title: Management of headshaking in three horses by treatment for protozoal myeloencephalitis.
abstract: Unlike the incidence of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), which appears to be increasing, headshaking is an uncommon problem for horses in Missouri and the adjacent states. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis was incriminated in three horses examined for the treatment of headshaking on the basis of a neurological examination, an analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and their response to treatment. The headshaking and stereotypical behaviour associated with EPM was successfully treated with potentiated sulphonamides and pyrimethamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Crump
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Knibb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012522:Sarcocystis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012523:Sarcocystosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D011739:Pyrimethamine