title: Species differences in the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the submandibular gland and pancreas.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences exist in the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the submandibular glands (SMG) and the pancreas of different species and among cell components in the same species.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Our previous studies have shown marked differences in the expression of TGF-alpha in the pancreas of humans and Syrian hamsters. To examine whether these differences also exist in other species, we examined the expression of TGF-alpha in the pancreas of mouse, rat, Syrian hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, dog, and monkey. We included the SMG of these species for comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  The formalin-fixed tissues of these species (n = 3) were investigated by immuno-histochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to TGF-alpha. The SMG of rat, mouse, hamster, rabbit, pig, dog, and monkey were examined by RT-PCR to assure the specificity of the antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remarkable species differences were found in the expression of this peptide in both the SMG and the pancreas. In the SMG, the expression varied in different cell components, even in the same tissue of the species. Although excretory and secretory ducts of the SMG of most species reacted with the antibody, intercalated ducts were immunoreactive only in mouse and guinea pig. Acinar cells were either weakly positive or nonimmunoreactive. In the pancreas of most species, the cells of the large and medium-sized ducts expressed TGF-alpha, whereas centroacinar cells of only rat and dog reacted with the antibody. Marked differences were found in the expression of TGF-alpha in islet cells and in its spatial distribution. Differences were also found in the immunoreactivity of mesenchymal and neural cells among the species.
authors.affiliation: UNMC/Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-6805, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikematsu
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pour
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazakoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004285:Dogs; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013045:Species Specificity; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha