title: Recombinant viruses as vaccines and immunological tools.
abstract: Recombinant viruses have been investigated as candidate vaccines, and have also been used extensively as immunological tools. Recent advances in this area include the following: the construction and testing of a recombinant simian immunodeficiency virus encoding human interferon-gamma; the development of new vectors such as recombinant poliovirus; and the generation of polyepitope vaccines. Basic immunological research has benefited from the use of recombinant viruses to further understand the role of molecules such as CD40 ligand, nitric oxide and interleukin-4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Monbijoustrasse 2, D-10117, Berlin, Germany. rolph@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rolph
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012449:Safety; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines