title: Intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation and length of hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation improves outcome and shortens hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing conventional intraoperative fluid management with repeated colloid fluid challenges monitored by oesophageal Doppler ultrasonography to maintain maximal stroke volume throughout the operative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital, London.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients undergoing repair of proximal femoral fracture under general anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive either conventional intraoperative fluid management (control patients) or additional repeated colloid fluid challenges with oesophageal Doppler ultrasonography used to maintain maximal stroke volume throughout the operative period (protocol patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  Time declared medically fit for hospital discharge, duration of hospital stay (in acute bed; in acute plus long stay bed), mortality, perioperative haemodynamic changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative intravascular fluid loading produced significantly greater changes in stroke volume (median 15 ml (95% confidence interval 10 to 21 ml)) and cardiac output (1.2 l/min (0.1 to 2.3 l/min)) than in the conventionally managed group (-5 ml (-10 to 1 ml) and -0.4 l/min (-1.0 to 0.2 l/min)) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). One protocol patient and two control patients died in hospital. In the survivors, postoperative recovery was significantly faster in the protocol patients, with shorter times to being declared medically fit for discharge (median 10 (9 to 15) days v 15 (11 to 40) days, P < 0.05) and a 39% reduction in hospital stay (12 (8 to 13) days v 20 (10 to 61) days, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal femoral fracture repair constitutes surgery in a high risk population. Intraoperative intravascular volume loading to optimal stroke volume resulted in a more rapid postoperative recovery and a significantly reduced hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001810:Blood Volume; D003102:Colloids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007902:Length of Stay; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids