title: Role of endothelium in the endothelin-1-mediated potentiation of the norepinephrine response in the aorta of hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of the endothelium in the functional interaction between endothelin-1 and norepinephrine in the contractile response of aortas from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thoracic aorta rings with and without endothelium from SHR and from WKY rats were suspended in an organ bath to record the isometric tension. After an equilibration period of 120 min, the preparations with and without endothelin-1 were subjected to single and cumulative additions of norepinephrine in different experiments. To characterize the mechanisms involved in the interaction between endothelin-1 and norepinephrine, the aortic rings were pretreated with a cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitor (piroxicam, SO29548), an inhibitor of NO synthase [NG-nitro-L-arginine (NLA)], or selective endothelin receptor blockers (BQ-123 or BQ-788). In some experiments we examined the contractile responses to norepinephrine in aortas pretreated either with angiotensin II (AII) or with U46619, an agonist of prostaglandin H2-thromboxane A2 receptors. Finally, we examined the effect of the combination of calcium-entry blockade by administration of nifedipine and treatment with either endothelin-1 or U46619 on the norepinephrine reactivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of 3 x 10(-10) mol/l endothelin-1 potentiated the contractile response to norepinephrine in SHR aortas with endothelium, irrespective of whether they had been treated with NLA. No endothelin-1-mediated enhancement of the response to norepinephrine was observed in SHR denuded rings and in untreated and NLA-treated WKY rat aortas. All did not affect the response to norepinephrine in SHR rings with endothelium. The amplification by endothelin-1 of the response to (1-100) x 10(-9) mol/l norepinephrine was abolished by blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway with piroxicam or SO29548. In WKY rat and SHR denuded aortas, 10(-8) mol/l U46619 potentiated the contractile responses to norepinephrine. Administration of 3 x 10(-6) mol/l BQ-123 abolished the increase in reactivity to norepinephrine evoked by endothelin-1 in intact SHR aorta, whereas 3 x 10(-6) mol/l BQ-788 failed to modify this potentiating effect. Administration of 10(-8) mol/l nifedipine inhibited the potentiation of the norepinephrine-induced contractions evoked both by endothelin-1 in SHR aortic rings with endothelium and by U46619 in SHR denuded rings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that a low concentration of endothelin-1 induced potentiation of the contractile response to norepinephrine in SHR aortas but not in WKY rat aortas. This response was endothelium-dependent. Furthermore, our study affords functional arguments that both endothelial and smooth muscle pathways are involved in the potentiating interaction. We propose that endothelin-1 stimulates the production of endothelium- and cyclooxygenase-generated vasoconstrictor factors, which in turn may serve directly as priming stimuli at the vascular smooth muscle level, to activate the Ca(2+)-signal pathway and consequently to increase locally the vascular sensitivity to norepinephrine.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U 337, Faculté de Médecine Broussais-Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zerrouk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Champeroux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safar
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brisac
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D006834:Hydrazines; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010880:Piperidines; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010894:Piroxicam; C086539:BQ 788; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; C045749:SQ 29548; D009543:Nifedipine; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu); D009638:Norepinephrine