title: UV protection by clothing: an intercomparison of measurements and methods.
abstract: In an attempt to reduce the incidence of skin cancer, cancer foundations have run educational campaigns which encourage the general population to limit their solar UVR exposures. An important part of these campaigns, in particular in Australia, but also more recently in Europe and the U.S., has been the adoption of protective measures such as sunscreens, hats, sunglasses and clothing. The protective properties of fabrics and clothing against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been known for some time, but recently there has been considerable interest in quantifying the degree of protection. This has been generated, in part, by the requirements for occupational protection for outdoor workers as well as the provision of UVR protection for the recreational market. The quantification of UVR protection has been laboratory based using in vitro test methods. Development of a standard test method has become an important part of the testing process, and this paper presents results from an intercomparison involving five independent testing laboratories. Agreement is good, in particular for samples with protection factors below 50. Technical difficulties and sources of errors associated with the measurements are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Australian Radiation Laboratory, Yallambie.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gies
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McLennan
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Diffey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pailthorpe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whillock
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: McKinlay
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sayre
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006283:Health Physics; D006801:Humans; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D013784:Textiles; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*