title: Evaluating OSHA's ethylene oxide standard: employer exposure-monitoring activities in Massachusetts hospitals from 1985 through 1993.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study characterized exposure-monitoring activities and findings under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) 1984 ethylene oxide (EtO) standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth mail and telephone surveys were followed by on-site interviews at all EtO-using hospitals in Massachusetts (n = 92, 96% participation rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 1993, most hospitals had performed personal exposure monitoring for OSHA's 8-hour action level (95%) and the excursion limit (87%), although most did not meet the 1985 implementation deadline. In 1993, 66% of hospitals reported the installation of EtO alarms to fulfill the standard's "alert" requirement. Alarm installation also lagged behind the 1985 deadline and peaked following a series of EtO citations by OSHA. From 1990 through 1992, 23% of hospitals reported having exceeded the action level once or more; 24% reported having exceeded the excursion limit; and 33% reported that workers were accidentally exposed to EtO in the absence of personal monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost a decade after passage of the EtO standard, exposure-monitoring requirements were widely, but not completely, implemented. Work-shift exposures had markedly decreased since the mid-1980s, but overexposures continued to occur widely. OSHA enforcement appears to have stimulated implementation.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02172, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: LaMontagne
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kelsey
mesh_terms: D002495:Central Supply, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005161:Facility Regulation and Control; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016272:Occupational Health; D014481:United States; D014489:United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
chemical_list: D005027:Ethylene Oxide