title: In vitro percutaneous penetration of methyl-parathion from a commercial formulation through the human skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare in vitro percutaneous absorption of methyl-parathion dissolved in an acetone vehicle and in the form of a commercial formulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Penetration through the human skin was measured in Franz diffusion cells with full thickness skin from a human cadaver as the membrane. The two tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the cumulative diffusion of methyl-parathion in the receptor fluid of the cells at various time intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro skin penetration of methyl-parathion was significantly higher with the commercial formulation. The percentage of the applied dose absorbed after 24 hours was 5.20% v 1.35%. The mean lag time was < 8 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessments of uptake and internal dose after exposure to pesticides should be based on the commercial products rather than active ingredients, because of the crucial role of the vehicle, as shown in this study.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aprea
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bussani
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sciarra
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D006801:Humans; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D008743:Methyl Parathion