title: Subjective, psychomotor, cognitive, and analgesic effects of subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sevoflurane is a volatile general anesthetic that differs in chemical nature from the gaseous anesthetic nitrous oxide. In a controlled laboratory setting, the authors characterized the subjective, psychomotor, and analgesic effects of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide at two equal minimum alveolar subanesthetic concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crossover design was used to test the effects of two end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane (0.3% and 0.60%), two end-tidal concentrations of nitrous oxide (15% and 30%) that were equal in minimum alveolar concentration to that of sevoflurane, and placebo (100% oxygen) in 12 healthy volunteers. The volunteers inhaled one of these concentrations of sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, or placebo for 35 min. Dependent measures included subjective, psychomotor, and physiologic effects, and pain ratings measured during a cold-water test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sevoflurane produced a greater degree of amnesia, psychomotor impairment, and drowsiness than did equal minimum alveolar concentrations of nitrous oxide. Recovery from sevoflurane and nitrous oxide effects was rapid. Nitrous oxide but not sevoflurane had analgesic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane and nitrous oxide produced different profiles of subjective, behavioral, and cognitive effects, with sevoflurane, in general, producing an overall greater magnitude of effect. The differences in effects between sevoflurane and nitrous oxide are consistent with the differences in their chemical nature and putative mechanisms of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Galinkin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janiszewski
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Klafta
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Klock
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Coalson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Apfelbaum
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zacny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide