Relationship of scar and ischemia to the results of programmed electrophysiological stimulation in patients with coronary artery disease.
BACKGROUND
Although myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is widely used in patients with coronary artery disease, few data are available concerning the relationship between myocardial scar and ischemia and arrhythmic potential.


METHODS
One hundred forty-four patients with chronic coronary artery disease who underwent electrophysiological studies (EPS) and MPI within 3 months constituted the study population. By history, 26% of the patients had sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), 21% had cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation, and 53% had nonsustained VT. Eighty-five percent had previous myocardial infarction. Standard EPS protocol with up to three extra stimuli was used. Patients with a response of sustained monomorphic VT were defined as inducible. Quantitative MPI was used to define stress perfusion defect size and reversibility. The relations of ischemia (reversible defect) and scar (fixed defect) to inducibility on EPS were assessed by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to compare MPI results with known clinical predictors of inducibility.


RESULTS
Fifty-two percent of the patients had inducible monomorphic sustained VT. MPI showed scar alone in 33%, scar with additional ischemia in 53%, ischemia alone in 8%, and no abnormality in 6%. No relation was found between the scintigraphic presence or size of ischemia and the likelihood of inducibility or to the type of arrhythmia history. In contrast, scar size was related to the result of EPS; inducible patients had significantly larger resting defect integrals (27 +/- 23 vs 14 +/- 15) than noninducible patients (p < 0.0001). Of 37 patients with very large defects (defect integral > 30), 78% were inducible, whereas only 30% of 33 patients with defect integrals < 5 were inducible. On multivariate analysis resting defect integral was an independent predictor of inducibility. In comparison with left ventricular ejection fraction (available in 122 patients), perfusion defect size was a better independent predictor of sustained VT on EPS.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence or size of potentially ischemic myocardium does not appear to be related to the inducibility during EPS. Size of scar as quantified by myocardial perfusion imaging correlates well and better than the global left ventricular function with inducibility of sustained VT on EPS.
Gradel
C
C
Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Jain
D
D
Batsford
W P
WP
Wackers
F J
FJ
Zaret
B L
BL
D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013318:Stroke Volume; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes