title: Preservation of hatchery waste by lactic acid fermentation. 2. Large-scale fermentation and feeding trial to evaluate feeding value.
abstract: Two waste streams from a Leghorn hatchery were preserved and recycled by fermentation with a by-product carbohydrate and extrusion processing into new feed ingredients that were evaluated with broiler chickens. Cockerel chicks (CC) and a 60:40 ratio of CC:shell waste (CC:SW) were fermented in 189-L barrels for 21 d following grinding, then mixing with a liquid culture (0.2%) and carbohydrate source at 15 and 16.66%, respectively. At 2 wk, pH was 4.44 and 5.09 for the CC and CC:SW products compared with higher values of 6.54 and 6.98 for the raw ingredients at the onset. Negligible hydrogen sulfide and no ammonia gas were recorded during the fermentation period. At 21 d, the fermented CC and CC:SW were extruded, dried, and ground to meals containing CP and TMEn levels of 47.4%, 3,187 kcal/kg, and 33.1%, 2,696 kcal/kg, respectively. Broiler chickens were fed a control diet and the CC (5 and 10%) and CC:SW (2.5 and 5%) ingredient diets with corn and soybean meal for 6 wk to evaluate feeding value and carcass yield. Body weight, gain and feed conversion at 42 d for birds fed diets supplemented with CC or CC:SW at all levels were comparable to those of the control. Diets supplemented with hatchery by-product had no negative effect on carcass measurements except ready to cook carcass and wing yield, which were significantly greater for the 10% CC:SW birds than for the control. These data indicate that nutrient dense hatchery by-products can be preserved with fermentation up to 21 d and support broiler live performance and carcass yield as dietary ingredients equal to or better than a corn-soybean meal control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-3501, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid