perfusion and that inhibition of NO synthesis has detrimental effects on hepatic microhemodynamics during reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Koeppel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schemmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauner
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester