title: Levator ani function before and after childbirth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pelvic floor muscle strength before and after vaginal birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective repeated measures study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main district hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five women: 25 primiparae and 20 multiparae following vaginal birth, and 10 women following elective caesarean delivery as a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic muscle strength was evaluated by palpation, perineometry and perineal ultrasound before childbirth in the 36th to 42nd week of pregnancy, three to eight days postpartum and six to ten weeks postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic floor muscle strength on palpation, intravaginal squeeze pressure and vesical neck elevation during squeeze.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pelvic floor muscle strength is significantly reduced three to eight days postpartum in women following vaginal birth but not in women after caesarean delivery. Six to ten weeks later palpation and vesical neck elevation on perineal ultrasound do not show any significant differences to antepartum values, while intravaginal pressure on perineometry remains significantly lower in primiparae, but not in multiparae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pelvic floor muscle strength is impaired shortly after vaginal birth, but for most women returns within two months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Peschers
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Schaer
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: DeLancey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuessler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000502:physiology*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors