title: Plasminogen activation in synovial tissues: differences between normal, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis joints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the functional activity of the plasminogen activators urokinase (uPA) and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) in human synovial membrane, and to compare the pattern of expression between normal, osteoarthritic, and rheumatoid synovium. The molecular mechanisms underlying differences in PA activities between normal and pathological synovial tissues have been further examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial membranes from seven normal (N) subjects, 14 osteoarthritis (OA), and 10 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analysed for plasminogen activator activity by conventional zymography and in situ zymography on tissue sections. The tissue distribution of uPA, tPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) was studied by immunohistochemistry. uPA, tPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 mRNA values and mRNA distribution were assessed by northern blot and in situ hybridisations respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All normal and most OA synovial tissues expressed predominantly tPA catalysed proteolytic activity mainly associated to the synovial vasculature. In some OA, tPA activity was expressed together with variable amounts of uPA mediated activity. By contrast, most RA synovial tissues exhibited considerably increased uPA activity over the proliferative lining areas, while tPA activity was reduced when compared with N and OA synovial tissues. This increase in uPA activity was associated with increased levels of uPA antigen and its corresponding mRNA, which were localised over the synovial proliferative lining areas. In addition, in RA tissues, expression of the specific uPA receptor (uPAR) and of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Busso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Péclat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sappino
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000201:enzymology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator