title: hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization.
abstract: Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein enzyme that elongates telomeres, is repressed in normal human somatic cells but is reactivated during tumor progression. We report the cloning of a human gene, hEST2, that shares significant sequence similarity with the telomerase catalytic subunit genes of lower eukaryotes. hEST2 is expressed at high levels in primary tumors, cancer cell lines, and telomerase-positive tissues but is undetectable in telomerase-negative cell lines and differentiated telomerase-negative tissues. Moreover, the message is up-regulated concomitant with the activation of telomerase during the immortalization of cultured cells and down-regulated during in vitro cellular differentiation. Taken together, these observations suggest that the induction of hEST2 mRNA expression is required for the telomerase activation that occurs during cellular immortalization and tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02142, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyerson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Counter
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Ellisen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Caddle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ziaugra
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Beijersbergen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Davidoff
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacchetti
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002384:Catalysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D019098:Telomerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000737:chemistry; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C422952:telomerase RNA; D012313:RNA; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase