title: Drug and alcohol use among injured motor vehicle drivers in Sweden: prevalence, driver, crash, and injury characteristics.
abstract: Injured motor vehicle drivers who were hospitalized (Umeå: n = 130) and fatally injured drivers who were autopsied (Umeå, Northern Sweden: n = 111; Gothenburg, Western Sweden: n = 136) from May 1991 through December 1993 were tested for alcohol and for both licit and illicit drugs. Nineteen percent of the Umeå-hospitalized drivers (UHDs), 26% of the Umeå fatally injured drivers (UFDs), and 21% of the Gothenburg fatally injured drivers (GFDs) tested positive for drugs and/or alcohol. Ten percent of the UHDs, 8% of the UFDs, and 6% of the GFDs tested positive for drugs. Almost 5% of the UHDs, had illicit drugs, and 6% had licit drugs. Only 3% of the GFDs and none of the UFDs had illicit drugs. Benzodiazepines, followed by opiates, tetrahydrocannabinol, and amphetamine were the most common drugs detected. Twelve percent of the UHDs, 24% of the UFDs, and 17% of the GFDs tested positive for alcohol. Two percent of the UHDs, 6% of the UFDs, and 2% of the GFDs had a combination of drugs and alcohol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Björnstig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ohman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solarz
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000401:mortality*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000401:mortality*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs