title: Induction of ornithine decarboxylase by IL-3 is mediated by sequential c-Myc-independent and c-Myc-dependent pathways.
abstract: Enforced c-Myc expression promotes continuous, growth factor-independent, cell cycle progression and activates expression of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene and its promoter. c-Myc-responsiveness of murine ODC is mediated by two conserved c-Myc:Max E-boxes in ODC intron 1. c-Myc and ODC are both required for cell growth and their expression is sequentially induced in G0/G1 cells stimulated with mitogens, yet their expression is not modulated by the cell cycle in proliferating cells. Here we demonstrate that regulation of ODC and its promoter by Interleukin-3 (IL-3) in murine myeloid cells is mediated in part by c-Myc, c-Myc induced ODC through the same transcription start site as IL-3 and, in asynchronously growing cells, maximal activity of the ODC promoter required the intronic c-Myc binding sites. However, induction of ODC following IL-3 stimulation of quiescent cells is mediated by at least two pathways. The first phase of this response was independent of the intronic c-Myc:Max E-boxes and de novo protein synthesis. Sustained induction of the ODC promoter however required the c-Myc:Max binding sites and protein synthesis. Accumulation of c-Myc following stimulation of quiescent cells with IL-3 correlated with the delayed phase of the response. Consistent with a two pathway model of ODC regulation, inducible overexpression of dominant negative form of c-Myc (In373-Myc), which specifically inhibits the c-Myc-Max network, inhibited the delayed, but not immediate, induction of ODC promoter activity in response to IL-3. Dominant negative c-Myc protein also effectively suppressed induction of the endogenous ODC gene by IL-3. Therefore, c-Myc functions as a direct and required-regulator of ODC. These results also suggest a model whereby c-Myc's role in regulating its targets may be to convert a transient, immediate-early, activation event into the persistent induction of gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Packham
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cleveland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D016259:Genes, myc; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase