title: Disease-free and overall survival after cryosurgical monotherapy for clinical stages B and C carcinoma of the prostate: a 20-year followup.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We attempt to provide insight into the historical efficacy of cryosurgical monotherapy for prostate carcinoma through a single institution, retrospective, long-term followup.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1973 to 1977, 66 men underwent cryosurgical monotherapy for prostate carcinoma. Patient charts were reviewed to determine age, clinical stage, tumor grade, and progression-free, overall and cause specific survival status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 51 patients 47 to 81 years old (mean age 67.2) with clinically localized carcinoma 11 had clinical stage B and 40 had stage C disease. Tumor grade was well differentiated in 11 cases, moderately differentiated in 26, poorly differentiated in 11 and undetermined in 3. Recurrence was documented in 40 of the 51 men (78.4%) as local in 34 and unspecified in 6. Following recurrence all patients were treated with adjuvant therapy. All but 2 patients were followed until death with a mean followup of 93.7 months. Of the 51 men 24 (47.1%) died of disease and 17 (33.3%) died of an unspecified cause. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated median overall progression-free survival of 34 months and median overall survival of 75 months. Median progression-free survival by grade was 34 months for well differentiated, 36 for moderately differentiated and 14 for poorly differentiated disease (p = 0.0288), and 57 for stage B and 30 for stage C disease (p = 0.0377). Median overall survival by grade was 114 months for well differentiated, 80 for moderately differentiated and 82 for poorly differentiated disease (p = 0.4437), and 60 months for stage B and 78.5 for stage C disease (p = 0.4915).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As performed in this series cryosurgery was poorly effective for local control of prostatic carcinoma. Stage and grade correlated with the duration of tumor response but not with overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ahaghotu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loening
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: See
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003452:Cryosurgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors