[Quantification of lead, cadmium and chromium by sialochemistry].
OBJECTIVE
To determine the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) and establish the possible association of these heavy metals with some sociodemographic factors.


METHODS
A representative sample of one hundred dental students from the National Autonomous University of Mexico living in Mexico City participated in this study. Unstimulated human whole saliva samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.


RESULTS
Concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were higher than those reported elsewhere: Pb (X = 3.10 micrograms/dL-1; Maximum: 16.8 micrograms/dL-1 and Minimum: 0.04 microgram/dL-1), Cd (X = 0.25 microgram/dL-1; Maximum: 2.04 micrograms/dL-1 and Minimum: 0.004 microgram/dL-1) and Cr (X = 1.43 micrograms/dL-1; Maximum: 4.82 micrograms/dL-1 and Minimum: 0.05 microgram/dL-1). No association was found between the variables studied (age, sex, geographic area and canned food consumption) with Pb and Cr. However, an inverse association was found between Cd and age (Chi 2 = 5.9012, p < or = 0.05); (gamma = -0.5224, p < or = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Salivary monitoring can be used for detection of environmental pollutants (atmospheric or occupational), in addition for detection of drugs, and local and systemic diseases. Heavy metal pollution continues to be a public health problem, and therefore the government should form a program for eliminating pollutants from the environment. Likewise, other studies should be carried out to verify the association between variables such as sex, age, use of glazed ceramics, nutrition, and home address with the concentrations of heavy metals in saliva.
González
M
M
Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados en Odontologia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.
Banderas
J A
JA
Raya
C
C
Báez
A
A
Belmont
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead