title: Neurodevelopmental dysfunction among nonreferred children with idiopathic megalencephaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether nonreferred children with idiopathic megalencephaly show evidence of specific neurodevelopmental dysfunction compared with sibling control subjects and age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, case-control study in a large, suburban pediatric practice. Subjects included 20 children between the ages of 6 and 15 years with a head circumference at greater than the 98th percentile, 19 siblings of these children with normalsize heads, and 16 age-matched control subjects. Standardized tests of language, academic achievement, visuomotor integration, motor function, and neurodevelopmental function were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis, with control for age, showed a main effect for the presence of megalencephaly (F = 3.2; p < 0.05). Follow-up univariate analyses, with control for age, showed that children with megalencephaly had poorer performance on tasks of upper limb speed, visuomotor control, running speed, bilateral coordination, visuomotor integration, naming fluency, and minor neurologic indicators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between idiopathic megalencephaly and external hydrocephalus in infants is discussed. Results show that so-called "benign" idiopathic megalencephaly in nonreferred school-age children appears to be a clinical entity associated with subtle motor problems and neurodevelopmental dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Olson Huff Center for Child Development, Thoms Rehabilitation Hospital, Asheville, North Carolina 28813-0025, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Christian
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development; D002663:Child Language; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology