Depression, coping and level of neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis.
This study examined the relationship between coping and depression in multiple sclerosis patients, and how that relationship varies at different levels of physical impairment. One-hundred and one patients with clinically definite MS were assessed using the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) with three sub-scales developed by Wineman et al, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Depression was significantly higher at more advanced levels of neurologic impairment than at lower levels. Escape-Avoidance and Emotional Respite were positively related to level of depression. Planful Problem-Solving and Cognitive Reframing were negatively related to depression. An interaction between coping, depression, and level of neurologic impairment was observed in which Planful Problem-Solving and Cognitive Reframing were more strongly related to depression at higher levels of impairment. The interaction effect for Escape-Avoidance and Emotional Respite with depression and level of impairment did not reach significance. It was concluded that there is a significant interaction between level of neurologic impairment, coping behaviors, and depression in patients with MS.
Mohr
D C
DC
University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Goodkin
D E
DE
Gatto
N
N
Van der Wende
J
J
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003863:Depression; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors