title: Growth hormone increases and IGF-1 reduces the response to Escherichia coli infusion in injured pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if growth hormone (GH) or its main mediator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) alters the response to infusion of live Escherichia coli in injured pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The response to infusion of Escherichia coli was compared after a bolus of GH 16 IU (n = 8) or a continuous infusion of IGF-1 1.3 mg/hour (n = 8) in injured piglets. A group with trauma (surgery) and Escherichia coli infusion (n = 8) and a group with trauma only (n = 6) served as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systemic and regional haemodynamics, oxygen consumption, and acid-base regulation; and circulating concentrations of catecholamines, free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, and lactate Results: After infusion of Escherichia coli, cardiac output was lower and heart rate was higher in the GH than in the IGF-1-treated group. Aortic pH was lower in the GH group compared with the septic controls, whereas aortic pH was higher in the IGF-1 group compared with the septic controls. Portal vein pH was lower in the GH group than in the other three groups. Free fatty acids and lactate concentrations were higher in the GH group than in the other three groups. Glucose concentrations were lower in the IGF-1 group than in the other three groups. Renal artery flow was higher in the IGF-1 than in the GH group and the septic controls. Circulating concentrations of dopamine was higher in the IGF-1 group than in the other three groups, whereas that of noradrenaline was higher in the GH group than in the IGF-1 group. (For all differences stated, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute treatment with GH increased the circulatory and metabolic response to Escherichia coli infusion, in contrast to treatment with IGF-1, which reduced the response
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unneberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balteskard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mjaaland
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sager
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Revhaug
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000187:drug effects*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone