title: Reduction of propofol injection pain with a double lumen i.v. set.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if the use of a new double lumen i.v. set (DLIS) decreases the incidence of propofol injection pain compared with single lumen i.v. set (SLIS) administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating rooms in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 adult ASA physical status I and II patients of both genders undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were injected with propofol either through a DLIS or a SLIS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three different pain indices were recorded to be present or absent: (1) verbal report of pain during propofol injection (2) grimacing during propofol injection, and (3) recall of injection pain in the recovery room. When the DLIS was used, the incidence of verbal pain, grimacing during propofol injection, and recall of pain during recovery were lowered significantly by 53%, 46%, and 52%, respectively (chi square analysis of contingency table with Yates correction, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DLIS significantly reduced the incidence of propofol injection pain compared with SLIS. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5117, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Angst
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zupfer
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tataru
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Brock-Utne
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol