title: Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: who are we missing?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain population-based information on the characteristics of persons who were not receiving chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) by examining the use of primary and secondary PCP prophylaxis among San Francisco residents whose AIDS-defining opportunistic illness was PCP in 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts were obtained from San Francisco hospitals and outpatient facilities at which AIDS patients received their initial AIDS diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  San Francisco residents whose AIDS-defining opportunistic illness was PCP in 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of primary and secondary PCP prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 326 eligible patients, 35% received primary PCP prophylaxis. Non-whites were significantly less likely to have received primary PCP prophylaxis than white patients [22 versus 40%, respectively; odds ratio (OR), 0.49; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.28-0.87]. Uninsured individuals-were also less likely to have received primary PCP prophylaxis than those with insurance (18 versus 41%; OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.73). The sociodemographic characteristics of patients who did and did not receive secondary PCP prophylaxis did not differ significantly. The most frequently cited reasons for not receiving primary PCP prophylaxis were that patients were unaware of their infection with HIV or were not receiving regular medical care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Barriers to receipt of PCP prophylaxis exist and are resulting in cases of preventable disease and unnecessary medical costs. Interventions to increase counseling, testing, and referral to medical care for persons at high risk for HIV infection are needed.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Disease Control, and AIDS, CA 94102, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Schwarcz
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirozawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Lemp
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003710:Demography; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco; D012962:Sociology, Medical