title: Elevated mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in retinal ganglion cell layer after optic nerve injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies show that exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote retinal ganglion cell survival in vivo and in vitro. BDNF is expressed by a subpopulation of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). To investigate whether endogenous BDNF may play a role in neuronal protection after ganglion cell trauma, BDNF expression in the retina was examined after optic nerve (ON) injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The optic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats was crushed intraorbitally posterior to the optic disc. For controls, the optic nerve on the opposite side in each animal was similarly exposed but was not crushed. After intervals of 6 hours to 6 weeks, eye tissues were processed for in situ hybridization, Northern blot, and RNase protection assay using radiolabeled rat riboprobes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ON injury, BDNF expression was significantly elevated in cells restricted to the GCL, and more cells demonstrated expression of BDNF than were observed in the controls. Elevated BDNF expression was first observed at 24 hours, peaked at 48 hours, and declined to the basal level 2 weeks after ON injury. Quantitative analysis showed a fivefold to sixfold increase in the number of BDNF-positive cells and a 54% increase in BDNF signal intensity in individual cells in the GCL 48 hours after ON injury. In control retinas without ON injury, BDNF expression was localized to some cells in the GCL, as was observed in normal eyes without surgery. Northern blot and RNase protection assay demonstrated a 38% elevation in BDNF expression above control levels 48 hours after ON injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that cells in the GCL can upregulate gene expression of BDNF in response to ganglion cell axonal injury and suggest that endogenous BDNF may contribute to a natural neuroprotective process after ON injury.
authors.affiliation: Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0191, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hefti
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hollyfield
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knusel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger