title: Oxygen regulation of energy metabolism in isolated pig hearts: a near-IR spectroscopy study.
abstract: Intracellular pO2 in cardiac muscle is determined by the balance between its diffusion from vascular (VS) to intracellular space (IS) and uptake by mitochondria. Cessation of mechanical work decreases O2 demand and should reduce the O2 gradient between VS and IS. In this work, the effects of arterial pO2 (pO2a) on myoglobin (Mb) oxygenation, O2 uptake and lactate formation rates [V(O2) and V(Lac), micromol/min/g wet weight, respectively] in beating and KCl-arrested pig hearts were compared. pO2a was decreased stepwise (five steps, 10 min/step) from 528+/-24 to 54+/-19 mmHg by changing the ratio of O2/CO2 (95:5%) to N2/CO2 (95:5%) in the gas mixture from 100/0 through 50/50, 25/75, 10/90 to 0/100. While recording mechanical function, visible/near-infrared (near-IR) spectra (400-2500 nm) were acquired from the left ventricular wall every 45 s (32 scans) using a fiber-optic light guide connected to an NIRSystems spectrometer. Relative MbO2 in the epicardium + midmural layer and the epicardium was estimated from absorbance changes (second derivative) at 764 and 584 nm, respectively. In beating hearts, a decrease in pO2a resulted in a decrease in MbO2 (similar in both layers) and V(O2) (from 1.26+/-0.15 to 0.22+/-0.10) and an increase in V(Lac) from 0 to 2.43+/-0.76. In arrested hearts an increase in V(Lac) (0.55+/-0.24) was observed only at the lowest pO2a and the Mb oxygenation curve was shifted towards lower vascular pO2 [(pO2a+pO2v)/2] by ;160 mmHg. Oxygen consumption (oxygen flux) correlated linearly with calculated values of the oxygen gradients between the vascular and cytoplasmic spaces in both beating and arrested hearts. However, the diffusion rate constant was 3.5 times lower in arrested hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) hypoxia in KCl-arrested hearts results in only moderate activation of anaerobic glycolysis; (2) oxygenation of the epicardial and midmural LV layers is similar; and (3) a large pO2 gradient exists between VS and IS in beating and arrested crystalloid-perfused hearts.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kupriyanov
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mantsch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deslauriers
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010100:Oxygen