title: Cyclosporin A attenuates the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and in striatal dopamine content in rats with intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.
abstract: To explore new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease, we studied the possible protective effect of an immunosuppressant, cyclosporin A (CsA), treatment on changes in dopaminergic function in rats with intrastriatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Four weeks after injection of 6-OHDA, dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the striatum were depleted by 70-80%, and repeated high-dose CsA (20 mg/kg) treatment for 1 week significantly protected against these depletions. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) of the cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) ipsilateral to the injection were lower than on the contralateral side at 4 weeks but not at 1 week after 6-OHDA injection. The number of TH-positive cell bodies in the SNc decreased to 64% but CsA treatment increased this to 87%. The staining of microglia in the SN with OX42 and Griffonia simplicifolia B4 isolectin was intense at 3 days and gradually decreased by 28 days after injection. At 3 and 7 days after injection, the microglial staining in the SN was prominent and equal both in the 6-OHDA group and in ascorbic acid (SA)-injected controls. By 28 days postinjection, the staining had decreased to control levels in the SA group but was still above the control in the 6-OHDA group. CsA treatment did not affect this staining in either group. These results suggest that CsA protects against 6-OHDA-induced injury of nigrostriatal DA neurons by a mechanism not involving microglia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid