title: Trefoil proteins: their role in normal and malignant cells.
abstract: The three human trefoil proteins pS2, human intestinal trefoil factor (hITF), and human spasmolytic polypeptide (hSP) are expressed principally in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. They are also expressed in a variety of other normal tissues and tumours. This review discusses the pattern of expression of trefoil proteins in cancer, current views on the biological functions of trefoil proteins, and the way in which the expression of trefoil proteins may influence the behaviour of cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, U.K.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Westley
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D006133:Growth Substances; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; C000604008:Tff2 protein, rat; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins