title: Elevated interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in pediatric sepsis syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure plasma levels of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-Ira), and tumor necrosis factor alpha in children with sepsis syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study of 14 patients aged 5 months to 13 years with sepsis syndrome admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and at a 12, 24, and 48 hours and compared with the levels of 21 age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pediatric risk of mortality score was 16.1. Bacterial and viral sepsis was confirmed in five and three patients, respectively. Compared with the levels in the control subjects (mean level of IL-Ira: 654 pg/ml), the IL-Ira levels were elevated in the septic patients, with mean values of 17855 (p < 0.001), 12771 (p < 0.001), 9182 (p < 0.01), and 2296 pg/ml (p = not significant) at baseline and at 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The IL-Ira level was greater than 1000-fold higher than the IL-1 beta level at all time points in 13 of 14 septic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the time of hospital admission, circulating IL-Ira levels in a cohort of children with sepsis syndrome were at concentrations known to block IL-1 receptors. Thus additional benefit from exogenous IL-Ira therapy would be questionable. Further studies are indicated to determine whether there is a population of patients with sepsis who could benefit from administration of exogenous IL-Ira.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: U D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Creery
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diaz-Mitoma
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004770:Enterovirus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus; D008297:Male; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha