title: An outbreak of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis following consumption of oysters.
abstract: In August 1996, an outbreak of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis occurred among south-east Queensland and northern New South Wales residents over a four week period. Ninety-two of the 97 cases detected were confirmed as having consumed raw oysters within three days prior to developing the illness. No other food items or beverages were significantly associated with the illness. Environmental investigations indicated the Terranora Broadwater, Tweed Heads as the origin of the contaminated oysters. However, the primary source of Norwalk virus could not be verified. Oysters and other shellfish appear to be a common vehicle for transmission of this virus. This outbreak and the more recent hepatitis A outbreak associated with Wallis Lake oysters, highlight the susceptibility of oysters to environmental contamination and the urgent need for stricter quality control procedures. This report details the epidemiological, microbiological and environmental findings from an outbreak investigation conducted jointly by the Queensland and New South Wales health authorities.
authors.affiliation: Brisbane Southside Public Health Unit, Queensland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heymer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000821:virology*; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012758:Shellfish / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000821:virology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires