title: Adventitial gene transfer of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase to rabbit carotid arteries alters vascular reactivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adventitial gene transfer may serve as a tool to study vascular biology and may have therapeutic potential. We investigated the hypothesis that adenovirus-mediated transfer of the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to the adventitia would alter vascular reactivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rabbit carotid arteries were surgically isolated and adenoviral vectors encoding eNOS (AdeNOS) or beta-galactosidase instilled into the periarterial sheath at a concentration of 1 x 10(10) pfu/mL. Arteries were harvested 4 days later for immunostaining, NOS enzymatic assay, measurement of cGMP, and vasomotor studies. Transgene expression in the adventitia was confirmed by histochemistry for beta-galactosidase and immunostaining for eNOS with a monoclonal antibody. Calcium-dependent NOS enzymatic activity and cGMP levels were significantly greater in the AdeNOS-transduced arteries. Maximal contractions to phenylephrine (10(-5) mol/L) were diminished in the AdeNOS-transduced arteries (4.6+/-0.2 versus 5.6+/-0.2 g; P<.05), but in the presence of the eNOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-argininc (3x10(-4) mol/L) there was no difference between the two groups (7.1+/-0.2 versus 7.5+/-0.3 g; P=NS). Relaxations to calcium ionophore obtained during submaximal contractions to phenylephrine were significantly enhanced in the AdeNOS-transduced arteries (-log EC50, 7.77+/-0.08 versus 7.45+/-0.07; P<.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that eNOS gene transfer to the adventitia alters vascular reactivity, as demonstrated by diminished contractile responses to phenylephrine and enhanced relaxations to calcium ionophore. This may represent a therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases characterized by decreased bioavailability of NO.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kullo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mozes
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gloviczki
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Crotty
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Katusic
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003587:Cytomegalovirus; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D000001:Calcimycin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine