title: Bladder cancer in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there is an increased rate of occurrence of bladder cancer in renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 3130 consecutive renal transplant recipients at the University of Wisconsin Hospital from 1980 to 1994. We then compared the rate of occurrence of bladder cancer in this population with that of the general population of Wisconsin. Using an age-specific hazard model based on the rate of bladder cancer in the general population of Wisconsin, we predicted the expected number of bladder cancer cases in this renal transplant population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using this model, one would expect 1.81 cases of bladder cancer in the renal transplant data set, as opposed to the observed 6, resulting in a relative risk of 3.31 of developing bladder cancer as a result of renal transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a higher incidence of bladder cancer in renal transplant recipients. Therefore, despite a higher incidence of hematuria in this population, each noninfected patient with microscopic (or gross) hematuria should undergo a careful urologic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Buzzeo
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Heisey
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Messing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*