title: Xenogeneic endothelial cells activate human prothrombin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delayed xenograft rejection is characterized by platelet activation and fibrin deposition and is thought to occur independently of complement activation. We have therefore investigated the potential for xenogeneic endothelial cells (EC) to regulate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, a central component of the final common pathway of coagulation and an important platelet agonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quiescent porcine aortic EC (PAEC) were found to convert high levels of human prothrombin to thrombin (0.234+/-0.019 IU/ml) when compared with human aortic EC (0.017+/-0 IU/ml, 30-min time point, chromogenic assay; P<0.001). PAEC activation by human complement resulted in comparable levels of thrombin generation. Prothrombin conversion by PAEC as determined by generation of F1+2 (1.909+/-0.119 nmol/L) and formation of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (125.611+/-6.373 microg/L) was significantly greater than the matched human aortic EC values (F1+2: 1.539+/-0.03 nmol/L, P<0.001; thrombin-antithrombin III: 1.833+/-0.104 microg/L, P<0.001). Sequential analysis of prothrombin activation by PAEC indicated generation of the intermediate meizothrombin followed by autolytically accelerated thrombin formation. Subsequent experiments established important cross-species' incompatibilities with respect to porcine thrombomodulin interaction with human thrombin and protein C in that PAEC had a reduced capacity to generate activated human protein C in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate a potentially important molecular barrier involving blood coagulation that may impact on the planned clinical application of porcine transgenic organs.
authors.affiliation: Sandoz Center for Immunobiology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lesnikoski
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte am Esch
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001011:Aorta; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003167:Complement Activation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D015539:Platelet Activation; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D013917:Thrombin