title: Alpha2p controls donor preference during mating type interconversion in yeast by inactivating a recombinational enhancer of chromosome III.
abstract: Homothallic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can change mating type as often as every generation by replacing the allele at the MAT locus with a copy of mating type information present at one of two storage loci, HML and HMR, located on either end of chromosome III. Selection of the appropriate donor locus is dictated by a mating type-specific repressor protein, alpha2p: Cells containing alpha2p select HMR, whereas those lacking alpha2p select HML. As a repressor protein, alpha2p binds to DNA cooperatively with the transcriptional activator Mcm1p. Here we show that two alpha2p/Mcm1p-binding sites, DPS1 and DPS2, control donor selection. DPS1 and DPS2 are located approximately 30 kb from the left arm of chromosome III, well removed from HML, HMR, and MAT. Precise deletion of only DPS1 and DPS2 results in random selection of donor loci and in a cells without affecting selection in alpha cells. Reciprocally, deletion of only the alpha2p binding segments in each of these two sites results in selection of the wrong donor loci in alpha cells without affecting preference in a cells. These results suggest that Mcm1p, bound to these two sites in the absence of alpha2p, activates HML as donor. Binding of alpha2p blocks the ability of Mcm1p bound to DPS1 and DPS2 to activate HML, resulting in default selection of HMR as donor. DPS1 and DPS2 also regulate expression of several noncoding RNAs, although deletion of at least one of these RNA loci does not affect donor preference. This suggests that transcriptional activation, rather than transcription of a specific product, is the initiating event in activating the left arm of chromosome III for donor selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fafalios
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Vershon
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Broach
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D026341:Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C062928:MATA2 protein, S cerevisiae; D026341:Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors