title: Menadione induces both necrosis and apoptosis in rat pancreatic acinar AR4-2J cells.
abstract: This study evaluated the action of menadione on cell proliferation and integrity of the rat pancreatic acinar cell line, AR4-2J. Menadione at 1-20 microM dose- and time-dependently inhibited cell proliferation of AR4-2J cells. In contrast, a high concentration of menadione (100 microM) caused rapid cell death (> 90% of cells took up trypan blue within 4-h). While the high concentration of menadione (100 microM) induced DNA smear in electrophoresis indicative of necrosis, lower concentrations (10-20 microM) induced a DNA ladder indicative of apoptosis. Similar results were obtained using a DNA fragmentation ELISA. Glutathione (1 mM), the calcium chelator EGTA (500 microM), and the cysteine protease inhibitor NCO-700 (5 mM) partly inhibited the effect of 1-10 microM menadione on cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation. Menadione at 1-20 microM induced wild-type P53, whereas the 100 microM menadione had a minor effect on wild-type P53. It is concluded that menadione induced necrosis at high concentrations and apoptosis at low concentrations in AR4-2J cells. Apoptosis induced by lower concentrations of menadione may be mediated by wild-type P53, intracellular calcium, and mechanisms which decrease the intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany. beaglen@t3.rim.or.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klonowski-Stumpe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niederau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D009336:Necrosis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014812:Vitamin K