title: Voice restoration after laryngectomy: experience with the Blom-Singer extended-wear indwelling tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Blom-Singer tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis has undergone continuous design modifications during the last 18 years to make it more effective, anatomically compatible, and easier to use. This evolution continues with the recent introduction of an indwelling-style voice prosthesis intended for use by individuals who are unable or disinclined to use a self-removable-style voice prosthesis. The a priori self-lifespan goal of the indwelling prosthesis was 180 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present investigation describes the experience of 81 consecutive participants who used a total of 206 indwelling voice prosthesis. Selection criteria included total laryngectomy and either primary (n = 35) or secondary (n = 46) tracheoesophageal puncture. All participants had external-beam radiotherapy either pre- or postlaryngectomy. Specifically, lifespan of the prosthesis, the effects and clinical management of fungal colonization, and participant satisfaction with this style prosthesis were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prosthesis use rate of 90% was observed. Group 1 prostheses (without fungal colonization and without Nystatin therapy) exhibited a lifespan significantly longer than did group 2 prostheses (with fungal colonization and prior to Nystatin therapy) (sample mean [mean] = 185.6 days versus 80.6 days; p < .05). Group 3 prostheses (following Nystatin therapy) also exhibited a lifespan significantly longer than that of group 2 prostheses (mean = 156.1 days versus 80.6 days; p < .05). Lifespans of group 1 and group 3 prostheses were not significantly different (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extended-wear, indwelling voice prosthesis achieved its a priori lifespan goal of 180 days (6 months) with almost uniform patient preference and without risk of increased complications. When fungal colonization was present. Nystatin therapy significantly prolonged prosthesis lifespan.
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Leder
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Erskine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004946:Esophagostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007831:Larynx, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000517:prevention & control; D009761:Nystatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D011878:Radiotherapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014831:Voice
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009761:Nystatin