title: Bedwetting and behavioural and/or emotional problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the link between enuresis nocturna and the severity of behavioural and/or emotional problems in Dutch children and the course of these problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  West-Mine Region in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study involving 66 of the 80 bedwetting children from all 1652 children born in 1983 in this region. After 1 y, contact was still possible with 64 of the enuretics. We used the Dutch version of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and a questionnaire about bedwetting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean T-score for Total Problems (CBCL score) in 1992 (M1; mean age 8.6) was 52.1, and 1 y later was 49.2 (M2). There was no significant difference in the CBCL scores for M1, M2 and a matching group from the Dutch CBCL norm population, either in the group who remained wet or in the group who became dry. There were no differences between the sexes. There was no link between the severity of behavioural and emotional problems and the frequency of bedwetting. However, more children with bedwetting than expected were in the clinical range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no difference in behavioural and/or emotional problems between the first and the second measurement and the matching group from the CBCL norm group. There were no differences in behavioural and/or emotional problems between primary and secondary bedwetters, nor were there any consequences related to the frequency of bedwetting.
authors.affiliation: TNO Prevention and Health, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hirasing
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Leerdam
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bolk-Bennink
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bosch
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies