title: Enhanced synthesis of proteoglycans by vascular endothelial cells treated with phorbol ester.
abstract: We investigated the biosynthesis of proteoglycans (PG) in endothelial cells following their treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells were incubated in the presence and absence of PMA (100 ng/ml) and then pulsed with [35S]sulfate, [3H]glucosamine, or [35S]sulfate plus [3H]leucine for varying times in the absence of PMA. Alternatively, confluent endothelial cells were simultaneously incubated with PMA and [35S]sulfate for varying times. The metabolically labeled PG in the cell layer and medium were analyzed. Both short-term and prolonged exposure of endothelial cells to PMA significantly stimulated PG synthesis, regardless of the experimental conditions. [35S]sulfate incorporation into newly synthesized PG in PMA-treated cells also increased by 1.7-fold and 3.6-fold over control cells, following a 15-min and 30-min pulse, respectively. Cycloheximide markedly inhibited the increased synthesis of PG in PMA-treated cells, while actinomycin D produced a moderate inhibition. PG secretion was increased in PMA-treated cells compared with control cells, while there was no significant difference in PG degradation between the two cultures. PG from control and PMA-treated endothelial cell cultures did not differ in composition or hydrodynamic sizes. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into total cellular proteins decreased significantly following exposure of endothelial cells to PMA. Endothelial cells exposed to PMA for 3 h had significantly more protein kinase C (PKC) activity than did control cells. Inhibition of PKC by calphostin C abolished the PMA-mediated stimulation of PG synthesis in endothelial cells. The results indicate that PMA stimulates PG synthesis in endothelial cells either directly or indirectly through a PKC dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Ochsner Medical Institutions, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Glancy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vijayagopal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009281:Naphthalenes; D011509:Proteoglycans; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D007930:Leucine; C058819:calphostin C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate