title: Inescapable shocks accentuate fluctuations of forced swimming immobility in different phases of the rat estrous cycle.
abstract: The forced swimming test is an animal model that is sensitive to the different antidepressant treatments. On the other hand, it is also sensitive to the characteristic changes suffered by animals that have been previously exposed to different depression models. In the present study we explored the effects of inescapable shocks on the forced swimming test, during different phases of the rat estrous cycle. There was an increase of the immobility during diestrus as compared to estrus. Furthermore, inescapable shocks increased the immobility, but only during diestrus. Thus, the differences found between both phases of the estrous cycle were accentuated. Due to the fact that during diestrus there is an absence of progesterone, and that depressed women exacerbate their symptoms during the premenstrual phase, the authors suggest that the immobility registered during the forced swimming test may be useful in the study of premenstrual depression.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Psicología, Universidad de la Américas-Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir, México. mmarvan@udlapvms.pue.udlap.mx
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marván
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chávez Chávez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming