title: CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of solitary pulmonary nodules: a prospective, randomized study of immediate cytologic evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immediate cytologic assessment during CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of operable indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty patients with SPN undergoing CT-guided FNAC were divided into two groups. In the first one (group A, 110 patients), a cytologist assessed the adequacy of the sample obtained immediately, and when the sample was considered inadequate, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was repeated. In the second group (B, 110 patients), an immediate cytologic examination was not performed, but only a gross assessment by the surgeon. Histologic study of the SPN was possible in 217 cases, whereas three patients were followed up radiologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate samples were obtained in 100% of group A and 88% of group B (p<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy was 99% in group A and 81% in group B (p<0.001). Group A required a mean of 1.22 FNAs compared with 1.10 in group B (p=0.015). The rate of pneumothorax in the whole series was 24%, and statistically significant differences between the two groups were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate cytologic study significantly increased the adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided FNAC of indeterminate SPNs without causing a significant increase of complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Thoracopulmonary Surgery, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico Hospital, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santambrogio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nosotti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bellaviti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavoni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Radice
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caputo
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed