title: Noninvasive prediction of residual blood flow within the risk area during acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter validation study of patients undergoing direct coronary angioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study from a single center, radionuclide measures of collateral flow with technetium 99m sestamibi have been shown to be significantly associated with angiographic residual (antegrade and collateral) flow and independent predictors of final infarct size in acute myocardial infarction. This study examined whether the previously described radionuclide measures of blood flow to the infarct zone were reproducible with different laboratories and imaging systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residual flow to the infarct zone was assessed by both invasive and noninvasive methods in 77 patients with first-time myocardial infarction (32 anterior, 45 nonanterior). All patients underwent acute coronary angiography before any intervention within 8 hours of the onset of chest pain (4.0 +/- 1.5 hours; range 1.2 to 7.9 hours). 99mTc sestamibi was injected intravenously before reperfusion therapy, and tomographic imaging was performed 1 to 6 hours after injection. A central core laboratory processed the acquired images from three centers, each with a unique camera and computer system. Three previously published methods based on the severity of the acute perfusion defect were used to measure residual flow to the infarct zone (nadir, severity index, area). Antegrade (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow) and collateral flow before direct angioplasty were blindly graded on a four-point scale (0 to 3) from the acute angiogram. The simple sum of the two grades was defined as the angiographic flow index, representing residual flow to the jeopardized zone. All three noninvasive measures of residual flow were highly associated with the angiographic flow index in a linear fashion: severity index (p = 0.0006), area (p = 0.003), and nadir (minimum/maximum counts; p = 0.004). This association was independent of the laboratory where the data were acquired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite different laboratories and camera systems, radionuclide measures of residual flow were highly associated with the angiographic flow index before reperfusion therapy. These results suggest that these measures are applicable on a broader scale for the noninvasive determination of collateral and antegrade flow in acute myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chareonthaitawee
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Higano
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Spain
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grines
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi