title: Late lower arch crowding in relation to soft tissue maturation.
abstract: Changes in lower arch space condition and incisor inclinations were measured in relation to changes in the cross-sectional area and separation of the lips in habitual posture in 23 boys and 23 girls between the ages of 12.5 and 15.5 years. Correlation analysis revealed no direct relationship between the increase in lower arch crowding and the changes in lip size and position. In girls, the increase in lower arch crowding was associated to some extent with retroclination of the upper incisors and an increase in the interincisal angle. A very tenuous relationship was found between changes in the upper lip size and position and changes in incisor angulation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Orthodontics, Royal Hospitals, School of Dentistry, Belfast, N. Ireland.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D008046:Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D003765:Models, Dental; D011859:Radiography; D012727:Sex Characteristics