title: Antioxidant deficiency following clam enterocystoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether there is a reduction in serum antioxidant activity in patients who have undergone a clam enterocystoplasty procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPase) activity was measured in 20 patients who had undergone clam enterocystoplasty. Serum selenium concentration was also measured in 62 similar patients and compared with 56 healthy controls and 44 patients with a neuropathic bladder, mainly patients with spinal cord injuries who had not undergone surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GPase activity correlated well with serum selenium measurement. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in serum selenium level in young (< 50 years old) non-neuropathic bladder patients following clam enterocystoplasty. This reduction in serum selenium was similar to that found in both unoperated patients with a neuropathic bladder (who are known to have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer) and those patients with a neuropathic bladder who had undergone augmentation. This reduction was not related to urinary tract infection nor the time since surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduction in serum selenium has been shown to increase susceptibility to bladder cancer following carcinogenic exposure to compounds such as nitrosamines. This study suggests that patients with idiopathic and congenital instability may be at an equally high risk as a result of undergoing this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cardiff Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Barrington
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Stephenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D012643:Selenium