title: The human antibacterial cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is synthesized in myelocytes and metamyelocytes and localized to specific granules in neutrophils.
abstract: hCAP-18 is the only human member of the antibacterial and endotoxin-binding family of proteins known as cathelicidins. The antibacterial and endotoxin binding domains reside in the C-terminal 37 amino acids of the protein (LL-37) and this is believed to be unleashed from the neutralizing N-terminus by proteases from peroxidase positive granules. In human neutrophils, peroxidase positive and peroxidase negative granules can be subdivided into granule subsets that differ in protein content and ability to be exocytosed. To determine the localization of hCAP-18, we performed high-resolution immuno-electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation on Percoll density gradients. Biosynthesis of hCAP-18 was investigated in isolated human bone marrow cells. hCAP-18 was found to colocalize and comobilize with lactoferrin, but not with gelatinase in subcellular fractions. This was confirmed by electron microscopy. hCAP-18 is synthesized at the same stage of myeloid cell maturation as lactoferrin, and is efficiently targeted to granules. Like the peroxidase negative granule's matrix metalloproteinases, collagenase and gelatinase, hCAP-18 is also stored in unprocessed form. hCAP-18 is a major protein of specific granules where it is present in equimolar ratio with lactoferrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The Finsen Center, The National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arnljots
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cowland
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bainton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borregaard
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054804:Cathelicidins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism*; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054804:Cathelicidins; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D015759:Ionomycin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D009195:Peroxidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; D018093:Gelatinases