title: Cardiopulmonary physiology of primary blast injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bomb blast survivors are occasionally found in profound shock and hypoxic without external signs of injury. We investigated the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses of rats subjected to a blast pressure wave.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively randomized, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were instrumented and subjected to a blast pressure wave of different intensities from a blast wave generator. Cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded for 3 hours or until death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cardiovascular response to a blast pressure wave was immediate bradycardia, hypotension, and low cardiac index. Three hours later, the rats developed hypotension, low cardiac index, and low stroke volume. Interestingly, systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. The pulmonary response was a decreased PaO2 and stable PacO2, suggesting a ventilation-perfusion mismatch from massive pulmonary hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blast-induced circulatory shock resulted from immediate myocardial depression without a compensatory vasoconstriction. Hypoxia presumably resulted from a ventilation-perfusion mismatch caused by pulmonary hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City 73126, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bealer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brackett
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Tuggle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley