title: A North American survey of intravenous regional anesthesia.
abstract: One thousand questionnaires concerning the techniques and complications of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) were sent to 900 American and 100 Canadian anesthesiologists. Of the 321 respondents, 86% perform IVRA regularly. A wide variation in device-related and clinical aspects was found, ranging from acceptable to falling outside published guidelines. Anesthesiologists perform a median of four upper-limb IVR procedures per month, most often using 50 mL of lidocaine 0.5% at tourniquet pressures of 250 mm Hg or 100 mm Hg greater than the systolic blood pressure. Forearm, thigh, and calf IVRA are occasionally used. Complications, reported infrequently in the literature, were reported by respondents, including mistaken deflation of the cuff; dysphoria, dizziness, or facial tingling; seizures; cardiac arrests; and deaths. Although there was no correlation between complications and deviation from traditional practice, we recommend that IVRA be performed following recognized protocols by anesthesiologists who are familiar with the technique and trained to treat its potential complications. We recommend a protocol for IVRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous regional anesthesia is a widely used anesthetic technique. A survey of 321 American and Canadian anesthesiologists indicates a wide variation in technique. Despite no correlation between complications and technique, the authors recommend that recognized protocols be used for this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Warriner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Merrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged