title: Computed tomography-guided transsphenoidal closure of postsurgical cerebrospinal fluid fistula: a transmucosal needle technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula represents a fearful complication of transsphenoidal surgery and, despite careful intraoperative repair and prolonged postoperative lumbar CSF drainage, need for a new surgical intrasphenoidal plasty is not uncommon.
  
  
  METHODS
  These cases prompted us to develop a simple, minimally invasive, harmless repeatable technique consisting of a computed tomography (CT)-guided intrasphenoidal injection of fibrin glue through a 12-gauge spinal needle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients presenting with rhinoliquorrhea following a transsphenoidal approach for the excision of pituitary adenomas (three cases) and craniopharyngiomas (two cases) were treated successfully with the presented technique. In two cases the first attempt attained only partial success and therefore the procedure was repeated. In the last two cases, the injection of fibrin glue was preceded by 2 cc of fresh autologous blood, with the aim of enhancing the mechanisms of healing, possibly inducing adhesions and fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method of treatment for CSF leakage following transsphenoidal surgery may represent a valid alternative to the surgical option.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosurgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fraioli
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Floris
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vagnozzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liccardo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuffrè
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005402:Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive