title: Lipoprotein (a) and its relationship to risk factors and severity of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the significance of Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic lower limb peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and its relationship to other demographic and biochemical variables and disease pattern and severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and biochemical risk factors, lipoprotein fractions and Lp(a) were measured in 200 patients with PVD and 200 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Lp(a) levels were correlated with traditional risk factors and clinical and vascular laboratory disease parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with PVD have a higher incidence of smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus; and had significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, apolipoprotein B, fasting glucose, fibrinogen, plasminogen, haematocrit, white cell and platelet counts; but lower levels of HDL and apolipoprotein A1. Fasting Lp (a) concentration is an independent risk factor for PVD and is significantly higher in the patients (median = 26.1 mg/dl [4.8-195], mean = 36.5 +/- 32.6 mg/dl) than in controls (median = 18.2 mg/dl [5.4-216], mean = 27.2 +/- 28.1 mg/dl; p < 0.0001). In patients with PVD, Lp(a) correlated positively with plasma LDL, cholesterol, fibrinogen, renal disease, and apolipoprotein B. Fasting levels of > 24 mg/dl incurred a two-fold increase in risk of PVD. Patients with a higher Lp(a) have a significantly higher incidence of resting pain and ulcerations, and regression analysis confirmed smoking and Lp(a) level to be associated with the SVS category of disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipoprotein (a) is a significant independent risk factor for PVD. Lp(a) levels correlated with LDL, cholesterol, fibrinogen, apolipoprotein B and disease severity. An elevated Lp(a) level may be associated with more severe forms of PVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. wkcheng@hku.hk
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D017270:Lipoprotein(a)