title: Multiple myeloma among Blacks and Whites in the United States: role of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages.
abstract: In the United States, the incidence rates of multiple myeloma in Blacks are more than twice those in Whites, but the etiology of this cancer is poorly understood. A population-based case-control interview study of 571 subjects (365 White, 206 Black) with multiple myeloma and 2,122 controls (1,155 White, 967 Black) living in three areas of the United States (Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey) offered the opportunity to investigate the relationship with smoking and alcohol drinking and to evaluate whether these factors might contribute to the excess risk of multiple myeloma in Blacks. For Blacks and Whites of either gender, there were no significantly elevated risks associated with ever use of cigarettes or alcoholic beverages and no consistent patterns with either intensity or duration of use. These data support previous studies indicating that smoking and drinking are not related causally to the risk of multiple myeloma, and thus cannot account for the racial disparity in incidence rates.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7368, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pottern
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liff
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoover
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology*; D009515:New Jersey; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People