title: How healthcare professionals contribute to hope in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether healthcare professionals influence the level of hope in patients with cancer and, if so, how they influence their hope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, qualitative design.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adult hematology/oncology unit in the upper midwestern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two men and women receiving active or supportive treatment or palliative care for cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured interviews conducted in the participants' hospital rooms. Ten investigators and two consultants transcribed and analyzed the interview data using content analysis. They identified themes and subthemes that described healthcare professionals' roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthcare professionals' contributions to hope as described by patients with cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healthcare professionals positively and negatively influenced hope in this sample. Hope was facilitated by being present, giving information, and demonstrating caring behaviors. Negative influences on hope primarily concerned the way in which healthcare professionals gave information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthcare professionals do influence patients' perceptions of their hope. Although most nursing actions are hope enhancing, nurses can reduce a patient's sense of hope if information provided or attitude toward the patient is insensitive or disrespectful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses can increase patients' hope by being present, taking time to talk, and being helpful. They must provide information and answer questions in a compassionate, positive, honest, and respectful manner. Caring behaviors such as thoughtful gestures, showing warmth and genuineness, and being friendly and polite also increase patients' hope.
authors.affiliation: United Hospital, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koopmeiners
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Post-White
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutknecht
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceronsky
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nickelson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kreitzer
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D009042:Motivation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D010166:Palliative Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012944:Social Support