title: Bonding strengths of porcelain repair systems with various surface treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metal porcelain combined surfaces are often involved in the repairing of fractured porcelain fused to metal restoration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of surface treatments on the bonding strength of porcelain fused to metal prosthesis repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens (8 x 4 mm) were fabricated with Biobond II casting alloy and randomly divided into three surface groups: metal, porcelain, and metal-porcelain combined surface. Biobond porcelain system and commercially available porcelain repair systems were tested. The metal surface group was further divided into two subgroups: control and sandblasting treatment (Al2O3, 50 microns, 20 seconds). In the porcelain surface group, there were three subgroups: (1) control, (2) sandblasting, and (3) 9.5% hydrofluoric acid etching for 4 minutes. The metal-porcelain surface combined group was divided into three subgroups: (1) control, (2) sandblasting, and (3) sandblasting and etching. The manufacturer's instructions for repair systems were followed for specimen preparation. Shear bond strengths of 10 specimens for each subgroup were determined with a universal testing machine after storing in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Scheffé F-test at the 95% significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Liner-M repair system showed significantly greater strength than the other tested systems on the metal surface with or without sandblasting treatment (p < 0.05). On the porcelain surface, the strengths of sandblasting and etching subgroups ranged from 7.2 to 16.8 MPa, and 6.8 to 16.8 MPa, respectively. There were no significant differences in bond strengths between sandblasting and combined treatment of the metal-porcelain combined surface group (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that metal substrates treated with sandblasting and porcelain treated with either hydrofluoric acid or sandblasting can increase repair strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National Yang-ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D017269:Dental Prosthesis Repair / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid