title: Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of IRS-1 interacting domains abolishes insulin-stimulated mitogenesis without affecting glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: Activated insulin receptor (IR) interacts with its substrates, IRS-1, IRS-2, and Shc via the NPXY motif centered at Y960. This interaction is important for IRS-1 phosphorylation. Studies using the yeast two-hybrid system and sequence identity analysis between IRS-1 and IRS-2 have identified two putative elements, the PTB and SAIN domains, between amino acids 108 and 516 of IRS-1 that are sufficient for receptor interaction. However, their precise function in mediating insulin's bioeffects is not understood. We expressed the PTB and SAIN domains of IRS-1 in HIRcB fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 adipocytes utilizing replication-defective adenoviral infection to investigate their role in insulin signalling. In both cell types, overexpression of either the PTB or the SAIN protein caused a significant decrease in insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Shc proteins, IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) enzymatic activity, p70s6k activation, and p44 and p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. However, epidermal growth factor-induced Shc and MAPK phosphorylation was unaffected by the overexpressed proteins. These findings were associated with a complete inhibition of insulin-stimulated cell cycle progression. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PTB or SAIN expression extinguished IRS-1 phosphorylation with a corresponding 90% decrease in IRS-1-associated PI 3-K activity. p70s6k is a downstream target of PI 3-K, and insulin-stimulated p70s6k was inhibited by PTB or SAIN expression. Interestingly, overexpression of either PTB or SAIN protein did not affect insulin-induced AKT activation or insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport, even though both of these bioeffects are inhibited by wortmannin. Thus, interference with the IRS-1-IR interaction inhibits insulin-stimulated IRS-1 and Shc phosphorylation, PI 3-K enzymatic activity, p70s6k activation, MAPK phosphorylation and cell cycle progression. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, interference with the IR-IRS-1 interaction did not cause inhibition of insulin-stimulated AKT activation or glucose transport. These results indicate a bifurcation or subcompartmentalization of the insulin signalling pathway whereby some targets of PI 3-K (i.e., p70s6k) are dependent on IRS-1-associated PI 3-K and other targets (i.e., AKT and glucose transport) are not. IR-IRS-1 interaction is not essential for insulin's effect on glucose transport, and alternate, or redundant, pathways exist in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olefsky
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D051379:Mice; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D005947:Glucose