title: Biological monitoring of the fungicide epoxiconazol during application.
abstract: A method was developed for the biological monitoring of the fungicide epoxiconazol (Opus; BASF). Comparison of the urine levels of a hydroxylated metabolite after dermal application to the levels after oral intake revealed a dermal absorption of 1-2.5% of the dose. In a field study with 10 applicators a dermal exposure ranging between 60 and 10,000 microgram/person/day was determined from the urine levels of a hydroxylated metabolite; the contribution of the inhalation exposure was found to be negligible. From these data an incorporation of 1 to 100 microgram epoxiconazol/person/day could be derived. The measured exposure was compared to two commonly used exposure models. The model calculation resulted in a dermal exposure of 555 microgram/person/day (German BBA model) and 2115 microgram/person/day (British POEM), respectively, which is in accordance with the actually measured exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oestreich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schlatter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012869:Skin Absorption; D014230:Triazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles; C109476:epoxiconazole