title: Effects of grinding and humidification on the transformation of conglomerate to racemic compound in optically active drugs.
abstract: The effects of grinding and humidification on the transformation of conglomerate to racemic compound have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy for leucine, norleucine, valine, serine, tartaric acid and malic acid. Racemic physical mixtures were prepared by physical mixing of equimolar quantities of D and I. crystals using a mortar and pestle. Ground mixtures were obtained by grinding the physical mixtures with a vibrational mill. Humidification was performed by storing the physical mixtures and the ground mixtures in a desiccator containing saturated aqueous salt solutions at 40 degrees C. When physical mixtures of malic acid, tartaric acid and serine were ground, the XPD peaks of the racemic compounds were observed. The XPD patterns of humidified physical mixtures of these compounds also showed the formation of the racemic compounds. This indicated that grinding or humidification of malic acid, tartaric acid and serine induced the transformation of conglomerate to racemic compound crystals. When, on the other hand, the physical mixtures of valine, leucine and norleucine were ground, peaks of racemic compounds were not detected in the XPD pattern. After humidification of the ground mixtures of valine, leucine and norleucine, however, the XPD peaks of racemic compounds were observed. DSC and IR studies revealed consistent results. We concluded that grinding or humidification of malic acid, tartaric acid and serine could induce the transformation of a conglomerate to racemic compound. In contrast, humidifying after grinding was needed to bring about the transformation in leucine, norleucine and valine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piyarom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yonemochi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D006813:Humidity; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008293:Malates / Q000737:chemistry*; D009646:Norleucine / Q000737:chemistry*; D009904:Optical Rotation; D012015:Reference Standards; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013644:Tartrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014633:Valine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D013644:Tartrates; D012694:Serine; C030298:malic acid; D009646:Norleucine; D007930:Leucine; D014633:Valine; C029768:tartaric acid