title: Renal functions of enuretic and nonenuretic children: hypernatriuria and kaliuresis as causes of nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiologic cause(s) of primary nocturnal enuresis. Therefore, electrolyte concentrations of urine specimens were evaluated in the morning, and alterations compared between enuretics and nonenuretics.
  
  
  METHODS
  First morning urine specimens of 27 enuretics and 21 nonenuretic subjects fed the same diet were collected, and urinary electrolytes were measured. The urinary Ca/Cr ratio, tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (TRP) and fractional sodium (FE Na%) and potassium excretions (FE K%) were determined for patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the Ca/Cr ratio and TRP between patients and controls, but enuretic patients had significantly higher FE Na% and FE K% values than controls (p < 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between FE Na% and (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) FE K% and the frequency of bedwetting, respectively, among enuretic patients (r = 0.54, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since Na and K excretion of enuretic patients was higher than in nonenuretics, it can be concluded that there may be a benign hereditary and/or postural renal tubular handling disorder of Na and K in enuretic children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Celal Bayer University Research Hospital, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vurgun
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Gümüş
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ece
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tarhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D010758:Phosphorus; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium