title: Impact of selection process on response rate and long-term survival of potential high-dose chemotherapy candidates treated with standard-dose doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most of the data about high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for metastatic breast cancer are derived from phase II studies. The interpretation of these data depends on comparisons with data from properly selected historical control patients treated with standard therapy under similar circumstances. We report the long-term results of patients with metastatic breast cancer who were eligible for HDCT but were treated with doxorubicin-containing standard-dose chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively collected data from 18 successive doxorubicin-containing protocols for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer were evaluated. Using common eligibility criteria for HDCT, we identified patients who would have been candidates for HDCT. We analyzed response rates, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for all patients, potential HDCT candidates, and noncandidates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,581 patients was enrolled onto the 18 studies. Six hundred forty-five were HDCT candidates, and 936 were noncandidates. The complete response rate was 27% for HDCT candidates and 7% for noncandidates; median PFS was 16 and 8 months and median OS was 30 and 17 months, respectively. Survival rates for HDCT candidates and noncandidates, respectively, were 21% and 6% at 5 years and 7% and 2% at 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that encouraging results of single-arm trials of HDCT could partially be due to selection of patients with better prognoses and further stresses the importance of completing ongoing randomized trials of HDCT to assess the relative efficacy of HDCT in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. zrahman@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Z U
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Buzdar
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Champlin
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D015983:Selection Bias; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil