title: Fibrin glue fixation in forehead endoscopy: evaluation of our experience with 206 cases.
abstract: The endoscopic approach has totally replaced the bicoronal approach for the treatment of forehead aging in our practice since November of 1993. The fixation in proper position is obtained with fibrin glue. Results of a series of 206 procedures performed in 196 patients are presented. Eyebrow positioning and muscle weakening were rated on a scale of 1 to 4. The evaluation has been made at a minimal follow-up time of 6 months. The comparison of the results between the first series of 28 patients during the first 6 months of our experience and the second series of 69 patients during the following period showed a significant increase in the number of excellent results (from 47 to 78 percent). Altogether, the satisfactory results (rated excellent or good) increased from 71 to 86 percent. Fibrin glue provides a stable fixation with the possibility of displacement in several directions, including transversal expansion. Complications have been minimal. Secondary procedures and association with other facial operations have been analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marchac
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ascherman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnaud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive