title: Homocysteine in sickle cell disease: relationship to stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk factors and pathophysiology of stroke and other serious complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) are poorly defined. Hyperhomocysteinemia has recently been identified as a risk factor for stroke and other vascular diseases in the general population, however its role in SCD has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum homocysteine and red cell folate levels in 100 patients with SCD, including 16 patients with stroke. A disease severity score was determined for all patients and those without stroke were classified into mild (44 patients) or severe (40 patients) disease groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homocysteine levels for the stroke group (median 13.3 mumol/L, mean 13.1 +/- 4.3 mumol/L) were significantly higher than those in patients without stroke (median 9.7 mumol/L, mean 10.7 mumol/L) (P < 0.02), and on multiple regression analysis homocysteine level was independently correlated with stroke (P < 0.026). Homocysteine and folate levels were inversely correlated (r = -0.41, P < 0.00005). Using logistic regression, the odds ratio for stroke in patients with homocysteine levels above the median (10.1 mumol/L) was 3.5 in this group of patients (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 11.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High homocysteine levels may be a risk factor for development of stroke in SCD patients. The role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of stroke in SCD needs to be examined in a longitudinal, prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekhsaria
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perlin
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid