title: Moderate and exhaustive endurance exercise influences the interferon-gamma levels in whole-blood culture supernatants.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether moderate or exhaustive endurance exercise influences cytokine levels in whole-blood culture supernatants after stimulation. Therefore, eight healthy subjects were first exposed to moderate exercise on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 70% of their 4-mmol/l lactic acid (anaerobic) threshold, and 1 week later to exhaustion (for 90 min) at their anaerobic threshold. Blood samples were taken before, 30 min after and 24 h after each exercise bout. The following lymphocyte subpopulations were determined: CD14-positive(+)/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and that of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Cortisol levels were also determined by ELISA. The lymphocyte subset distribution was observed to be unchanged after moderate exercise. Thirty minutes after exhaustive exercise, the CD16+ count was found to be significantly lower, whereas 24 h later the CD4+ count was significantly higher than pre-exercise counts. Moderate exercise influenced the IFN-gamma production (PHA-stimulated), which increased significantly from 974 (391) pg/ml before exercise to 1450 (498) pg/ml 24 h later. Thirty minutes after exhaustive exercise the IFN-gamma level in the supernatants (SEB-stimulated) was significantly decreased (from 14470 (11840) pg/ml before exercise to 6000 (4950) pg/ml after exercise). The IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production per monocyte was also significantly reduced.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Paderborn, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller-Steinhardt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liesen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirchner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006854:Hydrocortisone