title: Vagal stimulation decreases left ventricular contractility mainly through negative chronotropic effect.
abstract: Although an increase in vagal tone is known to slow heart rate (HR), whether it also depresses left ventricular contractility through mechanisms independent of the bradycardic effect remains unknown. The chief aim of this investigation, therefore, was the separation of the observed vagally mediated depression of ventricular contractility into direct and indirect vagal effects, the latter resulting via negative chronotropism. In 12 anesthetized, sympathectomized open-chest rabbits, we measured left ventricular contractility through determination of the end-systolic elastance (Ees). We found that tonic vagal stimulation administered at 0, 5, and 10 Hz decreased both HR (226.9 +/- 39.7, 201.9 +/- 25.7, and 171.3 +/- 18.5 beats/min, respectively; P = 0.0003) and Ees (109.5 +/- 25.7, 85.1 +/- 34.1, and 71.9 +/- 33.1 mmHg/ml, respectively; P = 5 x 10(-6)) in a frequency-dependent fashion. However, we observed that as long as HR was kept constant through fixed-rate atrial pacing, vagal stimulation resulted in little or no change in Ees. Thus we conclude that the negative inotropic effect of vagal stimulation is attributable primarily to its negative chronotropic effect when sympathetic tone is minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004548:Elasticity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013562:Sympathectomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left