title: Knowledge and attitudes about otitis media risk: implications for prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate maternal knowledge and attitudes about otitis media (OM) risk, to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in the first year of life, and to identify barriers to the reduction of risk factors (eg, formula feeding, day care attendance, and exposure to passive smoke).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of 504 Minnesota women >/=18 years old identified through 1994 birth certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty percent returned a completed survey. According to maternal report, 29% of infants (age 8 to 13 months) had recurrent OM (>/=3 episodes) and 2% had tympanostomy tubes. Forty-six percent attended day care, 29% had >/=1 smoking parent, and 49% breastfed for </=2 months. Women were more knowledgeable about OM signs and symptoms than about risk factors. Mean OM knowledge score (the sum of correct true-false responses) was 7.0 (standard deviation = 1.6). Using multiple linear regression, knowledge score was significantly related to marital status, education, age, area of residence, breastfeeding (months), and number of cigarettes smoked per day by the mother, but not to infant or sibling OM history or day care attendance (R = .23). Infant history of OM (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.2) and white race (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0. 1 to 0.8), but not the presence of risk factors, were significantly related to having received clinicians' advice about OM prevention advice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OM education and prevention programs should target pregnant women and new mothers with OM risk factors, and those who are young, single, and less educated.
authors.affiliation: Otitis Media Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Selvius
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution