title: The intravertebral vacuum phenomenon ("vertebral osteonecrosis"). Migration of intradiscal gas in a fractured vertebral body?
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective cohort.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of the association between contiguous intervertebral disc and vertebral collapses with or without an intravertebral vacuum phenomenon.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The mechanism of occasional gas accumulation within some vertebral collapses is poorly known. The current hypothesis is that this phenomenon is indicative of bone ischemia. In fact, avascular necrosis as the main pathologic event remains speculative, and should not explain per se the presence of gas within a vertebral body.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of the prevalence of intervertebral disc vacuum phenomenon adjacent to the affected vertebral body in 23 cases of intravertebral vacuum phenomenon in 19 patients (intravertebral vacuum phenomenon group) and in 708 osteoporotic collapses without intravertebral vacuum phenomenon in 199 patients (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in sex and age between the two groups, and all the patients in the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon group had signs of underlying osteoporosis. A vacuum phenomenon in at least one intervertebral disc adjacent to the collapses on radiographs, conventional tomography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging was found in 19 cases (83%) in the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon group, compared with 13% in the control group (P < 0.0001). Considering plain radiographs only, this association was found in 50% of the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon group and in 9.7% of the control group (P < 0.0001). The intervertebral and intravertebral gaseous collections were connected through a fractured endplate in six cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of the association of contiguous intervertebral and intravertebral vacuum phenomenon could have implications in the pathogenesis of the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon. We hypothesize that the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon could simply be the result of migration of an intradiscal-gaseous collection through the fractured endplate of some osteoporotic collapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lafforgue
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chagnaud
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Daumen-Legré
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasbarian
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Acquaviva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005740:Gases