title: Estimation of contact tympanic membrane temperature with a noncontact infrared thermometer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the agreement between contact tympanic membrane (TM) and noncontact infrared ear thermometers in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three children (ages .5 to 10 years) undergoing elective tympanostomy tube placement were studied. An assistant used standard technique to record temperature with an infrared ear thermometer before and after TM temperature was obtained with a bead thermistor placed against the anterior-inferior quadrant of the TM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean temperatures were not significantly different: initial IR ear, 36.66 degrees +/-.33 degrees C; TM, 36.71 degrees +/- .42 degrees C; final infrared ear, 36.57 degrees +/- .33 degrees C. The mean bias (difference between initial individual IR ear and TM temperatures) of -.05 degrees +/-.29 degrees C and the 95% limits of agreement of +.53 degrees to -.63 degrees C indicate an acceptable confidence (error range within 3.2% of average TM temperature) for use of the initial infrared ear temperature as an estimate of TM temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IR ear thermometer provides an accurate estimate of TM temperature in healthy children and may accurately reflect core body temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse, 13210, USA. terndrut@vax.cs.hscsyr.edu
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Terndrup
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Crofton
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mortelliti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajk
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D015588:Observer Variation; D013696:Temperature; D013821:Thermometers / Q000592:standards*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane