title: Detention of persistently nonadherent patients with tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with tuberculosis (TB) who are persistently nonadherent to treatment present a public health risk. In 1993, California created a new civil detention process and allowed detention of noninfectious but persistently nonadherent patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine (1) which patients TB controllers attempt to detain, (2) how often and where patients are detained, and (3) how many of these patients complete TB treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with cross-sectional comparison to other adult TB patients in the study counties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve California counties with the largest number of new TB cases reported in 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients whom TB controllers sought to detain during 1994 and 1995 because of persistent nonadherence to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public health records, interviews with county TB officials, and Reports of Verified Cases of Tuberculosis to the California Tuberculosis Control Branch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tuberculosis controllers sought the civil detention or arrest of 67 patients during the study period (1.3% of adult TB patients with the same disease sites). Forty-six percent of these patients were homeless, 81% had drug or alcohol abuse, and 28% had mental illness. Tuberculosis controllers sought civil detention of 15 patients. Fourteen patients were detained (median length of detention, 14.5 days). Tuberculosis controllers sought to arrest 62 patients during the study period. Fifty-three patients were arrested (median time in jail, 83 days). In 10 cases, both civil and criminal detention were attempted. We analyzed completion of therapy after excluding patients who were not detained or who died or moved. Overall, 41 (84%) of the remaining 49 detained patients completed therapy. Of the patients who completed therapy, only 17 were detained until treatment was completed. Compared with other TB patients in these counties, detained patients had 4 times the proportion lost to follow-up and half the proportion completing therapy within 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further improvements in the care of persistently nonadherent patients may require more psychosocial services, appropriate facilities for civil detention, and detaining patients long enough to assure completion of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical Ethics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oscherwitz
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tulsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sciortino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alpers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Royce
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D037141:Mandatory Programs; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D011330:Prisons; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013219:State Government; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000628:therapy*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations