title: Effects of vitamin A on growth of vitamin A-deficient children: field studies in Nepal.
abstract: Inconsistencies have been observed in the impact of vitamin A (VA) supplementation on early child growth. To help clarify this issue, a cohort of 3377 rural Nepalese, nonxerophthalmic children 12-60 mo of age were randomized by ward to receive vitamin A [60,000 microg retinol equivalents (RE)] or placebo-control (300 RE) supplementation once every 4 mo and followed for 16 mo. VA had no impact on annual weight gain or linear growth. However, arm circumference (AC) and muscle area (MA) growth improved in VA recipients, by 0.13 cm and 25 mm2, respectively, over controls. Growth of children with xerophthalmia, who were treated with >/= 120, 000 RE at base line, was also compared to that of nonxerophthalmic children, stratified by initial wasting status, and adjusted for sex, baseline age and measurement status. Among initially nonwasted children (AC >/= 13.5 cm), VA-treated xerophthalmic children (n = 86) gained 0.7 cm more in linear growth than nonxerophthalmic children. Among initially wasted children (AC < 13.5 cm), VA-treated children (n = 34) gained additional weight (672 g), height (approximately 1 cm), muscle (76 mm2) and fat (79 mm2) areas, and subscapular skinfold (1.3 mm) compared to changes observed in nonxerophthalmic children. Relative increments in soft tissue growth occurred within 4 mo of VA treatment, while the effect on linear growth was gradual. Moderate-to-severe VA deficiency, marked by xerophthalmia, is likely to impair normal physical growth, but milder stages of deficiency may not have this effect in rural South Asia.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Nutrition (CHN), Department of International Health and the Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology (DCPO), the Johns Hopkins Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: LeClerq
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khatry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012423:Rural Health; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A