title: Continuous cervical epidural anesthesia in reconstructive hand surgery.
abstract: Continuous cervical epidural anesthesia was used for 17 operations in 16 patients undergoing immediate reconstructive surgery after upper-extremity injuries or tumor resection and was continued for postoperative pain management. Routine hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, plasma bupivacaine levels, and skin temperatures were recorded before and after the block. The surgery time ranged from 3 to 18 hours. Postoperative pain management was maintained for up to 6 days. The blocks were adequate for surgery and postoperative pain treatment in all cases. There were no signs or symptoms indicating local anesthetic toxicity. Circulatory and respiratory integrity was well maintained. The patients were all ambulatory the day after surgery and could start physiotherapy immediately. This regional anesthesia technique may have significant advantages over branchial plexus block or general anesthesia for lengthy surgical procedures of the upper extremity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Nystrom
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nystrom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery; D002045:Bupivacaine; D005260:Female; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012092:Replantation; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine