Outcome of clinical foot examination in relation to self-perceived health and glycaemic control in a group of urban Tanzanian diabetic patients.
Diabetic foot complications were studied in 153 patients at the university clinic in Dar es Salaam (56 insulin treated, 77 treated with oral agents and 20 with diet only). Neuropathy disability and symptoms scores were used to diagnose peripheral neuropathy (PN). Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was classified as ankle/brachial pressure index less than one. The degree of metabolic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and self-perceived health was measured with SF-36. PN was present in 28.1% of patients and 12.5% had PVD. Patients with PN had higher age and later onset of diabetes in comparison with patients without food complications. Patients with PVD had longer duration of diabetes and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with those free from PVD. HBA1c and body mass index did not seem to influence the occurrence of PN or PVD. Patients with PN had significantly poorer self-perceived health, whilst PVD-patients had health scorings equal to patients without any foot complications. PN, but not PVD, appeared to have a negative influence on patients self-perceived health. In comparison with studies from the industrial world, foot problems are as common in diabetic patients living in a developing country.
Wikblad
K
K
Centre for Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Järpvägen, Sweden. wikblad@uppsala.mail.telia.com
Smide
B
B
Bergström
A
A
Kessi
J
J
Mugusi
F
F
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin