title: Familial components of the multiple metabolic syndrome: the ARIC study.
abstract: The association of a parental history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the multiple metabolic syndrome (MMS) was studied in a population survey of middle-aged adults. The eligible population was drawn from the baseline examination of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, a population-based, bi-ethnic, multi-centre cohort study. The MMS was defined as a multivariate, categorical phenotype of co-occurring diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. MMS cases (n = 356) were compared to disorder-free control subjects (n = 6797) with respect to their parental history of diabetes and hypertension. MMS cases were more likely to report a history of diabetes in both parents (odds ratio [OR] 4.7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5-14.7) or a history of hypertension in both parents (OR 1.9, 95 % CI 1.1-3.0) than control subjects, adjusting for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, age, gender, and ethnicity/centre. A parental history of diabetes and hypertension in both parents was associated with the greatest increase in odds of MMS (OR 8.3, 95 % CI 3.0-22.8). A dose-response relationship between the number of parental disorders (one; two; three to four) and the odds of MMS was observed (OR 1.2, 95 % CI 0.9-1.7; OR 2.0, 95 % CI 1.4-2.8; OR 4.0, 95 % CI 2.5-6.2). Based on the marked associations observed between a parental history of MMS components and the clustering of these metabolic disorders in the offspring generation, we conclude that genetic and/or non-genetic familial influences play a role in the development of the multiple metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tyroler
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Brancati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heiss
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013577:Syndrome