title: Memory of extracellular adenosine A2A purinergic receptor-mediated signaling in murine T cells.
abstract: Accumulation of extracellular and intracellular adenosine (Ado) under hypoxic conditions or in the absence of adenosine deaminase results in lymphocyte depletion and in severe combined immunodeficiency, which are currently explained by direct intracellular lymphotoxicity of Ado metabolites. In support of the alternative, "signaling" mechanism, we show that extracellular Ado (extAdo) suppresses all tested T cell receptor (TCR)-triggered effector functions of T lymphocytes including the TCR-triggered FasL mRNA up-regulation in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Strong evidence against the intracellular lymphotoxicity of Ado (and in support of the signaling model) is provided by abrogation of TCR-triggered growth inhibition in Ado-exposed T cells. The brief exposure to Ado was sufficient to observe inhibition of TCR-triggered effector functions. The "memory" of T cells to exposure to extAdo is best explained by sustained increases in cAMP. Selective agonist (CGS21680) and antagonist (ZM241385) of A2A adenosine receptor were used in functional assays and cDNA probes for different sybtypes of adenosine receptors were used in Northern blot studies. A2A receptors are identified as the predominantly expressed subtype of Gs-coupled Ado receptors in T cells. The demonstration of cross-talk between the A2A receptors and TCR in both directions support the possible role of A2A receptors in mechanisms of extAdo-mediated immunosuppression in vivo under adenosine deaminase deficiency and hypoxic conditions in, e.g., solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apasov
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sitkovsky
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D005089:Exocytosis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010627:Phenethylamines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; C097270:ZM 241385; D019014:fas Receptor; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D000241:Adenosine