title: Influence of SNN-6010, an elemental diet, on the generation of cytokines, NO, and chemiluminescence from leukocytes and umbilical vein endothelial cells in man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is insufficient information on the influence of elemental diet (ED) on leukocytes and endothelial cells although ED has been used increasingly for debilitated and post-operative patients. We here aimed to show the influence of SNN-6010 (Twinline; TL), which contains medium-chain triglycerides, on the generation of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and chemiluminescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and leukocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leukocytes were obtained from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with jaw fractures who underwent TL for 30 days after intermaxillary fixation. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and NO generation were measured in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and HUVEC and generation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as expression of these cytokines' mRNA were examined in lymphocytes, monocytes, PMN, and HUVEC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TL dose-dependently suppressed generation of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, PGE2, and NO in all kinds of cells from healthy individuals. Lymphocytes from patients who underwent TL feeding for 30 days showed reduced generation of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and the suppressed cytokine generation corresponded with the decreased expression of mRNA of these cytokines. Chemiluminescence by PMN from healthy individuals was suppressed by TL dose-dependently, and PMN from TL-fed patients showed reduced chemiluminescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results appear to indicate that TL suppresses the functions of leukocytes and endothelial cells by down-regulating the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, NO, and cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku-city, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate