title: Influence of cycloheximide-mediated downregulation of glucose transport on TNF alpha-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Enhancement of cellular sensitivity to TNF alpha-induced apoptosis by cycloheximide (CX) has been attributed to its quality as an inhibitor of protein synthesis, presumably by prevention of the synthesis of short-lived death antagonists. CX is also known to interfere with glucose transport, which in turn influences cell death. Hexose uptake, expression of glucose transporter (Glut) mRNAs and proteins, and other related factors were therefore examined upon induction of apoptosis with TNF alpha and CX in breast cancer cell lines. In the early phase of apoptosis, a dramatic decrease in glucose transport was observed, preceded by stimulation of Glut 1 and 3 mRNAs. Transport downregulation was also detectable upon incubation with CX alone, albeit to a lesser extent. With the doses used, TNF alpha had no such effect. Protein synthesis was inhibited to the same degree in TNF alpha/CX-treated apoptotic cells compared to viable CX-treated cells. Diminished hexose uptake was associated with decreased Vmax, while Glut affinity remained unaffected. As there was no evidence for changes in total cellular Glut content or for Glut translocation from the plasma membrane, a diminished intrinsic activity of Gluts must be postulated. In conclusion, CX is proposed to contribute to TNF alpha-induced apoptosis predominantly by interference with glucose transport; the exact nature of this effect remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology/Oncology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kroemker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiddemann
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D006801:Humans; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014316:Tritium; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495687:SLC2A3 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014316:Tritium; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003513:Cycloheximide; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose