Trachoma in Saudi Arabia.
OBJECTIVE
The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and magnitude of trachoma in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate the factors that play a role in the transmission and severity of the disease.


METHODS
The samples consisted of a stratified multistage random cluster design that selected defined primary sampling units of 50-60 housing units in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan communities.


RESULTS
In 1984, evidence of trachoma (active and inactive) was found among 22.2% of the Saudi population and 6.2% of the Saudis had evidence of active trachoma. In addition, 17.4% had conjunctival scarring as a result of old trachoma, and 1.5% had entropion or trichiasis. In 1994, clinical evidence of trachoma (active and inactive) was found among 10.7% of the Saudi population while 2.6% had active trachoma. Conjunctival scarring as a result of healed trachoma was seen in 8.1% and 0.2% had entropion and trichiasis. The prevalence of trachoma in households was directly related to the presence and appearance rating of children in a household, the presence of flies, and the appearance rating of the household itself. An increase in individual risk was found among women who veil and men who use kohl.


CONCLUSIONS
This study has shown a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of active trachoma in Saudi Arabia over the past decade. The findings should serve as a basis for future plans for prevention and intervention.
Tabbara
K F
KF
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
al-Omar
O M
OM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014141:Trachoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission