title: Acellular low-potassium dextran preserves pulmonary function after 48 hours of ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously have shown that extracellular preservation solutions provide superior pulmonary protection after 18 hours of cold ischemia at 4 degrees C in an isolated, whole-blood-perfused, rabbit lung model. We also reported that the addition of 20% whole blood to a low-potassium dextran solution (BLPD) conferred no discernible advantage over low-potassium dextran (LPD) alone in this same model. Our current study was aimed at documenting the importance of blood in buffering extracellular preservation solutions during 24 to 48 hours of hypothermic ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied three groups of lungs using an isolated, whole-blood-perfused, ventilated, rabbit lung model. Lungs were flushed with Euro-Collins, LPD, or BLPD solution, and then were reperfused after 24, 36, or 48 hours of hypothermic storage at 4 degrees C. Continuous measurements of pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, left atrial pressure, tidal volume, and dynamic airway compliance were obtained. Fresh, non-recirculated venous blood was used to determine single-pass pulmonary venous-to-arterial O2 gradients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-hour Euro-Collins group could not be completed because of immediate reperfusion failure. The 36-hour LPD group oxygenated significantly better than the 36-hour BLPD group (363.3 +/- 65.1 versus 145.3 +/- 40.3 mm Hg, respectively; p = 0.015). The 48-hour LPD group also experienced significant improvements in oxygenation when compared with the 48-hour BLPD group (pulmonary venous-arterial O2 difference of 239.4 +/- 48.4 versus 70.7 +/- 19.5 mm Hg, respectively; p = 0.012). The 48-hour LPD group also displayed significant improvements in pulmonary artery pressure (34.72 +/- 0.96 versus 55.52 +/- 7.37 mm Hg, respectively; p = 0.031) and pulmonary vascular resistance (39,737 +/- 1,291 versus 67,594 +/- 9,467 dynes.s.cm-5, respectively; p = 0.027) when compared with the 48-hour BLPD group. There were no significant differences between the three LPD groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracellular solutions provide improved pulmonary preservation in an isolated rabbit lung model after 48 hours of cold ischemia. The addition of blood to extracellular preservation solutions diminishes pulmonary function when combined with ischemic periods of 36 to 48 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Binns
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kanithanon
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Parrino
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Maliszewskyj
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shockey
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Tribble
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Kron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D001769:Blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002021:Buffers; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007511:Ischemia; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D008170:Lung Compliance; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009926:Organ Preservation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D011817:Rabbits; D013990:Tidal Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003911:Dextrans; C037096:Euro-Collins' solution; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C083290:low potassium dextran glucose solution; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium; D010100:Oxygen