title: Neuropeptide Y release from cultured hippocampal neurons: stimulation by glutamate acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate and AMPA receptors.
abstract: L-Glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and kainate increased the release of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity from primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons incubated in Mg2+(1.2 mM)-containing medium. The neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity released by 100 microM glutamate was mainly accounted for by neuropeptide Y (1-36), but consisted in part (about 20%) of peptide YY. The effect of 100 microM glutamate on neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity release was largely (about 70%) prevented by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (10 microM), while the remainder (about 30%) was sensitive to the AMPA/ kainate receptor antagonist 6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline-2-3-dione (10 microM). The AMPA(100 microM)-evoked release of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was strongly antagonized by 6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline-2-3-dione and by 1-aminophenyl-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine, but it was in part (15-20%) sensitive to dizocilpine. The releases of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity elicited by glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, AMPA and kainate were all strongly Ca(2+)-dependent. Tetrodotoxin (1 microM) abrogated the N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release and partly inhibited the release caused by glutamate, but did not modify significantly AMPA- or kainate-evoked release. Removal of Mg2+ from the medium caused increase of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity release, an effect prevented by dizocilpine maleate or 7-Cl-kynurenate. Cyclothiazide (10 microM), a drug known to prevent AMPA receptor desensitization, enhanced the neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity release elicited by 100 microM AMPA, but not that caused by 100 microM kainate. However, when used at a lower concentration (50 microM), kainate elicited a response that was potentiated significantly by cyclothiazide. It is concluded that glutamate can stimulate Ca(2+)-dependent release of neuropeptide Y from hippocampal neurons mainly through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and, less so, by activating cyclothiazide-sensitive receptors of the AMPA-preferring type.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gemignani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raiteri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C061950:GYKI 52466; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; C004639:cyclothiazide; D007608:Kainic Acid; D002118:Calcium