title: Hematopoietic effects and clinical uses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and PIXY321.
abstract: The clinical uses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are expanding. GM-CSF was originally approved for use after autologous bone marrow transplantation. More recent phase III studies using GM-CSF after allogenic marrow transplantation show a similar reduction in the duration of neutropenia and monocytopenia. In phase III trials following standard-dose chemotherapy, GM-CSF significantly reduced treatment-related neutropenia and morbidity and, in one study, mortality. Nonrandomized studies using GM-CSF prior to and during chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia to improve remission rates have not demonstrated an obviously significant benefit. Other studies of GM-CSF to augment cancer therapies directly and to aid in the treatment of infection are in progress. PIXY321 is a fusion protein of GM-CSF and interleukin-3. PIXY321 was developed, in part, because in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies suggested synergy between its two components. Phase I-II clinical studies using PIXY321 are preliminary but show encouraging results with stimulation of multilineage hematopoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; C078524:PIXY321 fusion protein, recombinant; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor