title: Stability of CII is a key element in the cold stress response of bacteriophage lambda infection.
abstract: Bacteria are known to adapt to environmental changes such as temperature fluctuations. It was found that temperature affects the lysis-lysogeny decision of lambda such that at body temperature (37 degrees C) the phage can select between the lytic and lysogenic pathways, while at ambient temperature (20 degrees C) the lytic pathway is blocked. This temperature-dependent discriminatory developmental pathway is governed mainly by the phage CII activity as a transcriptional activator. Mutations in cII or point mutations at the pRE promoter lead to an over-1,000-fold increase in mature-phage production at low temperature while mutations in cI cause a smaller increase in phage production. Interference with CII activity can restore lytic growth at low temperature. We found that at low temperature the stability of CII in vivo is greatly increased. It was also found that phage DNA replication is blocked at 20 degrees C but can be restored by supplying O and P in trans. It is proposed that CII hampers transcription of the rightward pR promoter, thus reducing the levels of the lambda O and P proteins, which are necessary for phage DNA replication. Our results implicate CII itself or host proteins affecting CII stability as a "molecular thermometer".
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Kladki, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obuchowski
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shotland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koby
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giladi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabig
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wegrzyn
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
mesh_terms: D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004261:DNA Replication; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008242:Lysogeny; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013696:Temperature; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C024013:DNA replication complex protein, Bacteriophage lambda; C027812:O protein, Bacteriophage lambda; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; C039000:cII protein, bacteriophage lambda; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases