title: Patterns of disclosure and perceptions of the human immunodeficiency virus in infected elementary school-age children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the patterns of disclosure and perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in a group of HIV-infected elementary school-age children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A referred care university hospital center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All HIV-infected children born before August 31, 1985, and scheduled for ambulatory follow-up between 1984 and 1993 were eligible for the study. A total of 35 HIV-infected (21 asymptomatic and 14 symptomatic) elementary school-age children (aged 5-10 years) were examined between 1990 and 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured qualitative interviews were used, 1 with the children and 1 with their parents or caregivers. In addition, 3 drawings per child were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial disclosure was observed in 14 (40%) of the children, and full disclosure of the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was given to 6 (17%) of the children. Secrecy regarding serostatus was the strategy used by 15 (43%) of the parents or caregivers involving either complete nondisclosure (n = 8) or deception by means of attributing the symptoms to another condition, medical or other (n = 7). Perceived health status and clinical status differed for 11 (31%) of the children. Eight children did not identify any illness causality, and most of the others gave prelogical or concrete-logical explanations. Few children were aware of their parent's infection or disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human immunodeficiency virus-infected elementary school-age children were exposed to various disclosure patterns regarding their HIV infection or disease, and most children (26/35 [74%]) reported stressful experiences due to HIV regardless of the disclosure patterns.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immuno-Hématologie, Fédération de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Funck-Brentano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costagliola
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seibel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tardieu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanche
mesh_terms: D001154:Art; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D008192:Deception; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure