title: Catatonia and other motor syndromes in a chronically hospitalized psychiatric population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the motor characteristics of chronic catatonia, catatonia and other motor disorders were systematically rated in a long-term hospitalized sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronically hospitalized psychiatric inpatients (N = 42) with a clinical diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia (295.2X) were rated for catatonia with a novel 23-item catatonia rating scale, and for parkinsonism, dyskinesia and akathisia using standard rating scales with scale-based criteria for case definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catatonia was the sole motor syndrome in nine cases (21%), co-existed with parkinsonism in five (12%), tardive dyskinesia in four (10%), and both parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia in 10 (24%). There was no correlation between total scores across the four rating scales. 'Rigidity' was the sole catatonic sign which overlapped with other scales. The symptom profile of catatonia in this chronic sample was similar to previous reports based on acutely ill patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catatonia is distinguishable from other motor disorders in chronic psychiatric patients using the 23-item catatonia rating scale. The features of chronic catatonia are described, and the distribution of catatonic signs is similar for chronic and acute catatonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY at Stony Brook 11794, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrides
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010343:Patient Admission; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012560:Schizophrenia, Catatonic / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents