title: Probability of successful defibrillation at multiples of the defibrillation energy requirement in patients with an implantable defibrillator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The probability of successful defibrillation has been determined in normal animals but not in patients undergoing defibrillator implantation. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective study was to determine the probability of successful defibrillation in humans on the basis of a step-down defibrillation energy requirement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three consecutive patients underwent five separate inductions of ventricular fibrillation after the defibrillation energy requirement was determined with the use of small decrements and a step-down protocol (20, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.8 J). The first shock energy for defibrillation was either 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, or 2.0 times the defibrillation energy requirement, and the likelihoods of successful defibrillation were 70+/-27%, 84+/-12%, 86+/-25%, 80+/-29%, and 88+/-32%, respectively (P=.03). The frequencies of uniformly successful defibrillation (5 of 5 defibrillation attempts) were 30%, 27%, 60%, 64%, and 73%, respectively (P=.01). Seven patients in whom the defibrillation energy requirement was <4 J had an overall rate of successful defibrillation of 54+/-20% compared with 86+/-20% in the remaining 47 patients (P=.002). The likelihood of successful defibrillation at twice the defibrillation energy requirement was 98% in the 46 patients with a defibrillation energy requirement of >4 J and 67% in the 7 patients with a defibrillation energy requirement of <4 J (P=.17). An absolute safety margin of 7 J was associated with a 96% probability of successful defibrillation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of successful defibrillation is 70% at the defibrillation energy requirement. The probability plateaus at 88%, at twice the defibrillation energy requirement. A 96% probability of successful defibrillation is achieved at an absolute safety margin of 7 J, and a 98% success rate is achieved at energies that are twice the defibrillation energy requirement if the defibrillation energy requirement is >4 J. If the defibrillation energy requirement is <4 J, larger multiples of the defibrillation energy requirement are needed to achieve a high probability of successful defibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Ctr, Ann Arbor 48109-0022, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strickberger
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogun
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morady
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies