title: Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival swabs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the west occurs as opthalmia neonatorum, acquired from the mother, or adult paratrachoma which is also associated with current genital tract infection. Accurate rapid laboratory diagnosis facilitates management, but the relative merits of antigen detection or DNA amplification tests are unresolved.
  
  
  METHODS
  A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed which amplified part of the plasmid shared by all the serovars of C trachomatis. Conjunctival swabs were tested using an in house immune dot-blot test (IDBT) for chlamydial lipopolysaccharide antigen, a commercial direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test for chlamydial elementary bodies, and the PCR (DNA extracted using guanidinium lysis buffer).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCR achieved a detection limit of 100 plasmid copies (10 elementary bodies). In a combined retrospective and prospective clinical evaluation, the PCR and IDBT gave identical results with 21 positive and 57 negative eye swabs. However, interpretation of the DFA test required meticulous examination of the stained smear, sometimes by two microscopists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCR is likely to play an increasing role in the diagnosis of ocular C trachomatis infection because of its excellent sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Manchester.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Elnifro
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tullo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001345:Autoradiography; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003235:Conjunctivitis, Inclusion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity