title: Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 1. Ambulation performance and anthropometric measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe performance parameters and effects on anthropometric measures in spinal cord injured subjects training with the Parastep 1 system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-after trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human spinal cord injury applied research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen men and 3 women with thoracic (T4-T11) motor-complete spinal cord injury: mean age, 28.8yrs; mean duration postinjury, 3.8yrs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two functional neuromuscular stimulation ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep-1). The hybrid system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Distance walked, time spent standing and walking, pace, circumferential (shoulders, chest, abdomen, waist, hips, upper arm, thigh, and calf) and skinfold (chest, triceps, axilla, subscapular, supraillium, abdomen, and thigh) measurements, body weight, thigh cross-sectional area, and calculated lean tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant changes in distance, time standing and walking, and pace were found. Increases in thigh and calf girth, thigh cross-sectional area, and calculated lean tissue, as well as a decrease in thigh skinfold measure, were all statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Parastep 1 system enables persons with thoracic-level spinal cord injuries to stand and ambulate short distances but with a high degree of performance variability across individuals. The factors that influence this variability have not been completely identified.
authors.affiliation: The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Broton
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Needham-Shropshire
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking