title: The effects of two levels of vasomotor tone at physiologic suffusate PO2 on acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of cremaster third-order arterioles in 5-hour ischemia-reperfusion control rats.
abstract: Intravital microscopy was used for 1 h in the cremaster skeletal muscles of normotensive 4- to 5-week-old rats. The total duration for experimentation was 5 h in order to mimic the controls used previously for a 4-hour ischemia and 1-hour reperfusion model which was equilibrated with room air. Responsiveness of third-order (3A) arterioles with resting vasomotor tone (VT) was assessed to topically applied 10(-2) to 10(-6) M acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (NP) using a suffusate PO2 of 25-30 mm Hg. ACh (10(-4) M) or NP (10(-6) M) were retested at this Po2 in 3A arterioles with norepinephrine (NE) (10(-6) M)-enhanced VT. Results were compared against those using room air to increase VT. No dose-response relationships were demonstrated for ACh or NP in resting conditions. Moreover, our current and former responses were maximal and of a lesser magnitude than those reported by others using room air. All doses except 10(-4) or 10(-6) M ACh, or 10(-6) M NP, also severely depressed systemic arterial blood pressure. Enhancement of VT by 29% resulted in a 3-fold greater dilation to 10(-4) M ACh or 10(-6) M NP. The relative increase in volumetric blood flow (Q) to ACh or NP was 5.3-5.7 times greater than with resting VT. However, there were no differences in the absolute maximal values attained for internal diameter (D) or Q between drugs. The times to peak response and recovery were accelerated for Q but not D in NE-preconstricted arterioles, and the relative increases in D were less than reported by others after equilibration with room air. At both levels of tone, topical administration of NE at the end of each experiment caused similar decreases in D and Q, while mean centerline cellular velocity, wall shear rate (WSR), and VT were found to increase. These results suggested that the relative increases in D and Q were due to NE-induced decreases in absolute predrug baselines, while both the depressed VT and peak responses in D were caused by a fall in vasoreactivity. Po2 did not appear to be a factor attenuating endothelium-dependent responses, since ACh was equipotent to NP in resting or NE-preconstricted arterioles at physiological suffusate Po2 or in cremaster flaps equilibrated with room air. Therefore, either NE at physiological suffusate Po2 or room air appears acceptable for elevating initial VT/WSR when examining the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms regulating physiological (dilator) tone and perfusion in 3A arterioles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-9128, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Borsch
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Cilento
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D000109:Acetylcholine; D010100:Oxygen