title: A colorimetric PCR-enzyme immunoassay to identify hantaviruses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hantaviruses cause two serious human diseases: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. At least nine hantaviruses are known to be pathogenic for humans and numerous others, with unknown disease potential, have been detected in rodents. Assays to quickly identify specific hantaviruses would be useful both for clinical diagnosis and in risk assessment studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of our study was to develop and test a specific and sensitive PCR-based assay for identification and differentiation of hantaviruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed an assay that combined RNA-PCR amplification and colorimetric enzymatic detection to identify representative European, Asian, and north American hantaviruses. RNAs from 18 hantavirus strains of nine species were amplified in the presence of digoxigenin-dUTP by using a single pair of oligonucleotide primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed by using rTth DNA polymerase. Digoxigenin-labeled PCR products were hybridized in solution to virus type-specific biotinilated probes, captured onto streptavidin-coated microtiter plates and detected by horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibodies and a chromogenic substrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assay correctly identified each homologous virus type tested. The detection limit of the assay was approximately 15 PFU or at least 50 copies of the viral genome. The assay is simple and strain-specific and is adaptable for automation, making it more practical than other available techniques for accurate and reliable diagnosis and typing of hantaviruses.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dekonenko
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Schmaljohn
mesh_terms: D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral