title: Randomised controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone propionate) in cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controlling lung inflammation may be the key to improving morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind placebo controlled randomised sequence crossover trial. Fluticasone propionate (400 micrograms/day) was given as a dry powder inhaler for six weeks with a four week washout period before crossover.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sputum inflammatory markers (interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and neutrophil elastase-both free and bound to alpha 1-antiprotease), sputum interleukin-10, lung function, and symptomatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty three children from a regional cystic fibrosis centre were enrolled into the study, with mean age 10.3 years (range 7 to 17 years) and mean baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 64% (range 21% to 102%) predicted for sex and height. One patient was excluded for non-compliance to the study protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant benefit was shown for the use of fluticasone propionate in any of the outcomes. For sputum interleukin-8 there was an estimated true treatment median difference of 142 pg/ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 8 to 2866 pg/ml) in favour of placebo; while for maximal expiratory flow at 25% (MEF25%) remaining forced vital capacity predicted for sex and height there was a 15 percentage points (pp) (95% CI 4 to 26 pp) mean treatment difference in favour of placebo. Sputum interleukin-10 was undetected in any samples and unaffected by fluticasone propionate. Neither atopic status, baseline FEV1, nor concomitant DNase therapy had any effect on response to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of benefit from fluticasone propionate was most likely due to failure of the drug to penetrate the viscid mucus lining the airways. It is suggested a large multicentre trial with higher doses given for a longer time by a different delivery system is required to assess efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Balfour-Lynn
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dinwiddie
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D000068298:Fluticasone; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase