title: Hepatic metastases: percutaneous radio-frequency ablation with cooled-tip electrodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility and safety of using cooled-tip electrodes to increase the volume of coagulation necrosis obtained or reduce the number of treatment sessions necessary with percutaneous tumor radio-frequency (RF) ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with 44 hepatic metastases (1.3-5.1 cm diameter) from colorectal (n = 22), gastric (n = 5), pancreatic (n = 1), or breast (n = 1) carcinoma were treated with RF ablation using cooled-tip, 18-gauge electrodes with 2-3 cm tip exposure. Each tumor was treated in one or two treatment sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success, ablation of all visualized tumor, was achieved in 40 (91%) metastases. Findings at computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed 3-6 months after treatment confirmed complete necrosis of the entire metastasis in 66%. Disease-free survival was 50% at 12 months and 33% at 18 months, with localized progression of disease in 34% of treated lesions. Overall survival was 100%, 94%, and 89% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Only one complication, self-limited hemorrhage, was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of cooled-tip electrodes was a safe and feasible adjunct for tumor RF ablation therapy that produced larger volumes of coagulation necrosis with fewer electrode insertions than is produced with other RF ablation techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ospedale Generale, Busto Arsizio, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solbiati
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ierace
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Livraghi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dellanoce
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sironi
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gazelle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed