title: Role of surgery in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: results of 27 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of resectional surgery as an adjuvant therapy in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 27 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis underwent resectional surgery between 1993 and 1996. The lesions were bilateral in 16 cases, with a preponderance of cavities on one side. Out of 27 cases, 5 patients had unilaterally destroyed lung; 20 patients underwent pneumonectomy (15 left, 5 right). Lobectomy operations included bilobectomy superior (n = 1), right lower lobectomy (n = 2), right upper lobectomy (n = 3), and left upper lobectomy with superior segmentectomy (n = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Because of haemorrhage, 2 cases who underwent a right and left pneumonectomy, respectively, required revision on the first day . Bronchopleural fistula was found in 2 cases with left pneumonectomy. Apical residual space was left in one of the 3 patients who underwent right upper lobectomy. Retreatment protocols resulted in negative cultures and smears in all patients with an average duration of 4 months (1-6 months). A total of 4 patients (16%) completed a retreatment period of 18-24 months with negative cultures. Only 1 patient (3.7%) developed relapse in the 17th month of retreatment. Patients with negative cultures numbered 22 and continued receiving retreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that surgical management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, combined with chemotherapy, provides a more favourable outcome than that obtained with medical therapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Süreyyapasa Center for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kir
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tahaoğlu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okur
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatipoğlu
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents