title: Outbreak among HIV-infected patients of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to cotrimoxazole and methicillin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe an outbreak of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole)-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CMRSA) in a unit housing patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study involving patients colonized or infected with CMRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 hospitalized patients with cultures positive for CMRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolates of CMRSA were collected and characterized. Molecular typing of the epidemic strains was carried out after total DNA extraction by restriction endonuclease analysis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The epidemic was brought under control with the reinforcement of nosocomial transmission measures and with systematic nasal decontamination with mupirocin of all patients admitted to the HIV unit. Molecular typing techniques showed the existence of two epidemic strains: strain A was present in the 12 patients admitted to the HIV unit and strain B in the remaining 3 patients hospitalized elsewhere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cotrimoxazole may no longer be a reliable and effective alternative for glycopeptides in patients with infection caused by MRSA strains, and HIV units should be particularly alert for CMRSA strains.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Carrillo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Creixems
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination