title: Fate of gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde/glutaraldeyde adhesive on femoral vessel morphology.
abstract: Several clinical reports have demonstrated that gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde (GRFG) glue can be useful in the repair of acute aortic dissection; however, the cellular and extracellular events that follow GRFG application, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the long-term strength and adhesive properties of GRFG, remain unclear. Accordingly, the present study examined the long-term effects of GRFG adhesive application on femoral vessel extracellular structure and composition. The left and right femoral artery and vein were sterilely exposed in adult rats, and GRFG (2 mL) was applied between and around one pair of vessels. An equivalent amount of sterile saline was applied to the contralateral vessels to serve as an intrinsic control. At either 1 (n = 6) or 2 (n = 6) months postoperatively, the lower extremities were perfusion fixed and harvested to preserve the native anatomy and cytoarchitecture of the femoral region. Gross examination of the specimens revealed no evidence of necrosis or wound breakdown. Tissue blocks (4 microm) were then sectioned perpendicular to the treated vessel region and subjected to histomorphometric analysis using computer-assisted microscopy. The perivascular capsule area, relative content of fibrillar collagen, and number of nucleated cells within the interstitial space were computed. At 1 and 2 months following the application of GRFG adhesive, perivascular capsular size increased by 42 and 221%, respectively. Perivascular interstitial collagen content increased by 21% at 1 month and by 50% at 2 months. The nucleated cell number increased by 107% at 1 month and by 166% at 2 months. This cellular infiltrate appeared to be of fibroblastic morphology. Thus, a potential contributory mechanism to the long-term strength and adhesive capacities of GRFG adhesive may be extracellular remodeling and not the intrinsic properties of GRFG glue itself.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 21425, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Basler
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Meck
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kribbs
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D012118:Resorcinols; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C083703:gelatin-resorcin-formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde adhesive; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005780:Gelatin; D005976:Glutaral