title: Clinical and genomic influence of sulindac on rectal mucosa in familial adenomatous polyposis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was performed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of low doses of the nonsteroidal drug, sulindac, on adenomas and rectal mucosa in familial adenomatous polyposis and to analyze the influence on tumor-suppressor genes and on apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, controlled, nonrandomized Phase II dose-finding study for sulindac. The study group (n = 28) and control group (n = 10) underwent colectomy and ileorectal anastomoses, with repeated proctoscopy with endoluminal ultrasound and biopsies every three months. Dose-reduction of sulindac according to adenoma reversion was predetermined. Proliferation marker, Ki-67 (MIB1 and 5), on frozen or paraffin sections evaluated the antiproliferative effects; mutant p21ras, pantropic p53, mutant p53, and anti-bcl-2 were performed as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures and/or immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients responded to sulindac after 24 weeks (at the latest). There was a significant reduction of adenomas and dose reduction to 67 mg/day after three years of therapy (Mann's test for trend, P < 0.001). Results consisted of 78 percent complete reversions, 22 percent partial reversions of adenomas at latest re-examination, and no influence on upper gastrointestinal tract adenomas. No influence was detected on repeated hemograms, liver, or renal function at high or low doses. There was a permanent antiproliferative effect (Ki-67) of low-dose sulindac, significant blocking of ras mutation activation, and a significant difference of untreated and treated mucosa in mutant p53 content (Wilcoxon's or Kruskal-Wallis each, P < 0.05). Reverse correlation of anti-bcl-2 and p53 immunostaining on mucosa sections was an indication of adenoma relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose antiproliferative sulindac therapy is highly effective in adenoma reversion in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Sulindac shows influence on tumor-suppressor genes and on apoptosis markers. An immunostaining correlation indicates adenoma relapse in flat microadenomas in advance of macroscopic appearance. Low-dose sulindac treatment may develop into an additive permnanent therapy for colectomized familial adenomatous polyposis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery of the Westfälische Wilhelms-University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winde
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osswald
mesh_terms: D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002455:Cell Division; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000032:analysis; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D013467:Sulindac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D013467:Sulindac; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)