title: Reduction of antibacterial drug use in Norwegian fish farming due to vaccination.
abstract: Sales statistics for antibacterial drugs and vaccines intended for use in farmed salmonids in Norway were collected and analysed. In 1993, there was a substantial reduction in annual sales figures for antibacterial drugs, which continued in 1994 and 1995. Oil-adjuvanted vaccines containing antigens against furunculosis were introduced in the fall of 1992. Introduction of oil-adjuvanted vaccines has been the single most important cause for the substantial reduction in use of antibacterial drugs in Norwegian fish farming industry.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Contract Research and Commercial Services, Ltd, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markestad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grave
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005398:Fisheries; D005399:Fishes; D005667:Furunculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D009664:Norway; D012487:Salmonidae; D014611:Vaccination / Q000639:trends / Q000662:veterinary*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D019155:Veterinary Drugs