title: [Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a new cardiologic diagnostic tool. Initial experience with 150 patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is a new diagnostic tool and its potential has been investigated mainly in international centers dealing with research in the field of cardiac pathologies. The clinical usefulness and the potential additional information over multiplane transesophageal echocardiography in daily clinical practice have not been exstensively studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the feasibility and to define the potential role of three-dimensional technique in a clinical cardiology department.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred-fifty patients (73 males, 77 females) aged 17-82 underwent a three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic study. Indications for the study were the following: 39 mitral (26%), 13 aortic (8%) and 4 tricuspidal (2%) valvulopathies, 23 valvular prostheses (15%), 6 aortic diseases (4%), 16 sources of embolism (10%), 16 congenital heart diseases (10%), 14 ischemic heart diseases (9.3%), 14 cardiomyopathies (9%), 5 other pathologies (3%). The 3 D examination quality was graded as insufficient, sufficient and good. The information obtained by "volume rendered" and "anyplane" three-dimensional echocardiography were compared with the traditional two-dimensional images to determine whether they provided additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 288 acquisitions were obtained in the 150 patients (1.9 acquisitions per patient). Examinations were graded of good quality in 99 patients (61%), sufficient in 36 (24%) and insufficient in 15 patients (10%). Additional informations were obtained in 33 patients (22%) by "volume rendered" echocardiography and by "anyplane echocardiography", including mitral regurgitation or repair for valvular prolapse (11 patients), aortic valve malformations and endocarditis (4 patients), congenital heart diseases (9 patients), right ventricular dysplasia (6 patients) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1 patient), tricuspid regurgitation (2 patients). The additional information were obtained in patients in the group of good 3 D reconstructions quality in all but two cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic use of the transesophageal technique with 3 D facilities permitted to obtain an overall 22% of additional information. These results will stimulate further study to evaluate the advantages of the three-dimensional technique in specific clinical fields of application.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Cardiologia I, Ospedale S. Camilio, Roma.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salustri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boschetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Segni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picchio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zachara
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Prati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
vernacular_title: Ecocardiografia tridimensionale transesofagea: una nuova presenza nella diagnostica cardiologica. Esperienza iniziale su 150 pazienti.