title: Gender differences in hospitalizations for IDDM among adolescents in California, 1991. Implications for prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe gender differences in hospitalizations for IDDM to investigate the need for gender-specific interventions to reduce diabetes-related morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on hospital discharges with any mention of IDDM (n = 2,889) and the subset of these for IDDM as a principal diagnosis (n = 2,270) in California children, ages 0-18 years during 1991. Pregnancy-related hospitalizations were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females had more diabetes hospitalizations among discharges with any mention of diabetes, among discharges with diabetes as a principal diagnosis, and among discharges with diabetic ketoacidosis as a principal diagnosis. For diabetes as a principal diagnosis, females had 40% more hospitalizations, 44% more repeated hospitalizations, 23% more individuals hospitalized, and significantly higher rates of hospitalizations for ages 10-14 years (50 vs. 38 per 100,000) and for ages 15-18 years (68 vs. 29 per 100,000). Gender differences occurred primarily in adolescents, were independent of complicating conditions at the time of hospitalization, and were observed for diabetic ketoacidosis alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent females had more diabetes hospitalizations than did males. The underlying cause may be biological or behavioral. Management protocols tailored for young women may be required to reduce hospitalizations for IDDM among females.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Women's and Children's Health, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California 94709-1611, USA. bcohn@publichealth.org
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Roffers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors