title: Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and troponin-T following cardiopulmonary bypass. A comparison between intermittent crossclamp with fibrillation and crystalloid cardioplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intermittent crossclamp with fibrillation affords equivalent myocardial protection to cold crystalloid cardioplegia in patients undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. This study is a direct comparison between the two techniques with regards to free radical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was part of a prospective randomised trial. We studied 24 consecutive patients with ejection fraction of 30% or greater undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. Patients were randomised into two groups. In group 1 (n = 13) the myocardium was protected by intermittent aortic cross clamping with fibrillation and group 2 (n = 11) by antegrade cold crystalloid cardioplegia. The determinants of free radical activity were serial peripheral venous samples for lipid peroxidation and plasma antioxidant status (before and at 1, 6, 24 and 72 h after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass). The determinant of the efficacy of myocardial protection was serial peripheral venous samples of cardiac troponin-T taken at the same time intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar with respect to age, sex distribution, preoperative ventricular function, left main stem disease, number of grafts and bypass times. Lipid peroxidation measurements at the 1 h time point were higher than preoperative values (7.24 +/- 1.19 vs. 4.48 +/- 0.69 and 9.36 +/- 1.46 vs. 4.98 +/- 1.02 (mean +/- S.E) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (units in mmol/l) thereafter values decreased to near preoperative values by 72 h. There was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.42). Total plasma antioxidant status values at the 1 h time point were lower than the preoperative values for all patients (1.33 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.63 +/- 0.06 and 1.42 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.63 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- standard error) in groups 1 and 2, respectively, (units in mmol/l) and thereafter at the subsequent time points increased but never attained their preoperative value. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.59). Troponin-T measurements showed no significant difference between the two groups at all time points (P = 0.2217).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that lipid peroxidation is initially elevated and the defence mechanisms against oxygen free radicals-antioxidant status'-are depressed following cardiopulmonary bypass. The degree of oxygen free radical activity produced during ischaemia and reperfusion was similar in both types of myocardial protection employed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hadjinikolaou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McColl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sapsford
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Glenville
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000032:analysis; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014336:Troponin / Q000032:analysis; D020107:Troponin T
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005609:Free Radicals; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D014336:Troponin; D020107:Troponin T