title: Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) paraplegia who participated in an electrical stimulation walking program experienced changes in measures of physical self-concept and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-after trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human SCI applied research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of 12 men and 3 women with SCI paraplegia, mean age 28.75 +/- 6.6yrs and mean duration of injury 3.8 +/- 3.2yrs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two FNS ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep 1). The hybrid system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered before and after training. Only the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS was analyzed. After training, individual interviews were performed to assess participants' subjective reactions to the training program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that desired directional and statistically significant changes occurred on the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS (F(1,14) = 8.54, p < .011) and on the BDI (F(1,14) = 5.42, p < .035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subsequent to the ambulation training program there were statistically significant increases in physical self-concept scores and decreases in depression scores.
authors.affiliation: The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Needham-Shropshire
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001828:Body Image; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012649:Self Concept; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D016138:Walking