title: Suitability of cerebrospinal fluid as a signal-intensity reference on MRI: evaluation of signal-intensity variations in the lumbosacral dural sac.
abstract: The suitability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lumbosacral dural sac as an internal signal-intensity reference was studied on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine using a surface coil and motion artefact suppression technique. A signal-intensity reference is needed when signal is compared between images, studies or subjects. Homogeneity of the CSF was estimated visually on T2-weighted images of 60 subjects at 1.5 T and of another 60 subjects at 0.1 T. Spines with a severely narrowed dural sac or marked scoliosis were excluded from the study to avoid partial volume effect. CSF was homogeneous in 82% and 73% of the examinations at 1.5 T and 0.1 T, respectively. The type and location of the local inhomogeneities did not relate to local narrowings of the dural sac. The signal intensity of CSF was measured in 108 examinations at 0.1 T after correcting the spatially-dependent signal-intensity non-uniformities with a phantom-based method. The signal-intensity difference between the CSF in the upper and lower lumbar dural sac was less than 10% in 73% of the examinations. The CSF in the lumbosacral dural sac can be a useful signal-intensity reference for estimation of the signal of the adjacent structures in patients without severe narrowing of the dural sac or marked scoliosis. It may contribute to assessing spinal disease processes.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Luoma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raininko
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nummi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luukkonen
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Riihimäki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D012447:Sacrum / Q000473:pathology*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000473:pathology