title: Effects of prostaglandin treatment and paracervical blockade on postoperative pain in patients undergoing first trimester abortion in general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The postoperative analgesic efficacy of a paracervical blockade (PCB) as an adjunct to general anesthesia (GA) during outpatient abortion (dilatation and curettage) is unclear, and the present study was initiated to evaluate if PCB is of significant importance per- or postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred women (aged 18-49 years) were assigned to one of four groups; group 1 received vaginal prostaglandin (PG) (PGE1, gemeprost 1 mg) for softening of the cervix preoperatively and surgery was performed in GA, group 2 received preoperative PG and surgery was performed in GA + PCB; group 3 did not receive PG treatment and surgery was performed in GA and group 4 were subjected to GA + PCB without preoperative PG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women receiving preoperative prostaglandin treatment (groups 1 and 2) reported significantly higher pain intensity already preoperatively, but also postoperatively as compared to patients not treated with PG. The patients subjected to prostaglandin treatment (groups 1 and 2) also had a significantly higher consumption of analgesics as compared to non-PG treated groups (3 and 4). The addition of PCB did not influence pre- and postoperative pain intensity significantly or consumption of analgesics. Patients receiving PG also reported significantly more nausea than the others although nausea was of low intensity. Patients receiving PG were, however, discharged earlier than the others from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative treatment of the cervix with prostaglandins was associated with significantly higher pain intensity both pre- and postoperatively, and increased need for analgesics postoperatively and more intense nausea. PCB given just before surgery did not result in significant postoperative analgesia. More efficient techniques for pain control should be developed for women subjected to first trimester abortion with preoperative PG treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekblom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irestedt
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects*; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011453:Prostaglandins