title: HRX leukemic fusion proteins form a heterocomplex with the leukemia-associated protein SET and protein phosphatase 2A.
abstract: One of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia is a reciprocal translocation involving the HRX gene at chromosome locus 11q23, resulting in HRX fusion proteins. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro binding studies, and human cell culture coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we show here that a region of the HRX protein that is consistently retained in HRX leukemic fusion proteins interacts directly with SET, another protein implicated in leukemia. We have identified the binding sites on HRX for SET and show that these sequences are clustered near the A.T hooks that have been shown to bind DNA. We also show that carboxyl-terminal SET sequences, possibly the acidic tail of SET, bind to HRX. We have also found serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase activity in anti-HRX coimmunoprecipitates. Using the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid and Western blotting, the phosphatase was identified as protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Mutation of a single amino acid in one of the SET binding sites of HRX resulted in lower amounts of both coimmunoprecipitated SET protein and coimmunoprecipitated PP2A. These results suggest that the leukemogenic effects of HRX fusion proteins may be related to interactions with SET and PP2A.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA. hadler@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Nallaseth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tkachuk
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D056488:Histone Chaperones; C497422:KMT2A protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C513473:SET protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2