title: Systemic lupus erythematosus: initial manifestations and clinical features after 10 years of disease.
abstract: We studied the initial manifestations and late features in our lupus patients. The clinical data of patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were entered prospectively for newly diagnosed patients and cumulatively for those with at least 10 years of disease duration. Ninety-seven Group A (newly diagnosed; 86 females and 11 males; mean age 31 years; 83 Chinese, 11 Malays, and 3 Indians) and 58 Group B (more than 10 years disease duration; 56 females and 2 males; mean age 41 years; 50 Chinese, 5 Malays, and 3 Indians) lupus patients were studied. The commonest clinical features in Group A were: haematological (73%), arthritis (57%), malar rash (43%), renal disorder (31%) and photosensitivity (30%). Group B patients had haematological (78%), malar rash (73%), arthritis (69%), renal disorder (59%) and photosensitivity (33%). Renal disorder was significantly increased over the years (P < 0.001). Hypertension was present in 18% (Group A) and 59% (Group B) (P < 0.00001), diabetes mellitus in 5% (Group A) and 10% (Group B) (P = ns), atherosclerosis in 2% (Group A) and 7% (Group B) (P = ns). Cataract formation was not present in Group A patients but was present in 10% of Group B patients. Renal disorders and morbidity factors like hypertension and cataracts increased significantly over the years. Optimum treatment of lupus patients should therefore include close attention to these factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thumboo
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chng
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002386:Cataract / Q000139:chemically induced; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones