title: Effects of exogenous melatonin administration and withdrawal in five patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ready availability of exogenous melatonin means that its use in patients with mood disorders is probably not uncommon. Nonetheless, few controlled trials of exogenous melatonin in these patients have been conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with rapid-cycling DSM-III-R bipolar disorder were treated with melatonin 10 mg q.d. at 10:00 p.m. for 12 weeks. Melatonin was added to a stable regimen of medication and administered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Melantonin administration had no positive effects. One patient developed a free-running (unentrained) sleep-wake cycle after melatonin withdrawal. In addition, in both this and a second patient, there is evidence that the administration of exogenous melatonin may have suppressed the secretion of endogenous melatonin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of melatonin had no significant effects on mood or sleep. However, melatonin withdrawal delayed sleep onset time and may have had some mild mood-elevating effects.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892-1390, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feldman-Naim
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wehr
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D008550:Melatonin