title: Roles of temperamental arousal and gender-segregated play in young children's social adjustment.
abstract: The hypothesis that gender differences in children's adjustment is partially influenced by differences in temperament and interactions with same-sex peers was examined. Fifty-seven predominantly White, middle-class preschoolers (29 boys and 28 girls, M age = 54.5 months) participated. Measures were taken of children's arousability, problem behaviors, and tendencies to play with same-sex peers. A semester later, children's peer status was assessed. Analyses revealed that arousability and same-sex peer play interacted to predict problem behaviors. For boys high in arousability, play with same-sex peers increased problem behaviors. In contrast, arousable girls who played with other girls were relatively unlikely to show problem behaviors. Moreover, the interaction of arousability and same-sex peer play predicted boys' (but not girls') peer status, and this relation was partially mediated by problem behaviors. The role of gender-related processes is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Resources and Human Development, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-2502, USA. rfabes@asu.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fabes
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012951:Socialization; D013694:Temperament