title: Propofol in patients needing long-term sedation in intensive care: an assessment of the development of tolerance. A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible development of tolerance in patients sedated with propofol in intensive care for more than 5 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open within patient non-comparative pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intensive care unit of a hospital in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients who were expected to need sedation with propofol for more than 5 days were included; of these, 11 were sedated continuously for between 5 and 10 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Propofol was infused continuously at about 0.5-4 mg/kg per h to provide sedation at level 3 on the Ramsay scale (drowsy or asleep, responds easily to commands). Alfentanil was infused at a rate of about 0.5 microgram/kg per min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a statistically significant increase in both infusion rate and blood concentration were considered to show tolerance, those that required an increasing infusion rate and constant (or decreasing) blood concentration were said to show increased clearance, and those that required constant (or decreasing) infusion rates and blood concentrations were classed as showing no tolerance. Of the 11 patients who were sedated for more than 5 days, three showed tolerance and three showed increased clearance while five showed no tolerance. The desired sedation level was achieved for the majority of the time for patients sedated between 5 and 10 days (mean 73-90%). There was some suggestion of a relationship between improving health (decreasing APACHE II scores) and the need for increased infusions of propofol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were insufficient data to reach firm conclusions, the possibility of some relationship between the increasing need for propofol and improving condition in patients needing longer term intensive care cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Scarborough Hospital, North Yorkshire, UK.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003422:Critical Care; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol