title: The effect of breakfast on minor anal complaints: a matched case-control study.
abstract: With the objective of exploring the association between breakfast and minor anal complaints, an age, sex and pregnancy matched case-control study was carried out in the out-patient clinics at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital. Patients were selected after personal interviews using a structured questionnaire in out-patient clinics. Information on age, sex, occupation and breakfast habits, as well as on haemorrhoids and anal fissure, was obtained. Patients who had haemorrhoids or anal fissure were placed in the case group; the remainder were controls. Any patient with diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer or bowel resection for any reason was excluded from the study. The main outcome measures were the odds of developing haemorrhoids or fissure in patients who did not eat breakfast. The results are based on 47 cases that were age, sex and pregnancy matched. Of the case group, 36% did not eat breakfast, compared with 11% in the control group. The analysis demonstrated a 7.5-fold increase in the odds of suffering from haemorrhoids or anal fissures in matched subjects who did not eat breakfast, with a very high level of significance (P = 0.0036). This indicates that there is a very strong association between failure to eat breakfast and haemorrhoids or anal fissure. It is anticipated that educating the public to eat breakfast would lead to a long-term fall in the incidence of anal complaints, in the attendant morbidity for the patients and in the cost to the health service.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy