title: Systematic review of role of polymerase chain reaction in defining infectiousness among people infected with hepatitis C virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of polymerase chain reaction in defining infectiousness among people infected with hepatitis C virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published studies of hepatitis C transmission were examined. Twenty nine studies with identified sources of hepatitis C infection who were tested for presence of hepatitis C RNA by polymerase chain reaction were reviewed, including studies of vertical transmission (n = 21), transmission after transplantation (n = 3), transfusion of blood components (n = 3), and needlestick exposure (n = 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients identified in studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2022 people who had been exposed to sources positive for antibody to hepatitis C were identified. Among 1148 people exposed to sources positive by polymerase chain reaction 148 cases of transmission occurred compared with no definite case among 874 people exposed to negative sources. Rates of transmission from positive sources were 6.2% for perinatal exposure, 6.1% after needlestick exposure, 78% after solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, and 83% after transfusion of blood components. Other factors influencing risk of vertical transmission were coinfection with HIV and level of hepatitis C viraemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative results by polymerase chain reaction indicate an extremely low probability of transmission of hepatitis C from a person with antibody to hepatitis C.
authors.affiliation: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dore
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaldor
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: McCaughan
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral