title: Effect of antidepressant therapy on health care utilization and costs in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Four groups of patients receiving different antidepressant drugs in a primary care setting were compared in terms of duration of antidepressant therapy and health and mental health care utilization and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of the medical and pharmacy claims of an employed population and their families was conducted. A total of 1,242 patients with a diagnosis of depression were included in the analyses. The four antidepressant cohorts were fluoxetine (N = 799), trazodone (N = 89), the tricyclics amitriptyline and imipramine (N = 104), and the secondary amine tricyclics desipramine and nortriptyline (N = 250). The primary outcome measures were total health care charges, total charges for mental health services, and the pattern of antidepressant use. Secondary measures included charges for outpatient care and pharmacy and the number of outpatient visits. Data analysis involved use of two-stage multivariate regression modeling known as sample selection models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients taking fluoxetine achieved higher rates of continuous use for at least six months compared with those taking the other drugs. After selection bias due to observed and unobserved characteristics and other confounding variables was adjusted for, no significant differences were found between drug cohorts in total medical charges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in the process of care at no apparent increase in total charges appear possible through appropriate medication therapy.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Croghan
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lair
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Engelhart
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Crown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Copley-Merriman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Melfi
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Obenchain
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Buesching
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005251:Fees, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014196:Trazodone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D005473:Fluoxetine; D014196:Trazodone