title: Retinoids suppress epidermal growth factor-induced transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), the inducible form of cyclooxygenase, is up-regulated in tumors and transformed cells. Because this enzyme catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, chemopreventive strategies that suppress its expression could be useful for preventing cancer. We investigated whether retinoids suppressed basal expression of Cox-2 or EGF-mediated induction of Cox-2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Treatment with retinoids [all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA), 9-cis-RA, 13-cis-RA, and retinyl acetate] suppressed both basal levels of Cox-2 and EGF-mediated induction of Cox-2 protein and synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Retinoids also suppressed the induction of Cox-2 mRNA by EGF. Transient transfection experiments showed that EGF caused about a 100% increase in Cox-2 promoter activity, an effect that was suppressed by retinoids. Levels of epidermal growth factor receptor were unaffected by retinoids. Epidermal growth factor caused a nearly 10-fold increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase activity; this effect was not blocked by retinoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mestre
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subbaramaiah
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dannenberg
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012176:Retinoids; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases