title: Sotalol for atrial tachycardias after surgery for congenital heart disease.
abstract: Atrial tachycardias, in particular atrial flutter after surgery for congenital heart disease, is associated with a high mortality. Treatment with various antiarrhythmic drugs and/or antitachycardia pacemakers is not very successful. Sotalol, a Class III drug, has shown to be a promising drug in adults with atrial tachycardias. However, the experience with sotalol in children after surgery for congenital heart disease is limited. Therefore, we describe our results here. Between December 1990 and February 1997, 26 children with atrial tachycardias, most of them with atrial flutter or fibrillation (n = 20), after surgery for congenital heart disease were treated with sotalol orally. The age of the children at the start of treatment was 7.5 +/- 5.8 years (mean +/- SD). The time interval between surgery and the start of atrial tachycardia ranged from 1 day to 14.3 years (3.8 +/- 3.8 years). Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 16 out of 22 hemodynamically stable children with a dosage of 4.0 +/- 1.6 mg/kg per day. The six children without sinus rhythm on sotalol and four hemodynamically unstable patients were treated prophylactically with sotalol after DC cardioversion for their tachycardias. Two children complained of mild transient fatigue. Heart rate decreased during therapy (95 +/- 33 vs 81 +/- 21 beats/min; P = 0.01). QTc-intervals did not change. Proarrhythmias such as torsades de pointes were not encountered. Two children with a preexistent sick sinus syndrome showed aggravation of bradycardia and needed pacemaker implantation. The percentage of children with a recurrence-free interval of 1 and 2 years was 96% and 81%, respectively, for all atrial tachycardias, and 92% and 66% for atrial flutter. The recurrences of atrial tachycardias during the follow-up period, which ranged from 0.1-6.1 years (2.5 +/- 1.8 years) could be treated with only an increase of the dosage of sotalol in all but one patient. We conclude that sotalol is an effective drug for the treatment and prevention of atrial tachycardia in children after surgery for congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Beatrix Children's Hospital, Division off Pediatric Cardiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Beaufort-Krol
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bink-Boelkens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002648:Child; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013015:Sotalol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D013015:Sotalol