Donor insemination: Dutch parents' opinions about confidentiality and donor anonymity and the emotional adjustment of their children.
Results from a comparative study investigating 38 donor insemination (DI) Dutch families with 4-8 year old children are presented. The aims of this study were to investigate parents' opinions on the issues of confidentiality and donor anonymity, to assess the emotional development of the children, and to examine in DI families the association between secrecy with regard to the use of a donor and the emotional adjustment of the children. The DI families were compared to families with a child conceived by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to families with a naturally conceived child. Secrecy appeared to be associated with DI and not with IVF: 74% of the DI parents intended not to inform the child about the way in which she/he was conceived, whereas none of the IVF parents intended to keep the secret. Only one set of DI parents and two sets of IVF parents had actually told the child. As to donor anonymity, a spread of opinions appeared among DI parents; 57% preferred an anonymous donor, 31% would have liked non-identifying information about the donor, 9% preferred the donor's identity to be registered and 3% remained unsure. Parents' major concern was to know more about the medical/genetic background of the donor. Mothers and fathers in the DI families differed in their opinions concerning the issues of confidentiality and donor anonymity: fathers, more often than mothers, were secretive with regard to the use of a donor and husbands, more often than their wives, were in favour of donor anonymity. With regard to the emotional development of the children, more emotional/behavioural problems were revealed among DI children than among children who were naturally conceived. No association was found between secrecy and the emotional/behavioural adjustment of the children.
Brewaeys
A
A
Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
Golombok
S
S
Naaktgeboren
N
N
de Bruyn
J K
JK
van Hall
E V
EV
D000342:Affective Symptoms; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003219:Confidentiality; D004522:Educational Status; D004644:Emotions; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009426:Netherlands; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014019:Tissue Donors