title: Perioperative hypercoagulability in uremic patients: a viscoelastic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whole blood coagulation in uremic patients presenting for surgery with the thromboelastogram and the Sonoclot analyzer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating rooms of a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 ASA physical status II and III patients with chronic renal failure, and 30 age-matched and gender-matched patients with normal renal function, presenting for elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood sampling for thromboelastograph and Sonoclot analysis immediately after anesthetic induction, prior to surgical incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thromboelastographic indices of coagulation, reflecting coagulation factor function (R time), fibrinogen-platelet interaction (K time and alpha angle), and qualitative platelet function (maximum amplitude) were hypercoagulable in the uremic group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Fibrinolysis (%) was decreased in the uremic group (p < 0.05). Fibrin formation (initial slope) and platelet function (time to peak) of the Sonoclot trace also were hypercoagulable in the uremic group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high incidence of arteriovenous graft and fistulae thromboses in uremic patients belies in vitro laboratory evidence of platelet dysfunction. We have demonstrated perioperative hypercoagulability in uremic patients with viscoelastic measures of whole blood coagulation. These data suggest that traditional concern for coagulopathy and platelet dysfunction in uremic patients may require re-assessment in light of this "pro-thrombotic" state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Pivalizza
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013916:Thrombelastography; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin