title: Daily practices, study performance and health during the Ramadan fast.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the effect of the Ramadan fast on daily practices (life events, diet and smoking), health and performance of 265 university students. Analysis showed that more people got involved in stress reducing (watching TV, listening to the radio and visiting) and spiritual activities (prayers and reading Kotan) during this month. They drank less caffeine-containing beverages and smoked less. Food intake appeared to improve during Ramadan with higher proportions eating foods from all food groups. The amount of foods did not differ significantly except in the case of foods from the cereal, meat and vegetable groups. Even though less, cereal consumption was still in the adequate range. Change in weight was variable. Weight loss was significantly more among the sick. A large proportion of the latter improved during the month especially those with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Reduced activity, study desire and concentration ability were reported by more than 50% of subjects.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Nutrition Dept., College of Health Sciences, Faiha, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Z E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Afifi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology