title: [Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: treatment protocol according to our 14 years of experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of lymph nodes and the determination of prognostic factors are matters of controversy in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. We attempted to establish an approach based on the different types of lymphadenectomies and biopsies we have performed and to evaluate local stage and grade of cellular differentiation as prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  81 cases treated at our institution between 1980 and 1994 were reviewed. The results of the different lymphadenectomies and biopsies performed were analyzed. Tumors were staged according to the Jackson and TNM classifications; in 62 cases the pathological samples were reexamined by the same pathologist to determine the grade of cellular differentiation according to the Broders classification. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not obtain reliable results with the biopsies done and variable results in the lymphadenectomies performed. The grade of cellular differentiation and local stage were both statistically significant with respect to the presence of positive lymph nodes. We found statistically significant differences for survival according to the stage of the positive lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established three approaches in management of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis according to the local stage and grade of cellular differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología y de Anatomía Patológica, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubio-Briones
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villavicencio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Regalado
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chéchile
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Algaba
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monreal
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicente
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D011867:Radioisotope Teletherapy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate