title: Small lymph nodes of the abdomen, pelvis, and retroperitoneum: usefulness of sonographically guided biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of small lymph nodes in the abdomen, retroperitoneum, and pelvis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1995 through January 1997, 35 sonographically guided lymph node biopsies were performed in 34 patients. All biopsies were performed with a 20- (n = 18) or 22-gauge (n = 10) self-aspirating needle alone or in combination (n = 7). To determine the amount of compression achieved with the transducer, the skin-to-lesion distance on reference computed tomographic (CT) scans was compared with that on sonograms. A biopsy was considered successful if a specific benign or malignant diagnosis was rendered by the pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 35 sonographically guided biopsies, 30 (86%) were successful. Diagnoses included 26 (74%) cases of carcinoma, three (9%) cases of benign reactive lymphocytosis confirmed at open biopsy, and one (3%) case of a lymph node with a positive acid-fast bacilli stain. The average lymph node diameter was 2.1 cm (range, 0.9-4.3 cm). With sonography, a mean of 2.5 needle passes (range, 1-5) were made per biopsy. Transducer compression reduced the skin-to-lesion distance from an average of 8.8 cm (at CT) to 4.5 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic guidance seems to provide a reasonable alternative to CT in biopsy of small abdominal, pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sheafor
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional