title: Characterization of T cell-mediated responses in nonhealing and healing Leishmania major infections in the absence of endogenous IL-4.
abstract: IL-4 drives polarized Th2 responses, and differentiating Th2 cells down-regulate their sensitivity to IL-12. Therefore, the failure of BALB/c mice to heal Leishmania major infection could be due to an IL-4-dependent biased Th2 response or to a reduced capacity of Leishmania-specific Th cells to respond to IL-12. We examined the ability of CD4+ Th cells from L. major-infected wild-type and IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice to respond to IL-12. We show that the inability of normal and IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice to heal L. major infections is due to their inability to generate effective Th1 responses and not to persistent IL-4-dominated Th2 responses. Redirection of immune responses in vivo by administration of IL-12 or anti-CD4 mAb treatment in the early phase of infection (+/-12 days) allows both normal and IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice to heal their lesions by allowing them to develop an efficient Th1 response regardless of the presence or the absence of IL-4. Finally, on a population level, Ag-specific Th cells from infected animals induced to heal display a strongly elevated response to IL-12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kropf
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Etges
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schopf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sypek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4