title: S-100 protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
abstract: We evaluated S-100 levels in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples in a group of 135 patients referred to the German Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) surveillance unit from June 1993 to May 1995. The patients were seen in a prospective case control study. The diagnosis of probable CJD during life was made in any patient presenting with rapidly progressive dementia of less than 2 years' duration, typical periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) in the EEG and at least two of the following findings: myoclonus, visual/or cerebellar symptoms, pyramidal and/or extrapyramidal signs and/or akinetic mutism. Patients presenting with the above clinical signs and symptoms but without PSWCs were classified as possible, while those with a dementia of a duration exceeding 2 years and without PSWCs were classified as other. S-100 was determined in paired CSF and serum samples by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In a group of 76 patients with definite and probable CJD, S-100 concentration (median 25 ng/ml, range 2-117) in CSF was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than in 32 patients diagnosed as other (median 4 ng/ml, range 1-19). Serum levels of S-100 were below 0.5 ng/ml in all groups. At a cut-off of 8 ng/ml an optimum sensitivity of 84.2% with a specificity of 90.6% for the diagnosis of CJD by the determination of S-100 in CSF is obtained. S-100 levels exceeding 8 ng/ml in CSF support the diagnosis of CJD in any patient presenting with rapidly progressive dementia.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szudra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zerr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodemer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gefeller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poser
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kretzschmar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins