title: Both DNA gyrase and reverse gyrase are present in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima.
abstract: Like all hyperthermophiles yet tested, the bacterium Thermotoga maritima contains a reverse gyrase. Here we show that it contains also a DNA gyrase. The genes top2A and top2B encoding the two subunits of a DNA gyrase-like enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. The Top2A (type II DNA topoisomerase A protein) is more similar to GyrA (DNA gyrase A protein) than to ParC [topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) C protein]. The difference is especially striking at the C-terminal domain, which differentiates DNA gyrases from Topo IV. DNA gyrase activity was detected in T. maritima and purified to homogeneity using a novobiocin-Sepharose column. This hyperhermophilic DNA gyrase has an optimal activity around 82-86 degrees C. In contrast to plasmids from hyperthermophilic archaea, which are from relaxed to positively supercoiled, we found that the plasmid pRQ7 from Thermotoga sp. RQ7 is negatively supercoiled. pRQ7 became positively supercoiled after addition of novobiocin to cell cultures, indicating that its negative supercoiling is due to the DNA gyrase of the host strain. The findings concerning DNA gyrase and negative supercoiling in Thermotogales put into question the role of reverse gyrase in hyperthermophiles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrémophiles, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France. guipaud@igmors.u-psud.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guipaud
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marguet
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: de la Tour
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forterre
mesh_terms: D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006089:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009675:Novobiocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D009675:Novobiocin; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II