title: Effect of glutamine or glucagon-insulin enriched total parenteral nutrition on liver and gut in 70% hepatectomized rats with colon stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition of enterocytes is believed to facilitate the breakdown of the intestinal mucosal barrier, furthering a translocation of enteric bacteria with subsequent severe infection, which has been described after extensive hepatectomy. Glutamine and glucagon insulin are said to attenuate the malnutrition of enterocytes. To determine whether this was true, the effects on the remnant liver and the gut of total parenteral nutrition supplemented by admixtures of glutamine and/or glucagon insulin were investigated in rats subjected to massive hepatectomy and transient intestinal stasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats underwent a permanent cannulation of the superior caval vein without restraining their mobility, a 70% hepatectomy, and a 24 hour string-ligation stenosis of the colon. A standard total parenteral nutrition solution was infused without or with 2% glutamine and without or with glucagon-insulin supplementation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamine and glucagon-insulin supplemented total parenteral nutrition increased ileal mucosal DNA concentrations during and after intestinal stasis. Glutamine or glucagon-insulin alone had less pronounced effects. In the liver, the combined supplementation resulted in reduced adenosine triphosphate concentrations and increased mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthesis as well as in an early increase in DNA concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glutamine and glucagon-insulin enriched total parenteral nutrition attenuates malnutrition of enterocytes after massive abdominal stress and promotes liver regeneration after extensive hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Isselhard
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006498:Hepatectomy; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005973:Glutamine; D000641:Ammonia; D005934:Glucagon; D000410:Alanine Transaminase