title: Phylogeographic analysis of pigtail macaque populations (Macaca nemestrina) inferred from mitochondrial DNA.
abstract: Mitochondrial DNA variation was surveyed in nine populations of the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina), covering all three recognized subspecies in Southeast Asia. To do this, a 2,300 base pair fragment spanning the mitochondrial NAD 3 and NAD 4 genes and flanking tRNA subunits leucine and glycine was targeted for amplification and digested with a battery of 16 restriction endonucleases. Out of a total of 107 individuals, 32 unique haplotypes could be distinguished. Parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses grouped the haplotypes into five strongly supported assemblages representing China/Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and Siberut. These results indicate that the mainland and island mtDNA haplotypes are strictly and uniquely limited to the geographic ranges of the recognized morphological subspecies. Cladistic and neighbor-joining analyses indicate that inferred phylogenies of mtDNA haplotypes are congruent with subspecies designations. Furthermore, in support of morphological studies, results indicate that the Mentawai macaque is most likely not a distinct species but a subspecies of M. nemestrina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA. L.Rosenblum@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Supriatna
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Melnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D001208:Asia; D001483:Base Sequence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial