title: [Long-term monitoring of therapy-induced computerized tomographic cranial changes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term follow-up of cranial CT scans of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and evaluation of the influence of chemo- and radiotherapy on the CCT changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  CCT scans of 68 children with non-B-ALL were analyzed retrospectively for signs of atrophy and changes in density. Patients were treated between 1981 and 1990 at the St. Anna Childrens Hospital Vienna according to the ALL-BFM protocols. Children were examined with CCT in defined periods from diagnosis until 3 years after cessation of treatment. As a control group served 69 patients with solid tumors who had not received corticoids or cranial irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the initial examination 56% of the ALL-patients showed CCT changes, 85% of these patients had already received corticoids. In the control group only 20% of the CCTs were found abnormal (p = 0.005). In both groups an age-dependence was found: 64% of the ALL-patients under five years of age and 22% of the patients above 5 years had initial CCT changes (p = 0.001). In the control group 39% of the patients under five years of age and 7% of the older patients showed CCT changes at the beginning of treatment (p = 0.003). The highest incidence of abnormal CCT scans (68%) was seen during intensive chemo- and radiotherapy. Until the end of therapy the incidence of abnormal CCTs decreased to 32%. After cessation of antileukemic therapy 35% of the patients whose CNS-prophylaxis included cranial irradiation, and 12% of the non-irradiated patients had abnormal CCT scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corticoids can cause reversible signs of cerebral atrophy. In the assessment of CCTs a physiological age-dependence of the volume of the CSF compartment has to be taken into consideration. The main reason for non-reversible CCT changes is the CNS- prophylaxis, above all the cranial irradiation, whereby younger children seem to be particular vulnerable.
authors.affiliation: Christophorus-Kinderkrankenhaus, Berlin.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gatterer-Menz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siemes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gadner
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D011239:Prednisolone; D001215:Asparaginase; D011241:Prednisone; D003630:Daunorubicin
vernacular_title: Langzeitbeobachtung der therapiebedingten cranialen computertomographischen Veränderungen bei Kindern mit akuter lymphoblastischer Leukämie.