title: Late estrus or metestrus insemination after estrual inseminations decreases farrowing rate and litter size in swine.
abstract: A study was conducted with 360 gilts and sows from four herds to determine whether fertility was affected when the final of multiple inseminations was performed in late estrus or metestrus (late insemination). Sows and gilts were inseminated at 24-h intervals immediately after the detection of estrus. After receiving a first insemination, females were paired according to parity and estrus status on d 2 of estrus. Each pair set was inseminated with extended semen from the same semen collection(s). Control females were inseminated once on d 1 if they were not in estrus on d 2 (n = 31) or on both days if they were in estrus on d 2 (n = 149). Late inseminated females in each pair were managed and inseminated in the same manner as control females and then inseminated again 24 h later regardless of estrus status. Overall reproductive performance was similar among the four herds. Late insemination caused a drop in farrowing rate in parity 1 and 2 females (23 and 22%; P < .05 and P < .01, respectively) and average litter size decreased by 1.1 pigs per litter (P < .05) regardless of parity. There were no differences in either litter size or farrowing rate between late inseminated females in estrus and those that were in metestrus at the time of their last insemination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rozeboom
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Troedsson
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Shurson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hawton
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Crabo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors