title: MAD2 associates with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex and inhibits its activity.
abstract: Cell cycle progression is monitored by checkpoint mechanisms that ensure faithful duplication and accurate segregation of the genome. Defects in spindle assembly or spindle-kinetochore attachment activate the mitotic checkpoint. Once activated, this checkpoint arrests cells prior to the metaphase-anaphase transition with unsegregated chromosomes, stable cyclin B, and elevated M phase promoting factor activity. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain obscure. Here we report that upon activation of the mitotic checkpoint, MAD2, an essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, associates with the cyclin B-ubiquitin ligase, known as the cyclosome or anaphase-promoting complex. Moreover, purified MAD2 causes a metaphase arrest in cycling Xenopus laevis egg extracts and prevents cyclin B proteolysis by blocking its ubiquitination, indicating that MAD2 functions as an inhibitor of the cyclosome. Thus, MAD2 links the mitotic checkpoint pathway to the cyclin B destruction machinery which is critical in controlling the metaphase-anaphase transition.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gorbea
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rechsteiner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benezra
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008677:Metaphase; D008938:Mitosis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases