title: Targeting of dobutamine to ischemic myocardium without systemic effects by selective suction and pressure-regulated retroinfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of low-dose dobutamine and/or glyceryl trinitrate in addition to selective suction and pressure-regulated retroinfusion with arterial blood on regional myocardial function of the ischemic myocardium and systemic hemodynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a pig model of repeated brief (90 s) occlusions of the left anterior descending artery, selective suction and pressure-regulated retroinfusion was carried out either with arterial blood alone (SSRalone) or with arterial blood and simultaneous application of low-dose dobutamine (0.1 microgram/kg/min (SSRDOB), glyceryl trinitrate (0.03 mg/kg/min) (SSRNIT) or the combination of both drugs (SSRDOB + NIT). Regional myocardial function of the ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium was determined by sonomicrometry (segment shortening).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Segment shortening in the ischemic area after 90 s of ischemia was preserved at 57.5 +/- 9.2% with SSRalone but at 78.0 +/- 22.3% of baseline with SSRDOB (P < 0.05). The addition of glyceryl trinitrate did not improve regional myocardial function further. No effects of locally applied dobutamine were observed with regard to non-ischemic myocardium or heart rate. Cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressures tended to be further stabilized with SSRDOB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local application of low-dose dobutamine together with arterial blood by selective suction and pressure-regulated retroinfusion during brief myocardial ischemia resulted in improved regional myocardial function without undesired effects on non-ischemic myocardium or systemic hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Degenfeld
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Giehrl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boekstegers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013396:Suction; D013552:Swine; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D005996:Nitroglycerin