title: PPAR alpha structure-function relationships derived from species-specific differences in responsiveness to hypolipidemic agents.
abstract: The nuclear receptor PPAR alpha is a key regulatory transcription factor in lipid homeostasis, some liver detoxification processes and the control of inflammation. Recent findings suggest that many hypolipidemic drugs and anti-inflammatory agents can potentially act by binding to PPAR alpha and inducing its activity. Here, we identify some structure-function relationships in PPAR alpha, by using the species-specific responsiveness to the two hypolipidemic agents, Wy 14,643 and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA). We first show that the species-specific differences are mediated primarily via the ligand binding domain of the receptor and that these two drugs are indeed ligands of PPAR alpha. By mutagenesis analyses we identify amino acid residues in the ligand binding domains of Xenopus, mouse and human PPAR alpha, that confer preferential responsiveness to ETYA and Wy 14,643. These findings will aid in the development of new synthetic PPAR alpha ligands as effective therapeutics for lipid-related diseases and inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie animale, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Devchand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perroud
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wahli
mesh_terms: D015117:5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008830:Microbodies / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015117:5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid; C006253:pirinixic acid