title: Moral aspects of risk and innovation.
abstract: In all areas of technological innovation and application, there are nontechnical (moral, cultural, religious, political, and regulatory) risk factors and uncertainties that have to be taken into account if research design and introduction of new devices and applications are to be successful. Products and methods will be beneficial to the patient if they meet personal and cultural expectations. Value assessment of individual patients and of cultural preferences and obstacles therefore has to be included in complex technology assessment. Successful recognition and management of moral and cultural risk factors may require changes in governmental regulation and research design and the development of risk recognition competence within professional organizations.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum fuer Medizinische Ethik, Ruhr Universitaet, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sass
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000639:trends*; D026706:Paternalism; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D012945:Social Values; D035501:Uncertainty