title: Seasonality of symptoms in women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) and seasonal affective disorder are cyclical disorders often manifested by "atypical" depressive features. The goal of this study was to determine whether patients with LLPDD demonstrate substantial seasonal variation in symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive female patients attending a subspecialty clinic in a university teaching hospital were assessed by means of DSM-III-R criteria. All subjects completed the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, modified to include items on the seasonality of premenstrual symptoms. The results were compared with those of a group of female nonclinical subjects (N = 50).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients met the DSM-III-R criteria for LLPDD. Compared to the nonclinical group, the LLPDD patients had a significantly higher mean global seasonality score (an index of seasonality of mood and vegetative symptoms) and a significantly higher rate of seasonal affective disorder (38% versus 8%) as determined by Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire criteria. Twenty-five percent of the LLPDD group rated their seasonal variation in premenstrual symptoms as marked or severe, while 30% considered seasonal changes in overall symptoms to be a marked or severe problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that patients with LLPDD have substantial seasonal patterns in mood and premenstrual symptoms. These seasonal patterns have implications for the clinical assessment and treatment of LLPDD. For example, light therapy may be beneficial for women with seasonal worsening of LLPDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Maskall
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yatham
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Zis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase; D010789:Phototherapy; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index