title: Intracranial pressure, middle cerebral artery flow velocity, and plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations in neurosurgical patients receiving sevoflurane or isoflurane.
abstract: This study examined the concentration-related effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on cerebral physiology and plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity (Vmca), intracranial pressure (ICP), electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation were measured, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and estimated cerebral vascular resistance (CVRe) were calculated at baseline and at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) sevoflurane (n = 8) or isoflurane (n = 6). Mannitol 0.5-0.75 g/kg was given before dural incision, and blood was sampled for plasma inorganic fluoride during surgery and for up to 72 h postoperatively. Both sevoflurane and isoflurane decreased Vmca (to 31 +/- 12 - 36 +/- 14 cm/s, mean +/- SD), did not significantly alter ICP (13 +/- 9 - 15 +/- 11 mm Hg), and did not cause epileptiform EEG activity. With sevoflurane, decreased Vmca was accompanied by decreased CPP and unchanged CVRe at 0.5 MAC, and unchanged CPP and increased CVRe at 1.0 and 1.5 MAC. Plasma inorganic fluoride was 39.0 +/- 12.9 microM at the end of anesthesia (3.2 +/- 2.0 MAC hours) with sevoflurane, similar to the value (36.2 +/- 3.9 microM) for 3.7 +/- 0.1 MAC hours sevoflurane in patients not receiving mannitol. Decreased Vmca during sevoflurane presumably results from decreased cerebral metabolic rate, with CVRe changing secondarily in accord with CPP. Plasma inorganic fluoride does not seem to be altered by mannitol-induced diuresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In neurosurgical patients, sevoflurane decreased middle cerebral artery flow velocity and caused no epileptiform electroencephalogram activity and no increase of intracranial pressure or plasma inorganic fluoride. These effects are suitable for neurosurgery. Two other possible effects of sevoflurane, i.e., increased cerebrospinal fluid volume and/or intracranial elastance, may not be suitable for neurosurgery and warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6540, USA. artruaa@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Artru
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sperry
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004231:Diuresis; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D008353:Mannitol; D003404:Creatinine; D007530:Isoflurane; D005459:Fluorides