title: Direct induction of acute lung and myocardial dysfunction by liver ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) directly affect functions of remote organs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction follows hemorrhage, spinal shock, or trauma as a result of no-flow-reflow phenomena. Hepatic IR induces remote organ damage probably by xanthine oxidase and oxygen species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat livers, lungs, and hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solutions. After stabilization, livers were either perfused or made ischemic. Then, livers and hearts or livers and lungs were reperfused in series, and the liver was disconnected and the second organ continued to perfuse with the accumulated effluents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemic and reperfused liver effluent contained high lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid concentrations compared with controls; xanthine oxidase increased 60 to 100 times. Ischemic and reperfused lung peak inspiratory pressure almost doubled; airway static compliance halved; myocardial contractility decreased to 70% of baseline; wet weight-to-dry weight ratios of lungs and livers increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischemic and reperfused liver can directly induce myocardial and pulmonary dysfunction, presumably by oxidant-induced injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel. daw111@ibm.net
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weinbroum
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hochhauser
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rudick
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorkine
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karchevsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flaishon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fjodorov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niv
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vidne
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase