title: Extremely low awareness of AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and condoms among Dai ethnic villagers in Yunnan province, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the awareness of AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), condoms, sources of health information and HIV-related societal risks among Dai villagers in southern Yunnan Province, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In November-December 1994, a cross-sectional descriptive study, comprising a questionnaire-based survey and focus group discussions, was conducted in three Dai villages in Mengla county; a total of 177 Dai villagers were interviewed in the survey and eight focus group discussions were held. Ethnographic observations provided a composite picture of HIV risks in the area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 18% of respondents had heard of AIDS, and only 25 and 28%, respectively, had heard of STDs or condoms. Furthermore, among these more aware groups, the level of knowledge was low and misconceptions were common. An ability to understand the official language (Mandarin) was the most important predictor of awareness of AIDS, other STDs or condoms. The sources of information in the three Dai villages sampled included TV, videos, radio and magazines, but only TV and videos had a large audience. Even so, these media were mostly in Mandarin and were not used in AIDS education. Travel outside of China was frequent; most villagers (77%) had traveled to Laos and 9% had traveled to Thailand. Societal risks of HIV transmission, such as an increasing incidence of STDs and an active sex industry, were observed in this area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dai villagers in southern Yunnan Province had an extremely low awareness and knowledge of AIDS, other STDs and condoms. Given the high mobility of ethnic villagers to neighboring countries in Southeast Asia and the societal risks of HIV transmission in this area, there is an urgent need to provide accessible education about AIDS and other STDs. Suggestions regarding such health education and the implications of HIV policy-making are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mandel
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D017280:Condoms; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission