Macrophages and respiratory viruses.
This review highlights some of the interactions between alveolar macrophages and human/swine influenza A viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), bovine parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). In influenza A infection, macrophage-cytokines are believed to mediate the typical constitutional effects and inflammation in the respiratory tract. The same cytokines possibly play a role in influenza-bacterial respiratory disease. PRRSV has a very restricted tropism for alveolar macrophages. The virus causes some secondary infections to be more severe, but this could not be related to impaired macrophage functions. Bovine RSV and PI-3 virus, on the other hand, interfere with selected macrophage functions. In addition, PI-3 virus adversely affects lymphocyte proliferation because it interferes with the accessory role of macrophages. One of the characteristic effects of BVDV on monocytes-macrophages is stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production.
Van Reeth
K
K
Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Gent, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Adair
B
B
D000818:Animals; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology; D018112:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*; D018108:Respirovirus / Q000276:immunology