title: Reattendance and complications in a randomised trial of prescribing strategies for sore throat: the medicalising effect of prescribing antibiotics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the medicalising effect of prescribing antibiotics for sore throat.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 general practices in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trial of three approaches to sore throat: a 10 day prescription of antibiotics, no antibiotics, or a delayed prescription if the sore throat had not started to settle after three days.
  
  
  METHODS
  716 patients aged 4 and over with sore throat and an abnormal physical sign: 84% had tonsillitis or pharyngitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number and rate of patients making a first return with sore throat, pharyngitis, or tonsillitis. Early returns (within two weeks) and complications (otitis media, sinusitis, quinsy). Outcomes were documented in 675 subjects (94%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow up time was similar (antibiotic group 1.07 years, other two groups 1.03 years). More of those initially prescribed antibiotics initially returned to the surgery with sore throat (38% v 27%, adjusted hazard ratio for return 1.39%, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.89). Antibiotics prescribed for sore throat during the previous year had an additional effect (hazard ratio 1.69, 1.20 to 2.37). Longer duration of illness (> 5 days) was associated with increased return within six weeks (hazard ratio 2.90, 1.70 to 4.92). Prior attendance with upper respiratory conditions was also associated with increased reattendance. There was no difference between groups in early return (13/238 (5.5%) v 27/437 (6%)), or complications (2/236 (0.8%) v 3/434 (0.7%)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications and early return resulting from no or delayed prescribing of antibiotics for sore throat are rare. Both current and previous prescribing for sore throat increase reattendance. To avoid medicalising a self limiting illness doctors should avoid antibiotics or offer a delayed prescription for most patients with sore throat.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton University.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gantley
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kinmonth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010404:Penicillin V / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D010404:Penicillin V