title: Effect of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections in the United States in 1993.
abstract: To measure the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections (OIs) in 1993, national multiple-cause death certificate data were examined using two approaches. First, for each OI, the percentage of deaths with HIV infection reported as the underlying cause was calculated. Second, the age-adjusted rate of death per million population was compared with the rate predicted from a model of rates in 1970-1980 or 1979-1981, as available. The percentage of deaths with HIV as the underlying cause and the ratio of observed to predicted death rates were as follows: toxoplasmosis, 91% and 86 (5.24/0.06); cryptosporidiosis/isosporiasis, 90% and infinite (1.61/0.00); progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 87% and 19 (2.58/0.13); pneumocystosis, 82% and 18 (15.44/0.87); cytomegalovirus disease, 82% and 17 (12.60/0.74); nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, 79% and 18 (15.51/0.84); cryptococcosis, 76% and 4 (5.80/1.35); and histoplasmosis, 68% and 6 (1.36/0.23). Thus, the HIV epidemic has greatly increased mortality from several OIs.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Selik
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Karon
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology