title: Hyperplasia of axillary nodes in patients undergoing immunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CT scans of the chest in 32 patients undergoing immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma were evaluated to determine the incidence and significance of axillary lymph node enlargement during therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axillary node enlargement in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy should not be assumed to be metastatic in origin but may result from the stimulation of the immune system during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellerhorst
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001365:Axilla; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D005472:Fluorouracil