title: Anorectal manometric examination in encopretic-constipated children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have investigated the use of anorectal manometry to distinguish encopretic-constipated children (n = 88) from sibling controls (n = 16) and nonsibling controls (n = 11).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study variables included manometrically determined resting and maximum voluntary anal sphincter pressure, depth and speed of rectoanal inhibitory reflex, minimum rectal volume sensation, critical distending volume for fecal urgency, rectal and anal pressure responses during attempted defecation, and ability to defecate a water-filled balloon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Change in anal sphincter pressure during attempted defecation (P = 0.03), gradient between rectal and sphincter pressure during attempted defecation (P = 0.02), critical distending volume for fecal urgency (P = 0.02), and ability to defecate a water-filled balloon (P = 0.05) distinguished encopretic-constipated from control children. The change in rectal pressure associated with the rectoanal inhibitory reflex just escaped significance at P = 0.07.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anal sphincter spasm and megacolon are pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with pediatric constipation-encopresis.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Charlottesville 22901, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sutphen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borowitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kovatchev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004688:Encopresis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology