title: Impact of a vancomycin restriction policy on use and cost of vancomycin and incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the appropriateness of vancomycin therapy, changes in vancomycin use, and the incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) after implementation of a limited restriction policy requiring approval from the Infectious Diseases Approval service to continue vancomycin therapy beyond 72 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective chart review was conducted in April 1995. Pharmacy billing data and infection control data were compared before and after policy implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 725-bed university teaching institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients receiving vancomycin during April 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Appropriateness of use was based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for prudent vancomycin use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 333 courses of vancomycin therapy were reviewed. Vancomycin use was appropriate in 219 (66%) courses. Of the 114 courses that did not meet the CDC guidelines, 76 (67%) were for empiric use, 35 (31%) were for prophylactic use, and 3 (3%) were for therapeutic use. Overall, the total number of grams used decreased 9%, grams per 1000 patient-days decreased by 10, and the total number of patients exposed to vancomycin decreased 0.5%. Several services had large decreases in vancomycin use. Vancomycin expenditures decreased by $15788 for the 7-month time period. The incidence of VRE remained unchanged, at 30% of all enterococcal isolates 2 years after policy implementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limited restriction policy was effective in decreasing the total grams of vancomycin used. However, one-third of vancomycin therapy was inappropriate and the incidence of VRE was unchanged. A more stringent restriction policy could potentially increase appropriate use, further decrease the amount of vancomycin used, and decrease the incidence of VRE.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004363:Drug Utilization; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin