title: Introducing external cephalic version at 36 weeks or more in a district general hospital: a review and an audit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To audit the effect of introducing external cephalic version at > or = 36 weeks on breech delivery rates and modes, and to assess factors that affect external cephalic version success rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective unblinded study over 12 months of factors affecting external cephalic version success. A retrospective review of breech deliveries for 12 months before introducing external cephalic version and the first 12 months of practising external cephalic versions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Royal United Hospital, Bath.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three women (> or = 36 weeks) with breech presentation booked for external cephalic version, and 324 women with a singleton breech presentation at delivery between November 1992 and October 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  External cephalic version attempted on 89 women. Tocolysis was used on 41 of these women.
  
  
  METHODS
  External cephalic version success rate. Breech presentation rates (suitable for external cephalic version) at delivery. Delivery mode rates for breeches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  External cephalic version was successful in 39% of women. The breech presentation rate (external cephalic version suitable) at delivery fell from 2.7% to 2.4% of all deliveries. The vaginal breech delivery rate fell from 0.98% to 0.51%. The caesarean section rate was 63% for breeches (external cephalic version suitable) before external cephalic version introduction, and 47% among women who had an attempted external cephalic version.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attempted external cephalic version reduces the woman's risk of vaginal breech delivery and caesarean section. It provides individual women with a third management option and the possibility of avoiding a vaginal breech delivery or a caesarean section. To avoid one caesarean section takes 5.9 attempted external cephalic versions. This approach is expensive in operator time. Operator, placental site, position of fetal back and amniotic fluid index had a significant effect on the success of external cephalic version.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal United Hospital, Bath.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Healey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galimberti
mesh_terms: D001946:Breech Presentation; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014710:Version, Fetal