title: Predominant role of A1 adenosine receptors in mediating adenosine induced vasodilatation of rat diaphragmatic arterioles: involvement of nitric oxide and the ATP-dependent K+ channels.
abstract: 1. We investigated, by intravital microscopy in rats, the role of the subtypes of adenosine receptors A1 (A1/AR) and A2 (A2AR) in mediating adenosine-induced vasodilatation of second and third order arterioles of the diaphragm. 2. Adenosine, and the A1AR selective agonists R(-)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (R-PIA) and N6-cyclo-pentyl-adenosine (CPA) induced a similar concentration-dependent dilatation of diaphragmatic arterioles. The non selective A2AR subtype agonist N6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl) ethyl]adenosine (DPMA) also dilated diaphragmatic arterioles but induced a significantly smaller dilatation than adenosine. By contrast the selective A(2a)AR subtype agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl amino]-5'-N-ethyl carboxamido adenosine (CGS 21680) did not modify diaphragmatic arteriolar diameter. 3. The non selective adenosine receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulphophenylxanthine (SPX, 100 microM) and the selective A1AR antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX, 50 nM) significantly attenuated adenosine-induced dilatation of diaphragmatic arterioles. By contrast, adenosine significantly dilated diaphragmatic arterioles in the presence of A2AR antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 10 microM). 4. The dilatation induced by adenosine was unchanged by the mast cell stabilizing agent sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn, 10 microM). 5. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 300 microM) attenuated the dilatation induced by adenosine, and by the A1AR and A2AR agonists. 6. The ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker glibenclamide (3 microM) significantly attenuated diaphragmatic arteriolar dilatation induced by adenosine and by the A1AR agonists R-PIA and CPA. By contrast, glibenclamide did not significantly modify arteriolar dilatation induced by the A2AR agonist DPMA. 7. These findings suggest that adenosine-induced dilatation of diaphragmatic arterioles in the rat is predominantly mediated by the A1AR, via the release of NO and activation of the ATP-dependent K+ channels.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U408, Faculté Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danialou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicaut
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sambe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boczkowski
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000241:Adenosine; D011188:Potassium