title: SKK4, a novel activator of stress-activated protein kinase-1 (SAPK1/JNK).
abstract: A cDNA was cloned and expressed that encodes human stress-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (SKK4), a novel MAP kinase kinase family member whose mRNA is widely expressed in human tissues. SKK4 activated SAPK1/JNK in vitro, but not SAPK2a/p38, SAPK2b/p38beta, SAPK3/ERK6 or SAPK4. It appears to be the mammalian homologue of HEP, an activator of SAPK1/JNK in Drosophila. In human epithelial KB cells SKK4 and SKK1/MKK4 (another activator of SAPK1/JNK) were both activated by stressful stimuli, but only SKK4 was activated by proinflammatory cytokines. The identification of SKK4 explains why the major SAPK1/JNK activator detected in many mammalian cell extracts is chromatographically separable from SKK1/MKK4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, UK. slawler@bad.dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lawler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuenda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goedert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D007624:KB Cells; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7; D048291:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011494:Protein Kinases; D048291:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7; C482559:MAP2K4 protein, human; C482569:MAP2K7 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases