title: [Value of ultrasound imaging of the Achilles tendon in traumatology].
abstract: METHODS
  In an experimental study on ten isolated human cadaver tendons, the ultrasound anatomy and the reproducibility of artefacts was determined using 10- and 13-MHz probes. With these in vitro data, the form and diameter of a non-injured tendon were documented in a series of 30 patients between 3 and 60 years old. In a second series of 32 patients with acute, traumatic ruptures of the Achilles tendon and 40 patients with chronic disorders, we distinguished the pathological anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injuries to a tendon with chronic disorders, reruptures and complications in the postoperative period after tendon repair can be made more difficult by calcification, scars, oedema, haematoma and suture materials. It is necessary to check the changing ultrasound patterns owing to an haematoma or oedema with tendon carpulence, the missing linear signals in a fresh rupture and the different signals after operative or nonoperative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using high-frequency probes with 10 or more MHz, it is possible to examine even the insertion area of the tendon or the pathology of a subachilleal bursa by tilting the probe. The dynamic examination and the comparison with the contralateral side in two planes should be included in a standardized examination procedure and are of great importance in some cases of fresh tendon ruptures. Knowledge of the physical principles and the possibility of misleading artefacts is crucial.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Unfallchirurgie Graz.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grechenig
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fellinger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seggl
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012421:Rupture; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography