title: Cochlear implants in children: what constitutes a complication?
abstract: The surgeon must ultimately accept the responsibility for any complications that occur as the result of a cochlear implant. Listening to the cochlear implant team members and responding to their needs may enhance the child's progress. Surgical complications, (i.e., skinflap problems, infection, and facial paralysis) are indeed infrequent, but nonsurgical problems are not. Surgical and nonsurgical experiences were reviewed in 55 children. Ages ranged from 23 months to 18 years at the time of cochlear implantation, which occurred from 1984 to 1995. There were no surgical complications. However, the most common surgical obstacle was ossification, which was present in 40% and undetected by computed tomographic scanning in 16.3% of children. Ossification occurred at the round window and scala tympani in 32.7% and involved the cochlea more extensively in 7.3% of children. In only one child was the cochlea entirely ossified. There were, however, many nonsurgical problems that were viewed as complications in patient management. The single most important complication was device failure. This occurred in 10.9% (5/46) of children with the Cochlear Corporation multichannel implant. Head banging and other temper tantrums, parental interference with rehabilitation, socioeconomic factors, poor compliance by the family unit, equipment problems, educational deficiencies, and impatience with habilitative training were some of the other problems.
authors.affiliation: Midwest Ear Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Luetje
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015834:Cochlear Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D009042:Motivation; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000473:pathology; D012533:Scala Tympani / Q000473:pathology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019956:Stereotypic Movement Disorder / Q000150:complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D013694:Temperament; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome