title: Epidermal growth factor up-regulates sodium-glucose cotransport in enterocyte models in the presence of cholera toxin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sodium-glucose cotransport by enterocytes is key to the successful implementation of oral rehydration in diarrhea. Confluent, differentiated Caco-2 cells have enterocyte-like characteristics. We have previously shown that short-term incubation of isolated rat jejunal enterocytes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in the up-regulation of sodium-glucose cotransport. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of EGF on Caco-2 cells in the presence of cholera toxin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caco-2 cells grown on tissue culture dishes were used for glucose and sodium uptake studies and cells were grown on polycarbonate membranes for transport examinations. Effects of EGF on the kinetic parameters of sodium-glucose contransporter, thymidine transport, and on the activity of Na+/K(+)-ATPase were examined. The efficacy of basolateral vs apical EGF on sodium and glucose transport was compared after incubation of the monolayers with 10 nmol/L of cholera toxin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EGF increased both glucose and sodium uptake and transport, and we observed a simultaneous increase in the activity of Na+/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Kinetic studies performed on brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from EGF-incubated confluent monolayers and on intact cells showed an increase in the maximum velocity but not the Michaelis constant, suggesting increased availability of transporters rather than conformational change. This effect was seen within minutes in both of the two putative transporters, high-affinity, low-capacity and low-affinity, high-capacity. There was no acute effect on thymidine uptake. Studies in the presence of cholera toxin demonstrated a significant up-regulation in sodium-glucose cotransport when EGF was applied from the basolateral side; the increase was smaller but significant with apical application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differentiated Caco-2 cells have two kinetically distinct sodium-glucose cotransporters. Short-term incubation of Caco-2 cells with EGF resulted in an up-regulation of sodium-glucose cotransport and subsequent increase in Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity. The effect of basolaterally applied EGF was more significant with or without incubation with cholera toxin. The early effect of EGF on glucose and sodium cotransport may have important therapeutic implications in diarrhea and dehydration states. The in vitro model described here uses a homogeneous cell population and provides a versatile system for uptake and transport studies.
authors.affiliation: duPont Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE 19899, USA.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanasongcram
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panigrahi
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008871:Microvilli / Q000378:metabolism; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005947:Glucose