Acutely administered melatonin reduces oxidative damage in lung and brain induced by hyperbaric oxygen.
Hyperbaric oxygen exposure rapidly induces lipid peroxidation and cellular damage in a variety of organs. In this study, we demonstrate that the exposure of rats to 4 atmospheres of 100% oxygen for 90 min is associated with increased levels of lipid peroxidation products [malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA)] and with changes in the activities of two antioxidative enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR)], as well as in the glutathione status in the lungs and in the brain. Products of lipid peroxidation increased after hyperbaric hyperoxia, both GPX and GR activities were decreased, and levels of total glutathione (reduced+oxidized) and glutathione disulfide (oxidized glutathione) increased in both lung and brain areas (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, and cerebellum) but not in liver. When animals were injected with melatonin (10 mg/kg) immediately before the 90-min hyperbaric oxygen exposure, all measurements of oxidative damage were prevented and were similar to those in untreated control animals. Melatonin's actions may be related to a variety of mechanisms, some of which remain to be identified, including its ability to directly scavenge free radicals and its induction of antioxidative enzymes via specific melatonin receptors.
Pablos
M I
MI
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7762, USA.
Reiter
R J
RJ
Chuang
J I
JI
Ortiz
G G
GG
Guerrero
J M
JM
Sewerynek
E
E
Agapito
M T
MT
Melchiorri
D
D
Lawrence
R
R
Deneke
S M
SM
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000447:Aldehydes; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D008550:Melatonin