title: Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in an urban population between 1987 and 1994, using stringent inclusion criteria and a well-defined study area and population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study based on a case register compiled by a retrospective and prospective case-finding exercise and examination of case notes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The city of Newcastle upon Tyne. MAIN INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) Definite cases: fulfilling all three of the following diagnostic criteria: positive antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) > or = 1:40; cholestatic liver function tests (LFT); diagnostic or compatible liver histology. (2) Probable cases: fulfilling two of these criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases of primary biliary cirrhosis identified by multiple case-finding methods, alive from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 1994, in the defined area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence and point prevalence rates by age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 202 potential cases were identified, of whom 160 met at least two inclusion criteria. In definite cases annual incidence varied from 14 to 32 (mean 22) per million whole population (with no clear trend) and point prevalence rose from 180 per million in 1987 to 240 in 1994. Mean age at diagnosis in cases incident during the study period was 63.2 years (S.D. 11.1 years, range 39.8-85.7 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary biliary cirrhosis is much more common in Newcastle than has previously been reported anywhere in the world, and prevalence appears to be rising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bhopal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Howel
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors