title: Phosphorylation of erythropoietin receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum by pervanadate-mediated inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases.
abstract: Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major hormone regulating the proliferation of erythroid precursors and their differentiation into erythrocytes. Ligand binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R), a member of the cytokine receptor family, triggers Tyr phosphorylation of the surface form of the receptor, presumably mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK) 2. To study whether non-surface EPO-R can be phosphorylated, Ba/F3 cells stably transfected with EPO-R were treated with pervanadate (PV), which is widely used as a potent tool to inhibit cellular protein Tyr phosphatases, thus resulting in enhanced Tyr phosphorylation of cellular proteins. PV treatment caused the EPO-R to undergo Tyr phosphorylation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. PV-mediated Tyr phosphorylation of EPO-R occurred at several intracellular sites including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), because both endoglycosidase H (endo H)-resistant EPO-R and the ER-retained EPO-R mutant (DeltaWS1 EPO-R) were Tyr phosphorylated in response to PV. Moreover, in metabolic labelling experiments, endo H-sensitive EPO-R was also phosphorylated. The phosphorylated fraction accounted for only 30-50% of the newly synthesized EPO-R, the fraction that normally exits from the ER. Tyr phosphorylation could not be detected on proteolytic fragments of the EPO-R, suggesting that this is a highly regulated process. Unlike the wild-type (wt) EPO-R, which was phosphorylated both on EPO binding and after inhibition of Tyr phosphatases by PV treatment, an EPO-R mutant (W282R EPO-R) that does not activate JAK2 was phosphorylated after PV treatment but not by EPO binding. Both EPO-R and JAK2 were phosphorylated with similar kinetics by PV treatment, suggesting that JAK2, as well as protein Tyr kinases different from JAK2, might mediate PV-dependent EPO-R phosphorylation. Furthermore the Tyr-phosphorylated ER-retained EPO-R mutant DeltaWS1 co-immunoprecipitated with JAK2 kinase, indicating that the EPO-R might interact with JAK2 while in the ER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altaratz
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zick
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klingmüller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005333:Fetus; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D017038:Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C076715:pervanadate; D014638:Vanadates; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D006596:Hexosaminidases; D017038:Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase