title: Antimicrobial compounds from Ceanothus americanus against oral pathogens.
abstract: During the search for antimicrobial compounds from higher plant sources, a methanol extract of Ceanothus americanus demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. Through further bioassay-guided fractionation and purification, three triterpenes (ceanothic acid, 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid) and two flavonoids (maesopsin and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside) were identified. Among these, ceanothetric acid and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside were new compounds. Ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid demonstrated growth inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia with MICs ranging from 42 to 625 micrograms ml-1. Maesopsin, its glucoside, and 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid, were inactive below the concentration of 500 micrograms ml-1.
authors.affiliation: Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D016924:Actinomyces viscosus / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009654:Norsteroids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C107976:27-hydroxyceanothic acid; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D005960:Glucosides; D009654:Norsteroids; C107975:ceanothetric acid; C107974:maesopsin-6-O-glucoside; C107972:ceanothic acid; C107973:maesopsin