title: Insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated neurite outgrowth in vitro requires mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) induces neuronal differentiation in vitro. In the present study, we examined the signaling pathway underlying IGF-I-mediated neurite outgrowth. In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, treatment with IGF-I induced concentration- and time-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1 and 2. These effects of IGF-I were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against IGF-IR. Whereas IGF-IR phosphorylation was observed within 1 min, maximal phosphorylation of ERKs was not reached for 30 min. Both IGF-IR and ERK phosphorylation were maintained for at least 24 h. Also, the concentration dependence of IGF-I-stimulated IGF-IR and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation paralleled that of IGF-I-mediated neurite outgrowth. We further examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in IGF-I-stimulated neuronal differentiation using the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059. Whereas PD98059 had no effect on IGF-IR phosphorylation, PD98059 reduced IGF-I-mediated ERK tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK phosphorylation of the substrate Elk-1. PD98059 also produced a parallel reduction of IGF-I-stimulated neurite outgrowth. Finally, consistent with its ability to block neuronal differentiation, PD98059 inhibited IGF-I-dependent changes of GAP-43 and c-myc gene expression. Together these results suggest that activation of ERKs is essential for IGF-I-stimulated neuronal differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and the Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Saltiel
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016501:Neurites / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one