title: Radiotherapy in stage IIA and IIB testicular seminoma with reduced portals: a prospective multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective multicenter study was carried out to estimate the treatment outcome of radiotherapy in Stage II seminoma after the application of modern staging and radiotherapy techniques. The lower margin of the iliac field was positioned on the upper rim of the acetabulum to reduce the amount of scattered irradiation to the remaining testicle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in 25 centers in Germany. Patients with pure seminoma, negative AFP-values, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases of less than 5 cm in diameter were entered into the study. All patients received a ventrodorsal opposed field irradiation of the para-aortic and the ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes. The fields extended from the top of the 11th thoracic vertebra to the top of the acetabulum. Patients in Stage IIA (lymph nodes <2 cm ) received 30 Gy, and patients with Stage IIB (lymph nodes between 2 and 5 cm) 36 Gy total dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  39 patients in Stage IIA and 19 patients in Stage IIB were evaluated. After a median observation time of 37 months all patients are alive and disease free. Recurrence free survival in stage IIA was 100%. Two patients in Stage IIB experienced a recurrence 10 and 17 months after the end of radiotherapy. The actuarial recurrence free survival estimate in Stage IIB was 94.1% for 1 year and 87.4% for 2 years. One recurrence in Stage IIB occurred in the mediastinum, one in the mediastinum, and one the lung. Both patients could be salvaged by chemotherapy. There were no pelvic recurrences. The treatment was well tolerated, with nausea being the most common side effect (56.9% Grade 1, 15.5% Grade 2, and 8.6% Grade 3). Diarrhea occurred in 15.5% (Grade 1), 15.5% (Grade 2), and 5.2% (Grade 3) of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac irradiation in Stage IIA/B testicular seminoma is excellent with the currently available staging methods and treatment facilities. The treatment is well tolerated. The lower margin of the iliacal field can be placed at the acetabulum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bamberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Classen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Templin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wiegel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dornoff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haase
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D018239:Seminoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome