title: Forced-air warming is no more effective than conventional methods for raising postoperative core temperature after cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether postoperative forced-air warming of cardiac bypass patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) results in faster rate of warming and improved outcomes compared with more conventional ICU warming methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized effectiveness study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred fifty-bed university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty consenting randomized patients from a consecutive series of 84 patients undergoing routine adult cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One group of patients received usual patient care, which includes warm blankets and overhead heat lamps. Patients in the other group were placed under forced-air warming devices on arrival in the ICU. Sixty consenting patients (30 in each group) were randomly assigned to one or the other method of warming. The remaining 24 patients refused randomization and self-selected a treatment group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results are presented for the randomized groups. Core temperature, measured by pulmonary artery catheter thermistor, increased in both groups at the rate of 0.25 degree C per hour. No statistically or clinically significant differences were found between the group for whom the warming device was used and the standard care group in the incidence of postoperative cardiac arrhythmia, duration of time in the ICU, or any other clinical variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence from this study to warrant use of forced-air warming devices for the care of postoperative cardiac surgical patients in the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Scott and White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple 76508, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Villamaria
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Baisden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hillis
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rajab
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies