title: Descriptions of suffering in connection with life values. Healthy individuals' reflections in interviews.
abstract: Nine semistructured interviews with attendant questions were conducted with the purpose of elucidating how healthy individuals describe suffering and life values in their reflections upon active euthanasia. In order to find the intended meaning in utterances, the interviews were interpreted step by step. The point of departure was the following question: What expressions of suffering and what expressions of life values can be found in the text? A connection was found between the interviewees' descriptions of suffering and life values in their reflections upon active euthanasia. The interviewees who considered close relations to be a value of life expressed suffering as dependence, compassion, violation, abandonment and feelings of guilt, while those to whom health was a value of life expressed suffering as torment, dependence, physical pain, feebleness, hopelessness and dying. Those who saw autonomy as a value of life expressed suffering as dependence and violation and those to whom doing good was a value of life expressed suffering as compassion. When organizing health care and deciding about the response to suffering, it seems important to strive for a response built upon the individual patient's description of suffering and life values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Graneheim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kihlgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005065:Euthanasia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D012945:Social Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires