title: Plasminogen in proliferative vitreoretinal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravitreal fibrin formation is a frequent observation after vitrectomy performed for a variety of vitreoretinal disorders including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and endophthalmitis. Plasminogen activators (PA) have been used for the management of this postoperative complication. This approach requires the presence of plasminogen, the substrate for PA mediated fibrinolysis, in the vitreal cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantification of plasminogen in the vitreous of 60 patients with PVR, PDR, and macular pucker was performed by streptokinase mediated activation using a chromogenic substrate. The presence of immunoreactive plasminogen was confirmed by immunoblot analysis of vitreal proteins and immunocytochemistry of surgically removed epiretinal membranes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasminogen levels were dramatically increased in the vitreous of PVR and PDR patients compared with macular pucker patients and normal controls. Staining for plasminogen in epiretinal membranes was confined to the extracellular matrix. Predominant staining of perivascular areas in PDR specimens indicated that breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier is an important source of intravitreal plasminogen in that condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasminogen may play a role in traction membrane formation in PVR and PDR. Our biochemical analysis of presurgical vitreous indicates that there may be abundant substrate for PA mediated fibrinolysis in the vitreous cavity after vitrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, University Eye Clinic Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Bartz-Schmidt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008266:Macula Lutea; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010958:Plasminogen