title: Pattern of association over time of side-effects burden, self-help, and self-care in women with breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the side-effects burden experienced over time by 53 women who were receiving treatment for breast cancer, and to describe the association of side-effects burden with self-help and self-care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from the Self-Help Intervention Project (SHIP), an intervention study designed to test the effectiveness of nursing interventions for women who were receiving treatment for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were interviewed in their homes or treatment locations three times over a period of four to five months.
  
  
  METHODS
  53 women randomly assigned to the SHIP control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The researchers collected data at a designated period of time after treatment was initiated (Time 1), six to eight weeks later (Time 2), and three months after that (Time 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Side-effects burden, as measured by items from the Symptom Transition Scale and the Side Effects Checklist; self-help, as measured by the Inventory of Adult Role Behavior; and self-care, as measured by the Inventory of Adult Self-Care Behaviors and the Self-Care Inventory-Wellness Promotion subscale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fatigue was the most frequent and problematic side effect over time. Other frequent and problematic side effects over time included sore arm(s), difficulty sleeping, and skin irritation. Significant correlations were evident for self-help with symptom extension, number of side effects, depression, difficulty concentrating, and pain. No significant relationships were evident between self-care and an increase in side effects. Small relationships existed for self-care between symptom extension at Time 2 and Time 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over time, side effects interfered with patients' ability to perform adult role activities. For the most part, problematic side-effects burden was not associated with self-care at any point in time. The scattered associations that did exist were in the negative direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A need exists for clinically individualized nursing interventions to reduce the side-effects burden of women receiving treatment for breast cancer. Interventions can do much to reduce the perception of illness severity so that self-help and self-care can be maintained.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Longman
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Braden
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mishel
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012648:Self Care; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents