Glycaemic control and in vivo non-oxidative Maillard reaction: urinary excretion of pyrraline in diabetes patients.
The presence of pyrraline in human urine has recently been described. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we measured urinary pyrraline in 45 insulin-treated diabetic patients with preserved renal function and in 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The relationship between urinary pyrraline and metabolic control parameters in the diabetic population (glycaemia, fructosamine, haemoglobin A1c, and 1-year mean haemoglobin A1c) was evaluated. The mean urinary level of pyrraline in diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 9.5%) was higher than that in healthy subjects (1.12 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.2 mumol mmol-1 creatinine, P < 0.04), whereas in patients with good to moderate glycaemic control (HbA1c < 9.5) it was slightly but not significantly higher than in healthy subjects (0.80 +/- 0.3 mumol mmol-1 creatinine vs. 0.75 +/- 0.2 mumol mmol-1 creatinine). There is a significant correlation between urinary pyrraline level and glycaemia (P < 0.008), haemoglobin A1c (P < 0.01) and 1-year mean haemoglobin A1c values (P < 0.007), but not with fructosamine. The results of the present work prove, for the first time, that glycaemic status influences circulating levels of advanced Maillard reaction products.
Portero-Otín
M
M
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Spain.
Pamplona
R
R
Bellmunt
M J
MJ
Bergua
M
M
Prat
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009646:Norleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000652:urine*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009646:Norleucine; D011758:Pyrroles; D014508:Urea; C059571:2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine