title: Combined-modality therapy for squamous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: treatment results and prognostic factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports on locoregional control and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa are scarce in literature. In this study, a single institutions's experience of combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for buccal mucosal malignancy with favorable results was analyzed and presented. The prognostic factors on locoregional control were also discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1988 to July 1994, 57 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa treated by surgery and RT were reviewed. The distributions according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging were: stage II, 6; stage III, 21; and stage IV, 30 patients. Total dose of RT at the buccal area ranged from 45 Gy to 68.4 Gy, median 61.2 Gy. Tumor-related factors (AJCC stage, T stage, histologic grading, pathologic tumor invasion to skin of cheek, adjacent bony structures, and regional lymph nodes) and treatment-related factors (surgical margin, radiation dose, and the time interval between operation and RT) were analyzed to determine their influence on locoregional control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-year actuarial locoregional control rate, overall survival rate, and disease-specific survival rates were 64%, 55%, and 62%, respectively. Ten of these 22 patients (45%) with recurrent tumors were reoperated, but only 2 patients were successfully salvaged. Positive surgical margin and tumor invasion to skin of cheek were significantly poor prognostic factors on locoregional control by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, tumor invasion to skin of cheek was the only prognostic factor (p = .0014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locoregional failure was the major cause of death for squamous buccal mucosa cancers managed with surgery and RT. Few recurrences could be detected early and successfully salvaged. Skin of cheek involvement is an important prognostic factor for buccal mucosa cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung, Chang Gung Medical College, Taoyuan, Kaohsiung, Hsien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002610:Cheek / Q000473:pathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012086:Reoperation; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome