title: Minimizing the residual oxygen in modified atmosphere packaging of bakery products.
abstract: The total elimination of air represents a serious hurdle in modified atmosphere packaging of bakery products, due both to the high spin-rates of the packaging lines and, particularly, to the typical texture of bakery products which retain large quantities of air inside their porous structure. Simulating the gas-flushing modified atmosphere packaging with laboratory equipment and measuring the oxygen concentration directly inside bread rolls, by means of a gas analyser connected with the internal portion, it was possible to follow the rate of atmosphere substitution, evaluating the effects of different baking treatments (7, 12 and 23 min at 230 degrees C) and the role played by different gases (nitrogen, argon, helium, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide). The oxygen content inside the products, plotted versus time, led to typical logistic 'dose-response' curves which made it possible to forecast the time needed to reach established values of residual oxygen concentration and to emphasize the effects of the different conditions used. The gas properties particularly affected the rate of oxygen substitution and the less water-soluble was the gas, the faster was the oxygen reduction; the larger was the gas molecule, the slower was the process. Also baking time was shown to have, to a different extent, some measurable effects on the rate of oxygen substitution and hence, its optimization as well as the choice of gas mixture can contribute to improve modified atmosphere packaging of bakery products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Microbiology, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piergiovanni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fava
mesh_terms: D001128:Argon; D001939:Bread; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D018857:Food Packaging; D005519:Food Preservation; D006371:Helium; D009584:Nitrogen; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen; D010539:Permeability; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006371:Helium; D001128:Argon; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen