title: Simultaneous in vivo visualization and localization of solid oral dosage forms in the rat gastrointestinal tract by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bioavailability of orally administered drugs is much influenced by the behavior, performance and fate of the dosage form within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, MRI in vivo methods that allow for the simultaneous visualization of solid oral dosage forms and anatomical structures of the GI tract have been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral contrast agents containing Gd-DTPA were used to depict the lumen of the digestive organs. Solid oral dosage forms were visualized in a rat model by a 1H-MRI double contrast technique (magnetite-labelled microtablets) and a combination of 1H- and 19F-MRI (fluorine-labelled minicapsules).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simultaneous visualization of solid oral dosage forms and the GI environment in the rat was possible using MRI. Microtablets could reproducibly be monitored in the rat stomach and in the intestines using a 1H-MRI double contrast technique. Fluorine-labelled minicapsules were detectable in the rat stomach by a combination of 1H- and 19F-MRI in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in vivo 1H-MRI double contrast technique described allows solid oral dosage forms in the rat GI tract to be depicted. Solid dosage forms can easily be labelled by incorporating trace amounts of non-toxic iron oxide (magnetite) particles. 1H-MRI is a promising tool for observing such pharmaceutical dosage forms in humans. Combined 1H- and 19F-MRI offer a means of unambiguously localizing solid oral dosage forms in more distal parts of the GI tract. Studies correlating MRI examinations with drug plasma levels could provide valuable information for the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
authors.affiliation: Knoll AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Christmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seega
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lehr
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005461:Fluorine; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D007501:Iron; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D011522:Protons; D013607:Tablets; D005461:Fluorine; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D007501:Iron; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide