title: Inlay-onlay flap urethroplasty for hypospadias and urethral stricture repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The absence of a segment of the urethral plate renders the onlay urethroplasty procedure impossible. The plate may be too short (in hypospadias), or scarred after previous repair or due to a dense urethral stricture. A modified approach with restoration of urethral plate continuity is proposed instead of the tubularized island flap associated with higher complication rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 of 20 patients with a partially deficient urethral plate the inlay-onlay preputial island flap was used. The wider part of the flap is inlaid in place of the missing plate and anastomosed to the residual plate. Formation of the urethra is then completed with standard onlay overlapping of the flap. In another 8 patients the combined (partially tubularized in advance) tube-onlay flap was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inlay-onlay flap technique was used in 3 new hypospadias patients, in 4 with a scarred, hair-bearing plate after previous operations and in 5 with virtually no urethral plate because of a dense urethral stricture. No urethral complications were encountered. Of the 8 patients undergoing the combined tube-onlay repair 3 had complications, including meatal stenosis (2) and partial dehiscence (1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inlay-onlay flap urethroplasty allows correction of complex cases of hypospadias or urethral stricture with a partially deficient urethral plate in 1 stage with a low complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General University Hospital and 1st Medical School of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kocvara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorácek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000601:surgery*