title: 2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.
abstract: Ten previously unreported 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors were synthesized as potential inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. Pivaloylation of 2,4-diamino-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine followed by dibromination with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of benzoyl peroxide gave 2,4-bis(pivaloylamino)-6-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid ine, which after condensation with substituted anilines or N-methylanilines and deprotection with base yielded 2,4-diamino-6-bromo-5-[(substituted anilino)methyl]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Removal of the 6-bromo substituent was accomplished with sodium borohydride and palladium chloride. The reaction yields were generally good to excellent. The products were tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from P. carinii, T. gondii, and rat liver. Although the IC50 could not be reached for the 6-unsubstituted compounds because of their extremely poor solubility, three of the five 6-bromo derivatives were soluble enough to allow the IC50 to be determined against all three enzymes. 2,4-Diamino-5-[3,5-dichloro-4-(1-pyrrolo)anilino]methyl]- 6-bromothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine was the most active of the 6-bromo derivatives, with an IC50 of 7.5 microM against P. carinii DHFR, but showed no selectivity for either P. carinii or T. gondii DHFR relative to the enzyme from rat liver.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosowsky
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Papoulis
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Queener
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000201:enzymology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: C109178:2,4-diamino-5-((3,5-dichloro-4-(1-pyrrolo)anilino)methyl)-6-bromothieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013876:Thiophenes; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase