title: Analgesics in mice used in cancer research: reduction of discomfort?
abstract: During the last decades, an increase is apparent in the use of analgesics for laboratory animals in situations where this was previously considered unnecessary. Mice with advanced tumours often show clear signs of discomfort which may be a result of chronic pain or a result of general ill-being. The syngeneic murine tumour model most frequently used in our experiments was used to investigate whether this discomfort can be reduced with an analgesic. Twenty DBA/2 mice bearing SL2 lymphoma were given 0.5 mg/kg buprenorphine (Temgesic) in food gel twice daily, 20 tumour-bearing mice were given control food gel at the same times. Indicators of well-being were monitored daily. These included behavioural parameters such as exploration, grooming, and posture; food and water consumption and fur quality. All mice showed a clear increase of discomfort with time: explorative behaviours and grooming decreased, while sitting in hunched posture increased. Food and water consumption and fur quality also decreased. Major significant differences between the buprenorphine treated group and the control group were not apparent. In conclusion, we could not document a positive effect or buprenorphine on discomfort in mice as evaluated by our scoring system. It remains possible that pain itself was not the primary cause of the discomfort in mice bearing these tumours, or that the analgesic effect of buprenorphine was insufficient under these circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: van Loo
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Everse
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bernsen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baumans
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hellebrekers
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kruitwagen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: den Otter
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine