title: Kinetics, localization and cytokine profile of T cell responses to immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) containing human influenza virus envelope glycoproteins.
abstract: Immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) are 40 nm particles combining adjuvant-active Quillaja saponins and multimeric presentation of antigens. The distribution in mice of influenza virus iscoms and the resulting T cell responses in the lymph nodes (LN) and spleen were characterized. After a single subcutaneous injection, iscoms were delivered to the draining LN where they induced a transient population of LN cells which responded with proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after restimulation. The response in the spleen developed more slowly, sustained for 12 weeks and was characterized by cells producing in particular IL-2 and IFN-gamma but also IL-4. A booster resulted in a dramatic enhancement of the production of IFN-gamma, indicating that iscoms efficiently recruit cells with Th1 properties. Comparisons of T cell responses to iscoms and to influenza virus antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant demonstrate that these adjuvants affect both the localization and cytokine profile of T cell responses.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Department of Virology, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjölander
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000276:immunology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology; D016882:ISCOMs / Q000276:immunology*; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000379:methods; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D016882:ISCOMs; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D009439:Neuraminidase