title: Neutrophil elastase inhibitor, ONO-5046, modulates acid-induced lung and systemic injury in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acid instillation leads to direct lung and to secondary systemic organ injury, probably via activated macrophages and neutrophils. This study investigated the effects of neutrophil elastase on organ injury after unilateral lung acid instillation by administrating a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, ONO-5046, before acid instillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of anesthetized rabbits (n = 12 in each group) underwent tracheostomies, and instillations were made into their right lower lobe airspaces with either phosphate buffered saline (pH, 7.4; volume, 1.2 ml/kg; n = 12) or HCl (pH, 1.25; volume, 1.2 ml/kg; n = 24). In half of the acid-instilled rabbits, ONO-5046, 10 mg/kg, was given intravenously 15 min before the HCl instillation, and then 10 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) of the drug was continuously infused throughout the experiment. The other groups of animals received the vehicle intravenously. Anesthesia and mechanical ventilation was continued for 8 h, whereas arterial blood gases were sampled intermittently. Eight hours after saline or acid instillation, the animals were killed, and their lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and small intestines were harvested. Wet-to-dry weight ratios (W/ D) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays of these organs were done, and elastase assays on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) obtained from each lung also were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with ONO-5046 attenuated the physiologic changes seen in the vehicle-treated animals. Significant decreases in W/D of the noninstilled lungs and of the small intestine and normalization of the oxygenation of the experimental animals occurred. The ONO-5046 pretreatment did not affect the neutrophil sequestration in the lungs or in the other organs as determined by neutrophil counts in BALF and by the MPO assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A neutrophil elastase inhibitor, ONO-5046, administered immediately before acid instillation attenuated the physiologic changes seen in the vehicle-treated animals. The drug blocked neutrophil elastase but did not block neutrophil sequestration in the lungs, although the drug improved measurements of lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiener-Kronish
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011817:Rabbits; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; C069195:sivelestat; D009195:Peroxidase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D005998:Glycine