title: Comorbid occurrence of laryngeal or pulmonary disease with esophagitis in United States military veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been speculated that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) represents a risk factor for the occurrence of extraesophageal complications. The aim of this study was to compare the comorbid occurrence of sinus, laryngeal, and pulmonary diseases in case subjects with and control subjects without reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case population consisted of all patients with erosive esophagitis (International Classification of Diseases code 530.1) or esophageal stricture (ICD code 530.3) who were discharged from hospitals of the Department of Veteran Affairs between 1981 and 1994. In multivariate logistic regressions, the occurrence of sinus, pharyngeal, laryngeal, or pulmonary disease was compared between cases with and an equal number of controls without esophagitis or stricture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 101,366 case subjects was analyzed. Erosive esophagitis and esophageal stricture were associated with sinusitis (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-1.70), pharyngitis (1.48; 1.15-1.89), aphonia (1.81; 1.18-2.80), laryngitis (2.01; 1.53-2.63), laryngeal stenosis (2.02; 1.12-3.65), chronic bronchitis (1.28; 1.22-1.34), asthma (1.51; 1.43-1.59), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.22; 1.16-1.27), pulmonary fibrosis (1.36; 1.25-1.48), bronchiectasis (1.26; 1.09-1.47), pulmonary collapse (1.31; 1.23-1.40), and pneumonia (1.15; 1.12-1.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with reflux esophagitis are at an increased risk of harboring a large variety of sinus, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and pulmonary diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: el-Serag
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans