title: Clinical assessment and management of stage T3 prostate cancer.
abstract: The early recurrence of prostate cancer originally staged as locally more than T2 and nonmetastatic, cast doubts over the adequacy of the staging of this form of the disease. Monotherapy with curative intent, either by radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy, results in around half of the patients failing within 5 years. While improvements in staging of the disease are essential, the early results of combined modality therapy, particularly the combination of neo-adjuvant hormones and surgery, have been disappointing. Neo-adjuvant maximal androgen blockade followed by radiotherapy does appear to offer survival benefit for patients with locally advanced disease, and other studies combining radiotherapy adjuvant hormonal therapy and surgery with routine postoperative with radiotherapy are eagerly awaited. Combination therapy might not give the hoped-for additive effects of the two therapies, but almost certainly will give an increased incidence of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Newling
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000175:diagnosis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010173:Palpation; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists