title: Heterogeneity of polarographic oxygen tension measurements in cervix cancer: an evaluation of within and between tumor variability, probe position, and track depth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the heterogeneity of cervix cancer oxygenation as measured using the Eppendorf polarographic electrode and define the optimal number of measurements required to adequately sample a cervix cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two to 6 tracks with 20-30 measurements per track were obtained in each of the 44 patients evaluated. One hundred sixty-eight tracks and 4719 measurements formed the basis of this analysis. Median pO2 and hypoxic proportion (HP5), defined as the percentage of pO2 values <5 mmHg, were calculated for each track and for each tumor. Within-tumor (W) and between-tumor (B) variability in oxygenation was evaluated using a variance component analysis. The standard error of the measured HP5 with each additional track in each patient was analysed as a function of the total number of tracks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio W/W + B was 0.67 and 0.76 for median pO2 and HP5, respectively, indicating that multiple measurements are needed to adequately sample a tumor. The median value of the standard error of the HP5 decreased from 7.0 to 4.0% from the first to the fifth track, respectively. It was estimated that adding the sixth track would only result in a small change (<0.3%) in the standard error. There was no significant difference in oxygen tension measurements as a function of the location of the measurements around the circumference of the cervix or the depth along the measurement tracks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant within tumor variability in oxygen tension in cervix cancer. Five tracks with 20-30 measurements per track is optimal to sample the oxygenation status of a cervix cancer. The present data does not suggest that there is a significant difference related to the position in the tumor at which the pO2 measurements were taken.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Cancer Site Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, and University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fyles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milosevic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintilie
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011048:Polarography / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*