Activators and repressors: making use of chromatin to regulate transcription.
Metazoans and yeast use enzymes that modulate histone acetylation and nucleosomal integrity in order to regulate transcription. Repressor complexes deacetylate histones and stabilize nucleosomes. Activator complexes acetylate histones and disrupt nucleosomes. Variation in chromatin structure makes a major contribution to gene regulation. Here we discuss the enzymatic complexes and molecular machines that make use of chromatin to control transcription.
Wolffe
A P
AP
Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5431, USA. awlme@helix.nih.gov
Wong
J
J
Pruss
D
D
D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000502:physiology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
D002843:Chromatin; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors