title: Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterosacral ligament.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate steroid hormone receptor status in the uterosacral ligament, a structure that contributes to pelvic support.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study was conducted by sampling the uterosacral ligaments from 25 consecutive women undergoing hysterectomy by the primary author for nonmalignant conditions. Using immunohistochemical staining techniques, uterosacral ligaments were assessed for the presence and location of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Positive and negative controls were used. Confirmation of the uterosacral ligament was performed histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using commercially available monoclonal antibodies, estrogen and progesterone receptors were detected in the nuclei of smooth muscle cells of the uterosacral ligament in all patients, regardless of variations in age, race, menopausal status, parity, body mass index, and medications affecting serum steroid hormone levels. Hormone receptors were not found in the collagen, vascular, or neuronal components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterosacral ligaments means that this structure may be a target for estrogen and progesterone. This finding might suggest a possible role for steroid hormones in pelvic support.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery and Urogynecology, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mokrzycki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Smilen
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Blechman
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Porges
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Demopolous
mesh_terms: D000290:Adnexa Uteri / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone