title: The effects of isoproterenol on the cardiac conduction system: site-specific dose dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoproterenol is used to assess and facilitate AV nodal conduction, and thus potentiate the induction of supraventricular arrhythmias. It is commonly administered in increasing doses until a predetermined decrease in sinus cycle length, usually 20% to 30%, occurs. This regimen may result in undesirable side effects. We have observed that effects of isoproterenol on the AV node may occur prior to achieving the target sinus cycle length. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sinus and AV nodes have equal sensitivity to isoproterenol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight consecutive patients, who underwent electrophysiologic evaluation for a variety of indications, were given incremental doses of isoproterenol at 0.007, 0.014, 0.021, and 0.028 microgram/kg per minute. Sinus cycle length and AV node function were assessed at baseline and after 5 minutes at each dose. The percent change from baseline in AV node function was compared with the change in sinus cycle length at each dose interval. Significantly greater decreases were observed in the anterograde and retrograde AV nodal Wenckebach cycle length (P < 0.0001) than in the sinus cycle length at the lowest isoproterenol dose (0.007 microgram/kg per min). These differences were not apparent at higher doses. A sustained supraventricular tachycardia was inducible in 15 of 38 patients in the presence of isoproterenol, of which 40% occurred at the lowest dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AV node is more sensitive than the sinus node to the effects of isoproterenol. Lower doses of isoproterenol than those commonly used may often facilitate the induction of a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, thus reducing side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cossú
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chmielewski
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Buxton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D007545:Isoproterenol