title: Opposite effect of intracellular Ca2+ and protein kinase C on the expression of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 in mouse skeletal muscle.
abstract: The level of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 (IRK1) mRNA decreased upon denervation and increased during muscle differentiation in mouse skeletal muscle. To identify the mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of IRK1 mRNA expression, we examined its expression using the well differentiated C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cell line as a model system. Since nerve-induced muscle activity results in contraction, it was questioned whether the changes in IRK1 expression might be relevant to the increased intracellular calcium that functions as a cytoplasmic messenger in excitation-contraction coupling. Indeed, activation of either L-type calcium channels or ryanodine receptors increased the level of IRK1 mRNA. More directly, ionomycin activated the IRK1 expression in time- and dose-dependent manners, which was abolished by treatment with EGTA. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also abolished the stimulating effect of ionomycin. Meanwhile, activation of protein kinase C by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) markedly decreased the level of IRK1 mRNA, which required ongoing protein synthesis. Actinomycin D experiments revealed that ionomycin increased the half-life of IRK1 mRNA from 0.86 to 1.97 h, but TPA decreased it to 0.38 h. However, neither ionomycin nor TPA appreciably altered the rate of IRK1 gene transcription. Based on these observations, we conclude that intracellular calcium and protein kinase C are oppositely involved in the muscle activity-dependent regulation of IRK1 gene expression and that both act at the level of mRNA stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Research Center for Cell Differentiation, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D019833:Genistein; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007529:Isoflavones; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015759:Ionomycin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium