title: Bacterial ghosts as multifunctional vaccine particles.
abstract: Expression of cloned PhiX174 gene E in Gram-negative bacteria results in lysis of the bacteria by formation of an E-specific transmembrane tunnel structure built through the cell envelope complex. Bacterial ghosts have been produced from a variety of bacteria including Escherichia coli. Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Helicobacter pylori. Such ghosts are used as non-living candidate vaccines and represent an alternative to heat or chemically inactivated bacteria. In recombinant ghosts, foreign proteins can be inserted into the inner membrane prior to E-mediated lysis via specific N-, or C-, or N- and C-terminal anchor sequences. The export of proteins into the periplasmic space or the expression of recombinant S-layer proteins vastly extents the capacity of ghosts or recombinant ghosts as carriers of foreign epitopes or proteins. Oral, aerogenic or parenteral applications of (recombinant) ghosts in experimental animals induced specific humoral and cellular immune responses against bacterial and target components including protective mucosal immunity. The most relevant advantage of ghosts and recombinant bacterial ghosts as immunogens is that no inactivation procedures that denature relevant immunogenic determinants are employed in the production of ghosts used as vaccines or as carriers of relevant antigens. The inserted target antigens into the inner membrane or into S-layer proteins are not limited in size.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Szostak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Truppe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Eko
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marchart
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jechlinger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haidinger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dehlin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katinger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haslberger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lubitz
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D010584:Bacteriophage phi X 174 / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015195:Drug Design; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic