title: A sonographically guided technique for central venous access.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The internal jugular vein (IJV) is an important access to the central venous system. We compared sonographically guided technique with the traditional anatomic landmark technique for IJV catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective randomized trial, 100 patients underwent routine catheterization of the IJV (50 patients in the sonography group and 50 patients in the anatomic landmark group). Access time, failure rates, and complication rates were evaluated. In addition, the physicians' number of years of experience with catheter insertion was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Access time was markedly shorter with the sonographically guided technique (mean, 15.2 sec; range, 8-76 sec) than with the anatomic landmark technique (mean, 51.4 sec; range, 3-820 sec) (p = .001). The failure rate was significantly lower with the sonographically guided technique (p = .002). Complications were fewer with the sonographically guided technique (neck hematoma, 2% versus 10%; plexus irritation, 4% versus 6%; carotid artery puncture, 0% versus 12%). We found that the number of years of postgraduate clinical training was greater in the group of physicians using the anatomic landmark technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sonographically guided technique is associated with less risk and less inconvenience for patients, especially critically ill patients, for whom the technique provides fast, safe, and easy IJV catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Teichgräber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gebel
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional