title: Local production of oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide in rat diaphragm during sepsis: effects of pentoxifylline and somatostatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of giving lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities in rat diaphragm, and see whether they could be modified by giving pentoxifylline (PTXF) or somatostatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  76 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 19: control (saline/saline), LPS/saline, LPS/PTXF and LPS/somatostatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LPS was given intraperitoneally either 30 minutes (early, n = 10 in each group) or 120 minutes (late, n = 9 in each group) before treatment with saline, PTXF (45 mg/kg) or somatostatin (200 microg/kg) given intraperitoneally. Rats were killed 120 minutes after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes content, and MPO, NO synthase, and PLA2 activities in diaphragmatic tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conjugated dienes and MDA content, as well as MPO, NO synthase, and PLA2 activities were significantly increased in the rats given LPS. Independently of the timing of treatment, both PTXF and somatostatin completely prevented these increases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible that treatment with PTXF or somatostatin may reduce the risk of ventilatory failure and speed recovery in septic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Hospital Universitario San Carlos), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arias-Díaz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres-Melero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Balibrea
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013004:Somatostatin; D009195:Peroxidase; D010431:Pentoxifylline