title: Current and future directions in adjuvant combined-modality therapy of rectal cancer.
abstract: Standard adjuvant therapy for transmural (T3) and/or node-positive rectal cancer is pelvic radiation therapy plus fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Randomized trials are in progress to help determine the ideal chemotherapeutic agents and their optimal routes of administration in this setting, as well as to compare the efficacy and functional results of the pre- and postoperative bolus 5-FU/leucovorin combined-modality therapy approaches. New phase I trials will determine the recommended doses of tegafur and uracil (UFT) with oral leucovorin plus pre- or postoperative radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Minsky
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D004338:Drug Combinations; C096910:UFT(R) drug; D005641:Tegafur; D014498:Uracil; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil