title: Prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer refractory to endocrine therapy: univariate and multivariate analyses including doubling times of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase.
abstract: Although several prognostic factors have been discussed, multivariate analysis that includes tumor marker doubling time has not yet been examined in patients with prostate cancer refractory to endocrine therapy. A number of conventional prognostic factors including doubling times of prostate-specific antigen and/or prostatic acid phosphatase were examined in 56 prostate cancer patients who were refractory to endocrine therapy, using univariate and multivariate analyses. On univariate analysis, 6 parameters (doubling times of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase at the time of refractory status, performance status, duration from beginning of endocrine therapy to prostate-specific antigen/prostatic acid phosphatase failure, mode of recurrence, the presence or absence of prostate-specific antigen/prostatic acid phosphatase normalization, and alkaline phosphatase) were shown to be significant prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, only performance status and doubling times of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase were significant. These observations showed that the doubling times of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, calculated at the time of prostate-specific antigen/prostatic acid phosphatase failure by estimating serial prostate-specific antigen or prostatic acid phosphatase, were a valuable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer refractory to endocrine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inomiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akakura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048289:Imidazolidines; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood; D009919:Orchiectomy; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004967:Estrogens; D007093:Imidazoles; D048289:Imidazolidines; D007773:Lactates; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C021277:nilutamide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D002945:Cisplatin