title: Results of a European randomized trial of Etanidazole combined with radiotherapy in head and neck carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of Etanidazole, a hypoxic cell sensitizer, combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 374 patients from 27 European centers were included in this trial between 1987 and 1990. Treatment was either conventional radiotherapy alone (between 66 Gy in 33 fractions and 74 Gy in 37 fractions, 5 fractions per week), or the same radiotherapy dose plus Etanidazole 2 g/m2, three times weekly for 17 doses. A minimization procedure, balancing for center, site, and T stage (T1-T3 vs. T4) was used for randomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 187 patients in the Etanidazole group, 82% received at least 14 doses of the drug. Compliance to the radiotherapy protocol was 92% in the Etanidazole group and 88% in the control group; the main cause of deviation was acute toxicity, which was observed at an equal rate in the two treatment groups. Fifty-two cases of Grade 1 to 3 peripheral neuropathy were observed in the Etanidazole group vs. 5 cases, all of Grade 1, in the control group (p < 0.001). The 2-year actuarial loco-regional control rates were 53% in the Etanidazole group and 53% in the control group (p = 0.93), and the overall 2-year survival rates were 54% in each group (p = 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding Etanidazole to conventional radiotherapy did not afford any benefit for patients with head and neck carcinoma. This study failed to confirm the hypothesis of a benefit for patients with N0-N1 disease, which had been suggested by the results of a previous study (10).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Gustave Roussy, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eschwège
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sancho-Garnier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chassagne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brisgand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Malaise
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Busutti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cionini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: N'Guyen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romanini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chavaudra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017341:Etanidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017341:Etanidazole