title: A novel phospholipase C- and cAMP-independent positive inotropic mechanism via a P2 purinoceptor.
abstract: Although ATP, acting through a P2 purinoceptor, can stimulate a pronounced positive inotropic effect in cardiac ventricular myocytes, the receptor-effector mechanism that underlies this stimulatory cardiac action is not well understood. The objectives of the present study were to develop the cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes as a novel model for the cardiac P2 purinoceptor and to determine the mechanism underlying its positive inotropic effect. ATP caused an 89 +/- 8.9% (n = 14 cells) increase in the myocyte contractility, with an efficacy and potency order of ATP > ADP > AMP >> adenosine. 2-Methylthio-ATP (2-MeS-ATP) but not alpha,beta-methylene-ATP was able to stimulate myocyte contractility, with a maximal increase of 54 +/- 2.6% (n = 11 cells). Although UTP potently stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis, it had an only modest positive inotropic effect (27 +/- 7% maximal increase; n = 8 cells). In contrast to previous suggestions, the 2-MeS-ATP-stimulated positive inotropic response does not require the action of phospholipase C (PLC), such as that of the inositol phosphates; the UTP effect on contractility appears to be mediated via the 2-MeS-ATP-sensitive P2 receptor. The PLC inhibitor U-73122 had no effect on the 2-MeS-ATP-stimulated increase in contractility, providing further evidence against a role for PLC in the inotropic effect of 2-MeS-ATP. An adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-independent Ca2+ entry-stimulating mechanism appears to underlie a direct coupling of the receptor to stimulation of the myocyte contractility. This new PLC- and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-independent positive inotropic mechanism represents a target for developing novel positive inotropic therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Podrasky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D000241:Adenosine; D002118:Calcium; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate