title: Adrenergic control of the force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise-induced enhancement of the force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relations has been studied in conscious animals but not in intact diseased human hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated left ventricular (LV) isovolumic contraction (dP/dt(max)) and relaxation (tau) during atrial pacing and dynamic exercise in 13 patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 7 control subjects to investigate the influence of exercise on the force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relations. Group A consisted of 6 patients in whom the heart rate (HR)-dP/dt(max) relation was markedly enhanced during exercise (88+/-30%) compared with during pacing (34+/-15%). Group B consisted of 7 patients in whom the HR-dP/dt(max) relation showed similar enhancement during exercise (28+/-7%) and atrial pacing (28+/-11%). There was no difference in the HR-tau (derivative method [TD] and pressure half-time method [T(1/2)]) relation between pacing and exercise in groups A and B. Both the mean maximal wall thickness and the hypertrophy score in group B were greater than in group A (27+/-5 versus 19+/-2 mm and 7+/-1 versus 5+/-1 points, respectively; both P<.01). There was no difference in the LV peak systolic pressure, end-diastolic pressure, or the plasma level of catecholamines at baseline, at 50 W of exercise, and at peak pacing between groups A and B. The HR-dP/dt(max) relation in the control group was markedly enhanced during exercise (80+/-27%) compared with during pacing (32+/-14%). The HR-tau relation in the control group was enhanced during exercise (TD, 35+/-9%; T(1/2), 34+/-8%) compared with during pacing (TD, 12+/-7%; T(1/2), 14+/-7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise-induced enhancement of the relaxation-frequency relation was inhibited in all HCM patients, regardless of the degree of LV hypertrophy. The patients without exercise-induced enhancement of the force-frequency relation had more severe LV hypertrophy than the patients with the enhancement, indicating that the adrenergic control of the force-frequency relation may, at least in part, depend on the severity of LV hypertrophy or the stage of HCM.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeichi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D002118:Calcium