title: Diverse aspects of metanephric development.
abstract: Mammalian nephrogenesis constitutes a series of complex developmental processes in which there is a differentiation and rapid proliferation of pluripotent cells leading to the formation of a defined sculpted tissue mass, and this is followed by a continuum of cell replication and terminal differentiation. Metanephrogenesis ensues with the intercalation of epithelial ureteric bud into loosely organized metanephric mesenchyme. Such an interaction is reciprocal, such that the intercalating ureteric bud induces the conversion of metanephric mesenchyme into an epithelial phenotype, while the mesenchyme stimulates the iterations of the ureteric bud. The induced mesenchyme then undergoes a series of developmental stages to form a mature glomerulus and tubular segments of the kidney. Coincidental with the formation of these nephric elements, the developing kidney is vascularized by the process of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, the process of metanephric development is quite complex, and it involves a diverse group of molecules who's biological activities are inter-linked with one another and they regulate, in a concerted manner, the differentiation and maturation of the mammalian kidney. This diverse group of molecules include extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their receptors, ECM-degrading enzymes and their inhibitors, growth factors and their receptors, proto-oncogenes and transcription factors. A large body of literature data are available, which suggest a critical role of these molecules in metanephric development, and this review summarizes the recent developments that relate to metanephrogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Carone
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Abrahamson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kanwar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000032:analysis; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016023:Integrins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D013002:Somatomedins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor