title: Differential recognition of liganded and unliganded thyroid hormone receptor by retinoid X receptor regulates transcriptional repression.
abstract: Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) functions as part of multiprotein complexes that also include retinoid X receptor (RXR) and transcriptional coregulators. We have found that both the TR CoR box and ninth heptad are required for RXR interaction and in turn for interaction with corepressor proteins N-CoR and SMRT. Remarkably, the recruitment of RXR to repression-defective CoR box and ninth-heptad mutants via a heterologous dimerization interface restores both corepressor interaction and repression. The addition of thyroid hormone obviates the CoR box requirement for RXR interaction, provided that the AF2 activation helix at the C terminus of TR is intact. These results indicate that RXR differentially recognizes the unliganded and liganded conformations of TR and that these differences appear to play a major role in the recruitment of corepressors to TR-RXR heterodimers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zamir
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D019281:Dimerization; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009154:Mutation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008024:Ligands; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine