title: The effect of insurance status on likelihood of neonatal interhospital transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of insurance status on the likelihood of interhospital transfer for neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All general acute care nonpediatric hospitals in the five counties of southeastern Pennsylvania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine infants from 0 to 28 days of age admitted to or born in study hospitals between January 1 and December 31, 1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  None. MAINS OUTCOME MEASURE: Transfer to another general or specialty acute care hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence (95% confidence interval) of interhospital transfer was 1.69% (1.60, 1.78). Uninsured infants were nearly twice as likely [relative risk (RR) = 1.96 (1.67, 2.31)] to be transferred as commercially insured infants, even when adjusted for the effects of prematurity, severity of illness, and the level of neonatal intensive care unit in the referring hospital. Similarly, infants with Medicaid were more likely to be transferred [RR = 1.20 (1.01, 1.43)] than similar commercially insured neonates. Uninsured and publicly insured infants were also more likely to be born premature [RR 1.49 (1.39, 1. 60)] than privately insured neonates, and were more likely to have both moderate [RR 1.11 (1.04, 1.23)] and high [RR 1.21 (1.11, 1.32)] illness severity on admission to the hospital than privately insured infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonates with no insurance and those with Medicaid coverage were more likely to be transferred than infants with private insurance. These results are consistent with those of other investigators who have studied financially motivated patient transfers- so-called patient dumping-in nonpediatric populations of patients. Our study may represent the first documentation of this phenomenon in a pediatric population. Our results are also consistent with those of other investigators who have examined the effect of insurance status on maternal interhospital transfer, thus providing further evidence for the existence of financially motivated transfers within regional systems of perinatal care. Future investigation into the effect of economic factors on variation in the utilization of transport services, and on how transfer influences ultimate patient outcome, is needed as managed care health systems become more widespread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Giardino
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Silber
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006302:Health Services Research; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000145:classification; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012041:Regional Medical Programs; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States