title: Benign prostatic hyperplasia in Sweden 1987 to 1994: changing patterns of treatment, changing patterns of costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess health care use and costs for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Sweden from 1987 to 1994 when minimal invasive procedures, including transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT) and drugs, were introduced, in addition to conventional surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional annual data on health care utilization based on national information systems and surveys were used for calculation of direct 1994 cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of men in the age group at risk for BPH was virtually constant, and the total direct health care costs for BPH treatment increased from 1987 to 1992. A slight decrease was evident for the years 1993 and 1994, notwithstanding the introduction of new ambulatory procedures in 1991 and of new drugs in 1992. The number of physician office visits changed little during the study period, although this estimate may be low. TUMT procedures were introduced rapidly but decreased; nevertheless, their share was never more than 3% of total costs. Drug sales were 15-fold those in 1992 and accounted for 12% of the total costs in 1994. Conventional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) operations decreased markedly after the introduction of the new treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new treatments were adopted differently. TUMT procedures decreased as rapidly as they were introduced. Three years after the introduction of the new drugs, drug sales indicated that the number of men receiving drug treatment was greater than the annual number of men receiving TURP operations and TUMT procedures combined. Yet the total costs showed a slight decrease, mainly due to the decreasing numbers of TURP operations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blomqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekbom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahlstrand
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D013548:Sweden