title: Variations in human placental 11 beta-dehydrogenase and 11-oxoreductase activities of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme during pregnancy.
abstract: Human placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme has an important role in controlling glucocorticoids reaching the fetus. Excess glucocorticoids impair fetal growth. Recent investigations show that the placenta is rich in NAD- and NADP-dependent 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Elucidation of the activities of both these isoforms is necessary to understand placental glucocorticoid metabolism. Hence we determined both NAD- and NADP-dependent 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities throughout pregnancy. 11 beta-dehydrogenase (oxidative) and 11-oxoreductase (reductive) activities of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were determined in 16 first-trimester (9-12 weeks) and 14 second-trimester (13-22 weeks) and 17 term (38-42 weeks) placentae. Both NAD- and NADP-dependent activities increased with pregnancy. The second-trimester NAD-dependent activity was higher than the first-trimester activity (p = 0.02). At term this activity was higher than during the second (p = 0.05) and first (p = 0.0002) trimesters. A similar increase was obtained with NADP isoform except that the difference between first and second trimesters was not significantly different at p = 0.05. The NADH-dependent 11-oxoreductase activity was also detected throughout the pregnancy. However, the activity at term was significantly higher than during the second (p = 0.005) and first (p = 0.001) trimesters. This increase may result in a concomitant increase of cortisol reaching fetus, thus helping fetal lung maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Brooklyn 11203, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muneyyirci-Delale
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: McCalla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karacan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neil
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camilien
mesh_terms: D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007536:Isomerism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D006854:Hydrocortisone