title: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the initial results of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB) without cardiopulmonary bypass. This is a potential alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery, recently introduced to Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective survey of patient data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Royal Melbourne Hospital campus, Melbourne, Victoria, July 1996 to June 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 23 consecutive patients to have a MIDCAB procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass via a small left thoracotomy. The left anterior descending coronary artery was revascularised with the left internal mammary artery. All patients had either recurrent stenosis after previous angioplasty or anatomy unsuitable for angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operative morbidity and mortality; graft patency; and patient symptom relief and reoperation rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 57.9 years (range, 29-81), and mean follow-up was 4.0 months (range, 1-10). There was no operative mortality, cardiac infarction or stroke. Mean postoperative stay in the Intensive Care Unit was 30.7 hours and in hospital, 5.3 days. Only one patient needed a blood transfusion (packed red cells). Initial patency of the grafts was confirmed by either angiography (five) or continuous pulse-wave Doppler (23). One patient underwent angioplasty for a stenosis distal to the anastomosis, and two patients (9%) required reoperation for recurrent angina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIDCAB can be performed safely, and patient recovery is faster than after conventional coronary artery surgery.
authors.affiliation: Private Medical Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tatoulis
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Skillington
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome