title: Signal transduction pathways involved in the mitogenic activity of pleiotrophin. Implication of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways.
abstract: Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a developmentally regulated protein which exhibits neurite-outgrowth, mitogenic, and angiogenic properties. It has also been shown to be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Here we used primary BEL (bovine epithelial lens) cells to investigate the signal transduction pathways involved in the mitogenic activity of recombinant PTN. PTN was purified from conditioned media of SW-13 cells transfected with the human PTN cDNA. We show that inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, or phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase inhibit DNA synthesis stimulated by PTN. Analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins following PTN stimulation showed phosphorylation of two novel 190- and 215-kDa proteins in addition to SHC, ERK1, and ERK2. A mobility shift of phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 was detected with a panERK antibody confirming the phosphorylation of the two ERKs. Furthermore, in vitro immunocomplex kinase assay with Akt1, a natural substrate of PI 3-kinase, showed an activation of the kinase following PTN stimulation and a reversal by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. We conclude that the mitogenic activity of PTN is dependent on tyrosine kinase activation and utilizes the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the PI 3-kinase pathways to transduce a mitogenic signal.
authors.affiliation: Lombardi Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Souttou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wellstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D008934:Mitogens; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C066845:pleiotrophin; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human