title: Furosemide does not prevent indomethacin-induced renal side effects in preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether furosemide could prevent renal side effects of indomethacin (INN, indometacin) used for the pharmacologic closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six preterm infants with birth weights < 1750 gm affected by hemodynamically significant PDA were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Group 1 consisted of 18 infants treated with three doses of indomethacin (0.20 mg/kg every 12 hours); each dose was followed by a dose of furosemide (1 mg/kg). Group 2 consisted of 18 infants treated only with the same doses of indomethacin. Body weight, urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa+) and potassium (FEK+), and osmolal and free water clearance were evaluated in both groups before, during, and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The body weight trend, serum sodium, chloride and potassium concentrations, plasmatic and urinary osmolality were similar during the treatment in both the groups. A significant reduction of urine output (p < 0.01) was detected in group 2 but not in group 1. A significant increase of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was detected at the end of treatment in group 1 compared with group 2. During the treatment, a significantly higher GFR (p < 0.05) was found in group 2 than in group 1. FENa+ and FEK+ were significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2 during and after the treatment. The osmolol clearance and free water clearance were significantly higher during and after treatment (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that furosemide cannot prevent the indomethacin-induced renal failure, but it does not have any negative influence on its therapeutic effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zecca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papacci
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: De Carolis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortorolo
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005865:Gestational Age; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D014554:Urination
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide; D007213:Indomethacin