title: Adaptive lipid metabolism after ileal autotransplantation in pigs with proximal gut resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplantation of the small intestine impairs intestinal absorptive function, but the adaptive response of a segmental graft is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ileal autotransplantation on the adaptive absorption and metabolism of lipids in pigs that had undergone proximal gut resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum lipids, plasma vitamins A and E, absorption and excretion of cholesterol, bile acids and fat, plasma cholesterol precursor and plant sterol proportions to cholesterol (respective markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption), enteric structure, and transit were determined 4, 8, and 14 weeks after 75% proximal resection with (n = 15) or without (n = 15) autotransplantation of the remaining ileum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with pigs that underwent proximal gut resection, the additional autotransplantation reduced the adaptive increase in total serum and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma plant sterol proportions and vitamin E concentrations, cholesterol and fat absorption efficiency, and villus height (p < 0.05 for all) during the 14 postoperative weeks and resulted in increases of up to 4.6, 2.7, 1.3, and 2.1 times the plasma cholesterol precursors (p < 0.005), fecal excretion of bile acids (p < 0.0005), neutral steroids (p < 0.005), and net elimination of cholesterol (p < 0.0005), respectively. Cholesterol and fat absorption and plasma plant sterols were significantly enhanced between 8 and 14 weeks after autotransplantation (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas fecal elimination of cholesterol remained increased until the end of the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autotransplantation of the ileum in pigs that have undergone proximal small bowel resection disturbs the adaptive absorption of cholesterol, bile acids, fat, and fat-soluble vitamins, resulting, through increased fecal elimination of cholesterol, in decreased serum cholesterol despite a marked compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pakarinen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuusanmäki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lauronen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raivio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halttunen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013261:Sterols / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D013261:Sterols; D014280:Triglycerides; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol