title: Effect of chronic immune system activation on the rate, efficiency, and composition of growth and lysine needs of pigs fed from 6 to 27 kg.
abstract: The influence of a low and a high level chronic immune system (IS) activation on growth and dietary nutrient needs of pigs was evaluated. All pigs were of a single genetic strain and geographical site of origin, and the low and high IS pigs were created by physically isolating pigs from or continuously exposing pigs to major vectors of environmental antigen transmission. In each IS group, four littermate barrows in each of six litters were allotted at 25 +/- 2 d of age to one of four dietary amino acid regimens (.60, .90, 1.20, or 1.50% dietary lysine. Dietary lysine concentrations were achieved by altering the ratio of corn to soybean meal resulting in lysine being the first-limiting amino acid in each diet. Pigs were individually penned in facilities maintained at 25.6 +/- 2 degrees C and allowed to freely consume feed from 6.2 to 26.5 kg BW. On the basis of the differences in serological antibody titers, lymphocyte CD4+:CD8+ ratios, and serum alpha-1-acylglycoprotein concentrations, low and high levels of IS activation were established and maintained during the study. Minimizing the degree of chronic IS activation resulted in greater feed intakes (P < .09), body weight and protein gains (P < .01), gain:feed ratios (P < .01), and body leanness (protein:lipid, P < .01). The level of IS activation did not influence the partial efficiency of energy utilization for body protein and lipid accretion. To allow their greater capacity for body growth and protein accretion to be expressed, the low IS pigs required greater dietary lysine concentrations and daily lysine intakes than high IS pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Stahly
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D008239:Lysine