title: Concomitant boost radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of a concomitant boost fractionation schedule of radiotherapy for treating patients with squamous carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 1983 and November 1992, 83 patients with squamous carcinoma of the tonsil were treated with concomitant boost fractionation. The distribution of American Joint Committee on Cancer T stages was TX-4, T1-5, T2-29, T3-41, T4-4; N stages were NX-1, N0-26, N1-13, N2-31, N3-12. Patients were treated with standard large fields to 54 Gy in 6 weeks. The boost treatment consisted of a second daily 1.5 Gy fraction for 10-12 fractions, usually delivered during the final phase of treatment. The tumor dose was 69-72 Gy, given over 6 weeks. Twenty-one patients, who all had N2 or N3 regional disease, underwent neck dissections, either before (13 patients) or 6 weeks after radiotherapy (8 patients); the other patients were treated with radiotherapy alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year actuarial disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were 71 and 60%, respectively. Patients with T2 and T3 primary tumors had 5-year actuarial local control rates of 96 and 78%, respectively. Patients with T3 disease who received the final-phase boost had a 5-year actuarial local control rate of 82%. Actuarial 5-year regional disease control rates were N0, 92%; N1, 76%; N2, 89%; and N3, 89%. The 21 patients who had neck dissections all had their disease regionally controlled. Patients presenting with nodal disease or after a node excision who were treated with radiation alone had a 5-year actuarial regional disease control rate of 79%. All but five patients had confluent Grade 4 mucositis during treatment. Severe late complications attributable to radiation included mandibular necrosis [1], in-field osteosarcoma [1], and chronic dysphagia for solid foods [5].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of local and regional disease control were achieved with the concomitant boost fractionation schedule, with few cases of severe late morbidity. Patients with N2 and N3 neck disease were effectively treated with radiation and the selective use of neck dissections. The concomitant boost schedule is our preferred fractionation approach for treating patients with intermediate stage tonsil cancer who are not participating in our current research protocols.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Radiotherapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gwozdz
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery