title: Effect of personal hygiene on blood lead levels of workers at a lead processing facility.
abstract: The relationship between personal hygiene and blood lead levels was tested at a lead processing facility. During the workers' semiannual respirator fit test, when they were confident their hands were clean, the amount of lead on their right hands was measured. Samples were obtained by cleaning one entire hand with a wiping towel treated with a proprietary mixture of alcohol, surfactants, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Wipe samples were analyzed for total lead and then compared with the worker's blood lead level. Each worker's personal habits at rest were also observed. Workers with more than 1 year's experience had a significantly positive correlation between lead on the hand tested and their blood level. The study strongly suggests that lead on the skin ultimately enters the bloodstream. The route of entry was not investigated. Personal habits of the workers with high blood lead levels were observed to include actions that would quickly contaminate their hands shortly after washing.
authors.affiliation: ESCA Tech, Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53209, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Askin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volkmann
mesh_terms: D002617:Chemical Industry; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead