title: The innocent heart murmur in children.
abstract: Most children have an audible murmur at some point from infancy through adolescence. Fortunately most of these murmurs are innocent. These murmurs are asymptomatic and require no follow-up care. On the other hand, pathologic murmurs are symptomatic and do require assessment by a pediatric cardiologist. Referrals are not only anxiety-provoking for the family but are also costly. The pediatric nurse practitioner must therefore be able to differentiate between the innocent and pathologic murmur. Auscultation of heart sounds is the most effective method used to assess murmurs. Given that innocent murmurs are asymptomatic, they require minimal follow-up care, and the expected outcome for a child with the diagnosis of such a murmur is excellent.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006326:Heart Auscultation; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006337:Heart Murmurs / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing; D006347:Heart Sounds; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010371:Pediatric Nursing