title: Regulation of cyclin D1 by calpain protease.
abstract: Cyclin D1, a critical positive regulator of G1 progression, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain cancers. Regulation of cyclin D1 occurs at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Here we present evidence that cyclin D1 levels are regulated at the posttranscriptional level by the Ca2+-activated protease calpain. Serum starvation of NIH 3T3 cells resulted in rapid loss of cyclin D1 protein that was completely reversible by calpain inhibitors. Actinomycin D and lovastatin induced rapid loss of cyclin D1 in prostate and breast cancer cells that was reversible by calpain inhibitors and not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, caspase inhibitors, or lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the 26 S proteasome. Treatment of intact NIH 3T3, prostate, and breast cancer cells with a calpain inhibitor dramatically increased the half-life of cyclin D1 protein. Addition of purified calpain to PC-3-M lysates resulted in Ca2+-dependent cyclin D1 degradation. Transient expression of the calpain inhibitor calpastatin increased cyclin D1 protein in serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells. Cyclins A, E, and B1 have been reported to be regulated by proteasome-associated proteolysis. The data presented here implicate calpain in cyclin D1 posttranslational regulation.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Henkart
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Trepel
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism*; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D056744:Cyclin B1; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C534699:CCNB1 protein, human; C534700:Ccnb1 protein, mouse; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; C067713:lactacystin; D019938:Cyclin D1; D003609:Dactinomycin; D002154:Calpain; D000111:Acetylcysteine