title: A disposable needle for frontalis suspension surgery in congenital ptosis.
abstract: In six patients affected by congenital ptosis, a disposable epidural anesthesia needle was used instead of a Wright needle for frontalis suspension surgery. For each of the patients in this study, the use of a disposable needle permitted smaller supra-brow area incisions with a minimal scar. The needle also created a smaller breach in the plane of levator aponeurosis and preaponeurotic fat, causing less tissue edema and bleeding than with a Wright needle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele Hospital, University of Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daví
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modorati
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brancato
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles