title: Transesophageal echocardiographic and clinical features of aortic intramural hematoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the transesophageal echocardiographic features and natural history of patients with aortic intramural hematoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The transesophageal echocardiograms of all patients who had symptoms indicative of aortic dissection over 6 years were reviewed. Measurements were made of the involved aortic segment in the study patients, and follow-up was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with aortic intramural hematoma, the wall thickness of the involved segment was significantly greater for descending segments than ascending segments (ascending aorta 7 +/- 2 mm, descending aorta 15 +/- 6 mm, p = 0.0016). In each case, the crescent-shaped intramural hematoma involved one wall predominantly, leading to compression of the aortic lumen. The findings of echolucent areas and displaced intimal calcium were found in the majority of patients. Four of eight patients with intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta were treated medically and four were treated surgically. The 30-day mortality was 50% in the medically treated patients and 0% in the surgically treated group. Four of 11 patients with isolated intramural hematoma of the descending aorta were treated medically and seven were treated surgically. All medically treated and 86% of surgically treated patients were alive at 30 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic intramural hematoma has distinct and identifiable transesophageal echocardiographic features. These data support those of previous studies documenting high morbidity and mortality in patients with aortic intramural hematoma.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo 63110, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barzilai
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Dávila-Román
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate