title: Chromosome 19 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with multiple sclerosis. Evidence of a new susceptibility locus in Caucasian and Chinese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a genetically complex autoimmune component. However, except for genes in the HLA system, specific susceptibility loci are unknown or unconfirmed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate several loci spanning 3 candidate regions for a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility in 2 ethnic groups using both single-locus and haplotype analyses. The 3 regions include HLA on chromosome 6p21.3, APOE on chromosome 19ql 3.2, and MBP(myelin basic protein) on chromosome 18q23.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control association testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 Caucasian patients with MS and 107 unrelated control individuals from California, and 32 patients and 32 unrelated control individuals from Beijing, China. All patients with MS were diagnosed as having clinically definite disease according to published criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi2 Testing of loci and individual alleles and haplotypes. Haplotype frequencies were estimated with standard maximum likelihood methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HLA effect is due to the class II DR2 haplotype, DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DRB1*0602; contributions to MS susceptibility from additional DRB1-DQB1 alleles or other HLA region loci were not observed. Variation within the MBP locus on chromosome 18q23 showed no effect in MS. The distribution of haplotypes from 5 loci within the chromosome 19q13.2 region, including D19S178, D19S574, APOE, APOC2, and D19S219, differed between patient and control samples. D19S574 showed a significant effect (P=.015) in Caucasian patients with MS due to the increased frequency of a single allele (P=.002). The APOE variation, prominent in other neurological diseases, showed no influence on MS susceptibility, despite its location within the chromosome 19q13.2 region. Interaction effects between DR2 and chromosome 19q13.2 or MBP in MS susceptibility were not apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant chromosome 19q13.2 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with MS in Caucasian and Chinese patient samples indicate an effect from a nearby disease susceptibility locus. These initial observations are an encouraging step toward the description of non-HLA genetic susceptibility to MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3140, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Begovich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: B Q
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klitz
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D015233:Models, Statistical; D005810:Multigene Family; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein