title: An international comparison of cancer survival: Toronto, Ontario, and Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether socioeconomic status has a differential effect on the survival of adults diagnosed with cancer in Canada and the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Ontario Cancer Registry and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program provided a total of 58,202 and 76,055 population-based primary malignant cancer cases for Toronto, Ontario, and Detroit, Mich, respectively. Socioeconomic data for each person's residence at time of diagnosis were taken from population censuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the US cohort, there was a significant association between socioeconomic status and survival for 12 of the 15 most common cancer sites; in the Canadian cohort, there was no such association for 12 of the 15 sites. Among residents of low-income areas, persons in Toronto experienced a survival advantage for 13 of 15 cancer sites at 1- and 5-year follow-up. No such between-country differentials were observed in the middle- or high-income groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consistent pattern of a survival advantage in Canada observed across various cancer sites and follow-up periods suggests that Canada's more equitable access to preventive and therapeutic health care services is responsible for the difference.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gorey
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Holowaty
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fehringer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D018426:SEER Program; D012923:Social Class; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors; D014505:Urban Population