title: Atorvastatin: an effective lipid-modifying agent in familial hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are the drugs of choice in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which has a high risk of ischemic heart disease. An open-label study was conducted to test the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin, a new synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in proven FH. After a 4-week placebo phase, 22 subjects were randomized to either 80 mg atorvastatin at night (n = 11) or 40 mg twice a day for 6 weeks. The two dosage groups were well matched and had no difference in lipoprotein responses. After 6 weeks, the LDL cholesterol concentration was reduced by 57%, from 8.16 +/- 1.15 to 3.53 +/- 0.99 mmol/L (P < .001). The total cholesterol concentration decreased from 9.90 +/- 1.32 to 5.43 mmol/L (P < .001). HDL cholesterol concentration increased from 1.19 +/- 0.31 to 1.49 +/- 0.43 mmol/L (P < .001). Triglyceride concentrations decreased from 1.34 +/- 0.66 to 0.88 +/- 0.36 mmol/L (P < .01). Three subjects had single, transient increases of serum transaminase of up to twice the upper limit of normal. Apolipoprotein B concentration decreased significantly by 42%. Changes in apolipoproteins AI and (a) were not statistically significant. Nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed increases in the size of smaller LDL particles in four subjects. Plasma fibrinogen concentration increased by 44%. The drug was well tolerated. One subject withdrew for personal reasons. Atorvastatin is a powerful and safe lipid-modifying agent for LDL cholesterol; it also modifies HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and may suffice as a single agent for many subjects with heterozygous FH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa. dmarais@uctgsh1.uCT.ac.za
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Byrnes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mountney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D011758:Pyrroles; D014527:Uric Acid; D000069059:Atorvastatin