title: Presence of herpes simplex DNA in surgical tissue from human epileptic seizure foci detected by polymerase chain reaction: preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether herpes simplex virus causes monofocal epilepsy and to assess the presence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in surgical specimens from patients with epilepsy by using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Herpes simplex virus is a common neurotropic virus capable of latency within the central nervous system; it has a predilection for the temporal lobe. Central nervous system infection with HSV has been associated with seizure activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical specimens were removed from 50 patients as part of a treatment protocol for monofocal epilepsy. Neuropathological classification was done, and adjacent sections were screened for HSV by using polymerase chain reaction. Tissues obtained post mortem from the temporal lobe cortex of persons with Alzheimer disease (n=17), Parkinson disease (n=14), or nonneurological disease (n=17) served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty (40%) of the 50 epilepsy cases and 2 (4%) of the 48 control cases had at least one sample that tested positive for HSV (P<.001). Sixty-seven percent (8/12) of the epilepsy cases with heterotopia were positive for HSV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of HSV-positive surgical specimens from monofocal seizure epicenters compared with nonepilepsy control specimens. These data suggest an association of the virus with seizure activity. All specimens positive for HSV (surgical specimens and control specimens) should be examined to determine the activity or latency state of the virus and cellular localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Felisan
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: De Salles
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Tourtellotte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction