title: Transfer function analysis of cerebral autoregulation dynamics in autonomic failure patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autonomic nervous system diseases affect systemic blood pressure regulation. Patients with autonomic nervous system diseases have consistently larger drops in blood pressure associated with standing than the normal population. Autonomic dysfunction and/or these changes in blood pressure may affect dynamic cerebral autoregulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate, mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) of the middle cerebral artery via transcranial Doppler ultrasound, mean arterial blood pressure adjusted to brain level (MABPbrain) via Finapres, and end tidal CO2 were measured continuously during graded tilt (after 5 minutes in supine position as baseline, -10 degrees, +10 degrees, +30 degrees, +60 degrees, -10 degrees, and supine recovery) in autonomic failure patients and their age- and sex-matched control subjects. The dynamic response of MBFV to spontaneous variations in MABPbrain was investigated by cross-spectral analysis. The transfer gain and phase relationships between MBFV and MABPbrain were determined from the final 256 beats of each 5-minute-tilt segment. The transfer gain was normalized to mean MABPbrain and MBFV and then converted to decibels (dB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MBFV variation (0.03 to 0.14 Hz) preceded MABPbrain by similar phase angles in patients and control subjects and in all tilt conditions (patients: 31 +/- 5 degrees; control subjects: 30 +/- 5 degrees; mean +/- SEM). Patients had a higher supine gain than control subjects (P < .05). Both patients and control subjects showed a significant decrease in gain with tilt and by 60 degrees the patients were not different from the control subjects (supine to 60 degrees: patients = 5.23 +/- 0.77 to -1.65 +/- 0.89 dB; control subjects = 1.74 +/- 0.82 to -1.80 +/- 0.62 dB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate an altered, yet present, autoregulatory response with autonomic failure.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. cbflab@kinesiology.uwo.ca
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Blaber
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bondar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Dunphy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moradshahi
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018475:Head-Down Tilt / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial