title: Anaphylatoxins in fresh-frozen plasma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) is widely used in patients with coagulation disorders and simultaneous complement activation. Complement activation in FFP itself is poorly investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, the complement precursors C1q and factor B, and complement function were measured in 40 consecutively administered FFP units in two pediatric neonatal intensive care units. In 12 samples, the measurements were also performed after incubation with inulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 15 of 40 FFP units, both anaphylatoxin concentrations were below the upper cutoff levels reported for healthy humans (C3a, 500 microg/L; C5a, 5 microg/L). Anaphylatoxin levels were higher in FFP units produced by apheresis than in those from blood donation. Complement activation of FFP by inulin increased anaphylatoxin concentration, whereas C1q and factor B levels, and complement function remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated concentrations of anaphylatoxin are frequently found in FFP units produced by apheresis. Studies are necessary to investigate the reasons for complement activation and the possibilities of prevention during apheresis. As the concentrations of complement precursors and complement function did not change with activation in FFP, these studies should include measurement of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Virchow Clinic, Humboldt University, and the German Heart Institute, Berlin.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonntag
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Walka
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000706:Anaphylatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D001781:Blood Component Removal; D001782:Blood Donors; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000032:analysis; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000032:analysis; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000706:Anaphylatoxins; D015926:Complement C3a; D015936:Complement C5a; D003165:Complement System Proteins