title: Indomethacin influences regulatory peptides and increases DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of long-term administration of indomethacin on regulatory peptides and DNA synthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1 mg/kg indomethacin subcutaneously or indomethacin and 500 micrograms/kg oral prostaglandin E2 or solvents for 2 months before labelling with methyl-3H-thymidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The labelling index, growth fraction and the number of epithelial cells were determined on autoradiographs of the stomach small intestine and colon. Plasma and gastrointestinal tissue concentrations of regulatory peptides were analysed by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indomethacin increased the concentration of somatostatin in the gastric fundus and ileum and reduced it in the colon. Prostaglandin E2 reduced the somatostatin concentration in the duodenum and colon. Indomethacin increased the concentration of neurotensin neurokinin A and glucagon in the distal small intestine and reduced the glucagon level in the colon. Prostaglandin E2 prevented such changes. Indomethacin increased DNA synthesis in the small intestine and produced hypoplasia of the villi. These changes were prevented by prostaglandin E2, except for the villous hypoplasia observed in the distal small intestine. Prostaglandin E2 reduced the labelling index in the antrum and colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endogenous prostaglandins selectively modulate the synthesis and/or release of regulatory peptides and regulate the outflow of cells from the epithelial surface. Indomethacin induces hypoplasia, which triggers a secondary trophic reaction in the epithelium that may, at least partially, be mediated by regulatory peptides.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapraali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Söderman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Theodorsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004064:Digestive System / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005755:Gastrins / Q000032:analysis; D005934:Glucagon / Q000032:analysis; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000032:analysis; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D013373:Substance P; D009496:Neurotensin; D013004:Somatostatin; D015288:Neurokinin A; D004247:DNA; D005934:Glucagon; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin