title: Chances of cure are not compromised with sphincter-saving procedures for cancer of the lower third of the rectum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this study was to compare patterns of recurrence and long-term outcome after sphincter-saving procedures (SSPs) and abdominoperineal resection (APR) in patients with tumors located in the lower third of the rectum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the charts of 1001 patients operated on for primary rectal adenocarcinoma between 1980 and 1991. All patients with tumors located between 5 and 7 cm from the anal verge and treated with curative intent were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 261 patients who met our criteria, 162 had undergone SSP and 99 had undergone APR. The local recurrence rates for SSP and APR were 8% and 11%, respectively (p = 0.41), and the distant metastases rates were 23% and 28%, respectively (p = 0.35). Recurrence and distant metastases rates for SSP and APR, respectively, did not differ by TNM classification: state I, 10% versus 9% (p = 0.9); stage II, 25% versus 43% (p = 0.13); and stage III, 56% versus 57% (p = 0.92). Five-year disease-free survival rates for SSP and APR patients were 70.5% and 62.3%, respectively (p = 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumors in the lower third of the rectum can be treated with sphincter-saving procedures without compromising the chance of cure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lavery
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez-Kostner
authors.forename: V W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Martin
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Church
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome