title: Newcastle disease oil emulsion vaccines prepared with animal, vegetable, and synthetic oils.
abstract: Animal, vegetable, and synthetic oils were tested as potential replacements for mineral oil in Newcastle disease oil emulsion vaccines. Emulsifying surfactants of seed oil origin comprised 10% of the the oil phase that was used to prepare water-in-oil emulsion vaccines that contained a final concentration of 20% aqueous antigen. The hemagglutination inhibition responses of chickens inoculated with 46 of the newly formulated oil vaccines were, in most cases, not significantly different from those of control chickens inoculated with mineral oil vaccine. Tissue reactions associated with animal, vegetable, and synthetic oil vaccines were less severe than those associated with mineral oil vaccines. Viscosity of the mineral oil formulations ranged from 1/2 to 3 1/2 times that of the mineral oil control vaccines. These findings indicate that any of several oils may be more suitable than mineral oil for preparation of immune adjuvants for poultry vaccines.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002645:Chickens; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D008297:Male; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D009821:Oils; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; C011894:La Sota vaccine; D009821:Oils; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C033180:ethyl oleate