title: Genetic alterations in patients with esophageal cancer with short- and long-term survival rates after curative esophagectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to ascertain the exact relation between specific oncogenes and long- and short-term survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent developments in molecular biology have shown that several oncogenes and suppressor genes are involved in the development of esophageal cancer. However, the role of these genes still is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical outcome of 84 cases of R0-resected esophageal carcinomas (from 1986-1993) and the molecular and biologic characteristics of these tumors were studied. The patients studied were divided into three groups, which were designated as follows: shortest term survivors (up to 6 months), short-term survivors (7-12 months), and long-term survivors (>5 years). These groups included 23, 17, and 44 subjects, respectively. For the genomic analysis, CyclinD1, int-2, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), retinoblastoma, p53, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), and human papillomavirus were studied in these patients. The regrowth capability of primary cultures and the clinicopathologic characteristics of these patients also were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CyclinD1 and int-2 genes, which are located in the 11q13 chromosome, and the MDM2 gene were related to short survival. However, the p53 mutation and human papillomavirus infection were not related to short-term survival. The average ratio of genomic abnormalities to genes examined was higher in the shortest and short-term survival groups than in the long-term survival group. Regrowth capability in primary cultures also was related to short-term survival. Among the long-term survival patients, 7 (16%) of 44 cases suffered further cancer after esophagectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the 11q13 amplicon and MDM2 may play an important role in the progression of esophageal cancer, and an accumulation of genomic abnormalities may result in poor prognosis. Careful follow-up testing for double cancer is needed in long-term survivors of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery & Surgical Basic Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shibagaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured