title: A comparison between microwave irradiation and decapitation: basal levels of dynorphin and enkephalin and the effect of chronic morphine treatment on dynorphin peptides.
abstract: Opioid peptides were analysed in tissue extracts of various brain structures and the pituitary gland from rats sacrificed by microwave irradiation, and compared with peptide levels in tissue extracts from decapitated rats. Dynorphin A, dynorphin B and Leu-enkephalinArg6, derived from prodynorphin, and Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 from proenkephalin, were measured. Basal immunoreactive levels of dynorphin A and B were consistently higher in extracts from microwave-irradiated rats, whereas in these extracts immunoreactive levels of Leu-enkephalinArg6, an endogenous metabolite of dynorphin peptides, were either lower than, the same as or higher than in decapitated rats. Immunoreactive levels of Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 were higher in microwave-irradiated rats. Effects of morphine treatment on prodynorphin peptide levels were evaluated and compared with previous findings in decapitated rats. Dynorphin immunoreactive levels were higher in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of morphine-tolerant rats than in corresponding areas in saline-treated rats. These results indicate tissue-specific metabolism of prodynorphin peptides and show that metabolism of opioid peptides occurs during the dissection procedure after decapitation of the rat even though precautions are taken to minimize degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Ingrid.Nylander@farmbio.uu.se
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nylander
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stenfors
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tan-No
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mathé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terenius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003655:Decerebrate State / Q000378:metabolism; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004723:Endorphins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D004745:Enkephalins; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D004399:Dynorphins; D009020:Morphine; C036200:rimorphin