title: [CO2 cholangiography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the benefit of carbon dioxide (CO2) as contrast medium to reduce intraductal manipulations in biliary drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 8 patients with biliary occlusion demonstrated by cholangiography with iodinated contrast medium, percutaneous CO2 cholangiography was performed by manual injection of 30-50 ml CO2 using the same approach. Capability of CO2 to pass the obstruction and delineate distal parts of the common bile duct was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5 of 8 patients CO2 visualised additional segments of the occluded bile duct. In 4 patients the poststenotic bile duct was demonstrated with CO2. In one patient 2 cm of the obstructed duct segment was visualised. The intrahepatic duct system could not be examined sufficiently by CO2 administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of its low viscosity, CO2 is a useful contrast medium to visualise the extrahepatic biliary system before performing an external-internal biliary drainage in biliary obstruction. Unnecessary intraductal manipulations may be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Universitätsklinik Bonn.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Textor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hinterthaner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schüller
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D003137:Common Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D003287:Contrast Media; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide