title: Patient dose in radiologically guided interventional vascular procedures: conventional versus digital systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To calculate the difference in the patient radiation dose in radiologically guided interventional vascular procedures between conventional and digital systems and to estimate the effective dose and the energy imparted with the digital system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 318 procedures (in 318 patients) in 15 different examination groups were analyzed. The dose-area product was determined by using a transmission chamber fitted to an x-ray-tube light-beam diaphragm; the effective dose was determined by using software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary and biliary tract procedures showed small differences in the average dose-area product between conventional and digital systems. The dose-area products in the vascular procedures were higher with the digital than with the conventional system. The average effective dose and energy imparted were 0.88 mSv and 129 mJ, respectively, in the subcutaneous placement of a reservoir for analgesic administration and as much as 25.7 mSv and 829 mJ, respectively, in spermatic vein embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose-area product was higher with the digital system than with the conventional system in 13 of the 15 groups. To reduce the patient dose in vascular interventional radiology procedures, the training of personnel and the frequent use of conventional fluoroscopy and low-dose imaging are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cruces
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Palanca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cristófol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Morillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díez de los Ríos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional