Mediastinal mature teratoma: imaging features.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to characterize the cross-sectional imaging features of mediastinal mature teratomas.


METHODS
Sixty-six cases of mediastinal mature teratoma were retrospectively reviewed, noting clinical, radiologic, surgical, and pathologic findings. The patient population consisted of 38 females and 28 males who were 1 week to 67 years old (mean age, 23 years 10 months).


RESULTS
Forty-six patients presented with symptoms, predominantly chest pain, dyspnea, and cough. Twenty patients were asymptomatic. Fifty-four tumors were found in the anterior mediastinum, two in the posterior mediastinum, one in the middle mediastinum, and nine in multiple compartments. CT studies (n = 66) showed masses of heterogeneous attenuation with varying combinations of soft tissue, fluid, fat, and calcium. Soft-tissue attenuation was observed in 66 tumors (100%), fluid in 58 tumors (88%), fat in 50 tumors (76%), and calcification in 35 tumors (53%). The most frequent combination of attenuations was soft tissue, fluid, fat, and calcium, which was noted in 26 masses (39%). The combination of soft tissue, fluid, and fat was seen in 16 tumors (24%); and the combination of soft tissue and fluid was seen in 10 tumors (15%). Fat-fluid levels were seen in seven masses (11%).


CONCLUSIONS
Mediastinal mature teratoma typically manifests on CT as a heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass containing soft-tissue, fluid, fat, or calcium attenuation, or any combination of the four. Fluid-containing cystic areas, fat, and calcification occur frequently. Cystic lesions without fat or calcium were seen in 15% of tumors. Fat-fluid levels, considered highly specific for the diagnosis of mediastinal mature teratoma, are uncommon. CT is the imaging technique of choice in the evaluation of these lesions.
Moeller
K H
KH
Department of Radiology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889-5000, USA.
Rosado-de-Christenson
M L
ML
Templeton
P A
PA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013724:Teratoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed