title: Comparison of cerebral oximeter and evoked potential monitoring in carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cerebral oximeter, which measures regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) continuously and noninvasively, as a cerebral monitor during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The rSO2 was compared with Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) as an indicator for shunting and as a predictor of postoperative neurological deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two consenting patients undergoing CEA with general anaesthesia were studied. Normocarbia, normothermia and normotension were maintained. Cerebral monitoring consisted of bilateral median nerve SSEPs and the INVOS 3100 cerebral oximeter with the sensor pad placed on the ipsilateral forehead. Decreases in SSEP amplitude of 50% and in rSO2 of 10% were considered clinically significant. Neurological assessment was performed at emergence from anaesthesia, 24 hr postoperatively and at discharge. The rSO2 changes were compared with SSEP changes and with neurological deficits. Statistical analysis was with chi square and analysis of variance P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During carotid artery clamping, rSO2 decreased from 72 +/- 8% to 68 +/- 9% and mean arterial blood pressure increased from 92 +/- 14 mmHg to 98 +/- 14 mmHg. In four patients, the carotid artery was shunted because of SSEP changes after cross-clamping. Five patients had > or = 10% decreases in rSO2 following clamp application. Changes in both SSEP and rSO2 occurred in two patients. Three of the four shunted patients had transient postoperative neurological deficits. One patients had a transient deficit without changes in either monitor. There were no persistent postoperative deficits. Compared with SSEPs, rSO2 had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 96%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical experience with this evolving technology is ongoing. Its role in neurovascular procedures has yet to be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto Hospital, Ontario.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kearns
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide