title: New surgical concepts: nasal tip function.
abstract: Since the birth of plastic surgery, rhinoplasty has been an outstanding chapter. Facial balance has been endeavoured with two parameters: size and shape. Now, however, the criterion for harmony has involved two more parameters; position and function. Position is related to other facial elements, such as, upper maxilla, upper lip, forehead, and frontonasal sulcus. Function is important because nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) muscles are important for Nasal tip movement. To understand this better, we must analyze the nasal SMAS, which consists of primary or intrinsic and secondary or extrinsic muscles. When the extrinsics contract, they allow function of the intrinsics. They are the ala nasalis dilator, the ala nasalis elevator, the tranversus, and the tip depressor. Obvious hypertrophies of the dilator and the elevator has been observed in young athletes. Our method combines conventional, new, and modern aspects. It is conventional because the alar cartilages have been completely freed by intercartilaginous and marginal approaches, and the upper or lower border trimmed according to the case. It is more important to measure how much cartilage is left, than how much is removed. The new aspect is consideration of nasal SMAS to treat short noses that display a tendency to descend with laughter, and the modern aspect is the evaluation of dynamic surgical results, apart from the static.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Privado de Cirugia Plástica, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Zavalla
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Zanetta
mesh_terms: D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*