title: Intermittent etidronate therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.
abstract: METHODS
  Osteoporosis is a recognized complication of corticosteroid therapy. Whether it can be prevented is not known. We conducted a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study of intermittent etidronate (400 mg per day for 14 days) followed by calcium (500 mg per day for 76 days), given for four cycles, in 141 men and women (age, 19 to 87 years) who had recently begun high-dose corticosteroid therapy. The primary outcome measure was the difference in the change in the bone density of the lumbar spine between the groups from base line to week 52. Secondary measures included changes in the bone density of the femoral neck, trochanter, and radius and the rate of new vertebral fractures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/-SE) bone density of the lumbar spine and trochanter in the etidronate group increased 0.61 +/- 0.54 and 1.46 +/- 0.67 percent, respectively, as compared with decreases of 3.23 +/- 0.60 and 2.74 +/- 0.66 percent, respectively, in the placebo group. The mean differences between the groups after one year were 3.72 +/- 0.88 percentage points for the lumbar spine (P = 0.02) and 4.14 +/- 0.94 percentage points for the trochanter (P = 0.02). The changes in the femoral neck and the radius were not significantly different between the groups. There was an 85 percent reduction in the proportion of postmenopausal woman with new vertebral fractures in the etidronate group as compared with the placebo group (1 of 31 patients vs. 7 of 32 patients, P = 0.05), and the etidronate-treated postmenopausal women also had significantly fewer vertebral fractures per patient (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent etidronate therapy prevents the loss of vertebral and trochanteric bone in corticosteroid-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Bensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodsman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kendler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lentle
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Olszynski
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ste-Marie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenenhouse
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D011241:Prednisone