title: Comparison of the role of 5' terminal sequences of alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs 1, 2, and 3 in viral RNA replication.
abstract: The 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the genomic RNAs 1, 2, and 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) are 100, 54, and 345 nucleotides (nt) long, respectively, and lack extensive sequence similarity to each other. RNA 3 encodes the movement protein P3 and the coat protein and can be replicated in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the replicase proteins P1 and P2 (P12 plants). 5' Cis-acting sequences involved in RNA 3 replication have been shown to be confined to the 5' UTR. When the 5' UTR of RNA 3 was replaced by the 5' UTRs of RNAs 1 or 2, the recombinant RNA was not infectious to P12 plants. Also, when the P3 gene in RNA 3 was put under the control of a subgenomic promoter and the 5' UTR of this RNA was replaced by 5' terminal RNA 1 sequences of 103 to 860 nt long or RNA 2 sequences of 57 to 612 nt long, no accumulation of the hybrid RNAs was observed. Deletion of the 5' 22 nucleotides of RNA 3 resulted in the accumulation of a major progeny that lacked the 5' 79 nt. However, when the 5' 22 nucleotides of RNA 3 were replaced by the complete 5' UTR of RNA 1 or 5' sequences of RNAs 1, 2, or 3 with a length of 5 to 15 nt, accumulation of the full-length mutant RNAs was observed. The effect of mutations in the 5' viral sequences of 5 to 15 nt was analyzed. It is concluded that although elements within nucleotides 80-345 of the 5' UTR of RNA 3 are sufficient for replication, a specific sequence of 3 to 5 nt is required to target the replicase to an initiation site corresponding to the 5' end of the RNA.
authors.affiliation: Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Van Rossum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neeleman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bol
mesh_terms: D017794:Alfalfa mosaic virus / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D009154:Mutation; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D012367:RNA, Viral