title: Three-dimensional flow-independent peripheral angiography.
abstract: A magnetization-prepared sequence, T2-Prep-IR, exploits T1, T2, and chemical shift differences to suppress background tissues relative to arterial blood. The resulting flow-independent angiograms depict vessels with any orientation and flow velocity. No extrinsic contrast agent is required. Muscle is the dominant source of background signal in normal volunteers. However, long-T2 deep venous blood and nonvascular fluids such as edema also contribute background signal in some patients. Three sets of imaging parameters are described to address patient-specific contrast requirements. A rapid, spiral-based, three-dimensional readout is utilized to generate high-resolution angiograms of the lower extremities. Comparisons with x-ray angiography and two-dimensional time-of-flight angiography indicate that this flow-independent technique has unique capabilities to accurately depict stenoses and to visualize slow flow and in-plane vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, California, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Olcott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szuba
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Irarrazaval
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity