title: Photodynamic destruction of Haemophilus parainfluenzae by endogenously produced porphyrins.
abstract: Bacterial resistance against antibiotic treatment is becoming an increasing problem in medicine. Therefore methods to destroy microorganisms by other means are being investigated, one of which is photodynamic therapy (PDT). It has already been shown that a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can be killed in vitro by PDT using exogenous sensitizers. An alternative method of photosensitizing cells is to stimulate the production of endogenous sensitizers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal efficacy of PDT for Haemophilus parainfluenzae with endogenously produced porphyrins, synthesized in the presence of delta-aminolaevulinic acid (delta-ALA). H. parainfluenzae incubated with increasing amounts of delta-ALA showed decreased survival after illumination with 630 nm light. No photodynamic effect on the bacterial viability was found when H. parainfluenzae was grown without added delta-ALA. H. influenzae, grown in the presence of delta-ALA, but not capable of synthesizing porphyrins from delta-ALA, was not affected by PDT. Of the range of incident wavelengths, 617 nm appeared to be the most efficient in killing the bacteria. Spectrophotometry of the bacterial porphyrins demonstrated that the maximum fluorescence occurred at approximately 617 nm, with a much lower peak around 680 nm. We conclude that a substantial killing of H. parainfluenzae by PDT in vitro after endogenous sensitization with delta-ALA can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Laser Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sterenborg
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Alphen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maikoe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dankert
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006190:Haemophilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid