title: Influence of bacterial overgrowth and intestinal inflammation on duration of parenteral nutrition in children with short bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Massive intestinal resection results in short bowel syndrome and necessitates prolonged parenteral feeding. The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of late complications of short bowel syndrome, including intestinal bacterial overgrowth and enterocolitis, on the duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) in comparison with factors evident in the neonatal period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 49 children, 42 were weaned from parenteral nutrition after a treatment course of 17 +/- 14 months. In these 42, postresection small intestinal length equaled 81 +/- 65 cm; 45% had an ileocecal valve. Small intestinal length in the seven children who were PN dependent was 31 +/- 30 cm (p < 0.05); none had an ileocecal valve (p < 0.05). Bacterial overgrowth occurred in all seven PN-dependent children and in 23 of 42 children eventually weaned from PN (p < 0.05). When bacterial overgrowth was identified before weaning (n = 12), the duration pf PN was 28 +/- 17 months, but when bacterial overgrowth was first identified only after weaning (n = 11), the duration of PN was 16 +/- 13 months (p < 0.05). Small intestinal inflammation correlated with bacterial overgrowth (r = 0.69). Those children with severe enteritis identified before weaning remained on the PN regimen for 36 +/- 15 months, in comparison with 21 +/- 14 months in those with mild enteritis and 13 +/- 11 months in those without inflammation (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the length of small intestine remaining after resection is the best immediate predictor of final success in terminating PN in children with short bowel syndrome, PN is prolonged by bacterial overgrowth and associated enteritis in those who will ultimately be weaned.
authors.affiliation: Joint Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68114, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Loseke
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Lupo
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Pinch
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vanderhoof
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D002423:Cause of Death; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors