title: A unique role of the beta-2 thyroid hormone receptor isoform in negative regulation by thyroid hormone. Mapping of a novel amino-terminal domain important for ligand-independent activation.
abstract: Negative regulation by thyroid hormone is mediated by nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) acting on thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). We examine here the role of human TR-beta2, a TR isoform with central nervous system-restricted expression, in the regulation of target genes whose expression are decreased by triiodothyronine (T3). Using transient transfection studies, we found that TR-beta2 achieved significantly greater ligand-independent activation on the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and common glycoprotein alpha-subunit genes than either TR-beta1 or TR-alpha1. A chimeric TR-beta isoform containing the TR-beta2 amino terminus linked to the TR-alpha1 DNA- and ligand-binding domains functioned like the TR-beta2 isoform on these promoters, confirming that the amino terminus of TR-beta2 was both necessary and sufficient to mediate this effect. By constructing deletion mutants of the TR-beta2 amino terminus, we demonstrate that amino acids 89-116 mediate this function. This domain, important in ligand-independent activation on negative TREs, is discrete from a previously described activation domain in the amino-terminal portion of TR-beta2. We conclude that the central nervous system-restricted TR-beta2 isoform has a unique effect on negative regulation by T3 that can be mapped to amino acids 89-116 of the amino terminus of the human TR-beta2.
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zanger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Safer
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Wondisford
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008156:Luciferases