title: Soluble E-selectin levels in sepsis and critical illness. Correlation with infection and hemodynamic dysfunction.
abstract: E-selectin, an early mediator of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, is expressed on activated endothelium. Soluble E-selectin is present in the supernatant of cytokine-activated endothelial cells and elevated serum levels are found in a variety of inflammatory conditions. We documented elevated E-selectin serum levels in 119 critically ill medical ICU patients (log transformed mean E-selectin level, measured by ELISA, was 5.28 ng/ml) compared to normal volunteers (1 ng/ml). Forty-three patients with culture-positive sepsis had higher (p < 0.05) E-selectin levels (15.39 ng/ml) than 24 patients with culture-negative sepsis (4.87 ng/ml), 44 with noninfectious SIRS (2.33 ng/ml), and eight without SIRS (1.97 ng/ml). E-selectin levels related strongly to the degree of hemodynamic compromise (p < 0.0001). Further analysis demonstrated microbiological status and hemodynamic status to be independent variables related to E-selectin level. Day 1 E-selectin levels correlated positively with peak organ failure score over the course of ICU hospitalization (r = 0.30, p = 0.001) and were higher (p < 0.05) for nonsurvivor (10.61 ng/ml, n = 26) than survivors (4.35 ng/ml, n = 93). We conclude that soluble E-selectin levels are higher in serum of patients with microbiologically documented sepsis than in other critically ill medical ICU patients. Day 1 E-selectin levels correlate highly with hemodynamic compromise and modestly with subsequent organ dysfunction and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virigina Hospitals/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23219-0050, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sessler
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016638:Critical Illness; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012995:Solubility; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin