title: Porphyromonas gingivalis infection of oral epithelium inhibits neutrophil transepithelial migration.
abstract: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders caused by microorganisms of dental plaque that colonize the gingival sulcus and, subsequently, the periodontal pocket. As in other mucosal infections, the host response to plaque bacteria is characterized by an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the gingival crevice. Neutrophil migration through the epithelial lining of the gingival pocket is thought to be the first line of defense against plaque bacteria. In order to model this phenomenon in vitro, we used the oral epithelial cell line KB and human PMNs in the Transwell system and examined the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis-epithelial cell interactions on subsequent PMN transepithelial migration. We demonstrate here that P. gingivalis infection of oral epithelial cells failed to trigger transmigration of PMNs. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited neutrophil transmigration actively induced by stimuli such as N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the intestinal pathogen enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The ability of P. gingivalis to block PMN transmigration was strongly positively correlated with the ability to adhere to and invade epithelial cells. In addition, P. gingivalis attenuated the production of IL-8 and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 by epithelial cells. The ability of P. gingivalis to block neutrophil migration across an intact epithelial barrier may critically impair the potential of the host to confront the bacterial challenge and thus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Madianos
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Papapanou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandros
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D015536:Down-Regulation; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1