title: Three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonography of gastrointestinal lesions using an ultrasound probe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was carried out to ascertain the clinical usefulness and problems of three-dimensional (3D) images obtained with the ultrasound probe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen resected specimens and 21 patients were examined. After the images were recorded on video, 3D displays were produced using a workstation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the in vitro study the surface images were quite consistent with the macroscopic findings in 17 cases. In 2 esophageal cancers, 7 of 10 gastric cancers, and 2 colonic cancers the depth of tumor invasion was assessed accurately from the reconstructed images. In the in vivo study although 3 D display had some limitations, it was useful in esophageal and rectal lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new diagnostic method could visualize the 3D extent of gastrointestinal lesions and appears to have a useful clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Second Dept. of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arisawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014741:Video Recording