title: Association of cumulative allelic losses with tumor aggressiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Loss of heterozygosity on various chromosomal arms has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma and a multistep accumulation of genetic alteration has become accepted as the mechanism underlying progression of the disease. Although cumulative genetic alterations may imply more malignant tumors with poorer prognosis, the assumption requires further investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of loss of heterozygosity was analyzed by microsatellite markers at 13 loci on six chromosomal arms in 56 hepatocellular carcinomas. Association with cumulative allelic losses and prognosis of the patient following curative resection was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of allelic losses at each chromosomal arm was 31% on 1p, 20.6% on 4q, 17.5% on 8p, 17.5% on 13q, 25.5% on 16q and 17.4% on 17p. Thirty-three tumors (59%) presented loss of heterozygosity. Tumors with more allelic losses were significantly more likely to be un-infected by hepatitis C virus, and to be histologically poorly differentiated, to have higher alpha-feto protein value, to be advanced in T classification and in tumor stage. Patients with more than one loss of heterozygosity revealed poorer 3-year disease-free survival than those with one or no (p=0.0004). A multivariate Cox model analysis revealed cumulative loss of heterozygosity as an independent and influential factor for disease recurrence (relative risk, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-5.75; p=0.013), followed by tumor stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cumulative loss of heterozygosity reflects the multistep genetic mechanism of progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. The study confirms the potential significance of genetic analysis in the management of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imaoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis