title: Different BALF protein composition in normal children and adults.
abstract: Quantification of proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is being performed increasingly, because of their potency in elucidating pathophysiological processes and their possible clinical relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  37 normal children (12 female, 25 male, mean age +/- SD 7.9 +/- 3.5 years, range 3-16 years) undergoing elective surgery for nonpulmonary illnesses and 16 healthy adults (all male, mean age +/- SD 24.7 +/- 2.6 years, range 20-28 years, 8 smokers, 8 nonsmokers) have been studied after approval by the ethics committees of both institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  BAL was performed with normal saline in the right middle lobe or one of its segments. Lavage volume was 15 x 20 ml in adults and 3 x 1 ml/kg in children. In adults the first aliquot was processed separately, 2 aliquots of the following were pooled (resulting in 8 different fractions) so that different lavage protocols could be calculated. The concentrations of the plasma-proteins alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1PI), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2PI), albumin (Alb) and of the locally released proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin (Lf), elastase (Ela) and fibronectin (Fib) were determined in BALF using chemiluminescence immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BALF concentrations of the plasma proteins were higher in children compared to adults. In contrast, concentrations of the locally released proteins were similar in both groups. Protein concentrations in the first recovered aliquot were different from the following in healthy adults with higher values of MPO, Lf and Ela and lower concentrations of alpha 1PI, alpha 2PI and Alb. Subsequent aliquots did not show a progressive dilution of these proteins with increasing lavage volumes. In smokers, BALF concentrations of albumin, alpha 1PI and MPO were higher compared to nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BALF protein concentrations are different in normal children and adults. These results underscore the necessity to establish independent reference values for children, as could be demonstrated earlier with regard to BAL cell composition.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic II, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehnert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dalhoff
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wiessmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ratjen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D009195:Peroxidase; D007781:Lactoferrin