title: Seroepidemiology of human toxoplasmosis in Chile.
abstract: A series of already published and unpublished seroepidemiological surveys for toxoplasmosis, carried out in Chile in 1982-1994, is reviewed, expanded and analyzed. The surveys included 76,317 apparently healthy individuals of different ages (0.57% of the country's total population), from 309 urban and rural-periurban localities. Urban groups were integrated by blood donors, delivering mothers and middle grade schoolchildren, while rural-periurban individuals corresponded to unselected family groups. Blood samples were collected in filter paper. The presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The test resulted positive in 28,124 (36.9%) of the surveyed people. Two hundred and six (0.3%) individuals presented IHAT titers > or = 1000, probably corresponding to acute or reactivated infections. A progressive increase of positive IHAT from northern to southern regions of the country was noted, phenomenon probably related to geographical conditions and to a higher production and consumption of different types of meat in the latter regions. It is postulated that ingestion of T gondii cysts by humans is epidemiologically as important as ingestion of oocysts. The result presented stress the epidemiological importance of toxoplasmosis in humans, and warn about eventual implications in immunocompromised patients and in transplacental transmission, organ transplants and transfusions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schenone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villarroel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan