title: HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway.
abstract: The karyophilic properties of the HIV-1 nucleoprotein complex facilitate infection of nondividing cells such as macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes, and allow the in vivo delivery of transgenes by HIV-derived retroviral vectors into terminally differentiated cells such as neurons. Although the viral matrix (MA) and Vpr proteins have previously been shown to play important roles in this process, we demonstrate here that integrase, the enzyme responsible for mediating the integration of the viral genome in the host cell chromosome, can suffice to connect the HIV-1 preintegration complex with the cell nuclear import machinery. This novel function of integrase reflects the recognition of an atypical bipartite nuclear localization signal by the importin/karyopherin pathway.
authors.affiliation: The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1099, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trono
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases / Q000502:physiology*; D028884:Karyopherins; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D028884:Karyopherins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019426:Integrases