title: Influence of ethnicity and gender on cardiovascular responses to active coping and inhibitory-passive coping challenges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate how black and white men and women responded physiologically to specific laboratory challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemodynamic responses to an active coping (evaluated speaking) and two inhibitory-passive coping (mirror tracing, cold pressor) tasks were examined in 138 black and white men and women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant ethnicity by gender interactions occurred for the evaluated speaking task. Black men responded with lower blood pressure, cardiac output or heart rate, or both, than black women, white men, and white women, who did not differ from each other. Black men, relative to the other subgroups, also reported more inhibitory-passive coping, hostility, and pessimism, and less social support. Whites also responded with greater increases in systolic blood pressure during mirror tracing than blacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that black-white differences in physiological responsivity obtained for men may have limited generalizability for women. The results also suggest that environmental and social factors rather than genetic or constitutional factors may play a role in black-white reactivity differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-2070, USA.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Llabre
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wohlgemuth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving; D011603:Psychophysiology; D012944:Social Support; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*