title: Thermal status of wet-suited divers using closed circuit O2 apparatus in sea water of 17-18.5 degrees C.
abstract: A wet suit may not provide adequate thermal protection when diving in moderately cold water (17-18 degrees C), and any resultant mild hypothermia may impair performance during prolonged diving. We studied heat exchange during a dive to a depth of 5 m in sea water (17-18.5 degrees C) in divers wearing a full wet suit and using closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus. Eight fin swimmers dived for 3.1 h and six underwater scooter (UWS) divers propelled themselves through the water for 3.7 h. The measurements taken throughout the dive were the oxygen pressure in the cylinder and skin and rectal temperatures (Tre). Each subject also completed a cold score questionnaire. The Tre decreased continuously in all subjects. Oxygen consumption in the fin divers (1.40 l.min-1) was higher than that of the UWS divers (1.05 l.min-1). The mean total insulation was 0.087 degree C.m2.W-1 in both groups. Mean body insulation was 37% of the total insulation (suit insulation was 63%). The reduction in Tre over the 1st hour was related to subcutaneous fat thickness. There was a correlation between cold score and Tre at the end of 1 h, but not after that. A full wet suit does not appear to provide adequate thermal protection when diving in moderately cold water.
authors.affiliation: Israel Naval Medical Institute, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arieli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shoshani
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Daskalovic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shupak
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature