title: Condom use and first-time urinary tract infection.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of condom use, lubricated condom use, and spermicide use on risk of acquiring first urinary tract infection in a case-control study of sexually active college women ages 18-39 years. Cases (N = 144) were women with first urinary tract infection that was confirmed by culture recruited at the student health service; controls (N = 286) were women without a history of urinary tract infection who were randomly sampled from all women enrolled at the university. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding type and frequency of condom use during the previous 2 weeks. Condoms and spermicides usually were used in combination with each other or oral contraceptives. After adjusting for frequency of vaginal intercourse, using unlubricated condoms compared with using no birth control method strongly increased the risk of first urinary tract infection (odds ratio = 29.1; 95% confidence interval = 3.1-1,335). Using a lubricated condom (with or without spermicide in the lubricant) or a spermicidal cream or gel with an unlubricated condom was associated with two- to eightfold risk of first urinary tract infection. Unlubricated condom use was strongly associated with risk of first urinary tract infection, but this effect was largely neutralized by using a spermicidal cream or gel with the unlubricated condom or by using a lubricated condom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foxman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spear
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017280:Condoms / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008153:Lubrication; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015206:Southwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies