title: Direct conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm with low-output, short-duration transesophageal atrial pacing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transesophageal atrial pacing (TAP) is useful for terminating paroxysmal non-self terminating atrial flutter (PAF); however, high output pacing of long stimulus duration causes severe symptoms such as chest pain. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low-output, short-duration TAP on the conversion of PAF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied low-output (within 15 mA with a pulse duration of 10 ms), short-duration (within 4 s) TAP in 31 patients (50 +/- 19 years) with PAF. Transesophageal pacing was delivered with 10 pulses of burst pacing at intervals that were 20 ms shorter than those of the flutter wave length. When the conversion was unsuccessful, we delivered 20 pulses of burst pacing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (52%) were converted directly to sinus rhythm and 12 (38%) to atrial fibrillation. Transesophageal pacing was ineffective in 3 (10%) patients. The duration of atrial flutter, maximum flutter wave amplitude, effective pacing intervals, underlying heart diseases, and cardiac function were not different between patients who had direct conversion to sinus rhythm and those converted to atrial fibrillation. The patients who had direct conversion to sinus rhythm had longer flutter wave cycle lengths than those converted to atrial fibrillation (248 vs. 221 ms, p < 0.005). No patient had complications and complained of any symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-output, short-duration TAP was useful to convert PAF directly to sinus rhythm without side effects.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ajisaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004566:Electrodes; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome