title: Evaluation of a poliovirus-binding inhibition assay as an alternative to the virus neutralization test.
abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based poliovirus-binding inhibition (PoBI) test to detect and quantify antibodies to polioviruses was optimized and evaluated for use in population studies as an alternative to the virus neutralization test (NT) in tissue culture. The sensitivities of the inhibition ELISA compared with the NT in an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)-vaccinated population were 98.6, 97.4, and 92.1% for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The specificities of the PoBI test, as determined with sera from nonvaccinated persons, were also high for all three serotypes (99.0, 95.8, and 100%, respectively). Antibodies to other enteroviruses did not cross-react in the serotype 1 and 3 PoBI, and only levels of cross-reactivity were found for serotype 2. We found high correlations between the PoBI and NT titers for serotypes 1 and 2 in IPV-vaccinated blood donors (0.97 and 0.95), in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)-vaccinated blood donors (0.91 and 0.95), and in naturally immune persons (0.90 and 0.87). The correlation coefficient for serotype 3, however, was significantly lower in OPV-vaccinated blood donors (0.73) and in naturally immune persons (0.76) than in IPV-vaccinated persons (0.94; P < 0.01). These results indicate that the antibody response to serotype 3 poliovirus in IPV recipients is different from that in OPV recipients and naturally infected persons. We conclude that the PoBI test is a suitable alternative to the NT for estimating the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus, especially in large-scale population studies.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Herremans
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Reimerink
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ras
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Van Der Avoort
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kimman
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Van Loon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Conyn-Van Spaendonck
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Koopmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated