title: Racing-related factors and results of prerace physical inspection and their association with musculoskeletal injuries incurred in thoroughbreds during races.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare data from Thoroughbreds that sustained musculoskeletal injuries while racing with data from matched control horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  216 Thoroughbreds that sustained a musculoskeletal injury while racing and 532 horses from the same races that were not injured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding racing history, race-entrant characteristics, racing events determined by analysis of videotapes of races, and results of prerace physical inspections were determined for all horses. Injured horses were compared with control horses by using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of prerace inspection by regulatory veterinarians were significantly associated with injury. Odds of musculoskeletal injury, injury of the suspensory apparatus of the forelimb, and injury of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle of the forelimb were 5.5 to 13.5 times greater among horses assessed to be at increased risk of injury by regulatory veterinarians on the basis of results of prerace inspection than for horses not considered to be at increased risk of injury. Odds of an abnormal finding in the suspensory ligament during prerace inspection were 3.4 times greater among horses that injured the suspensory apparatus than among control horses, and odds of an abnormal finding in the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle during prerace inspection were 15 times greater among horses that injured the tendon than among control horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regulatory veterinarians can identify horses during prerace physical inspection that have an increased risk of injury during races. Prerace physical inspections could be used to reduce the risk of injury to Thoroughbreds during races.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4475, USA.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Peloso
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Misheff
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Honnas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000293:injuries; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries*; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries; D013177:Sports