title: Risk analysis of coronary bypass surgery after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current strategies for management of acute myocardial infarction (MI) include thrombolysis, angioplasty, and coronary bypass surgery singly or in combination. This study was designed to identify contemporary risk factors for coronary bypass surgery among patients in this high-risk group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1992 and December 1995, 1181 consecutive patients underwent isolated coronary bypass surgery. Of these, 316 underwent coronary bypass surgery within 21 days of MI. Mean age was 65 years (range, 33 to 87 years), and 73% were male. There were 166 patients with stable angina (group 1), 107 patients with unstable angina requiring intravenous nitroglycerin for a control of ischemia (group 2), 20 patients with angina requiring intraaortic balloon counterpulsation for stabilization (group 3), and 23 patients with severe postinfarction ischemia complicated by cardiogenic shock (group 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 5.1% (16 of 316), which was higher (p < 0.05) than the 2.5% (22 of 865) among patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery without recent myocardial infarction. Mortality increased with severity of clinical preoperative status and was 1.2% in group 1, 3.7% in group 2, 20.0% in group 3, and 26% in group 4. Serious postoperative morbidity occurred in 7.3% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified preoperative intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, left ventricular dysfunction, and renal insufficiency as the only independent correlates of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary bypass surgery can be safely performed in stable patients at any time after acute MI, with an operative mortality similar to elective surgery. Thus, in this era of medical cost containment, there is no apparent indication for prolonged stabilization attempts that delay surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Murrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strony
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cmolik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lesnefsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: vanHeeckeren
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Geha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000601:surgery; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin