title: Use of Neuman's lines of defense and resistance in nursing research: conceptual and empirical considerations.
abstract: The generation of testable nursing theory requires operationalization of the broad concepts embedded in nursing's conceptual models or grand theories. Operationalization of the Neuman systems model concepts, the flexible line of defense and the lines of resistance, are explored in this article. Conceptual and empirical concerns imposed on the researcher when employing the model are discussed.
authors.affiliation: College of Staten Island, City University of New York, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gigliotti
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research / Q000379:methods*; D011593:Psychology, Social; D012944:Social Support; D013598:Systems Theory