title: Myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass in pigs: a comparison between beta-blockers and Ca2+-channel blockers.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop the surgical technique for internal mammary artery grafting on the beating heart. In 10 pigs, heart rate was reduced with esmolol (n = 5) or verapamil (n = 5). In addition, the anti-ischaemic and anti-arrhythmic potencies of these drugs were investigated. Haemodynamics, mechanical function and ischaemia-sensitive laboratory measurements were assessed perioperatively. There were no differences in pre-ischaemic data including ischaemic clamping time of the left anterior descending artery. At the end of ischaemia haemodynamic parameters were significantly lower in the esmolol-group (P < 0.05). In the verapamil-group, one pig died from ventricular fibrillation during ischaemia, and one showed fibrillation during reperfusion (P < 0.01). There were no differences in cardiac function or enzymes between the groups. Reduction of heart rate was provided by both drugs, but no conclusive evidence was provided with regard to additional anti-ischaemic and anti-arrhythmic protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Vienna, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Podesser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajek
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kupilik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmiedberger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vukovich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiesmayr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamwi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011412:Propanolamines; D014700:Verapamil; C036604:esmolol