title: Blood substitutes: evolution and future applications.
abstract: The development of oxygen-carrying blood substitutes has progressed significantly in the last decade with phase I and phase II clinical trials of both hemoglobin-based and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers nearing completion. As these products approach clinical use it is important for the laboratory medicine community to be aware of their effects on routine laboratory testing and the settings in which they might be used. Here we review the forces driving the development of oxygen-carrying blood substitutes, the clinical settings in which they might be used, the major categories of oxygen carriers in clinical trials, and the challenges faced by these products as they approach clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kucik
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Goodnough
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Monk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects; D002417:Cattle; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D010100:Oxygen