title: Perceived tiredness among adolescents and its association with sleep habits and use of psychoactive substances.
abstract: This study investigated the variation in perceived tiredness among 11, 13 and 15-year-old Finnish adolescents (n = 4187). Additionally interrelationships between sleep habits, use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco and coffee) and perceived tiredness among 15-year-olds were examined. This study is part of an international, WHO-coordinated survey of school children's health and lifestyle (the HBSC Study). In Finland, research data represented the whole country. The data were collected in March-May 1994. Pupils responded anonymously to a standardized questionnaire during a class period. Subjective tiredness was very common and increased with age among adolescents. Perceived tiredness on at least four school mornings a week increased from 24 to 35% among boys and from 16 to 34% among girls. Feeling tired more often than once a week increased from 20 to 37% in girls and from 24 to 50% in boys. Structural equation models showed that interrelationships between three factors--sleep habits, use of psychoactive substances and perceived tiredness--were statistically significant. For these three factors the two remaining factors explained 24% of the variance of perceived tiredness among boys and 20% among girls, and the two remaining factors explained 42% (16%) of the variation in sleep habits. For the variance of the use of psychoactive substances sleep habits and perceived tiredness explained 26% (12%). Subjective tiredness is strongly age related; this together with the use of psychoactive substances and sleep habits regulate adolescents' daily life and well-being.
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä, Department of Health Sciences, Finland. jtynjala@cc.jyu.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tynjälä
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kannas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levälahti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D000431:Ethanol