title: Effect of flush-perfusion on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate how much perfusion pressure an artery can tolerate without significant loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and vascular contractility.
  
  
  METHODS
  The abdominal aortas of 396 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. One hundred twenty aortas were flush-perfused for 1 or 5 minutes with cold St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic (STHC) solution or with the same solution but modified by the addition of 3.5% dextran 40. Three perfusion pressures were tested: 50, 100, and 150 mm Hg. Two hundred eighty vessels were subjected to pressures of 50, 150, or 300 mm Hg using saline or STHC solution at 22 degrees C or STHC solution at 4 degrees C, for 10 or 60 seconds. The vessels were investigated in organ baths. Contractility was tested with the thromboxane analogue U-46619, acetylcholine was used to investigate EDR, and papaverine to elicit endothelium-independent relaxation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flush-perfusion with cold STHC solution for 5 minutes at a perfusion pressure of 50 or 100 mm Hg affected neither contractility nor EDR. Vessels exposed to a flush-perfusion pressure of 150 mm Hg for 1 or 5 minutes lost 39% (p < 0.001) and 53% (p < 0.001) of their contractility, respectively. Flush-perfusion at 150 mm Hg for 1 minute did not affect EDR, whereas 5 minutes' perfusion caused a reduction of 7% (p < 0.05). A repetition of these experiments using STHC solution with 3.5% dextran 40 added gave no significantly different results. The impairment in contractility and EDR seen after perfusion at 150 mm Hg for 5 minutes disappeared after transplantation and reperfusion for 7 days. The vessels could be distended with saline or STHC solution at a pressure of 150 mm Hg without affecting contractility at 22 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, however, this pressure was harmful to contractility. Distention at a pressure of 300 mm Hg almost abolished contractility and 7 days after transplantation there had not yet been any recovery of contractility, but 30 days after transplantation the grafts had regained their normal contractility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cold STHC solution, with or without dextran 40, can be used with a perfusion pressure of 100 but not 150 mm Hg without impairing EDR or vascular smooth muscle function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ingemansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budrikis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bolys
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D003911:Dextrans; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008274:Magnesium; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D003911:Dextrans; C041711:St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D008274:Magnesium; D002122:Calcium Chloride