title: VLCD plus dietary and behavioural support versus support alone in the treatment of severe obesity. A randomised two-year clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether 12 initial weeks on a Very Low Calorie Diet (VLCD) included in a two-year support program is associated with better long term weight loss maintenance than a dietary and behavioural support program alone. Additionally, to identify characteristics associated with successful treatment or attrition, which can be used in selecting individuals likely to respond to VLCD-programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two Swedish out-patient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  113 obese men and women aged 37-58 y, body mass index (BMI) > 32.0 kg/m2, participating in the Swedish Obese Subjects-(SOS) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One group received VLCD for 12 initial weeks plus regular dietary and behavioural support over two years while the other group received two years of the same supportive program only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight loss after two years treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment groups maintained highly significant weight losses at two years but the initial VLCD-treatment appeared to have given no significant long term benefit compared to the supportive program. Examination of selected demographic, psychosocial and dietary characteristics showed that the VLCD-approach was more effective than the supportive strategy alone in men and possibly in individuals sharing household with only one person. High initial hunger-score was associated with attrition, irrespective of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A VLCD-program including long term dietary and behavioural support is a successful treatment for some severely obese subjects, especially men. Further research should be directed towards matching treatments to individuals in order to improve the high recidivism rates generally following weight loss attempts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lissner
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindroos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kruijer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss