title: Oxygen tension in human tumours measured with polarographic needle electrodes and its relationship to vascular density, necrosis and hypoxia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of polarographic needle electrodes for measurement of oxygen tension (pO2) in tumours requires documentation of the validity of the method. In the present work the pO2 values measured polarographically with the Eppendorf pO2 histograph in human tumours were compared with the histological appearance of the tumour tissue, i.e. vascular density, fraction of necrosis and fraction of hypoxic tissue, to investigate whether the measurements reflected the expected pO2.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pO2 was measured in cervix tumours in patients and in human melanoma xenografted tumours in athymic mice. Vascular density was determined in the cervix tumours by histological analysis of biopsies from the pO2 measurement tracks. Fraction of necrosis and fraction of hypoxic tissue, i.e. tissue binding the hypoxia marker pimonidazole, were determined in the melanomas by analysis of histological sections from the tumour planes in which the pO2 measurements were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pO2 distributions showed large intratumour heterogeneity. In cervix tumours, tumour regions with vascular density (vascular length per unit tissue volume) in the range of 47-77 mm/mm3 showed higher pO2 than tumour regions with vascular density in the range of 20-47 mm/mm3, which in turn showed higher pO2 than tumour regions with vascular density in the range of 0-20 mm/mm3. In melanomas, tumour regions in which necrosis and hypoxia constituted more than 50% of the tissue showed lower pO2 than other tumour regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pO2 measured in the tumours was consistent with the histological appearance of the tissue in which the measurements were performed, suggesting that reliable pO2 distributions of tumours can be obtained with polarographic needle electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyng
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundfør
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Rofstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D011048:Polarography; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen