title: Experimental assessment of photodynamic therapy with chlorins for malignant mesothelioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with two chlorin sensitisers was assessed on nude mice bearing human mesothelioma xenografts, and on intrathoracic tissues of minipigs with the same drug-light conditions to optimise the antitumour activity of PDT while preventing photosensitising injury to normal tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laser light (20 J/cm2) at 652 nm was delivered to the xenografts 1-4 days after i.p. administration of 0.1 mg/kg m-tetrahydroxyphenyl-chlorin (mTHPC) or an equimolar dose of polyethylene glycol-derived mTHPC (pegylated mTHPC), respectively. The extent of tumour necrosis was assessed by histomorphometry. Intraoperative PDT was then performed to the thoracic cavity of minipigs through a sternotomy with the same drug-light conditions at drug-light intervals ranging from 12 h to 6 days after i.v. administration of mTHPC and pegylated mTHPC, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both, mTHPC and pegylated mTHPC, resulted in photosensitised necrosis of mesothelioma xenografts at drug-light intervals from 1 to 4 days but the extent of necrosis was significantly larger by use of pegylated mTHPC instead of mTHPC at a drug-light interval of 3 and 4 days. The optimal tumourcidal effect was achieved with pegylated mTHPC at a drug-light interval of 4 days. The photosensitising effect of mTHPC on intrathoracic tissues of minipigs revealed severe damage of virtually all tissues except nerves at short drug-light intervals. Tissue damage gradually became less at longer drug-light intervals and was absent at intervals of 3 days and longer. In contrast, pegylated mTHPC resulted in no obvious change to any structure at any drug-light interval assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT with pegylated mTHPC reveals the potential of selective tumour destruction in this experimental setting and deserves further evaluation for intraoperative application in patients with malignant mesothelioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mettler
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Althaus
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Altermatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008652:Mesoporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C072269:temoporfin