title: Overexpression of metallothionein decreases sensitivity of pulmonary endothelial cells to oxidant injury.
abstract: Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich protein with extensive metal binding capacity and potential nonenzymatic antioxidant activity. Despite the sensitivity of vascular endothelium to either heavy metal toxicity or oxidative stress, little is known regarding the role of MT in endothelial cells. Accordingly, we determined the sensitivity of cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (SPAEC) that overexpressed MT to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), hyperoxia, or 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN; peroxyl radical generator). Nontoxic doses of 10 microM Cd increased MT levels from 0.21 +/- 0.03 to 2.07 +/- 0.24 microg/mg and resulted in resistance to t-BOOH and hyperoxia as determined by reduction of Alamar blue or [3H]serotonin transport, respectively. SPAEC stably transfected with plasmids containing either mouse or human cDNA for MT were resistant to both t-BOOH and hyperoxia. In addition, we examined transition metal-independent, noncytotoxic AMVN-induced lipid peroxidation after metabolic incorporation of the oxidant-sensitive fluorescent fatty acid cis-parinaric acid into phospholipids and high-performance liquid chromatography separation. SPAEC that overexpressed MT after gene transfer completely inhibited peroxyl oxidation of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin (but not phosphatidylethanolamine) noted in wild-type SPAEC. These data show for the first time that MT can 1) protect pulmonary artery endothelium against a diverse array of prooxidant stimuli and 2) directly intercept peroxyl radicals in a metal-independent fashion, thereby preventing lipid peroxidation in intact cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wasserloos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mannix
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tyurina
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Tyurin
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lazo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012756:Sheep; D014162:Transfection; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D009570:Nitriles; D010545:Peroxides; D010743:Phospholipids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C055792:2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); C049375:perhydroxyl radical; D008668:Metallothionein; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D010100:Oxygen