title: Assessing bedside cardiologic examination skills using "Harvey," a cardiology patient simulator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cardiovascular physical examination skills of emergency medicine (EM) housestaff and attending physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cohort assessment of EM housestaff and faculty performance on 3 valvular abnormality simulations (mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and aortic regurgitation) conducted on the cardiology patient simulator, "Harvey." Participants examined each of the 3 study disease simulations and proposed a diagnosis (session I). They were then given a cardiac examination form and repeated the programmed simulations (session II). The examination form was used to prompt physicians to interpret 23 separate cardiac findings for each simulation in a multiple-choice format.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six EM housestaff (PGY1-3) and attending physicians were tested over a 2-month study period. Physician responses did not differ significantly among the different levels of postgraduate training. The overall correct response rates for participants were 59% for aortic regurgitation, 48% for mitral regurgitation, and 17% for mitral stenosis. For aortic regurgitation, recognition of a widened pulse pressure and recognition of diastolic decrescendo murmur were associated with a correct diagnosis (p < 0.01). For mitral regurgitation, correct assessment of the contour of the holosystolic murmur predicted a correct diagnosis (p < 0.001). For mitral stenosis, proper characterization of the mitral area diastolic murmur predicted a correct diagnosis (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Housestaff and faculty had difficulty establishing a correct diagnosis for simulations of 3 common valvular heart diseases. However, accurate recognition of a few critical signs was associated with a correct diagnosis in each simulation. Training programs may need to focus attention on selected key components of the cardiovascular examination to facilitate teaching of physical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Butterworth Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. 70602,706@compuserve.com
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Seamon
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004496:Education, Continuing; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D017145:Models, Educational; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States