title: Stillbirths and intrauterine infection, histologic chorioamnionitis and microbiological findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze whether placental inflammation is associated with stillbirth in Zimbabwe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placentas from 66 stillbirths (> 22 weeks' gestation; patients with congenital malformations, diabetes or preeclampsia were excluded) and 66 term live births were studied for the presence and severity of chorioamnionitis. The morphological results were compared with earlier presented microbiological findings in the same material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chorioamnionitis was present in 79% of stillbirths and 30% of live births (O.R. 8.5, 95% C.I. 4.0-18). Nine percent of stillbirths but no live births presented vasculitis of the chorionic plate, which verified an inflammatory response from the infant (O.R. 14, 95% C.I. 2.8-72). The same types of microorganisms were isolated from stillbirths and liveborns, but Escherichia coli and group B streptococci were more frequent among stillbirths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphological chorioamnionitis occurred 2.6 times more often in women with stillbirths than in women with live births. In 9% of stillbirths the infant showed an inflammatory response. Thus the infant was alive when the infection occurred and it is therefore reasonable to assume that infection was the cause of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moyo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hägerstrand
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tswana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ljungh
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology