title: Effects of beta-carotene and canthaxanthin on aflatoxicosis in broilers.
abstract: In 2 x 3 factorial experiments, 240 broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0, 0.01, and 0.02% beta-carotene or canthaxanthin with or without 5 ppm aflatoxin to determine the effects of these two carotenoids on the health and well-being of broilers subjected to aflatoxin poisoning. Neither beta-carotene nor canthaxanthin was effective at overcoming the growth-depressing effects of aflatoxin. Relative liver weights were significantly higher in broilers receiving dietary aflatoxin in the presence of beta-carotene but not canthaxanthin. beta-Carotene and canthaxanthin had no effect on antibody production against infectious bursal disease (IBD). Interestingly, secondary antibody production against IBD was enhanced by the presence of aflatoxin in the diet. Canthaxanthin significantly increased the concentrations of cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, and triglyceride, all of which were significantly depressed by aflatoxin. beta-Carotene did not effect any of the measured blood analytes. There was a significant interaction between canthaxanthin and aflatoxin with respect to creatine kinase activity. Creatine kinase activity decreased as dietary canthaxanthin increased in the presence of aflatoxin. The data suggest that beta-carotene is not effective at ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens but that canthaxanthin may be somewhat effective with respect to certain clinical blood chemistry indicators.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Okotie-Eboh
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kubena
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Chinnah
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D018175:Birnaviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D016644:Canthaxanthin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007243:Infectious bursal disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D016644:Canthaxanthin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D002802:Cholinesterases