title: The crystal structure of the nucleotide-free alpha 3 beta 3 subcomplex of F1-ATPase from the thermophilic Bacillus PS3 is a symmetric trimer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  F1-ATPase, an oligomeric assembly with subunit stoichiometry alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon, is the catalytic component of the ATP synthase complex, which plays a central role in energy transduction in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. The crystal structure of bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase displays a marked asymmetry in the conformation and nucleotide content of the catalytic beta subunits. The alpha 3 beta 3 subcomplex of F1-ATPase has been assembled from subunits of the moderately thermophilic Bacillus PS3 made in Escherichia coli, and the subcomplex is active but does not show the catalytic cooperativity of intact F1-ATPase. The structure of this subcomplex should provide new information on the conformational variability of F1-ATPase and may provide insights into the unusual catalytic mechanism employed by this enzyme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crystal structure of the nucleotide-free bacterial alpha 3 beta 3 subcomplex of F1-ATPase, determined at 3.2 A resolution, shows that the oligomer has exact threefold symmetry. The bacterial beta subunits adopt a conformation essentially identical to that of the nucleotide-free beta subunit in mitochondrial F1-ATPase; the alpha subunits have similar conformations in both structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structures of the bacterial F1-ATPase alpha and beta subunits are very similar to their counterparts in the mitochondrial enzyme, suggesting a common catalytic mechanism. The study presented here allows an analysis of the different conformations adopted by the alpha and beta subunits and may ultimately further our understanding of this mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Hyogo University of Education, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirakihara
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Abrahams
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kambara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saika
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases