title: The Theory of Thermodynamics for Chemical Reactions in Dispersed Heterogeneous Systems
abstract: In this paper, the expressions of Gibbs energy change, enthalpy change, entropy change, and equilibrium constant for chemical reactions in dispersed heterogeneous systems are derived using classical thermodynamics theory. The thermodynamical relations for the same reaction system between the dispersed and the block state are also derived. The effects of degree of dispersion on thermodynamical properties, reaction directions, and chemical equilibria are discussed. The results show that the present equation of thermodynamics for chemical reactions is only a special case of the above-mentioned formulas and that the effect of the dispersity of a heterogeneous system on the chemical reaction obeys the Le Chatelier principle of movement of equilibria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Coal Processing and Utilization, Shanxi Institute of Mining and Technology, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030024, Peoples Republic of China
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yongqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baojiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jianfeng