title: A review of radiologically guided percutaneous nephrostomies in 303 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the morbidity and mortality associated with radiologically guided percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and to identify possible contributory risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed 454 consecutive PCNs in 303 patients performed during a 4-year period. PCNs performed specifically for nephrolithotomy were excluded. Self-retention loop catheters (8-12 F) were placed with use of a modified Seldinger technique in all patients. Preprocedural antibiotics were administered routinely. Demographic variables, technical factors related to tube placement, and risk factors were examined with respect to tube malfunction and 30-day morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was 99%. The overall complication rate was 6.5%, including hemorrhage requiring transfusion after 13 PCNs (2.8%). A baseline platelet count of less than 100,000/mm3 was a significant risk factor for hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.1%; however, none of these deaths were procedure related.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiologically guided PCN with self-retention catheters is associated with a high technical success rate and low morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology; D015607:Stents; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional