title: Behavioral factors affecting exposure potential for household cleaning products.
abstract: Behavioral experiments were performed on 342 subjects to determine whether behavior, which could affect the level of personal exposure, is exhibited in response to odors and labels which are commonly used for household chemicals. Potential for exposure was assessed by having subjects perform cleaning tasks presented as a product preference test, and noting the amount of cleaning product used, the time taken to complete the cleaning task, the product preference, and the exhibition of avoidance behavior. Product odor was found to affect product preference in the study with the pleasant odored product being preferred to the neutral and unpleasant products. Product odor was also found to influence the amount of product used; less of the odored products was used compared to the neutral product. The experiment also found that very few of the subjects in the study read the product labels, precluding analysis of the effect of such labels on product use. A postexperiment questionnaire on household cleaning product purchasing and use was administered to participants. The results indicate that significant gender differences exist. Women in the sample reported more frequent purchase and use of cleaning products resulting in an estimated potential exposure 40% greater than for the men in the sample. This finding is somewhat countered by the fact that women more frequently reported exposure avoidance behavior, such as using gloves. Additional significant gender differences were found in the stated importance of product qualities, such as odor and environmental quality. This study suggests the need for further research, in a more realistic use setting, on the impact of public education, labels, and product odor on preference, use, and exposure for different types of consumer products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. dck+@cmu.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006795:Household Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D011356:Product Labeling; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors