title: Gracilis urethromyoplasty--an autologous urinary sphincter for neurologically impaired patients with stress incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a neurovascularly intact gracilis muscle urethral wrap, to be used to restore urinary continence as a transposed urinary sphincter graft, in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five neurologically impaired men with a denervated and damaged urinary sphincter mechanisms were treated. The etiology of sphincteric insufficiency included sphincter denervation in three patients, external sphincterotomy in one, and urethral trauma due to a chronic indwelling catheter in one. All patients underwent gracilis urethromyoplasty sphincter reconstruction. Two patients also underwent concomitant ileocystoplasty and one patient ileocystostomy because of poor bladder compliance and a bladder capacity of < 200 ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gracilis urethromyoplasty functioned as a new autologous sphincter with follow-ups ranging from 6-35 months. The surgery was successful in four patients. Three of the four patients were managed with intermittent catheterization, and one managed by ileocystostomy. The fifth patient continued to require an indwelling urethral catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gracilis urethromyoplasty achieves compression of the urethra using a neurovascularly intact muscle graft. The functional urethral closure, obtained from the gracilis muscle wrap, assures dryness, and permits intermittent self-catheterization. It also avoids the risks of infection, erosion, or malfunction associated with the artificial urinary sphincter. The potential exists for electrical stimulation of this muscle graft to allow volitional control of the neo-sphincter mechanism, and voluntary voiding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crewalk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology