title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4 complement and cooperate with each other sequentially during visceral neuron development.
abstract: The neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) are crucial target-derived factors controlling the survival of peripheral sensory neurons during the embryonic period of programmed cell death. Recently, NT3 has also been found to act in a local manner on somatic sensory precursor cells during early development in vivo. Culture studies suggest that these cells switch dependency to NGF at later stages. The neurotrophins acting on the developing placode-derived visceral nodose/petrosal (N/P) ganglion neurons are BDNF, NT3, and NT4. To assess their roles in development, we analyzed embryonic development in mice carrying a deletion in each of these genes, or combinations of them, and found that they are essential in preventing the death of N/P ganglion neurons during different periods of embryogenesis. Both NT3 and NT4 are crucial during the period of ganglion formation, whereas BDNF acts later in development. Many, but not all, of the NT3- and NT4-dependent neurons switch to BDNF at later stages. We conclude that most of the N/P ganglion neurons depend on more than one neurotrophin and that they act in a complementary as well as a collaborative manner in a developmental sequence for the establishment of a full complement of visceral neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Doktorsringen 12A, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: ElShamy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ernfors
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D009620:Nodose Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis; D014781:Viscera / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C073922:neurotrophin 4