title: Apoptosis and autoimmunity.
abstract: Apoptotic cell antigens have been identified increasingly as the targets of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. This review examines evidence supporting the hypothesis that apoptotic cells are a primary source of immunogen in lupus, as well as potential mechanisms by which tolerance to apoptotic cells may break down.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D017634:Self Tolerance
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D000939:Epitopes; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II