title: Comparison between thoracoabdominal and abdominal approaches in occurrence of pleural effusion after liver cancer surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pleural effusion is a complication occasionally encountered in hepatic surgery. The production of pleural effusion was compared between thoracoabdominal and abdominal approach for hepatic surgery of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the 98 patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma at the National Cancer Center Hospital from May 1992 to March 1994 were included into the study, of those 70 were by the thoracoabdominal and 28 by the standard abdominal approach. Comparisons were made in regard to the rate of pleural effusion, the rate of postoperative thoracentesis, the number of postoperative thoracentesis procedures per patient, the total volume of pleural effusion obtained by thoracentesis per patient, and the duration of pleural effusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three percent of patients treated with the abdominal approach in contrast to 73% of patients treated with the thoracoabdominal approach developed pleural effusion (p < 0.01). Seven percent of the patients treated with the abdominal approach in contrast to 17% of the patients treated by the thoraco-abdominal approach required thoracentesis. The number of thoracentesis required for the abdominal approach was 1, for the thoracoabdominal approach was 3 (p < 0.02). The bile leakage rate was 17% for thoracoabdominal versus 33% for abdominal approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to frequent pleural effusion, the thoracoabdominal approach should not be used for every liver operation. However, when treatment to the neck of the right hepatic vein is necessary, the thoracoabdominal approach might be recommended because of the easy access to the operating field and the reduced rate of bile leakage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kise
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosuge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors