title: Comparison of conventional and computed radiography: assessment of image quality and reader performance in skeletal extremity trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reader performance and image quality wee assessed for standard film, computed film, and computer monitor radiography viewing formats in the evaluation of skeletal extremity trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three radiologists and three orthopedic surgeons interpreted 27 skeletal radiographs obtained with equivalent technical parameters. Readers evaluated standard film, computed film, and computer monitor formats randomly for fracture and soft-tissue abnormalities. Sessions were videotaped, and eye motion was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were found between image formats for true-positive or false-positive findings of trauma indicators. Findings were classified as false-negative based on eye position fixation times. Search errors (lesion not fixated) accounted for 21.7%, 20.6% and 17.1% of false-negative errors with the computer monitor, computed film, and standard film formats, respectively. Combined recognition errors and decision errors were 78.3%, 79.4%, and 82.9%, respectively. Viewing times were longest for the computer monitor images (P < .001). Image quality, contrast, and sharpness were rated highest for computed radiographs (P = .001). Radiologists had a higher true-positive decision rate than orthopedic surgeons (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No statistically significant differences were seen in reader performance among viewing formats. The computed film format received the highest quality rating, and workstation viewing times were longest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Krupinski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereles
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mockbee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001175:Arthrography; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005121:Extremities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007596:Joints / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009985:Orthopedics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011871:Radiology; D014962:X-Ray Film