title: Novel mutants define genes required for the expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DM: evidence for loci on human chromosome 6p.
abstract: We and others have shown that the products of the HLA-DM locus are required for the intracellular assembly of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules with cognate peptides for antigen presentation. HLA-DM heterodimers mediate the dissociation of invariant chain (Ii)-derived class II-associated Ii peptides (CLIP) from class II molecules and facilitate the loading of class II molecules with antigenic peptides. Here we describe novel APC mutants with defects in the formation of class II-peptide complexes. These mutants express class II molecules which are conformationally altered, and an aberrantly high percentage of these class II molecules are associated with Ii-derived CLIP. This phenotype resembles that of DM null mutants. However, we show that the defects in two of these new mutants do not map to the DM locus. Nevertheless, our evidence suggests that the antigen processing defective phenotype in these mutants results from deficient DM expression. These mutants thus appear to define genes in which mutations have differential effects on the expression of conventional class II molecules and DM molecules. Our data are most consistent with these factors mapping to human chromosome 6p. Previous data have suggested that the expression of DM and class II genes are coordinately regulated. The results reported here suggest that DM and class II can also be differentially regulated, and that this differential regulation has significant effects on class II-restricted antigen processing.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rak
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Muczynski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pious
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000276:immunology*; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II / Q000276:immunology; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; C416189:H2-M antigens; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; C084245:HLA-DM antigens; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C045084:invariant chain; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate