title: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.
abstract: The 4,639,221-base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented. Of 4288 protein-coding genes annotated, 38 percent have no attributed function. Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; many families of similar genes within E. coli are also evident. The largest family of paralogous proteins contains 80 ABC transporters. The genome as a whole is strikingly organized with respect to the local direction of replication; guanines, oligonucleotides possibly related to replication and recombination, and most genes are so oriented. The genome also contains insertion sequence (IS) elements, phage remnants, and many other patches of unusual composition indicating genome plasticity through horizontal transfer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ecoli@genetics.wisc.edu
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Blattner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plunkett
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collado-Vides
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Glasner
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gregor
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goeden
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics; D001482:Base Composition; D001665:Binding Sites; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004261:DNA Replication; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012343:RNA, Transfer