title: Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers.
abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of a superactivated charcoal (SAC) in alleviating mycotoxicosis, two experiments were conducted in which 432 male broiler chicks (216 per experiment) were fed diets containing 4 mg aflatoxin (AF) or 6 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet, with and without 0.5% SAC, from 1 to 21 d of age. Feeding AF and T-2 toxin significantly decreased BW gain over the 21-d experimental period. Inclusion of SAC in the diet containing AF resulted in BW gains that were intermediate between gains of chicks fed AF and those of controls. No benefits were seen in BW gain when SAC + T-2 toxin was fed. Feeding AF increased relative weights of liver, spleen, and kidney; however, only liver weight in Experiment 1 was similar to controls when SAC was included. Of the blood parameters altered by AF (decreased cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and increased mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit in Experiment 1; decreased albumin and total protein, and increased creatine kinase in Experiment 2) only urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and inorganic phosphorus (Experiment 1) and hematocrit (Experiment 2) were comparable to controls when SAC was included in the diet. Feeding T-2 toxin decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, urea nitrogen, and mean corpuscular volume; however, only cholesterol and mean corpuscular volume were improved with the addition of SAC (Experiment 1). Oral lesions were observed in birds fed T-2 toxin with no difference in severity when SAC was added in Experiment 1, however in Experiment 2, birds fed SAC + T-2 had a significantly lower lesion scores than those fed T-2 alone. Mortality was noted in both experiments but was not influenced by SAC treatment. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary SAC is marginally effective in alleviating some of the toxic affects associated with AF, but was of little benefit when T-2 toxin was fed to growing broiler chicks.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Edrington
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kubena
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rottinghaus
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D006400:Hematocrit; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D002606:Charcoal; D010758:Phosphorus; D002784:Cholesterol; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D013605:T-2 Toxin