title: Ross procedure with aortic root tailoring for aortic valve replacement in the pediatric population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic valve replacement with a pulmonary autograft (Ross procedure) is being applied more commonly in children. Although indications for this procedure have been expanded, the presence of a dilated aortic annulus has remained a relative contraindication. In this condition, the use of an undersized autograft in an enlarged aortic annulus may result in significant aortic regurgitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 68 children and young adults undergoing the Ross procedure, 15 (age range, 8 to 24 years) with severe aortic regurgitation or stenosis and an aortic annulus diameter that was at least 2 mm larger than the pulmonary annulus had aortic root tailoring. In this group, the diameter of the aortic annulus measured 26.6 +/- 1.3 mm (mean +/- standard error of the mean), whereas that of the pulmonary annulus was 22 +/- 0.9 mm. The mean annular difference was 4.6 +/- 0.7 mm (range, 2 to 12 mm). The aortic annulus was reduced by excising a triangular wedge of tissue posteriorly from the aortic valve annulus at the level of the commissure between the left and noncoronary cusps extending into the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The edges were reapproximated over a calibrated dilator to adjust the final size of the aortic annulus to 2 mm smaller than that of the pulmonary autograft. Circumferential felt strips were not used in any patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients survived and morbidity was limited to one reoperation for bleeding. Doppler echocardiographic examination performed at discharge demonstrated that no patient had more than trace to 1+ aortic regurgitation and none had evidence of aortic stenosis. Over a mean follow-up period of 6.3 +/- 1.5 months (range, 1 to 16 months) there has been no late morbidity or mortality and no progression of aortic regurgitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic root tailoring further extends the use of the Ross procedure to patients with excessive aortic annular dilation while maintaining the potential for growth, which is particularly important in the pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: desJardins
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bove
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous