title: A new experimental model: the vascular pedicled cutaneous flap over the mid-dorsum of the rat.
abstract: The cutaneous vascular anatomy of the mid-dorsum in the rat and its role in flap design was studied in the rat. The investigation consisted of anatomic dissection, methylene blue injection into the axial artery, and flap harvesting in live animals. Dissection and injection revealed that the mid-dorsum of the rat derives its blood supply largely from the 10th intercostal artery, here referred to as the middle dorsal artery, which originates from the lateral aspect of the thoracic aorta. The cutaneous vascular territory of the middle dorsal artery was defined as follows: the medial border, midline of the dorsum; the lateral border, midaxillary line; the cephalic border, a line joining the medial and lateral borders midway between the level of the axilla proximally and 1 cm above the base of the rib cage distally; and the caudal border, a line drawn midway between the latter point proximally and the anterior superior iliac spine distally. Both unilateral and bilateral vascular pedicled island cutaneous flaps were harvested in living rats based on and exceeding the vascular territory delimited by methylene blue injection. Flaps limited to this territory with intact middle dorsal arteries showed total survival, while oversized flaps underwent partial necrosis peripherally. Because of its simplicity, reliability, and consistent vascularity, this flap has potential applications in the study of flap hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Restifo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006085:Graft Survival; D008751:Methylene Blue; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013909:Thorax
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue