title: Rapid assessment of prevalence of cataract blindness at district level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find an optimal cluster size and number of clusters for a reasonable estimate of the prevalence of cataract blindness in people aged > or = 50 years in 19 rural districts of a state in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster sampling methodology was used in 19 rural districts of Karnataka State, India. In each district, 15 clusters were randomly selected and 90 people aged > or = 50 years were examined in each cluster. As a result the visual acuity and lens status of a total of 22,218 people were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each district, the design effect for cluster size ranging from 20 to 90 was calculated and the optimal cluster size and the required number of clusters to achieve an accuracy of 1% errors and 80% confidence was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age and gender adjusted prevalence of cataract blindness varied from 1.58% to 7.24%, which justifies district level surveys. The design effect is nearly 1.5 for clusters of sizes 30 and 40. With an average prevalence of 4.93% with 1% error and 80% confidence level, the optimal number of clusters is 37 and 28 for a cluster size of 30 and 40 respectively and the average sample size for a district around 1100.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid assessments for cataract blindness in those aged > or = 50 years can be conducted at district level in India with existing resources and at affordable costs. These provide reliable data, essential for effective monitoring and planning. Other parameters, for instance, surgical coverage can also be assessed. The availability of standardized software for data entry and analysis and strict adherence to survey procedures is essential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Limburg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Indrayan
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sundaram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution