title: Sexual functioning after multimodality treatment for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined sexual functioning after chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor, and evaluated the impact of resection of post-chemotherapy residual retroperitoneal tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 155 consecutive patients treated with chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor (between 1980 and 1994) was questioned about their sexual functioning. The patients were divided in 2 subgroups: patients treated with or without resection of post-chemotherapy residual retroperitoneal tumor. Volume and location (divided into left para-aortal or right paracaval/interaortacaval) of the resected tumor were related to absence of ejaculation as well as decreased semen amount. In addition, libido, arousal, erection and orgasm were related to ejaculatory dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 43 patients (27.7%) was treated with chemotherapy only and 112 (72.3%) had additional resection of post-chemotherapy residual retroperitoneal tumor mass. Overall, 22.4% reported loss of libido, 14.1% decreased arousal, 16% erectile dysfunction, 23.1% decreased orgasmic intensity, 17.4% decreased semen amount and 18.7% complete absence of antegrade ejaculation. With exception of absence of ejaculation, sexual dysfunctions were reported in similar frequencies in both treatment subgroups. In the resection of post-chemotherapy residual retroperitoneal tumor subgroup, 25.9% of the patients had complete absence of ejaculation. The other sexual dysfunctions were related neither to decreased semen amount nor to complete absence of ejaculation. The mean volume of resected tumor was higher (95 cm.3) in patients with absence of ejaculation than in those without (40 cm.3), and patients with right paracaval/interaortacaval tumor (20 of 58, 34.5%) reported more often absence of ejaculation than those with left para-aortal tumor (9 of 54, 16.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients treated for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor, post-chemotherapy sexual morbidity cannot be neglected. Except for loss of antegrade ejaculation, sexual dysfunctions are not related to resection of post-chemotherapy residual retroperitoneal mass. A high volume of tumor and a right paracaval/interaortacaval location predispose to loss of antegrade ejaculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Groningen University Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Basten
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jonker-Pool
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: van Driel
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sleijfer
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Droste
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: van de Wiel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schraffordt Koops
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000502:physiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000502:physiology*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000503:physiopathology; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*