title: Serum phospholipid fatty acid composition and habitual intake of marine foods registered by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between consumption of fish and fish products registered by a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire and the composition of fatty acids in serum phospholipids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-section study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular screening centre in Trondheim, Mid-Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 256 eligible women 242 agreed to participate in the present study. Altogether 234 middle-aged women (91.4%) completed the questionnaire and gave a valid blood sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total frequency consumption of fish for dinner showed only weak association with serum phospholipid fatty acid composition. In separate analyses of lean and fatty fish, consumption of fatty fish was negatively associated with n-6 and positively associated with n-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids, while no significant associations were found for lean fish consumption. Cod liver oil consumption was strongly related to the phospholipid fatty acid composition. The associations improved moderately when adding portion size information. Spearman's correlation coefficient between dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and serum phospholipid EPA was 0.58, and Spearman's correlation coefficient between intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and serum phospholipid DHA was 0.53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that in populations with a high consumption of fish and cod liver oil, habitual intake can be reflected in serum phospholipids. However, as the fat content of fish is highly variable, separate registration of lean and fatty fish consumption is needed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjartåker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bjerve
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003060:Cod Liver Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005396:Fish Products; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010743:Phospholipids; D003060:Cod Liver Oil