Evaluation of triple quantum-filtered 23Na NMR spectroscopy in the in situ rat liver.
Triple quantum (TQ)-filtered 23Na NMR spectroscopy and the shift reagent, TmDOTP5-, have been used to evaluate the contributions of intra- (Na+i) and extracellular (Na+e) sodium to the TQ-filtered signal in the rat liver, in situ. Na+e contributed significantly to the total TQ-filtered signal in live animals, and the intensity of this signal did not change postmortem. The TQ-filtered Na+i signal increased by approximately 380% over a period of 1 h postmortem, whereas the single quantum (SQ) Na+i increased by 90%. The constancy of the TQ-filtered Na+i signal indicates that changes in total TQ-filtered 23Na signal intensity in liver (without a shift reagent) may accurately reflect changes in TQ-filtered Na+i signal intensity. The large percent increase in the TQ-filtered Na+i signal as compared to the SQ signal suggests that the fraction of Na+i interacting with macromolecules increases after death.
Seshan
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Mary Nell and Ralph B. Rogers Magnetic Resonance Center, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9085, USA.
Sherry
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Bansal
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D000818:Animals; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013932:Thulium
D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C069929:thulium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetramethylenephosphonate; D013932:Thulium; D012964:Sodium