title: Assessment of exposure to chemical agents and ergonomic stressors in tanneries in Kanpur, India.
abstract: In developing countries qualitative assessment of exposure at the workplace may be an essential tool in evaluating hazardous working conditions. This survey reports on qualitative assessment of exposure to chemicals, dust, and ergonomic stressors among 298 workers in 15 tanneries in Kanpur, India. In general, chemical exposure and dermal exposure were highest among beamhouse workers, less for workers involved in dry finishing activities, and lowest for those performing the wet finishing of hides. Dermal exposure was rated as high to very high during beamhouse activities, reflecting direct contact with wet hides and manual handling of hides in soak tanks. Relevant dust exposure was observed only during dry finishing activities. Most workers experienced severe postural load due to working in trunk flexion and rotation for more than 50% of their daily work time. In addition, manual materials handling with loads over 20 kg frequently occurred. The size of the tannery, in general a reflection of state of technology, showed no systematic influence on exposure profiles. The survey suggested that mechanization of material transfer and application of trolleys reduced the work time with trunk flexion and rotation and implied less manual lifting. The presence of local exhaust ventilation in large tanneries seemed to reduce the chemical exposure. This survey has demonstrated the importance of rapid appraisal techniques for evaluating hazardous conditions at the workplace. In developing countries this approach may facilitate occupational hygiene research and practice.
authors.affiliation: Directorate General, International Cooperation/Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Ory
authors.forename: F U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Katagade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burdorf
mesh_terms: D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013633:Tanning
chemical_list: D004391:Dust