title: Cardiac catheterisation performed by a clinical nurse specialist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the feasibility and safety of an appropriately trained clinical nurse specialist performing diagnostic cardiac catheterisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomised retrospective comparison between the first 100 and second 100 consecutive investigations by a clinical nurse specialist and 200 consecutive patients investigated by two cardiology registrars over a similar period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional cardiac centre performing 3200 catheterisation procedures per annum.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 patients undergoing routine (non-emergency) cardiac catheterisation for investigation of ischaemic heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedural complications, image quality, fluoroscopy times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satisfactory diagnostic images in all nurse specialist cases with no deaths and two complications (coronary artery dissection and femoral pseudoaneurysm). Procedure duration and fluoroscopy times slightly shorter for clinical nurse specialist by 3 and 1.6 minutes, respectively (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-medical practitioners can be trained to perform straightforward cardiac angiography in low risk patients with consultant supervision, as for cardiology registrars. With important restrictions such posts may have a limited role in supporting future consultant based services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, UK.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Boulton
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ormerod
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gribbin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Forfar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000451:nursing*; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008875:Middle Aged; D009720:Nurse Clinicians; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors