title: A pilot study utilizing intraoperative lymphoscintigraphy for identification of the sentinel lymph nodes in vulvar cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify sentinel lymph nodes using intraoperative lymphoscintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technetium-99-labeled sulfur colloid was injected at the site of primary vulvar carcinoma. An intraoperative gamma counter was used to identify one or more sentinel lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients underwent bilateral inguinal and femoral lymphadenectomy. The clinical stages are as follows: T1 in 6, T2 in 2, and T3 in 2. A total of four groins (3 patients) were positive for metastases. In one patient only the sentinel node was positive for disease. In a second patient, two unilateral nodes were positive for disease and both were identified with the gamma counter as sentinel nodes. In the third patient, a single sentinel node was positive for malignancy in each groin. Multiple nonsentinel lymph nodes were positive in each groin in this patient. In no case was the sentinel node negative when other nonsentinel nodes were positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative lymphoscintigraphy quantitatively identifies one or more sentinel lymph nodes. Since sentinel lymph nodes can be localized transcutaneously, this technique may be useful for selective lymphadenectomy. Larger patient accrual is necessary to verify this technique.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Pensacola, Pensacola, Florida 32504, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Decesare
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Fiorica
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reintgen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puleo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid