title: Antibodies against the fibrin beta-chain amino-terminus detect active canine venous thrombi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed to determine whether antibodies against the amino-terminus of the beta-chain of fibrin (anti-beta) could noninvasively distinguish actively enlarging thrombi from thrombi stabilized with anticoagulants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs with unilateral femoral vein thrombi were allocated into three groups: (1) no anticoagulation, (2) intravenous heparin maintained in the "therapeutic" range (0.2 to 0.5 U/mL plasma), and (3) "excess" heparin, maintained at >1.0 U/mL plasma. Thrombolysis was suppressed with tranexamic acid. (111)In-labeled anti-beta was infused, and gamma scans of the legs were performed at regular intervals for 24 hours. Scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion. In addition, for each scan, the number of gamma counts from the femoral area on the thrombosed side was compared with the contralateral side. Clot/blood isotope density was determined postmortem. Leg thrombi in the no-anticoagulation group were 100% detectable, mean (+/-SD) relative count in the thrombosed femoral area was 186% (+/-30%) of the contralateral side, and clot/blood ratio was 14.7 (+/-2.0). Thrombi in the therapeutic heparin group were only 75% detectable, relative counts in the thrombosed femoral areas decreased to 125% (+/-20%), and clot/blood ratio declined to 11.3 (+/-3.5). In the "excess heparin" group, leg thrombi were only 50% detectable, the thrombosed femoral area had relative counts of 118%+/-17%, and the clot/blood ratio fell to 7.8+/-1.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiolabeled anti-beta noninvasively distinguishes propagating thrombi from those stabilized by anticoagulants. They may be useful for detecting thrombosis clinically as well as for monitoring the efficacy of anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego 92103-8372, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konopka
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Chiles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fagnani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagan
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004285:Dogs; D005337:Fibrin / Q000276:immunology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D016719:Radioimmunodetection; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D005337:Fibrin; D006493:Heparin