title: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 synergistically induce the fungicidal activity of murine peritoneal exudate cells against Cryptococcus neoformans through production of gamma interferon by natural killer cells.
abstract: We examined the ability of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 to induce the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) by murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and to stimulate the growth-inhibitory activity of these cells against Cryptococcus neoformans. PEC produced IFN-gamma and NO when stimulated with a combination of IL-12 and IL-18 but little or no IFN-gamma or NO when either cytokine was used alone. PEC anticryptococcal activity was mediated by IFN-gamma and NO production, since it was completely inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody (MAb) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis, respectively. To identify the IFN-gamma-producing cells among PEC stimulated with IL-12 and IL-18, we depleted NK cells, gammadelta T cells, or CD4+ T cells by treating PEC with specific Abs and complement. NK cell depletion strongly suppressed IFN-gamma production and almost completely inhibited NO production and anticryptococcal activity, while depletion of other cells had no such influence. Alternatively, purified NK cells by two cycles of glass adherence and magnetic separation with anti-CD3, -CD4, -CD8, and -B220 MAbs produced a greater amount of IFN-gamma by stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 than unseparated non-glass-adherent PEC. Our results demonstrated that IL-12 and IL-18 synergistically induced NO-dependent anticryptococcal activity of PEC by stimulating NK cells to produce IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020382:Interleukin-18; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020382:Interleukin-18; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma