title: Apparent decrease in population clearance of theophylline: implications for dosage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Having observed in recent years that the theophylline dose requirements needed to attain peak serum concentrations of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml infrequently reached previously described mean values, we hypothesized that a downward shift in the range of dose requirements had occurred among patients with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined dosage requirements needed to attain peak serum concentrations of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml in all patients with chronic asthma treated with theophylline by the Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonary Clinic at the University of Iowa from 1990 to 1994 (n = 300) and at the Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic at the University of Florida from 1992 to 1995 (n = 93). We then compared these doses to previous dose requirements from 1978 to 1983 determined in the same manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite similar mean peak serum concentrations during both time periods (14 micrograms/ml), mean theophylline dosage requirements during the period of this study were approximately 25% lower among all age groups than those previously observed (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in mean dosage requirements between the Iowa and Florida patients in any age group examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theophylline dose requirements needed to attain serum concentrations of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml have decreased significantly from those on which current dosing recommendations are based. This suggests a decrease in mean clearance of the population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Asmus
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milavetz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marshik
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Teresi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hendeles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D001835:Body Weight; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D013806:Theophylline