title: Thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: perspectives over a decade with the clamp-and-sew technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experience over a decade with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA) repair using a clamp-sew technique was reviewed to compare overall results with alternative operative methods.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Controversy continues as to the optimal technique for TAA repair, with frequent contemporary emphasis on bypass-distal perfusion methods. Proponents of this technique claim improved results compared to those of historic control subjects in the parameters of operative mortality, postoperative renal failure, and lower extremity neurologic deficit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the interval from 1987 to 1996, 160 TAA repairs (type I, 32%; type II, 15%; type III, 34%; and type IV, 19%) were performed in 157 patients with a mean age of 70 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1/1. Clinical features included ruptured TAA (10%), urgent operation (22.5%), and aortic dissection (18%). Operative management used a clamp-sew technique with regional hypothermia for spinal cord (epidural cooling, since 1993) and renal protection. Variables associated with the endpoints of operative mortality or major morbidity, particularly spinal cord injury, were assessed with Fisher exact test and logistic regression; late survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-hospital mortality was 9% and was associated with operation for rupture (p < 0.005) or other acute presentation (p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, the postoperative complication renal failure (relative risk, 6.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.8-23.6, p = 0.004]) and significant spinal cord injury (relative risk, 16.5 [95% confidence interval, 3.2-83.2, p = 0.001]) were associated independently with operative mortality. Paraparesis-paraplegia occurred in 7%, an incidence significantly (p < 0.001) less than that (18.7%) predicted for this cohort from published models. Variables associated (univariate analysis) with this complication included TAA rupture (p < 0.0001), other acute presentation or dissection (p < 0.001), prolonged (>6 hours) operation (p < 0.04), and excessive (>3 L) transfusions (p < 0.02). Operation for acute presentation or dissection (relative risk, 7.9 [95% confidence interval, 1.7-37.7, p = 0.009]) and prolonged surgery [relative risk, 7.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-35.3, p = 0.01]) retained independent association with paraplegia-paraparesis after multivariate analysis. Dialysis was needed in 2.5%. Late survival at 1 and 5 years was 86 +/- 2.9% and 62 +/- 5.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data compare favorably with those from contemporary reports using other operative strategies and do not support routine adoption of bypass-distal perfusion as the preferred technique for TAA repair.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cambria
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zannetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: L'Italien
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atamian
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000601:surgery*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000601:surgery*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate