title: Energy status in anoxic rat hepatocytes: effects of isoflurane, solution composition, and hypothermia.
abstract: Both cold and warm ischemia occur during liver transplantation. Hypothermia and Wisconsin solution preserve adenine nucleotide energy status, which is crucial to hepatic function and viability. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to preserve energy status in anoxic isolated hepatocytes in warm Krebs solution. The present study examined isoflurane effects on energy status during incubation also in Wisconsin or Krebs-plus-adenosine solution at 37 degrees or 4 degrees. Hepatocytes were isolated from rat liver after perfusion with Krebs + collagenase. In 25-mL flasks, 12.5 million cells in 2.5 mL of Krebs, Krebs plus 5 mmol/L adenosine, or Wisconsin solution were incubated under an atmosphere of O2/CO2 or N2/CO2 (19:1) +/- isoflurane (3 volumes% = 2ED50), for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C or 4 degrees C. Adenine nucleotides were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), lactate enzymatically. During warm (37 degrees) anoxia, Wisconsin solution preserved energy status; Krebs plus adenosine did not. Isoflurane further protected energy status in all three solutions. Hypothermia (4 degrees) alone greatly decreased anoxic loss of energy status in all solutions. In Wisconsin solution only, energy status tended to be higher in anoxic than in oxygenated cells and was further enhanced by isoflurane, with corresponding increases in lactate. During 30 minutes of either warm or cold anoxia, isoflurane and Wisconsin solution each helped preserve adenine nucleotide energy status in isolated hepatocytes, at least in part through enhanced glycolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-4455, USA.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pohorecki
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Landers
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007328:Insulin; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C051865:Krebs-Ringer solution; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D007530:Isoflurane; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose