title: Muscle metabolism changes with training in the nonamputated limb after vascular amputation: interest of phosphorus 31 NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy the efficacy of training in improving aerobic metabolism of calf muscle in nonamputated limb after recent vascular amputation; to assess the possible associated microcirculatory changes; and to evaluate the need for noninvasive monitoring techniques during training in the nonamputated limb after recent vascular amputation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study, before and after training. Subjects served as their own controls and were compared with a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation center of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten unilateral vascular amputated patients were included with ankle systolic index between 0.5 and 0.8 in the nonamputated limb, and 10 control subjects without cardiovascular disease or risk factors of atherosclerosis with ankle systolic index of >.95.
  
  
  METHODS
  Walking with prosthesis at self-selected velocity over increasing walking distance, arm training at a workload of 60% of a maximal arm test, and analytical exercises of the nonamputated leg (dynamic contractions against low resistance). Subjects received training as inpatients, 5 days a week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after training, ankle systolic index, forefoot transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) and veno-arteriolar reflex, and digital plethysmography of the second toe with reactive hyperemia test were studied. Changes in calf muscle pH, phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were measured by 31P NMR spectroscopy at rest and during a plantar flexion-type incremental protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in ankle systolic index (.63 +/- .10 vs .64 + .07) or in TcPO2 (42 +/- 11 vs 44 +/- 10mmHg), and there was reappearance of veno-arteriolar reflex in 3 cases, of a plethysmographic signal in 2 cases, and of the positivity of the reactive hyperemia test in 3 cases. No differences were found with 31P NMR spectroscopy at rest before and after training. At the same workload (1 watt) the difference of the ratio (PCr/(PCr + Pi)) of rest to effort (PCr depletion) was significantly increased in the amputated patients (.423 +/- .159 vs .145 +/- .058; p < .01). This difference of ratio was lower after training (.360 +/- .158 vs .423 +/- .159; p < .05). The pH was less acid between the two periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular monitoring with systolic index and TcPO2 is necessary to follow and to prevent serious ischemia of the nonamputated limb. Claudication is often not detected because of early exhaustion during walking. Training after recent vascular amputation improves the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Readaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dulieu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Casillas
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Maillefert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cottin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Didier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunotte
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes