title: Ultrasonographic assessment of ambulatory venous pressure in superficial venous incompetence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In spite of its invasiveness, measurement of ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) is widely considered the gold standard measurement of venous function. We studied a technique for noninvasive ultrasonographic AVP determination in superficial venous incompetence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A linear relationship between venous pressure (measured by echo-guided venous puncture) and diameter (measured by transverse axis duplex imaging) was preliminarily demonstrated with multiple measurements in different conditions (supine, sitting, standing, and Trendelenburg positions, after exercise with and without cuff occlusion) in a saphenous tract at the thigh of 82 limbs in which reflux had been previously demonstrated. Then AVP was measured in another group of 44 patients who had demonstrated superficial venous incompetence, both with and without proximal occlusion, using again the same invasive method and a new noninvasive technique. The latter technique consisted in the construction of a linear diameter/pressure curve obtained after saphenous diameter (by high-resolution sonography) and noninvasive pressure (using hydrostatic values) determinations in the sitting and standing positions. Further measurement of saphenous diameter after standardized exercise permits extrapolation of the AVP values from the curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear regression analysis demonstrates that (1) beginning from 20 mm Hg, the pressure/diameter relationship of the incompetent greater saphenous vein is linear; and (2) AVP values derived invasively and noninvasively are significantly correlated (r = 0.7347 and p < 0.0001 for AVP derived without occlusion; r = 0.7270 and p < 0.0001 for values recorded with occlusion).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed technique appears able to reliably assess noninvasively AVP values in superficial venous incompetence. In addition, it can be performed with equipment that is widely used for vascular investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamboni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Portaluppi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marcellino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liboni
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014690:Venous Pressure