title: [Selected problems with ocular accommodation in children and youth].
abstract: This paper intends to present some accommodative disturbances which cause difficulties in reading and should be differentiated from dyslexia. The work describes the way of evaluation of accommodative convergence to accommodation rate (AC/A ratio). Clinical forms of two types of nonrefractive accommodative convergence excess connected with high AC/A ratio, namely hyperkinetic and hypoaccommodative, are presented. In hyperkinetic type, disturbances of ocular movements coordination during reading prevail. Patients with hypoaccommodation disorders suffer from youth presbyopia. The paper describes the ways of treatment of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Pracownii Patofizjologii Widzenia i Neurookulistyki, Katedry i Kliniki Okulistyki Collegium Medicum UJ w Krakowie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubatko-Zielińska
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Krzystkowa
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis; D004411:Dyslexia, Acquired / Q000209:etiology*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy