title: TACT imaging of primary caries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tuned-aperture computed tomography, a new method for creating 3-D radiographic information based on optical aperture theory, was evaluated for diagnostic efficacy in primary caries detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four extracted teeth with 89 carious lesions were imaged with D-speed film, direct digital, and TACT modalities. A commercially available, 8-bit, charge-coupled device was used in the later two modalities. Six trained observers were asked to identify the presence or absence and depth of interproximal and occlusal lesions for all three modalities. The teeth were sectioned and examined microscopically to determine ground truth. Logistic regression analysis was performed for all three imaging systems for the detection task. Analysis of variance was used for depth determination. Detection of lesion, depth of lesion accuracy, and time for diagnosis were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For caries detection TACT and film were not different (p = 0.2216) with the Wald statistic. Film and TACT were significantly more accurate than the digital system (p = 0.0001). Scheffe's post hoc test revealed that TACT and film were more accurate than the direct digital system for determining lesion depth (p = 0.05) but not statistically different when compared with each other. The detection data were substantiated further by receiver operating characteristic analysis that demonstrated similar statistical relationships. Time required per diagnosis was not shown to be statistically different among the three imaging modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude for caries detection and depth determination that TACT could not be distinguished from film despite the significant relative loss of information capacity in the charge-coupled device receptor. The relatively poorer performance yielded by the digital control images suggests that increased information capacity associated with more modern charge-coupled device detectors may improve diagnostic performance for both direct digital and TACT displays over that demonstrated in this investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tyndall
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Horton
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015588:Observer Variation; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014962:X-Ray Film