title: Utilization of mental health services by women in a male-dominated environment: the VA experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study examined whether women in the Veterans Affairs system use mental health services at a lower rate than men because the system is geared to treat a mostly male population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained on a national cohort of patients utilizing specialty mental health services in the VA during a two-week period in fiscal year 1991 (N = 70,979). Analyses included comparison of the proportion of women among treated veterans with the age-adjusted proportion of women among all veterans, comparison across gender of the likelihood of use of any general psychiatric services or substance abuse care in 1991, comparison of the intensity of services used (inpatient days and outpatient contacts) by service users in 1991, and comparison of the likelihood of receiving care and the intensity of mental health services received two years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 3.95 percent of veterans who used VA mental health specialty services were women; 4.02 percent of all veterans were women. No significant differences between genders were found in use of general psychiatric services, either in the likelihood of any use or the intensity of services used. However, women were significantly less likely to receive substance abuse care (16.3 percent of women versus 71.2 percent of men); once receiving care, they used a similar intensity of substance abuse services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Being a woman does not appear to have a substantial effect on overall access to VA mental health services or use of general psychiatric services; however, women use VA substance abuse treatment services at a lower rate than men.
authors.affiliation: Northeast Program Evaluation Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rosenheck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014600:Utilization Review; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*