title: Hemostatic efficacy of a fibrin sealant-based topical agent in a femoral artery injury model: a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of currently available topical hemostatic agents requires the formation of fibrin generated from circulating blood. Fibrin sealant, which is prepared from high concentrations of thrombin and fibrinogen, has been used in liquid form to promote hemostasis during vascular surgery. In a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled fashion, we evaluated a dry dressing of purified, viral-inactivated human fibrinogen and human thrombin in a large animal model of arterial injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dressings were prepared by application of a layer of lyophilized human fibrin sealant or immunoglobulin G (IgG, control) to a silicone backing material. Six anesthetized female Yorkshire pigs (16 to 27 kg) received bilateral, 4 mm longitudinal femoral arteriotomies after surgical exposure of the arteries. The arteriotomies were not closed. In each animal a fibrin sealant dressing was applied to one artery and a control dressing to the other. Each dressing was secured on the arteriotomy by a mechanical device. After application of the dressings, blood flow was restored to each limb for 1 hour. The compressive device was released for 5 seconds at intervals of 15 minutes to assess hemostasis. Blood flow was measured distal to each arteriotomy with a dual-channel flowmeter to adjust equal bilateral compression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood loss (mean +/- SEM) was significantly less from the arteriotomy treated with the fibrin-based dressing compared with the control dressing (4.9 +/- 4.0 ml versus 82.3 +/- 11.1 ml; p = 0.0005). Complete hemostasis was achieved at the first 15-minute interval in five of six arteriotomies treated with fibrin sealant and in none of the six control arteriotomies during 1 hour of assessment (p = 0.03). Blood flow through each femoral artery at baseline was the same in both treatment and control arteries (fibrin sealant, 114.2 +/- 17.4 ml/min; control, 106.7 +/- 16.5 ml/min; p = 0.24) and was not significantly different throughout the experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibrin-based dressings provide effective hemostasis in a large animal model of arterial injury. Further development of these dressings will address optimal formulation and configuration for clinical use. Our results suggest that fibrin-based dressings will be effective in promotion of hemostasis in arterial bleeding, without compromising blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burge
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Drohan
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Alving
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009779:Occlusive Dressings; D011208:Powders; D011897:Random Allocation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D011208:Powders