title: Efficacy of a second cycle of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 75%-85% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection do not have a sustained response when treated with interferon (IFN). Limited information exists on the efficacy of retreatment with IFN alone in these patients. The aim of this study was to define the efficacy of IFN retreatment in chronic hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two patients with chronic hepatitis C who had shown transient or no response to recombinant IFN-alpha were randomly retreated with different schedules of lymphoblastoid IFN-alpha and followed up for 12 months after therapy to define biochemical and virological response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of 26 initial nonresponders obtained a sustained response with retreatment, independent of the schedule used. Thirteen of 66 patients (20%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9-31.3) with transient response during the primary cycle developed a sustained biochemical and virological response when retreated, including 3 of 41 (7%; 95% CI, 1.5-9.9) of those receiving the same schedule and 10 of 25 (40%; 95% CI, 21.1-61.3; P < 0.004) of those retreated with a higher dosage and for a longer period. Shorter disease duration (P = 0.02), higher alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.002) and lower gamma-glutamyltransferase levels (P = 0.004), HCV genotype other than HCV-1 (P = 0.03), and a negative serum HCV-RNA test at the end of the primary cycle (P = 0.000) were associated with sustained response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic hepatitis C who have a relapse after a complete response to a 6-month IFN-alpha treatment should be retreated for 12 months. Nonresponders should not be retreated with IFN alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chemello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavalletto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casarin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernardinello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pontisso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral