title: The role of paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in stress-ulcer formation in rats.
abstract: The rat stress model of restraint and cold water immersion was used to investigate the effect of stimulating the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus on the development of stress-induced gastric ulceration. The results were (1) electric stimulation of the PVN increased the stress ulceration, while electrolytic lesion of the PVN decreased it; (2) intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of acetylcholine (Ach) enhanced the effect of PVN stimulation on stress ulcers, and the M-receptor was involved; (3) i.c.v. norepinephrine (NE) attenuated the effect of PVN stimulation on stress ulcers in a dose-dependent manner, and the beta-receptor was involved; (4) i.c.v. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) enhanced the effect of PVN stimulation on stress ulcers; (5) electrolytic lesions of dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) attenuated the effect of PVN stimulation on stress ulcers, while electrolytic lesions of the locus ceruleus (LC) aggravated the effect; (6) thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, ovariectomy, vagotomy and sympathectomy all attenuated the effect of PVN stimulation on stress ulcers; (7) electric stimulation of the PVN produced no effect on gastric juice volume, acidity, total acid output, pepsin activity or the gastric barrier mucus; but greatly reduced gastric mucosal blood flow. These results indicate that the PVN is an important brain site regulating the development of stress-induced gastric ulcers, that the classical neurotransmitters Ach, NE and 5-HT are involved, and that in the periphery, both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and the three endocrine glands (thyroid, adrenal and gonad) take part in the effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000143:Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000378:metabolism; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013562:Sympathectomy; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D014456:Ulcer / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014628:Vagotomy
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D012701:Serotonin; D010434:Pepsin A; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine