title: Triple synergism of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-encoded tax, GATA-binding protein, and AP-1 is required for constitutive expression of the interleukin-5 gene in adult T-cell leukemia cells.
abstract: Accumulated evidence demonstrates that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is frequently associated with eosinophilia, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cells frequently express interleukin-5 (IL-5). However, the molecular mechanism of constitutive IL-5 expression in HTLV-1-infected cells remains unclear. To clarify the mechanism of aberrant IL-5 expression in HTLV-1-infected cells, we investigated the response of the human IL-5 promoter to the HTLV-1-encoded protein Tax. Cotransfection experiments using Jurkat cells revealed that Tax is incapable of activating the IL-5 promoter by itself but that it synergistically transactivates the promoter with GATA-binding protein (GATA-4) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation. By introducing a series of mutations within the IL-5 promoter, we found that conserved lymphokine element 0 (CLE0) is responsible for mediating the signal induced by Tax-TPA. A deletion construct of the promoter indicated that the -75 GATA element and CLE0 are sufficient to mediate synergistic activation of the IL-5 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using Jurkat cell nuclear extracts demonstrated that TPA induces a transcription factor to bind CLE0, and an experiment using JPX-9 cell nuclear extracts showed that Tax enhances this binding activity. An antibody supershift experiment revealed that this band consists of c-Jun and JunD. However, among the Jun family members, only c-Jun is able to cooperate with Tax and GATA-4 to activate the IL-5 promoter. We have determined the minimum factors required for IL-5 gene activation by reconstituting the IL-5 promoter activity in F9 cells. This is the first report to demonstrate the functional involvement of Tax protein in IL-5 gene regulation and to suggest the functional triple synergism among Tax, GATA-4, and AP-1, which disrupts regulated control of the gene and leads to constitutive expression of the IL-5 gene.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015848:Interleukin-5; D007476:Ionophores; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000001:Calcimycin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate