[Catecholamine and dopamine].
Almost all the genes of the enzymes which synthesize and metabolize the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) have been cloned and the gene targeting technology have been applied to introduce the gene knockout mouse such as thyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta hydroxylase. At least nine adrenergic receptors and five dopamine receptors have been cloned, which include alpha 1A-, alpha 1 B-, alpha 1 D-, alpha 2 A-, alpha 2B-, alpha 2C-, beta 1-, beta 2-, beta 3-adrenergic receptors and D1-, D2-, D3-, D4-, D5-dopamine receptors. Transgenic mouse as well as gene knockout mouse of these genes have been also produced. Furthermore, intracellular signal transduction systems of the catecholamines have been clarified using molecular techniques, including nine subtypes of adenylyl cyclase. Using these cloned genes and transgenic and gene knockout mouse, more detailed features of the catecholamine systems and those receptors and intracellular signal transduction systems will be clarified in near future.
Umemura
S
S
Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University.
Ebina
T
T
Toya
Y
Y
Ishikawa
Y
Y
Yasuda
G
G
D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D051379:Mice; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000235:genetics; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction
D002395:Catecholamines; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D004298:Dopamine