title: Twelve-year results of the Coronary Risk Factor Study (CORIS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After 4 years a coronary heart disease risk factor intervention programme produced equally large and significantly reduced risk profiles in two intervention towns compared with a control town. Intervention effects through community participation were assessed after cessation of the active intervention programme. The impact of secular trends was assessed in the control town and in two previously unstudied towns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional surveys were done in a random sample of 1620 participants aged 15-64 years in the three original towns 12 years after the initial quasi-experimental study. Two years later 327 subjects, aged 35-44 years, were studied in the original control town and in two non-intervention towns. Risk factor knowledge, smoking and medical histories were determined by questionnaire. Blood pressure, anthropometry and blood lipids were recorded. Data were compared across towns, and with previous surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 years the low intensity intervention town maintained a significantly better risk factor profile than the control town, while the high intensity intervention town now matched the control town. No differences in risk factor profiles were found between the control town and the two new towns. Deaths from coronary heart disease and strokes showed a downward trend in the study area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcome suggests large ongoing secular trends during the study could have overtaken the intervention effects in the high intensity town, but not in the low intensity intervention town, which showed an advantage over the control town. These results support the effectiveness of media-based, long term health promotion strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk profiles.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Program of the Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, RSA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steyn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steyn
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Swanepoel
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jordaan
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jooste
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rossouw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate