title: The effects of transdermal oestradiol and oral progestogens on haemostasis variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of 1 g (1 mg oestradiol) transdermal oestradiol gel continuously combined with 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate orally 12 days either monthly or every third month on haemostasis variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open, parallel stratified study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 peri- and postmenopausal women less than 65 years of age participated in this study. Twenty-seven women, who had from 2 months to 3 years since their last period were included in group I. Twenty-one women, who were more than 3 years postmenopausal, comprised group II.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following parameters were determined: von Willebrand factor antigen, factor VII antigen, fibrinogen, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complex and platelets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both regimens decreased fibrinogen, factor VII antigen as well as antithrombin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These changes were mainly 'in an anti-thrombotic direction'. The overall impression is that the transdermally administered oestrogen in combination with an oral progestogen induced favourable, although slight changes in the haemostatic system. The possible influence of these changes on the risk of cardiovascular disease remains yet to be studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: U B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tengborn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rita
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bäckström
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005167:Factor VII / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D004958:Estradiol; D005167:Factor VII; D005340:Fibrinogen; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator