title: Multiple circadian-regulated elements contribute to cycling period gene expression in Drosophila.
abstract: A new regulatory element necessary for the correct temporal expression of the period (per) gene was identified by monitoring real-time per expression in living individual flies carrying two different period-luciferase transgenes. luciferase RNA driven from only the per promoter was not sufficient to replicate the normal pattern of per RNA cycling; however, a per-luc fusion RNA driven from a transgene containing additional per sequences cycled identically to endogenous per. The results indicate the existence of at least two circadian-regulated elements--one within the promoter and one within the transcribed portion of the per gene. Phase and amplitude analysis of both per-luc transgenes revealed that normal per expression requires the regulation of these elements at distinct phases and suggests a mechanism by which biological clocks sustain high-amplitude feedback oscillations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanewsky
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Plautz
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D017344:Genes, Insect; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539040:PER protein, Drosophila; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D012260:Ribonucleases