title: Carbon dioxide field flooding minimizes residual intracardiac air after open heart operations.
abstract: Transesophageal echocardiographic studies were used to monitor the presence of air bubbles in the heart after open heart operations. After cardiac valvular procedures all 22 patients managed with careful deairing procedures had persistence of air bubbles for at least 30 minutes and usually for 45 minutes. In 56 patients with CO2 field flooding, all foam disappeared in less than 1 minute in 48 patients and the remaining 8 had complete disappearance in 1 to 24 minutes. These observations demonstrate the ineffectiveness of the usual deairing maneuvers and the effectiveness of CO2 field flooding in displacing air.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans 70112-2822, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Helmcke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camino-Lopez
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Munfakh
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Moulder
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D006321:Heart; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide