title: MR evaluation of radiation otomastoiditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of radiation otomastoiditis, on using T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, in relation to radiation fields, doses, intervals, and clinical symptoms after radiotherapy that included the temporal bone in the fields.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed follow-up MR examinations at various intervals after radiotherapy including the temporal bones for 270 ears of 114 patients with various diseases of the head and neck and intracranial regions. The middle ear and mastoid air cells on T2-weighted images were scored as follows; showing no high signal intensity, a local high signal intensity area, or a high signal intensity area occupying the entire middle ear and all mastoid air cells. The radiation fields as depicted on the lateral simulator films classed as anterior to the clival line, posterior to the clival line, or both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of radiation otomastoiditis depicted on T2-weighted MR images increased in the patients who had received irradiation doses of 50 Gy or more. In the patients with doses of less than 50 Gy, the incidence was 18% within 6 months following radiotherapy, 13% at between 6 and 12 months, and 8% after 12 months, whereas it was more than 50% at any period after radiotherapy in the patients with 50 Gy or more. The incidence of radiation otomastoiditis was quite high in the patients whose radiation fields included region both anterior and posterior to the clival line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of radiation otomastoiditis as demonstrated on T2-weighted MR images is increased at irradiation doses of 50 Gy or more. To reduce the incidence of severe radiation otomastoiditis, the irradiation fields of the temporal bone when the dose is 50 Gy or more should be limited to as small as possible. The clival line is considered to be a good landmark in reducing the irradiation field when doses of 60-70 Gy are delivered in curative radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Honjo, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furusawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage