title: Thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent and graded risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), may result from both environmental and hereditary factors. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the conversion of methylenetetrahydrofolate to methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. A 677C-->T mutation in the MTHFR gene has been associated with elevated homocysteine concentrations in homozygous (+/+) individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed the frequency of this common mutation in 735 CAD patients from the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS), a lipid-lowering coronary-regression trial, and in 1250 population-based control subjects. Furthermore, the association between the mutation and serum homocysteine concentrations was studied. The frequency of the homozygous (+/+) mutation was 9.5% among patients versus 8.5% among control subjects, resulting in an odds ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.68), relative to the (-/-) genotype. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly elevated in both (+/+) and (+/-) individuals compared with (-/-) individuals (median homocysteine levels, 15.4, 13.4, and 12.6 micromol/L, for (+/+), (+/-), and (-/-) individuals, respectively). For a summary estimation of the risk of the (+/+) genotype for CAD, we performed a meta-analysis on 8 different case-control studies on thermolabile MTHFR in CAD. In the meta-analysis, the homozygous (+/+) genotype was present in 299 of 2476 patients (12.1%) and in 257 (10.4%) of 2481 control subjects, resulting in a significant odds ratio of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.47) relative to the (-/-) genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-) genotype result in elevated homocysteine concentrations. From our meta-analysis, we conclude that the homozygous (+/+) genotype is a modest but significant risk factor for CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kluijtmans
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindemans
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Boers
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bruschke
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jukema
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Trijbels
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Boerma
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Verheugt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Blom
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005838:Genotype; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D009154:Mutation; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)