title: TrwD, a protein encoded by the IncW plasmid R388, displays an ATP hydrolase activity essential for bacterial conjugation.
abstract: A 1.7-kilobase pair segment from the conjugative transfer region of plasmid R388 DNA was cloned and sequenced. It contained trwD, a gene essential for plasmid R388 conjugation, for expression of the conjugative W-pilus and for sensitivity to phage PRD1. The deduced amino acid sequence of TrwD showed homology to the PulE/VirB11 superfamily of potential ATPases involved in various types of transport processes. A fusion of trwD with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) was constructed, and the resulting fusion protein was purified from overproducing bacteria. Factor Xa hydrolysis of GST-TrwD and further purification rendered TrwD protein with more than 95% purity. Antibodies raised against TrwD localized it both in the soluble fraction and in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. TrwD is probably a peripheral outer membrane protein because it could be solubilized by increasing salt concentration to 0.5 M NaCl in the lysis buffer. Both purified GST-TrwD and TrwD could hydrolize ATP. ATPase activity increased 2-fold in the presence of detergent-phospholipid mixed micelles. To study the importance of the nucleotide-binding site, Walker box A (GXXGXGK(T/S)), present in TrwD, the conserved lysine residue was replaced by glutamine. The mutant protein, expressed and purified under the same conditions as the wild type, did not exhibit ATPase activity. TrwD(K203Q) was not able to complement the mutation in trwD of the R388 mutant plasmid, suggesting the essentiality of the ATPase activity of the protein in the conjugative process. Furthermore, the dominant character of this mutation suggested that GST-TrwD(K432Q) was still able to interact either with itself or with other component(s) of the conjugative machinery.
authors.affiliation: Grupo Biomembranas (Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Aptdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabezón
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Goñi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Cruz
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI / Q000378:metabolism; D015247:Deoxyribonuclease HindIII / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C072863:PulE protein, E coli; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI; D015247:Deoxyribonuclease HindIII; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C108667:TrwD protein, E coli