title: Mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy, and video-assisted thoracic surgery in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
abstract: The intrathoracic staging of lung cancer involves assessment of the primary tumor and potential sites of metastases. Imaging studies of the chest are sensitive in detecting intrathoracic abnormalities, but specific staging information generally requires a tissue biopsy. The instruments used to obtain this information include the bronchoscope, mediastinoscope, and thoracoscope. The complementary application of these instruments can provide valuable staging information while limiting the morbidity of surgical staging.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mentzer
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: DeCamp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sugarbaker
mesh_terms: D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008481:Mediastinoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*