Use of octreotide in the symptomatic management of diarrhea induced by graft-versus-host disease in patients with hematologic malignancies.
OBJECTIVE
Diarrhea associated with acute gastrointestinal (GI) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can result in severe morbidity and mortality. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of octreotide in the management of diarrhea in patients with GVHD after allogeneic BMT.


METHODS
Twenty-one patients entered the study. Patients received either peripheral-blood stem cells (n = 13) or bone marrow (n = 8). Seven patients had grade 4, 13 grade 3, and one grade 2 GVHD. Intravenous (I.V.) octreotide 500 microg every 8 hours for 7 days was administered. Octreotide treatment was discontinued if no response was observed after 7 days or for grade 4 toxicity.


RESULTS
Fifteen (71%) of 21 treated patients had a complete response within 7 days of the initiation of octreotide; three (14%) had a partial response and three (14%) failed to respond to treatment. Toxicities were minimal; hyperglycemia was seen in four patients and one patient developed a partial ileus. Octreotide was discontinued and the ileus resolved within 48 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
If initiated early in the course of GI GVHD, octreotide appears to be an effective, well-tolerated agent in reducing severe voluminous diarrhea. Octreotide should be discontinued within 24 hours after the resolution of diarrhea to avoid the development of ileus. Because no additional reduction in the volume of diarrhea occurred after 7 days of therapy, continuation of the drug beyond this time is not cost effective.
Ippoliti
C
C
Department of Hematology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. cippolit@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
Champlin
R
R
Bugazia
N
N
Przepiorka
D
D
Neumann
J
J
Giralt
S
S
Khouri
I
I
Gajewski
J
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007938:Leukemia / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D015282:Octreotide