title: An orally active selenium-based antihypertensive agent with restricted CNS permeability.
abstract: We report here the first orally active, selenium-based antihypertensive agent, and we demonstrate its restricted CNS permeability using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS) and operant behavioral analysis. The biochemistry and pharmacology of selenium are subjects of intense current interest. As a consequence of the redox chemistry of the selenium moiety, phenylaminoalkyl selenides possess the remarkable characteristic of propagating a cycle of turnover-dependent local depletion of reduced ascorbate when processed by the key enzyme of catecholamine metabolism, dopamine-beta-monooxygenase. ICP/MS analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters for selenide compounds after i.v. administration to anesthetized rats. Analysis of the data using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model established very rapid initial clearance and a short beta-elimination half-life from blood. We developed an oxidative procedure for digestion and processing of tissue samples in order to obtain ICP/MS data on the tissue distributions of Se-containing metabolites after the administration of selenide compounds. The results establish that aromatic ring hydroxylation of the selenides results in a marked reduction in brain levels of Se-containing metabolites. The comparative effects of selenide compounds on locomotor activity and operant behavior were then investigated, and the results fully corroborate the ICP/MS analytical results. The novel compound, 4-hydroxy-alpha-methyl-phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide, exhibits both restricted CNS permeability and oral antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This compound is the first orally active selenium-based antihypertensive agent ever reported, and it possesses properties that are highly desirable in pharmacological agents being developed for treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gill-Woznichak
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Browner
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ogonowski
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pollock
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds