title: Zinc-bis-histidinate preserves cardiac function in a porcine model of cardioplegic arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the ability of zinc-bis-histidinate to preserve postarrest myocardial function when added to a standard crystalloid cardioplegic solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Domestic pigs (35 to 50 kg) on left-sided cardiopulmonary bypass were subjected to 90 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 60 minutes of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest induced by antegrade infusion of 20 mL/kg cold St. Thomas' #2 cardioplegic solution with or without 100 mumol/L of zinc-bis-histidinate and maintained by infusion of 10 mL/kg of the same every 20 minutes. During reperfusion function was assessed at 1 and 3 hours over increasing preloads using the right-sided bypass method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At roller pump flows up to 2,000 mL/min, stroke work index-end-diastolic pressure curves were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and shifted to the left in treated hearts. In a series of pigs, echocardiography was used to determine end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. At roller pump flows up to 3,500 mL/min, end-systolic pressure-end-systolic volume curves were significantly higher and shifted to the left in treated hearts. Left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and cardiac output were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treated hearts. Electron microscopy revealed that mitochondria in tissue not at risk appeared more swollen in control hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support the conclusion that zinc-bis-histidinate is effective as a myocardial preservative when added to a crystalloid cardioplegic solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finnerty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pottanat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kooker
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moyse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teichberg
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tortolani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006639:Histidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C088059:zinc bis(histidinate); D006639:Histidine; D015032:Zinc