title: Botulinum toxin for cricopharyngeal dysphagia: case reports of CT-guided injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The National Institutes of Health have recognized the use of botulinum toxin (Botox) as a therapeutic agent to treat many ophthalmologic and otolaryngologic disorders. There are three reports in the literature regarding the use of Botox to treat cricopharyngeal dysphagia, all describing good results. In the larger study, the toxin was administered under general anaesthetic. This article discusses CT-guided injection of Botox: a relatively noninvasive, out-patient procedure. We also discuss failure of injection in one case and complications in another.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients described experienced improvement in their dysphagia symptoms following injection.
authors.affiliation: Nova Scotia Hearing and Speech Clinic, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins