title: [Cryopreservation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells using a controlled rate freezing system: experience with 86 procedures].
abstract: The cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells can be used for rescuing the hematopoiesis after high dose chemotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The ice crystal formation during the freezing procedure is the key point that can be harmful to the cells. The cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells in a controlled-rate freezer could decrease the cell damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with a median age of 26 years (range 03-57) had bone marrow and/or peripheral blood stem cells harvested from March 1993 through October 1994, ending up to 86 freezing procedures. The patient's diagnoses are as follows: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (n = 5); Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (n = 8); Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (n = 6); Hodgkin's disease (n = 3); Multiple Myeloma (n = 1). The cells were frozen away in a controlled-rate freezer chamber at the following rate: -1 degree C/min from room temperature to -45 degrees C and then, at -10 degrees C/min down to -80 degrees C. After freezing, the cells were kept into mechanical freezers until the marrow infusion. To mobilize PBSC (peripheral blood stem cells), G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) was given.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A median of 3.16 x 10(8) cells/kg (range 0.86-24.22) of PBSC and 2.03 x 10(8) cells/kg (0.19-12.21) of bone marrow cells were frozen. The median time to reach granulocytes greater than 500/microL and platelets greater than 20,000/microL was 12 days (range 8-40) and 31 days (range 8-80), respectively. All patients had marrow engraftment after infusion of hematopoietic stem cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cryopreservation procedure using a controlled-rate freezer can store hematopoietic stem cells and potentially, cause less damage to the cells.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Massumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendrone Júnior
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakashita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostronoff
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorlhiac
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chamone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dulley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013234:Stem Cells