title: Randomised multicentre trial of chronotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid in metastatic colorectal cancer. International Organization for Cancer Chronotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of chemotherapy may be affected by circadian rhythms. Therefore, we tested chronomodulated infusion (administered to coincide with relevant circadian rhythms) of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid compared with a constant-rate infusion method. The combination of three drugs was delivered for 5-day courses with 16-day intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We expected chronotherapy to increase objective response rate by 20% compared with constant-rate infusion. We tested this effect in a randomised multicentre trial involving patients with previously untreated metastases from colorectal cancer who were enrolled at nine institutions in three countries. 93 patients were assigned chronotherapy and 93 were assigned constant-rate infusion via multichannel programmable ambulatory pumps. The trial was interrupted when a significant difference in main outcome was reached. All data were analysed by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On enrollment, we found significant imbalances in two characteristics-abdominal gland or bone metastases (constant-rate infusion two patients, chronotherapy ten patients) and relapse from surgically treated metastases (constant-rate infusion seven patients, chronotherapy 22 patients). An objective response was obtained in 47 (51%) of the chronotherapy group, and in 27 (29%) of the constant-rate group (difference 21.5% [95% CI 13.7-31.2], p = 0.003). Chronotherapy reduced five-fold the rate of severe mucosal toxicity (14% vs 76%, p < 0.0001) and halved that of functional impairment from peripheral sensitive neuropathy (16% vs 31%, difference 15.0% [9.5-25.7], p < 0.01). Median time to treatment failure was 6.4 months on chronotherapy and 4.9 months on constant-rate infusion (p = 0.006), and 24% of the patients from the constant-rate infusion group received chronotherapy after failure. With a minimum follow-up of 3 years, median survival times and 3-year survival were similar in both groups (15.9 vs 16.9 months and 22% vs 21%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronotherapy was significantly less toxic and more effective than constant-rate infusion. The results support the concept of temporal selectivity of cancer chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lévi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zidani
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Misset
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019454:Chronotherapy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil