title: Sustained cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in whole embryo cultures lacking the TSC2 gene product.
abstract: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by the appearance of nonmalignant tumors that affect a wide spectrum of organs, including the heart. TSC disease-causing genes have been identified on chromosomes 9 (TSC1) and 16 (TSC2). This study examined the impact of the TSC2 gene product on cardiomyocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation. We took advantage of the observation that Eker rats carry a germ-line TSC2 mutation. Rats heterozygous for the mutation (TSC2EK/+) are predisposed to renal carcinoma, whereas animals homozygous for the mutation (TSC2EK/EK) die in utero during midgestation. Spontaneously contractile cardiomyocytes were observed after multiple passages of whole embryo cultures prepared from embryonic day 12.5 TSC2EK/EK fetuses but not from TSC2EK/+ or wild-type fetuses. The TSC2EK/EK cardiomyocytes continued to actively synthesize DNA after as many as eight passages. Cytological, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses indicated that the TSC2EK/EK cardiomyocytes retained a highly differentiated phenotype similar to that observed for normal rat cardiomyocytes during late embryonic and early neonatal life. These results suggested that the TSC2 gene product is required for normal cardiomyocyte cell-cycle withdrawal and terminal differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-4800, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pajak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Soonpaa
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000378:metabolism*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D009928:Organ Specificity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; C000624655:Tsc2 protein, rat; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004247:DNA; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains