title: Histological assessment of rodent CNS tissues to EPR oximetry probe material.
abstract: The effects of the paramagnetic oxygen sensing material, lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) and fusinite were assessed in the brain of Mongolian gerbils and the spinal columns of rats respectively, to determine if there are histologically discernible changes in the tissue surrounding the probe material. This information is essential for the evaluation of the role of EPR oximetry in the measurements of pO2 in the CNS; the technique has great potential value for such measurements because it reports on the pO2 accurately and sensitively and, after the initial placement, measurements can be made repeatedly without invasive procedures or anesthesia. Histologic assessments demonstrated the inert nature of both the fusinite and LiPc EPR probes in rodent CNS tissue over relatively long (2 month) time periods. The fusinite suspensions and LiPc crystals (size range of approximately 100-200 microns) remained well localized to the point of injection and created mild acute tissue reaction on implantation (which appeared to resolve quickly) and virtually no tissue reaction at later times. The majority of the implanted fusinite and LiPc material was present extracellularly in the brain and spinal cord. MRI provided an accurate, noninvasive assessment of probe placement and was able to investigate pathologic effects (hemorrhage, edema, necrosis) associated with the probe placement and treatment effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hoopes
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bacic
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Rolett
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002244:Carbon / Q000633:toxicity; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D007211:Indoles / Q000633:toxicity; D008094:Lithium / Q000633:toxicity; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000633:toxicity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010092:Oximetry / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D013113:Spin Labels; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013113:Spin Labels; C091644:fusinite; C081756:lithium phthalocyanine; D002244:Carbon; D008094:Lithium