title: Angiogenesis in endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastases. Recently, microvessel density (MVD), a measure of tumor angiogenesis, has been found to have prognostic significance for predicting metastasis and survival in many tumor types. This study was conducted to determine how MVD was related to several clinicopathologic parameters and correlated with metastasis and survival in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1979 through 1989, 85 cases of clinical Stage I and II endometrial carcinomas treated initially by hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection were reviewed histologically. All hysterectomy specimens were stained immunohistologically for factor VIII-related antigen. MVD was counted in a x200 field (x20 objective lens and x10 ocular lens, 0.785 mm2 per field) in the most active area of neovascularization. Results were expressed as the highest number of microvessels identified within any single x200 field. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test of variance, and the Spearman rank correlation test. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival were analyzed using the log rank test. MVD and several other prognostic parameters were examined for their correlation with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by a multivariate analysis according to the Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MVD was significantly correlated with tumor grade (P = 0.0281), myometrial invasion (P = 0.0282), and lymph-vascular space invasion (P = 0.0073). There was no correlation between microvessel count and lymph node status and stage. Patients with a high MVD (> or =60) had significantly worse PFS and OS than those with a low MVD (<60) (log rank test, P = 0.0116 and P = 0.0096, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that MVD correlated significantly and independently with PFS and OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, MVD was found to be an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuruchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate