title: Liver cell culture methods to measure DNA alterations produced by chemicals and radiation.
abstract: Liver culture systems, both primary cultures of hepatocytes and replicating cell lines, can be used in a variety of ways to study the DNA-damaging effects of chemicals and radiation. The present report describes some of the available methods and their interpretation.
authors.affiliation: American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D051381:Rats; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D015262:Xenobiotics