title: Vamos a Traducir los MRV (let's translate the VRM): linguistic and cultural inferences drawn from translating a verbal coding system from English into Spanish.
abstract: Translating a verbal coding system from one language to another can yield unexpected insights into the process of communication in different cultures. This paper describes the problems and understandings we encountered as we translated a verbal response modes (VRM) taxonomy from English into Spanish. Standard translations of text (e.g., psychotherapeutic dialogue) systematically change the form of certain expressions, so supposedly equivalent expressions had different VRM codings in the two languages. Prominent examples of English forms whose translation had different codes in Spanish included tags, question forms, and "let's" expressions. Insofar as participants use such forms to convey nuances of their relationship, standard translations of counseling or psychotherapy sessions or other conversations may systematically misrepresent the relationship between the participants. The differences revealed in translating the VRM system point to subtle but important differences in the degrees of verbal directiveness and inclusion in English versus Spanish, which converge with other observations of differences in individualism and collectivism between Anglo and Hispanic cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Personality, University of Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caro
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stiles
mesh_terms: D002965:Classification; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012660:Semantics; D014175:Translating; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000145:classification*