title: S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase concentrations in blood as indicators of infarction volume and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Better techniques are needed to monitor infarction volume and predict neurological outcome after ischemic brain infarction. We evaluated the usefulness of serial measurements of S-100 protein versus neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood samples from patients with acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using nonisotopic sandwich immunoassays, we measured plasma concentrations of S-100 protein and NSE on admission and on days 3, 4, 7, and 14 after infarction in 44 patients (age range, 22 to 86 years; mean age, 65.1 years; 12 female, 32 male). Infarct volume was measured by volumetric CT on day 4 after ictus, and clinical outcome was assessed at discharge from hospital with the Activities of Daily Living Scale and 6 months after infarction with the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak blood levels of S-100 protein were found on day 2.5 +/- 1.3, and peak levels of NSE were found on day 1.9 +/- 0.8 after infarction. Peak plasma levels of S-100 protein correlated well with infarct volume (r = .75, P < .001) and with clinical outcome assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (r = .51, P < .001). Serum levels of NSE correlated with infarct volume (r = .37, P < .05) but not with clinical outcome (r = .18, P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study indicate that measuring blood concentrations of S-100 protein periodically in the first 10 days after cerebral infarction helps to predict infarct volume and the long-term neurological outcome more accurately than periodic measurements of blood concentrations of NSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. missler@ikra.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Missler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaps
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011379:Prognosis; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase