title: Loading changes in time-based parameters of glottal flow waveforms in different ergonomic conditions.
abstract: The effects of prolonged (5 x 45 min) reading in different environmental and ergonomic conditions on time-based glottal waveform parameters of normal female and male subjects (n = 80) were studied. The exposure groups (n = 5 females and males per cell) consisted of eight combinations of the following factors: (1) normal (< 65 dB) or high (> 65 dB) speech output level; (2) sitting or standing posture; (3) low (25 +/- 5%) or high (65 +/- 5%) relative humidity of ambient air. Two rest (morning and noon) and three loading (two in the morning and one in the afternoon) samples were recorded and analyzed. The glottal waveforms were obtained by inverse filtering of the acoustical signal using an automatic method. The following time based parameters were analyzed from the estimate glottal flow waveform: (1) length of fundamental period; (2) open quotient; (3) speed quotient, and (4) closing quotient. The analysis was based on inverse filtering of the first stressed syllable of 'paappa' word repeated 3 x 5 times with normal, maximally soft and maximally loud phonation. Humidity was a significant factor in several instances. The interactions between gender and the loading factors were striking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Phoniatrics, University of Oulu, Finland. Erkki.Vilkman@oulu.fi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilkman
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lauri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alku
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sihvo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D013060:Speech; D013997:Time Factors