title: The prediction of child maltreatment in Greek families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study had two aims: First, to identify characteristics of physically maltreating families in the Attica region of Greece; and second, to produce a checklist of high risk predictors which may be used for screening, as an assessment, to enable secondary prevention of physical abuse and neglect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control design was used with individual matching. The sample comprised 197 physically abused and neglected children and their families referred to a multidisciplinary team. These were compared with 163 control children and their families attending a community health center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings suggest that abusing families differ from controls on a number of variables related to child, parental, and family characteristics. The statistical analysis produced a checklist of 15 Predictors. Their classification into High, Medium, and Low Predictors pointed out that the most prominent characteristics were those associated with parents' own adverse life experiences, mental health problems, bad quality of relationship between spouses, and parental neglect of the child's hygiene. The predictive ability of the checklist produced a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96% (logistic regression) and a sensitivity of 86.8% and a specificity of 96.3% (discriminant function). The use of this checklist for screening is discussed with emphasis on methodological and ethical issues. Special emphasis is given on the cultural relevance of such an application within the Greek cultural milieu.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that secondary prevention of child maltreatment in Greece is feasible by using a checklist of risk factors as predictors. Such screening should be accompanied by clinical assessment based on qualitative aspects of mother-infant interaction. Special emphasis should be given to the cultural relevance of this approach while ethical issues should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agathonos-Georgopoulou
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008016:Life Change Events; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology