title: DNA fingerprints from Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates of patients confined for therapy noncompliance show frequent clustering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that individuals chronically noncompliant with antituberculous chemotherapy are vectors for ongoing transmission of the disease in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large public hospital with a tuberculosis detention unit for patients with repeated and prolonged nonadherence to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients confined on the detention unit were obtained from the hospital's mycobacteriology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A standardized IS6110-based Southern blot hybridization protocol was used to genotype M tuberculosis isolates recovered from patients confined on the detention unit at the hospital. Each DNA fingerprint pattern was compared with the IS6110-fingerprint database at the Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, which has archived fingerprint patterns from over 2,500 M tuberculosis isolates collected from New York City patients in the past 5 years. Eighty percent of available isolates from detained patients belonged to an identifiable DNA fingerprint cluster, suggesting an epidemiologic link between the detainees and other New York City tuberculosis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic noncompliance with therapy is associated with ongoing spread of tuberculosis in the community. Aggressive measures, including detention, for the small number of recalcitrant, noncompliant patients may interrupt a chain of transmission and contribute to a decline in the spread of tuberculosis in urban areas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Medical Center and School of Medicine, New York City, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sandman
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kreiswirth
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Rom
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Schluger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010356:Patient Isolation; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents