title: Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide from anandamide by cyclooxygenase-2.
abstract: Because of its structural similarity to polyunsaturated fatty acids, anandamide could serve as substrate for enzymes such as lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases, which metabolize polyunsaturated fatty acids to potent bioactive metabolites. Here the ability of recombinant human cyclooxygenase-1 (hCOX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2) to metabolize anandamide was studied. Baculovirus-expressed and -purified hCOX-2, but not hCOX-1, effectively oxygenated anandamide. Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the products derived from 1-14C-labeled anandamide showed that the products formed are similar to those formed with arachidonic acid as substrate. The major prostanoid product derived from anandamide was determined by mass spectrometry to be prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide. Incubation of anandamide with lysates and the intact cell line expressing COX-2 but not that of COX-1 produced prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide. These results demonstrate the existence of a COX-2-mediated pathway for anandamide metabolism, and the metabolites formed represent a novel class of prostaglandins.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Diseases Unit, Roche Bioscience, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ives
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ramesha
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C107684:prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; C078814:anandamide