title: Assessment of disseminated pancreatic cancer: a comparison of traditional exploratory laparotomy and radioimmunoguided surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After curative resection for pancreatic cancer, only 10% of patients survive disease for 5 years. These dismal results suggest the presence of occult tumor at the time of initial operation. This phase I/II study was conducted to compare traditional exploratory laparotomy with radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) in the assessment of disseminated pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were injected intravenously with 1 mg CC49 monoclonal antibody radiolabeled with 2 mCi iodine 125. All patients were evaluated by a standard abdominal exploration followed by RIGS. Tumor identified by each technique was documented and categorized as neoplasm disseminated to viscera or lymphatics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 25 visceral sites of disease that were traditionally discovered at the time of exploration including pancreas, omentum, small bowel, pelvis, liver, and other. All 25 sites of disease were positive by RIGS plus an additional four sites of visceral tumor for a total of 29 RIGS positive sites of disease. Six lymphatic sites of disease were discovered by traditional examination; however, 44 sites of lymphatic sites were documented by RIGS (p < 0.001). In addition, nine traditionally and pathologically negative/RIGS positive nodes were subjected to cytokeratin and MOC 31 immunohistochemistry. Six of nine nodes were positive by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry, and five of the six cytokeratin positive nodes were MOC 31 positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the RIGS technique detected significantly more foci of visceral spread of tumor than traditional exploratory laparotomy and significantly more sites of lymphatic dissemination were identified by RIGS than by standard exploration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: LaValle
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: DeYoung
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016719:Radioimmunodetection / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007633:Keratins