title: Reduction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastric injury and leucocyte endothelial adhesion by octreotide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce gastric ulcers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the somatostatin analogue octreotide prevents NSAID induced mucosal gastrointestinal damage in both animals and humans. The effect of octreotide on neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated either with saline (0.3 ml subcutaneously) or octreotide (0.001-1 ng/kg subcutaneously). After 30 minutes gastric ulcers were induced by the intragastric application of NSAIDs (20 mg/kg indomethacin, 200 mg/kg aspirin, 200 mg/kg ibuprofen, or 50 mg/kg diclofenac). Four hours later the rats were killed and gastric mucosal lesions were assessed by computed planimetry. To determine whether octreotide could prevent indomethacin induced injury in humans, 20 healthy volunteers were evaluated in a double blind, placebo controlled study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Octreotide prevented NSAID induced gastric mucosal lesions (p < 0.05). The dose response curve was U shaped and the most effective dose was 0.1 ng/kg. Leucocyte adherence in submucosal venules of the stomach was evaluated by in vivo microscopy. Octreotide (0.1 ng/kg subcutaneously) prevented indomethacin (20 mg/kg intragastric) induced leucocyte adherence in gastric submucosal venules (p < 0.05). Healthy human volunteers received 50 mg indomethacin orally thrice a day concomitantly with either an identical placebo or 0.01 microgram, 0.1 microgram, or 1 microgram octreotide subcutaneously thrice a day for three days. Injury was assessed by endoscopy. There was a negative correlation between the octreotide dose and injury score (p < 0.03 for gastric injury, p < 0.001 for duodenal injury).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Octreotide protects the stomach from NSAID induced gastric injury, probably via its ability to reduce NSAID induced neutrophilic adhesion to the microvasculature. Octreotide also ameliorated indomethacin induced gastric and duodenal injury in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scheiman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tillner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angermüller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Görlach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Usadel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusterer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006728:Hormones; D015282:Octreotide; D007213:Indomethacin