title: Effects of nicotinamide on prevention and treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of nicotinamide (NAA) on prevention and treatment of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided inot three groups: 20 rats were given NAA 1 g/kg/day intramuscularly (10 rats) or orally (10 rats) as experimental groups and the other 10 rats by normal saline orally as control group. Three days later, all 30 rats received streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg by intraperitioneal injection and took NAA or normal saline continuously as described above for 14 days. During the study, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured before and 72 hours after STZ injection and every 2-3 days later on with Glucometer, 24 hours urinary glucose excretion (UGE) was determined once every 4 days with glucose oxidase, body weight was determined every week, the volume of 24-hour water intake and urine excretion were determined twice and once a week respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks after STZ injection, FBG and 24 hours UGE of all rats taking NAA were normal or nearly normal, islet function and morphology revealed no significant differences compared with those of the normal, whereas all rats of control group remained hyperglycemic (> 16.6 mmol/L) and markedly higher 24 hours UGE as compared with the normal islets appeared atrophic with decrement of B cell population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that NAA may effectively prevent the occurrence of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats, suggesting that NAA may be an effective agent for prevention and treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in prediabetic and early stage of IDDM.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai First People's Hospital.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009536:Niacinamide