title: The effect of epidural saline injection on analgesic level during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia assessed clinically and myelographically.
abstract: An epidural injection of physiological saline solution after spinal anesthesia may produce a higher level of analgesia than spinal anesthesia alone because of a volume effect. The purpose of this study was to clarify the volume effect caused by epidural injection of saline after spinal anesthesia. Twenty patients undergoing combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for elective surgery whose analgesic levels did not reach the surgical regions 10 min after spinal anesthesia at the L4-5 interspace were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (n = 10) received no epidural saline injection. The saline group (n = 10) received 10 mL of saline through an epidural catheter at the L2-3 or L3-4 interspace 10 min after spinal anesthesia. In the saline group, the levels of analgesia 15 and 20 min after spinal anesthesia were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Next, we examined the volume effect of epidural injection of saline with myelography using two adult volunteers. In both volunteers, the upper level of the contrast medium, which was injected in the lumbar subarachnoid space, began to increase concurrently with lumbar epidural injection of saline, reaching from L3 to L1 and from L2 to T12. The diameter of the subarachnoid space diminished to less than 25% after injection of saline. We conclude that lumbar epidural injection of saline increases the analgesic level 10 min after spinal anesthesia, probably because of a volume effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, using surgical patients and volunteers, we determined that a lumbar epidural injection of physiological saline solution 10 min after spinal anesthesia produces a higher analgesic level than spinal anesthesia alone because of a volume effect.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009192:Myelography; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013346:Subarachnoid Space
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride