title: Lung cancer.
abstract: The primary prevention of lung cancer is to avoid and decrease the use of tobacco. Further research could include studying the effects of culture, ethnicity, and geographic location on smoking. Education needs to start early in the educational systems. At present there are programs for primary grades on drug and alcohol abuse and how to say "no." Education also needs to include the family when the parents are smokers, as their children are exposed to second-hand smoke and are led by example. Certain religious groups believe it is their duty to keep healthy and, therefore, do not smoke. These groups may be able to provide some answers as to how to prevent people from smoking. Prevention--it is our real hope.
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology