title: Primary care physicians' use of lumbar spine imaging tests: effects of guidelines and practice pattern feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reduce variability in primary care physicians' use of procedures for imaging the lumbar spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled intervention using clinical practice guideline and practice pattern feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven internists and 28 family practitioners in a large, group-model HMO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention group physicians received the clinical practice guideline for low back pain, followed after 4 months by three bimonthly feedback reports on their current use rates for lumber spine x-rays and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the lumbar spine. Control group physicians received neither the guideline nor the feedback reports. Automated radiology utilization data were used to compare intervention and control group physicians' changes in use rates and variability in use rates over the course of the study period. Neither the guideline alone nor the guideline plus feedback was associated with a significant decrease in use rates or in the variability in use rates for the lumbar spine imaging procedures under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical practice guidelines and practice pattern feedback fail to achieve their goals when features of the practice setting and patient expectations and behavior are not identified and addressed.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Northwest Division, Portland, Ore. 97227, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Freeborn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shye
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mullooly
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eraker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romeo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009922:Oregon; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011859:Radiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014861:Washington