title: In vivo and in vitro immunomodulation induced by the extract of the mycelium fungus Polyporus squamosus.
abstract: The mycelial mass of the fungus Polyporus Squamosus strain 64 (PS-64) was disintegrated by mechanical and ultrasound treatments. After centrifugation, the supernatant containing the disintegrate was dialyzed and lyophilized. The resultant PS-64 extract was subsequently investigated as an immunomodulator of IgE and IgG responses to ovalbumin (OA) in (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Multiple injections of PS-64 extract in doses of 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/kg administered before the primary or secondary immunization of mice with OA resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of both IgE and IgG antibody responses to OA. In contrast to the inhibition of the anti-OA IgE response noted during the entire 3-week observation period, the anti-OA IgG response was restored to control level by the third week of secondary immunization. The glass microfiber-based whole blood histamine release assay demonstrated that various concentrations of the PS-64 extract did not influence histamine release induced either by anti-IgE or by specific allergens from basophils derived from whole blood of allergen-sensitized patients. Using the hemolytic plaque assay, significant suppression of IgM-secreting cell formation was noted in (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice administered various doses of the PS-64 extract before immunization. The PS-64 extract inhibited the in vitro proliferation of human mononuclear cells upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In a dose-dependent manner, the PS-64 extract also inhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and skin graft rejection, similar to the effect noted with usage of Cyclosporin A (CsA) in (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 mice. Our investigation suggests that the immunomodulatory effects of PS-64 should be studied further for potential clinical therapeutic utility.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Babakhin
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Majoul
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vedernikov
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Leskov
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pisarev
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Babakhin
authors.lastname: Logina NYu
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gushchin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: DuBuske
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine; D010047:Ovalbumin