title: Pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites among Tanzanian children: a facility-based study using the polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: A mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction method was used to estimate the proportion of pyrimethamine-resistant parasites in 101 children reporting with malaria at the hospital in Ifakara, a town in southern Tanzania. The method is based on the observation that a point mutation (Asn-108) in the dihydroifolate reductase gene confers resistance to pyrimethamine. Twenty-eight percent of the examined 101 children had pyrimethamine-resistant parasites, 65% had pyrimethamine-sensitive parasites with the wild-type Ser-108 codon, and 9% had both alleles, suggesting a mixed infection. None of the 21 children with clinical malaria had pyrimethamine-resistant parasites. Currently, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is considered a potential first-line drug for malaria treatment in most African countries. We suggest that although sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine could still be effective against chloroquine-resistant malaria in this area, its judicious use is important so as to minimize the spread of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Ifakara Centre, Tanzania.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mshinda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011739:Pyrimethamine; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004338:Drug Combinations; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D011739:Pyrimethamine