title: Evaluation of the total cost of treating elderly hypertensive patients with ACE inhibitors: a comparison of older and newer agents.
abstract: We compared total costs and adherence to the regimen of older versus newer angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension. A computer search using the data base of a health care insurer identified 6176 subjects age 65 years or older who had ICD-9 coding for hypertension only and had a new prescription for an ACE inhibitor dispensed between April 1, 1992, and January 31, 1993. Subjects receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs were included. Total cost of therapy included acquisition costs for the ACE inhibitors and concurrent antihypertensive agents, and nondrug costs. Other costs were laboratory tests, hospitalization, and clinic visits associated with monitoring outcomes of antihypertensive therapy. Total median cost per month was greater for older than for newer agents, $59.82 versus $53.09 (p<0.0009). The mean percentage of patients complying with therapy as determined by refill data was greater with newer than with older agents, 66% versus 58% (p<0.0001). Based on our results, newer ACE inhibitors should be first-line antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients. They also should be considered for elderly patients who are unresponsive to older ACE inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0533, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Freeman-Arnold
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pyles
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D009819:Office Visits / Q000191:economics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents