title: Calcium blockade reduces renal apoptosis during ischemia reperfusion.
abstract: Apoptosis is well described in invertebrates and recently documented in mammals. The prevalence and pathophysiology of mammalian apoptosis is unknown and may have clinical ramifications. The aim of this study is to investigate the apoptotic response during kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Kidney I/R was initiated in anesthetized rats by occlusion of the renal pedicle for 45 min with or without pretreatment with .2 mg/kg verapamil: control animals received sham exposure. Flow was re-established after ischemia and the animals were allowed to recover for 24 h. Bilateral kidneys were harvested for DNA electrophoresis, Western analysis for p53, Northern analysis for c-myc expression, and light and electron microscopic analysis. Kidney I/R caused characteristic DNA laddering in the clamped kidney, and less extensive laddering was seen in the contralateral kidney. Light and electron microscopic analysis confirmed apoptotic morphology in the reperfused tissues. Verapamil pretreatment completely abolished DNA laddering and attenuated the microscopic evidence of apoptosis. p53 levels were increased by I/R in the ischemic kidney and moderately increased in the contralateral organ. c-myc mRNA levels were increased by the I/R insult. Kidney I/R injury may induce global apoptosis, which seems to be associated with an alteration in calcium homeostasis. The increase in p53 and c-myc mRNA levels seen with I/R may facilitate apoptosis. Calcium modulation seems to reduce apoptosis during I/R and may have therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Raafat
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeFrain
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Franko
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diebel
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dulchavsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D016259:Genes, myc; D006706:Homeostasis; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA; D002118:Calcium