title: Social-contextual influences on expectancies for managing anger and sadness: the transition from middle childhood to adolescence.
abstract: This study examined the influence of emotion type (i.e., anger, sadness), audience type (i.e., mother, father, best friend), gender, and age on 140 5th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade adolescents' emotion management decisions, emotional self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies. Participants were read 8 vignettes and responded to 8 questions per vignette. Results indicated that 8th-grade adolescents reported regulating emotion most and expected the least interpersonal support from mothers. Children expressed greater self-efficacy and regulation of sadness than of anger. Boys reported dissembling emotion and expecting a negative interpersonal response to emotional behavior more than did girls. Children were more concerned with protecting feelings of friends than with protecting feelings of fathers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono 04469-5742, USA. Zeman@maine.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shipman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012737:Sex Factors