title: Liver is not the unique site of synthesis of beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H): evidence for an intestinal localization.
abstract: Apolipoprotein H is a protein of about 50 kilodaltons, structurally related to the regulators of the complement activation family. Its physiological function is poorly understood but it has been implicated in lipid metabolism and coagulative pathways. The major site of synthesis is thought to be the liver. Several reports indicate that apolipoprotein H is the antigen of the antiphospholipid antibodies and also behaves as an acute-phase reactant. Moreover, 40% of plasma apolipoprotein H is associated with very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and postprandial chylomicrons. In this study we investigated other sites of synthesis by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and we found apolipoprotein H mRNA expression in intestinal cell lines and tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed on various fresh and paraffin-embedded tissues and apolipoprotein H was immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and epithelial cells from colon and jejunum. This study indicates that apolipoprotein H is expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in enterocytes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Patologia Generale, University of Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Averna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paravizzini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lanteri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavera
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barbagallo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petralia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Notarbartolo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Travali
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I