title: Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Project SUNWISE evaluated the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in reducing children's ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Across four YMCAs, 48 aquatics classes (N = 169 children, mean age = 7) were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control condition. The 6-week intervention included a UVR reduction curriculum presented at poolside by aquatics instructors and home-based activities for children and their parents. Outcome measures were (a) tanness-associated skin color dimensions assessed with a colorimeter, (b) specific daily solar protection behaviors of children as reported by parents, and (c) general solar protection behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling for intraclass clustering in all analyses, at posttest, no statistically significant between-group differences were found in tanness, daily solar protection scores, or general sunscreen use. The intervention group showed significantly greater general hat use relative to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention failed to impact most of the outcome measures. Supplementing the behavior-focused intervention package with environmental supports may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, California 92182, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Slymen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sallis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Creech
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Souvignier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stepanski
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*