title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor abrogates transforming growth factor-beta 1-mediated cell cycle arrest by up-regulating cyclin D2/Cdk6.
abstract: The role of positive and negative cytokine interactions in G1 cell cycle regulation of haemopoietic cells was analysed by determination of the expression patterns of D-type cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) in SKM-1 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cells incubated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and/or transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). TGF-beta 1 inhibited SKM-1 cell proliferation due to the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. GM-CSF abrogated the TGF-beta 1-mediated G1 arrest in these cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that TGF-beta 1-mediated G1 arrest correlated with the down-regulation of cdk4, cdk6 and cyclin D2, and that abrogation of TGF-beta 1-mediated G1 arrest by GM-CSF correlated with the constitutive over-expression of cyclin D2 and cdk6 but not cdk4. These results suggest the importance of cyclin D2/cdk6 levels in abrogating G1 arrest in cells exposed to TGF-beta 1, and raise the possibility that the GM-CSF-mediated up-regulatory pathway of signal transduction through cyclin D2/cdk6 differs from the TGF-beta 1-cdk4-mediated pathway in SKM-1 cells. This signal transduction pathway through cyclin D2/cdk6 might play an important role in haemopoietic regulation by the cytokine network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D056742:Cyclin D2; D056743:Cyclin D3; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000473:pathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C080336:CCND2 protein, human; C534696:CCND3 protein, human; D056742:Cyclin D2; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019938:Cyclin D1; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C495911:CDK6 protein, human; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases