title: Vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 5 are colocalized in vascular and avascular epiretinal membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine by immunocytochemical analysis of epiretinal membranes whether vascular endothelial growth factor and the fibroblast growth factor FGF-5 are present in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human surgical specimens of epiretinal membranes were obtained from 11 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and five eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Sections were immunostained with an affinity-purified antibody against an internal sequence of human FGF-5 and with a commercially available affinity-purified antibody corresponding to the first 20 residues of human vascular endothelial growth factor. Slides were visualized using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Control studies were performed with nonimmune immunoglobulin G and preabsorbed vascular endothelial growth factor and FGF-5 antibody, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactive FGF-5 is present in most cells, including endothelial cells of vascular and avascular epiretinal membranes, but seems to be absent from the extracellular matrix. A similar staining pattern was observed for vascular endothelial growth factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular endothelial growth factor and FGF-5 are remarkably colocalized in both vascular and avascular epiretinal membranes arising from proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, respectively. This result questions the concept that the presence of a single angiogenic factor determines the vascular status of an epiretinal proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95816, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hjelmeland
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; C496449:FGF5 protein, human; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors