title: Association between beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and susceptibility to bronchodilator desensitisation in moderately severe stable asthmatics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-vitro studies have suggested that polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenoceptor may influence the desensitisation induced by beta 2-agonists. We investigated the influence of beta 2-AR polymorphism on the development of bronchodilator desensitisation in asthma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out an analysis of 22 moderately severe stable asthmatics, mean age 38 years, FEV1 63% of predicted and FEF25-75 38% of predicted, who received a median inhaled corticosteroid dose of 1000 micrograms/day. Patients were randomly assigned inhaled placebo or inhaled formoterol 24 micrograms bid for 4 weeks each in a crossover study. Bronchodilator dose-response curves were made at the end of each treatment period by use of cumulative doses of formoterol (6-108 micrograms) with FEV1 and FEF25-75 measured 30 min after each dose, and up to 6 h after the last dose. We calculated the degree of bronchodilator desensitisation by comparing the dose-response (for maximum and 6 h) after placebo with that after formoterol, and expressed this degree as a percentage of placebo response. Patients were divided into groups according to genotype at codon 16: homozygous Arg 16 (n = 4), heterozygous Arg 16/Gly 16 (n = 8), and homozygous Gly 16 (n = 10). At codon 27: homozygous Gln 27 (n = 5), heterozygous Gln 27/Glu 27 (n = 11), and homozygous Glu 27 (n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significantly (p < 0.05) greater degree of bronchodilator desensitisation with homozygous Gly 16 than with homozygous Arg 16 for maximal FEV1 response: -8% (Arg 16) vs 46% (Gly 16); and for maximal FEF25-75 response: -32% (Arg 16) vs 74% (Gly 16; 95% CI 15-92% and 49-164%, respectively). Bronchodilator responses at 6 h were also significantly (p < 0.05) different for FEV1 and FEF25-75 when Arg 16 and Gly 16 were compared and values for heterozygous Arg 16/Gly 16 were intermediate. There was significantly greater desensitisation with Glu 27 than with Gln 27 for maximal FEF25-75 response: -7% (Gln 27) vs 68% (Glu 27), p = 0.05; and for 6 h FEF25-75 response: 43% (Gln 27) vs 93% (Glu 27), p < 0.05 (95% CI 2-147% and 5-94%, respectively). All patients who were homozygous Glu 27 were also homozygous Gly 16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found preliminary evidence that beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism is associated with altered beta 2-adrenoceptor expression in asthma patients. The homozygous Gly-16 form was significantly more prone to bronchodilator desensitisation than Arg 16, with the influence of Gly 16 dominating over any putative protective effects of Glu 27.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dewar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lipworth
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate