title: The pulmonary inflammatory response to experimental fecal peritonitis: relative roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and endotoxin.
abstract: The roles of endotoxin (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the causation of organ injury during sepsis are unclear. To study LPS and TNF-alpha in the genesis of lung inflammation after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we used endotoxin-resistant (C3H/HeJ) and endotoxin-sensitive mice (C3H/HeOuJ). We examined lung neutrophil sequestration, interleukin 1 (IL-1)beta mRNA expression, IL-1 beta protein expression, and injury. We also determined the expression of two C-X-C chemokine mRNAs, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and KC, in the lung to determine whether in vivo, endotoxin, or TNF-alpha are significant modulators of MIP-2 and KC mRNA expression. After CLP, increased neutrophils sequestrated in the lungs of both strains of mice and coincided with an increase in expression of IL-1 beta, MIP-2 and KC mRNAs, and IL-1 beta protein. Lung and serum TNF-alpha were significantly increased in the C3H/HeOuJ strain but not in the C3H/HeJ strain. Histologic studies of the lung revealed similar injury in both strains. Our results suggest that bacterial factors other than endotoxin cause lung neutrophil sequestration and injury after CLP and, further, that TNF-alpha production is not a prerequisite. Our findings also suggest a potential role for local pulmonary chemokine production in the control of neutrophil sequestration after CLP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mercer-Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinzelmann
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peyton
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wickel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Cheadle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004731:Endotoxins; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D015846:Monokines / Q000235:genetics; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011677:Punctures; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015846:Monokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C074302:keratinocyte-derived chemokines; D009195:Peroxidase