Look who's talking: a prospective study of familial transmission of language impairments.
Language impairments have been hypothesized to have a genetic component. Previous studies of the familial aggregation of language impairments have relied on a retrospective approach based on parental/self-reported history of language development. This study examined familial aggregation prospectively, by investigating language acquisition and cognitive development in the younger siblings and offspring of individuals with well-defined language impairments. It was predicted that children with a positive family history for language impairments would be more likely to show delays in language acquisition than would age- and gender-matched controls. Similar delays were not expected in nonlinguistic domains, such as conceptual, gestural, or general cognitive development. Ten children with a positive family history and 10 age- and gender-matched controls were tested. Analyses of linguistic and cognitive assessments at 16 to 26 months confirmed the predictions. Children with a family history of language impairments had lower receptive and expressive language scores than controls, with 50% of them scoring at least 1.5 SD below the mean for their age. At the same time, performance on a number of tasks that did not rely on language abilities did not differ as a function of family history. These results indicate that children with a positive family history for language impairments are at risk for language delay; the results also support a familial component to language impairments.
Spitz
R V
RV
Center for Molecular and Behavior Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA. rspitz@ukans.edu
Tallal
P
P
Flax
J
J
Benasich
A A
AA
D001722:Birth Order; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D007223:Infant; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014110:Touch