title: Liposome-mediated therapy of intracranial brain tumors in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malignant brain tumors represent a serious therapeutic challenge, and survival often is low. We investigated the delivery of doxorubicin (DXR) to rat brain tumors in situ via liposomes, to test the hypothesis that intact liposomes undergo deposition in intracranial tumor through a compromised blood-tumor vasculature. Both therapeutic effect and intra-tumor drug carrier distribution were evaluated to identify variables in carrier-mediated delivery having impact on therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat 9L gliosarcoma tumor was implanted orthotopically in Fischer 344 rats in the caudate-putamen region. The tumor-bearing rats were treated with DXR, either free or encapsulated in long-circulating, sterically-stabilized liposomes. Anti-tumor efficacy was assessed by survival time. In parallel, liposomes labeled with a fluorescent phospholipid analog were injected into tumor-bearing rats. At predetermined intervals, the brains were perfused with fixative, sectioned, and imaged with laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) to investigate the integrity of the tumor vascular bed and the intratumor deposition of liposomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free DXR given in 3 weekly iv injections was ineffective in increasing the life span of tumor-bearing rats at cumulative doses < or = 17 mg/kg, and at the highest dose (17 mg/kg) decreased survival slightly, compared to saline-treated controls. In contrast, DXR encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes mediated significant increases in life span at 17 mg/kg. Rats showed a 29% percent increase in median survival, respectively, compared to saline-control animals. The delay of treatment after tumor implantation was a major determinant of therapeutic effect. Fluorescent liposomes were deposited preferentially in tumor rather than normal brain, and were distributed non-uniformly, in close proximity to tumor blood vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liposomes can be used to enhance delivery of drugs to brain tumors and increase therapeutic effect. The therapeutic effect may arise from release of drug from liposomes extravasated in discrete regions of the tumor vasculature and the extravascular space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceuties, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst 14260-1200, USA.
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Straubinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005453:Fluorescence; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D004317:Doxorubicin