title: DNA vaccination against virus infection and enhancement of antiviral immunity following consecutive immunization with DNA and viral vectors.
abstract: Recent demonstrations of the immunogenicity of antigens encoded in DNA plasmids following delivery by various routes have heralded a new era in vaccine development. In this article, we review progress in DNA-based antiviral immunoprophylaxis. Preclinical studies have already established the immunogenicity of DNA plasmids encoding protective antigens from a wide variety of viral pathogens and work published in recent months has raised real prospects of broadly protective DNA vaccination against infections with influenza virus and HIV. We also describe a consecutive immunization protocol consisting of a priming dose of vaccine antigen encoded in DNA plasmids followed by a booster with the same antigen encoded in recombinant fowlpox virus vectors. We have used this strategy to generate protective antiviral cell-mediated immunity and sustained, high-level antibody responses both systemically and at mucosae, and to elucidate immunological mechanisms underlying the development of immunity to antigens delivered in DNA vectors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Cell Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Alistair.Ramsay@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D005586:Fowlpox / Q000517:prevention & control; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D051379:Mice; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA