title: Human corneal epithelial cells reorient and migrate cathodally in a small applied electric field.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) respond to small applied electric fields (EFs) in a similar manner to bovine corneal epithelial cells (BCECs), the orientation and directed migration in small EFs of both primary cultures and of a human corneal epithelial cell line were quantified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of human corneal epithelial cells (PHCECs) and transformed human corneal epithelial cells (THCECs) were exposed to EFs (100 mV/mm-250 mV/mm) in different media. Cell migration was traced using an image analyser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHCECs and THCECs reoriented and migrated towards the cathode (negative pole) when cultured in small direct current (dc) EFs. Both the reorientation and directional migration were voltage- and serum-dependent, as shown previously for bovine cells. PHCECs and THCECs showed significant perpendicular orientation in EFs at 150 mV/mm in medium with serum, while at the same voltage, no significant orientation was found in serum free medium. PHCECs started to show perpendicular reorientation around 30 min after onset of EF at 150 mV/mm. They showed significant directional migration at 150 mV/mm, with directedness of 0.35 +/- 0.07 and a migration rate of 9.1 +/- 0.7 microns/h (n = 90), both significantly higher than that of cells in serum free medium. Addition of EGF-induced significant reorientation and directional migration of THCECs at 100 mV/mm. Additionally, as for BCECs, which remained viable and responsive to electric fields for at least 75 h at 150 mV/mm, THCECs also remained viable and showed responsiveness during long periods of exposure to EFs (at least 20 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultured human primary CECs and a human corneal epithelial cell line both responded to small EFs with perpendicular reorientation and cathodally-directed migration. Cell responses were qualitatively similar to those reported previously for bovine CECs. The endogenous EFs generated by wounded cornea may play an important role in promoting cell shape changes and directed migration of CECs during the healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: McCaig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agius-Fernandez
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki-Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D048429:Cell Size / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004566:Electrodes; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor