title: A novel RNA motif for neomycin recognition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotics can interfere with RNA activity. Translation of RNA by the prokaryotic ribosome, self-splicing of group I introns, HIV replication and hammerhead ribozyme cleavage are inhibited by the aminoglycoside neomycin B. To explore the molecular basis by which small molecules such as antibiotics inhibit RNA function, we undertook an in vitro selection to obtain a variety of RNA molecules with the capacity to recognize neomycin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the RNA molecules selected to specifically bind neomycin share a region of nucleotide sequence homology. From chemical probing and covariations among different clones we show that in all sequences this region folds into a hairpin structure, which from footprinting and partial alkaline hydrolysis experiments is shown to be the neomycin-binding site. Neomycin is recognized with high affinity (Kd approximately equal to 100 nM) and high specificity (> 100-fold higher affinity for neomycin than for paromomycin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fact that RNAs containing the consensus sequence, as well as sequences that display variations within this region, specifically recognize neomycin suggests that a structural motif rather than a particular nucleotide sequence is required for neomycin recognition. We propose that a hairpin stem-loop structural motif, which might feature a widened major groove, may be a prerequisite for neomycin recognition. This structural pattern can be extrapolated to other natural neomycin-responsive RNAs.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Ahsen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Famulok
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001345:Autoradiography; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009355:Neomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010303:Paromomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010303:Paromomycin; D012313:RNA; D009355:Neomycin; D008274:Magnesium