title: Is alcohol a risk factor for liver cirrhosis in HBsAg and anti-HCV negative subjects? Collaborative Groups for the Study of Liver Diseases in Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to evaluate the association between alcohol intake and the risk of liver cirrhosis in the absence of B and C hepatitis viruses, we analyzed data from three hospital-based case-control studies performed in various Italian areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the case and control series we excluded HBsAg and/or anti-HCV positive patients. Cases were 221 cirrhotic patients admitted for the first time to hospital for liver decompensation. Controls were 614 patients admitted to the same hospitals during the same period as the cases for acute diseases unrelated to alcohol. Alcohol consumption was expressed as lifetime daily alcohol intake (LDAI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a dose-effect relationship between LDAI and the risk of liver cirrhosis (LC). Considering the extreme LDAI categories (LDAI = 0 g: lifetime teetotallers and LDAI > or = 100 g), the LC odds ratio (OR) increased from 1.0 (reference category) to 44.7 (95% confidence interval: 95% CI: 20.0-99.9). An increased risk of LC associated with the female gender independent of alcohol consumption was also observed (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.8-4.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol intake acts as a risk factor for symptomatic liver cirrhosis also in the absence of HBV and/or HCV infection. Besides alcohol and viruses, some unknown gender-related factors might be involved in the occurrence of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corrao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aricò
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torchio
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Busellu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: di Orio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens