title: Clinical significance of renal allograft biopsies with "borderline changes," as defined in the Banff Schema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Banff Schema suggests the term "borderline changes" for biopsies showing changes insufficient for a diagnosis of mild acute rejection. The appropriate clinical management for patients showing such changes on biopsy is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical course and response to antirejection therapy of 24 patients with borderline changes, and compared our findings with those obtained from 14 patients with mild acute rejection. Patients were classified as showing complete response, partial response, or no response to antirejection treatment, depending on whether the posttreatment fall in serum creatinine was >70%, 30-70%, or <30% of the pretreatment rise, respectively. Renal allograft biopsies were systematically evaluated in accordance with the Banff schema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete response to antirejection therapy was seen in 15/24 (63%), partial response in 3/24 (13%), and nonresponse in 6/24 (25%) patients with borderline change. Compared with patients showing complete response, nonresponse was associated with higher scores of acute tubular necrosis and chronic allograft nephropathy (P<0.05). By comparison, 12/14 (86%) cases of mild acute rejection showed complete response to antirejection therapy (P=0.25 vs. patients with borderline change), and lack of response was associated with a higher score for chronic allograft nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When biopsies are done in the context of renal allograft dysfunction, borderline changes frequently require increased immunosuppression. These findings should not be extrapolated to protocol biopsies performed in the setting of stable graft function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gritsch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scantlebury
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Demetris
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Randhawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000145:classification* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine