title: Mucosal immunization with recombinant adenoviruses: induction of immunity and protection of cotton rats against respiratory bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection.
abstract: To facilitate the evaluation of vaccines against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), a cotton rat model of intranasal (i.n.) BHV-1 infection was established. Cotton rat lung cells were similar to bovine cells in their ability to support BHV-1 replication in vitro. Furthermore, i.n. inoculation of cotton rats with BHV-1 resulted in pulmonary lesions comparable to BHV-1 infection in cattle. Using this model, the potential of i.n. and gastrointestinal (g.i.) immunization was examined with recombinant human adenoviruses expressing glycoprotein D (gD) of BHV-1 to induce protective immunity against BHV-1. The replication-competent virus (gD-dE3) was more efficient than the replication-defective virus (gD-dE1E3) in inducing gD-specific antibody in the serum and in the respiratory tract. Furthermore, i.n. immunization with gD-dE3 stimulated antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells in the lung 12 weeks following immunization. Protection against BHV-1 challenge correlated with gD-specific antibody levels such that i.n. immunization with gD-dE3 conferred complete protection, while g.i. immunization conferred only partial protection of the lungs of most animals against BHV-1 challenge. In comparison, immunization with gD-dE1E3 by either route resulted in only a partial reduction of BHV-1 titre in the respiratory tract. The results obtained demonstrate that mucosal immunization with replication-competent recombinant adenovirus expressing gD of BHV-1 can induce immunity and protection against BHV-1 challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Babiuk
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baca-Estrada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D016205:Sigmodontinae; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines