[Rehabilitation for musculoskeltal disorders in geriatric patients].
Aging is typically accompanied by gradual but progressive physiological changes and an increased prevalence of acute and chronic illness in any organs. Musculoskeltal system is one of the most involved organs in geriatric patients. Appropriate roles in geriatric rehabilitation for musculoskeltal disorders should be emphasized not only to treat the disorders, but also to prevent many complications cause by specific disease or injury. Representative management methods in geriatric rehabilitation are introduced in this section. Rest is often effective, especially in the acute phase of illness or injury. However, cautions should be paid in disuse syndrome which may be produced by prolonged bed rest. Major manifestations in this syndrome includes muscle weakness and atrophy, joint contracture, decubitus, osteoporosis, ectopic ossification, cardiovascular impairment, pneumonia, urological and mental problems. Physical agents such as heat, cold, light and pressure have been used as therapeutic agents. Electrical stimulation is often effective in the treatment of low-back pain syndrome. Traction is the act of drawing, or a pulling force. Its mechanism to relieve pain seems to immobilize the injured parts, to increase peripheral circulation by massage effect and to improve muscle spasm. Brace is very effective to control acute pain in musculoskeltal system. However, long-term wear of brace should be avoided to prevent the disuse syndrome. Exercise is one of the most important rehabilitation modalities. This includes stretching and muscle strengthening programs. Education of body mechanism in activity of daily living is essential in rehabilitation of geriatric patients.
Shirado
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Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012146:Rest