title: Double dissociation between the involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the central nucleus of the amygdala in startle increases produced by conditioned versus unconditioned fear.
abstract: The amplitude of the acoustic startle response is reliably enhanced when elicited in the presence of bright light (light-enhanced startle) or in the presence of cues previously paired with shock (fear-potentiated startle). Light-enhanced startle appears to reflect an unconditioned response to an anxiogenic stimulus, whereas fear-potentiated startle reflects a conditioned response to a fear-eliciting stimulus. We examine the involvement of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, the central nucleus of the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in both phenomena. Immediately before light-enhanced or fear-potentiated startle testing, rats received intracranial infusions of the AMPA receptor antagonist 2, 3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo(F)-quinoxaline (3 microg) or PBS. Infusions into the central nucleus of the amygdala blocked fear-potentiated but not light-enhanced startle, and infusions into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis blocked light-enhanced but not fear-potentiated startle. Infusions into the basolateral amygdala disrupted both phenomena. These findings indicate that the neuroanatomical substrates of fear-potentiated and light-enhanced startle, and perhaps more generally of conditioned and unconditioned fear, may be anatomically dissociated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D003624:Darkness; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione