title: Inhaled nitric oxide in newborn and paediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension and moderate to severe impaired oxygenation: effects of doses of 3-100 parts per million.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (INO) 3-100 ppm on oxygenation in both newborn and paediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension and impaired gas exchange.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, prospective, multicentre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary neonatal and paediatric intensive care units in university referral centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn (age < or = 7 days; n = 26) and paediatric (age 8 days-7 years; n = 16) patients with pulmonary hypertension verified by echocardiography and an oxygenation index of (OI) 15-40 were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were subjected to stepwise increases in doses of INO (0, 3, 10, 30, 60, 100 ppm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect on oxygenation was measured by repeated blood gas analysis. A positive response to INO was defined as a reduction in OI of > or = 25% compared to baseline (0 ppm). INO was found to improve oxygenation in both newborn (p < 0.0001) and paediatric (p = 0.015) patients and the response rate was 77 and 50%, respectively. A marked interindividual difference in the magnitude of the response was found between patients (change in OI compared to baseline: -90 to 15%). Only 2 of 28 responding patients required doses in excess of 30 ppm in order to show a positive response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  INO is capable of improving oxygenation in both newborn and paediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension and impaired gas exchange, although the magnitude of the individual response can vary greatly. Doses in excess of 30 ppm are only rarely required in order to achieve a reduction in the oxygenation index of > or = 25%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, KS/St. Görans Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide