title: Surgical management of flash pulmonary edema secondary to renovascular hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flask pulmonary edema (FPE) may be a manifestation of renovascular hypertension (RVHTN) and unresponsive to antihypertensive therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Response to antihypertensive therapy and perioperative outcomes were determined in 5 consecutive patients with FPE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 2.3 admissions for the treatment of FPE were observed despite a mean cardiac ejection fraction of 60%. Preoperative treatment was attempted for 12 days and included ventilatory support (n = 3) and hemodialysis (n = 2). Total decreased renal perfusion was demonstrated by arteriography and radionuclide scans, no patient having a functional, contralateral kidney. Renal revascularizations were not associated with mortalities; 1 patient experienced atalectasis requiring bronchoscopy. All patients were extubated within 48 hours of surgery. A significant reduction in blood pressure (BP, 46%) and serum creatinine (Cr, 53%, P < or = 0.05) was observed. A mean of 1 antihypertensive medication was required at discharge compared with 3.4 on admission. At follow-up (mean 57 months) all patients remain cured of FPE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical management was unsuccessful in the treatment of FPE. Renal revascularization was associated with low morbidity and mortality, control of BP, restoration of renal function, and cure of FPE. These data suggest surgical intervention is the optimal mode of treatment of RVHTN associated with FPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Weatherford
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Regester
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Serrell
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000150:complications*; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods