title: Female epispadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the incidence, anatomical features and treatment of female epispadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 10 patients followed from 1 to 18 years. Four were operated on in 2 stages: first, cervicoplasty with original technique, and second, reconstruction of genitalia and distal urethra. Two had only a cervicoplasty. The last 4 patients were operated on in 1 stage according to Hendren's technique but with a simplified cervicoplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of 10 patients are totally continent, 1 has some small nocturnal leakage, and 1 is incontinent but the interval of dryness is increasing and is longer than 1 hour. Concerning external genitalia, the result is good but not perfect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female epispadias is most often complete with total incontinence. The aim of treatment is to reconstruct the anatomy in 1 stage. Treatment is easier and the results are better than in cases of female exstrophy or male incontinent epispadias.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mollard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Basset
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Mure
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004842:Epispadias / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods