title: Technical and economic feasibility of reusing disposable perfusion cannulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The reuse of disposable devices is a potential source of significant cost savings to hospitals. Venous and arterial perfusion cannulas under new and reused conditions were selected to identify the clinical, safety, technical, logistic, and economic issues that must be addressed to realize these savings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single- and dual-stage venous and arterial cannulas from two manufacturers were tested when new, after initial clinical use, and after a single clinical use plus up to nine simulated reuses. Reuse was simulated by end-to-end bending, coupling and uncoupling of the connectors, and by two 1-hour soaks in plasma at 4 degrees and 40 degrees C, respectively. Cannulas were decontaminated and then processed by a peracetic acid-based liquid chemical sterilization system after each use/reuse. Sterilization was validated by eliminating Bacillus subtilis spores from the cannulas on each of five consecutive cycles. Cannulas were tested for physical changes, functional integrity, biocompatibility, and in vivo performance in sheep. A cost analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sterilization was successfully achieved. Mechanical changes were less than 20% on all variables studied and were undetectable by experienced cardiac surgeons in selective evaluation. No clinically important differences were found between new and reused cannulas, even after nine simulated reuses. Reusing cannulas four times would reduce the cost per procedure from $53 to $19 (64%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary data suggest that the perfusion cannulas tested can be safely and efficaciously used five times. Limited reuse of these disposable cannulas is technically feasible and cost-effective. Cannula reuse would result in a small incremental savings; however, with more expensive devices and higher-volume sterilization procedures, the savings could be considerably greater. This program provides a model for evaluation of other single-use medical devices for reuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland 44195, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cornhill
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Malchesky
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bolsen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Haire
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Loop
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000191:economics; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D017743:Equipment Reuse / Q000191:economics; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D012756:Sheep; D013242:Sterilization; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014102:Torsion Abnormality
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials