title: The value of Hughes-Cardiff classification in the management of perianal Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the value of Hughes' pathogenic classification in the prognosis and management of perianal Crohn's disease (CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This classification differentiates between purely inflammatory lesions and their mechanical or septic complications, and defines the presence of ulceration (U), fistula (F) and stricture (S), which are assigned a score of 0, 1 or 2 according to the severity and associated conditions, proximal intestinal involvement and disease activity (A, P and D). Of a series of 96 patients with CD, 12 underwent 16 procedures involving anesthesia to treat symptomatic anal lesions. Patients presenting with severe pain were explored and treated by surgical drainage or, in cases in which there was no demonstrable sepsis, by gentle dilation or infiltration with steroids. For superficial, non-specific fistulas, conventional fistulotomy was performed, and long-term seton drainage was implanted for complex fistulas. Strictures were treated by gentle dilation. Uncontrolled sepsis or proctocolitis was managed by proximal stoma creation or proctocolectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The association of cavitating ulcers (U2) and contiguous active rectal involvement (P1) was a contraindication for rectal preservation, making proctectomy or stoma creation the most feasible therapeutic option. The etiology of most, but not all, complex fistulas (F2) was the progressive cavitation of U2, whilst F1 was either of cryptoglandular origin or the result of epithelialized fissures (U1). The treatment was also adjusted to this association, and it was confirmed that most of the severe lesions (F2) and S2) were secondary to U2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hughes' pathogenic classification: 1) makes it possible to set up an easily stored registry of anal and perianal Crohn's disease; 2) identifies predefined lesions, allowing the individualization of therapeutic procedures and the comparison of results, and 3) provides prognostic information.
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Príncipe de Asturia University Hospital Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Enríquez-Navascúes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tobaruela
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camuñas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gila
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ratia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castaños
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000628:therapy*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged