Cyclooxygenases and the central nervous system.
Prostaglandins (PGs) were first described in the brain by Samuelsson over 30 years ago (Samuelsson, 1964). Since then a large number of studies have shown that PGs are formed in regions of the brain and spinal cord in response to a variety of stimuli. The recent identification of two forms of cyclooxygenase (COX; Kujubu et al., 1991; Xie et al., 1991; Smith and DeWitt, 1996), both of which are expressed in the brain, along with superior tools for mapping COX distribution, has spurred a resurgence of interest in the role of PGs in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review we will describe new data in this area, focusing on the distribution and potential role of the COX isoforms in brain function and disease.
Kaufmann
W E
WE
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andreasson
K I
KI
Isakson
P C
PC
Worley
P F
PF
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000201:enzymology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000502:physiology*
D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases