title: Surgical correction of obstructive sleep apnea in the complicated pediatric patient documented by polysomnography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in a diverse population of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series of pre and post operative polysomnograms (PSG) of pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 patients in whom sleep studies were performed pre-operatively for either an unclear history and/or physical findings or complicated OSA. Thirteen patients had no complicating medical factors, 35 patients had various associated medical problems, including 20 with morbid obesity, five with Down syndrome, four with asthma, two with cerebral palsy, and four other. The average age was 7.5 years with a range of 1.5-20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients had a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T and A) only, 13 had T and A with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), and three had tonsillectomy and UPPP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre and postoperative PSG results including apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), percent of sleep with oxygen saturation below 90%, and percent sleep time with end-tidal pCO2 > 50.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pre-operative (AHI) was 27 +/- 4 (mean +/- S.E.M.) and post operatively was 6 +/- 1 (P < 0.001). Twenty six of 48 (54%) had a postoperative AHI of less than five. Pre-operative percent of sleep with oxygen saturation below 90% was 17.9 +/- 4.5%, post-operatively it was 1.4 +/- 0.1% (P < 0.001). Pre-operative percent sleep time with end-tidal pCO2 > 50 was 22.3 +/- 3.4%, post operatively it was 12.6 +/- 2.9% (P < 0.01). UPPP was performed more commonly in patients with Down syndrome. There was a trend toward more improvement in patients who had T and performed than those undergoing UPPP (post op AHI of 4.7 vs. 7.4 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and UPPP are effective in the treatment of OSA in a diverse group of pediatric patients. Patients with asthma, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, morbid obesity, and hereditary syndromes all improved significantly with surgical management.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202-3591, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seibert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griebel
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014609:Uvula / Q000601:surgery