title: Contrasting factors associated with abdominal and peripheral weight gain among adult women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify contrasts between the risk factors associated with abdominal weight gain and those associated with peripheral weight gain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective mail survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  44080 white, non-Hispanic, healthy women who were questioned in 1982 (baseline age 40-54 y) and 1992 about weight, diet, alcohol use, smoking, 10 physical activities and other variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self reports in 1992 identified 4261 women who gained weight in the abdomen and 7440 women who gained in the periphery (sites other than the abdomen). Using identical logistic models adjusted for age, baseline body mass index (BMI) and numerous covariates, the abdominal-gain group and the peripheral-gain group were separately compared with 10,888 women who did not gain weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The likelihood of abdominal gain exceeded that of peripheral gain (by comparison of estimated odds ratios, abdominal vs peripheral) for high meat eaters (1.50 vs 1.15), frequent users of liquor (1.09 vs 0.54), moderate cigarette smokers (0.86 vs 0.59), heavy cigarette smokers (0.96 vs 0.36), cigarette quitters (2.13 vs 1.63), women with high parity (1.52 vs 1.15) and those who reported major weight gain since age 18 y (1.22 vs 0.65). Abdominal gain was less likely than peripheral gain for high vegetable eaters (0.71 vs 0.91), women who exercised > or = 4 h/wk [(especially aerobics/ calisthenics (0.28 vs 0.91) or walking (0.84 vs 1.06)], women who completed menopause (0.74 vs 0.98) and consistent users of estrogen replacement therapy (0.93 vs 1.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A behavior or characteristic may be associated differently with the risks of abdominal and peripheral weight gain. This insight could strengthen recommendations for preventing major chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tatham
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Heath
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005121:Extremities; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain