title: Drinking water contaminants (arsenic, cadmium, lead, benzene, and trichloroethylene). 2. Effects on reproductive performance, egg quality, and embryo toxicity in broiler breeders.
abstract: Broiler breeder hens were used to determine the effect of drinking water containing a low concentration of a chemical mixture (arsenic, 0.8 ppm; benzene, 1.3 ppm; cadmium, 5.1 ppm; lead, 6.7 ppm; and trichloroethylene, 0.65 ppm) and a high (10 times greater than the low concentration of the chemical mixture) levels of the chemical mixture. These chemicals are present in ground water near hazardous waste sites. Water consumption significantly decreased in chickens provided the high concentration of the chemical mixture, whereas feed consumption was not affected in any treatment. There was a linear relationship between increasing concentration of the chemical mixture in drinking water and decreasing body weight of hens. The low concentration of the chemical mixture significantly decreased egg production and egg weight, and increased percentage embryonic mortality. These results suggest that reproductive function in hens is sensitive to adverse effects of contaminated drinking water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Vodela
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Renden
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McElhenney
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001554:Benzene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001947:Breeding; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D014867:Water; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D007854:Lead; D001554:Benzene; D001151:Arsenic