title: [How to manage intracranial empyemas in the absence of computerized tomography?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial, and especially subdural, empyemas are a medical emergency usually requiring surgical intervention. We suggest herein a protocol for their management in areas where CT is not yet available.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 patients with supratentorial empyemas (6 epidural abscesses, 6 subdural empyemas and 4 with both) diagnosed by surgical intervention in our department between 1986 and 1995 were studied. The etiological features were frontal sinusitis (7 cases), mastoid infection (1), trauma (5), previous operations (2) and unknown (1). Three patients were in a normal state of consciousness, 8 were drowsy and 5 were in a coma. Antibiotic treatment was empirical in 6 patients and specific in 10 patients. Surgical treatment was by multiple burr holes in 9 patients, small craniotomies in 3 patients, major craniotomies in 3 patients and by exploration of a previous craniotomy in 1 patient. A catheter was used for drainage in 12 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average follow-up was 2.7 years. Two patients died, 3 had seizures and 11 were able to lead a normal life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend a regime of 2 or 3 antibiotics as an initial treatment. A number of factors including ecological environment, availability of drugs and financial circumstances of each patient should be considered when determining the treatment to be used. Surgical techniques vary according to the surgeon's experience. In our medical centre, drainage via burr-holes is the initial method of treatment for supratentorial empyemas.
authors.affiliation: Service de neurochirurgie, Fondation Jeanne-Ebori, Líbreville, Gabon.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Loembe
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Idoundou-Antimi
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kouakou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mwanyombet-Ompounga
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kouna
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Assengone-Zeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage; D004653:Empyema / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005681:Gabon; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents