title: Uncoupling of G-protein coupled receptors in vivo: insights from transgenic mice.
abstract: Heart failure is a problem of increasing importance in medicine. An important characteristic of heart failure is reduced agonist-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity (receptor desensitization) due to both diminished receptor number (receptor down regulation) and impaired receptor function (receptor uncoupling). These changes in the beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) system, may in part account for some of the abnormalities of contractile function in this disease. Myocardial contraction is closely regulated by G-protein coupled beta-adrenergic receptors through the action of the second messenger cAMP. The beta-AR receptors themselves are regulated by a set of specific kinases, termed the G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). The study of this complex system in vivo has recently been advanced by the development of transgenic and gene targeted ("knockout") mouse models. Combining transgenic technology with sophisticated physiological measurements of cardiac hemodynamics is an extremely powerful strategy to study the regulation of myocardial contractility in the normal and failing heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rockman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins