title: Microsatellite in the beta-tubulin gene of Toxoplasma gondii as a new genetic marker for use in direct screening of amniotic fluids.
abstract: To examine the correlation between Toxoplasma gondii genotype and congenital human toxoplasmosis, the polymorphism of the microsatellite consisting of a dinucleotide (TG) repeat in the intron of the beta-tubulin gene was investigated by PCR. Thirty-four reference strains were studied, including 7 strains virulent in mice and 27 strains avirulent in mice. The seven virulent strains had a (TG)8 microsatellite, and the avirulent strains had a (TG)7 microsatellite. This confirms the dichotomy already observed for virulent and avirulent strains. Additionally, 37 samples of amniotic fluid from infected fetuses were tested. All of them had the (TG)7 microsatellite marker. This result confirms that most of the human cases of congenital toxoplasmosis are due to strains avirulent in mice. Nevertheless, their virulence in human fetuses was obvious, as numerous abnormalities were observed on ultrasonic examination. The new genetic marker is the first one directly used for typing T. gondii isolates without any bias due to cultivation of the parasite. This microsatellite marker is not sufficient to type the strains which are avirulent in mice; however, seeking more polymorphic microsatellites should be worthwhile to obtain new genetic markers for direct screening of biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Marcel Dassault, Hôpital Américain de Paris, Neuilly/Seine, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dardé
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Assouline
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidaud
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bretagne
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D005260:Female; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D012015:Reference Standards; D013045:Species Specificity; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D014404:Tubulin