title: Topical anaesthesia in haemodialysis: evaluation of topical anaesthesia with lidocaine during vascular access in children undergoing long-term haemodialysis for chronic renal failure.
abstract: Children with chronic renal failure are frequently exposed to painful invasive procedures. Ointments containing lignocaine-prilocaine, when used before intravenous punctures, have been reported to lessen the pain sensation. The aim of this study was to interpret the effectiveness of lidocaine 2.5% ointment in preventing pain when used before venous and arterial punctures in children undergoing a haemodialysis programme for chronic renal failure. Eight children were included in this study. The pain level was identified by the patients using a linear analogue scale. When topical anaesthetic and placebo were compared, there was no statistical difference in interpretation of pain during arterial (P > 0.4), venous (P > 0.375) or both (P > 0.4) procedures. We conclude that lidocaine 2.5% ointment is not effective in preventing pain in children undergoing long-term haemodialysis. In these patients some other factors, like psychological factors, puncture technique and needle size must be taken into consideration for the prevention of pain.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavukçu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sevinç
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sersan
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000451:nursing*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine