title: The trypanocidal Cape buffalo serum protein is xanthine oxidase.
abstract: Plasma and serum from Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) kill bloodstream stages of all species of African trypanosomes in vitro. The trypanocidal serum component was isolated by sequential chromatography on hydroxylapatite, protein A-G, Mono Q, and Superose 12. The purified trypanocidal protein had a molecular mass of 150 kDa, and activity correlated with the presence of a 146-kDa polypeptide detected upon reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid sequences of three peptide fragments of the 146-kDa reduced polypeptide, ligand affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography of the native protein, and sensitivity to pharmacological inhibitors, identified the trypanocidal material as xanthine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.22). Trypanocidal activity resulted in the inhibition of trypanosome glycolysis and was due to H2O2 produced during catabolism of extracellular xanthine and hypoxanthine by the purine catabolic enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Michael Heidelburger Division of Immunology, NYU Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muranjan
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Otieno-Omondi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Praagh
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grootenhuis
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology; D006019:Glycolysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000254:growth & development*; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000662:veterinary; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase