title: Influence of certain calcium-channel blockers on some aspects of lorazepam-dependence in mice.
abstract: The effect of acute and chronic treatments of the calcium-channel blockers, isradipine, diltiazem and flunarizine in protecting against lorazepam dependence has been demonstrated in mice. Dependence was induced by twice-daily administration of lorazepam (1 mg kg-1) for 10 days, doubling the dose during the next 10 days. Withdrawal symptoms and changes in the noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine content of different regions of the brain were observed after either 24-h withdrawal or flumazenil administration. Isradipine inhibited lorazepam withdrawal symptoms, the effect being accompanied in the 24-h withdrawal group by significant decreases in the noradrenaline and dopamine content of the thalamus and hypothalamus and in the noradrenaline content of the mid-brain. In the flumazenil-treated group isradipine produced significant decreases in mid-brain noradrenaline and dopamine levels and in the dopamine content of the thalamus and hypothalamus. Diltiazem did not, on the other hand, afford significant protection against lorazepam withdrawal symptoms and did not induce any significant change in the neurotransmitters studied. Flunarizine significantly inhibited lorazepam withdrawal symptoms, an effect accompanied by significant reduction in noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the thalamus and hypothalamus. Dopamine was also significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex. Similar effects were produced in the flumazenil-treated group, and the noradrenaline content was reduced in the medulla, pons and cerebellum. It was concluded that isradipine and flunarizine might be of value in ameliorating lorazepam withdrawal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khayyal
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D005444:Flunarizine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017275:Isradipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D012701:Serotonin; D004110:Diltiazem; D008140:Lorazepam; D005444:Flunarizine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D017275:Isradipine