Activation or frustration of anti-tumor responses by T-cell-based immune modulation.
Many types of tumors (e.g. virus-induced tumors, melanomas, tumors over-expressing certain oncogenes) often express antigens that can induce T-cell-mediated tumor-specific immune responses. Nonetheless, many such tumors manage to circumvent the induction of an effective anti-tumor T-cell response, as is apparent from the many tumor-bearing patients. Therefore, optimally designed vaccination protocols may evoke a more powerful and competent T-cell-mediated anti-tumor response, allowing the host to effectively deal with at least some cancers. These vaccination approaches might include immunization with whole (tumor) cell-based vaccines, entire tumor antigens or selected T-cell epitopes derived from tumor antigens. This survey is an update of several anti-tumor vaccination approaches employed, and on novel possibilities to target the anti-tumor immune response to preselected tumor-derived T-cell epitopes.
Toes
R E
RE
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Schoenberger
S P
SP
van der Voort
E I
EI
Kast
W M
WM
Hoeben
R C
RC
Melief
C J
CJ
Offringa
R
R
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic