Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene.
Many biochemical, physiological and behavioural processes in organisms ranging from microorganisms to vertebrates exhibit circadian rhythms. In Drosophila, the gene period (per) is required for the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and eclosion behaviour. Oscillation in the levels of per mRNA and Period (dPer) protein in the fly brain is thought to be responsible for the rhythmicity. However, no per homologues in animals other than insects have been identified. Here we identify the human and mouse genes (hPER and mPer, respectively) encoding PAS-domain (PAS, a dimerization domain present in Per, Amt and Sim)-containing polypeptides that are highly homologous to dPer. Besides this structural resemblance, mPer shows autonomous circadian oscillation in its expression in the suprachiasmaticnucleus, which is the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Clock, a mammalian clock gene encoding a PAS-containing polypeptide, has now been cloned: it is likely that the Per homologues dimerize with other molecule(s) such as Clock through PAS-PAS interaction in the circadian clock system.
Tei
H
H
Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. tei@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Okamura
H
H
Shigeyoshi
Y
Y
Fukuhara
C
C
Ozawa
R
R
Hirose
M
M
Sakaki
Y
Y
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539040:PER protein, Drosophila; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538943:CLOCK protein, human; C538944:Clock protein, mouse