title: Topographical anatomy of the penile arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of the penile arteries to anatomical landmarks and thus ease their identification, so avoiding injury during surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The penile arteries in 12 formalin-preserved adult male cadavers were dissected and the distances measured between the cavernosal arteries and both the endopelvic fascia and distal attachment of the crura to the ischial bones. The distance between the origins of both bulbar and cavernosal arteries, their length and the length of the cavernosal bodies and crural attachments were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several anatomical variations, e.g. accessory pudendal arteries, multiple cavernosal and bulbar arteries, irrigation of cavernosal bodies by contralateral branches, anastomosis of cavernosal arteries with accessory pudendal branches, dorsal artery or bulbar artery as main branches of accessory pudendal arteries, were observed in 13 of the 24 specimens. The mean distances between the anterior attachment of the crura to the ischial rami and the site on the tunica albuginea where the cavernosal arteries penetrated the cavernosal bodies were 1.26 cm on the right and 0.69 cm on the left. The corresponding measurements between the cavernosal arteries and the endopelvic fascia were 5.68 cm (right) and 4.85 cm (left). The mean extracavernosal lengths of the right and left cavernosal arteries were 2.47 and 2.2 cm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple anatomical variations of the arterial penile anatomy occur frequently. Surgery at the penile hilum may easily damage the cavernosal arteries, which lie medially to the dorsal nerves and arteries of the penis, have an extracavernosal length of about 2.3 cm and perforate the tunica albuginea about 1 cm distally to the anterior attachment of the crura to the ischial ramus.
authors.affiliation: Service of Urology, La Paz Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Piñeiro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Julve
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Piñeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004210:Dissection; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply*