title: Antioxidant nutrient supplementation reduces the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Data are inconsistent regarding the role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention of CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients with CVD (n = 45) were randomized to 1) placebo control; 2) 400 IU of vitamin E, 500 mg of vitamin C, 12 mg of beta-carotene (mid-dose); or 3) 800 IU of vitamin E, 1,000 mg of vitamin C, 24 mg of beta-carotene (high dose) daily. Reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was estimated by an increase in lag phase (minutes). Baseline and 6- and 12-week measurements of lipoproteins and lag phase were obtained. Plasma levels of antioxidants were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and beta-carotene significantly increased in the mid- and high dose groups during the trial. Lag phase significantly increased from baseline (190.1 +/- 63.8 min [mean +/- SD]) to 12 weeks (391.1 +/- 153.0 min) in the high dose group (p < 0.01). A nonsignificant increase in lag phase in the mid-dose group was observed during the same time interval. A dose response was found for mean percent change from baseline to 12 weeks for lag phase for the placebo, mid- and high dose groups (p = 0.004 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high dose combination of antioxidant nutrients reduces the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in patients with CVD and may be useful in secondary prevention.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Preventive Cardiology Program, Department of Medicine, Ann Arbor 48106-0363, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubenfire
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tarshis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid