title: Role of lipids in the permeabilization of membranes by class L amphipathic helical peptides.
abstract: We studied the mechanism of membrane permeabilization by the 18L model peptide (GIKKFLGSIWKFIKAFVG), which features the consensus class L sequence averaged from the number of naturally occurring lytic peptides. Two aspects of membrane lipid composition significantly affected peptide-membrane interactions: the presence of acidic lipids and, in zwitterionic membranes, and the presence of nonbilayer forming lipids. In zwitterionic membranes, 18L peptide destabilizes the membrane, leading to a transient formation of large defects in the membrane which result generally in contents leakage, but in the presence of bilayer-bilayer contact can alternatively lead to vesicle fusion. In membranes containing acidic lipids (DOPC:DOPG, DOPG), 18L caused leakage but not fusion, probably due to mutual repulsion of acidic vesicles. While the extent of contents leakage was approximately the same as for zwitterionic membranes, the kinetics of leakage could be resolved only by using stopped-flow, leakage being essentially complete within the first minute. Previously, we reported that apolipoprotein (class A) and lytic (class L) peptide analogs have opposing effects on some properties of biological membranes. This reciprocal effect of 18L and Ac-18A-NH2, class A model peptide, is restricted to membranes with a high propensity for nonbilayer phase formation (DOPE, Me-DOPE, DOPC:DOPE, DOPC:Me-DOPE). The decrease in the content of nonbilayer phase forming lipid or the addition of acidic lipids reduces or eliminates the reciprocal effects. This suggests the importance of nonbilayer phase propensity for certain functions of biological membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University Health Sciences Center, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Polozov
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Polozova
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tytler
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anantharamaiah
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Segrest
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Woolley
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Epand
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D008081:Liposomes; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010446:Peptide Fragments