title: Role of spinal delta1 and delta2 opioid receptors in the antinociception produced by microinjection of L-glutamate in the ventromedial medulla of the rat.
abstract: This study examined the contribution of spinal delta1 and delta2 opioid receptors to the antinociception produced by microinjection of L-glutamate in either the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) or the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha (NGCp alpha) of the rat. Intrathecal (i.t.) pretreatment with 1 microg of 7-benzylidinenaltrexone (BNTX), a delta1 opioid receptor antagonist, did not antagonize the increase in tail flick latency (TFL) produced by microinjection of L-glutamate in either the NRM or the NGCp alpha. In contrast, i.t. pretreatment with 3 microg of naltriben (NTB), a delta2 opioid receptor antagonist, completely antagonized the increase in TFL evoked by microinjection of L-glutamate in the NRM, but did not antagonize the increase in TFL evoked from the NGCp alpha. These results suggest that the antinociception produced by activation of these bulbospinal pathways is predominantly mediated by spinal delta2 opioid receptors and that there is little, if any, contribution by spinal delta1 opioid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dh15@midway.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008845:Microinjections; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; C068868:naltrindole benzofuran; C064283:naltrindole 5'-isothiocyanate; C077358:7-benzylidenenaltrexone; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009271:Naltrexone