title: Penetration of topically applied ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin into the aqueous humor of the uninflamed human eye.
abstract: This study was undertaken to compare aqueous humor penetration of topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% norfloxacin and 0.3% ofloxacin in 63 patients undergoing cataract surgery. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (long-term treatment) involved 30 patients undergoing cataract extraction who received either 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% norfloxacin or 0.3% ofloxacin topical drops. Each patient was preoperatively given a single drop per hour six times. At the time of surgery, 0.1 ml aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber and immediately stored at -70 degrees C. Topically applied ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin achieved mean aqueous humor levels of 2.80 +/- 1.07, 2.95 +/- 1.19 and 1.50 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in intraocular mean aqueous levels of ciprofloxacin versus ofloxacin. Topical ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin achieved mean aqueous humor levels significantly higher than norfloxacin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0008 respectively). Group 2 (short-term treatment) involved 33 patients undergoing cataract extraction who received 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% ofloxacin and 0.3% norfloxacin topical drops. These patients were given one drop at 90 minutes and one drop 30 minutes preoperatively. At the time of surgery, 0.1 ml aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber and immediately stored at -70 degrees C. Topically applied ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin achieved mean aqueous humor levels of 1.11 +/- 0.50, 1.50 +/- 0.62 and 1.20 +/- 0.43 micrograms/ml respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in intraocular mean aqueous humor levels of ofloxacin versus norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin versus norfloxacin. Topical ofloxacin achieved a significantly higher mean aqueous humor level than ciprofloxacin (p < 0.03). All levels were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin for most of the sensitive organisms.
authors.affiliation: University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Akkan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozyazgan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gok
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ozuner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Senses
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pekel
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015817:Eye Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin