title: Current treatment of post-traumatic deformities. Residual orbital, adnexal, and soft-tissue abnormalities.
abstract: Evaluation and treatment of residual post-traumatic deformities of the periorbital region are approached best by systematically dividing the area into zones and assessing the deformities and needs of that particular region before addressing restoration of both function and cosmesis. These zones can be extended three dimensionally, and all abnormalities can be addressed appropriately. Bone malpositioning must be addressed first, and once repositioned, many soft tissue abnormalities may not require treatment. All periocular zones contain specialized structures that are interrelated. A fundamental understanding of the anatomy and physiology combined with the basic plastic surgical concept of recreation of the defect can lead to a successful approach to late deformities in this region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Forman
mesh_terms: D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D009915:Orbit / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods; D013536:Suture Techniques