title: Novel inhibitors of cytokine-induced IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression show anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.
abstract: We have identified two compounds that inhibit the expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin. These compounds act by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha, resulting in decreased nuclear factor-kappaB and decreased expression of adhesion molecules. The effects on both IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and surface expression of E-selectin were irreversible and occurred at an IC50 of approximately 10 microM. These agents selectively and irreversibly inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha without affecting the constitutive IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation. Although these compounds exhibited other activities, including stimulation of the stress-activated protein kinases, p38 and JNK-1, and activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of a 130-140-kDa protein, these effects are probably distinct from the effects on adhesion molecule expression since they were reversible. One compound was evaluated in vivo and shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory drug in two animal models of inflammation. The compound reduced edema formation in a dose-dependent manner in the rat carrageenan paw edema assay and reduced paw swelling in a rat adjuvant arthritis model. These studies suggest that inhibitors of cytokine-inducible IkappaBalpha phosphorylation exert anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoenleber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jesmok
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000276:immunology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008297:Male; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019040:E-Selectin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497593:RELB protein, human; C497595:Relb protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases