title: Steroids and gunshot wounds to the spine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study demonstrated that there were neurological benefits from "spinal cord injury" doses of methylprednisolone for blunt spinal cord injuries. In this review, we examined the relative risk/benefit ratio of intravenously treating spinal gunshot wound victims with steroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of 254 consecutive patients who were treated between 1979 and 1994 for gunshot wounds to the spine (C1-L1) and a spinal cord injury. Three subgroups were established based on the administration of the steroids methylprednisolone (National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study 2 protocol), dexamethasone (initial dose, 10-100 mg), and no steroids. All patients who received steroids were initially treated at another hospital and then transferred. No patients received steroids at our institution. The data analyzed included neurological outcome and infectious and noninfectious complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant neurological benefits were demonstrable from the use of steroids (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone). Infectious complications were increased in both groups receiving steroids (not statistically significant). Gastrointestinal complications were significantly increased in the dexamethasone group (P = 0.021), and pancreatitis was significantly increased in the methylprednisolone group (P = 0.040). The mean duration of follow-up was 56.3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective, nonrandomized review, no neurological benefits were detectable from intravenously administered steroids after a gunshot wound to the spine. Both infectious and noninfectious complication rates were higher in the groups receiving steroids. Patients who sustain a spinal cord injury secondary to a gunshot wound to the spine should not be treated with steroids until the efficacy of such treatment is proven in a controlled study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Heary
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Northrup
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Balderston
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cotler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000139:chemically induced; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008775:Methylprednisolone