Contribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 alpha on the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7.
The production of several inflammatory cytokines, such as murine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin (IL)-1, was investigated in response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, with special reference to mutual relation of their productions. The kinetics of MIP-2 production showed a trend for a biphasic pattern, that is, MIP-2 levels became detectable from 2 h postinfection (p.i.) and increased markedly until 8 h p.i. Thereafter, this level fell to the same level until 16 h p.i. and then increased again. TNF alpha was also detectable at 2 h p.i. and then increased sharply until 8 h p.i., when the peak level attained. Compared with the levels of MIP-2 and TNF alpha, that of IL-1 alpha/beta, especially IL-1 beta, was lower (ng versus pg/ml order). The presence of anti-TNF alpha or anti-IL-1 alpha antibody did not influence the early phase of MIP-2 production but significantly inhibited the late phase, suggesting that MIP-2 is induced by the combined effects of RSV infection via direct induction and indirectly after initial induction of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha productions. Although RSV-infected RAW264.7 cells had no alteration in viability compared with mock-infected control, these data demonstrate that RSV is a potent inducer of inflammatory cytokines by direct induction and indirectly via the initial production of other cytokines.
Sakai
S
S
Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Ochiai
H
H
Kawamata
H
H
Kogure
T
T
Shimada
Y
Y
Nakajima
K
K
Terasawa
K
K
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015846:Monokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha