title: AU-rich elements target small nuclear RNAs as well as mRNAs for rapid degradation.
abstract: AU-rich elements (AREs, usually containing repeated copies of AUUUA), when present in the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of many mammalian mRNAs, confer instability on their host RNA molecules. The viral small nuclear RNA (snRNA) Herpesvirus saimiri U RNA 1 (HSUR 1) also contains an AUUUA-rich sequence. Here, we report that this ARE induces rapid degradation of HSUR 1 itself and of other snRNAs including HSUR 2 and cellular U1. Mutational analyses of the viral ARE establish that sequence requirements for mRNA and snRNA decay are the same, suggesting a similar mechanism. Moreover, the in vivo degradation activity of mutant AREs correlates with their in vitro binding to the HuR protein, implicated previously as a component of the mRNA degradation machinery. Our results suggest that ARE-mediated instability can be uncoupled from both ongoing translation and deadenylation of the target RNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Steitz
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001483:Base Sequence; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D000067780:ELAV-Like Protein 1; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D006567:Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D000067780:ELAV-Like Protein 1; C098770:ELAVL1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D005914:Globins; D012260:Ribonucleases