title: Ca2+-activated K+ currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons induced by experimental ischemia, anoxia, and hypoglycemia.
abstract: Ca2+-activated K+ currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons induced by experimental ischemia, anoxia, and hypoglycemia. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2674-2681, 1997. The effects of metabolic inhibition on membrane currents and N-methyl--aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced currents were investigated in dissociated rat locus coeruleus (LC) neurons by using the nystatin perforated patch recording mode under voltage-clamp conditions. Changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) during the metabolic inhibition were also investigated by using the microfluometry with a fluorescent probe, Indo-1. Removal of both the oxygen and glucose (experimental ischemia), deprivation of glucose (hypoglycemia), and a blockade of electron transport by sodium cyanide (NaCN) or a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential with carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone(FCCP) as experimental anoxia all induced a slowly developing outward current (IOUT) at a holding potential of -40 mV. The application of 10(-4) M NMDA induced a rapid transient peak and a successive steady state inward current and a transient outward current immediately after washout. All treatments related to metabolic inhibition increased the NMDA-induced outward current(INMDA-OUT) and prolonged the one-half recovery time of INMDA-OUT. The reversal potentials of both IOUT and INMDA-OUT were close to the K+ equilibrium potential (EK) of -82 mV. Either charybdotoxin or tolbutamide inhibited the IOUT and INMDA-OUT, suggesting the contribution of Ca2+-activated and ATP-sensitive K+ channels, even though the inhibitory effect of tolbutamide gradually diminished with time. Under the metabolic inhibition, the basal level of [Ca2+]i was increased and the one-half recovery time of the NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was prolonged. The IOUT induced by NaCN was inhibited by a continuous treatment of thapsigargin but not by ryanodine, indicating the involvement of inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) store. These findings suggest that energy deficiency causes Ca2+ release from the IICR store and activates continuous Ca2+-activated K+ channels and transient ATP-sensitive K+ channels in acutely dissociated rat LC neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-82, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akaike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010313:Partial Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D012433:Ryanodine; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D019284:Thapsigargin; D014044:Tolbutamide; D005947:Glucose; D012966:Sodium Cyanide; D010100:Oxygen; D005905:Glyburide; D002118:Calcium