title: Nutritional status of pigs fed olestra with and without increased dietary levels of vitamins A and E in long-term studies.
abstract: In a 26-wk study, five groups (n = 10) of domestic pigs were fed 0.25, 0.5, 1.1, 3.3 or 5.5% olestra; three groups were fed 0.25% with graded levels of vitamins A and E; and one group was fed 5.5% with added vitamins A and E and exposed to UV light. In a 39-wk study, two groups (n = 10) were fed 0.25% olestra with or without added vitamins A and E. In each study, a control group was fed basal diet with no olestra, and a group was killed at d 0 for base-line nutrient measurements. The diets provided the NRC's requirements of micronutrients for 5- to 10-kg pigs, with the following two exceptions: vitamin D was provided at twice the requirement in the 26-wk study and vitamin K was provided at 20% of the requirement in the 39-wk study. One purpose of the studies was to determine the amounts of vitamins A and E required to restore tissue concentrations of those vitamins to control concentrations. A second purpose was to determine the effects of olestra on the status of vitamins A, D, E, K and B12, and folate, iron, calcium and zinc when pigs eat olestra at intakes similar to estimated human intake for a period covering major growth and developmental phases, including sexual maturation. Olestra reduced tissue concentrations of vitamins A, D and E but did not affect prothrombin time or the status of the water-soluble nutrients. The amount of vitamin A required to restore liver concentration to control concentration was 93 microg retinyl palmitate/g olestra. Restoration levels for serum and liver concentrations of vitamin E were 2.2 and 2.1 mg d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/g olestra. Olestra did not affect growth or digestible feed efficiency in either study, indicating that the absorption and utilization of macronutrients were unaffected. There were no antemortem observations or changes in clinical chemistry or hematology that would indicate an adverse effect of olestra.
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Technical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Spendel
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kiorpes
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D019358:Fat Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000187:drug effects*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000032:analysis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D019358:Fat Substitutes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D013395:Sucrose; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; C013692:sucrose polyester; D005492:Folic Acid; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D002112:Calcifediol; D002118:Calcium