title: A single-channel implantable microstimulator for functional neuromuscular stimulation.
abstract: This paper describes a single-channel implantable microstimulator for functional neuromuscular stimulation. This device measures 2 x 2 x 10 mm3 and can be inserted into paralyzed muscle groups by expulsion from a hypodermic needle. Power and data to the device are supplied from outside by RF telemetry using an amplitude-modulated 2-MHz RF carrier generated using a high-efficiency class-E transmitter. The transmitted signal carries a 5-b address which selects one of the 32 possible microstimulators. The selected device then delivers up to 2 microC of charge store in a tantalum chip capacitor for up to 200 microseconds (10 mA) into loads of < 800 omega through a high-current thin-film iridium-oxide (IrOx) electrode (approximately 0.3 mm2 in area). A bi-CMOS receiver circuitry is used to: generate two regulated voltage supplies (4.5 and 9 V), recover a 2-MHz clock from the carrier, demodulate the address code, and activate the output current delivery circuitry upon the reception of an external command. The overall power dissipation of the receiver circuitry is 45-55 mW. The implant is hermetically packaged using a custom-made glass capsule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2122 USA. babak@engin.umich.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ziaie
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nardin
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Coghlan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Najafi
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000628:therapy