title: Nosocomial infection in Auckland Healthcare hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection in Auckland Healthcare hospitals.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nosocomial infections cause patient morbidity and prolong hospital stay. Reporting surveillance results to staff has been shown to reduce nosocomial infection rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Point prevalence study for all patients in Auckland, Green Lane and National Women's hospitals. Standard definitions for nosocomial infections were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ten (12%) of 932 patients had 129 nosocomial infections: 27 (20%) surgical site infections; 25 (19%) lower respiratory tract infections; 23 (18%) skin/ soft tissue infections; 19 (15%) urinary tract infections; 14 (11%) bloodstream infections; and 21 (17%) other infections. Predominant organisms were: Staphylococcus aureus (29%), Escherichia coli (21%), other gram negative bacilli (14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6%), streptococci (6%) and Candida albicans (6%). The prevalence of nosocomial infection was lower in National Women's Hospital (5%) than either Green Lane or Auckland hospitals (15% and 14% respectively), p < 0.01. The prevalence of nosocomial infection was the same in medical and surgical patients, 53 of 394 (14%) and 42 of 297 (14%), respectively. The highest prevalence was in intensive care unit patients, 7 of 31 (23%). The prevalence of nosocomial infection increased with patient age, 17-50 yr (8%) vs > 50 yr (14%), p < 0.01, and duration of hospitalisation 2% for < 2 days, 6% for 2-7 days vs 22% for > 7 days, p < 0.01. Risk factors for nosocomial infection were present in many patients: 339 (36%) had intravenous catheters in place; 268 (29%) patients had undergone surgery during their current admission; 122 (13%) had urinary catheters in place; and 122 (13%) had other invasive devices in situ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are comparable with hospitals of similar size overseas. This study provides a base line for future studies which will enable the monitoring of trends over time and the impact of focused infection control initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Auckland Hospital.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence