title: Incidence of awareness in total i.v. anaesthesia based on propofol, alfentanil and neuromuscular blockade.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no reliable technique for monitoring drug concentrations in total i.v. anaesthesia (TIVA) with muscle relaxation. An increased risk of awareness with TIVA has been stated as a possible drawback. The present study was conducted in order to assess the incidence of conscious awareness in TIVA based on propofol, alfentanil and neuromuscular blockade.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand patients anaesthetized with TIVA based on propofol, alfentanil, and neuromuscular blockade were subjected postoperatively to a structured interview for conscious awareness on two separate occasions: on discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit, and the day after anaesthesia. Five hundred of these patients were also interviewed a third time, approximately 1 week later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cases of awareness were detected (0.2%). One of these was identified immediately after extubation. The second patient had no memory of intraoperative events or dreams at the first interview, recalled a bad dream on the day after, and had explicit recall of intraoperative events at the interview 8 days later. In both cases, haemodynamic signs of inadequate anaesthesia were present. The incidence of conscious awareness in this study is similar to the lowest previously reported incidence of awareness following general anaesthesia in patients who had been paralyzed and thereafter subjected to a structured postanesthesia interview.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the true incidence of conscious awareness is to be determined, interviews must be extended beyond the first postoperative day. Our study indicates that if appropriate dosing of propofol and alfentanil are adhered to, and proper action is taken in case of haemodynamic alterations suggestive of inadequate anaesthesia, the incidence of conscious awareness in non-cardiac TIVA with neuromuscular blockade is low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Länssjukhuset, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015760:Alfentanil; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001364:Awareness; D004325:Dreams; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D015742:Propofol
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015760:Alfentanil; D015742:Propofol