title: Interferon-gamma potentiates interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not IL-1beta induced by endotoxin in the brain.
abstract: Because interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) is present in the central nervous system during neurologic diseases associated with inflammation, its effect on endotoxin-induced cytokines was studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), their messenger RNA expression in brain areas (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum) and in spleen were evaluated 2 and 8 h after endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 25 microg/rat i.c.v.], IFN gamma (2.5 microg/rat i.c.v.) or after their coadministration in rats. CSF and serum IL-1beta levels were increased by LPS alone and IFN gamma coadministration did not furtherly increase them. IFN gamma potentiated LPS effect on IL-6 and TNF alpha levels in both CSF and serum. LPS and IFN-gamma coadministration did not alter IL-1beta messenger RNA expression induced by LPS in brain areas and in spleen, but it potentiated that of IL-6 and TNF alpha. The present in vivo data show that i.c.v. coadministration of LPS and IFN gamma results in a potentiation of cytokine production (IL-6 and TNF alpha) which may trigger a cascade of events relevant to neurodegenerative processes. This action is independent of IL-1beta because the production of this cytokine is not altered by IFN gamma treatment.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. de-simoni@irfmn.mnegri.it
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Simoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terreni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mangiarotti
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Forloni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma