title: Use of CTLA4-Ig in combination with conventional immunosuppressive agents to prolong allograft survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of our study was to determine the effectiveness of CTLA4-Ig, a novel immunosuppressive agent, in augmenting allograft survival when combined with either cyclosporine, sirolimus, donor-specific bone marrow alone (BM), or bone marrow in conjunction with antilymphocyte serum (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness skin allografts were used in C3H to B6AF1 (class I mismatch) and AKR to C57BL/6 (complete mismatch) models. Groups of mice (n=6-14) were treated with various combinations of the following treatment protocols: murine CTLA4-Ig, L-6 control Ig, sirolimus, cyclosporine, ALS, or ALS/BM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the class I mismatch model, L-6 control Ig had no effect whereas use of CTLA4-Ig alone resulted in a doubling of the median graft survival compared with controls. The addition of either sirolimus or cyclosporine to CTLA4-Ig increased graft survival over that achieved with CTLA4-Ig alone. CTLA4-Ig demonstrated no efficacy when used in combination with BM, ALS, or ALS/BM. CTLA4-Ig was clearly less effective in the complete mismatch model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that CTLA4-Ig may be effective clinically in combination with cyclosporine or sirolimus but offers no additional effectiveness in combination with antilymphocyte serum with or without donor-specific bone marrow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Monaco
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008806:Mice, Inbred AKR; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011090:Polyenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011090:Polyenes; D000069594:Abatacept; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus