title: Prenatal manipulations reduce the proinflammatory response to a cytokine challenge in juvenile monkeys.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess the potential long-term effects of prenatal stress on the cytokine-related inflammatory response in juvenile rhesus monkeys. Subjects were derived from two different pregnancy conditions. Study 1 involved endocrine activation of the pregnant female by daily adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injection across a 2-week period (days 120-133 post-conception). Pregnant females in Study 2 experienced a psychological stressor, 10 minutes per day, for a 6-week period (days 106-147 post-conception). When the offspring from these pregnancies were 1.5-2 years of age, they were administered recombinant human interleukin-1beta (rhIL-1beta) to stimulate the release of endogenous cytokines, elicit fever, and activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured, as well as cortisol levels and body temperature. The prenatal ACTH treatment altered the postnatal response to IL-1beta in juvenile offspring. These monkeys showed a significantly blunted response to the IL-1beta, with smaller increments in blood and CSF levels of IL-6 and diminished temperature responses to the IL-1beta. In contrast, the prenatal psychological stressor was not as potent and did not have lasting effects on this physiological response in juvenile monkeys. IL-1beta also induced significant increases in cortisol secretion, but this adrenal response was comparable in all monkeys. These data suggest that differences in the prenatal environment could have a selective effect on cytokine physiology accounting for individual differences in the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA. tmreyes@students.wisc.edu
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Coe
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone