title: Reduction by antiinflammatory drugs of the response of corneal sensory nerve fibers to chemical irritation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been applied topically to reduce ocular pain caused by corneal injury or anterior segment surgery. The authors investigated whether the analgesic effects of the NSAIDs diclofenac, indomethacin, and flurbiprofen and of the calcium channel antagonist diltiazem on corneal pain are mediated by a reduction of nerve activity in corneal polymodal nociceptive fibers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Impulse activity of single A-delta and C corneal nerve fibers was recorded from the ciliary nerves of anesthetized cats. Polymodal units were identified by their response to both touching with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer and to acidic stimulation with 30-second pulses of 80% or 98.5% CO2 or 60 microl of 10 mM acetic acid, applied to the corneal receptive area. Ongoing impulse activity, firing responses to CO2 or acetic acid, and mechanical threshold of single fibers were recorded before and at various times (5 to 90 minutes) after topical application of 0.1% sodium diclofenac, 0.03% sodium flurbiprofen, 0.1% indomethacin, and 0.045% diltiazem hydrochloride or of their vehicles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indomethacin, diclofenac, and flurbiprofen, in decreasing order of potency, gradually reduced the mean frequency of the impulse response of corneal polymodal nerve fibers evoked by CO2 stimuli. The progressive increase of ongoing activity, observed in vehicle-treated eyes after repeated CO2 stimulation was also prevented by NSAIDs. Diltiazem also attenuated the response to CO2 for a shorter period of time and with a faster time course. The mechanical threshold of corneal polymodal fibers was not affected by treatment with any of these drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indomethacin, diclofenac, and flurbiprofen, as well as the calcium antagonist diltiazem, diminish the responsiveness of corneal polymodal nociceptors to chemical stimuli. This appears to be caused, in part, by a direct effect of these drugs on the excitability of polymodal nerve endings, but also by an inhibition by NSAIDs of the formation of cyclooxygenase products such as prostaglandins, thus reducing the enhanced responsiveness of nociceptors caused by local release of arachidonic acid metabolites from injured cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología and Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belmonte
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000698:Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004008:Diclofenac; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D004110:Diltiazem; D019342:Acetic Acid; D007213:Indomethacin