title: Screening for psychiatric illness with a combined screening and diagnostic instrument.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine 1) if the PRIME-MD, a two-step screening and diagnostic instrument for psychiatric disorders, increases diagnosis and intervention when actively implemented in a busy general medicine clinic, and 2) the type of staff support required to achieve sufficient implementation to realize gains in diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We introduced the PRIME-MD into a large general medicine clinic with repeated rotation of four support conditions for implementation: (1) no support, (2) nonclinical staff support (NCSS), (3) nursing staff (RN) support, and (4) a written "Prompt" condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 2,263) attending a general medicine clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome measures were (1) PRIME-MD questionnaire and interview use, (2) overall psychiatric diagnosis, (3) new psychiatric diagnosis, and (4) provider intervention for psychiatric conditions. The NCSS, RN support, and prompt conditions resulted in similar rates of questionnaire use but significantly different rates of structured interview use. The NCSS condition was associated with significant increases in new diagnosis, and the RN support and Prompt condition were associated with significant increases in new diagnosis and intervention compared with no support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing staff support resulted in sufficient PRIME-MD implementation to achieve gains in both new diagnosis and provider intervention compared with no support. These gains occurred in a busy primary care clinic with nonselected providers and customary visit lengths. This level of support should be achievable in most clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, SMITREC Health Services Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valenstein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalack
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Standiford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douglass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires