title: Cross-clade human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected Zambians.
abstract: We have examined cross-clade HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood of eight Zambian individuals infected with non-B-clade human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Heteroduplex mobility assay and partial sequence analysis of env and gag genes strongly suggests that all the HIV-infected subjects were infected with clade C HIV-1. Six of eight C-clade HIV-infected individuals elicited CTL activity specific for recombinant vaccinia virus-infected autologous targets expressing HIV gag-pol-env derived from B-clade HIV-1 (IIIB). Recognition of individual recombinant HIV-1 B-clade vaccinia virus-infected targets expressing gag, pol, or env was variable among the patients tested, indicating that cross-clade CTL activity is not limited to a single HIV protein. These data demonstrate that HIV clade C-infected individuals can mount vigorous HIV clade B-reactive CTL responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7290, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krowka
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balsamo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulundu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: N'Gandu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frelinger
mesh_terms: D003429:Cross Reactions; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D010802:Phylogeny; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States; D015024:Zambia
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015488:HIV Antigens