title: Effect of probucol on mRNA expression of glomerular antioxidant enzymes in rat with subtotal nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate 1) the glomerular mRNA expression and protein activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the glomerular content of lipid peroxide-malondiadehyde (MDA), 2) the effects of probucol (P), a potent antioxidant agent on these AOEs and MDA levels, in the chronic phase of subtotal nephrectomized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adult male Spregue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups at the first week after subtotal renal ablation. Group 1 was sham rats (sham n = 8), group 2 underwent 5/6 nephrectomy without special therapy (5/6 Nx n = 8), and group 3 with 5/6 nephrectomy received probucol (5/6 Nxs+P n = 8) at a dose of 1% in the rat chow. At the 12th week after P was administrated, all of the rats were sacrificed to remove left kidney for the determination of glomerular level of MDA, activity of SOD, and GSH-Px, glomerular mRNA expression of AOEs by Northern blot analysis as well as a histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5/6 Nx, serum cholesterol, proteinuria increased and creatinine clearance decreased progressively with age as compared with that in sham. Those abnormalities as well as glomerulosclerosis index (GI) ameliorated with the administration of probucol at the 12th week after subtotal nephrectomy [GI: sham 3.12 +/- 1.20, P < 0.01 vs 5/6 Nx 5/6 Nx 188.6 +/- 25.1; 5/6 Nx +/- P, 106.9 +/- 17.6, P < 0.05 vs 5/6 Nx]. The probucol therapy also significantly improved the decrease of glomerular Mn-SOD and GSH-Px both at mRNA level and protein activity and the increase of glomerular MDA content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated a deficiency of glomerular AOEs in the chronic phase of remnant kidney, which may contribute to the progression of renal injury. The protective effects of probucol on both renal functional impairment and the development of glomerulosclerosis may be partially associated with improving surviving glomerular AOEs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011341:Probucol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D011341:Probucol