title: Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life. Consensus statement update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reexamine the conclusions of the 1991 National Institutes of Health Consensus Panel on Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life in light of current scientific evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included National Institutes of Health staff and experts drawn from the Planning Committee and presenters of the 1991 Consensus Development Conference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants summarized relevant data from the world scientific literature on the original questions posed for the conference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants reviewed the original consensus statement and identified areas for update. The list of issues was circulated to all participants and amended to reflect group agreement. Selected participants prepared first drafts of the consensus update for each issue. All drafts were read by all participants and were amended and edited to reflect group consensus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review concluded that, although the initial consensus statement still holds, there is important new information in a number of areas. These areas include the onset and course of late-life depression; comorbidity and disability; sex and hormonal issues; newer medications, psychotherapies, and approaches to long-term treatment; impact of depression on health services and health care resource use; late-life depression as a risk factor for suicide; and the importance of the heterogeneous forms of depression. Depression in older people remains a significant public health problem. The burden of unrecognized or inadequately treated depression is substantial. Efficacious treatments are available. Aggressive approaches to recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are warranted to minimize suffering, improve overall functioning and quality of life, and limit inappropriate use of health care resources.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md 20857, USA. blebowit@nih.gov
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lebowitz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Conwell
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mossey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niederehe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parmelee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D000075202:Contraindications; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents