title: Scoliosis induced by asymmetric lordosis and rotation: an experimental study.
abstract: METHODS
  An experimental study of the influence of intrinsic muscle imbalance on the spinal column of a growing rabbit.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To create an in vivo experimental model of scoliosis for comparison with human scoliosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that asymmetric lordosis may produce scoliosis and that there is muscle imbalance in scoliotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical tethering of the spinous apophysis and transverse apophysis of rabbits was performed at three upper levels on the same side of the spine to simulate dominance of one side of the paravertebral musculature over the other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals exhibited scoliosis that was convex toward the side opposite that receiving surgery. Radiography showed the curve to increase with time. Postmortem examination of vertebrae revealed structural alterations similar to those produced in human scoliosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrinsic muscle imbalance in the spinal column of the experimental growing animal may produce scoliosis with characteristics similar to those of human idiopathic scoliosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carpintero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpintero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008141:Lordosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D012399:Rotation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013131:Spine / Q000503:physiopathology