title: Residual neuromuscular blockade after cardiac surgery: pancuronium vs rocuronium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade after cardiac surgery in patients receiving either rocuronium or pancuronium for muscle relaxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, controlled, double-blind study, 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass were randomized to receive either rocuronium (n = 10) or pancuronium (n = 10) during surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with sufentanil, benzodiazepine and propofol or ketamine, and maintained with air/O2/sufentanil/isoflurane. Neuromuscular blockade was induced with 0.1 ml.kg-1 from blinded syringes containing recuronium (6 mg.ml-1) (Group R) or pancuronium (1 mg.ml-1) (Group P). Relaxants were administered according to clinical criteria and reversal agents were not given. After surgery, neuromuscular transmission was assessed by train-of-four stimulation of the ulnar nerve/adductor pollicis EMG (Datex Relaxograph). Mean values from three trains of stimuli were recorded and repeated 30 min later if TOF ratio was < 0.7. Time to extubation was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On arrival in the ICU, nine of 10 patients in group R but only three of 10 patients in group P demonstrated four visible responses (P < 0.05). Mean TOF ratio in group P, 0.03 +/- 0.05, was less than in group R, 0.68 +/- 0.34 (P < 0.001). All patients in group P and 4 of 10 patients in group R had TOF ratio < 0.7 (P = 0.01). Time to extubation in group P (median 18, range 6-48 hr) was not statistically different from that in group R (14, 5-44 hr).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual neuromuscular block, TOF ratio < 0.7, is common after cardiac surgery but the incidence is less when pancuronium is replaced by rocuronium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McEwin
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bevan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000732:Androstanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077123:Rocuronium
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D010197:Pancuronium; D000077123:Rocuronium