title: Flexible transnasal endoscopy: is local anaesthetic necessary?
abstract: Prior to flexible transnasal endoscopy (FTE) topical intranasal agents such as cocaine or combinations of a local anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor agent are generally recommended for local anaesthesia, easier access, and better examination of the interior of the nose, especially the middle meatus. This double-blind study involved 60 patients. Each had five per cent cocaine sprayed in one nostril and normal saline in the other. The pain/discomfort and gag scores showed no statistical difference. Forty-two (70 per cent) patients had a moderate/marked deviation of the nasal septum. A significant pain score (3-5) was obtained in 33.3 per cent of cases with the deviation towards the cocaine side and in 37 per cent of cases with the deviation towards the saline side. Ease of procedure scores for both sides were also comparable, when deviation of the nasal septum was taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Salisbury District Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brockbank
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003042:Cocaine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005683:Gagging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000473:pathology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000473:pathology; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018583:Pliability
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003042:Cocaine