title: The effect of esmolol on ST-segment depression and arrhythmias after electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces sympathetically mediated hemodynamic alterations that can be associated with myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia generation. Esmolol, a short-acting beta-blocker, blunts the hypertension and tachycardia seen with ECT. The purpose of this study is to determine whether esmolol use during ECT reduces the incidence of myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias after ECT. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol, with each patient acting as his/her own control, the effects of esmolol on the incidence of myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias were studied using two-lead Holter monitoring for at least 2 h post-ECT. Nineteen patients underwent 71 ECT treatments (34 placebo, 37 esmolol), recording 746 h of Holter data. The esmolol group had significantly reduced heart rate and mean arterial pressure immediately after ECT. There was no difference in the incidence of ECG defined ischemia post-ECT between groups, with 7 of 19 (36.8%) patients in the esmolol group showing ST-segment depression compared with 5 of 19 (26.3%) in the placebo group. There was no difference between groups in arrhythmia detection. This experiment demonstrates that (a) ECT is associated with a significant incidence of ST-segment depression, (b) esmolol blunts the sympathetic discharge during ECT, and (c) esmolol does not reduce the incidence of post-ECT ischemia or arrhythmia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, The Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1009, U.S.A.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zvara
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Brooker
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Royster
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000187:drug effects*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol