title: Emerging technological bases for retrospective dosimetry.
abstract: In this article we discuss examples of challenging problems in retrospective dosimetry and describe some promising solutions. The ability to make measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry and luminescence techniques promises to provide improved dosimetry for regions of Belarus, Ukraine and Russian Federation contaminated by radionuclides from the Chernobyl accident. In addition, it may soon be possible to resolve the large neutron discrepancy in the dosimetry system for Hiroshima through novel measurement techniques that can be used to reconstruct the fast-neutron fluence emitted by the bomb some 51 years ago. Important advances in molecular cytogenetics and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements have produced biodosimeters that show potential in retrospective dosimetry. The most promising of these are the frequency of reciprocal translocations measured in chromosomes of blood lymphocytes using fluorescence in situ hybridization and the electron paramagnetic resonance signal in tooth enamel.
authors.affiliation: Health and Ecological Assessment Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Straume
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Anspaugh
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Haskell
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Likhtarev
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Chumak
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Romanyukha
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Khrouch
authors.lastname: Gavrilin YuI
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Minenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D005214:Fast Neutrons; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007564:Japan; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D009688:Nuclear Reactors; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011210:Power Plants; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D011874:Radiometry; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D014455:Ukraine
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes