title: Cost of community care for older people.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been no published study that considers actual costs in a representative sample of people aged > or = 65 years. The present study describes the financial costs of formal community services for elderly people with dementia, depression, anxiety disorder or physical disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychiatric morbidity, physical disability and services received were assessed by standardised questionnaire in randomly selected Islington enumeration districts. Subjects were interviewed at home (n = 700).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dementia was the most expensive disorder per sufferer in terms of formal services. Those with depression were also high users of health services. Despite presenting to health services, 90% were not treated with appropriate drugs. In contrast, social services were received by people who were activity-limited or with dementia. The highest service cost for the population as a whole was for the physically disabled. In multivariate analysis the significant predictors of high service costs were living alone, being physically ill, depression, dementia and increasing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failure to detect and treat depression and the anxiety disorders in older people, despite their presentation to medical services, may have major economic consequences as well as contributing to individual suffering.
authors.affiliation: University College London Medical School.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manela
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katona
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D003704:Dementia / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000191:economics*; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male