title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen plasma levels in subjects attending a metabolic ward: relation to polymorphisms of PAI-1 and angiontensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a determinant of vascular events. Subjects in metabolic wards are at high risk for these events. The renin-angiotensin system modulates plasma PAI-1 levels. An insertion (4G)/deletion (5G) polymorphism is involved in the regulation of the circulating levels of PAI-1. We have evaluated the levels of plasma PAI-1 in 208 individuals from our metabolic ward and correlated these levels with the 4G/5G genotype as well as with a genotype (homozygosity for a deletion polymorphism, DD genotype) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. Homozygosity for the insertion genotype (5G/5G) was associated with PAI-1 levels lower than those associated with the deletion genotype (4G/4G) (26.2x/:1.6 versus 33.7x/:1.7 ng/mL, P = .036). Plasma PAI-1 levels appeared to depend on the genotype (P = .014) as much as on age (P = .044), t-PA (P = .0001), or triglyceride levels (P = .005). The association between triglycerides and PAI-1 was significant in subjects carrying the 4G/4G and the 4G/5G genotypes (P = .013 and .036, respectively) but not in those with the 5G/5G genotype. When stratified according to PAI-1 and ACE genotypes, individuals homozygous for both deletions (4G/4G-DD genotypes) exhibited higher plasma PAI-1 levels compared with those of individuals without such homozygosities. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that in a group of subjects from a metabolic ward, a 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene exerts effects on plasma PAI-1 antigen levels comparable to those of established determinants. The association between triglycerides and plasma PAI-1 levels is genotype dependent. A trend to a positive interaction between ACE DD and PAI-1 4G/4G in the regulation of circulating plasma PAI-1 levels is present in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margaglione
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grandone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vecchione
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappucci
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colaizzo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Minno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A