title: Contralateral ureteral meatal advancement in unilateral antireflux surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contralateral vesicoureteral reflux is a well-known development after successful unilateral ureteral reimplantation that is not apparently influenced by the reimplantation technique. We sought to determine whether bilateral reimplantation should be performed routinely in unilateral cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1984 to 1995 we performed contralateral ureteral meatal advancement in 53 children 1 to 9.5 years old (mean age 2.5) undergoing surgery for unilateral grades II to V vesicoureteral reflux, including 12 with reflux in duplex systems. Ureteral meatal advancement involves a transverse Y shaped mucosal incision from the nonrefluxing orifice to the opposite hemitrigone. The inferior half of the ureteral orifice is then advanced toward the midline using 3 or 4 long-term resorbable sutures. The control group included 98 children who underwent unilateral surgery for grades II to V reflux from 1990 to 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence of vesicoureteral reflux was observed in the 53 children who underwent contralateral meatal advancement. There was no obstruction or other complications. At followup contralateral reflux was found in 11 controls after unilateral reimplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contralateral reflux has been reported in up to 27% of previously reported cases and in 11% of our control group after successful unilateral antireflux surgery. Contralateral ureteral meatal advancement has proved effective for preventing reflux in 100% of cases. It requires minimal invasion of the nonrefluxing ureter, and little additional operative time and cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gasù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caione
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Capozza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lais
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nappo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matarazzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferro
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*