title: Effects of bolus volume on oropharyngeal swallowing: an electrophysiologic study in man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Different variables of oropharyngeal swallowing change in response to bolus volume and consistency as determined by manometric/videofluoroscopic studies. But the subject is debatable especially from the physiologic point of view. No electrophysiologic studies are available on human subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of bolus volume and viscosity on different variables of oropharyngeal swallowing were investigated using electrophysiologic methods. Mechanical upward and downward laryngeal movements and submental electromyographic (SM-EMG) activity of the laryngeal elevator muscles were recorded during dry and 3-, 10-, and 20-ml water swallowing in 14 normal subjects. Cricopharyngeus (CP) muscle was investigated during 3- and 10-ml water swallowing in 10 normal subjects. Semisolid and liquid swallowing were compared in eight normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total duration of SM-EMG, time necessary for larynx elevation, CP-EMG pause related with upper esophageal sphincter opening and swallowing variability (jitter) all increased significantly with increasing bolus volume. Laryngeal superior relocation time and CP-EMG pause were shorter for semisolid swallowing compared with swallowing the same amount of liquid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The duration of SM-EMG activity, laryngeal upward-downward movements, and CP-EMG pause are affected by sensory inputs such as volume and viscosity of the bolus swallowed. The results indicate that sensory input modifies the central swallowing pattern although basic events remain the same in normal human subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ege University Medical School Hospital, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertekin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aydoğdu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yüceyar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ertaş
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uludağ
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celebi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors