title: Inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on in vitro and in vivo production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: Nicotinamide, a pellagra-preventive factor, has multiple functions such as inhibition of poly-ADP-ribose synthetase, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, free radical scavenging and suppression of major histocompatibility complex class II expression and ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells. In addition to these, we have found an inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in vitro and in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro TNF-alpha production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was significantly inhibited with more than 1 x 10(-3) mol/l of nicotinamide, while interleukin-1-beta was not inhibited and interleukin-6 was slightly inhibited even with 10(-2) mol/l. Oral administration of nicotinamide with more than 62.5 mg/kg also significantly inhibited LPS-induced serum TNF-alpha production measured by ELISA and bioassay in Balb/c mice. Thus, nicotinamide has an inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha production that may be beneficial to TNF-alpha-mediated diseases.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyaguchi
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009536:Niacinamide