title: Improvement of host response to sepsis by photobiomodulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Late sepsis causes immunosuppression and is associated with energy depletion in lymphocytes. Adjuvant treatment with ATP-MgCL2 appears to improve cellular energetics and decrease mortality. Laser irradiation can promote cell proliferation and increase cellular ATP synthesis, which may improve the host immune response in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether laser irradiation (LI) has a stimulatory effect on the immune response in sepsis using an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat model was used. Thirty-six SD rats were divided equally among four groups: control (nonoperative), sham operation, CLP treated with laser irradiation, and CLP without laser irradiation. The peritoneal cavity of each animal in CLP/laser group was irradiated immediately after CLP using an Argon-dye laser at a wavelength of 630 nm and at a fluence of 5 J/cm2. Some animals were euthanized 24 hr following CLP and were used to evaluate the immune response (lymphocyte proliferation). In a separate experiment, the survival of septic rats was observed for 60 days. Lymphocytes isolated from normal rat spleens were used to observe for biostimulatory effects in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LI significantly improved ex-vivo lymphocyte proliferation of cells from septic rats (179.7 +/- 17.2 vs. 129.5 +/- 7.8; P < 0.01) and enhanced survival in septic rats (79% vs. 42%; P < 0.001). LI significantly stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of mitogenic stimuli and enhanced lymphocyte ATP synthesis (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LI improves the host immune response and survival rate in sepsis in an animal model. Our studies suggest that LI may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rochester General Hospital, New York 14621, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lanzafame
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D002429:Cecal Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000276:immunology; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate