title: Sperm competition games: inter- and intra-species results of a continuous external fertilization model.
abstract: We investigate the relationship between sperm competition intensity and sperm expenditure, both across species and within a species, using a two sperm competition models. In model 1, the males cannot assess the number of competitors, and their ejaculate effort is shaped by the average number <N> of competitors. In model 2, males can assess the number Ni of competitors at each spawning exactly. Males can vary the mass m of their sperm and the number si at a spawning. The aim is to find the evolutionarily stable strategies and hence the way that m and si vary with Ni. A continuous fertilization model in which the sperm have to swim in order to fertilize an egg is described. This is used to find simultaneous equations describing m and si. These are solved numerically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, U.K. ballm@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012931:Social Environment; D013076:Sperm Count; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions