title: Increased neopterin in patients with chronic and acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to determine neopterin levels in patients with chronic and acute coronary syndromes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In chronic and acute coronary syndromes the release of different cytokines activates cellular defense. Infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages is detected in the vessel wall as well as in the myocardium. Neopterin, which is a by-product of the guanosine triphosphate-biopterin pathway, is a marker for those activated macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 123 subjects: 1) 21 consecutive patients (17 men, 4 women; mean age +/- SD 66 +/- 15 years, range 31 to 87) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); 2) 62 consecutive patients (50 men, 12 women; mean age 61 +/- 8 years, range 43 to 81) with signs and symptoms of clinically stable coronary artery disease (CAD); and 3) 40 healthy blood donors (28 men, 12 women; mean age 35 +/- 13 years). Neopterin levels were determined with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with AMI before thrombolytic therapy, neopterin levels were significantly higher than levels in patients with CAD and control subjects (13.7 vs. 8.6 and vs. 6.8 nmol/liter, p < 0.0001). Values also differed significantly between patients with CAD and control subjects (p < 0.0001). Neopterin levels in patients with AMI were measured seven times during a 72-h period. Within-group comparison showed significant differences over this period (p < 0.00001). The lowest value (11.4 nmol/liter) was observed after 4 h and differed significantly from the initial value and values after 24 and 72 h (p < 0.05). After 72 h, neopterin increased to 14.9 nmol/liter, a value significantly different from all values other than the initial one. There was no correlation between neopterin and creatine kinase (CK); CK, MB isoenzyme; or lactate dehydrogenase as markers for the extent of the myocardial infarction during the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the hypothesis of an activation of monocytes and macrophages in patients with an acute or chronic coronary syndrome. Neopterin as a marker for macrophage activation is significantly increased in patients with chronic CAD and more pronounced in patients with AMI shortly after the onset of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria. martin.schumacher@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halwachs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tatzber
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fruhwald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zweiker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watzinger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilders-Truschnig
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esterbauer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D019798:Neopterin; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D001708:Biopterins; D019798:Neopterin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase