title: Effects of 4-aminopyridine on extracellular concentrations of glutamate in striatum of the freely moving rat.
abstract: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is a voltage-sensitive K(+)-channel blocker extensively used in in vitro experiments as a depolarizing agent for the release of glutamate (GLU). This research investigated whether 4-AP could be used in in vivo experiments using microdialysis. For that, the effects of 4-AP on the extracellular concentrations of glutamate (GLU), glutamine (GLN), taurine (TAU) and citrulline (CIT) in striatum of the freely moving rat were investigated. The effects of 4-AP were compared with those produced by perfusion with a high K+ (100 mM) medium. Intrastriatal perfusion with 4-AP (1, 5 and 10 mM) produced no effects on extracellular [GLU], [TAU] and [CIT], but decreased extracellular [GLN]. Perfusion with a high K+ (100 mM) medium increased extracellular [GLU] and [TAU], decreased extracellular [GLN], and had no effects on [CIT]. To test whether the lack of effects of 4-AP on extracellular [GLU] was due to GLU uptake mechanisms, 4-AP was perfused after a previous inhibition of GLU uptake with L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC). Under the effects of PDC (1 mM), 4-AP (1 mM) had no effects on extracellular [GLU], [TAU] and [CIT], but decreased extracellular [GLN]. These results show that 4-AP decreased extracellular [GLN] but failed to produce a significant release of GLU in striatum of the freely moving rat. Thus, 4-AP can not be used as a depolarizing agent for stimulating the release of GLU in in vivo studies using microdialysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porras
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D015761:4-Aminopyridine