title: Comparison of onlay and tubularized island flaps of inner preputial skin for the repair of proximal hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transverse island flaps of inner preputial skin have provided a reliable technique for the repair of proximal hypospadias. The flap may be used to create a neourethra by tubularizing the flap after urethral transection or applying the flap as an onlay patch onto an intact urethral plate. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with these 2 techniques to compare outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 11 years 132 patients underwent hypospadias repair by a single surgeon using an onlay (58) or tubularized (74) island flap technique. Surgical results were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a mean followup of 20.3 months the overall complication rate was 36% for tubularized and 31% for onlay repair, and fistula rates were 14 and 17%, respectively. Despite similar fistula rates tubularized repairs tended to have larger fistulas that required more complex repair (p = 0.0147). In 9 patients who underwent tubularize repair diverticula developed, whereas no diverticula developed after onlay repair (p = 0.0162). The rates of urethral stricture, wound infection, residual chordee and cosmetic complications were not statistically significantly different between repairs. The use of double faced repair in 30 patients provided no difference in outcome in comparison to the overall study cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypospadias repair using transverse island flaps offers reliable and durable outcomes. While overall complication rates were not greatly different between tubularized and onlay flap repairs, onlay repair tended to result in fistulas of smaller size and diverticula did not develop.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Service, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Gonzales
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*