title: Overt and covert sexual abuse: relationship to body image and eating disturbance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To separate forms of overt and covert sexual abuse and assess their independent contribution to the development of body image and eating disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new measure was developed--the Covert-Overt Sexual Abuse Questionnaire (COSAQ)--and correlated with levels of body image, eating disturbance, social desirability, self-esteem, and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses on three independent samples yielded two distinct subscales which were labelled Overt and Covert. Each scale had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Regression analyses demonstrated the ability of the Covert factor to explain variance associated with body image disturbance and eating dysfunction beyond that accounted for by levels of social desirability, self-esteem, depression, and overt sexual abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the importance of a more "subtle" form of early trauma--covert sexual abuse--in the development of body image and eating-related problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620-8200, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012742:Sex Offenses