title: Angiogenesis and inflammation in invasive carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation between angiogenesis and inflammation in invasive carcinoma of the breast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections from 75 invasive carcinomas of the breast were stained using immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor, CD3, CD8, CD45RO, CD45RA, CD20, CD68, and c-erbB-2. Tumour vascularity was assessed by counting vessels in the three most vascular areas, and calculating the average (x 400 magnification, field 0.168 mm2). Each pattern of inflammation was scored semiquantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main pattern of inflammation was a diffuse infiltrate of macrophages, and to a lesser extent T cells. Perivascular and perilobular clusters of B and T cells were noted at the edge of the carcinomas, but were less prominent than the diffuse inflammation. Diffuse inflammation, particularly macrophages, was associated with high tumour grade, tumour necrosis, large tumour size, and c-erbB-2 expression. Perivascular and perilobular inflammation also increased with tumour grade. Tumour vascularity increased slightly with intensity of diffuse inflammation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rs = 0.17, p = 0.08), and was inversely related to perilobular inflammation (rs = -0.23, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlations between inflammation and vascularity were weak in this study (r2 about 0.04) and thus there was no evidence of an important relation. Discrepancies between this and other studies may be resolved by studying expression of angiogenic cytokines and proteolytic enzymes by tumour infiltrating inflammatory cells, and their relation to tumour vascularity.
authors.affiliation: Hedley Atkins Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Happerfield
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bobrow
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Millis
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology