title: Voice, speech and language characteristics of children with Prader-Willi syndrome.
abstract: Eleven individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), aged between 4 and 25 years, were compared with II non-PWS children of the same sex, age, body mass index and IQ level. Voice, speech and language skills were generally impaired in subjects with PWS. Oral motor function, pitch level and resonance were specifically disordered and clearly differentiated the two groups from each other. Certain biological perinatal factors separated subjects with PWS from other obese children and adolescents, but did not differentiate within the group with PWS and could not account for the speech/language problems. Underlying cerebral dysfunction, combined with a characteristic anatomy of the mouth and larynx in PWS, contributes to altered voice, speech and language function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Annedalskliniken, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akefeldt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akefeldt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013067:Speech Perception; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014833:Voice Quality