title: Lidocaine-induced hemodynamic effects are enhanced by the inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lidocaine has been shown to have direct vasoconstrictive effects at low concentrations. Since lidocaine inhibits endothelium-dependent vasodilation in vitro, the vasoconstrictor effect of lidocaine may be due to inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF/NO). Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics during lidocaine infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects of lidocaine infusion, 1 mg.kg-1.min-1, for 10 min were measured in dogs anesthetized with 1% halothane in oxygen. Dogs were studied twice with an interval of 1 week in a cross-over study, and were assigned to one of two groups that received saline or L-NNA intravenously in group 1 (n = 8), or L-NNA or L-NNA + L-arginine which reverses the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor effect of L-NNA, intravenously in group 2 (n = 8) prior to lidocaine infusion. The free serum concentration of and protein-binding ratio for lidocaine were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With saline pretreatment in group 1, lidocaine infusion significantly decreased cardiac index (CI) and significantly increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). L-NNA pre-treatment in group 1 significantly enhanced the changes in CI, MPAP, PAOP, SVR and PVR during lidocaine infusion. In group 2, L-arginine infusion partially offset the additive effects of L-NNA to the depressive effects of lidocaine. There were no significant differences in free serum concentration of or protein-binding ratio for lidocaine among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to in vitro study, vasoconstrictor effect of lidocaine is enhanced when a capacity for compensatory vasodilation including EDRF/NO pathway is exhausted in halothane-anesthetized dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka City University, Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yukioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatekawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimori
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009961:Orosomucoid; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008012:Lidocaine