title: The direct effects of diazepam and midazolam on myocardial depression in cultured rat ventricular myocytes.
abstract: We examined the direct myocardial depressant effects of diazepam and midazolam and determined whether a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil, or an L-type Ca2+ channel agonist, Bay K 8644, affects the myocardial depression induced by diazepam and midazolam in cultured rat ventricular myocytes. Ventricular myocytes of neonatal rats were obtained by enzymatic digestion with collagenase and cultured for 6-7 days. The myocytes were stabilized in serum-free medium, and the spontaneous beating rate and amplitude were measured by determining displacement with a fiberoptic sensor. Myocytes were exposed to either diazepam or midazolam at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microM. The beating rate and amplitude were measured 4 min after diazepam or midazolam administration. In other cells, either diazepam or midazolam was administered at each concentration in the presence of flumazenil or Bay K 8644. Midazolam and diazepam decreased the beating rate and amplitude concentration-dependently. These myocardial depressant effects were prevented by Bay K 8644 and, to a lesser degree, by flumazenil. Thus, the L-type Ca2+ channel is important in the direct myocardial depression caused by diazepam and midazolam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes the direct effect of midazolam and diazepam on intrinsic myocardial contraction using cultured rat ventricular heart cells. Both of these drugs have a direct myocardial depressant effect at the cellular level, which is mainly mediated by an inhibition of the sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakae
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Namiki
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D005442:Flumazenil; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam