title: Are emergency department patients thinking about advance directives?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the percentage of adult patients presenting to an urban ED who have a written advance directive (AD) and to determine whether age, sex, a patient's perception of his or her health status, and having a regular physician are associated with the patient's having an AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional patient survey performed at a community teaching hospital ED. Surveys were completed by 511 adult ED patients during representative shifts over a 3-month period. The questions included age, sex, "self-reported" health status, whether the patient had a "regular" physician, a patient-generated list of medical problems, and whether the patient had a written AD. For this study, ADs included health care proxies, living wills, and do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR) orders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients surveyed, 27% reported having an AD. Males and females were equally likely to have an AD. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of having an AD were older age, having a "regular" physician, and the patient's perception of his or her health status as ill. Most patients who had an AD (82%) discussed it with their families, but only 48% discussed it with their physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 27% of the adult patients presenting to the ED had an AD. Older age, the patient's perception of his or her health status as ill, and having a "regular" physician increased the likelihood of having an AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Llovera
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D014505:Urban Population