title: Studies of dual promoters of mouse kappa-opioid receptor gene.
abstract: Dual promoters were identified in the mouse kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) gene. The distal promoter was located in the 5'-upstream region of exon 1 and the proximal promoter was located in the first intron of this gene. The transcription initiation site of the proximal promoter was mapped to the -93rd nucleotide position from the ATG codon in a primer extension experiment. The expression of KOR mRNAs transcribed from these two promoters in mouse central nervous system and an embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 was confirmed in a ribonuclease protection assay. In non-neuronal tissues, only the transcripts initiated from the distal promoter were detected. The biological activities of these two promoters were determined in transient transfection of P19 cells with a series of reporters, each truncated at various 5'-upstream regions. It was concluded that the distal promoter was located between nucleotide positions -990 and -570, and the proximal promoter was located between nucleotide positions -330 and -93, relative to the translation initiation codon. The presence of dual promoters in the KOR gene suggested potential regulation of KOR expression by using different promoters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D004247:DNA