title: Reversal of medetomidine-induced sedation in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with atipamezole increases the medetomidine concentration in plasma.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of two potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor agents that can be used for immobilization (medetomidine) and reversal (atipamezole) of the sedation in mammals, were studied in three reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in winter and again in summer. Medetomidine (60 micrograms/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.), followed by atipamezole (300 micrograms/kg) intravenously 60 min later. Drug concentrations in plasma were measured by HPLC. The administration of atipamezole resulted in an immediate 2.5-3.5 fold increase in the medetomidine concentration in plasma. Clearance for medetomidine (median 19.3 mL/min.kg) was lower than clearance for atipamezole (median 31.0 mL/min.kg). The median elimination half-lives of medetomidine and atipamezole in plasma were 76.1 and 59.9 min, respectively. The animals became resedated 0.5-1 h after the reversal with atipamezole. Resedation may be explained by the longer elimination half-life of medetomidine compared to atipamezole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norweigan College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway. birgit.ranheim@veths.no
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranheim
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Horsberg
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nymoen
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Søli
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnemo
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003670:Deer / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D020926:Medetomidine; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; C050701:atipamezole; D020926:Medetomidine