title: Comparison between cephalometric classification methods for sagittal jaw relationships.
abstract: The present study evaluated how 2 widely used cephalometric sagittal analyses, ANB angle and WITS appraisal, classify skeletal classes I, II, and III in a random selection of 497 Finnish boys aged 4-20 years. This distribution was also compared with the visual inspection of cephalometric structures judged by 2 university instructors in orthodontics. The results showed remarkable differences and even sparked controversy concerning classification of the sagittal jaw relationships. The ANB angle and the WITS appraisal emphasized the role of class II based on a failure to distinguish the proportion of class I. The low-angle influence skewed the distribution of the ANB pattern in the class III direction, and the WITS pattern, conversely, towards class II. High- or low-angle influence had only minor effects on the visual inspection of cephalometric structures. This cross-sectional study showed an age-related decreasing mean value for the ANB angle and increasing mean value for the WITS appraisal, thus explaining the remarkable difference in the distribution of sagittal classes. However, the findings of age-related changes makes the use of the fixed norms questionable. For extreme or controversial cephalometric interpretations, visual inspection provides an essential aid in diagnosis and skeletal classification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland. khurmeri@hammas.helsinki.fi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hurmerinta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahkamo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haavikko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002680:Chin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009666:Nose / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009970:Orthodontics; D011859:Radiography; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014716:Vertical Dimension