title: Detection of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the blood by the polymerase chain reaction method of treated bladder cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation, we attempted to detect BCG in the blood using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and correlate these findings with the occurrence of major complications due to this treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravesical BCG immunotherapy was given to 22 consecutive patients with superficial bladder tumors. In 2 patients the BCG instillation had to be discontinued due to serious side effects of therapy. Blood samples (252 aliquots) were obtained from 126 BCG courses in 22 cases, and 2 additional samples (4 aliquots) were obtained from 1 patient 1 and 3 months after cessation of therapy. All blood samples were analyzed by the PCR technique for detection of deoxyribonucleic acid tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 126 blood samples 9 (7.1%) were PCR positive for M. tuberculosis. These 9 positive samples belonged to 3 patients, all of whom were among those 4 patients who had major clinical side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that rapid and sensitive detection of mycobacteremia by PCR correlated with the clinical course of these patients. We also demonstrated that PCR can be used to monitor BCG in the blood after antituberculous therapy. The early, fast and accurate diagnosis of BCG in the blood by PCR may alter the serious clinical course of these patients by initiation of specific treatment early. However, further extensive studies are needed to validate these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Infectious Disease, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bilen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Remzi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine