title: [Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography assessment of mitral valve insufficiency: Comparison of jet area, pulmonary venous flow profile, proximal jet diameter, maximal regurgitation flow rate and regurgitation orifice area with angiography].
abstract: In transesophageal echocardiography several methods have been used to grade mitral regurgitation. For a direct comparison of these techniques, 36 patients (60 +/- 13 years) with native mitral regurgitation underwent multiplane transesophageal echocardiography and angiography within 5 days. We compared the following measurements: 1) The maximal color jet area of mitral regurgitation, 2) the ratio of maximal systolic to diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity in the left upper pulmonary vein, 3) the proximal jet width of mitral regurgitation, 4) the maximal regurgitant flow rate Qmax, measured by the proximal convergence method, 5) the regurgitant office area Areg, calculated by dividing Qmax by maximal regurgitant velocity obtained by continuous wave Doppler.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation between color jet area (r = 0.4; p < 0.05) or pulmonary venous flow (r = -0.3; p = n.s.) with angiographic severity of mitral regurgitation is low. The sensitivity of the retrospective best cut-off values is 69% (color jet area) and 83% (pulmonary venous flow). Using retrospective best cut-off values all patients with mitral regurgitation Sellers grade III and IV are correctly identified by a proximal jet width > or = 0.7 cm, Qmax > or = 300 ml/s or a Areg > or = 0.5 cm2 (sensitivity and specificity of 83-100%). Spearman's rank coefficient demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.75-0.77; p < 0.001) between proximal jet width, Qmax and Areg and with angiographic severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiplane transesophageal echocardiographic grading of mitral regurgitation by proximal jet width or proximal convergence zone shows comparably good results and is clearly superior to grading by color jet area or pulmonary venous flow, if adequate image quality is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frieske
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engelhard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reineke
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Flachskampf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanrath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology