title: Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride via drinking water to turkeys under laboratory and field conditions.
abstract: A series of experiments were carried out in order to determine doxycycline hydrochloride (DoxHCl) plasma levels in 6-wk-old turkeys medicated via drinking water containing DoxHCl at a concentration of 250 mg/L under laboratory and field conditions. Maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) values of 5.7 (+/-1.0) microgram/mL and 4.9 (+/-1.4) micrograms/mL obtained after DoxHCl administration during 2 and 7 d, respectively, were not significantly different. A significant difference was found between the area under the plasma concentration-time profile, calculated between 0 and 168 h (AUC(0-168)), Cmax, and the minimal plasma concentration (Cmin) values obtained after medication with a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 250 mg/L (431.9 +/- 96.6 micrograms.h/mL, 4.9 +/- 1.4 micrograms/mL and 0.7 +/- 0.3 microgram/mL) and after medication with a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 750 mg/L (1,176.5 +/- 201.8 micrograms.h/mL, 12.5 +/- 2.7 micrograms/mL and 2.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms/mL), respectively. The increase in body weight was also significantly higher for turkeys medicated with a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 750 mg/L (83.7 g/d) than for the lower concentration (35.6 g/d). The DoxHCl solution uptake significantly decreased with the increase of DoxHCl concentration. A Cmax value of 1.7 +/- 0.6 micrograms/mL and a Cmin value of 0.5 +/- 0.1 microgram/mL were observed during the field experiment. Water consumption under laboratory conditions was followed for tap water (70 +/- 50 mL/kg.d) and for a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 250 mg/L supplemented with 1 g anhydrous citric acid/L (119 +/- 6 mL/kg.d) and revealed to be not significantly different. The variability was significantly higher for tap water than for the DoxHCl solution. The stability of the DoxHCl solution containing 1 g citric acid/L over 24 h was 99% expressed as the percentage of the initial concentration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeersch
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Remon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schelkens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ducatelle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haesebrouck
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014422:Turkeys / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013754:Tetracyclines; D019343:Citric Acid; D004318:Doxycycline