title: Prevention of Vibrio vulnificus infections. Assessment of regulatory educational strategies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vibrio vulnificus-related disease caused by eating contaminated raw oysters prompted California to implement regulatory educational initiatives in 1991.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess California guidelines and education efforts with regard to the prevention of V. vulnificus infections in Los Angeles County and to evaluate compliance with state regulations mandating posting of warning signs concerning risks of eating raw oysters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of epidemiologic investigations of V. vulnificus infections in Los Angeles County between 1993 and 1995; telephone interviews of patients or surrogates; and a survey of restaurants serving raw oysters in Los Angeles County.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior warning of patients and posting of warning signs in restaurants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent cases of V. vulnificus infections in Los Angeles County suggest that a unique, vulnerable group (uninsured Hispanic men with viral or alcoholic liver disease) has not been reached through education efforts. Of a total of 11 cases, information regarding being warned about the hazard of eating raw shellfish was available for 8; of these, only 1 case was reported as having been warned, but he had misunderstood the preventive message. Warning signs were not posted adequately in more than 50% of restaurants surveyed and one third of these establishments had signs in English only. Warnings were never located on dining tables and rarely included in menus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A more effective strategy is required to prevent V.vulnificus infections in Los Angeles County.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Public Health Training, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mouzin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mascola
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tormey
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dassey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006266:Health Education; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000821:virology*; D012147:Restaurants; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning; D014733:Vibrio / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*