title: Quality of life for children with otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in health-related quality of life for children with otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study using a 6-item quality-of-life survey (OM-6) representing the domains of physical suffering, hearing loss, speech impairment, emotional distress, activity limitations, and caregiver concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital-based pediatric otolaryngology practice in a metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-six children aged 6 months to 12 years (median age, 3.4 years) with chronic otitis media with effusion or recurrent acute otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  The OM-6 was completed at entry by the child's caregiver and again at least 4 weeks after routine clinical care. Otoscopic findings, static admittance, tympanometric width, audiometric thresholds, and ear-related global quality of life (10-point visual scale) were recorded concurrently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness to longitudinal change of the OM-6 survey score (mean value of the 6 items).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excellent test-retest reliability was obtained for the survey score (R=0.87) and individual survey items (R> or =0.71). The median survey score was 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 2.7-3.0) of a maximum 7.0, with higher values indicating poorer quality of life. Construct validity was shown by significant correlations between the survey score and global ear-related quality of life (R=-0.64), between physical suffering and physician visits in the past month (R=0.47), and between caregiver concerns and antibiotics consumed in the past month (R=0.26). The mean change in survey scores after tympanostomy tubes was 1.7, with a standardized response mean of 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.0), indicating large responsiveness to change. The change score was reliable (R=0.82) and correlated well with the degree of reported clinical change (R=0.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OM-6 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of quality of life for children with otitis media. The brevity and ease of administration make the OM-6 ideal for use in outcomes studies, clinical trials, and routine clinical care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, and Long Island College Hospital, 11201, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tetlus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balzano
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires