title: Superinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 can reactivate virus production in baboons but is contained by a CD8 T cell antiviral response.
abstract: An animal model was used to assess whether resistance to superinfection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can exist in vivo. Asymptomatic baboons (Papio cynocephalus), previously infected with HIV-2, were first challenged with homologous virus (HIV-2UC2 or HIV-2UC14) and later with heterologous virus (HIV-2UC12). After both virus inoculations, either resistance to viral infection or a transient viremia was observed. The original virus was recovered in 3 baboons, suggesting that reactivation of a latent infection occurred on heterologous challenge and that HIV-2 superinfection is blocked by processes established during prior infection. Antibody titers measured by ELISA and virus neutralization remained at low levels. However, suppression of HIV-1 replication was observed with CD8 T cells and filtered cell culture supernatants. The soluble factor involved was not a beta-chemokine. This resistance to HIV superinfection appears to be mediated at least in part by CD8 T cells that suppress virus production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-1270, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Locher
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Blackbourn
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyes-Terán
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brasky
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000821:virology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D007110:Immunity, Active; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010215:Papio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015163:Superinfection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies