title: [Laparoscopic investigation of 74 cases of nonpalpable testis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study is to evaluate the results and advantages of laparoscopic investigation of nonpalpable testis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since March 1986 to May 1996, we performed laparoscopy to investigate 88 nonpalpable testes of 74 cases under general anesthesia. On condition that testis was found intraabdominally, orchiectomy or orchiopexy was performed subsequently. With a finding of vas deferens and/or spermatic vessels entering into internal ring, inguinal canal was explored surgically. If both vas deferens and spermatic vessels were absent or blind-ending intraabdominally, no further examination was performed with a diagnosis of vanishing testis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Location of testes found in this study were as follows. Twenty three (26.1%) testes were found intraabdominally, 36 (40.9%) were intracanalicularly, 13 (14.8%) were distal to external inguinal ring, and 16 (18.2%) were vanishing testes. To those 39 (44.3%) intraabdominal and vanishing cases did not need inguinal exploration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, a laparoscopic examination for nonpalpable testis is the most effective and less invasive procedure to make sure or preclude the location of the gonad. And in 18% of those who were enrolled in this study, no further surgical interventions were needed. An accurate locating of nonpalpable testis permits site-specific planning of surgical management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuzaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orikasa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maehara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010173:Palpation; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*