title: Short wave ultraviolet laser energy in porcine coronary arteries: medial cell death and neointimal formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation from arterial media into the neointima are major factors in the restenosis process following coronary angioplasty. Because short wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation is cytotoxic for rat carotid artery smooth muscle cells, the aims of this study were to determine the effects of short wave UV irradiation on normal pig coronary arteries and to evaluate the efficacy of UV laser energy for reducing neointimal hyperplasia (NI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 13 pigs fed a normal diet, 37 coronary arteries were studied. UV laser light (275 nm) was applied in escalating doses from 0-16,353 mJ/cm2 via fiberoptic through a 20 mm PTCA balloon catheter. The pigs were euthanized at 21 days and histologic analysis performed. Arterial media was rendered acellular (ACM) in 20 of 33 irradiated coronary arteries (61%). The minimum UV energy density inducing ACM was 1348 mJ/cm2. The fraction of acellular media to internal elastic lamina length (ACM/IEL) was 0.79 +/- 0.29.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found between NI thickness at normal media sites (NM) vs. ACM sites (0.17 +/- 0.14 mm vs. 0.16 +/- 0.17 mm). No correlation was found between UV dose and NI formation (r = 0.307, P = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short wave UV irradiation induces ACM in normal porcine coronary arteries. Induction of acellular media is not associated with a reduction of NI formation in this porcine coronary model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grégoire
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Camrud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Tassel
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000528:radiation effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007834:Lasers; D016014:Linear Models; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012008:Recurrence; D013552:Swine; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays