title: Gag rules and trade secrets in managed care contracts. Ethical and legal concerns.
abstract: Gag rules-clauses in managed care contracts that prevent physicians from disclosing information that the plan may find disparaging, but that could relate directly to the patient's health-have recently been the subject of ethical condemnation and legislative prohibition. Another serious problem in managed care contracts, trade secrets, or guidelines and quality assurance mechanisms that are imposed on physicians while their origins are shrouded in proprietary secrecy, have by contrast received little attention. Responses to these ethical challenges to the physician's integrity must involve individual physicians, managed care organizations, professional organizations, and public policymakers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ethics and Humanities in the Life Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48834, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bonham
mesh_terms: D000574:American Medical Association; D003132:Commerce; D032982:Contracts; D030881:Disclosure; D004989:Ethics; D040861:Ethics, Business; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D035082:Federal Government; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014481:United States; D028761:Withholding Treatment