title: Heterozygous lipoprotein lipase deficiency: frequency in the general population, effect on plasma lipid levels, and risk of ischemic heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with mutations on both alleles of the lipoprotein lipase gene resulting in complete lipoprotein lipase deficiency exhibit the chylomicronemia syndrome with severe hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk of pancreatitis and possibly of ischemic heart disease. This study examined frequency, lipid levels, and risk of ischemic heart disease for heterozygous carriers of lipoprotein lipase mutations known to cause the chylomicronemia syndrome in the homozygous state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two mutations were screened for in 9259 individuals in a general population sample and in 948 patients with verified ischemic heart disease. The percent frequencies of heterozygous individuals with the Gly188-->Glu and Ile194-->Thr substitutions in the general population were 0.06% (95% CI, 0.04% to 0.23%) and 0% (95% CI, 0.00% to 0.12%), respectively. The Gly188-->Glu substitution was associated with an increase in plasma triglycerides of 0.8+/-0.3 mmol/L (mean+/-SEM) and a decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, and glucose levels of 0.45+/-0.07 mmol/L, 17+/-6 mg/dL, and 1.1+/-0.2 mmol/L, respectively. On multiple logistic regression analysis allowing for age, sex, plasma cholesterol, plasma lipoprotein (a), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and body mass index, both plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were independent predictors of ischemic heart disease. Finally, the Gly188-->Glu substitution was more common among patients with verified ischemic heart disease (percent frequency of heterozygous individuals, 0.32%) than among individuals from the general population (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 19.6). The effects of the Gly188-->Glu substitution were more pronounced than those of the common Asn291-->Ser substitution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterozygous lipoprotein lipase deficiency due to the Gly188-->Glu substitution appears to increase plasma triglycerides and reduce HDL levels and may thereby predispose carriers to ischemic heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abildgaard
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wittrup
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steffensen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tybjaerg-Hansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001216:Asparagine; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005998:Glycine; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007532:Isoleucine; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012694:Serine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D007532:Isoleucine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012694:Serine; D001216:Asparagine; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D005998:Glycine