Insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of portal-drained viscera, liver, hindquarters, and whole body of beef steers weighing 275 or 490 kilograms.
Our objective was to quantify effects of age, weight, and body composition on responsiveness (Rmax or Rmin) and sensitivity (ED50) of several parameters of glucose metabolism to insulin in growing beef steers. Steers ate equal-sized meals every 2 h; the diet contained 62% concentrate and sustained 1 kg ADG. Treatments were euglycemic clamps at 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mU.h-1.kg BW-1 of insulin infused into a mesenteric vein of seven younger (275 kg BW) and seven older (490 kg BW) steers. Most steers received three of the six treatments; two extra steers were added to compensate for missing data. Steers had blood vessel catheters and ultrasound flow probes that allowed measurement of net uptake or release of glucose and insulin by portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, and hindquarters (HQ). Steady-state glucose infusion rate (SSGIR) was intrajugular glucose infused during treatments to maintain euglycemia. Within age groups, Rmax or Rmin and ED50 were estimated by nonlinear regression of glucose flux on arterial plasma insulin concentrations. Steers were killed after sampling, tissues were weighted, and HQ content of fat and protein was determined. Those data were used to predict tissue weights and HQ composition at the time of the euglycemic clamps. Predicted EBW (243 vs 444 kg), liver (4.24 vs 6.19 kg), and HQ (73 vs 122 kg) were heavier for older than for younger steers. Fat in HQ was higher for older than for younger steers (173 vs 134 g/kg), but protein was similar (198 g/kg). The ED50 (mU of insulin/L of plasma) for SSGIR (237 +/- 65 vs 113 +/- 22), liver glucose release (89 +/- 22 vs 44 +/- 11), total glucose entry (418 +/- 184 vs 125 +/- 20), and HQ glucose uptake (488 +/- 151 vs 243 +/- 78) was higher for older than for younger steers. The Rmax (mmol glucose.h-1.kg tissue-1) for SSGIR (2.68 +/- .22 vs 2.09 +/- .23) and HQ (3.08 +/- .33 vs 2.46 +/- .30) was higher for younger than for older steers. Liver glucose release decreased in response to insulin; Rmin (mmol glucose.h-1.kg liver-1) was higher for younger (36.0 +/- 6.9) than for older (24.7 +/- 3.2) steers. We conclude that as steers grew older, heavier, and fatter, their peripheral tissues and liver became less sensitive and less responsive to insulin.
Eisemann
J H
JH
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
Huntington
G B
GB
Catherman
D R
DR
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011168:Portal System / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D014781:Viscera / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose