title: Two rhamnogalacturonide tetrasaccharides isolated from semi-retted flax fibers are signaling molecules in Rubus fruticosus L. cells.
abstract: Water extraction of semi-retted flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fiber bundles yielded a mixture of pectic oligosaccharides and two acidic rhamnogalacturonide tetrasaccharides that were separated by size-exclusion chromatography. One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry experiments indicated that the two tetrasaccharides have a common primary structure, i.e. alpha-D-delta GalpA(1-->2)-alpha-L- Rhap(1-->4)-alpha-D-GalpA-(1-->2)-L-alpha,beta-Rhap, with a rhamnopyranose as terminal reducing end, and a 4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the nonreducing end. However, the two tetrasaccharides differ by an acetyl group located at the O-3 position of the internal galacturonic acid residue. These two tetrasaccharides induce the activation of D-glycohydrolases of Rubus fructicosus L. cells or protoplasts within minutes.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Associé à l'Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dinand
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Excoffier
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liénart
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vignon
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005690:Galactose / Q000032:analysis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D010935:Plant Diseases; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
chemical_list: D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C007819:galacturonic acid; D010368:Pectins; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D012210:Rhamnose; D005690:Galactose