title: Anticardiolipin, anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I, antiprothrombin antibodies, and lupus anticoagulant in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with a history of thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical importance of anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I (a beta(2)-GPI), antiprothrombin (aPT), and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) with and without a history of thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 100 patients with SLE (32 with a history of thrombosis), 27 patients with a lupus-like disease (9 with a history of thrombosis), and 41 healthy volunteers, IgG and IgM aCL, antibodies to the protein cofactors (a beta(2)-GPI and aPT) were determined by ELISA. Eighty-six of 127 patients were also tested for LAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgG aCL and LAC were associated with thrombosis but sensitivity (63 and 61%) and specificity (66 and 66%, respectively) of these tests were low. IgG and IgM a beta(2)-GPI were, respectively, 85 and 86% specific for a thrombotic history, but sensitivity was very low (32 and 29%). High IgG aCL were associated with the presence of a beta(2)-GPI and were 85% specific for thrombosis. There was no significant association between IgG or IgM aPT and thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only high levels of IgG aCL and presence of LAC and/or a beta(2)-GPI are relevant in defining a thrombotic subset of patients with SLE. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to investigate the predictive value of the different antiphospholipid and protein cofactor antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swadzba
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: De Clerck
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bridts
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: van Cotthem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musial
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczeklik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000276:immunology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D011516:Prothrombin