title: Heteroaryl analogues of AMPA. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
abstract: A number of 3-isoxazolol bioisosteres, 7a-i, of (S)-glutamic acid (Glu), in which the methyl group of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA, 1) was replaced by different 5-membered heterocyclic rings, were synthesized. Comparative in vitro pharmacological studies on this series of AMPA analogues were performed using receptor binding assays (IC50 values) and the electrophysiological rat cortical slice model (EC50 values). None of these compounds showed detectable affinity for the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid subtype of Glu receptors. Some of the compounds were weak inhibitors of [3H]kainic acid binding. The inhibitory effects on [3H]AMPA binding and agonist potencies at AMPA receptors of 7a-i were strictly dependent on the structure, electrostatic potential, and methyl substitution of the heterocyclic 5-substituent. Thus, while 7a (IC50 = 0.094 microM; EC50 = 2.3 microM) was approximately equipotent with AMPA (IC50 = 0.023 microM; EC50 = 5.4 microM), (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)isoxazol-4-yl]propio nic acid (7b) (IC50 = 48 microM; EC50 = 550 microM) was some 2 orders of magnitude weaker than AMPA, and (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-4 -yl] propionic acid (7c) (IC50 > 100 microM; EC50 > 1000 microM) was inactive. Furthermore, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol -4-yl] propionic acid (7i) (IC50 = 0.030 microM; EC50 = 0.92 microM) was more potent than AMPA, whereas its N-1 methyl isomer, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol -4-yl] propionic acid (7h) (IC50 = 54 microM; EC50 > 1000 microM) was inactive as an AMPA agonist. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed a positive correlation between receptor affinity, electrostatic potential near the nitrogen atom at the "ortho" position of the heterocyclic 5-substituent, and the rotational energy barrier around the bond connecting the two rings. We envisage that a hydrogen bond between the protonated amino group and an ortho-positioned heteroatom of the ring substituent at the 5-position stabilize receptor-active conformations of these AMPA analogues.
authors.affiliation: Research Departments, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bang-Andersen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skjaerbaek
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Søby
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bøgesø
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krogsgaard-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011199:Potentiometry; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007555:Isoxazoles; D007608:Kainic Acid; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid