title: The intercarpal ligaments of the equine midcarpal joint, Part 3: Clinical observations in 32 racing horses with midcarpal joint disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical features of intercarpal ligament pathology and to determine the relationship among palmar intercarpal ligament tearing, dorsomedial intercarpal ligament (DMICL) hypertrophy, and other intraarticular lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical observations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight thoroughbred and four standardbred race horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, radiographic, and arthroscopic examination of 53 midcarpal joints of 32 horses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palmar intercarpal ligament tearing was observed in 30 joints of 22 horses. Some tearing of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL) was present in 27 joints of 20 horses, and tearing of the lateral palmar intercarpal ligament in 9 joints of 7 horses. There was no correlation between the severity of clinical signs recorded and the degree of MPICL tearing. Joints with grade 2-4 MPICL tearing had significantly less cartilage and bone damage than joints with grade 1 or no ligament damage (P < .05). There was a significant inverse relationship between the number and size of intra-articular fractures, as assessed radiographically, and ligament damage (R = -.31). The DMICL was identified in all joints, and in 18 joints the ligament was enlarged. There was a significant correlation between MPICL damage and hypertrophy of the DMICL (R = .35). There was no correlation between DMICL hypertrophy and articular cartilage damage or subchondral bone damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe subchondral bone and MPICL damage rarely occur in the same joint and DMICL hypertrophy may be associated with, rather than a cause of, joint disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no clinical or radiographic findings that will differentiate intercarpal ligament injury from other carpal injuries. Diagnosis is only possible by arthroscopic examination of the midcarpal joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Whitton
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kannegieter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013177:Sports