title: [Two cases of toluene embryopathy with severe motor and intellectual disabilities syndrome].
abstract: We reported two patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities syndrome, who were born to mothers having inhaled organic solvents during pregnancy. They had microcephaly, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, seizures, growth failure and minor craniofacial anomalies, variable growth deficiency including a small midface, narrow bifrontal diameter, low-set ears, thin upper lips and micrognathia. Patient 1, a male, died at 8 years and 8 months. The autopsy of his brain revealed marked cerebral atrophy and destruction of bilateral temporal lobes with ventricular enlargements. Microscopic examination revealed migration disorders with polymicrogria at the remaining cerebrum and the cerebellum as well as very thin white matter. Much hemosiderin was found around ventricles, suggesting recurrent minimal bleedings which led to more brain atrophy. Patient 2, a 5 months old male infant, had infantile spasms. On CT and MRI, he had bilateral temporal lobe defect, which might be due to the infarction of bilateral middle cerebral arteries at the prenatal period. These clinical findings are similar to those of other embryopathies, caused by alcohol, phenytoin and other agents. Hersh et al. reported five cases of toluene embryopathy in 1985 and 1988, but they did not report such central nervous system abnormalities. The pathogenesis of toluene embryopathy remains to be solved, but our cases suggested the possible teratogenesis of toluene.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000139:chemically induced; D002648:Child; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000139:chemically induced*; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D013577:Syndrome; D014050:Toluene / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D014050:Toluene