title: Photodegradation and photobinding of tiaprofenic acid: in vitro versus in vivo.
abstract: The photoreactivity of the photosensitizing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug tiaprofenic acid (TA) and its photoproduct decarboxytiaprofenic acid (DTA) was studied both in the presence and in the absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The photoproduct DTA was found to be photostable in buffered aqueous solution at pH 7.4, but photodecomposed when BSA was present in the reaction medium. Both TA and DTA underwent irreversible photobinding to BSA in an almost quantitative way, as evidenced by radioactivity measurements using labeled (3H) compounds. In the case of TA, it has been proven that photobinding is mainly attributable to the phototoreactivity of in situ-generated DTA. The photodegradation and photobinding of TA were also investigated in the epidermis in vivo. Rats were exposed to UVA after application of TA to their shaven dorsal skin. During the initial periods of irradiation, the amount of TA decreased sharply, and the yield of the corresponding photoproduct (DTA) reached a maximum. Prolonged irradiation led to photodegradation of DTA. In vivo photobinding was studied using 3H-TA. Photobinding took place slowly at the beginning, but its rate increased sharply after complete photoconversion of TA, when the photoproduct DTA reached the maximum concentration. Thereafter, the decrease of DTA was more pronounced than that of TA. This indicates that-also in vivo-DTA rather than TA is responsible for the photobinding to biomacromolecules in the viable layer of the epidermis. Overall, the above results suggest that irradiation of TA in buffered aqueous solution, in the presence of proteins, is a reasonable model system to study the photodegradation and photobinding behavior of this drug in vivo. From the qualitative point of view, the main conclusion is that DTA plays a key role both in vivo and in vitro: it is the major photoproduct, it undergoes further photodegradation upon prolonged irradiation, and it appears to be responsible for the photobinding process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Photochemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands. vries_h@chem.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Encinas
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Castell
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Beijersbergen an Henegouwen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D008297:Male; D018462:Photobiology; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011422:Propionates; C021270:tiaprofenic acid; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine