title: Predictors of outcome in patients with chronic back pain and low-grade spondylolisthesis.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the factors influencing symptom relief after uninstrumented posterolateral spinal fusion with or without decompression in adult patients with chronic back pain and previously asymptomatic low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The role of previously asymptomatic low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis in chronic adult low back pain is unclear. Operative intervention in this setting is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four consecutive adult patients with chronic low back pain and low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis first detected during routine work-up of new onset low back pain underwent spinal fusion with or without decompression. The influence of active worker's compensation or litigation claims, radicular pain, concomitant laminectomy, age, gender, fusion to L4, intervertebral disc bulge, and pseudarthrosis were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 13 patients involved in worker's compensation claims or pending litigation had fair or poor results. Nine of 11 patients without such issues had good or excellent results. Although the strong association of worker's compensation with poor results made it difficult to assess the importance of other risk factors, the data suggest that good results may be more likely in patients with radiculopathy who undergo laminectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation, although limited by a number of factors including small sample size and retrospective, unblinded review, suggests that active worker's compensation and litigation issues are associated strongly with poor results of operative management for chronic low back pain in adult patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scuderi
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Garfin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012447:Sacrum / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence