title: Recent trends in infant mortality rates and proportions of low-birth-weight live births in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify spatial patterns of changes in infant mortality rates and proportions of low-birth-weight live births observed in 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Live births and infant deaths in Canada between 1987 and 1994. Data for Newfoundland were unavailable for 1987 through 1990.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual infant mortality rates (crude and after excluding live newborns weighing less than 500 g); proportion of live births by low-birth-weight category (500-2499 g).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Manitoba had lower crude and adjusted infant mortality rates in 1994 than in 1993. Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia had higher rates in 1994 than in 1993. The crude rate in Ontario was lower, and the adjusted rate higher, in 1994 than in 1993. A downward trend in the proportion of low-birth-weight live births was observed in Quebec (chi(2) for trend = 29.2, p < 0.01). Conversely, an upward trend was observed in Ontario (chi(2) for trend = 241.3, p < 0.01). However, the increase may have been due to data errors, especially in 1993 and 1994, involving truncation of ounces in 2 digits to 1 digit (e.g., 5 pounds 10 ounces became 5 pounds 1 ounce).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the marginal increases in infant mortality observed in several provinces could be the result of random variation, future trends should be closely monitored. The proportion of low-birth-weight live births in Canada (excluding Ontario) appears to be stable, with Quebec showing significant reductions. The errors in data for Ontario need to be corrected before trends can be estimated for that province and for Canada as a whole.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Reproductive and Child Health, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ont.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male