title: Heart function in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and mildly to moderately impaired renal function. An echocardiographic study.
abstract: Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic heart dysfunction have been reported in essential hypertension and in patients with chronic renal failure, treated with haemodialysis, but a close association with blood pressure (BP) level has not been uniformly documented. Thus, other factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. The aims of the present echocardiographic study were to investigate cardiac morphology and function in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with mildly to moderately impaired renal function, and to study the relation between echocardiographic findings and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), BP and age. Twenty patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and 14 healthy controls, of the same age- and sex-distribution, were examined by 2D-, M-mode and pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. In patients, GFR was determined as plasma clearance of Cr-EDTA. The patients had significantly thicker left ventricular (LV) posterior walls in end diastole (8.7 vs 8.1 mm, p < 0.05), and a higher LV mass index (106.5 vs 93.8 g/m2, p < 0.05). Systolic functional indices, i.e. LV fractional shortening and LV ejection fraction, were statistically significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). LV diastolic function in patients was characterized by a statistically significantly lower early peak flow velocity (E-Vmax) (0.66 compared with 0.8 m/s) and early to late peak flow velocity ratio (E/A ratio) (1.07 vs 1.41), as well as E/A ratio of time velocity indices (VTI-E/A) (1.45 vs 1.99) (p < 0.05). The right ventricular filling indices showed a tendency towards a lower E-Vmax in patients (0.55 compared with 0.62 m/s, p = 0.1). In patients, statistically significant negative correlations were found between age and mitral E/A ratio (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001), as well as LV VTI-E/A(r = -0.81, p < 0.0001). The same trend was seen for the tricuspid E/A ratio. No statistically significant correlations were found in patients between mitral or tricuspid E/A ratio and GFR, BP, LV mass or heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in a group of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and mildly to moderately impaired renal function, it was found by means of echocardiography that there was a higher LV mass index and decreased systolic function, when compared with healthy controls. In addition, the patients had diastolic dysfunction of primarily the left ventricle. The echocardiographic findings were not correlated to BP level or renal function. This suggests that factors other than GFR or BP per se might be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction, at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology