title: Viability of partially damaged human embryos after cryopreservation.
abstract: In our centre, embryos are judged to have survived cryopreservation if at least half of the initial number of blastomeres remain intact. Therefore both fully intact and partially damaged embryos are transferred. The aim of this study was to investigate the viability of partially damaged human embryos after cryopreservation. We retrospectively analysed the implantation and in-vivo development of embryos which were either fully intact or had lost some blastomeres after cryopreservation. Oocytes were collected following stimulation with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist Buserelin and human menopausal gonadotrophin. Supernumerary multicellular embryos with not more than 20% of their volume filled with anucleate fragments were frozen on day 2 or day 3 of the cycle using a slow cooling procedure with dimethylsulphoxide as the cryoprotectant. Following slow thawing, 431 fully intact embryos were transferred in 314 embryo transfer procedures and 488 partially damaged embryos were transferred in 327 such procedures. The percentage of gestational sacs with fetal heartbeat obtained after transfer of fully intact embryos was almost three times higher than that after transfer of partially damaged embryos (11.4 versus 3.5%). Forty-five children (birth rate 10% per embryo transfer) were born after transfer of fully intact embryos and 14 after transfer of embryos from which some blastomeres had been lost following cryopreservation. In conclusion, although children have been delivered after transfer of partially damaged embryos, the aim of a cryopreservation programme must be to obtain fully intact embryos after thawing.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital and Medical School, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van den Abbeel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Waesberghe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
mesh_terms: D001757:Blastomeres / Q000502:physiology; D002064:Buserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D049188:Prenatal Injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D008596:Menotropins; D002064:Buserelin; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide