Beta 3-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism: a newly identified risk factor for proliferative retinopathy in NIDDM patients.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of visual impairment. We investigated whether the polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenoreceptor (beta 3-AR) gene, which is associated with insulin resistance and an earlier onset of NIDDM, was associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 215 Japanese NIDDM patients with a duration of diabetes of > or = 10 years. The polymorphism of the beta 3-AR gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The Trp64Arg allele of the beta 3-AR gene was significantly more frequent in the NIDDM patients with PDR (P = 0.002), but not in those with non-PDR (P = 0.151), than in NIDDM patients without diabetic retinopathy. Those with the mutation had an earlier onset of diabetes, a longer duration of diabetes, and higher current and maximal BMI values, compared with those without the mutation. Moreover, this mutation was also associated with higher serum triglyceride and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. When adjustment was made for age, age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, current BMI, systolic blood pressure, HbA1e, and serum lipids in a multiple regression analysis, a significant association was found between the Trp64Arg allele and diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.039). The Arg/Arg or Arg/Trp genotype was significantly associated with PDR, compared with the Trp/Trp genotype, with an odds ratio of 2.55 (95% CI 1.25-5.16). We concluded that the beta 3-AR gene polymorphism is a newly identified risk factor for PDR.
Sakane
N
N
First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
Yoshida
T
T
Yoshioka
K
K
Nakamura
Y
Y
Umekawa
T
T
Kogure
A
A
Takakura
Y
Y
Kondo
M
M
D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D014280:Triglycerides