title: Childhood moyamoya disease: hemodynamic MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood moyamoya disease is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cerebral hemodynamics using dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced imaging in children with moyamoya disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight children (2-11 years of age) with the clinical and angiographic findings typical of moyamoya disease, before and/or after surgical intervention (pial synangiosis), underwent conventional MR imaging (MRI) and hemodynamic MR imaging (HMRI). HMRI used a spoiled gradient-echo with low flip angle (10 deg) and long TE (TR/TE = 24/15 ms) to minimize T 1 effects and emphasize T 2* weighting. Raw and calculated hemodynamic images were reviewed. Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA) and perfusion brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal hemodynamic maps resulting from vascular stenosis or occlusion and basal collaterals were observed in six patient studies. HMRI depicted perfusion dynamics of affected cerebrovascular territories, detected cortical perfusion deficits, and complemented conventional MRI and MRA. HMRI findings were consistent with those of catheter angiography and perfusion SPECT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary experience suggests that HMRI may be of value in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of surgical interventions in moyamoya disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tzika
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vajapeyam
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Treves
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA