title: Abnormalities of neuropeptides and neural markers in the esophagus of fetal rats with adriamycin-induced esophageal atresia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution of neural markers and neuropeptides in esophageal atresia (EA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A fetal rat model with Adriamycin-induced EA was used. The animals were divided into four groups: (1) control group, (2) saline-injected group, (3) Adriamycin administered but without the development of EA, and (4) Adriamycin-induced EA group. Specimens of the distal esophagus from each group were immunostained using antibodies to S100, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), somatostatin, vasoactive intestine peptide (VIP), bombesin, galanin, substance P, neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related product (CGRP), met-encephalin, nitric oxide synthase, and tyrosine hydroxylase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total cross-sectional area of the distal atretic esophagus was significantly smaller than controls (P = .01), the submucosa being the component most affected (0.0465 v 0.0234 mm). Immunoreactivity for S100 and galanin were significantly elevated in the atresia group (0.0288 v 0.0079 and .001 v 0.000). In addition, there was also an increase in CGRP and Substance P in the atretic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated levels of S100 and galanin could explain the disordered motility observed in patients who had esophageal atresia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Polak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D004947:Esophagus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D015415:Biomarkers; D009479:Neuropeptides; D004317:Doxorubicin