title: Comprehensive clinical assessment in community setting: applicability of the MDS-HC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the results of an international trial of the home care version of the MDS assessment and problem identification system (the MDS-HC), including reliability estimates, a comparison of MDS-HC reliabilities with reliabilities of the same items in the MDS 2.0 nursing home assessment instrument, and an examination of the types of problems found in home care clients using the MDS-HC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent, dual assessment of clients of home-care agencies by trained clinicians using a draft of the MDS-HC, with additional descriptive data regarding problem profiles for home care clients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability data from dual assessments of 241 randomly selected clients of home care agencies in five countries, all of whom volunteered to test the MDS-HC. Also included are an expanded sample of 780 home care assessments from these countries and 187 dually assessed residents from 21 nursing homes in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The array of MDS-HC assessment items included measures in the following areas: personal items, cognitive patterns, communication/hearing, vision, mood and behavior, social functioning, informal support services, physical functioning, continence, disease diagnoses health conditions and preventive health measures, nutrition/hydration, dental status, skin condition, environmental assessment, service utilization, and medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven percent of the functional, health status, social environment, and service items in the MDS-HC were taken from the MDS 2.0 for nursing homes. For this item set, it is estimated that the average weighted Kappa is .74 for the MDS-HC and .75 for the MDS 2.0. Similarly, high reliability values were found for items newly introduced in the MDS-HC (weighted Kappa = .70). Descriptive findings also characterize the problems of home care clients, with subanalyses within cognitive performance levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that the core set of items in the MDS 2.0 work equally well in community and nursing home settings. New items are highly reliable. In tandem, these instruments can be used within the international community, assisting and planning care for older adults within a broad spectrum of service settings, including nursing homes and home care programs. With this community-based, second-generation problem and care plan-driven assessment instrument, disability assessment can be performed consistently across the world.
authors.affiliation: Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, HRCA Research and Training Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabei
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilgen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hirdes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topinková
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001519:Behavior; D003071:Cognition; D003142:Communication; D003933:Diagnosis; D004358:Drug Therapy; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006293:Health Promotion; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006309:Hearing; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009909:Oral Health; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States; D014554:Urination; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance