title: Aspirin therapy for cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Aspirin is a widely used and effective antithrombotic agent. Recent studies suggest that aspirin's anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via inhibition of an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase in inflammatory cells (COX-2) and through blockade of the nuclear transcription factor, NF-kappa B. The optimal dose of aspirin for most clinical situations is 75 to 325 mg/d, but debate continues as to whether higher doses are needed to prevent cerebral ischemia. Aspirin is very effective for inhibition of platelet-mediated thrombosis at sites of vascular injury but does not reduce restenosis after coronary angioplasty or carotid endarterectomy, nor does it prevent a first stroke. Combined therapy with warfarin and aspirin has been shown to limit systemic embolic in high-risk patients with artificial heart valves, but at the cost of increased bleeding. A new aspirin derivative is currently being developed that appears to stimulate platelet nitric oxide release, inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and lower gastric toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Pathology, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Goodnight
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin