title: Regulation of glucose transporter GLUT-4 and hexokinase II gene transcription by insulin and epinephrine.
abstract: Transport of glucose across the plasma membrane by GLUT-4 and subsequent phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase II (HKII) constitute the first two steps of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. This study was undertaken to determine whether epinephrine and/or insulin regulates in vivo GLUT-4 and HKII gene transcription in rat skeletal muscle. In the first experiment, adrenodemedullated male rats were fasted 24 h and killed in the control condition or after being infused for 1.5 h with epinephrine (30 microg/ml at 1.68 ml/h). In the second experiment, male rats were fasted 24 h and killed after being infused for 2.5 h at 1.68 ml/h with saline or glucose (625 mg/ml) or insulin (39.9 microg/ml) plus glucose (625 mg/ml). Nuclei were isolated from pooled quadriceps, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles. Transcriptional run-on analysis indicated that epinephrine infusion decreased GLUT-4 and increased HKII transcription compared with fasted controls. Both glucose and insulin plus glucose infusion induced increases in GLUT-4 and HKII transcription of twofold and three- to fourfold, respectively, compared with saline-infused rats. In conclusion, epinephrine and insulin may regulate GLUT-4 and HKII genes at the level of transcription in rat skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dohm
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000502:physiology; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006593:Hexokinase; D005947:Glucose; D004837:Epinephrine