title: Mood and cognitive effects of +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy'): week-end 'high' followed by mid-week low.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recreational use of +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') is widespread. The present study aimed to examine both the acute and residual effects of this drug on users' mood and cognitive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel group design was used to compare 12 participants who reported having taken MDMA with 12 participants who reported having consumed only alcohol, on the relevant night (day 1). These same participants were then re-assessed the following day (day 2) and again mid-week (day 5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute effects of MDMA broadly replicated previous findings. MDMA users rated elevated mood on day 1 but significantly low mood on day 5, at which point some participants scored within the range for clinical depression. In contrast, the alcohol group showed less pronounced changes, which followed a U-shaped curve over days with the lowest point being day 2. The MDMA group also showed significant impairments on an attentional/working memory task, compared with alcohol users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weekend use of MDMA may lead to depressed mood mid-week. Possible mechanisms underlying the findings are discussed in terms of temporary depletion of serotonin, serotonergic neurotoxity and psychological aspects of mood change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University College London, UK. v.curran@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Travill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine