title: Infected total knee arthroplasty. Two-stage reimplantation with a gastrocnemius rotational flap.
abstract: This study reviews a consecutive series of 21 patients undergoing two-stage reimplantation total knee arthroplasty for late chronic infection. All 21 patients had late chronic infections, and 20 of 21 patients were compromised hosts. Seven different organisms were isolated at the time of prosthetic resection. Staphylococcus coagulase negative species was the most frequently isolated organism. At the time of reimplantation, a medial gastrocnemius rotational flap was rotated over the proximal tibia and knee for wound closure. The average explantation time was 25 weeks (range, 7-76 weeks), and no methylmethacrylate spacers were used. At an average 17-month followup (range, 5.1-33.1 months) all reimplanted total knee replacements remained in place with one patient having recurrent infection. At reimplantation, 11 patients had positive bacterial cultures from tissue specimens. Sixteen of the 33 (40%) positive cultures were from specimens taken from the medullary canal. At followup, the average Knee Society Score was 77.4 (range, 40-100). The lack of a methylmethacrylate spacer and a long explantation time were considered important factors in diminishing functional performance and determining the need for a gastrocnemius flap. A medial gastrocnemius rotational flap should be considered at the time of reimplantation total knee arthroplasty if the soft tissue envelope about the knee is compromised and cannot be closed without undue tension.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Patzakis
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Holtom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dorr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps