title: Characterization of the structure and function of the fourth member of p38 group mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38delta.
abstract: We have cloned and characterized a new member of the p38 group of mitogen-activated protein kinases here termed p38delta. Sequence comparisons revealed that p38delta is approximately 60% identical to the other three p38 isoforms but only 40-45% to the other mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. It contains the TGY dual phosphorylation site present in all p38 group members and is activated by a group of extracellular stimuli including cytokines and environmental stresses that also activate the other three known p38 isoforms. However, unlike the other p38 isoforms, the kinase activity of p38delta is not blocked by the pyridinyl imidazole, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-2(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-imidazole (identicalto SB202190). p38delta can be activated by MKK3 and MKK6, known activators of the other isoforms. Nonetheless, in-gel kinase assays provide evidence for additional activators. The data presented herein show that p38delta has many properties that are similar to those of other p38 group members. Nonetheless important differences exist among the four members of the p38 group of enzymes, and thus each may have highly specific, individual contributions to biologic events involving activation of the p38 pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. jhan@scripps.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Padova
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulevitch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000201:enzymology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases