title: Psychiatric consultations in stiff-man syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stiff-man syndrome is a rare central nervous system disease first described nearly 40 years ago. Its cause has been attributed to both neurologic and psychiatric processes. In recent years, it has been accepted as a neurologic condition in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system malfunctions, probably because of an autoimmune process. Published reports that have described psychiatric manifestations of the disease have relied on descriptions of one or two cases and literature reviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 24 patients with confirmed stiff-man syndrome, 12 of whom had received psychiatric consultation. This review was done to better determine the psychiatric manifestations of stiff-man syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrospective analysis of these 12 cases showed that the most common psychiatric symptoms were anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that the GABA system is involved in both the neurologic and psychiatric symptoms of these patients. Psychiatrists have a significant role in the management of patients with stiff-man syndrome and may be expected to manage anxiety, depression, and substance misuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tinsley
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D015897:Comorbidity; D003291:Conversion Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011570:Psychiatry; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D016750:Stiff-Person Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology