title: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) augments cytokine induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation and by bacterial infections in mice.
abstract: We studied the effects of M-CSF on cytokine induction in vivo by LPS or by bacterial infection by comparing between the serum cytokine levels of mice administered with and without M-CSF. M-CSF at 250 micrograms/kg/day for 3 days significantly augmented serum IL-6 level induced by a subsequent injection of 25 micrograms/kg of LPS. The augmented IL-6-induction was dose-dependent from 50 to 1250 micrograms/kg/day of M-CSF, and required 2- to 3-doses of M-CSF at 250 micrograms/kg/day. Mice primed with M-CSF induced IL-6 in response to a 5-fold lower dose of LPS, and also produced higher levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma than control mice. The priming effect of M-CSF was transient and reversible, and elicited independently of T-cells. An injection with intact bacteria, such as Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also induced IL-6 in normal mice, and M-CSF administration augmented the induction of these cytokines. These results showed that M-CSF positively regulates LPS-dependent and -independent cytokine induction, suggesting a defensive effect against infectious agents through enhanced cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Laboratory, Green Cross Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanamura
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008819:Mice, Nude; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor