title: Daily rhythms in a complex operant: targeted percentile shaping of run lengths in rats.
abstract: Daily rhythms in response output and accuracy were examined when reinforcement for a complex operant was uncoupled from accuracy of performance. Rats housed in operant conditioning chambers earned their daily ration of food under a targeted percentile procedure for responding on two levers. The targeted pattern was a series of consecutive responses on the left lever (a "run"), followed by a single response on the right lever. The targeted run length was either "O" (i.e., undefined, under the nondifferential baseline), 6, 12 or 24. Under baseline, a random third of all trials ended in pellet delivery; under the percentile conditions, trials with runs closer to the target than two-thirds of the runs from the most recent 24 trials ended in pellet delivery. This contingency shaped run lengths while ensuring that approximately one-third of all trials produced pellets. Responding tracked the target value well, with mean obtained run lengths equal to 90% of the target or better. Daily rhythms were clearly evident in measures of overall output, with subjects responding primarily 3-7 h into the dark period. The only substantial light-period responding observed in all subjects occurred during the 2 h after noon, when the chambers were serviced. No systematic variation in this pattern was observed as a function of target. Run length was much less variable across the daily cycle than was response output, with only a suggestion under the longest target that response accuracy was lower during periods removed from the period of peak activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobehavioral Assessment, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA. Dr. Gregory Galbicka@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galbicka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smurthwaite
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012420:Running