title: Dose effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on pituitary hormone secretion and energy expenditure.
abstract: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the main circulating cytokine, is putatively a major mediator of the effects of the immune system on several endocrine axes and intermediate metabolism. We performed dose-response studies of recombinant human IL-6 on pituitary hormone secretion in 15 healthy male volunteers, using 5 single, escalating subcutaneous doses of IL-6 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 micrograms/kg body weight), each in 3 volunteers. We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) with indirect calorimetry and plasma anterior pituitary hormones and vasopressin (AVP) at baseline and half-hourly over 4 h after the injection. All doses examined were tolerated well and produced no significant adverse effects. Dose-dependent RMR increases were observed in response to the 3.0- and 10.0-microgram/kg doses of IL-6, beginning at 60 min and slowly peaking between 180 and 240 min. Plasma adrenocorticotropic-hormone concentrations increased dramatically and dose-dependently in all the patients who received the 3.0- and 10.0-microgram/kg doses of IL-6, respectively, peaking to 150 and 255 pg/ml at 60 min, and slowly returning to normal by 4 h. Corresponding plasma cortisol levels peaked dose-dependently between 90 and 150 min, but remained elevated throughout the sampling period. In contrast, the growth hormone (GH) dose-response was bell-shaped, with maximum (approximately 100-fold) stimulation achieved by 3.0 micrograms/kg IL-6. Prolactin (PRL) showed a similar but less pronounced response pattern. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) dose-dependently and progressively decreased over the 240 min, while gonadotropins showed no clear-cut changes. In conclusion, subcutaneous IL-6 administration induced synchronized dose-dependent increases in the RMR and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, suggesting that hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone may mediate both of these functions in humans. IL-6 also acutely stimulated GH and PRL secretion and suppressed TSH secretion. The dose of 3.0 micrograms/kg could be used safely in the study of patients with disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit or of thermogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsigos
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Defensor
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiadis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kyrou
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D006854:Hydrocortisone