title: Clinical outcome of continuous facial nerve monitoring during primary parotidectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether continuous facial nerve monitoring during parotidectomy is associated with a lower incidence of facial nerve paresis or paralysis compared with parotidectomy without monitoring and to assess the cost of such monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of outcomes for patients who underwent parotidectomy with or without continuous facial nerve monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients undergoing parotidectomy in whom continuous electromyographic monitoring was used and 61 patients in whom it was not used.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) The incidence of early and persistent facial nerve paresis or paralysis and (2) the cost associated with facial nerve monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early, unintentional facial weakness was significantly lower in the group monitored by electromyograpy (43.6%) than in the unmonitored group (62.3%) (P=.04). In the subgroup of patients without comorbid conditions or surgeries, early weakness in the monitored group (33.3%) remained statistically lower than the rate of early weakness in the unmonitored group (57.5%) (P=.03). There was no statistical difference in the final facial nerve function or incidence of permanent nerve injury between the groups or subgroups. After multivariate analysis, nonmonitored status (odds ratio [OR], 3.22), advancing age (OR, 1.47 per 10 years), and longer operative times (OR, 1.3 per hour) were the only significant independent predictive variables significantly associated with early postoperative facial weakness. The incremental cost of facial nerve monitoring was $379.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that continuous electromyographic monitoring of facial muscle during primary parotidectomy reduces the incidence of short-term postoperative facial paresis. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique need to be considered together with the additional costs in deciding whether routine use of continuous monitoring is a useful, cost-effective adjunct to parotid surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor,USA. terrelj@umich.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Terrell
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kileny
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yian
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Esclamado
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pillsbury
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004576:Electromyography / Q000191:economics; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000191:economics; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies