title: Prognostic significance of a clearly audible fourth heart sound detected a month after an acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: Patients (n = 181) with a myocardial infarction, with (n = 20) or without (n = 161) a clearly audible fourth heart sound detected 1 month after the onset of a myocardial infarction, were followed for 56.2 +/- 21.4 months for cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery, worsening angina, or heart failure). The present study suggests that a clearly audible fourth heart sound detected 1 month after the onset of myocardial infarction increases the risk of adverse cardiac events.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka City, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006347:Heart Sounds; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors