A randomized, double-blind, dose-response comparison of epidural fentanyl versus sufentanil analgesia after cesarean section.
This study was designed to determine and compare the dose-response characteristics, speed of onset, and relative potency of single-dose epidural fentanyl (F) and sufentanil (S) for postoperative pain relief. Eighty women undergoing cesarean section (C/S) with epidural 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind epidural administration of F (25, 50, 100, or 200 microg) or S (5, 10, 20, or 30 microg) (n = 10 per group) upon complaint of pain postoperatively. Visual analog scales (VAS, 0-100 mm) were used to assess pain and sedation at baseline; at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min; and every 30 min until further analgesia was requested. The study was terminated at 30 min if satisfactory analgesia was not achieved. Side effects were recorded. A dose-response was demonstrated for both opioids. F 25 microg and S 5 microg were ineffective, with significantly fewer women achieving VAS scores <10 mm (P < 0.05 compared with F 100 or 200 microg and S 20 or 30 microg). F 100 and 200 microg and S 20 and 30 microg all achieved VAS scores <10 mm in all women with no differences in time to 50% reduction in VAS (mean 11-16 min) and no differences in duration of analgesia (mean 117-138 min). The 50% and 95% effective dose values for each opioid to achieve a VAS score <10 mm were F 33 microg and 92 microg and S 6.7 microg and 17.5 microg. There were no differences among groups in sedation scores or side effects. Our data suggest that the relative analgesic potency of epidural S:F is approximately 5 and that there are no differences between the opioids in the onset, duration, and effectiveness of analgesia when equianalgesic doses are administered postoperatively after lidocaine anesthesia for C/S.
Grass
J A
JA
Department of General Anesthesiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
Sakima
N T
NT
Schmidt
R
R
Michitsch
R
R
Zuckerman
R L
RL
Harris
A P
AP
D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002585:Cesarean Section; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D017409:Sufentanil; D005283:Fentanyl