title: Serum neuron-specific enolase as early predictor of outcome after cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase for early prediction of outcome in patients at risk for anoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary intensive care unit of the University of Heidelberg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients (66.8 +/- 12.7 [SD] yrs, range 33 to 85) who had had either primary or secondary cardiac arrest, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial blood samples and clinical examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum neuron-specific enolase concentrations were determined after CPR on 7 consecutive days. Twenty-five patients remained comatose and subsequently died; 18 patients survived the first 3 months and had no relevant functional deficit at 3-month follow-up. Neuron-specific enolase concentrations were correlated with neurologic outcome. Concentrations of >33 ng/mL predicted persistent coma with a high specificity (100%) and a positive predictive value of 100%. Overall sensitivity was 80%, with a negative predictive value of 78%. Serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase exceeded this cutoff value no more than 3 days after cardiac arrest in 95% of patients in whom these concentrations had exceeded 33 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who have been resuscitated after cardiac arrest, serum neuron-specific enolase concentrations of >33 ng/mL predict persistent coma with a high specificity. Values below this cutoff level do not necessarily indicate complete recovery, because this method has a sensitivity of 80%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fogel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veith
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hund
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Storch-Hagenlocher
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buggle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hacke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003128:Coma / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase