title: Drug-related problems in elderly patients admitted to Tayside hospitals, methods for prevention and subsequent reassessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  although drug-related problems (DRPs) are known to be prevalent in elderly patients, the literature on prevention of iatrogenic disease is sparse. The present study addresses this requirement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to assess the incidence of DRPs in elderly patients admitted to Tayside hospitals before (phase I) and after (phase II) implementation of preventive strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  all elderly people admitted to hospital were screened by a pharmacist; individual case reviews were prepared for all those with a potential DRP and reviewed by a three-member panel which made a final decision on the presence of a DRP and its contribution to admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  all hospital wards admitting elderly patients in the Tayside region of Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  1011 elderly patient admissions over a 9-month period (phase I); 857 elderly patient admissions over an 8-month period (phase II).
  
  
  METHODS
  incidence of DRPs before and after targeted intervention strategies (information bulletin for general practitioners, patient information leaflet, oral presentation to trainee general practitioners).
  
  
  RESULTS
  in phase I, the incidence of DRPs was 144/1011 (14.2%), with 54/1011 (5.3%) of the admissions identified as being definitely or probably drug-related. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the main drug group involved, being responsible for 15/54 (28%) of admissions primarily due to a DRP. Over 66% of admissions due to adverse effects of NSAIDs were considered to be definitely preventable. In phase II, after targeted intervention strategies, there was no significant reduction in total incidence of DRPs or incidence of DRPs related to NSAIDs. However, there appeared to be an improvement in the first 4 months, and a significant drop in NSAID prescribing in Tayside compared with the rest of Scotland was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRPs remain a significant problem in elderly patients and NSAIDs are the major contributor. The intervention strategies used in the study were not demonstrably effective, but a continuous programme of education may be necessary to limit NSAID use.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McMurdo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal