title: Imaging human intra-cerebral connectivity by PET during TMS.
abstract: Non-invasive imaging of human inter-regional neural connectivity by positron emission tomography (PET) during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was performed. The hand area of primary motor cortex (M1) in the left cerebral hemisphere was stimulated with TMS while local and remote effects were recorded with PET. At the stimulated site, TMS increased blood flow (12-20%) in a highly focal manner, without an inhibitory surround. Remote covariances, an index of connectivity with M1, were also focal. Connectivity patterns established in non-human species were generally confirmed. Excitatory connectivity (positive covariance) was observed in ipsilateral primary and secondary somatosensory areas (S1 and S2), in ipsilateral ventral, lateral premotor cortex (M2) and in contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA). Inhibitory connectivity (negative covariance) was observed in contralateral M1.
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-6240, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ingham
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ingham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roby
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jerabek
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009434:Neural Pathways; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed