title: Cardiovascular responses during effortful active coping and acute experience of anger in women.
abstract: This study addresses the question of whether effortful active coping and anger provocation add in their effects on cardiovascular responses. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses of 64 female students were collected during an active versus nonactive coping task with and without provocation. After a baseline period, women did mental arithmetic (active coping) or read numbers aloud (nonactive coping). Half of each group was then additionally provoked. Ratings of the emotional states (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) indicate that provocation led to an increase in anger, but not in fear or negative or positive affect. Effortful active coping and provocation elevated cardiovascular activity. Although active coping enhanced all cardiovascular variables, provocation particularly affected HR and DBP. The effects of active coping and provocation on HR and DBP but not on SBP were additive and probably were produced by different physiological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany. bongard@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bongard
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: al'Absi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hodapp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Linnenkemper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors