title: Percutaneous absorption of sunscreen agents from liquid paraffin: self-association of octyl salicylate and effects on skin flux.
abstract: This study provides an investigation of the availability of octyl salicylate (OS), a common sunscreen agent, from liquid paraffin and the effect of OS on skin permeability. A model membrane system to isolate the vehicle effect from membrane permeability has been developed. Partitioning of OS between liquid paraffin and aqueous receptor phases was conducted. Partition coefficients increased with increase in OS concentration. A range of OS concentrations in liquid paraffin was diffused across human epidermis and synthetic membranes into 4% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline and 50% ethanol. Absorption profiles of OS obtained from silicone and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) membranes were similar to each other but higher than for the high-density polyethylene [HDPE (3 times)] membrane and human epidermis (15 times). The steady state fluxes and apparent permeability coefficients (Kp') obtained from the diffusion studies showed the same trends with all membranes, except for the HDPE membrane which showed greater increase in flux and Kp' at concentrations above 30%. IR spectra showed that several bands of OS were shifted with concentrations, and the molecular models further suggested that the main contribution to the self-association is from non-1,4 van der Waals interactions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Prankerd
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010232:Paraffin; D010539:Permeability; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D012869:Skin Absorption; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D011095:Polyethylenes; D012459:Salicylates; D012828:Silicones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014867:Water; C103422:2-ethylhexyl salicylate; D010232:Paraffin