title: Hymenoptera sting anaphylaxis and urticaria pigmentosa: clinical findings and results of venom immunotherapy in ten patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occasional patients with urticaria pigmentosa and anaphylaxis after Hymenoptera stings have been described. In this situation the question arises: Is anaphylaxis IgE-mediated or induced by pharmacologic mediator release from mast cells?
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 10 patients with histologically confirmed urticaria pigmentosa and a history of anaphylaxis after honeybee or Vespula stings before and during immunotherapy with the respective venom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight of 10 patients, an elevated serum tryptase level was found. In two of 10 patients, no venom-specific IgE could be detected by either skin tests or RAST. Five patients had no detectable venom-specific serum IgE, and in the remaining patients the level was low (<1 Phadebas RAST unit). Venom immunotherapy was well tolerated and caused only one mild systemic reaction in a patient during the dose increase phase. Six patients were re-stung while receiving venom immunotherapy: only one had a mild systemic reaction (angioedema) after a Vespula sting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anaphylactic symptoms after Hymenoptera stings in patients with urticaria pigmentosa are most often IgE-mediated but can occasionally be observed in the absence of IgE sensitization to venom allergens. Venom immunotherapy can be safely and successfully used in patients with urticaria pigmentosa and sting anaphylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Zieglerspital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fricker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helbling
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014582:Urticaria Pigmentosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms; D014862:Wasp Venoms; D007073:Immunoglobulin E