title: Physiotherapy for patients with soft tissue shoulder disorders: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy for patients with soft tissue shoulder disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic computerised literature search of Medline and Embase, supplemented with citation tracking, for relevant trials with random allocation published before 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients treated with physiotherapy for disorders of soft tissue of the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Success rates, mobility, pain, functional status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of the 20 assessed trials satisfied at least five of eight validity criteria. Assessment of methods was often hampered by insufficient information on various validity criteria, and trials were often flawed by lack of blinding, high proportions of withdrawals from treatment, and high proportions of missing values. Trial sizes were small: only six trials included intervention groups of more than 25 patients. Ultrasound therapy, evaluated in six trials, was not shown to be effective. Four other trials favoured physiotherapy (laser therapy or manipulation), but the validity of their methods was unsatisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence that ultrasound therapy is ineffective in the treatment of soft tissue shoulder disorders. Due to small trial sizes and unsatisfactory methods, evidence for the effectiveness of other methods of physiotherapy is inconclusive. For all methods of treatment, trials were too heterogeneous with respect to included patients, index and reference treatments, and follow up to merit valid statistical pooling. Future studies should show whether physiotherapy is superior to treatment with drugs, steroid injections, or a wait and see policy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Hoensbroek, Netherlands.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: van der Windt
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Winter
mesh_terms: D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D006801:Humans; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy