title: Heterogeneity of DNA ploidy pattern in carcinoma of the gallbladder: primary and metastatic sites.
abstract: There are few detailed reports on the heterogeneity of the nuclear DNA ploidy pattern in carcinoma of the gallbladder. We studied twelve autopsied cases who died of extended gallbladder carcinoma. Multiple samples were taken from the primary site (Pri), from direct invasion of the liver (Hinf), from hematogenous metastasis to the liver (H), from lymphatic metastasis (LN) and from peritoneal dissemination (P). The DNA ploidy pattern was investigated by image cytometry. Heterogeneity of the DNA ploidy pattern in Pri, Hinf, H, LN and P was found in 7/11, 2/10, 5/10, 2/6 and 3/6 cases, respectively. Aneuploidy was more frequently found in Hinf than at the Pri. The DNA index of Hinf was significantly higher than that of Pri. Several stemlines, with different quantities of DNA, were found in Pri. Most of these stemlines were also observed in other sites. These facts may suggest that polyclonal cancer cells rather than one cancer cell or monoclonal cancer cells of a Pri metastasize or infiltrate, and that various polyclonal cancer cells proliferate to different degrees under different circumstances.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futakawa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Esaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D011003:Ploidies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm