title: Dobutamine maintains intestinal villus blood flow during normotensive endotoxemia: an intravital microscopic study in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gut plays a pivotal role in sepsis. Intestinal hypoperfusion with subsequent ischemia leads to translocation of endotoxin. Dobutamine has been demonstrated to increase mesenteric blood flow during endotoxic shock; however, its effects on mucosal blood flow especially in intestinal villi is not known. Therefore, we investigated its influence on the blood flow and the arteriolar diameters in intestinal villi in a model of normotensive endotoxemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) control, saline; (2) endotoxin, endotoxin 1.5 mg/kg during 60 minutes; and (3) dobutamine, endotoxin 1.5 mg/kg (60 minutes) and dobutamine 2.5 micrograms/kg/min during 120 minutes. Villus blood flow and arteriolar diameters were determined at 0 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes in each group using intravital microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Villus blood flow was constant in the control group, significantly reduced at 120 minutes in the endotoxin group (120 minutes, 55.1 +/- 7.4%), and remained at baseline values in the dobutamine group. The arteriolar diameters remained constant in the control and the dobutamine groups, but they were significantly reduced in the endotoxin group at 120 minutes (7.8 +/- 0.2 to 6.5 +/- 0.7 micron).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that in rats with normotensive endotoxemia, arteriolar diameters and blood flow in intestinal villi were reduced. Dobutamine prevented arteriolar constriction and maintained villus blood flow at preendotoxemic values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Secchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wellmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004280:Dobutamine