title: ATP acting on P2Y receptors triggers calcium mobilization in Schwann cells at the neuroelectrocyte junction in skate.
abstract: Schwann cells are integral cellular components of the dense cholinergic presynaptic plexus (nerve plate) which innervates each electrocyte in skate electric organ. Using the Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2, we have followed the response in these cells to various chemical challenges. In K+ depolarized nerve plates nerve terminals consistently responded with a rapid and sustained Ca2+ signal. Schwann cell responses to depolarization were rarely seen but, when observed, were always delayed in onset when compared to nerve terminal response (6-10 s later). The possibility that these responses were triggered by mediators released from nerve terminals was tested by direct application of candidate substances. Schwann cells were found to respond to adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate with a biphasic increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, a rapid peak response being followed in the majority of cells by a sustained plateau phase. In the absence of external Ca2+ only the transient peak response was observed. Depletion of internal Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin completely inhibited the adenosine triphosphate-stimulated rise in Schwann cell Ca2+. The response to adenosine triphosphate was concentration-dependent (EC50 2.8 microM) and was reversibly blocked by two antagonists of P2 purinoceptors: suramin and reactive blue 2. Adenosine diphosphate and 2-methylthio-adenosine triphosphate were equipotent with adenosine triphosphate and at high concentrations (100 microM) diadenosine tetraphosphate produced responses comparable to low concentrations of adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, the alpha beta-methylene analogues of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, uridine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate were without significant effect. These results show that, in skate electric organ Schwann cells, the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores is triggered by adenosine triphosphate acting on P(2gamma) receptors and suggest that Schwann cells may be targets for synaptically-released adenosine triphosphate in the electric organ model of the neuromuscular junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, U.K.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dowdall
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004557:Electric Organ / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium