title: The amino-terminal region of Tyk2 sustains the level of interferon alpha receptor 1, a component of the interferon alpha/beta receptor.
abstract: Tyk2 belongs to the Janus kinase (JAK) family of receptor associated tyrosine kinases, characterized by a large N-terminal region, a kinase-like domain and a tyrosine kinase domain. It was previously shown that Tyk2 contributes to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) signaling not only catalytically, but also as an essential intracellular component of the receptor complex, being required for high affinity binding of IFN-alpha. For this function the tyrosine kinase domain was found to be dispensable. Here, it is shown that mutant cells lacking Tyk2 have significantly reduced IFN-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1) protein level, whereas the mRNA level is unaltered. Expression of the N-terminal region of Tyk2 in these cells reconstituted wild-type IFNAR1 level, but did not restore the binding activity of the receptor. Studies of mutant Tyk2 forms deleted at the N terminus indicated that the integrity of the N-terminal region is required to sustain IFNAR1. These studies also showed that the N-terminal region does not directly modulate the basal autophosphorylation activity of Tyk2, but it is required for efficient in vitro IFNAR1 phosphorylation and for rendering the enzyme activatable by IFN-alpha. Overall, these results indicate that distinct Tyk2 domains provide different functions to the receptor complex: the N-terminal region sustains IFNAR1 level, whereas the kinase-like domain provides a function toward high affinity ligand binding.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 276, Paris 75724 Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gauzzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uzé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fellous
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases