title: Blood flow velocity measurements for carotid stenosis estimation: interobserver variation and interequipment variability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the wide range of recommended threshold values for carotid stenosis graduation we performed a prospective study to determine interobserver and interequipment variability of quantitative blood flow velocity measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded absolute blood flow velocities and velocity ratios in 21 patients with carotid artery stenosis using two colour coded duplex ultrasound systems an ATL Ultramark 9 HDI, and a Hewlett Packard SONOS 2500 system. The ATL system was used for the interobserver variation study, where each patient was examined twice on the same day. The Doppler angle was recorded together with blood flow velocities (peak systolic velocity and mean maximum velocity from the velocity-time-integral both in the stenosis jet and 4-5 cm distally in the cranial portion of the internal carotid artery off poststenotic turbulences).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ATL system generated significantly higher blood flow velocity values as compared with the HP system (218 +/- 156 cm/s vs. 169 +/- 114 cm/s; p < 0.001). The Mean Velocity Ratio (the ratio of intrastenotic Vmean and poststenotic Vmean) was constant with both duplex systems. The HP system yielded 10% (Cl, 7-13%) lower predicted stenosis estimates than the ATL system with Vmax as the stenosis criterion. The stenosis estimates calculated from Mean Velocity Ratio values did not differ significantly. The 95% Cl for predicted diameter reduction between two observer was 13.6% (Vmax) and 15.4% (Mean Velocity Ratio).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of significant interequipment differences of colour coded duplex ultrasound systems we recommend calculation of the Mean Velocity Ratio to avoid interpatient and interequipment variation of absolute flow velocities. According to our interobserver variability study, a change of more than 15% diameter reduction on follow-up examinations indicates disease progression or regression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ranke
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Trappe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000295:instrumentation*