title: En bloc heart and lung transplantation in Finland 1988-1996.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to review the first clinical experience in combined heart-lung transplantation in our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1988 to December 1996 15 en bloc heart and lung transplantations were performed. There were nine men and six women, aged 17-61 (mean 42.3) years. The indications for operation were primary pulmonary hypertension with right heart failure in five, Eisenmenger's syndrome in five, pulmonary embolism and right heart failure in three and emphysema with right heart failure in two cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hospital (30 day) mortality was four patients (26.6%). The causes of mortality were graft failure in two cases, infection and bleeding after transbronchial biopsy in one case and sepsis and aspergillosis in one case. Postoperative complications included eight cytomegalovirus (CMV), two Pneumocystis Carinii, five bacterial and five fungal (one Aspergillus and four Candida) infections. Rejection episodes (of the lungs) occurred in four patients (in 27%). During the follow-up to four years two patients developed diabetes mellitus (insulin therapy), one patient renal failure (dialysis), two patients tracheal stricture (laser resection), one patient fracture of the spine and one patient epilepsy. One patient died from prolonged CMV infection and chronic rejection eight months postoperatively. Four patients underwent bronchial artery revascularization (two with the internal thoracic artery and two with a vein graft). This was followed by improved airway healing and resistance towards infections. After a follow-up to four years 10 patients out of 15 (66.7%) were living an active life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined heart-lung transplantation offers a good mid-term outcome for patients with end-stage cardiopulmonary disease. The results compare favourably with the corresponding international statistics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sipponen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verkkala
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyösola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halme
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tukiainen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors