title: Subretinal fibrosis in diabetic macular edema. ETDRS report 23. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the characteristics of and risk factors for subretinal fibrosis (SRF) in patients with diabetic macular edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 109 eyes (in 96 persons) with SRF, defined as a mound or sheet of gray to white tissue beneath the retina at or near the center of the macula, were identified during the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, which is a randomized clinical trial of photocoagulation and aspirin treatment in patients with mild to severe nonproliferative or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The patients and the ocular characteristics of these 109 eyes, all of which had clinically significant macular edema, were compared with those of 5653 eyes in which clinically significant macular edema, but not SRF, was observed during the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 9 of 109 eyes, the development of SRF may have been directly related to focal photocoagulation. Seventy-four percent of the eyes in which SRF developed had very severe hard exudates in the macula prior to the development of SRF, while this level of hard exudates was seen in only 2.5% of the eyes with clinically significant macular edema in which SRF did not develop (P < .001). Of the 264 eyes with this level of hard exudates at baseline (n = 29) or during follow-up (n = 235), SRF developed in 30.7% of the eyes, while this complication developed in only 0.05% of 5498 eyes with clinically significant macular edema without this level of hard exudates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subretinal fibrosis is an infrequent complication of diabetic macular edema. Although it has been reported to be associated with photocoagulation burn intensity, in only 9 of 109 eyes in which SRF developed was it located adjacent to a photocoagulation-related scar (among 4823 eyes that received focal photocoagulation for treatment of macular edema). The strongest risk factor for the development of SRF is very severe hard exudate.
authors.affiliation: King/Drew Medical Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, USA. dsfong@ucla.edu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008028:Light Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin