title: p21/waf1/cip1 and mdm-2 expression in breast carcinoma patients as related to prognosis.
abstract: p21/waf1/cip1 and mdm-2 are downstream effectors of p53. p21 plays a major role in negatively regulating cell-cycle progression, while mdm-2 inhibits p53 effects, and its role has been implicated in oncogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of p21, mdm-2 and p53 in human breast-carcinoma tissues. The aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between the expression profiles of these markers and tumor differentiation, ER status and prognosis. We studied tumor specimens obtained from 106 patients and found a highly significant association among low histology grade, p53 over-expression, high mdm-2 expression and lack of p21 expression. Our studies also demonstrate that, in human breast cancer, low levels of p21 and higher mdm-2 levels directly correlate with the onset of lymph-node metastases and shortened patient survival. Furthermore, the expression profiles of p21, mdm-2 and p53 were independently correlated with patient survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Q X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Z Z
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2