title: Evaluation of bactericidal activity and lag of regrowth (postantibiotic effect) of five antiseptics on nine bacterial pathogens.
abstract: Lag of regrowth or postantibiotic effect (PAE) relates to suppression of bacterial regrowth following short exposure to an antimicrobial agent. A delay in regrowth has not yet been studied for antiseptics to any great extent. We therefore examined and compared the lag of regrowth and the bactericidal activity of five antiseptics (chloramine T, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, phenoxyethanol and mandelic-lactic acid) against nine bacterial pathogens. Delay in regrowth was determined by application of two concentration-time schedules: a test concentration at the MBC with a contact time of 1 h or using fixed suboptimum concentration of each antiseptic for 2 min (optimum concentrations sterilized the culture, impeding assessment of regrowth) followed by a neutralization-dilution step and subsequent viable counting to follow bacterial regrowth. Each antiseptic displayed a different spectrum of activity in terms of MIC or MBC, bactericidal effect and lag of regrowth. The delay in regrowth varied from 0 to 5.7 h with only a few discrepancies between the two treatment schedules. Mandelic-lactic acid and chloramine T induced a significantly longer lag as compared with the other agents, whereas phenoxyethanol produced the shortest lag values. No significant correlation between the killing rate and the lag of regrowth could be demonstrated. Information on bactericidal activity, as well as lag of regrowth, could be a useful screening method for the efficacy of antiseptics. Moreover, data on lag of regrowth could contribute to the choice of antiseptic and guide in determining the optimum interval between repeated applications of antiseptics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development in Microbiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuursted
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjort
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knudsen
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002700:Chloramines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002700:Chloramines; D004202:Disinfectants; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C016300:chloramine-T; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D002710:Chlorhexidine