High frequency oscillatory ventilation in children and infants.
During high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), frequencies of 5-15 Hz are used and there are both active inspiratory and expiratory phases. Regardless of the type of oscillator, general principles of use can be applied, but differences exist between the machines regarding their waveform and mechanical efficiency. A high volume strategy improves oxygenation in children and infants with diffuse alveolar disease. In such patients, an early response indicates a favourable outcome; therefore, if there is no significant improvement in oxygenation after 6 h, additional or alternative respiratory support strategies should be considered. HFOV can successfully support children with severe lung disease, in whom its use reduces chronic oxygen dependency. In near term and term infants, HFOV lessens the requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and in immature babies, when used appropriately, it reduces the incidence of chronic lung disease.
Greenough
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Dept of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000628:therapy*