title: Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass under tepid temperature on inflammatory reactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes inflammatory reactions and abnormal responses of vascular resistance. Theoretically, the difference in the blood temperature during CPB may influence the degree of CPB-induced inflammatory reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the effect of the perfusate temperature during CPB, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil elastase, complements, and vasoactive substances were measured in 18 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting under tepid temperature (34 degrees C) and moderate hypothermia (28 degrees C). Respiratory index and systemic vascular resistance index during and after CPB and intubation time after postoperative course were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patterns of the change in interleukin-8 and neutrophil elastase were significantly different between the two groups. The tepid group showed an earlier decrease in interleukin-8 and neutrophil elastase levels as compared with the hypothermic group. The prostaglandin E2 level just after CPB was significantly higher in the tepid group than in the hypothermic group. Systemic vascular resistance index and respiratory index and intubation time were significantly lower in the tepid group than in the hypothermic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that tepid CPB affected the inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil activation compared with hypothermic CPB, resulting in the attenuation of respiratory dysfunction. This may suggest a beneficial effect of tepid temperature in CPB with possible attenuation of the postperfusion syndrome.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadoba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D001920:Bradykinin / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D010477:Perfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013696:Temperature; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D015232:Dinoprostone; D001920:Bradykinin