title: Identification of predictors for lower extremity vein graft stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cause of intrinsic vein graft stenosis, which develops in at least 20% of infrainguinal autogenous bypass grafts during the intermediate follow-up interval, is unknown. We performed standard duplex surveillance of all lower extremity bypass grafts and evaluated the potential of comorbid patient risk factors that might predict development of vein graft flow disturbance or high-grade graft stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with at least 6 months of postoperative duplex surveillance were identified through our vascular registry. The association of clinical and hemodynamic profiles of graft performance were compared with specific patient risk factors, including demographics, cigarette smoking, antihypertensive medical therapy, type and quality of conduit, degree of ischemia, bypass run-off, and presence of infection, using stepwise logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three patients (55 male, 38 female; mean age 69) underwent 100 infrainguinal bypasses. Twenty-six high-grade graft stenoses (>70%) were identified in 26 patients during follow-up (mean 21 months) by graft-flow peak systolic velocity (PSV) >300 cm/sec on more than one duplex examination, and were electively revised. Graft flow disturbances (180 cm/sec >PSV <300 cm/sec) were identified in an additional 13 grafts (6 regressed, 7 observed). The need for graft revision was associated with an early graft flow disturbance (P = 0.02), or drop in ankle-brachial index >0.15 (P = 0.03), and the use of an alternative conduit in 13 of 100 grafts (P = 0.04). Only smoking was associated with the development of a duplex detected graft flow disturbance during follow up (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grafts with early flow disturbances warrant close duplex surveillance to identify graft-threatening stenosis. Risk factors that may predict future lower extremity bypass graft stenosis are smoking and the use of alternative bypass conduits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724-5072, USA.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gooden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westerband
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014680:Veins / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*