title: Antibiotic use in the Australian community, 1990-1995.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pattern of antibiotic use in the Australian community, 1990-1995, and compare it with the pattern in other developed countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of data from the national database on drugs dispensed in Australia (1990-1995), an international database on retail drug sales (1985-1994), and Australian prescriber surveys (1994, 1995).
  
  
  METHODS
  National and international retail sales of oral antibiotics (defined daily doses [DDDs]/1000 population/day) and antibiotic prescriptions dispensed through community pharmacies by drug type; antibiotic prescribing profiles for common conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibiotic use in Australia remained steady between 1990 and 1995, with an estimated 24.7 DDDs/1000 population/day dispensed through community pharmacies in 1990 and 24.8 DDDs/1000 population/day in 1995. Amoxycillin, although declining in use, remained the most dispensed antibiotic. Compared with the other countries surveyed, Australia had the highest percentage use of tetracyclines, such as doxycycline, and the lowest percentage use of fluoroquinolones. Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and flucloxacillin declined in Australia. In new cases of upper respiratory tract infection or pharyngitis, an antibiotic prescription was recorded for 57% of urban patient encounters and 73% of rural patient encounters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic use in Australia is high, as in many other developed countries, but did not increase between 1990 and 1995. The overall profile of antibiotic use in Australia by drug class was similar to that in the United Kingdom. Antibiotics were still commonly prescribed for upper respiratory tract infection (which is usually viral), more commonly by rural than by urban general practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Drug Utilization Sub-Committee, Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra, ACT. peter.mcmanus@health.gov.au
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Whicker
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Primrose
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mant
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Fairall
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents