title: The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics.
abstract: The antimicrobial activity of synthetic, non-chemotherapeutic compounds, such as the phenothiazine, methylene blue, has been known since the time of Ehrlich (1854-1915). In this context the term 'non-antibiotics' is taken to include a variety of compounds which are employed in the management of pathological conditions of a non-infectious aetiology, but which modify cell permeability and have been shown to exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial properties of compounds such as phenothiazines, as well as those of other neurotropic compounds, have only been investigated sporadically, and their application to management of microbial infections has not been evaluated. A review of the literature, coupled with a number of more recent investigations, suggests that some of these and other membrane-active compounds enhance the activity of conventional antibiotics, eliminate natural resistance to specific antibiotics (reversal of resistance) and exhibit strong activity against multi-drug resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus non-antibiotics may have a significant role in the management of certain bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sønderborg Sygehus, County of Sønderjylland, Denmark.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007769:Lactams; D010640:Phenothiazines; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007769:Lactams; D010640:Phenothiazines