title: [Cinematographic functional diagnosis of swallowing after plastic reconstruction of large tumor defects of the mouth cavity and pharynx].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reestablishing good swallowing function after resection and reconstruction of head and neck tumors is very important for our patients' well-being. Today many different surgical concepts for reconstruction after tumor surgery are in common use. It is necessary to establish a good diagnostic procedure for postoperative assessment of the swallowing function. High-speed cineradiography at a minimum of 50 frames per second is well established for evaluating swallowing problems in head and neck patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients divided into three groups were examined using high speed cineradiography after surgical treatment of pharyngeal and oral cavity cancer. Group 1 (n = 12) included patients with a subtotal or total tongue resection and reconstruction with infrahyoid myofascial flap and jejunal flap; Group II (n = 8), patients with total resection of the oropharynx soft palate and velum and reconstruction with a free radial forearm flap; Group III (n = 15), patients with total laryngopharyngektomy and reconstruction with jejunal flap and siphon and with or without repair of the digastric muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group I: All patients with tongue reconstruction were able to swallow normally from the oral cavity into the pharynx. All patients had normal bolus propulsion because of a good tongue volume and tongue motility. There was only one case of aspiration after total glossectomy with the larynx left in place. All patients could swallow with the head and neck in a normal position. Group II: All patients with reconstruction of the soft palate and velum were able to initiate proper bolus propulsion without nasal regurgitation or rhinolalia aperta. Only one patients suffered from chronic aspiration after hemiresection of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. Group III: All patients with pharynx reconstruction had no problems with bolus transfer through the reconstructed pharynx. Aspiration into the reconstructed pharynx was a major problem for those patients without repair of the digastric muscle (5/8 = 63%). Better results were observed in the patients who underwent repair of the digastric muscle. There was only one case (13%) of aspiration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using high-speed cineradiography it is possible to make a detailed description of the swallowing function after extensive surgical treatment of pharyngeal and oral cavity cancer. We think that high-speed cineradiography is a very sensitive diagnostic procedure capable of detecting all functional aspects of swallowing. High-speed cineradiography should be one of the standard diagnostic studies performed surgery of the oral cavity and pharynx.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hals-, Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde der Medizinischen Universität zu Lübeck.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krappen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Remmert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gehrking
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwaan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002933:Cineradiography; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005927:Glossectomy; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome