title: Trial of chlorhexidine gluconate for fungal corneal ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suppurative corneal ulcers due to filamentous fungi are a serious and intractable problem in many tropical developing countries. In vitro studies and a small pilot study have shown that chlorhexidine gluconate is effective. The aim was to establish the optimum concentration which would be appropriate to use in a larger randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A masked randomized clinical trial of three concentrations of chlorhexidine compared with natamycin 5% was carried out in consecutive patients with established corneal ulcers shown by microscopy to contain fungal hyphae and later proven to be culture positive. Topical treatments were applied 1/2-hourly to 2-hourly for up to 5 days, with reduced frequency thereafter, and all patients were re-assessed at 21 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 60 patients entered in the trial, 2 were lost to follow-up, and 12 were classified as 'severe' with little prospect of recovery. At 5 days the response was related to the concentration of chlorhexidine, with 0.2% giving the best results. Compared with the response to natamycin as the referent, the relative efficacy was 1.17 with chlorhexidine 0.05%, 1.43 with 0.1%, and 2.00 with 0.2%. The superiority of 0.2% chlorhexidine over natamycin was statistically significant (relative efficacy 2.20, p = 0.043) in patients not having had prior antifungal treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study justifies further trials of chlorhexidine as a primary treatment for fungal corneal ulcers in circumstances where specific antifungal agents are not available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, St. George's Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Minassian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003315:Cornea / Q000382:microbiology; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010866:Natamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010866:Natamycin; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine