title: Arrest of the cell cycle by the tumour-suppressor BRCA1 requires the CDK-inhibitor p21WAF1/CiP1.
abstract: Much of the predisposition to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer has been attributed to inherited defects in the BRCA1 tumour-suppressor gene. The nuclear protein BRCA1 has the properties of a transcription factor, and can interact with the recombination and repair protein RAD51. Young women with germline alterations in BRCA1 develop breast cancer at rates 100-fold higher than the general population, and BRCA1-null mice die before day 8 of development. However, the mechanisms of BRCA1-mediated growth regulation and tumour suppression remain unknown. Here we show that BRCA1 transactivates expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in a p53-independent manner, and that BRCA1 inhibits cell-cycle progression into the S-phase following its transfection into human cancer cells. BRCA1 does not inhibit S-phase progression in p21-/- cells, unlike p21+/+ cells, and tumour-associated, transactivation-deficient mutants of BRCA1 are defective in both transactivation of p21 and cell-cycle inhibition. These data suggest that one mechanism by which BRCA1 contributes to cell-cycle arrest and growth suppression is through the induction of p21.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cell Cycle Regulation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Houvras
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019556:COS Cells; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004247:DNA; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases