title: Boys with Asperger's disorder, exceptional verbal intelligence, tics, and clumsiness.
abstract: Five boys with both Asperger's disorder and Tourette syndrome, exceptional verbal intelligence, and clumsiness are reported. Each presented at early elementary school age with a prominent complaint of social difficulties with peers. History was notable for a flapping stereotypy and the neurological examination revealed motor and/or vocal tics and numerous motor soft signs. Highly specialized interests were characteristics. Language prosody and/or pragmatics was impaired. Despite exceptional verbal intelligence, the children were not, according to their teachers and parents, faring well either socially or academically. Motor difficulties, manifested psychometrically as a significant performance IQ disadvantage, interfered with school performance and social adjustment. Tics, although not noted by parents in the clinical history, compounded their social difficulties. Asperger's disorder in these highly verbal children overlaps with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) on account of the socioemotional difficulties and stereotypies seen in both. Asperger's disorder and Tourette syndrome overlap in these children on account of the tics. Finally, Asperger's disorder and the right-hemisphere-based learning disorders overlap on account of the visuoperceptual and attentional deficits that can occur in both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nass
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gutman
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007806:Language Disorders; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019956:Stereotypic Movement Disorder; D013577:Syndrome; D005879:Tourette Syndrome