title: Utility of transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization during laparoscopic assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced laparoscopic procedures are more commonly performed in elderly patients with cardiac disease. There has been limited data on the use of pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to monitor hemodynamic changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied eight patients undergoing laparoscopic assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. All patients had a PAC and all but one had an intraoperative TEE. Data included heart rate (HR), temperature (temp), pulmonary artery systolic (PAS) and diastolic (PAD) pressures, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI), mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVO2), and oxygen extraction ratio (O2Ex) and was obtained prior to induction, during insufflation, after desufflation, during aortic cross-clamp, and at the end of the procedure. End diastolic area (EDA), a reflection of volume status, was measured on TEE. ANOVA was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes were noted in HR, temp, PAS, PCWP, CI, MVO2, and O2Ex. PAD and CVP were greater during insufflation compared with baseline and aortic cross-clamp without associated changes in EDA. MAP was higher at baseline compared with all other times during the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufflation increased PAD and CVP. However, volume status as suggested by EDA and PCWP did not change. These data question the reliability of hemodynamic measurements obtained from the PAC during pneumoperitoneum and suggest that TEE may be sufficient for evaluation of volume status along with the added benefit of timely detection of ventricular wall motion abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D013525:Surgical Instruments