title: 7-spirobenzocyclohexyl derivatives of naltrexone, oxymorphone, and hydromorphone as selective opioid receptor ligands.
abstract: On the basis of previous structure-activity studies of the highly potent and selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (1) and the spiroindanyl analogues 2 and 3, we have synthesized epimeric pairs of spirobenzocyclohexyl derivatives of naltrexone, oxymorphone, and hydromorphone (4-9). Pharmacologic evaluation in smooth muscle assays has revealed that the oxymorphone derivatives (6, 7) are delta-selective agonists and possess receptor binding profiles that are consistent with their agonist activity. It is proposed that the spirobenzocyclohexyl group of 6 and 7 orients its benzene moiety orthogonally with respect to the C ring of the opiate in a manner similar to that of the spiroindanyl analogue 3. It is suggested that this orthogonal orientation serves as an "address" to facilitate activation of delta receptors. The finding that the hydromorphone analogues (8, 9) were full mu agonists and exhibited only partial delta agonist activity suggests that the 14-hydroxyl group also contributes to the delta agonist activity. The naltrexone derivatives (4, 5) were mu-selective antagonists and exhibited relatively weak delta antagonist activity. However, the binding data indicated a very high-affinity delta-selective binding profile that was not consistent with the pharmacology. This study illustrates the differential contributions of the delta "address" to agonist and antagonist activity and supports the idea of different recognition sites for interaction of agonist and antagonist ligands with delta-opioid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Portoghese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists* / Q000187:drug effects; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D009294:Narcotics; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D009271:Naltrexone; D010111:Oxymorphone; D004091:Hydromorphone