title: Jail fever (epidemic typhus) outbreak in Burundi.
abstract: We recently investigated a suspected outbreak of epidemic typhus in a jail in Burundi. We tested sera of nine patients by microimmunofluorescence for antibodies to Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia typhi. We also amplified and sequenced from lice gene portions specific for two R. prowazekii proteins: the gene encoding for citrate synthase and the gene encoding for the rickettsial outer membrane protein. All patients exhibited antibodies specific for R. prowazekii. Specific gene sequences were amplified in two lice from one patient. The patients had typical clinical manifestations, and two died. Molecular techniques provided a convenient and reliable means of examining lice and confirming this outbreak. The jail-associated outbreak predates an extensive ongoing outbreak of louse-borne typhus in central eastern Africa after civil war and in refugee camps in Rwanda, Burundi (1), and Zaire.
authors.affiliation: Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, Marsaille, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ndihokubwayo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bise
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baudon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marte
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birtles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D002063:Burundi / Q000453:epidemiology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008003:Phthiraptera / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012283:Rickettsia prowazekii / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014438:Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D017931:DNA Primers