title: Cadmium induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: Onset of hypertension and nephropathy after 1,2, and 4 weeks of exposure to cadmium chloride (1 mg/kg, ip) was studied in rats by measuring changes in blood pressure and renal function (urinary output, electrolytes, serum creatinine, inulin clearance and Na+K+ ATPase). Significant decrease in body weight and rise in blood pressure were observed as early as one week of exposure while microalbuminuria was detected in 50% of the animals after 2 weeks. Na+K+ ATPase, a renal tubular enzyme, was depressed after 1 week with maximum lowering occurring after 4 weeks. There were no detectable changes in fluid intake, urine output, electrolytes, inulin clearance and serum creatinine even after 4 weeks. It is concluded that hypertension and tubular lesion set in earlier than glomerulopathy as indicated by microalbuminuria and the latter could be the consequence of rise in blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rama
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Peshin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khattar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Seth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D007444:Inulin / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007444:Inulin; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D011188:Potassium