title: Active site modification of aldose reductase by nitric oxide donors.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) donors sodium nitrosoprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and 3-morpholinosydnonemine (SIN-1) caused a time- and concentration-dependent loss of catalytic activity of recombinant human placental aldose reductase. Modification of the enzyme was prevented by NADPH and NADP and reversed partially by dithiothreitol (DTT) and sodium borohydride. The protection by NADPH was lost in the presence of both substrates (NADPH and glyceraldehyde), indicating that the enzyme becomes sensitive to inhibition by SNP during catalysis. Site-directed mutant form of the enzyme, in which active site cys-298 was substituted with serine (C298S) was not inactivated by NO donors, whereas, ARC80S and ARC303 were as sensitive as the wild type enzyme, indicating that inactivation of aldose reductase is due to modification of the active site at cys298. These results suggest that NO may be an endogenous regulator of aldose reductase, and consequently the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism; which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0647, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Petrash
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D001894:Borohydrides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005985:Glyceraldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine
chemical_list: D001894:Borohydrides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005985:Glyceraldehyde; D009249:NADP; C002385:linsidomine; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; C025364:sodium borohydride; D008981:Molsidomine; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D010396:Penicillamine; D004229:Dithiothreitol