title: Clinical characteristics affecting the outcome of liver retransplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome of retransplantation remains unsatisfactory when compared with primary transplantation of the liver. The aim of the present study was to determine which preoperative clinical and laboratory risk variables are implicated in the poorer outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preoperative status of 70 retransplanted patients was compared with a group of 303 time-matched recipients receiving their first graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival at 1 year was reduced in the retransplant versus the primary transplant group (50% vs. 80%, P<0.001). Preoperatively older age, high United Network of Organ Sharing score, inpatient status, elevated bilirubin, and creatinine levels were associated with increased mortality after a second transplant. Preoperatively, the retransplant group had higher encephalopathy grades, were more likely to be inpatients, and had higher serum creatinine, bilirubin, and white cell levels than the primary recipients (P<0.05 in all cases). The median length of inpatient stay was longer after the second transplant (25 vs. 19 days, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These factors assist in the stratification of patients awaiting retransplantation; however, the outcome of this procedure is only likely to be improved with an earlier identification of the patients who require it, along with an increased priority in organ allocation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rolando
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000458:organization & administration; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D001663:Bilirubin