title: Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) functions as a prolactin-releasing factor in a teleost fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) and primary structures for three native GnRH molecules.
abstract: Three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are isolated and identified here by chemical sequence analysis for one species of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and by HPLC elution position for a second species of tilapia, O. mossambicus. Of the three GnRH forms in O. mossambicus, chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and sea bream GnRH (sbGnRH) are present in greater abundance in the brain and pituitary than salmon GnRH (sGnRH). These three native forms of GnRH are shown to stimulate the release of prolactin (PRL) from the rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the pituitary of O. mossambicus in vitro with the following order of potency: cGnRH-II > sGnRH > sbGnRH. In addition, a mammalian GnRH analog stimulated the release of PRL from the pituitary RPD incubated in either iso-osmotic (320 mosmol/l) or hyperosmotic (355 mosmol/l) medium, the latter normally inhibiting PRL release. The response of the pituitary RPD to GnRH was augmented by co-incubation with testosterone or 17 beta-estradiol. The effects of GnRH on PRL release appear to be direct effects on PRL cells because the RPD of tilapia contains a nearly homogeneous mass of PRL cells without intermixing of gonadotrophs. Our data suggest that GnRH plays a broad role in fish, depending on the species, by affecting not only gonadotropins and growth hormone, but also PRL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe 96744, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rivier
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nanakorn
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Parhar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ngamvongchon
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Grau
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sherwood
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009995:Osmosis; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D017210:Tilapia / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin