title: Major vascular injuries during gynecologic laparoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to report our experience with major vascular injuries in gynecologic laparoscopy in order to specify the circumstances under which they occurred, the means of diagnosis, the risk factors, and the means for prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients with 21 major vascular injuries were identified. The average age of the patients was 33.8 +/- 11.6 years, and the mean body index mass was 21.6 +/- 3.08 kg/m2. Three of four of the accidents occurred during the set-up phase of laparoscopy (13 cases; 76.5%), and in 4 cases (23.5%) the accident occurred during the laparoscopic surgery procedure. Eleven (84.6%) of the complications occurring during the set-up phase were secondary to insertion of the umbilical trocar and 2 (15.4%) to insertion of the needle used to create the pneumoperitoneum (P-needle). Half (6 cases; 54.5%) of the major vascular injuries secondary to insertion of the umbilical trocar were observed when reusable trocars were used. In every case, the diagnosis was made during the operation. Two patients died, and two others presented a serious complication (phlebitis; acute ischemia requiring reoperation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major vascular injuries are rare but serious complications of laparoscopic surgery. Prevention of these accidents relies on the surgeon's experience and scrupulous respect of the safety rules. In the vast majority of cases, it is necessary to convert to laparotomy immediately, calling in a vascular surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clinique Universitaire Baudelocque, C.H.U. Cochin Port-Royal, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chapron
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Querleu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lansac
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dubuisson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies