title: Self-perceived facial appearance and psychosocial adjustment in preadolescents with craniofacial anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify aspects of psychosocial adjustment related to the self-perceived facial appearance of preadolescents with craniofacial abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concurrent relationships were evaluated using a within-group correlational design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 24 patients, aged 11 to 13, of a major craniofacial center and their parents who were contacted by telephone and agreed to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report and parent-report questionnaires assessing psychosocial adjustment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-perceived facial appearance was positively correlated with global self-worth, self-perceived social acceptance, and number of same-sex close friends, and negatively correlated with loneliness, parent-rated social problems, and parental advice/support and concern (all p's < .05 or better).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dissatisfaction with facial appearance was associated with peer relationship problems and low global self-esteem, but not with other aspects of self-concept or other types of adjustment problems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003376:Counseling; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D012649:Self Concept; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012928:Social Desirability; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires