title: A novel phenotypic pattern in X-linked inheritance: craniofrontonasal syndrome maps to Xp22.
abstract: Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS, OMIM 304110) is a distinctive genetic disorder whose main clinical manifestations include coronal synostosis, widely spaced eyes, clefting of the nasal tip and various skeletal anomalies. CFNS originally was thought to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, but recent studies suggest that it is X-linked dominant, whereby all daughters of males are affected, whereas none of their sons are affected. Here we report data confirming that CFNS is X-linked, mapping to a 13 cM interval in Xp22 with a maximum two-point lod score of 3.9 (theta = 0) at DXS8022 and a multipoint lod score of 5.08 at DXS1224. Detailed phenotypic analysis shows that females are more severely affected than males, a highly unusual characteristic for an X-linked disorder. CFNS represents the first multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with this unusual phenotypic pattern of X-linked inheritance.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, PA, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lajeunie-Renier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Proud
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Der Kaloustian
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munnich
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Zackai
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muenke
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010641:Phenotype; D013577:Syndrome; D014960:X Chromosome