title: Pathology of Penicillium marneffei. An emerging acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pathogen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize current knowledge regarding the opportunistic dimorphic fungal pathogen Penicillium marneffei. Clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, mycology, histopathology, diagnostic serology, in vitro antifungal agent susceptibility testing, and therapy are discussed for human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals primarily living in Southeast Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical evaluation of peer-reviewed publications located through an electronic literature database search, supplemented by unpublished observations, were used to prepare this report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were selected based on either the fungal name Penicillium marneffei, penicilliosis, penicilliosis marneffei, or a combination of these.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were reviewed with appropriate data being abstracted and then synthesized into the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differential diagnostic criteria for tissue diagnosis and laboratory identification of the fungus are detailed. The usefulness of mycoserology and antifungal therapy are evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penicillium marneffei is an emerging pathogen, primarily among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome residing in Southeast Asia. Although infection caused by P marneffei is endemic to this portion of the world, cases are being diagnosed and treated involving individuals who have traveled to this region. Penicilliosis marneffei can clinically resemble tuberculosis, molluscum contagiosum, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis. The successful treatment of P marneffei infection is dependent on its rapid and accurate diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McGinnis
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012698:Serologic Tests; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents