title: Nuclear import of DNA in digitonin-permeabilized cells.
abstract: DNA can enter intact mammalian nuclei with varying degrees of efficiency in both transfected and microinjected cells, yet very little is known about the mechanism by which it crosses the nuclear membrane. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of fluorescently labeled DNA was studied using a digitonin-permeabilized cell system. DNA accumulated in the nucleus with a punctate staining pattern in over 80% of the permeabilized HeLa cells. Nuclear localization of the labeled DNA was energy dependent and occurred through the nuclear pore, but did not require the addition of soluble cytoplasmic protein factors necessary for protein import.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hagstrom
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ludtke
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bassik
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sebestyén
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000502:physiology; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004072:Digitonin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D037102:Lectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008845:Microinjections; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010798:Phycocyanin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014162:Transfection; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D037102:Lectins; C075564:NOLC1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014966:Xanthenes; C002497:allophycocyanin; D010798:Phycocyanin; C034657:Texas red; D004247:DNA; D004072:Digitonin; D005033:Ethylmaleimide