title: Laboratory diagnosis of central nervous system infections with herpes simplex virus by PCR performed with cerebrospinal fluid specimens.
abstract: Until recently, the laboratory diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been limited by poor sensitivity and/or specificity. We assessed the diagnostic utility of PCR for detection of HSV in over 2,100 specimens referred to the Mayo Clinic from August 1993 to May 1996. DNA extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with IsoQuick was amplified by PCR with oligonucleotide primers directed to the DNA polymerase gene of HSV, yielding a 290-bp amplicon. HSV DNA was detected in 150 (135 by gel electrophoresis, 15 by Southern blotting only) of 2,106 (7.1%) specimens. PCR-positive CNS disease occurred in patients ranging in age from 13 days to 89 years; 59% of the cases occurred in patients between the ages of 30 and 69, and 21 (14%) of the patients were infants. Genotype analysis was not routinely performed; however, amplification of a 335-bp product within the thymidine kinase gene of HSV revealed 13 positions within a span of 80 nucleotides that accurately identified the two serotypes of the virus according to 14 reference strains. We conclude that PCR detection of HSV DNA in CSF specimens should be considered an emerging "gold standard" for the laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections with this virus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Espy
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Toal
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Rys
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Berbari
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Osmon
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Persing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012703:Serotyping; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase