title: Resistance of human breast-cancer cells to the pure steroidal anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 is not associated with a general loss of estrogen-receptor expression or lack of estrogen responsiveness.
abstract: To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the development of anti-estrogen resistance, we have cloned and established 3 stable ICI-182,780-resistant sub-lines, MCF-7/182R-1, MCF-7/182R-6 and MCF-7/182R-7 from the estrogen-receptor(ER)-positive and estrogen-responsive human breast-cancer MCF-7 cell line by long-term treatment with 10(-7) M ICI 182,780. The ICI-182,780-resistant MCF-7 sub-lines express ER, but compared with MCF-7 cells the level is significantly lower in all 3 sub-lines. In the MCF-7 cell line we find that ER expression is regulated by estrogen and anti-estrogens at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. This is in contrast to the ICI-182,780-resistant sub-lines, in which we find very little hormonal effects on the ER mRNA expression level. The resistant sub-lines also deviate from parent characteristics by the complete lack of expression of progesterone receptor even when grown in the presence of estradiol. All 3 resistant sub-lines have a lower basal expression of cathepsin-D mRNA comparable with the lower ER expression, but, in contrast, they have higher basal expression of the pS2 mRNA than the parent MCF-7 cell line. Although there are different basal expression levels of the pS2 and cathepsin-D genes, the resistant sub-lines behave like the parent MCF-7 cell line with respect to the hormonal regulation of both genes. The estrogen receptors in the resistant sub-lines have also maintained wild-type characteristics with respect to estrogen and anti-estrogen regulation of the estrogen-regulated proteins procathepsin D, alpha1-antitrypsin and a 42-kDa protein. The resistant cells require estrogen for growth in athymic nude mice. Our results clearly demonstrate that the ER in the resistant sub-lines have a normal function for most parameters investigated, supporting our earlier observation that only wild-type ER protein is expressed in these cells. The few observed differences in ER function between the parent MCF-7 cell line and the resistant sub-lines are not likely to be responsible for the ICI-182,780-resistant phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Endocrinology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen O. ssl@bio.cancer.dk
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lykkesfeldt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol