title: Opioid sedation does not alter intracranial pressure in head injured patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the effects of sedative doses of morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil on intracranial pressure (ICP) in head-injured patients in whom changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were minimized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen severely head-injured patients (GSC of < or = 8) were randomly assigned to receive either fentanyl, sufentanil or morphine, titrating the drug to a maximal 10% decrease in MAP. The patients were subsequently given an infusion of the same opioid. For four hours, ICP, MAP and heart rate were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all groups, there were no increases in ICP. There was a decrease in MAP in the sufentanil group at 10 min (P < 0.05) and 45 min after the initial opioid bolus. These decreases in MAP were not associated with increases in ICP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that when opioids are titrated in head-injured patients, worsening intracranial pressure can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. klauer@post.its.mcw.edu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Schmeling
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine; D017409:Sufentanil; D005283:Fentanyl