title: Functional groups on the cleavage site pyrimidine nucleotide are required for stabilization of the hammerhead transition state.
abstract: The role of individual functional groups on cytidine 17 in the hammerhead ribozyme was assessed by introducing modified pyrimidines into two kinetically well-characterized hammerheads. As long as the pyrimide ring size was maintained, the modifications had no effect on substrate binding, suggesting that the C17-C3 hydrogen bond observed in the X-ray structure is energetically neutral. However, modification of the exocyclic amino group and the carbonyl of C17 reduced the cleavage rate significantly, indicating that these groups are important in stabilizing the transition-state structure. C17 modifications did not affect the ratio of the forward and reverse reaction rates. Thus, unlike that believed previously, C17 is another one of many hammerhead residues critical in maintaining its active structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baidya
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ammons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matulic-Adamic
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Karpeisky
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beigelman
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Uhlenbeck
mesh_terms: D003562:Cytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D011743:Pyrimidines; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D003562:Cytidine