title: A pilot study of the theoretical and technical competence and appropriate education for the use of nine physical agent modalities in occupational therapy practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study described occupational therapy practitioners' perceptions about the content and method of training or education necessary for gaining theoretical and technical competence in the use of nine physical agent modalities (PAMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was developed and sent to 543 members of the Physical Disabilities Special Interest Section of the American Occupational Therapy Association who had identified their primary area of practice as hand therapy. One hundred and fifty-one completed surveys (28% response rate) were returned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respondents indicated that theoretical and technical expertise necessary for competent use of PAMs varied according to the type of modality being considered. Continuing education courses were identified as the best method for gaining theoretical and technical competence for the use of deep thermal agents, such as ultrasound and electrical stimulation agents, whereas entry-level professional education and one-the-job training were identified as most appropriate for superficial thermal agents, such as paraffin bath and hot and cold packs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that considerations regarding the type and amount of education necessary for gaining theoretical and technical competence in the use of PAMs depend on the type of modality being addressed. These differences should be considered in the future development of competency objectives for the use of PAMs.
authors.affiliation: Boise Veteran's Medical Center, Idaho, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Glauner
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ekes
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003479:Curriculum; D004496:Education, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000193:education*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000193:education*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011361:Professional Competence; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation