title: A histone deacetylase inhibitor potentiates retinoid receptor action in embryonal carcinoma cells.
abstract: Histone acetylation is thought to have a role in transcription. To gain insight into the role of histone acetylation in retinoid-dependent transcription, we studied the effects of trichostatin A (TSA), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, on P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. We show that coaddition of TSA and retinoic acid (RA) markedly enhances neuronal differentiation in these cells, although TSA alone does not induce differentiation but causes extensive apoptosis. Consistent with the cooperative effect of TSA and RA, coaddition of the two agents synergistically enhanced transcription from stably integrated RA-responsive promoters. The transcriptional synergy by TSA and RA required the RA-responsive element and a functional retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimer, both obligatory for RA-dependent transcription. Furthermore, TSA led to promoter activation by an RXR-selective ligand that was otherwise inactive in transcription. In addition, TSA enhanced transcription from a minimum basal promoter, independently of the RA-responsive element. Finally, we show that TSA alone or in combination with RA increases in vivo endonuclease sensitivity within the RA-responsive promoter, suggesting that TSA treatment might alter a local chromatin environment to enhance RXR/RAR heterodimer action. Thus, these results indicate that histone acetylation influences activity of the heterodimer, which is in line with the observed interaction between the RXR/RAR heterodimer and a histone acetylase presented elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minucci
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Russanova
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ogryzko
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabriele
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019281:Dimerization; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; C012589:trichostatin A; D014212:Tretinoin; D008156:Luciferases