title: Thyroid hormones increase the contractility but suppress the effects of beta-adrenergic agonist by decreasing phospholamban expression in rat atria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationships between the thyroid-hormone-dependent changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ handling and contractile performance in atria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypothyroidism in rats was induced by adding 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil to their drinking water for 6 weeks. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (1 microgram/g body weight) to euthyroid rats for 1 week. Left atria from the hearts with different thyroid states were examined by means of contractile measurements, SR oxalate-supported Ca(2+)-uptake, and Western blot of SR proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tissue level of SR Ca(2+)-pump protein decreased in hypothyroid (46 +/- 6%) atria, but remained unchanged in hyperthyroid (110 +/- 8%) atria as compared with euthyroid atria. Hypothyroidism was associated with increased phospholamban expression (141 +/- 25%), whereas it was drastically downregulated under hyperthyroidism (21 +/- 4%). The rate of SR Ca(2+)-uptake, measured in the presence of the protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89, was higher in hyperthyroid atria and lower in hypothyroid atria than in euthyroid atria (397 +/- 40, 55 +/- 6 and 194 +/- 17 nmol Ca2+/g protein/min, respectively). However, the stimulation of SR Ca(2+)-uptake by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A was relatively weaker in hyperthyroid (130 +/- 20% over control level without catalytic subunit) and stronger in hypothyroid (640 +/- 60%) than in euthyroid atria (280 +/- 40%). The rates of inotropic contraction (+dT/dt) were higher in the hyperthyroid atria (133 +/- 10 mN/s), but lower in hypothyroid atria (15 +/- 3 mN/s) than in their euthyroid counterparts (95 +/- 13 mN/s). Inversely, hypothyroid atria responded to isoproterenol with much larger increases in contractility (883 +/- 164% over the control values for the same muscle before addition of isoproterenol) and hyperthyroid with smaller increases (25 +/- 9%) than euthyroid preparations (207 +/- 17%)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid hormones increase the contractility, but decrease the inotropic response to isoproterenol through decreasing the phospholamban/SR Ca(2+)-pump ratio in rat atria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaasik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paju
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Seppet
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D005260:Female; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000099211:Phospholamban