title: Demographics of alpine skiing and snowboarding injury: lessons for prevention programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the demographics of ski injury in relation to age, gender, and perceived cause during a representative season to identify potential injury prevention strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blackcomb Mountain, a world class ski resort in British Columbia, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from the lift ticket records and from ski patrol injury reports for one season, November to May 1991-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 720,066 skier and snowboarder day visits counted by the mountain's lift ticket records, with a total of 2,092 injury reports (incidence 2.91 per 1,000 day visits). Of those with significant injuries (those requiring physician care), 1,210 (58%) were male. The highest injury rate was among children (age 7-12) and teens (age 13-17) with incidences of 3.18 and 3.34 significant injuries per 1,000 skier days, respectively. Head and face injuries constituted 17% and 22% of injuries, respectively in these groups. Overall 22% of head and face injuries were severe enough to cause loss of consciousness or clinical signs of concussion. This was the body region injured most frequently in males. For females over 7 years of age, the knee was the most common site of injury. For youths, the incidence of injuries during school organized activities was 25% higher than during other outings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vulnerability of school group participants suggests special education is warranted. The high incidence of head injuries, particularly among young males, needs to be addressed. In light of the high proportion of this group who already wear helmets, the role of helmets in both protection and possible causation of head injury needs objective research.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Macnab
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cadman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*