title: Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 2. Effects on physiological responses to peak arm ergometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the task-nonspecific effects of functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)-assisted ambulation training on the physiological responses of persons with paraplegia to upper extremity exercise challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-after trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human spinal cord injury (SCI) applied research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve men and three women with motor- and sensory-complete thoracic-level SCI (T4-T11), mean age 28.2 +/- 6.8yrs (range, 21.1 to 45.2yrs), mean injury duration 3.7 +/- 3.0yrs (range, 7 to 8.8yrs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two sessions of FNS ambulation training using a commercial six-channel system (Parastep 1). This system is composed of a microprocessor-controlled electrical stimulation unit and a walking frame outfitted with finger switches that allow the user to independently control the system and stimulation parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak and subpeak physiological responses to arm ergometry testing and upper extremity strength measures, obtained before and after the FNS ambulation training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant increases in peak values for time to fatigue, peak power output, and peak VO2 (all p < .001). Heart rate was significantly lower throughout subpeak levels of arm ergometry after the ambulation training (p < .05). Values of upper extremity strength were not significantly altered after training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNS ambulation by persons with SCI paraplegia results in task-nonspecific training adaptations. Central cardiovascular adaptations were indicated as the primary source of these beneficial alterations in exercise responses.
authors.affiliation: The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Needham-Shropshire
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D016138:Walking