title: Excess mortality attributable to hip fracture in white women aged 70 years and older.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate the excess mortality attributable to hip fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 6-year survival rate of community-dwelling White female hip fracture patients aged 70 years and older entering one of seven hospitals from 1984 to 1986 (n = 578) was compared with that of White female respondents aged 70 years and older interviewed in 1984 for the Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 3773).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After age, education, comorbidity, and functional impairment were controlled, the mortality differential between the two groups accumulated to an excess among hip fracture patients of 9 deaths per 100 women 5 years postfracture. Among those with three or more functional impairments or one or more comorbidities, the excess was 7 deaths per 100: the effect of the fracture had disappeared in these groups by 4 years. In contrast, those with two or fewer impairments and those with no comorbidities had a continuing trend of increased mortality, with an excess of 14 deaths per 100 by 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an immediate increase in mortality following a hip fracture in medically ill and functionally impaired patients, whereas among those with no comorbidities and few impairments, there is a gradual increase in mortality that continues for 5 years postfracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magaziner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lydick
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hebel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D015996:Survival Rate; D044465:White People