title: Treating problem behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement.
abstract: The examination of controlling contingencies in an analysis of problem behavior has been an important clinical topic of discussion in the field of developmental disabilities for many years. We know that problem behavior may be maintained by positive reinforcement or by negative reinforcement. From a clinical perspective, we seem to know more about behavioral techniques that are used when the problem behavior is maintained by positive reinforcement that we understand about those techniques that may be applied when a problem behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement. In this paper, we identify four treatment techniques that may be applied when problem; behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement: (a) functional communication training; (b) behavioral momentum; (c) differential reinforcement or an alternative escape behavior; and (d) errorless learning. Each of the four techniques will be defined, applications and guidelines for use delineated.
authors.affiliation: California School of Professional Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cipani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spooner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004924:Escape Reaction; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000628:therapy*; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000628:therapy*