title: Activation of the human transglutaminase 1 promoter in transgenic mice: terminal differentiation-specific expression of the TGM1-lacZ transgene in keratinized stratified squamous epithelia.
abstract: Transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1) is a tissue-specific enzyme which is expressed in the keratinized stratified squamous epithelia and which catalyzes straightepsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-links of proteins to form the cell envelope at the periphery of cornified cells. A transient expression assay using a luciferase reporter gene linked to the 2.5 kb 5' upstream region of the human TGase 1 gene (TGM1) showed phorbol ester-responsive promoter activity in cultured normal human keratinocytes. To assess its promoter activity in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) directed by the 5' upstream region. beta-Galactosidase histochemistry revealed that the TGM1-lacZ transgene was expressed in terminally differentiating keratinocytes in upper layers of stratified squamous epithelia in embryonic, neonatal and adult transgenic mice. The expression pattern was similar to that of endogenous TGase 1 mRNA detected by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, topical application of a phorbol ester to adult tail skin enhanced expression of the transgene as well as TGase 1 mRNA in the epidermis. Thus, the 2.5 kb 5' upstream sequence of TGM1 includes elements regulating tissue- and terminal differentiation-specific gene expression in stratified squamous epithelia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019076:Transgenes; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate