title: The prediction of late rectal complications in patients treated with high dose-rate brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work is to investigate an unusually high rate of late rectal complications in a group of 43 patients treated with concomitant irradiation and chemotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix between December 1988 and April 1991, with a view to identifying predictive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biologically effective dose received by each patient to the rectal reference point defined by the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, Report 38, were calculated. Radiotherapy consisted of 46 Gy external beam irradiation plus three high dose-rate intracavitary treatments of 10 Gy each prescribed to point A. Cisplatin 30 mg/m2 was given weekly throughout the duration of the irradiation. The results have been compared to data from 119 patients treated with irradiation alone to assess the confounding effect of the cisplatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship between the biologically effective dose delivered to the rectal reference point and the development of late complications shows a strong dose-response with a threshold for complications occurring at approximately 125 Gy3 corresponding to a brachytherapy dose of approximately 8 Gy per fraction. This value is approximately the same biologically effective dose threshold as that found for external beam irradiation in the head and neck region. The data from the group of patients treated without cisplatin is comparable to the data from the first group of patients in the lower dose ranges; the higher doses were not used and thus are not available for comparison.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the linear quadratic model applied to our clinical results, we have established a threshold for late rectal complications for patients treated with external beam irradiation and high dose-rate brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. This threshold is consistent with similar data for external beam irradiation in the head and neck region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Souhami
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D002945:Cisplatin