title: Chlorine dioxide: a new agent for dialysis monitor disinfection in a pediatric center.
abstract: In order to evaluate the bacterial and endotoxin contamination in the dialysis fluids of our pediatric center and the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (CD) compared with a conventional method, (1) deionized water, (2) dialysate fluid, (3) basic concentrate, and (4) acid concentrate were tested in 4 dialysis machines. Monitor sterilization was made using CD in protocol A and sodium hypochlorite/acetic acid in protocol B. Once every 2 weeks the deionized water set of distribution was routinely disinfected with peracetic acid. Each protocol lasted 1 months and the samples were taken, under aseptic conditions, on the 15th, 22nd and 27th day. All samples, at all stages of the study, showed an endotoxin concentration below the limits recommended by the Canadian Standard Association. Fifty-nine out of 72 samples in A and 62 out of 72 samples in B showed a bacterial count within the range recommended by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. The data show that both protocols produced the same results. However, protocol A is to be preferred for its simultaneous disinfecting-cleaning and descaling activity which proves time-saving.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Children's Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Palo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellantuono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Caringella
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002021:Buffers; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D004731:Endotoxins; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate