title: A cognitive neuropsychological approach to the study of delusions in late-onset schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypotheses to explain delusion formation include distorted perceptual processing of meaningful stimuli (e.g. faces), abnormal reasoning, or a combination of both. The study investigated these hypotheses using standardized neuropsychological tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-patient case-study, compared with a small group (n = 8) of age-matched normal control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital in- and outpatients. Age-matched normal controls were from local residential homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three subjects with late-onset schizophrenia, two currently deluded and one in remission. Both deluded subjects had persecutory beliefs. One had a delusion of misidentification.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were administered standardized neuropsychological tests of facial processing and tests of verbal reasoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test scores of the three patients were compared with published normal values and the age-matched control data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tests demonstrated impaired matching of unfamiliar faces in deluded subjects, particularly in the subject with delusional misidentification. Increasing the emotional content of logical reasoning problems had a significant effect on the deluded subjects' reasoning but not that of the normal controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest impaired visual processing plus abnormal reasoning in deluded subjects. However, these impairments are relatively subtle given the severity of psychiatric disorder in the patients studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D003702:Delusions / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology