title: Growth hormone therapy in patients with cirrhosis: a pilot study of efficacy and safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The protein catabolic state of cirrhosis is associated with severe growth hormone (GH) resistance, with low levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its major binding protein (IGFBP)-3. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of GH therapy in 20 cirrhotic patients to assess the reversibility of GH resistance and subsequent impact on protein economy and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with GH (0.25 IU/kg body wt) or placebo for 7 days. Serum levels of GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassay and 24-hour urinary nitrogen by the Kjeldahl technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGF-I levels increased only in the GH-treated group (mean, 69.2 +/- SE 7.0 to 170.6 +/- 48.8 ng/mL; P < 0.05) together with IGFBP-3 (1.65 +/- 0.3 to 2.94 +/- 0.6 mg/L; P < 0.005). Cumulative nitrogen balance similarly improved only in the GH group (2.87-24.16 g; P < 0.05). No significant side effects of GH were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH therapy can overcome the GH resistance of cirrhosis. The resulting improvement in nitrogen economy and possible influences on clinical outcomes will need to be confirmed in controlled studies of longer duration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donaghy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wicks
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holly
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gimson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone