title: Effects of aerosolized surfactant in patients with stable chronic bronchitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic bronchitis, estimated to affect more than 13 million adults in the United States, is characterized in part by retention of airway secretions, but no approved or effective therapy for airway mucus retention in patients with chronic bronchitis has been established. Surfactant reduces sputum adhesiveness, which contributes to difficulty in clearing secretions, but surfactant has not been tested in patients with chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of exogenous surfactant on sputum clearance and pulmonary function in patients with stable chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled comparison of the effects of 2 weeks of treatment with 3 doses of aerosolized surfactant (palmitoylphosphadidylcholine [DPPC]) or saline (placebo).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four US teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 87 adult patients with the diagnosis of stable chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and sputum properties before treatment (day 0), after 2 weeks of treatment (day 14), and 7 days after stopping treatment (day 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66 patients were randomized to surfactant treatment and 21 to saline treatment. Patient demographic characteristics between groups were similar at baseline. In patients who received a DPPC dose of 607.5 mg/d for 2 weeks, prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increased from 1.22 L (SEM, 0.08 L) at day 0 to 1.33 L (SEM, 0.09 L) at day 21 (P=.05), an improvement of 11.4%; postbronchodilator FEV1 improved 10.4% by days 14 and 21 (P=.02); and the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity, a measure of thoracic gas trapping, decreased 6.2% by day 21 (P=.009). In the surfactant groups, there was a dose-dependent increase in the ability of sputum to be transported by cilia in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerosolized surfactant improved pulmonary function and resulted in a dose-related improvement in sputum transport by cilia in patients with stable chronic bronchitis.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anzueto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jubran
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ohar
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Piquette
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Rennard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colice
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pattishall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engle
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000336:Aerosols; D000368:Aged; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C047049:dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination