title: A prospective evaluation of alcohol-assisted versus mechanical epithelial removal before photorefractive keratectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to compare alcohol-assisted versus mechanical debridement of the corneal epithelium before photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low-to-moderate myopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed on a group of consecutive patients operated on at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from February to April 1996 and followed for 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients (eyes) were divided in 2 groups: 40 alcohol and 40 mechanical.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients underwent PRK for myopia (-1.5 to -7.5 diopters) with a Summit Apex excimer laser. The corneal epithelium was removed either with 20% ethanol or with a scalpel blade.
  
  
  METHODS
  The two groups were compared for epithelial removal time, epithelial defect size at the end of surgery, and rate of re-epithelialization. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive outcome, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and subjective haze were measured at 4 days and at 1, 3, and 6 months. In an additional short-term study, 40 patients (20 alcohol, 20 mechanical) had intraoperative pachymetry performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol-assisted de-epithelialization was faster than mechanical debridement (107 [+/-20.6 standard deviation] versus 141 [+/-30.5] seconds [P < 0.0001]) and led to a more circumscribed and reproducible epithelial defect at the end of surgery (87,739 [+/-11,852] versus 103,518 [+/-33,942] square pixels [t test, P = 0.04; f test, P = 0.001]). At 4 days, 95% of the alcohol-treated patients had healed compared with 78% of the mechanically scraped patients (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.04). The alcohol group had a better UCVA at 4 days (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution UCVA 0.36 [+/-0.22] versus 0.51 [+/-0.26]) and at 1 month (0.14 [+/-0.17] versus 0.22 [+/-0.16] [Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.02 and P = 0.03]) but equalized at 3 months (0.10 [+/-0.14] versus 0.13 [+/-0.16]) and at 6 months (0.11 [+/-0.15] versus 0.14 [+/-0.13] [Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.23 and P = 0.34]). There was a trend toward less subjective haze in the alcohol-treated patients over the course of the study (area under the curve, 71.9 [+/-35.3] versus 87.9 [+/-33.8] [Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.07]). The difference from target was equivalent in both groups at 6 months (-0.22 [+/-0.58] diopter in the alcohol group and -0.43 [+/-0.52] diopter in the mechanical group [t test, P = 0.14; f test, P = 0.57]). There were no differences in intraoperative pachymetry, corneal uniformity index as calculated from the corneal topography, and loss of BCVA between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twenty percent ethanol is a simple, safe, and effective alternative to mechanical scraping before PRK and appears to be associated with a quicker visual rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Talamo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol