title: Colony-stimulating factor-1 plays a major role in the development of reproductive function in male mice.
abstract: Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is the principal regulator of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage that includes monocytes, tissue macrophages, microglia, and osteoclasts. Macrophages are found throughout the reproductive tract of both males and females and have been proposed to act as regulators of fertility at several levels. Mice homozygous for the osteopetrosis mutation (csfm[op]) lack CSF-1 and, consequently, have depleted macrophage numbers. Further analysis has revealed that male csfm(op)/csfm(op) mice have reduced mating ability, low sperm numbers, and 90% lower serum testosterone levels. The present studies show that this low serum testosterone is due to reduced testicular Leydig cell steroidogenesis associated with severe ultrastructural abnormalities characterized by disrupted intracellular membrane structures. In addition, the Leydig cells from csfm(op)/ csfm(op) males have diminished amounts of the steroidogenic enzyme proteins P450 side chain cleavage, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and P450 17alpha-hydroxylase-lyase, with associated reductions in the activity of all these steroidogenic enzymes, as well as in 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The CSF-1-deficient males also have reduced serum LH and disruption of the normal testosterone negative feedback response of the hypothalamus, as demonstrated by the failure to increase LH secretion in castrated males and their lack of response to exogenous testosterone. However, these males are responsive to GnRH and LH treatment. These studies have identified a novel role for CSF-1 in the development and/or regulation of the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pollard
mesh_terms: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000172:deficiency; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000172:deficiency; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000172:deficiency; D005838:Genotype; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000473:pathology; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010022:Osteopetrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C044256:3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase