title: Experienced consent in geriatrics research: a new method to optimize the capacity to consent in frail elderly subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive and sensory difficulties frequently jeopardize informed consent of frail elderly patients This study is the first to test whether preliminary research experience could enhance geriatric patients' capacity to consent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A step-wise consent procedure was introduced in a study on fluid balance in geriatric patients. Eligible patients providing verbal consent participated in a try-out of a week, during which bioelectrical impedance and weight measurements were performed daily. Afterwards, written informed consent was requested. Comprehension, risk and inconvenience scores (ranges: 0-10) were obtained before and after the try-out by asking ten questions about the study's essentials and by asking for a risk and inconvenience assessment on a ten-points rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy of the 78 eligible subjects started the try-out and 53 (68%) provided written consent. The comprehension score increased from 5.0 (+/- 2.3) to 7.0 (+/- 1.9) following the try-out (P < 0.001). The number of subjects capable of weighing risks and inconveniences increased from 32 to 48 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research experience improved the capacity to consent, still enabling an acceptable participation rate. Therefore, experienced consent seems a promising tool to optimize informed consent in frail elderly subjects.
authors.affiliation: University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rikkert
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van den Bercken
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: ten Have
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hoefnagels
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D032882:Comprehension; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006262:Health; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D009426:Netherlands; D033281:Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation; D018579:Patient Selection; D035842:Research Subjects; D018570:Risk Assessment