title: Balancing phosphine in manure fermentation.
abstract: The evolution of phosphine gas during the anaerobic batch fermentation of fresh swine manure was detected and correlated to the production of methane and hydrogen sulphide. A close temporal relationship between phosphine liberation and methane formation was found. However, the gaseous phosphine released from manure during fermentation only represents a tiny fraction of the overall phosphine balance. The majority of phosphine is captured in solid manure constituents. This matrix-bound phosphine is eliminated by more than 50% during anaerobic batch-fermentation. Seasonally determined phosphine concentrations in biogas and manure from two large-scale manure treatment plants also revealed net losses of phosphine in fermentation. Consequently, manure has to be considered more as a sink of phosphine rather than a phosphine-generating medium. Furthermore, a close relationship between phosphine in the feed of swine and manure of these swine was observed, implying that phosphine residues in the feed (possibly as a result of grain fumigation) represent an important source of phosphine in manure technologies that is relevant before the faecals of swine enter manure treatment plants.
authors.affiliation: University of Leipzig, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Affairs, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eismann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glindemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuschk
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005285:Fermentation; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010720:Phosphines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D008372:Manure; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010720:Phosphines; D000641:Ammonia; C044646:phosphine; D008697:Methane; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide