I kappa B proteins: structure, function and regulation.
The Rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors represent the paradigm of regulation of transcriptional activation through sub-cellular localization. In unstimulated cells, NK-kappa B exists in an inactive state in the cytoplasm complexed to the inhibitory I kappa B molecules. Upon stimulation, I kappa B is rapidly degraded, freeing NF-kappa B to translocate to the nucleus and to activate the expression of its target genes. In this chapter, we will summarize what is known about the structure of I kappa B molecules, their functions, the mechanisms of I kappa B degradation, and the most common upstream signaling pathway (that is, serine phosphorylation) that leads to I kappa B degradation. Finally, we will discuss alternative mechanisms for induction of NF-kappa B through regulation of I kappa B activity.
Whiteside
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Unité de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Expression Génique, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Israël
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D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D014157:Transcription Factors
D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497593:RELB protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D010770:Phosphotransferases