title: HLA and cross-reactive antigen group matching for cadaver kidney allocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allocation of cadaver kidneys by graded human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility scoring arguably has had little effect on overall survival while prejudicing the transplant candidacy of African-American and other hard to match populations. Consequently, matching has been proposed of deduced amino acid residues of the individual HLA molecules shared by cross-reactive antigen groups (CREGs). We have examined the circumstances under which compatibility with either method impacted graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling, we studied the relationship between levels of conventional HLA mismatch and other donor and recipient factors on primary cadaver kidney survival between 1981 and 1995 at the University of Pittsburgh (n=1,780) and in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Scientific Registry during 1991-1995 (n=31,291). The results were compared with those obtained by the matching of amino acid residues that identified CREG-compatible cases with as many as four (but not five and six) HLA mismatches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With more than one HLA mismatch (> 85% of patients in both series), most of the survival advantage of a zero mismatch was lost. None of the HLA loci were "weak." In the UNOS (but not Pittsburgh) category of one-HLA mismatch (n=1334), a subgroup of CREG-matched recipients (35.3%) had better graft survival than the remaining 64.7%, who were CREG-mismatched. There was no advantage of a CREG match in the two- to four-HLA incompatibility tiers. Better graft survival with tacrolimus was observed in both the Pittsburgh and UNOS series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obligatory national sharing of cadaver kidneys is justifiable only for zero-HLA-mismatched kidneys. The potential value of CREG matching observed in the one-HLA-mismatched recipients of the UNOS (but not the Pittsburgh) experience deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliasziw
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gjertson
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trucco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scantlebury
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D002102:Cadaver; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens