title: Simple anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a major public health problem due to its associations with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Although there are sophisticated methods, such as imaging, to document total body fat and its distributions, anthropometric measurements remain important in clinical practice. We examined the relationships between cardiovascular risk factors and the three commonest anthropometric measurements for obesity, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC), in Hong Kong Chinese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data are obtained from a prevalence survey for glucose intolerance and lipid abnormality in a representative Hong Kong Chinese working population. All employees from a public utility company and a regional hospital were invited to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 1513 subjects (910 men and 603 women, mean age +/- s.e.m.: 37.5 +/- 0.2 y). All of them had no significant past medical history.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI, WHR and WC of the 1513 subjects were assessed for their relationships with various cardiovascular risk factors. These include blood pressure, fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and insulin, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and urine albumin concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After age adjustment, all three anthropometric indexes were significantly correlated with the major cardiovascular risk factors in both men and women. When BMI, WHR and WC were analysed according to quartiles, there was a significant trend for blood pressure, plasma triglyceride, fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and insulin to increase, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol to decrease, with increasing obesity after adjustment for age and smoking. Using stepwise regression analysis with the three indexes as independent variables, most of the variance in blood pressure, plasma lipid, insulin, glucose and urinary albumin concentration were explained either by WC or WHR. In women, BMI was the main explanatory variable for reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Hong Kong Chinese, BMI, WHR and WC provide important information in assessing cardiovascular risks. In men, central adiposity as reflected by WC and to some extent, WHR, explained most of the variance in blood pressure, plasma glucose, lipid, insulin and albuminuria. In women, all three indexes reflecting general and central obesity contribute to the variance in these risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wai
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cockram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000208:ethnology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics