title: Risk factors for methotrexate-induced lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A multicenter, case-control study. Methotrexate-Lung Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxicity limits the use of methotrexate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for methotrexate-induced lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One private and five academic rheumatology practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methotrexate recipients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential risk factors examined were sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, medical history, clinical and ancillary features and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis before methotrexate therapy, and characteristics of methotrexate therapy. Cases of lung injury were defined according to the modified criteria of Searles and McKendry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four percent of the study participants were white, and 67% were women. Case-patients (n = 29) were older than controls (n = 82) (61.5 compared with 54.5 years of age). The strongest predictors of lung injury, after adjustment for other variables, were older age (odds ratio [OR], 5.1 [95% CI, 1.2 to 21.1]), diabetes (OR, 35.6 [CI, 1.3 to infinity]), rheumatoid pleuropulmonary involvement (OR, 7.1 [CI, 1.1 to 45.4]), previous use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (OR, 5.6 [CI, 1.2 to 27.0]), and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 19.5 [CI, 3.5 to 109.7]). Previous use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and hypoalbuminemia had very large attributable risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the risk factors that predispose patients with rheumatoid arthritis to the toxic effects of methotrexate on the lung may provide a rationale for monitoring high-risk patients and may facilitate their management.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macaluso
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Weinblatt
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sundy
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Axiotis
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D008727:Methotrexate