title: Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis after severe burn injury in children: possible role of magnesium depletion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cause and extent of hypocalcemia observed in children after severe burns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 10 children with burns covering 57% +/- 17% (SD) body surface area, ages 9.6 +/- 4.7 years, who were admitted consecutively during a 6-month period. Diet supplied a minimum of 2.7 gm/m2 of calcium, 0.3 gm/m2 of magnesium, and 2.2 gm/m2 phosphate. Blood specimens were obtained daily for 10 +/- 5 days for the following tests: (1) simultaneous analysis for ionized calcium, magnesium, and intact parathyroid hormone (group A); (2) two of these children, randomly selected, had serial 2-hour determinations on a single day (group B); (3) a modified Ellsworth-Howard test, consisting of a 10-minute infusion of synthetic parathyroid hormone 18 +/- 10 days post-burn and associated changes in urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion and renal threshold phosphate concentration (group C). Three of these children, when normomagnesemic, also received a standard magnesium infusion to determine magnesium retention (group D). Data were analyzed with chi-square, regression analysis, and non-parametric testing as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients showed sustained hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia; intact parathyroid hormone response was inappropriately low and response to synthetic parathyroid hormone infusion was blunted. Lowest ionized calcium levels were associated with hypomagnesemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoparathyroidism and blunted renal response to parathyroid hormone suggest that magnesium depletion may contribute to their pathogenesis. Magnesium repletion and monitoring are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0352, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Langman
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Cuneo
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D002056:Burns / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium