title: Spoken messages as auditory cues for orientation in promoting indoor travel and activity by persons with multiple disabilities.
abstract: Spoken messages lasting about 2 sec. and occurring every 8 or 9 sec. were used as auditory cues for orientation to guide two persons with multiple disabilities to destinations for indoor activities. The use of spoken messages was alternated with buzzer-like sounds of the same duration and frequency of occurrence. The preliminary data indicated that both the spoken messages and the buzzer-like sounds were very effective as orientation cues. Staff found no difference in disturbance between them, yet, both were considered less disturbing than buzzer-like sounds of previous studies which had a higher frequency of occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands. Lancioni@RULFSW.Leiden.Univ.NL
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lancioni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ten Hoopen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001766:Blindness / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009949:Orientation; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013060:Speech