An historical review of rheumatoid arthritis treatment: 1948 to 1952.
OBJECTIVE
The early responses by practicing physicians to the discovery of the effect of cortisone (compound E) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on acute rheumatoid arthritis in 1948 and their reactions to the drugs' scarcity have been reviewed.


METHODS
Review of the relevant literature in American, British, and European medical journals and some newspapers.


RESULTS
Whereas the effect of the compound E and ACTH was stunning, their scarcity made them unavailable to most physicians. Nevertheless, practicing physicians took a lively interest in the new therapy, as witnessed by the large number of letters with comments and questions to professional journals from all over the world. As expected, most of these were about attempts to find a substitute for cortisone or a way to release it endogenously to a sufficient degree. A few alternative therapies were suggested too, some quite unorthodox. A lively interest was shown by the general public.


CONCLUSIONS
No alternative therapy recommended to treat acute rheumatoid arthritis in lieu of cortisone proved to be effective. The era of scarcity was ended by the discovery of a more efficient method to manufacture cortisone.
Karsh
J
J
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.
Hetenyi
G
G
D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005060:Europe; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003348:Cortisone