title: Identification of epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erbB2 pathway inhibitors by correlation with gene expression patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth factor receptor-signaling pathways are potentially important targets for anticancer therapy. The interaction of anticancer agents with specific molecular targets can be identified by correlating target expression patterns with cytotoxicity patterns. We sought to identify new agents that target and inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and of c-erbB2 (also called HER2 or neu), by correlating EGF receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha (a ligand for EGF receptor), and c-erbB2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels with the results of cytotoxicity assays of the 49000 compounds in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) drug screen database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of mRNAs were measured and used to generate a molecular target database for the 60 cell lines of the NCI anticancer drug screen. The computer analysis program, COMPARE, was used to search for cytotoxicity patterns in the NCI drug screen database that were highly correlated with EGF receptor, TGF-alpha, or c-erbB2 mRNA expression patterns. The putative EGF receptor-inhibiting compounds were tested for effects on basal tyrosine phosphorylation, in vitro EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and EGF-dependent growth. Putative ErbB2-inhibiting compounds were tested for effects on antibody-induced ErbB2 tyrosine kinase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EGF receptor mRNA and TGF-alpha mRNA levels were highest in cell lines derived from renal cancers, and c-erbB2 mRNA levels were highest in cells derived from breast, ovarian, and colon cancers. Twenty-five compounds with high correlation coefficients (for cytotoxicity and levels of the measured mRNAs) were tested as inhibitors of the EGF receptor or c-erbB2 signaling pathways; 14 compounds were identified as inhibitors of these pathways. The most potent compound, B4, inhibited autophosphorylation (which occurs following activation) of ErbB2 by 50% in whole cells at 7.7 microM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel EGF receptor or c-erbB2 pathway inhibitors can be identified in the NCI drug screen by correlation of cytotoxicity patterns with EGF receptor or c-erbB2 mRNA expression levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wosikowski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuurhuis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Paull
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha