title: Splenogonadal fusion with limb deficiency and micrognathia.
abstract: Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare abnormality with two known types. In the continuous type, the spleen is connected to the gonad, and there are often limb defects, micrognathia, or other congenital malformations such as ventricular septal defect, anal atresia, microgastria, spina bifida, craniosynostosis, thoracopagus, diaphragmatic hernia, hypoplastic lung and abnormal lung fissures, polymicrogyria, deficient coccyx, and bifid spine C6-T3. The discontinuous type is usually not associated with congenital defects, and the gonad that fused with an accessory spleen has no connection with the native spleen. The etiology of SGF is not known. Conceivably, a teratogenic insult occurring between 5 weeks' and 8 weeks' gestation could interfere with the normal development of the spleen, gonads, and limb buds. We describe a case of splenogonadal fusion in a stillborn black boy with associated micrognathia and limb deformities. Also, we review the possible teratogenic etiologies and embryonic basis of SGF.
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Galliani
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guerry-Force
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000196:embryology; D001132:Arm / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000473:pathology*; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007866:Leg / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000473:pathology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology