title: Fatal rhino-orbital-cerebral zygomycosis.
abstract: Rhinocerebral zygomycosis is usually an aggressive, fulminant and, at times, fatal disease most often affecting poorly controlled diabetics of all ages. We report the case of a 13-month-old white boy, a previously undiagnosed diabetic. He came to our hospital with recurrent epistaxis, decreasing consciousness, and a small visible infection at the inner canthus of the left eye. Initial evaluation revealed that the patient was in diabetic ketoacidosis. Despite aggressive medical and surgical treatment, his condition deteriorated rapidly, including the development of diabetes insipidus, and he died 4 days after admission. At autopsy, he was found to have fungal cerebritis (Rhizopus) with multiple areas of infarction and massive cerebral edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Orlando Regional Healthcare System, FL 32806, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kameh
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gambon
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kropp
mesh_terms: D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000382:microbiology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000382:microbiology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000382:microbiology; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000209:etiology; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000175:diagnosis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012233:Rhizopus; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000175:diagnosis