title: Effect of chronic cocaine exposure on the hemodynamic response to vasopressors in sheep.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine how chronic cocaine exposure affects the hemodynamic response to epinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine, and ephedrine in awake sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hemodynamic response to dopamine (10 microg/kg), phenylephrine (1.5 microg/kg), and ephedrine (0.15 mg/kg) boluses was determined at baseline before low-dosage cocaine exposure and again after 15 and 18 days of cocaine exposure. The hemodynamic response to epinephrine (0.15 microg/kg), phenylephrine (1.5 microg/kg), and ephedrine (0.15 mg/kg) was determined at baseline before high-dosage cocaine exposure and again after 15 and 18 days of cocaine exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic cocaine exposure abolished the mean arterial pressure and heart rate responses to dopamine but did not alter the responses to epinephrine, phenylephrine, or ephedrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In awake sheep, chronic cocaine exposure markedly impairs the hemodynamic response to dopamine but not to epinephrine, phenylephrine, or ephedrine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6540, USA. chrisb@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bernards
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D004809:Ephedrine; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine