title: Novel cell imaging techniques show induction of apoptosis and proliferation in mesothelial cells by asbestos.
abstract: We developed in situ dual-fluorescence detection techniques for measuring apoptosis and proliferation simultaneously in single dishes of cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-specific labeling method, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL), first was used in conjunction with a 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstain to detect and measure morphologic characteristics of apoptotic rat pleural mesothelial (RPM) cells isolated from Fischer 344 rats and exposed to 300 microM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For this purpose, 100 TUNEL-positive nuclei were measured while being viewed with DAPI counterstaining for area, perimeter, longest diameter, and average diameter, using imaging software and an image-collection apparatus. We then exposed cells to a range of concentrations of crocidolite asbestos and putative apoptotic and mitogenic agents. Exposure to crocidolite asbestos (5 microg/cm2) caused a striking dose-dependent apoptotic response at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The nonfibrous crocidolite analogue riebeckite failed to induce apoptosis. At 24 h, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (10 ng/ml) caused an increase in apoptotic nuclei. A second method, utilizing an antibody to 5'-bromodeoxyridine (BrdU) and oxazole yellow homodimer (YOYO), showed a dose-dependent increase in proliferation occurring in cells exposed to asbestos (5 microg/cm2) at 48 h and 72 h. In addition, increased numbers of rat pleural mesothelial (RPM) cells exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), TNF-alpha, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) exhibited incorporation of BrdU at these time points, although total numbers of cells per unit area were unchanged. Results indicate a dynamic balance between apoptosis and increased DNA synthesis after exposure of mesothelial cells to asbestos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Timblin
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vacek
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Taatjes
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Mossman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017638:Asbestos, Crocidolite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001583:Benzoxazoles; D001710:Biotin; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007211:Indoles; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010994:Pleura / Q000166:cytology*; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001583:Benzoxazoles; D002273:Carcinogens; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D008934:Mitogens; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017638:Asbestos, Crocidolite; C075296:1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium; C007293:DAPI; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D001710:Biotin; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate