title: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis increases adenosine production via an extracellular pathway through activation of protein kinase C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NO is known to deactivate protein kinase C (PKC). Because we have reported that the activation of PKC activates ecto-5'-nucleotidase, we examined whether the inhibition of NO synthesis increases ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity through the activation of PKC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was cannulated and perfused with blood through a bypass tube from the left carotid artery in 65 open-chest dogs. The intracoronary administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 microg x kg[-1] x min[-1]), an NO synthase inhibitor, for 30 minutes increased (P<.05) adenosine levels in coronary venous blood (123+/-10 versus 21+/-3 pmol/mL) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity (64+/-6 versus 41+/-4 nmol x mg[-1] x min[-1]) in the LAD-perfused myocardium. The intracoronary administration of alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate, an inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase, or GF109203X or calphostin C, both of which are PKC inhibitors, attenuated the L-NAME-induced increases in adenosine levels and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity. Treatment of cultured human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs) with L-NAME for 30 minutes increased ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity, which was inhibited by either GF109203X or calphostin C. NO releasers decreased both ecto-5'-nucleotidase and PKC activities in HCAECs. Treatment of HCAECs with zaprinast, a selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, with or without atrial natriuretic peptide, increased intracellular cGMP concentrations but did not change ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the inhibition of NO synthesis increases both adenosine production and ecto5'-nucleotidase activity through the activation of PKC and that NO modulates ecto-5'-nucleotidase via cGMP-independent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Node
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000241:Adenosine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000241:Adenosine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester