title: Benzydamine protection in a mouse model of endotoxemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that benzydamine (40 mg/kg s.c.) is able to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and to reduce mouse lethality when administered before or concomitantly with LPS. The present study was designed to further investigate benzydamine activity against LPS-induced toxicity in terms of potency and therapeutic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Balb/c mice were used. A dose-response curve of animal lethality versus endotoxin dose was performed (LD50 = 45 micrograms/mouse). Therapeutic effects were studied selecting the dose of LPS to achieve an LD100 (160 micrograms/mouse). Mortality was assessed daily and mice were followed for 8 days. The potential mode of action of therapeutically administered benzydamine was also investigated. TNF alpha and IL-1 beta levels were measured, at 5 h after LPS injection, both in sera and in lungs. Moreover, the drug was assayed in a TNF-dependent cytoxicity test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Benzydamine, administered at 20 mg/kg s.c. simultaneously with the endotoxin, significantly increased LPS LD50 up to 230 micrograms/mouse (p < 0.05). Moreover, the drug significantly protected mice against LPS-induced lethality when administered either 30 min or 4 h after endotoxin injection (p < 0.001). Benzydamine, therapeutically administered at 20 mg/kg s.c., significantly reduced TNF alpha and IL-1 beta production induced by LPS both in serum and lungs and it was shown to inhibit TNF-dependent cytoxicity on L929 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly demonstrate the therapeutic activity of benzydamine in a simple model of endotoxic shock. Available data confirm the potential role of benzydamine as an anti-cytokine agent and provide suggestions for novel therapeutic applications of this anti-inflammatory drug.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Angelini Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guglielmotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aquilini
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rosignoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Landolfi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soldo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001591:Benzydamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005354:Fibrosarcoma; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001591:Benzydamine