title: Alpha2-adrenergic receptor blockade markedly potentiates duloxetine- and fluoxetine-induced increases in noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin levels in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats.
abstract: Evidence exists that a reinforcement in monoaminergic transmission in the frontal cortex (FCX) is associated with antidepressant (AD) properties. Herein, we examined whether blockade of alpha2-adrenergic receptors modified the influence of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on FCX levels of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NAD), and dopamine (DA). The selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist S 18616 (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) suppressed extracellular levels of NAD, DA, and 5-HT (by 100, 51, and 63%, respectively) in single dialysates of FCX of freely moving rats. In contrast, the selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists atipamezole (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) and 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP; 2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) increased levels of NAD (by 180 and 185%, respectively) and DA (by 130 and 90%, respectively), without affecting 5-HT levels. Duloxetine (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.), a mixed inhibitor of 5-HT and NAD reuptake, and fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, both increased levels of 5-HT (by 150 and 120%, respectively), NAD (by 400 and 100%, respectively), and DA (by 115 and 55%, respectively). Atipamezole (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) markedly potentiated the influence of duloxetine and fluoxetine on levels of 5-HT (by 250 and 330%, respectively), NAD (by 1,030 and 215%, respectively), and DA (by 370 and 170%, respectively). 1-PP similarly potentiated the influence of duloxetine on 5-HT, NAD, and DA levels (by 290, 1,320, and 600%, respectively). These data demonstrate that alpha2-adrenergic receptors tonically inhibit NAD and DA and phasically inhibit 5-HT release in the FCX and that blockade of alpha2-adrenergic receptors strikingly potentiates the increase in FCX levels of 5-HT, NAD, and DA elicited by reuptake inhibitors. Concomitant alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonism and inhibition of monoamine uptake may thus provide a mechanism allowing for a marked increase in the efficacy of AD agents.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Department, Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy, Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gobert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rivet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cistarelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melon
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Millan
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D004298:Dopamine; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005473:Fluoxetine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes