Management of infections during intensive treatment of hematologic malignancies.
In febrile neutropenic patients with high-grade hematologic malignancies, empirical antimicrobial intervention is mandatory. Large randomized clinical trials have elucidated the benefit of broad-spectrum beta lactam antibiotics used as single drugs or in combination with aminoglycosides in order to provide activity against gram-negative aerobes as well as against streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, infection-related mortality was reduced to less than 10% also in patients undergoing intensified remission induction or consolidation therapy for acute leukemias. Distinct subgroups of patients have been identified who need an empirical modification of antimicrobial treatment i.e., patients with catheter-related infections, patients with pulmonary infiltrates, and patients with unexplained fever not responding to first-line antibiotics. In two consecutive, prospectively randomized trials conducted by the Paul Ehrlich Society it was demonstrated that empirical antifungal therapy is beneficial for second-line treatment in patients with persistent unexplained fever and should be part of the first-line approach in patients with lung infiltrates. The empirical addition of glycopeptides, however, should be restricted to patients with catheter-related infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Maschmeyer
G
G
Virchow-Klinikum of Humboldt University, Robert Rössle Cancer Center, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
Hiddemann
W
W
Link
H
H
Cornely
O A
OA
Buchheidt
D
D
Glass
B
B
Adam
D
D
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005544:Forecasting; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007769:Lactams; D017708:Leukocyte Transfusion; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007769:Lactams