title: Internal fixation of experimental intraarticular calcaneal fractures: a biomechanical analysis of two fixation methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the mechanical stability of two different fixation techniques on experimentally induced calcaneus fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen fresh frozen cadaver lower limbs had intraarticular calcaneal fractures produced with an impact loading device. Internal fixation was then performed through lateral and medial approaches using 3.5-mm interfragmentary screws fixed to the posterior facet. Next, either a five-hole 1/3 tubular or five-hole reconstruction plate was placed on the lateral cortex. Radiographs were obtained to confirm reduction. The foot was then cyclically loaded for 500 cycles with a compressive load of 98 N, followed by loading to failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The displacement at the posterior facet fracture line between the loaded and unloaded foot at the 500th cycle was 0.30 +/- 0.08 mm and 0.39 +/- 0.18 mm for the tubular and reconstruction plates, respectively. These displacements were not statistically significant (Student's t test p > 0.3). The load and displacement at failure for the tubular plate were 2021 +/- 1050 N and 6.10 +/- 1.75 mm, respectively. Those for the reconstruction plate were 1923 +/- 697 N and 4.57 +/- 1.32 mm (p > 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the mechanical viability of using less prominent plates for the fixation of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tigges
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wayne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Earll
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D002102:Cadaver; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011859:Radiography; D016474:Weight-Bearing