title: Neurohormonal mechanisms of cigarette smoke-induced duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in the rat.
abstract: The effect of cigarette smoke and nicotine on duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (DMBS) was studied in rats. Cigarette smoke but not intravenous nicotine administered acutely to anesthetized rats via a tracheostomy tube stimulated DMBS by 47 +/- 6%. The increase was neurally mediated via atropine-sensitive postganglionic cholinergic neurons. Introduction of cigarette smoke after the infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide and porcine histidine isoleucine (PHI) also caused a delayed increase in DMBS. However, the magnitude of this increase was similar to that seen in control non-peptide-infused rats. The increase in bicarbonate secretion predominantly involved Brunner's glands. Rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 and 8 days before direct instillation of smoke via tracheostomy tube did not show any increase in their DMBS. These studies indicate that in the rat, cigarette smoke increases DMBS, most likely secreted by the Brunner's glands. The increase is neurally mediated via atropine-sensitive postganglionic cholinergic neurons. Gastroenteric neuropeptides do not exert any influence on cigarette smoke-mediated DMBS secretion in the rat. Unlike acute exposure to cigarette smoke, chronic exposure (4 and 8 days) of rats to cigarette smoke abolishes increase in DMBS induced by subsequent exposure to cigarette smoke. This last observation may, in part, may explain the tendency of chronic smokers who have duodenal bulb ulcers to show greater propensity to higher rate of recurrence and protracted healing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences University, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192, USA. murthys@allegheny.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Dinoso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natrajan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002011:Brunner Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D018738:Hexamethonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010455:Peptides; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D018738:Hexamethonium; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D001285:Atropine; D012110:Reserpine; C041951:GRF-PHI heptacosapeptide amide