Cine MR Fourier velocimetry of blood flow through cardiac valves: comparison with Doppler echocardiography.
Noninvasive measurement of blood flow velocity through the cardiac valves has important clinical applications. A wide variety of MR methods are available for flow measurement. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of cine MR Fourier velocimetry to measure flow through healthy cardiac valves and to compare MR and Doppler peak velocity measurements. Ten healthy volunteers (age mean +/- SD, 24 +/- 4 years) without history of valvular disease were studied. Four of the subjects were females. In each subject, aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves were evaluated with MR and Doppler imaging. A whole-body mobile MR machine was used, operating at .5-T with actively shielded magnetic field gradient coils on all three axes capable of 20 mT/m at a slew rate of 60 mT/ m/msec. The heart rate during MR and Doppler studies was not significantly different. The mean difference between the two studies was 2 beats/min, with a 95% confidence interval of -22 beats/min, +25 beats/ min. Peak systolic flow velocity in the aortic and pulmonary valves and peak diastolic flow velocity in the mitral and tricuspid valves measured with MRI and Doppler echocardiography correlated well. The mean difference between the two measurements (MR-Doppler) was 63 mm/sec, with a 95% confidence interval of -180 mm/sec, +310 mm/sec. The agreement between two observers interpreting the same MR velocity maps was close. The mean difference between their two measurements was 23 mm/sec, with a 95% confidence interval of -20 mm/sec, +60 mm/sec. There was no significant difference between MR and Doppler imaging or between the two MR observers. MR Fourier velocimetry has the necessary ease, reliability, and speed to measure blood flow through the cardiac valves, although measurement of late diastolic flow in the atrioventricular valves is limited. Measurement of peak blood velocity through the cardiac valves by this method showed satisfactory agreement with Doppler, but its clinical application for assessing diseased cardiac valves must be established.
Mohiaddin
R H
RH
Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom. r.mohiaddin@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk
Gatehouse
P D
PD
Henien
M
M
Firmin
D N
DN
D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors