title: Reports of hypoglycaemia associated with the use of ACE inhibitors and other drugs: a case/non-case study in the French pharmacovigilance system database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the existence of an association between reports of hypoglycaemia and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, in a spontaneous reports database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The French Pharmacovigilance database was examined for an association between adverse drug reaction reports mentioning hypoglycaemia, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) using the case/non-case methodology, with reports of hypoglycaemia as cases and all other reports as comparators. The association between ACEI or other chosen drugs and hypoglycaemia was also tested in the subgroups of patients taking or not antidiabetic agents (ADA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  428 of 93,338 reports mentioned hypoglycaemia (202/2227 with ADA (OR 40, 95% CI 33-48)). 46/5717 reports mentioned ACEI (OR 1.8 (1.25-2.54)). Other study drugs associated with hypoglycaemia were cibenzoline (OR 80 (57-112)), disopyramide (OR 32 (22-46)), nifedipine (OR 2.16 (1.32-3.51)), diltiazem (OR 1.76 (1.01-3.06)) nitrates (nitroglycerin, molsidomine) (OR 1.91 (1.16-3.16)) and frusemide (OR 1.89 (1.31-1.76)), but not nicardipine, amlodipine, felodipine or nitrendipine, diazepam, atenolol or combination thiazide diuretics. However, ACEI and other drugs were associated with ADA, so that in the subgroups of patients taking or not ADA, the association of ACEI with hypoglycaemia disappeared (OR 0.9 (0.5-1.4) and 1.2 (0.7-2.2), respectively). The same was found for other drugs except cibenzoline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between reporting of hypoglycaemia and ACE inhibitors was related to concomitant use of antidiabetic agents. This was true also for other drugs used in arterial disease or renal failure, such as calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and frusemide.
authors.affiliation: French Pharmacovigilance System, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre at Rouen, French Medicines Agency, Paris.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kreft-Jais
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haramburu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noblet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrejak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ollagnier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bégaud
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors