title: Long-term anti-ischemic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients after myocardial infarction. The Captopril and Thrombolysis Study (CATS) Investigators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces myocardial ischemia and related events after myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The oxygen demand/supply ratio of the myocardium is influenced by angiotensin II as a result of its arterial vasoconstrictive and inotropic effects and through its interaction with the sympathetic nervous system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 244 patients who had been included in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, post-MI, ACE inhibition intervention study (Captopril and Thrombolysis Study [CATS]). All patients underwent exercise testing before and 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge. After 1-year double-blind treatment, all patients continued receiving single-blind placebo for 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total exercise time increased in both groups after 3 months (placebo: +86 +/- 13 s; captopril: +69 +/- 12 s, p = 0.8 between groups) and increased further after 1 year (placebo: +13 +/- 11 s; captopril: +33 +/- 13 s, p = 0.7 between groups). There were also no differences in mean ST segment depression. During the 12 months, significantly fewer ischemia-related events occurred in the captopril group (82 vs. 52, p = 0.015). This difference was found between 3 and 12 months but not during the first 3 months. After withdrawal from double-blind medication, nine ischemic events were reported in teh captopril group compared with one in the placebo group (p = 0.006 between groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data show that captopril may reduce the incidence of ischemia-related events after MI, which becomes apparent after 3 months. However, no anti-ischemic effect was observed during exercise testing. After withdrawal from ACE inhibition, a high incidence of clinical events occurred, suggesting a rebound phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology/Thoraxcenter, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Gilst
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Dunselman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kingma
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002216:Captopril