Suicides among physicians, engineers and teachers: the prevalence of reported depression, admissions to hospital and contributory causes of death.
The number of admissions to hospital, reported diagnoses, prevalence of reported depression and contributory causes of death among Finnish physicians, engineers and teachers who committed completed suicide between 1986 and 1993 were studied. The data for hospital admissions with diagnoses were obtained from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Thin-layer chromatography was used to detect drugs in the liver, a dual-column gas chromatographic method was used for screening and quantification of drugs in the blood sample, and a head-space chromatographic method was used to measure blood alcohol levels. Physicians had more somatic diagnoses than the reference groups, and the prevalence of reported depression was higher among females than males. A minority of the depressed subjects had been admitted to hospital, although depression was observed to be the most prevalent contributory cause of death in all of the groups studied. The physicians used solid or liquid substances, especially barbiturates, as the main method of suicide. It is possible that depression in physicians, especially in male subjects, is undertreated in psychiatric hospitals.
Lindeman
S
S
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland.
Läärä
E
E
Vuori
E
E
Lönnqvist
J
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004738:Engineering / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013663:Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*