title: Total plasma antioxidant capacity predicts thrombosis-prone status in NIDDM patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the hypothesis that a relationship exists between free radical activity and abnormalities in hemostasis in NIDDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) has very recently been proposed to explore the antioxidant property of a plasma and their mutual cooperation. In the present study, TRAP, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, uric acid, protein-bound SH (thiol) groups, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragments F1 + 2, and D-dimer have been evaluated in 46 NIDDM patients and 47 healthy matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In NIDDM patients, TRAP, vitamin A, SH groups, and uric acid were significantly reduced, whereas the level of vitamin E was significantly increased. Vitamin C was similar in the two groups. Fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, and D-dimer were increased in diabetic patients. TRAP, but no single other antioxidant, had a strong inverse association with fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, and D-dimer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress may condition coagulation activation in diabetics. However, the data suggest that it is the total antioxidant capacity rather than any single plasma antioxidant that is the most relevant parameter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology, Clinical and Experimental, University of Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceriello
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirisi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crescentini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonutti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Motz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giacomello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taboga
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D014527:Uric Acid; C029733:prothrombin fragment 1; C044183:prothrombin fragment 2; D011516:Prothrombin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D001205:Ascorbic Acid