title: The amyloid beta-protein of Alzheimer's disease increases acetylcholinesterase expression by increasing intracellular calcium in embryonal carcinoma P19 cells.
abstract: One of the characteristic changes that occurs in Alzheimer's disease is the loss of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from both cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the brain. However, AChE activity is increased around amyloid plaques. This increase in AChE may be of significance for therapeutic strategies using AChE inhibitors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of amyloid beta-protein (A beta), the major component of amyloid plaques, on AChE expression. A beta peptides spanning residues 1-40 or 25-35 increased AChE activity in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. A peptide containing a scrambled A beta(25-35) sequence did not stimulate AChE expression. To examine the possibility that the increase in AChE expression was mediated by an influx of calcium through voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), drugs acting on VDCCs were tested for their effects. Inhibitors of L-type VDCCs (diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil), but not N- or P- or Q-type VDCCs, resulted in a decrease in AChE expression. Agonists of L-type VDCCs (maitotoxin and S(-)-Bay K 8644) increased AChE expression. As L-type VDCCs are known to be modulated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, the effect of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin was also examined. Forskolin stimulated AChE expression, an action that was blocked by the L-type VDCC antagonist nifedipine. The A beta(25-35)induced increase in AChE expression was mediated by an L-type VDCC, as the effect was also blocked by nifedipine. The results suggest that the increase in AChE expression around amyloid plaques could be due to a disturbance in calcium homeostasis involving the opening of L-type VDCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sberna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sáez-Valero
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beyreuther
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Small
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D035964:Oxocins; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D002118:Calcium; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004110:Diltiazem; D008387:Marine Toxins; D009543:Nifedipine; D035964:Oxocins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014700:Verapamil; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); C020394:maitotoxin; D000095702:Polyether Toxins