title: Suppression of acetylcholine-induced relaxation by local anesthetics and vascular NO-cyclic GMP system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local anesthetics have been demonstrated to attenuate acetylcholine-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, but the mechanism responsible has not been elucidated. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether this effect of local anesthetics is due to suppression of the vascular nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP (cGMP) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat aortae were cut into helical strips and mounted in bathing solution to measure isometric tension changes. They were precontracted with phenylephrine (0.3 microM) then exposed to cumulative concentrations of relaxants including acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and papaverine, in the absence or presence of local anesthetics. Aortae for cGMP measurements were cut longitudinally into pairs of strips and bathed in the solution without tension. In the absence or presence of anesthetics, they were stimulated with acetylcholine or SNP, and the cGMP content of each strip was radioimmunoassayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted aortae was attenuated by lidocaine (30-300 microM), tetracaine (10-30 microM), bupivacaine (10-100 microM) and ropivacaine (30-100 microM). SNP-induced relaxation was attenuated by lidocaine (300 microM), tetracaine (30 microM), bupivacaine (10-100 microM) and ropivacaine (30-100 microM). Papaverine-induced relaxation was attenuated by lidocaine (300 microM), bupivacaine (30-100 microM) and ropivacaine (30-100 microM), and augmented by tetracaine (30 microM). Cyclic GMP levels in acetylcholine-stimulated aortae were reduced significantly by lidocaine (300 microM), tetracaine (100 microM) and bupivacaine (300 microM) treatment, but not by ropivacaine (300 microM). SNP-stimulated cGMP levels were reduced by tetracaine (100 microM) but not by any other anesthetics at the concentrations tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that lidocaine, tetracaine and bupivacaine suppress acetylcholine-stimulated formation of cGMP. However, the attenuation of acetylcholine-induced relaxation by local anesthetics is not totally ascribable to reduced cGMP levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Vinh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010208:Papaverine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000109:Acetylcholine