title: Effect of L-arginine on human coronary endothelium-dependent and physiologic vasodilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that L-arginine would improve abnormal coronary vasodilation in response to physiologic stress in patients with atherosclerosis and its risk factors by reversing coronary endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Studies have demonstrated that physiologic coronary vasodilation correlates with endothelial function and that L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, improves the response to acetylcholine (Ach).
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in coronary blood flow and epicardial diameter response to Ach, adenosine and cardiac pacing were measured in 32 patients with coronary atherosclerosis or its risk factors and in 7 patients without risk factors and normal coronary angiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracoronary L-arginine did not alter baseline coronary vascular tone, but the epicardial and microvascular responses to Ach were enhanced (both p < 0.001). The improvement after L-arginine was greater in epicardial segments that initially constricted with Ach; similarly, L-arginine abolished microvascular constriction produced by higher doses of Ach. Thus, there was a negative correlation between the initial epicardial and vascular resistance responses to Ach and the magnitude of improvement with L-arginine (r = -0.55 and r = -0.50, respectively, p < 0.001). D-Arginine did not affect the responses to Ach, and adenosine responses were unchanged with L-arginine. Cardiac pacing-induced epicardial constriction was abolished by L-arginine, but microvascular dilation remained unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, L-arginine improved endothelium-dependent coronary epicardial and microvascular function in patients with endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of epicardial constriction during physiologic stress by L-arginine in patients with endothelial dysfunction may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1650, USA. quyyumia@gwgate.nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Quyyumi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dakak
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Diodati
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gilligan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Panza
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine