title: Response bias in plaintiffs' histories.
abstract: This study investigated response bias in self-reported history of factors relevant to the assessment of traumatic brain injury, toxic brain injury and related emotional distress. Response bias refers to systematic error in self-report data. A total of 446 subjects (comprising 131 litigating and 315 non-litigating adults from five locations in the United States) completed a symptom questionnaire. Data were obtained from university faculty and students, from patients in clinics specializing in physiatry neurology, and family medicine, and from plaintiffs undergoing forensic neuropsychological evaluations. Comparisons were made for litigant and non litigant ratings of their past and current cognitive and emotional functioning, including life in general, ability to concentrate, memory, depression, anxiety, alcohol, drugs, ability to work or attend school, irritability, headaches, confusion, self-esteem, and fatigue. Although there is no basis for hypothesizing plaintiffs to be healthier than the general population, plaintiffs rated their pre-injury functioning superior to non-plaintiffs. These findings suggest that response biases need to be taken into account by forensic examiners when relying on litigants' self-reports of pre-injury status.
authors.affiliation: Lees-Haley Psychological Corporation, Woodland Hills, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lees-Haley
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Zasler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marguilies
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011287:Prejudice; D012649:Self Concept; D012725:Sexual Behavior