title: Polymorphism of bacteriophage T7.
abstract: For viruses made of nucleic acid and protein, the structure of the protein outer shell has, in the past, been found to be uniquely determined by the viral genome. However, here, non-denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis of bacteriophage T7 reveals two states of the mature T7 capsid; the conditions of growth are found to alter the population by T7 of these two electrophoretically defined states. Both states have been previously observed for a genetically altered T7 and they are observed here for wild-type T7. The average electrical surface charge density of a bacteriophage particle (delta) determines its state; the delta of particles in both states is negative. For a given condition of growth, the population of these two states is influenced by the extent to which the major T7 outer shell protein, p10A, is accompanied by its minor readthrough variant, p10B. Comparison of the two electrophoretic states reveals the following. (1) No difference in radius is present in the outer shell (+/-2%). (2) As the pH of electrophoresis is either increased or decreased from neutrality, the state becomes more highly populated for which delta is greater in magnitude (state 1). By changing the pH, some T7 particles are made to change state. (3) Particles in state 1 adsorb less quickly to host cells than do the particles in the alternative state (state 2). This latter observation suggests the hypothesis that state 1 evolved to reduce the probability of re-initiating an infection when conditions are not favorable for growth. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that, as conditions of growth become apparently more unfavorable, progeny increasingly populate state 1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78284-7760, USA.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gabashvili
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serwer
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D017123:Bacteriophage T7 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002021:Buffers; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D003470:Culture Media; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media