title: Predictive power and construct validity of the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) scale. Depressed out-patients and couples from the general community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Level of Expressed Emotion scale (LEE) is a questionnaire designed to measure the perception of expressed emotion, an important predictor of the course of several psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the scale's predictive and construct validity were examined in a sample of 26 clinically depressed out-patients and their partners, and in a sample of 40 couples from the general community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sample of depressed out-patients, the LEE was predictive of depression improvement at six-month follow-up. With regard to the construct validity, results in both samples showed quite strong relationships between the LEE and depressive symptomatology, relational dissatisfaction, and coping styles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LEE may be a useful tool in the study of interpersonal processes and depression, both in clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerlsma
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hale
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity