title: Idiopathic chronic hiccup: combination therapy with cisapride, omeprazole, and baclofen.
abstract: Idiopathic chronic hiccup (ICH) is defined as recurring hiccup attacks that last for longer than an arbitrary time limit (eg, 1 month) and for which no organic cause can be found. In patients with ICH, therapy is largely empiric. For practical purposes, idiopathic hiccup can be assumed to have its origin either in the viscera (gastrointestinal tract) or in the central nervous system. Cisapride and omeprazole--through reduction of gastric acid production and facilitation of gastric emptying, respectively--are thought to reduce an assumed afferent input from the periphery to a putative supraspinal hiccup center. Baclofen is thought to reduce excitability and depress reflex hiccup activity. Fifteen male patients (mean [+/- SD] age, 68.2 +/- 11.6 years) who had recurring hiccup attacks for a mean duration of 100.8 +/- 134.1 months (range, 12 to 564 months) were treated for ICH with a combination of cisapride, omeprazole, and baclofen (COB). Therapy led to a total disappearance of hiccup in 40% (6 of 15) of the treated patients. An additional 20% (3 of 15) of patients experienced substantial relief. A Mann-Whitney rank order test showed a highly significant reduction in the severity of the hiccup attacks as reflected in the subjective assessment scale scores taken before therapy (8.6 +/- 1.3) compared with those taken after 20 weeks of therapy (4.1 +/- 3.8). Thus we concluded that COB is an effective empiric therapy in at least some patients with ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petroianu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petroianu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bergler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rüfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001418:Baclofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020117:Cisapride; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006606:Hiccup / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012647:Self-Assessment; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D010880:Piperidines; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D001418:Baclofen; D009853:Omeprazole; D020117:Cisapride