title: Disaccharide polyphosphates based upon adenophostin A activate hepatic D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors.
abstract: The glyconucleotides adenophostin A and B are the most potent known agonists at type 1 inositol trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] receptors, although their stuctures differ markedly from that of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Equilibrium competition binding with [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 and unidirectional 45Ca2+ flux measurements were used to examine the effects of adenophostin A in hepatocytes, which express predominantly type 2 Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors. Both Ins(1,4,5)P3 (Kd = 8.65 +/- 0.98 nM) and adenophostin A (Kd = 0.87 +/- 0.20 nM) bound to a single class of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3-binding site and each fully mobilized the same intracellular Ca2+ pool; although, adenophostin A (EC50 = 10.9 +/- 0.7 nM) was more potent than Ins(1,4,5)P3 (EC50 = 153 +/- 11 nM). Working on the assumption that it is the phosphorylated glucose component of the adenophostins that mimics the critical features of Ins(1,4,5)P3, we synthesized various phosphorylated disaccharide analogs containing this structure. The novel disaccharide-based analogs, sucrose 3,4,3'-trisphosphate [Sucr(3,4,3')P3], alpha,alpha'-trehalose 3,4,3',4'-tetrakisphosphate [Trehal(3,4,3',4')P4], alpha,alpha'-trehalose 2,4,3', 4'-tetrakisphosphate [Trehal(2,4,3',4')P4], and methyl 3-O-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-beta-d-ribofuranoside 2,3', 4'-trisphosphate [Rib(2,3',4')P3], were all able to mobilize the same intracellular Ca2+ pool as Ins(1,4,5)P3 and adenophostin A; although, none was as potent as adenophostin A. The rank order of potency of the analogs, adenophostin A > Ins(1,4,5)P3 approximately Rib(2,3',4')P3 > Trehal(2,4,3',4')P4 > Glc(2',3,4)P3 approximately Trehal(3,4,3',4')P4 > Sucr(3,4,3')P3, was the same in radioligand binding and functional assays of hepatic Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors. Both Rib(2,3',4')P3, which was as potent as Ins(1,4,5)P3, and Trehal(2,4,3',4')P4 bound with significantly higher affinity ( approximately 27 and approximately 3-fold, respectively) than the only active carbohydrate agonist of Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors previously examined [Glc(2',3,4)P3]. We conclude that phosphorylated disaccharides provide novel means of developing high-affinity ligands of Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QJ U.K.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Beecroft
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Marwood
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; C085029:adenophostin A; C085030:adenophostin B; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D000241:Adenosine