title: Lack of involvement of retinoic acid receptor alpha in retinoid-induced skin irritation in hairless mice.
abstract: It has been proposed that RAR gamma, the major retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtype in skin, mediates retinoid-induced skin irritation. However, RAR alpha is also found in skin, and its role in retinoid-induced skin irritation has not been tested. In this study, RAR subtype-specific agonists and antagonists were used to test the possible contribution of RAR alpha to retinoid-induced skin irritation. Female hairless mice were treated topically on the dorsal skin for 5 days with various retinoids over a 2-log dose range, and cutaneous toxicity was scored by semiquantitative visual observations of skin flaking and abrasions daily up to 3 days post-treatment. Three RAR alpha-selective agonists were > or = 100-fold less potent as skin irritants than the structurally-related RAR pan-agonist, TTNPB. Skin irritation potency decreased in the following order: TTNPB > > Am580 > AGN 193835 > > 193836 and correlated with RAR beta and/or RAR gamma binding affinity rather than RAR alpha binding affinity. TTNPB-induced skin irritation was blocked in a dose-dependent fashion by co-treatment with the RAR pan-antagonist AGN 193109 but was not blocked by co-treatment with the RAR alpha-specific antagonist AGN 194301. In contrast, skin irritation induced by the RAR alpha-selective agonist AGN 193835 was almost completely blocked by co-treatment with AGN 193644, an RAR beta/gamma-selective antagonist. These data demonstrate that RAR alpha is not significantly involved in mediating retinoid-induced skin irritation in mice and suggest that RAR alpha-selective agonists may have reduced mucocutaneous side effects relative to other retinoids.
authors.affiliation: Retinoid Research, Department of Biology, Allergan, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Standeven
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Chandraratna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D012176:Retinoids / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D012176:Retinoids; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; C000607071:RARA protein, human; C000607072:Rara protein, mouse; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta