title: Increased plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A: an indicator of the acute-phase response after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the expression of mixed and hepatic venous serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations and its relationship to plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endotoxin during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, consecutive sample with repeated measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients who underwent elective coronary bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A radial artery catheter, pulmonary artery catheter, and right hepatic vein catheter were inserted. Blood samples were collected to determine the different mediators, lactate concentrations, and oxygen saturations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After induction of anesthesia, baseline values were obtained and the following parameters were determined 20 mins after onset of CPB, 20 mins after termination of CPB, at admission to the ICU, and 6, 8, 12, and 24 hrs later: hemodynamics, body core temperature, hepatic venous oxygen saturation, and mixed and hepatic venous lactate, endotoxin, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and SAA concentrations. Endotoxin and IL-6 plasma concentrations increased during CPB, peaked 6 hrs after admission to the ICU (endotoxin: 23.1 +/- 6.2 pg/mL; IL-6: 646 +/- 104 pg/mL), and decreased thereafter; SAA and CRP concentrations began to increase after 6 and 8 hrs, respectively, with the highest concentrations reached 24 hrs postoperatively (CRP: 14 +/- 3.6 mg/L; SAA: 668 +/- 114 micrograms/mL). Lactate concentrations began to increase 20 mins after CPB, and continued to increase until 12 hrs postoperatively. There were no significant differences between mixed and hepatic venous values of endotoxin, IL-6, CRP, SAA, and lactate (p < .05). Body core temperature, which was < 37.5 degrees C before surgery for all patients, increased 6 hrs after admission to the ICU and peaked 12 hrs postoperatively (38.3 +/- 1.1 degrees C). Hepatic venous oxygen saturation did not change. Correlations were obtained between IL-6 values and heart rate (r2 = .20; p < .005), and endotoxin concentrations and systemic vascular resistance (r2 = .18; p < .001). Body core temperature correlated significantly closer with SAA (r2 = .52; p < .0001) values than with IL-6 (r2 = .27; p < .0001) or CRP (r2 = .16; p < .001) values (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAA is an additional and sensitive marker of the acute-phase response following CPB; the increase in SAA concentrations parallels the temporary increase in body core temperature and is preceded by endotoxemia and IL-6 secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Atherosclerosis Research, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berendes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möllhoff
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Aken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erren
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Loick
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein