title: Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension: efficacy, tolerability and safety compared to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of valsartan to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, lisinopril, and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 734 men and women were randomised in this multicentre, double-blind, optional titration, parallel group trial. Volunteers received valsartan 80 mg (n = 364), lisinopril 10 mg (n = 187) or placebo (n = 183) daily for 4 weeks, with subsequent titration of dose depending on response to treatment (valsartan 80 mg titrated to valsartan 160 mg once daily or valsartan 80 mg twice daily, lisinopril 10 mg titrated to lisonopril 20 mg once daily). Patients were assessed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary variable was change from baseline in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP). Other efficacy variables included sitting systolic blood pressure (SSBP) and percentage of 'successful' responders (SDBP <90 mm Hg or > or =10 mm Hg reduction from baseline).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All active treatment groups were shown to demonstrate significant reductions in SDBP compared to placebo at endpoint of therapy (least mean square reduction from baseline: valsartan 80/160 mg: -5.25 mm Hg (Cl -7.17, -3.34, P< 0.001); valsartan 80/80 mg twice daily: -5.63 mm Hg (Cl -7.51, -3.75, P< 0.001); lisinopril 10/20 mg: -6.93 mm Hg, (Cl -8.81, -5.05, P< 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the active treatment groups at endpoint of therapy. In patients requiring titration to a higher dose (placebo n = 142, valsartan 80/80 twice daily n = 124, valsartan 80/160 n = 114, lisinopril 10/20 n = 120), there were no significant treatment differences between valsartan 160 mg given as a single daily dose or as 80 mg twice daily (P = 0.658). Both valsartan and lisinopril produced similarly high percentages of 'successful' responders at endpoint of therapy. A somewhat higher frequency of drug related cough was observed in lisinopril treated patients (8%) compared to valsartan (1.1%) or placebo (0.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valsartan 80 mg daily, with titration to 160 mg daily as required, provides similar antihypertensive efficacy to lisinopril 10 mg daily with titration to 20 mg daily. Valsartan provides a new antihypertensive agent with comparable efficacy to lisinopril and appears to be associated with a reduced incidence of cough.
authors.affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shute
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoltz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallows
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012449:Safety; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014633:Valine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000068756:Valsartan; D017706:Lisinopril; D014633:Valine