title: Spontaneous running increases aortic compliance in Wistar-Kyoto rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies in humans have found, using non-invasive methodology, that arterial compliance is elevated with exercise training. Forced exercise in animals has corroborated these findings, but the association of this type of exercise with psychological stressors limits its relevance to humans. We have investigated the effects of spontaneous running exercise from 4-20 weeks of age on aortic and mesenteric compliance and vascular reactivity in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were killed using CO2 asphyxia and the aorta, mesentery and heart rapidly removed. The heart was dissected and weighed. The aorta was separated into 3 4-mm rings which were mounted on wires in organ baths for determination of compliance and vascular reactivity to noradrenaline, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. The slope of diameter-pressure relationship derived using Laplace's equation was used as an index of compliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the final 2 weeks of training WKY rats ran an average of 7.9 +/- 1.0 km/24 h. Body weight was not affected by training. Training significantly increased the weight of the atria, left and right ventricles as well as total heart weight and left ventricular/body weight ratio. Aortic compliance was increased from 12.3 +/- 0.4 to 14.2 +/- 0.5 microns/mmHg (P < 0.05) after training. There was no effect of training on aortic reactivity to noradrenaline, acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training increased intrinsic aortic compliance in WKY rats which provides evidence for a structural basis for the elevated compliance reported previously with 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in man.
authors.affiliation: Alfred and Baker Medical Unit, Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kingwell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dart
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine