title: The consistency and concomitants of inhibition: some of the children, all of the time.
abstract: Toddlers displaying extremely inhibited behavior may be at risk for becoming socially withdrawn. However, behavioral inhibition may be a multifaceted characteristic, and its concurrent relation to toddler wariness with peers has not been examined. In this study, 108 toddlers (54 females) and their mothers were observed in novel situations involving unfamiliar settings, adults, and peers. Vagal tone, temperament, separation-reunion behavior, and maternal oversolicitousness also were assessed. There was little consistency of inhibited behavior across the 3 situations. Consistently inhibited toddlers had fearful temperaments, showed distress following maternal separation, and had mothers who were warm and controlling but unresponsive to children's cues during interaction. Toddlers with highly fearful temperaments and highly oversolicitous mothers were the most inhibited across contexts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Children, Relationships, and Culture, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-1131, USA. krubin@rubinlab.umd.edu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D012918:Social Alienation; D013694:Temperament