title: Nitric oxide attenuates platelet-activating factor priming for elastase release in human neutrophils via a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) has proven benefits in treating adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The protective mechanism remains unclear, but cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent signal transduction pathways have been suggested. Our laboratory has implicated polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming and subsequent activation in the pathogenesis of postinjury ARDS and has shown that NO inhibits superoxide anion production from activated PMNs. More recently, the pivotal role of elastase in PMN-mediated tissue injury has been emphasized. Consequently, our study hypothesis was that NO attenuates platelet-activating factor (PAF) priming for elastase release through a cGMP-dependent pathway in human PMNs.
  
  
  METHODS
  PMNs isolated from human volunteers were preincubated with the NO donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1; 10(-6) to 10(-2) mol/L), cGMP (10(-3) mol/L), or the cell-permeable cGMP analog dibutyryl-cGMP (10(-3) mol/L) for 10 minutes. The cells were then primed with platelet-activating factor (PAF) 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (200 nmol/L), which was followed by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) activation (1 mumol/L). Elastase release was measured by the cleavage of N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val p-nitroanilide (AAPV-pNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  NO (through SIN-1) significantly attenuated elastase release from PAF-primed PMNs in a dose-dependent manner. Cell-permeable dibutyryl-cGMP attenuated PMN elastase release similar to NO, but cGMP (not cell-permeable) had no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NO attenuates elastase release from PAF-primed PMNs through an intracellular cGMP-dependent signal transduction pathway. These findings may partially explain the beneficial effects of NO in the treatment of postinjury ARDS and add to our knowledge of the complex intracellular pathways involved in NO/PMN interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, CO 80204, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Partrick
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barkin
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; C002385:linsidomine; D008981:Molsidomine; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D006152:Cyclic GMP