title: Comparison of behavior therapy with and without very-low-energy diet in the treatment of morbid obesity. A 5-year outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) together with behavior therapy (BT) are widely used in the treatment of morbid obesity, but there is no evidence of their long-term effectiveness as compared with behavior therapy alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine morbidly obese patients (25 men and 34 women; mean weight, 132.8 +/- 20.7 kg; mean age, 43.1 +/- 9.2 years) were treated with combined therapy of VLED and BT or BT alone. No maintenance program was used. Eighty-seven percent of eligible patients were contacted 4.8 to 6.2 years after the program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During treatment, 56% of patients dropped out of the VLED + BT group and 28% from the BT group (P = .03). High scores on the Symptom Checklist-90R before treatment predicted dropout from the VLED+BT group, but not from BT. At the end of therapy, mean weight change was -22.9 kg in the VLED+BT group and -8.9 kg in the BT group (P < .001). The overall weight change from pretreatment to the 5-year follow-up was greater in the VLED+BT group than in the BT group (-16.9 kg vs -4.9 kg, respectively; P = .03). Men succeeded better in the VLED+BT group than in BT. Among the dropouts, the mean weight change from baseline was +5.2 kg in the VLED+BT group and +13.0 kg in the BT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that in the treatment of morbid obesity, VLED combined with BT may produce a better 5-year maintenance than BT alone, especially among men. A satisfactory weight loss can be achieved without a maintenance program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pekkarinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mustajoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss