title: Appearance of Graves' disease after percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma.
abstract: In this report we describe an unusual patient with hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma in whom percutaneous ethanol injection (p.e.i.) therapy was followed by typical Graves' disease. His history revealed the presence of a sister with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. 99-mTc thyroid scintiscan showed focal uptake in the nodule, with suppression of extranodular parenchyma. P.e.i. therapy was followed by the development of severe hyperthyroidism. One month after a second p.e.i. cycle, recurrence of hyperthyroidism associated with diffuse 99-mTc uptake by the gland was observed. TSH-receptor and thyroglobulin autoantibodies were undetectable before p.e.i. therapy, appeared during the first cycle, and showed a further increase after the second p.e.i. therapy cycle. Though spontaneous switch to Graves' disease cannot be excluded in patients with toxic nodules, the massive release of thyroid materials from follicular cells, among these TSH-receptor antigenic components partially denatured by ethanol, may indeed trigger an autoimmune response to the TSH-receptor, thus accounting for this observation. Patients with possible autoimmune disposition, as selected by familiar history and/or laboratory markers should be carefully monitored during p.e.i. treatment.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Medica 2, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monzani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Guerra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caraccio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casolaro
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lippolis
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goletti
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000431:Ethanol