title: Adenylyl cyclase and G protein receptor kinase expression during development of heart failure.
abstract: We examined alterations in left ventricular (LV) G protein receptor kinase (GRK) and adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoform expression during the development of pacing-induced congestive heart failure (CHF). AC isoform and GRK expression were assessed 4 (mild CHF) and 28 (severe CHF) days after initiation of pacing. LV beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) number and G protein content were unchanged by mild CHF. LV AC isoform mRNA content was unaltered by mild CHF, but there were increases in total GRK activity (P < 0.01), total GRK5 protein content (P < 0.04), and GRK5 mRNA (P = 0.003); total GRK2 protein content and GRK2 mRNA were unchanged. Mild CHF was associated with decreased beta-AR coupling (P < 0.01) and reduced beta-AR stimulation of AC (P < 0.05). Severe CHF was associated with LV beta-AR downregulation (P = 0.0001) and uncoupling (P < 0.001) and marked generalized reduction of AC activity (mean P = 0.01). LV ACVI isoform mRNA content was reduced (P = 0.002), but ACII and ACV isoform mRNA contents were unaffected. Persistent elevations in LV total GRK activity (P < 0.01), total GRK5 protein content (P < 0.001), and GRK5 mRNA (P = 0.01) were found; in contrast, total GRK2 protein content was unchanged and GRK2 mRNA was reduced (P = 0.02). These studies indicate that increased GRK activity is an early charge in heart failure that predates alterations in AC isoform expression. Impaired hormonal stimulation of AC, associated with beta-AR uncoupling, may result from increased GRK5 expression. AC downregulation is isoform specific and accompanies severe but not mild CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D054774:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases; D054774:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases