title: Beer binging and mortality: results from the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study, a prospective population based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between beer binging (regular sessions of heavy beer drinking) and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective population based study with the baseline assessment of level of alcohol intake (dose), by type of drink and drinking pattern, previous and existing diseases, socioeconomic background, occupational status, involvement in organisations during leisure time, physical activity in leisure time, body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipids and plasma fibrinogen concentration, during an average of 7.7 years' follow up of mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population sample of 1641 men who consumed beer who were aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 years at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, death due to external causes, fatal myocardial infarctions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of death was substantially increased in men whose usual dose of beer was 6 or more bottles per session compared with men who usually consumed less than 3 bottles, after adjustment for age and total alcohol consumption (relative risk 3.01 (95% confidence interval 1.54 to 5.90) for all deaths; 7.10 (2.01 to 25.12) for external deaths; and 6.50 (2.05 to 20.61) for fatal myocardial infarction). The association changed only slightly when smoking, occupational status, previous diseases, systolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, body mass index, marital status, leisure time physical activity, and involvement in organisations were controlled for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of beer binging is associated with increased risk of death, independently of the total average consumption of alcoholic drinks. The relation is not explained by known behavioural, psychosocial, or biological risk factors. Death due to injuries and other external causes is overrepresented among beer bingers, but a strong association with fatal myocardial infarction suggests that the pathway may also involve other acute triggers of severe health events.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kauhanen
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Salonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000401:mortality*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors