title: [Carcinoma-associated retinopathy in breast carcinoma and carcinoid tumor].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoma-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by diffuse retinal photoreceptor degeneration in the presence of an epithelial tumor. We report on three patients, who developed paraneoplastic retinopathy in the presence of breast carcinoma and a cervical carcinoid tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to biomicroscopic, psychophysical, electrophysiological and angiographic examinations, serum samples were obtained for immunohistochemical staining of human retina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ring-shaped visual field defects with statokinetic dissociation and abnormal rod and cone responses were found. Immunohistochemical findings included reactions at the level of the inner segments of the photoreceptors, the outer nuclear layer and the outer plexiform layer in absence of anti-recoverin antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAR should be considered in the differential diagnosis of visual loss in presence of tumors other than small-cell carcinoma of the lung. The presence of antiretinal antibodies is compatible with a tumor-induced immune response to epitopes shared by both the tumor and retinal tissue. Apparently, various retinal proteins may function as autoantigens.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Heidelberg.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Holz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nölle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huober
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krastel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alexandridis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012160:Retina / Q000276:immunology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies