title: Attenuation of vasospasm and capillary no-reflow by ischemic preconditioning in skeletal muscle.
abstract: Vasospasm and capillary no-reflow are common complications following replantation and free flap transfer. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether vasospasm and capillary no-reflow which are induced by prolonged warm ischemia/reperfusion can be attenuated by ischemic preconditioning in the vascular isolated cremaster muscle model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital. Arteriole diameter and capillary perfusion were measured utilizing intravital microscopy. In the control group, the cremasters sustained 4-hour warm global ischemia followed by 60-minute reperfusion. In the ischemic preconditioning group, the cremasters were subjected to one cycle of 45-minute ischemia followed by 15-minute reperfusion prior to 4-hour warm global ischemia followed by 60-minute reperfusion. The results from this experiment showed that ischemic preconditioning significantly attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced vasospasm and capillary no-reflow which occur early during reperfusion after prolonged warm ischemia in skeletal muscle. The mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Microcirculatory Research, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA. wzwang01@homer.louisville.edu
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles; D002196:Capillaries; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000502:physiology*