title: Mechanistic link between DNA methyltransferases and DNA repair enzymes by base flipping.
abstract: Rotation of a DNA nucleotide out of the double helix and into a protein binding pocket ("base flipping") was first observed in the structure of a DNA methyltransferase. There is now evidence that a variety of proteins, particularly DNA repair enzymes, use base flipping in their interactions with DNA. Though the mechanisms for base movement into extrahelical positions are still unclear, the focus of this review is how base recognition is modulated by the stringency of binding to the extrahelical base(s) or sugar moiety.
authors.affiliation: Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1071, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D008780:Methyltransferases; D011088:DNA Ligases