title: Factors contributing to recurrent carotid disease following carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrospective analysis was performed to assess the effect of gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking upon residual disease, recurrent disease, and progression of disease following carotid endarterectomy (CE). The effect of patch versus primary closure was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative duplex studies were performed following 323 CEs at months 1, 6, 12, and 24. Residual disease was defined as luminal stenosis >59% at 1 month. Progression of disease was defined as stenosis at any month that was greater than stenosis at month 1. Recurrent disease was nonresidual stenosis >79%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation was found between age at operation <65 years and cigarette smoking; both also correlated with progression of disease on serial studies, as well as recurrent stenosis <79%. Primary closure of the arteriotomy correlated with residual disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary closure of the arteriotomy following CE increases the likelihood of residual disease. Smokers and those aged <65 years are predisposed to progression of postoperative disease, and to development of recurrent stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Indiana/Ohio Heart, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46801, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ladowski
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shinabery
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Deschner
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D018450:Disease Progression; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects