title: Potential effect of cyclosporin A in formation of cholesterol gallstones in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
abstract: Recent advancements in liver transplantation have resulted in extended survival both for grafts and recipients. Such improvement, together with the shortage of donor organs has prompted expansion of the donor pool to include less than ideal donors, especially in life-threatening situations. The use of older liver donors has been associated with lower long-term survival. However, potential morbidity such as gallstone formation has not been explored. We analyzed bile composition in a child who developed cholesterol gallstones in the proximal bile duct two years after undergoing emergency liver transplantation with a liver from a 78-year-old donor. Oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) shifted the cholesterol composition of the bile from a supersaturated, potentially crystallized state to a liquid (micellar) state. Unlike cyclosporin A, FK506 showed an increase in the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid and a decrease in the proportion of cholic acid, and thus may exhibit minimal or no hepatotoxic effect. Thus, in donor livers with factors known to be associated with cholesterol gallstone formation (such as age, sex, or obesity), one may consider analyzing the bile composition at the time of procurement. Depending on cholesterol and bile acid composition the use of FK506 with or without addition of ursodeoxycholic acid may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berquist
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Haigh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Concepcion
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Esquivel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000209:etiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002784:Cholesterol; D016559:Tacrolimus