title: A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for acute pulmonary embolism. The THESEE Study Group. Tinzaparine ou Heparine Standard: Evaluations dans l'Embolie Pulmonaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-molecular-weight heparin appears to be at least as effective and safe as standard, unfractionated heparin for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, but only limited data are available on the use of low-molecular-weight heparin to treat acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 612 patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism who did not require thrombolytic therapy or embolectomy to either subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (tinzaparin) given once daily in a fixed dose or adjusted-dose, intravenous unfractionated heparin. Oral anticoagulant therapy was begun between the first and the third day and was given for at least three months. We compared the treatments at day 8 and day 90 with respect to a combined end point of recurrent thromboembolism, major bleeding, and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first eight days of treatment, 9 of 308 patients assigned to receive unfractionated heparin (2.9 percent) reached at least one of the end points, as compared,with 9 of 304 patients assigned to low-molecular-weight heparin (3.0 percent; absolute difference, 0.1 percentage point; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.7 to 2.6). By day 90, 22 patients assigned to unfractionated heparin (7.1 percent) and 18 patients assigned to low-molecular-weight heparin (5.9 percent) had reached at least one end point (P=0.54; absolute difference, 1.2 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.7 to 5.1). The risk of major bleeding was similar in the two treatment groups throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, initial subcutaneous therapy with the low-molecular-weight heparin tinzaparin appeared to be as effective and safe as intravenous unfractionated heparin in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sors
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charbonnier
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Laaban
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azarian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bosson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mottier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beau
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012008:Recurrence; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D006493:Heparin