title: The experience of rheumatoid arthritis pain and fatigue: examining momentary reports and correlates over one week.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the daily experience of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an ecologically valid manner; Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was employed. Diurnal cycles and within-day variation of self-reported pain and fatigue were examined as were relationships between pain, fatigue, daily stressful events, and sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with RA were alerted with an electronic beep 7 times per day for 7 consecutive days. Assessments were recorded at each beep. Upon awakening each day, sleep information was reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were large individual differences in variation of pain and fatigue. Stressors were associated with increased pain but not fatigue. Subjects with poor sleep had higher levels of pain and fatigue. Diurnal cycles of pain and fatigue were found, yet were observed for only some patients (37% and 34%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of EMA deepens our understanding of the pain and fatigue experienced by RA patients. This method may help identify subgroups of patients who are highly "psychoreactive" to environmental stimuli and/or who have diurnal patterns to their symptoms. It may also be used to improve existing instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8790, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kaell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*