title: Observations on the female reproductive cycle of captive giant tortoises (Geochelone spp.) using ultrasound scanning.
abstract: The reproductive activities of one adult female Galápagos tortoise (Geochelone nigra) and three adult female Aldabra tortoises (Geochelone gigantea) were monitored over 2 yr using ultrasound scanning. A nonrestraining technique of tactile stimulation was used for all examinations. Developing, preovulatory, and atretic ovarian follicles, as well as eggs at various stages of shell deposition, were identified and measured. In G. nigra, follicles became preovulatory at a diameter of 40-42 mm and eggs were laid 34-84 days (mean = 55.6, n = 5) after the thin-shelled eggs were first detected in the oviducts. Geochelone nigra was capable of retaining eggs, with the shell already formed, until the next breeding season. No eggs have been produced by G. gigantea during their stay in Zürich Zoo although follicles of 38-40 mm have been observed frequently in two animals.
authors.affiliation: Zürich Zoological Gardens, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rübel
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Honegger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001947:Breeding; D005260:Female; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors; D014426:Turtles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*