title: Pharmacokinetics of luxabendazole after oral and intravenous administration to sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine pharmacokinetics of luxabendazole after oral and i.v. administration to healthy sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 clinically normal female Merino sheep between 9 and 12 months old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacokinetics were determined after oral and i.v. administration of luxabendazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. Serial blood samples were collected for 56 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations of luxabendazole were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After i.v. administration, elimination of luxabendazole was slow, with a mean half-life of 8.72 hours. Mean steady-state volume of distribution and mean distribution volume during the elimination phase were 3.18 and 3.10 L/kg, respectively. Mean clearance was 0.24 L/kg.h, and mean area under the concentration-time curve was 41.89 mg.h/L. After oral administration, luxabendazole was slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Mean absorption half-life was 2.26 hours. Peak plasma concentration was 0.50 microgram/ml and was detected 14 to 16 hours after drug administration. Mean area under the concentration-time curve was 12.03 mg.h/L. Mean bioavailability was 29%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that luxabendazole is moderately absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in sheep, is widely distributed into extravascular compartments, and is cleared slowly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters is the first step in determining a safe and efficacious dosage regimen for luxabendazole in sheep.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Spain.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Bujidos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferre
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; C058092:luxabendazole