title: Effect of feeding blends of Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains containing deoxynivalenol and fusaric acid on growth and feed consumption of immature swine.
abstract: Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets containing combinations of the Fusarium metabolites deoxynivalenol (DON) and fusaric acid (FA) to starter swine. In all experiments, pigs of approximately 8.2 kg initial weight were fed diets containing blends of mycotoxin-contaminated corn, wheat, and barley for 21 d with growth and feed consumption determined weekly. In the first experiment, diets were determined to contain 0 microgram DON/g + 58.9 micrograms FA/g (control), 4.4 micrograms DON/g + 57.1 micrograms FA/g, 6.0 micrograms DON/g + 48.6 micrograms FA/g, and 7.5 micrograms DON/g + 57.4 micrograms FA/g. The feeding of all diets containing DON caused significant linear depressions in growth and feed intake after only 1 wk. Lower concentrations of DON and FA were fed in the second experiment with diets containing 0 microgram DON/g + 16.3 micrograms FA/g (control), .5 microgram DON/g + 14.3 micrograms FA/g, 1.1 micrograms DON/g + 14.1 micrograms FA/g, and 1.9 micrograms DON/g + 13.6 micrograms FA/g. There was a significant linear reduction in feed intake after 1 wk with increasing levels of dietary DON. Weight gains declined significantly only after 3 wk. Increasing amounts of FA combined with relatively constant amounts of DON were fed in the third experiment. By analysis, diets contained .5 micrograms DON/g + 2.9 micrograms FA/g (control), 2.2 micrograms DON/g + 12.2 micrograms FA/g, 2.5 micrograms DON/g + 15.6 micrograms FA/g, and 2.4 micrograms DON/g + 15.9 micrograms FA/g. In the 1st wk, the feeding of increasing amounts of fusaric acid combined with a relatively constant amount of DON caused a significant linear depression in weight gain. We concluded that a toxicological synergism exists between DON and FA when fed to immature swine and that FA concentrations in feeds should be determined whenever DON analysis is conducted.
authors.affiliation: Shur-Gain, Research and Nutrition, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005669:Fusaric Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014908:Triticum / Q000592:standards; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol; D005669:Fusaric Acid