title: Longitudinal development of distress, coping and quality of life in HIV-positive persons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Longitudinal study on burdens, quality of life and coping strategies of HIV-positive persons to identify patterns of successful adaptation to the demands of the infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a semiprospective multimodal approach, 61 HIV-positive persons in all stages of the infection attending an HIV ambulatorium were assessed by inventories (3 times) and by a half-standardized interview (baseline T1 focussing on first reactions after diagnosis, follow-up T3 1.5 years later). Subjects had a mean age of 35.3 years and 69% were male. Forty-four percent were infected via homosexual intercourse, 46% via intravenous needle sharing and 10% via heterosexual intercourse or an unknown source.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global, psychic and familial distress decreased significantly from the first period after the diagnosis of HIV to the third time of measurement, while somatic complaints increased. Most test persons were able to deal effectively with the demands of the infection and showed a great degree of flexibility in their use of cognitive-actional and emotional-palliative strategies; they achieved a high quality of life. In contrast, highly distressed individuals, mainly drug users, tended to cope in an evasive-regressive way and reported a low quality of life. Correlations between ineffective coping strategies and low quality of life were found to be significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After an initial phase of sorrow and lack of orientation regarding their future life, most HIV-positive persons deal effectively with the demands of the HIV infection and report a good quality of life. In contrast, HIV-positive persons with a high degree of distress and an evasive-regressive coping pattern need professional support, such as psychotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leiberich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engeter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olbrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubbert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brieger
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kalden
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joraschky
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004924:Escape Reaction; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012043:Regression, Psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012803:Sick Role; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors