title: Second generation hepatitis C virus antibody-positive rate in children: investigation of the route of hepatitis C virus infection in children with no history of transfusion.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and HCV-RNA screening was undertaken in 1864 children, aged from 0 to 15 years who did not have a history of transfusion. Anti-HCV was tested by the second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV RNA was examined by reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two of the 1864 children were positive for serum HCV RNA. They had no history of transfusion, no episodes of horizontal transmission, but the mother in each case was positive for serum HCV RNA, implying mother-to-infant infection. Eleven children who were positive for HCV antibody with low values and negative for serum HCV RNA were classified as belonging to the high bovine milk (composed primarily of casein)-specific IgG4 value group. This suggested that many of the children who were falsely positive for HCV antibody using ELISA had antibodies to casein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maniwa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D002364:Caseins / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D002364:Caseins; D012367:RNA, Viral