title: A randomized controlled trial of weight reduction and exercise for diabetes management in older African-American subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a weight loss and exercise program designed to improve diabetes management in older African-Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight African-Americans (n = 64) ages 55-79 years with NIDDM were randomized to either an intervention (12 weekly group sessions, 1 individual session, and 6 biweekly group sessions) or usual care (1 individual session, and 6 biweekly group sessions) or usual care (1 class and 2 informational mailings). Clinical and behavioral variables were assessed at 0, 3, and 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant net differences in the intervention versus usual care were observed for weight (-2.0 kg, P = 0.006), physical activity, and dietary intake of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and nutrition knowledge at 3 months (all P < 0.05) and for weight at 6 months (-2.4 kg; P = 0.006) and mean HbA1c values at 3 and 6 months (respectively, -1.6 and -2.4%, both P < 0.01). After the adjustment for changes in weight and activity, the intervention participants were approximately twice as likely to have a one unit decrease in HbA1c value as those in usual care. Blood pressure increase sin usual care participants resulted in net differences (intervention minus control) at 3 and 6 months of -3.3 (P = 0.09) and -4.0 (P = 0.05) mmHg diastolic, respectively, and -8.4 (P = 0.06) and -5.9 (P > 0.10) mmHg systolic, respectively. Blood lipid profiles improved more in intervention than usual care participants, but not significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention program was effective in improving glycemic and blood pressure control. The decrease in HbA1c values was generally independent of the relatively modest changes in dietary intake, weight, and activity and may reflect indirect program effects on other aspects of self-care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20006, USA. tagurs-collins@fac.howard.edu
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Agurs-Collins
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumanyika
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ten Have
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin