title: Hepatic glutamine synthetase deficiency in fatal hyperammonemia after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cause of severe acquired hyperammonemia, an uncommon but often fatal complication of organ transplantation and chemotherapy for cancer, is obscure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that liver glutamine synthetase deficiency may explain hyperammonemia in patients who have had organ transplantation or are receiving chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients who had fatal hyperammonemia after orthotopic lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver tissue was analyzed to determine the activities of two urea cycle enzymes and glutamine synthetase. Western blot assays for hepatic glutamine synthetase were performed to determine whether glutamine synthetase deficiency resulted from reduced enzyme levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activities of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine carbamoyltransferase in the liver were normal. The activity of hepatic glutamine synthetase was markedly reduced (in patient 1, 12% of the mean value in controls; in patient 2, 28% of the mean value in controls), and a concomitant reduction in the amount of glutamine synthetase protein was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperammonemia after transplantation was associated with hepatic glutamine synthetase deficiency in two patients, but the causal relation between these two conditions must be further studied.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuchman
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Rajagopal
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Furth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bavaria
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood*; D002222:Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) / Q000378:metabolism; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D002222:Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)