title: Medically recognized urinary incontinence and risks of hospitalization, nursing home admission and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  this study examined the association between medically recognized urinary incontinence and risk of several disease conditions, hospitalization, nursing home admission and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  review and abstraction of medical records and computerized data bases from 5986 members, aged 65 years and older, of a large health maintenance organization in northern California.
  
  
  RESULTS
  there was an increased risk of newly recognized urinary incontinence following a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, dementia, stroke, depression and congestive heart failure in both men and women, after adjustment for age and cohort. The risk of hospitalization was 30% higher in women following the diagnosis of incontinence [relative risk (RR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-1.5] and 50% higher in men (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3-1.6) after adjustment for age, cohort and co-morbid conditions. The adjusted risk of admission to a nursing facility was 2.0 times greater for incontinent women (95% CI = 1.7-2.4) and 3.2 times greater for incontinent men (95% CI = 2.7-3.8). In contrast, the adjusted risk of mortality was only slightly greater for women (RR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.99-1.3) and men (RR= 1.2; 95% CI= 1.1-1.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  urinary incontinence increases the risk of hospitalization and substantially increases the risk of admission to a nursing home, independently of age, gender and the presence of other disease conditions, but has little effect on total mortality.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1760, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thom
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Haan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Van Den Eeden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000401:mortality*