title: Negative chronotropic actions of endothelin-1 on rabbit sinoatrial node pacemaker cells.
abstract: 1. The effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on sinoatrial (SA) node preparations of the rabbit heart were studied by means of whole-cell clamp techniques. 2. ET-1 at 1 nM slowed the spontaneous beating activity and rendered half of the cells quiescent. At a higher concentration of 10 nM, the slowing and cessation of spontaneous activity were accompanied by hyperpolarization. 3. In voltage-clamp experiments, ET-1 decreased the basal L-type Ca2+ current (Ica(L)) dose-dependently with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (EC50) of 0.42 nM and maximal inhibitory response (Emax) of 49.5%. The delayed rectifying K+ current (Ik) was also reduced by 33.2 +/- 11.1% at 1 nM. In addition an inwardly rectifying K+ current was activated by ET-1 at higher concentrations (EC50 = 4.8 nM). These ET-1-induced changes in membrane currents were abolished by BQ485 (0.3 microM), a highly selective ETA receptor antagonist. 4. When Ica(L) was inhibited by ET-1 (1 nM), subsequent application of 10 microM ACh showed no additional decrease in Ica(L), suggesting the involvement of cyclic AMP in the effects of ET-1 on Ica(L). In contrast, 1 nM ET-1 further decreased Ica(L) in the presence of 10 microM ACh, suggesting that ET-1 activates some additional mechanism(s) which inhibit Ica(L). The ET-1-induced Ica(L) inhibition was abolished by protein kinase A inhibitory peptide (PKI, 20 microM) or H-89 (5 microM). However, the Ica(L) inhibition was not affected by methylene blue (10 microM), suggesting a minor role for cyclic GMP in the effect of ET-1 under basal conditions. 5. ET-1 failed to inhibit Ica(L) when the pipette contained GDP beta S (200 microM). However, incubation of the 21.5 +/- 9.5%, whereas it abolished the inhibitory effect of ACh on Ica(L). 6. Intracellular perfusion of 8-bromo cyclicAMP (8-Br cyclicAMP, 500 microM) attenuated, but did not abolish the inhibitory effect of ET-1 on Ica(L). This 8-Br cyclicAMP-resistant component (17.5 +/- 14.4%, n = 20) was not affected by combined application of 8-Br cyclicAMP-bromo cyclicGMP (500 microM), ryanodine (1 microM) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA; 50 nM). 7. In summary, ET-1 exerts negative chronotropic effects on the SA node via ETA-receptors. ET-1 inhibits both ICa(L) and Ik, and increases background K+ current. The inhibition of ICa(L) by ET-1 is mainly due to reduction of the cyclicAMP levels via PTX-sensitive G protein, but some other mechanism(s) also seems to be operative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D019332:Endothelin-1; D015221:Potassium Channels; D000109:Acetylcholine