title: Antibacterial efflux systems.
abstract: Drug efflux, unidirectional pumping of cytotoxic drugs, is a major mechanism of antimicrobial multiresistance in bacteria. Although these efflux systems are usually chromosomally encoded, some are present on plasmids. Some of the efflux pumps are relatively well known: Emr and Acr system in Escherichia coli, whose outer membrane protein seems to be the multifunctional To1C; the mex efflux system described in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ABC-type in Gram-negative bacteria. Also the role of efflux in Gram-positive bacteria are reviewed including Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Streptomyces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Piddock
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005810:Multigene Family; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011815:R Factors / Q000235:genetics; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins