title: Mortality associated with HIV-1 infection over five years in a rural Ugandan population: cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of HIV-1 infection on mortality over five years in a rural Ugandan population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal cohort study followed up annually by a house to house census and medical survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rural population in south west Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  About 10,000 people from 15 villages who were enrolled in 1989-90 or later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of deaths from all causes, death rates, mortality fraction attributable to HIV-1 infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 9777 people resident in the study area in 1989-90, 8833 (90%) had an unambiguous result on testing for HIV-1 antibody; throughout the period of follow up adult seroprevalence was about 8%. During 35,083 person years of follow up, 459 deaths occurred, 273 in seronegative subjects and 186 in seropositive subjects, corresponding to standardised death rates of 8.1 and 129.3 per 1000 person years. Standardised death rates for adults were 10.4 (95% confidence interval 9.0 to 11.8) and 114.0 (93.2 to 134.8) per 1000 person years respectively. The mortality fraction attributable to HIV-1 infection was 41% for adults and was in excess of 70% for men aged 25-44 and women aged 20-44 years. Median survival from time of enrollment was less than three years in subjects aged 55 years or more who were infected with HIV-1. Life expectancy from birth in the total population resident at any time was estimated to be 42.5 years (41.4 years in men; 43.5 years in women), which compares with 58.3 years (56.5 years in men; 60.5 years in women) in people known to be seronegative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm that in a rural African population HIV-1 infection is associated with high death rates and a substantial reduction in life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe. ajn@mrc.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruberantwari
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kengeya-Kayondo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology