title: Miniature C-arm imaging: an in vitro study of detecting foreign bodies in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, we have had clinical success detecting foreign bodies (FBs) using a mobile C-arm fluoroscopic device. This study tests its utility to detect FBs of differing densities in soft tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blinded, randomized, controlled in vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two physicians used the Xi-scan mini C-arm to image FBs. Five FBs of differing densities were studied: metal, gravel, glass, wood, and plastic. The FBs were placed into the deep muscles of chicken legs. One hundred observations were made: 50 legs with FBs and 50 legs without FBs. The blinded investigators imaged the legs and determined the presence or absence of FBs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Imaging located 100% of metal, gravel and glass FBs. Plastic and wood could not be consistently detected (sensitivity 0.4, specificity 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This device accurately detects metal, gravel and glass. Radiolucent (wood) and semiradiopaque (plastic) FBs could not be located reliably. Clinical trials would define utility of this device in saving time, money and radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital, Columbus 43205-2696, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hickey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008961:Models, Structural