title: [Modified radiation administration in Er:YAG laser ab externo sclerostomy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ab externo sclerostomy enables the restrained aqueous humour drain via a microgram wide corneoscleral canal into the subconjunctival space being an alternative surgical method in glaucoma therapy. The tissue ablative infrared laser radiation (2.94 microgram) was applied until now via a quartz fiber manually pushed forward in permanent tissue contact. Our aim was the development of a new applicator tip without manual feed in order to achieve a reduction in times for construction and maintenance of the former tip as well as in the risk of an infection and mechanical damage of intraocular structures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In pig eye experiments, the laser parameters were varied in histological and scanning electron microscopic evaluation (pulse energy: 10-60 mJ, repetition rate: 5-17.5 Hz, combinations of constant power: 200 mW). Their influence on the canal shape and the morphology of the internal ostium has been proven in special tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new development of the applicator tip (core diameter: 550 microgram) enables a conical profile of the beam (diameter 500-150 microgram) within a distance of 2-3 mm, now without pushing the fiber forward ("fixed fiber"). Smooth canal surfaces, a small homogeneous necrosis zone (25 microgram) and only few tissue ruptures have been seen histologically and on SEM. The correlations of ablation rates/-speed as well as canal characteristics are more significant to energy densities than to repetition rates. First clinical application was technically successful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new applicator tip optimizes the method of Er: YAG-laser ab externo sclerostomy from the technical and surgical point of view.
authors.affiliation: Abt. Ophthalmologie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kampmeier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klafke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hibst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wierschin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schütte
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012590:Sclera / Q000473:pathology; D012599:Sclerostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013552:Swine