title: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in pilocytic astrocytoma.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor, is important in the angiogenesis of glioblastoma. A major difference between pilocytic astrocytoma, a grade I tumor, and the grade II fibrillary astrocytoma is the vascular proliferation, highly vascularized stroma, and great propensity for cyst formation in the former. In order to explore factors regulating such angiogenesis and cyst formation in pilocytic astrocytoma, we examined expression of VEGF and its receptors (KDR and Flt-1) using in situ hybridization. In all 14 cases a high level of VEGF transcripts could be demonstrated. These were found in specific regions, namely, in the tumor cyst wall, in areas of hyaline cystic degeneration, in stellate reticulated astrocytes around microcysts in the biphasic compact and loose areas, and in tumor cells with degenerative pleomorphic multicoated nuclei. KDR and Flt-1 were expressed in the tumor vasculature, with particularly high levels seen in coiled young proliferating vessels, especially those in the cyst wall. Given the known angiogenic and vascular permeability activities of VEGF, we propose that VEGF plays an important role in molding the characteristic morphologic features of this tumor, namely, the formation of cysts, microcystic pattern, hyaline cystic degeneration, hyaline vessels, and vascular proliferation. Mechanisms that block the VEGF pathway could constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010296:Parietal Lobe; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics*; D013702:Temporal Lobe; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor