title: Spiral computed tomography scanning after intravenous infusion cholangiography for biliary duct anomalies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iatrogenic injury of the bile duct during cholecystectomy represents a failure of surgical technique, especially for laparoscopic surgery. Knowledge of the patient's individual ductal anatomy and anomalies preoperatively would be helpful in avoiding such injuries. Therefore, we investigated the anatomy of the biliary duct and any anomalies using spiral computed tomography (SCT) scanning following intravenous infusion cholangiography (IVC-SCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) were attempted on 437 patients at the Kansai Medical University. Preoperative IVC-SCT and laparoscopic cholangiography were attempted in all of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall anomalous union of the cystic duct was seen in 71 (16.2%) out of the 437 patients subjected to IVC-SCT. The following anomalies were observed: right hepatic duct entry in 7 cases (1.6%), parallel low entry in 17 cases (3.9%), posterior spiral entry in 35 cases (8.0%), anterior spiral entry in 7 cases (1.6%), and accessory duct entry in 5 cases (1.1%). The success rate for the LC was 99.5% (435/437). Three patients were switched to open surgery owing to advanced gallbladder cancer and severe adhesions. The success rate for the laparoscopic cholangiography was 97.2% (423 of 435). Intraoperative right hepatic duct injury occurred in only 1 patient with a bile duct anomaly, and it was repaired with laparoscopic T-tube drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative examination of the biliary tract by IVC-SCT was technically simple, less invasive, and may helpful in avoiding damage to the bile duct, especially in patients with biliary duct anomalies.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uetsuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000293:injuries; D002758:Cholangiography; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*