title: [Therapy of heart failure. II. Therapy of chronic heart failure].
abstract: Current medical treatment of chronic heart failure makes use of a combination of diuretics, cardiac glycosides and ACE inhibitors. The latter have improved the chances of survival of patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency. The combination of hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate also improves survival, but direct comparison of both regimens provided evidence for a less favourable effect than that of the ACE inhibitors. Inhibition of neuroendocrine activation has been demonstrated only for ACE inhibitors and cardiac glycosides. The use of beta blockers represents a new therapeutic strategy that over the long term improves cardiomyocyte function, cardiac output at rest, and physical performance. For this indication, however, beta blockers should be used with extreme caution and at very low initial doses. New approaches in the area of clinical research are, for example, calcium sensitizers, modulators of intracellular calcium and/or sodium homeostasis, imidazolin receptor antagonists with an action on the central nervous system and AT1 receptor antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schwinger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdmann
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics