title: Results of retrograde urethrography in cats with idiopathic, nonobstructive lower urinary tract disease and their association with pathogenesis: 53 cases (1993-1995).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe results of retrograde urethrography in cats with idiopathic, nonobstructive lower urinary tract disease (LUTD), to review the normal anatomy of the feline urethra, and to relate anatomy observed radiographically to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LUTD in cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series and anatomic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  53 cats with signs of nonobstructive LUTD for which an underlying cause could not be determined. Results for these cats were compared with those for 6 healthy female cats undergoing urethrocystoscopy for another study and 6 male cats without a history of LUTD undergoing necropsy examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records, results of positive-contrast retrograde urethrography (cats with idiopathic, nonobstructive LUTD) and urethrocystoscopy (healthy female cats), and necropsy findings (healthy male cats) were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormalities were not detected during urethrocystoscopy, dissection, or urethrography. Previously, the urethra in male cats has been described simply as a long tube that tapers caudally, and the only structures consistently differentiated by radiography have been pelvic and penile parts. In this study, the seminal colliculus, isthmus of the urethra, preprostatic part of the urethra, and urethral crest were consistently observed in male cats in addition to pelvic and penile parts. The urethral crest also was observed in the comparatively simple female urethra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During retrograde urethrography in cats, prior distention of the bladder with positive-contrast medium may obscure radiographic signs associated with normal anatomic structures. Knowledge of urethral anatomy and radiographic signs associated with idiopathic, nonobstructive LUTD in cats should improve understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Scrivani
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buffington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Léveillé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*