title: [Detection of differentially expressed genes in head-neck carcinomas].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinogenesis is generally considered a multistage process based on many alterations of the genetic substance. These alterations lead to many qualitative and quantitative changes in gene expression with subsequent malignant transformation of the cell. Only a few of these genetic alterations are identified yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  The differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect differentially expressed genes in head and neck cancer. The mRNA expression of cultivated keratinocytes of the upper aerodigestive tract was compared to the one of cultivated squamous cell carcinoma cells of the larynx, hypopharynx, and floor of the mouth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 116 differentially expressed gene fragments were identified. They were either solely expressed by the malignant cells or the keratinocytes or in just one carcinoma cell entity. Forty-three of the 116 DNA fragments were sequenced successfully. In four cases the specific differential expression was confirmed by Northern blot hybridisation in comparison to keratinocytes, normal mucosa, and 3 benign tumors from the head and neck region. A gene bank search revealed in three cases a homology of less than 20% to already known human, animal, bacterial or viral gene sequences and in one case a homology of 98% with a human gene sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detected for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck specific genes or gene fragments are the basis for further investigations to better understand carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals- chirurgie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottschlich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Görögh
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Folz
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lippert
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Niemann
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D012333:RNA, Messenger