Stimulation of eating by the second messenger cAMP in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamus.
Despite intense study of neurotransmitters mediating hypothalamic controls of food intake, little is known about which second messengers are critical for these mechanisms. To determine whether adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) might participate in these mechanisms, we injected the membrane-permeant cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP (8-BrcAMP) hypothalamically in satiated rats. Injection of 8-BrcAMP (10-100 nmol) into the perifornical (PFH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) dose dependently stimulated food intake of up to 15.7 g in 2 h. Significantly smaller responses were obtained with thalamic injections. In contrast to the strong stimulatory effects of PFH and LH 8-BrcAMP, cAMP and 8-bromo-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (100 nmol) were ineffective, suggesting a chemically specific, intracellular action. Consistent with this, combined PFH injection of 7-deacetyl-7-O-(N-methylpiperazino)-tau-butyryl-forskolin dihydrochloride and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, agents that increase endogeneous cAMP, stimulated eating of up to 9.9 g in 2 h. These results demonstrate that increases in PFH/LH cAMP can elicit complex, goal-oriented behavior, suggesting an important role for cAMP in hypothalamic mechanisms stimulating food intake.
Gillard
E R
ER
Department of Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside 92521, USA.
Khan
A M
AM
Ahsan-ul-Haq
Grewal
R S
RS
Mouradi
B
B
Stanley
B G
BG
D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005576:Colforsin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D007026:Hypothalamic Area, Lateral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013788:Thalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D004224:Diterpenes; C055627:L 858051; D005576:Colforsin; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine