title: Intrapartum airway management for giant fetal neck masses: the EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to review our experience with the EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure in the management of five cases with life-threatening fetal neck masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a retrospective review of prenatal presentation and course, diagnostic accuracy of imaging studies, intraoperative management, complications, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polyhydramnios was the initial presenting symptom in three of five fetuses with a mean gestational age of 25 +/- 6 weeks. Preterm labor occurred in two patients. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging provided accurate diagnosis in all four cases whereas conventional ultrasonography led to the diagnosis in four of five cases. The mean duration of EXIT was 28 +/- 22 minutes. The mean venous cord blood gas values were pH 7.22 +/- 0.05, PCO2 61 +/- 11 mm Hg, and PO2 42 +/- 8 mm Hg. In four of five cases an airway was successfully secured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EXIT procedure provides up to 1 hour of good uteroplacental support and is the procedure of choice to secure an airway in the fetus with a giant neck mass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liechty
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Crombleholme
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Flake
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adzick
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013724:Teratoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal