title: Enhancement of nitric oxide production after arterial reconstruction in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitric oxide (NO) not only relaxes vascular smooth muscles, but it also reduces platelet adhesion and is itself a potent antiaggregatory substance. Experimental studies have shown that the release of NO is modulated by the blood flow. However, little clinical information is available about the effects of hemodynamic changes after arterial reconstruction on NO production. We therefore examined whether the plasma levels of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) ions increased after arterial reconstruction in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery in seven patients who underwent arterial reconstruction and seven healthy individuals (control). NO2- and NO3- levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography before the operation and 1 hour and 14 days after the operation. In addition, the mean femoral artery blood flow and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) were also measured using a duplex and Doppler velocimeter both before and after the operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control subjects, the mean plasma NO2-, NO3-, and NOx (NO2- plus NO3-) levels in the femoral artery were 0.37 +/- 0.15 mumol/L, 45.6 +/- 10.8 mumol/L, and 46.0 +/- 10.9 mumol/L, respectively. Before the operation in the patients with ASO, the mean plasma NO3- (23.8 +/- 2.2 mumol/L) and NOx levels (24.0 +/- 2.3 mumol/L) were significantly lower than those in the control subjects, whereas the plasma NO2- levels (0.27 +/- 0.04 mumol/L) were comparable between the two groups. At 14 days after operation, the mean plasma NO3- and NOx levels in the femoral artery were significantly increased to 42.8 +/- 5.6 mumol/L and 43.4 +/- 5.6 mumol/L compared with those before the operation, whereas the mean plasma NO2- levels (0.50 +/- 0.05 mumol/L) changed significantly. The mean ABI and the mean flow rate before the operation were 0.32 +/- 0.07 and 344 +/- 145 ml/min, respectively. Both the ABI and the mean flow rate significantly increased to 1.04 +/- 0.06 and 627 +/- 141 ml/min after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who have ASO, the mean plasma level of NO is significantly lower than that of healthy individuals. In patients with ASO, the mean blood flow increased significantly after arterial reconstruction. This hemodynamic improvement may thus enhance NO production and may also help to maintain the patency of the bypass graft or native artery.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonemitsu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001162:Arteriosclerosis Obliterans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide