title: Location of language in the cortex: a comparison between functional MR imaging and electrocortical stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of functional MR imaging in locating language areas for planning surgical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative photographs were digitized and overlaid on functional MR language maps. The sensitivity and specificity of functional MR imaging for identifying language areas were determined for five different language tasks by comparing functional MR areas of language activation with results of electrocortical stimulation. A match was considered to occur if an activated area contacted overlapped, or surrounded a language tag. The borders of the activation areas were extended by 1 and 2 cm to determine whether the number of matches changed. Language and nonlanguage tag matches were tabulated separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity/specificity for all patients and all language tasks ranged from 81%/53% for areas that touched to 92%/0% for areas separated by 2 cm. Individual language tasks were not as sensitive as a battery of language tasks combined. Location of language areas varied among subjects for a given task and among tasks for a given subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional MR imaging should be considered a useful presurgical planning tool for mapping cortical language areas, because it is sensitive, it provides increased time for planning before surgery, and it is noninvasive.
authors.affiliation: NMR Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Belliveau
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019303:Multilingualism; D012372:ROC Curve; D011932:Reading; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology