title: Complex shape changes in isolated rat osteoclasts: involvement of protein kinase C in the response to calcitonin.
abstract: The cytoplasmic spreading of osteoclasts has been used to assess responsiveness to agents such as calcitonin and associated signal transduction mechanisms. Although cyclic AMP and intracellular calcium are known mediators of calcitonin effects in osteoclasts, the role of protein kinase C (PKC) is less clear. We have used time-lapse videomicroscopy of isolated rat osteoclasts to characterize shape changes induced by calcitonin, forskolin, and phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in the absence and presence of PKC blockers. Treatment with calcitonin reduced cytoplasmic plan area but increased perimeter length, resulting in a characteristic "stellate" appearance, whereas forskolin produced "nonstellate" contraction. The response of osteoclasts to PMA was dose dependent. High concentrations (10(-7)-10(-6) M) produced biphasic responses with transitory, calcitonin-like "stellate" contraction followed by sustained expansion, whereas low concentrations (10(-11)-10(-9) M) produced expansion only. The effects of low-concentration PMA could be prevented by pretreatment with a PKC blocker, whereas the effects of high concentrations were only partially inhibited. The effects of forskolin were unchanged by pretreatment with the PKC blocker. Treatment with calcitonin in the presence of various PKC blockers resulted in paradoxical transient expansion followed by contraction. These results indicate that calcitonin-induced shape change in osteoclasts is a complex process involving protein kinase C in addition to cyclic AMP-dependent mechanisms and possibly other factors.
authors.affiliation: The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, The Geelong Hospital, Box 281, Geelong 3220, Australia.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002469:Cell Separation; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D005576:Colforsin / Q000633:toxicity; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002273:Carcinogens; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; D005576:Colforsin; C028815:salmon calcitonin; D002116:Calcitonin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C058819:calphostin C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate