title: Reduced bone mass in Dutch adolescents fed a macrobiotic diet in early life.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of a macrobiotic (vegan-type) diet, low in calcium and vitamin D, consumed in early life, on bone mineral during adolescence. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area were measured in 195 adolescents (103 girls, 92 boys) aged 9-15 years, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ninety-three adolescents (43 girls, 50 boys) had followed a macrobiotic diet in childhood, and 102 (60 girls, 42 boys) were control subjects. After adjustment for bone area, weight, height, percent body lean, age, and puberty, BMC was significantly lower in macrobiotic subjects, in boys and girls, respectively, at the whole body, -3.4% and -2.5%, spine, -8.5% and -5.0%, femoral neck, -8.0% and -8.2%, midshaft radius, -6.8% and -5.6%, and also in girls, at the trochanter, -5.8% (p < 0.05). No group differences were observed at the wrist. Group differences were not explained by current calcium adjusted bone mass at age 9-15 years, observations which may hold important implications for fracture risk in later life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Dusseldorp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Vliet
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van de Werken
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Staveren
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002648:Child; D015623:Diet, Macrobiotic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014807:Vitamin D
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D