title: The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in activated and anergic Th1 cells.
abstract: Stimulation of T cells through the TCR leads to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and JNK (jun NH2-terminal kinase). These kinases act in synergy to increase the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 which is involved in the transcriptional upregulation of IL-2. Recently a third MAPK member, p38, has been identified. The effects of T cell activation on this pathway have not yet been elucidated. Using two murine Th1 clones, we demonstrate that the p38 pathway is induced upon anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 crosslinking or PMA plus ionomycin stimulation. p38 activity was induced fully by anti-CD3 or PMA alone and is not enhanced by costimulation even at low levels of TCR signaling. p38 activity peaked at 20 min and was significantly decreased by 2 hr. Anergic (tolerant) Th1 cells showed decreased p38 activity as well as decreased ERK and JNK activities even though levels of these proteins remained unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Diseases Research, Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0400, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: DeSilva
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Feeser
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Manos
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Scherle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017635:Clonal Anergy; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases