title: Physician characteristics: do they influence the evaluation and treatment of breast cancer in older women?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine if physician specialty, length of time in practice, and fear of malpractice influence the diagnosis and management of breast cancer in older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a fractional factorial design that controlled for patient age (65 or 80 years), race, socioeconomic status, mobility, comorbidity, and assertive behavior through 2 videotaped scenarios (a potential breast cancer [no. 1] and a known stage IIA breast cancer [no. 2]). One hundred twenty-eight white male physicians equally divided by specialty (surgeon versus nonsurgeon) and time in practice (< or = 15 or >15 years) viewed the videotapes and made recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physician subjects saw 46 patients per week, 59% female, and 47% age > or = 65. Their concern over malpractice was 4.7 (on a 10-point Likert scale with a higher score indicating more concern) and did not differ by specialty or time in practice (P values > 0.7). After viewing scenario no. 1, surgeons were less likely than nonsurgeons to consider breast cancer as the principal diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 0.9) and to obtain a tissue diagnosis (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.9). However, in scenario no. 2, surgeons were more likely to offer reconstruction (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.4 to 10.4). Physicians in practice < or = 15 years were more likely than those in practice <15 years to obtain a tissue diagnosis in scenario no. 1 (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 1.9 to 19.2) and to perform full primary therapy in scenario no. 2 (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 6.9). Physicians who performed an extensive metastatic evaluation (bone or computer tomography [CT] scan) had greater concern over malpractice than those who did not, as did physicians who performed an axillary node dissection (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.4 and OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the uncertainty of how to diagnose and treat older women with breast cancer, physician specialty, length of time in practice, and concern over malpractice do influence clinical decisions.
authors.affiliation: Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center Hospital, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice; D008511:Medicine; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013038:Specialization