title: Quantitative research for improving respiratory muscle contraction by breathing exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of breathing exercise on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  324 patients stable COPD were randomly assigned to either the breathing exercise group (Group I) or control group consisting of placebo (Group II). The maximum respiratory pressure (320 cases) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (129 cases) were monitored via RMS-I and Type-2 pressure measurements. The breathing exercises were taught and checked by experienced specialists periodically. Comparison was made between Group I and Group II using maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), diaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax) after 1 to 20 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group I MIP increased by 30.42%, MEP 32.10%, Pdi 30.94% and Pdimax 65.59% (P < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in Group II given the placebo. The MIP, MEP, Pdi and Pdimax were 6.95%, 2.92%, 14.63 and 9.05% respectively (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breathing exercise has a potent and long lasting effect on respiratory muscle contraction. The methods mentioned above can be used as standard quantitative index for contractile properties of respiratory muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing China-Japan Friendship Hospital.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*