title: Acute fluoride toxicity from ingesting home-use dental products in children, birth to 6 years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper analyzes reports to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) of suspected overingestion of fluoride by children younger than 6 years of age between 1989 and 1994, and estimates the probably toxic amounts of various home-use fluoride products in children younger than 6 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual incidence rates of reported fluoride exposures attributed to dietary supplements, toothpaste, and rinses were calculated. Probably toxic amounts of each product were calculated using the frequently cited dose of 5 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children younger than 6 years of age accounted for more than 80 percent of reports of suspected overingestion. While the outcomes were generally not serious, several hundred children were treated at health care facilities each year. A 10 kg child who ingests 50 mg fluoride (10.1 g 1.1% NaF gel; 32.7 g 0.63% SnF2 gel; 33.3 g 1,500 ppm F toothpaste; 50 g 1,000 ppm F toothpaste; and 221 mL 0.05% NaF rinse) will have ingested a probably toxic dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overingestion of fluoride products in the home is preventable. Dentists and other health care providers should educate parents and child care providers about the importance of keeping fluoride products out of reach of children. Manufacturers should be encouraged by the ADA and the FDA to use child-resistant packaging for all fluoride products intended for use in the home.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University System, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas 75266-0677, USA. jshulman@tambcd.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003679:Deglutition; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004349:Drug Packaging; D005260:Female; D005458:Fluoride Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006267:Health Education, Dental; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects; D011039:Poison Control Centers; D011336:Probability; D012449:Safety; D012648:Self Care; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000009:adverse effects; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014100:Toothpastes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides