title: Laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increasing number of operative procedures in pediatric urology can be performed by laparoscopy. We report our experience with laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy, which is a typical operation in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy was performed in 14 consecutive children. In 12 cases 7 upper renal poles were removed for ectopic refluxing megaureter and obstructive ureterocele in 5 and 2, respectively. In 5 children lower poles were destroyed by reflux nephropathy. In 2 children laparoscopic upper pole heminephroureterectomy for obstructive ureterocele was combined with a Pfannenstiel incision for reimplantation of the refluxing lower pole ureter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were completed as planned. Operative time was 180 to 330 minutes (mean 222) in group 1 and 345 to 510 (mean 427) in group 2. Blood loss was minimal (10 to 30 ml.) and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Mean postoperative hospital stay in groups 1 and 2 was 4.4 and 7.5 days, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy in children is feasible and associated with minimal blood loss, low morbidity and a low complication rate. The disadvantage is the long operative time. This technically demanding procedure should be performed only at specialized centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janetschek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seibold
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*