title: Cerebrospinal fluid tissue factor and thrombin-antithrombin III complex as indicators of tissue injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No marker that reflects and predicts brain injury due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and cerebral vasospasm has been reported. We hypothesized that membrane-bound tissue factor (mTF) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SAH become markers indicating brain injury. To evaluate the hypothesis, we correlated levels of mTF and TAT in the CSF of patients with SAH with clinical severity, the degree of SAH, and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assayed CSF mTF, TAT and myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with SAH at intervals that included days 0 to 4 and days 5 to 9 after ictus. Classification of clinical severity of disease on admission was based on Hunt and Hess grade, degree of SAH on CT on Fisher's grading, and outcome 3 months after SAH on the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the interval from days 0 to 4, mTF and TAT correlated with Hunt and Hess and Fisher grades, and occurrence of cerebral infarction due to vasospasm. Only mTF correlated significantly in this period with outcome. TAT, mTF, and MBP all correlated significantly with each other. From days 5 to 9, only mTF correlated with cerebral infarction, infarction volume, MBP levels, and outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both mTF and TAT reflected brain injury from SAH and predicted vasospasm, though mTF was more sensitive and a better predictor of outcome. Unlike mTF, TAT did not correlate with vasospasm during the interval when it most commonly occurs, which raised doubt about thrombin activation as a cause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan. yhira@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D013925:Thromboplastin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases