title: Salt restriction: effects on lipids and insulin production in hypertensive patients.
abstract: The object of the study was to evaluate blood pressure, insulin and glucose metabolism, and serum lipids in hypertensive patients, during 8 weeks on a moderately salt-restricted diet. A double-blind, cross-over study was conducted with hypertensive patients following a moderately salt-restricted diet. Patients were randomised to sodium capsules in one period and placebo capsules during the other period. After a 1-month run-in period, 13 males and three females with mild to moderate essential hypertension (mean age 50 years) complied with a salt-reduced diet. They were randomized to a salt-supplemented group (5 capsules of 10 mmol sodium per capsule) or a salt reduced diet group (5 capsules of placebo) with cross-over after 8 weeks. Serum insulin, insulin C-peptide, and glucose were measured, fasting and 30 min after a 75-g glucose load. Serum lipids and lipoproteins constituting an atherogenic index were measured, along with blood pressure and 24-h urine excretion of sodium and chloride. Non-significant reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (4 mmHg, p = 0.06, and 2 mmHg, p = 0.13, respectively) were observed during the reduced-salt period. The changes observed for fasting insulin, insulin C-peptide, glucose, serum lipids and the atherogenic index were also non-significant. It is concluded that moderate salt restriction seems not to adversely influence insulin resistance or serum lipids in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laerum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aakvaag
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulvik
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Høstmark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D010919:Placebos