title: The prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss by cyclical etidronate therapy: a 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy can prevent early postmenopausal bone loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 2-year outpatient, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The subjects were 152 women within 1 to 10 years of the onset of menopause and bone mineral density (BMD) between 0 and -2 SD of normal values for a 50 year old woman. The women were stratified according to years since the menopause (1 to 3 years: n = 43; 4 to 6 years: n = 53; 7 to 10 years: n = 56). Measurements of lumbar spine, proximal femur and total body BMD were performed at baseline, 12 and 24 months by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical markers of bone resorption and bone formation were measured on the same visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-five subjects completed the study. Mean percentage change in lumbar spine BMD (and SEM) at 2 years was +2.14 (0.47)% in the etidronate group and -1.72 (0.41)% in the placebo group. Results for lumbar spine BMD in the treated and control groups stratified according to years since the menopause were: 1 to 3 years: +1.73 (0.84)% and -3.30 (0.70)%; 4 to 6 years: +1.37 (0.88)% and -1.80 (0.61)%; 7 to 10 years: +3.42 (0.61)% and -0.38 (0.70)%. The effect of both treatment group and menopausal stratum were highly statistically significant for lumbar spine and total body BMD. Treatment group, but not stratum, was significant for BMD in the proximal femur. Markers of bone resorption and bone formation were significantly decreased by etidronate therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclical etidronate prevents bone loss in the total skeleton and at the clinically relevant sites (spine and proximal femur) even in the early postmenopausal years. Hence, it appears to be an effective and safe nonhormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with normal or low BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Herd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balena
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fogelman
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012968:Etidronic Acid