title: Anti-interleukin-10 antibody restores burn-induced defects in T-cell function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that susceptibility to sepsis after severe injury correlated with reduced production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and a persistence of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). The mechanisms responsible for this effect are not clear. We used a T-dependent antigen to study both the effect of burn injury on antigen-specific Th functions in vivo and the effect of anti-IL-10 antibody on these functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male A/J mice were anesthetized and given a 25% scald burn or a sham burn. On day 0 all mice were immunized with 100 micrograms trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNP) haptenated ovalbumin (TNP-OVA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Mice (10 per group) were given 250 micrograms monoclonal rat antimurine IL-10 antibody (anti-IL-10 MAB) or control rat immunoglobin G (IgG) on day 0 and 100 micrograms anti-IL-10 MAB or IgG on day 2. On day 10 the mice were killed to obtain serum and spleen cells. TNP-specific serum antibody isotype titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Splenocyte proliferation and cytokine-production in response to TNP-OVA or to anti-CD3 MAB were determined by tritiated thymidine incorporation and by ELISA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burn injury resulted in depressed levels of the TNP-specific IgG2a antibody isotype (Th1 dependent), whereas TNP-specific IgG1 and IgE (Th2 dependent) levels were not decreased in burn versus sham burn mice. Anti-IL-10 MAB but not IgG restored the IgG2a response. Burn injury also resulted in reduced TNP-OVA-specific proliferation of splenocytes, whereas anti-CD3 proliferation was equivalent in burn and sham mice. TNP-OVA-specific IL-2 and IFN-gamma production were significantly reduced by burn injury. Anti-IL-10 MAB restored TNP-OVA-specific proliferation and antigen-specific IL-2 and interferon-gamma production by splenocytes from burn mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Burn injury induces the loss of antigen-specific Th1 cell function, and IL-10 acts as a trigger to down-regulate Th1 activity after injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Soberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mannick
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lederer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002056:Burns / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D012016:Reference Values; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D010047:Ovalbumin; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant