title: Extra-amniotic saline infusion for induction of labour in antepartum fetal death: a cost effective method worthy of wider use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of extra-amniotic saline with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha in inducing labour in pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-one women in the extra-amniotic saline group and 123 women in the intra-amniotic prostaglandin group, performed at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe during the period October 1994 to February 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two methods were equally effective in achieving delivery. The number of women not delivering within 48 hours of recruitment was 6% for the extra-amniotic saline group compared with 11% for the intra-amniotic prostaglandin group (relative risk [RR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.21-1.22). The extra-amniotic saline group required augmentation with Syntocinon more frequently than the intra-amniotic prostaglandin group: 22% compared with 7% (RR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.2). There were more complications associated with the intra-amniotic prostaglandin group: five women developed hypertonic contractions compared with none in the extra-amniotic saline group. In addition 23% of women in the intra-amniotic prostaglandin group developed acute vasovagal-like symptoms lasting for about 10 to 15 minutes which were distressing for the women. There was no evidence of any increase in febrile morbidity from extra-amniotic saline (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.75-1.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extra-amniotic saline infusion in successful in inducing labour in antepartum fetal deaths after 20 weeks of gestation. This method has been shown to be safe and well tolerated by the women and should be considered in areas with limited resources. This method should be evaluated further for inductions of labour with a live fetus.
authors.affiliation: Harare Maternity Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jayaguru
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D015237:Dinoprost