title: Hemodynamic benefit of optimizing atrioventricular delay after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shortening of atrioventricular delay (AVD) by sequential cardiac pacing has been proposed to improve hemodynamics in patients with end-stage heart failure. In addition, optimization of prolonged AVD may be associated with a decrease of presystolic mitral insufficiency. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of prolonged AVD during the early postcardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) period and to evaluate the hemodynamic benefit of its shortening by using sequential cardiac pacing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively screened. AVD was measured immediately after separation from CPB. Patients presenting with AVD greater than or equal to 200 ms entered the study. Sequential cardiac pacing was introduced with programmed AVD starting at 80 ms and randomly increased by steps of 20 ms until resumption of native anterograde atrioventricular node conduction. Cardiac index (CI) was derived from transesophageal echocardiographic data during each step of this procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients were included. Median native AVD was 220 ms. Median optimal AVD was 140 ms. Mean native CI (CI-nat) was 2.59 +/- 0.42 L/min/m2. Mean optimal CI (CI-opt) was 3.12 +/- 0.45 L/min/m2. CI-opt/CI-nat was 1.20 +/- 0.07. CI-opt/CI-nat was significantly inversely correlated with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged AVD is a common occurrence after CPB. Its artificial shortening by sequential cardiac pacing is always associated with a significant increase of CI. The magnitude of this hemodynamic improvement is inversely correlated with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Clinics UCL of Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Broka
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ducart
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Collard
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Eucher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamart
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Delire
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mayné
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Randour
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Joucken
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left