title: External cephalic version at term with tocolysis and vibroacoustic stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the obstetric outcome in women who had external cephalic version (ECV) for breech presentation after 36 weeks gestation with those who did not, to see whether ECV reduces breech deliveries and cesarean section rates with reduced complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  External cephalic version was attempted in 200 women (study group) with the use of tocolysis and vibroacoustic stimulation. The control group (ECV not attempted) comprised of 278 women with breech presentation after 36 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cesarean section rate was 14.0% in the successful version group compared with 55.2% in the unsuccessful version group. The overall cesarean section rate in the study group was 32.5%. In the control group of 278, the fetus remained in the breech presentation in labor in 269 women with a cesarean section rate of 51.4% which was not different from the unsuccessful version group (55.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the randomized trials conducted earlier in that ECV after 36 weeks gestation reduced the number of breech deliveries and cesarean sections (32.5% in the study group compared with 51.4% in the control group) (P > 0.00001).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Annapoorna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arulkumaran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anandakumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montan
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ratnam
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001946:Breech Presentation; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015145:Tocolysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014710:Version, Fetal / Q000379:methods*; D014732:Vibration