title: Determinants of risk of spontaneous abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy.
abstract: Several factors, such as socioeconomic status, obstetrical and menstrual history, and contraceptive methods, have been associated with risk of spontaneous abortion. We conducted a hospital case-control study to analyze risk factors for spontaneous abortion during the first trimester. Cases were 782 women admitted for spontaneous abortion. Controls included 1,543 women who gave birth at term in the same hospitals. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for spontaneous abortion were 0.9 and 0.6, respectively, for women reporting 7-11 and > or = 12 years of schooling, compared with women reporting < 7 years of education. A history of pelvic inflammatory disease increased the odds ratio fivefold [OR = 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-26.2]. The OR for spontaneous abortion was 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4-2.1) in women reporting previous spontaneous abortions.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatenoud
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dal Pino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fedele
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012307:Risk Factors