title: Nitric oxide in the brain increases during a short period of hemorrhagic shock in the rabbit.
abstract: We investigated the changes in nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the brain of the rabbit by measuring NO-related electrical current. Seventeen Japanese white rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and mechanically ventilated with tracheotomy tubes. An NO-selective electrode was used for the detection of NO. After a round craniotomy in the left parietal lobe, an NO-sensitive electrode was placed in the brain. Rabbits were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure of 35 +/- 7 mmHg, from a baseline of 112 +/- 12 mmHg (mean +/- SD). The shock was maintained for 5 min. The mean extracted blood volume was 77 +/- 17 mL. Then, retransfusion of shed blood caused a rapid restoration of mean arterial blood pressure. The amount of time required to induce hemorrhagic shock was 261 +/- 34 s. The time required to retransfuse the extracted blood was 233 +/- 43 s (p > .05). During shock, the NO-selective electrode produced an extensive increase in current, from 110 +/- 94.5 pA to 1010 +/- 543 pA (mean +/- SD, p < .001). The current continued to increase for a few minutes after the recovery from shock, with a maximal increase reaching 1245 +/- 515 pA (p < .001). This enhanced release of NO-related current (1,132%) recovered to the baseline level at 44 +/- 7 min after retransfusion. When the same investigation was performed on the same animals on which had been placed the same electrode pretreated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) 30 mg/kg intravenously, NO-related current increased from 101 +/- 158 to a maximum of 860 +/- 406 pA (752%). Our results suggest that NO may play an important role in the brain during the early period of hemorrhagic shock, and that L-NAME 30 mg/kg intravenously might not inhibit the NO production in the parietal lobe, probably due to a blood-brain barrier to the nitric oxide synthase-inhibiting drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide