title: Cytokines in autoimmune disease.
abstract: Cytokines are peptide hormones that regulate a wide variety of immune and inflammatory processes. Individual cytokines are produced by many different cell types and exhibit pronounced pleiotropism. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha interleukins -5, -10, and -12 play important roles in immunity. Interleukins -2 and -4, and transforming growth factor gamma mediate lymphocyte activation and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha