title: Electrohydraulic lithotripsy: an effective and economical modality of endoscopic ureteric lithotripsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) has been available for endoscopic treatment of urinary calculi since 1960, but the large probe size and concerns regarding safety had previously restricted its use to the treatment of bladder calculi. However, recent refinements have made it particularly suitable for the treatment of ureteric calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report their initial experience using EHL in conjunction with mini-ureteroscopy in the treatment of 94 ureteric calculi in 89 patients. The size of the calculi ranged from 3 to 19 mm in diameter, with a mean of 8.2 mm. The mean operating time was 29 min, ranging from 10 to 120 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A complete fragmentation rate of 91.5% of the calculi was achieved. There were no major complications and a low incidence of minor complications: haematuria (2.2%), urinary tract infection (3.4%) and postoperative ureteric colic (2.2%). There were four cases of minor ureteric perforations (4.5%); all were successfully treated using conservative measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that EHL is a safe and effective method of treating ureteric calculi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toa Payoh Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ch'ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology