title: Interexaminer reliability in physical examination of the neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are numerous clinical tests used in the evaluation of patients with symptoms arising from the cervical spine. It is necessary to use clinical tests with high validity and reliability. Previous studies of reliability of clinical tests used in the evaluation of the cervical spine have come to various conclusions, most of which suggest low reliability. This might be explained by differences between examiners in performance and where the limit of normality is placed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interexaminer reliability of clinical tests used in everyday clinical work, where the examiners base their evaluations on a comparison between left and right sides.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 volunteers were examined by two physiotherapists. The interexaminer reliability of clinical tests included in the physical examination of patients with symptoms from the cervical spine was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two physiotherapists independently examined volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An acceptable reliability was found for two of 10 clinical tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When it is possible to compare left and right sides, it is possible to show acceptable reliability for some clinical tests. Reliability studies most often find low reliability, perhaps because of bias; clinical tests are not standardized. In future studies, greater efforts should be taken to reduce bias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. lars-erik.strender@cnsf.ki.se
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Strender
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D002684:Chiropractic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation