title: Identification and molecular cloning of two novel receptors for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL.
abstract: A human receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL (TRAIL receptor-1, designated DR4) was identified recently as a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. In this report we describe the identification of two additional human TRAIL receptors, TRAIL receptor-2 and TRAIL receptor-3, that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Interestingly, TRAIL receptor-2 but not TRAIL receptor-3 contains a cytoplasmic "death domain" necessary for induction of apoptosis and is hence designated death receptor-5 (DR5). Like DR4, DR5 engages the apoptotic pathway independent of the adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1. Because of its lack of a death domain, TRAIL receptor-3 is not capable of inducing apoptosis. However, by competing for TRAIL, it is capable of inhibiting TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, TRAIL receptor-3 may function as an antagonistic decoy receptor to attenuate the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL in most tissues that are TRAIL+, DR4+, and DR5+.
authors.affiliation: Center for Apoptosis Research and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacFarlane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Srinivasula
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandes-Alnemri
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Alnemri
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020170:Caspase 1; D053455:Caspase 10; D020169:Caspases; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C108661:TNFRSF10C protein, human; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C084083:Fad7 protein, Arabidopsis; D053455:Caspase 10; D020169:Caspases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C105036:interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme 2; D020170:Caspase 1