title: Telementoring. A practical option in surgical training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Telemedicine offers significant advantages in bringing consulting support to distant colleagues. There is a shortage of surgeons trained in performing advanced laparoscopic operations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the role of telementoring in the training of advanced laparoscopic surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Student surgeons received a uniform training format to enhance their laparoscopic skills and intracorporeal suturing techniques and specific procedural training in laparoscopic colonic resections and Nissen fundoplication. Subsequently, operating rooms were equipped with three cameras. Telestrator (teleguidance device), instant replay (to critique errors), and CD-ROM programs (to provide information of reference) were used as intraoperative educational assistance tools. In phase I, four colonic resections were performed with the mentor in the operating room (group A) and four colonic resections were performed with the mentor on the hospital grounds, but not in the operating room (group B). The voice and video signals were received at the mentor's location, using coaxial cable. In phase II, two Nissen fundoplications were performed with the mentors in the operating room (group C) and two Nissen fundoplications were performed with the mentors positioned five miles away from the operating room (group D), using currently existing land lines at the T-1 level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the performances of the surgeons and outcome of the operations between groups A & B and C & D. It was possible to tackle the intraoperative problems effectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The telementoring concept is potentially a safe and cost-effective option for advanced training in laparoscopic operations. Further investigation is necessary before routine transcontinental patient applications are attempted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fullum
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lisehora
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barcia
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Savalgi
mesh_terms: D018662:Fundoplication; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D010535:Laparoscopy; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*