title: Heuristic models of comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders.
abstract: The mechanisms responsible for the co-occurrence of personality disorders with Axis I disorders are not well understood. We propose a number of models that include various relationships at the etiological, pathophysiological, and observable clinical levels between personality disorders and Axis I disorders. It is recommended that such models be subjected to empirical tests to assess their validity.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Dept., Boston University, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tyrer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results