title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relations of losartan and EXP3174 in a porcine animal model.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of losartan and EXP3174, an active metabolite of losartan, were evaluated in the anesthetized pig after both a single intravenous dose (3 mg/kg) and during constant intravenous infusion. The pharmacodynamic activities of losartan and EXP3174 were determined during constant intravenous infusion as the degree of inhibition of angiotensin II-induced increase in the diastolic pressure. The systemic plasma clearance of losartan was 22.1 +/- 4.4 ml/min/kg (mean +/- SEM) and had an apparent volume of distribution at steady state of 0.56 +/- 0.16 L/kg after a 3-mg/kg intravenous dose. The elimination half-life of losartan was 40 +/- 6 min. Less than 2% of the intravenous losartan doses was estimated to be present as unconjugated EXP3174. The plasma clearance of EXP3174 was approximately 50% that of losartan, 11.8 +/- 1.5 ml/min/kg, and had a smaller steady-state apparent volume of distribution, 0.18 +/- 0.04 L/kg. The elimination half-life for EXP3174 was slightly longer than that of losartan (52 min). The time course of the pharmacodynamic effects of losartan and EXP3174 closely followed their respective plasma concentrations. The apparent dissociation constant of EXP3174 to the angiotensin II receptor was estimated, based on the total plasma concentrations, to be approximately 5 times lower than that for losartan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, U.S.A.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lankford
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellyer
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006207:Half-Life; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D019808:Losartan / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C066026:losartan carboxylic acid; D019808:Losartan