High-dose intravenous insulin infusion versus intensive insulin treatment in newly diagnosed IDDM.
High-dose intravenous insulin infusion at the onset of IDDM has been suggested to improve beta-cell function during the 1st year of insulin treatment. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned newly diagnosed IDDM patients to receive either an experimental 2-week high-dose intravenous insulin infusion (n = 9; age, 25 +/- 7 years; HbA1e, 10.5 +/- 2.0%) or an intensive insulin therapy of four injections per day (n = 10; age, 28 +/- 7 years; HbA1c, 12.3 +/- 3.0%). The experimental-therapy group received three times more insulin (1.2 +/- 0.4 U.kg-1.day-1) than the intensive-therapy group (0.4 +/- 0.1 U.kg-1. day-1, P < 0.0005). By week 3, both groups were treated similarly with intensive insulin therapy and were followed for 1 year. beta-cell function was evaluated with fasting plasma C-peptide and glucagon-stimulated and mixed meal-stimulated C-peptide concentrations. In both groups, insulin doses were comparable, and HbA1c levels were near normal during follow-up. At diagnosis of IDDM, fasting C-peptide was 0.40 +/- 0.13 nmol/l in the experimental-therapy group and 0.39 +/- 0.23 nmol/l in the intensive-therapy group. Irrespective of treatment, a slight decline of fasting C-peptide was observed in sequential measurements up to 12 months in both groups (delta, -0.13 and -0.08 nmol/l, respectively; NS). Glucagon-stimulated C-peptide concentrations decreased from 0.54 +/- 0.18 and 0.70 +/- 0.39 nmol/l at month 0 to 0.41 +/- 0.20 and 0.61 +/- 0.52 nmol/l, respectively, at month 12. In the experimental-therapy group, mixed meal-stimulated C-peptide concentrations (area under the curve over 2 h) increased from 82.10 +/- 43.72 to 101.20 +/- 32.53 nmol/l and in the intensive-therapy group, from 75.05 +/- 46.01 to 107.20 +/- 102.51 nmol/l. Changes in stimulated C-peptide concentrations between month 0 and 12 were not significant in both groups. During follow-up, fasting and stimulated C-peptide concentrations were not significantly different between the experimental-therapy group and the intensive-therapy group. We conclude that as initial treatments of newly diagnosed IDDM, high-dose intravenous insulin infusion and intensive insulin therapy equally preserve beta-cell function during the 1st year of insulin therapy.
Schnell
O
O
Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany.
Eisfelder
B
B
Standl
E
E
Ziegler
A G
AG
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005934:Glucagon; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male
D002096:C-Peptide; D005934:Glucagon; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin