title: A technique for accurate planning of stereotactic brain implants prior to head ring fixation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A two-step procedure is described for accurate planning of stereotactic brain implants prior to head-ring fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 2 weeks prior to implant a CT scan without the head ring is performed for treatment-planning purposes. An entry point and a reference point, both marked with barium and later tattooed, facilitate planning and permit correlation of the images with a later CT scan. A plan is generated using a conventional treatment-planning system to determine the number and activity of I-125 seeds required and the position of each catheter. I-125 seed anisotropy is taken into account by means of a modification to the treatment planning program. On the day of the implant a second CT scan is performed with the head ring affixed to the skull and with the same points marked as in the previous scan. The planned catheter coordinates are then mapped into the coordinate system of the second CT scan by means of a manual translational correction and a computer-calculated rotational correction derived from the reference point coordinates in the two scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rotational correction algorithm was verified experimentally in a Rando phantom before it was used clinically. For analysis of the results with individual patients a third CT scan is performed 1 day following the implant and is used for calculating the final dosimetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique that is described has two important advantages: 1) the number and activity of seeds required can be accurately determined in advance; and 2) sufficient time is allowed to derive the best possible plan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ulin
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wazer
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed