title: Trimetazidine prevents renal injury in the isolated perfused pig kidney exposed to prolonged cold ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia caused by cold storage (CS) and reperfusion of the kidney is often responsible for delayed graft function after transplantation. Significant attention has been focused on the cascade of events involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury, with the objective of identifying drugs to ameliorate the functional damage that occurs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the renal function of isolated perfused pig kidneys after 48 hr of CS with Euro-Collins (EC) solution plus trimetazidine (EC+TMZ), standard EC solution, or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Normothermic isolated perfused pig kidneys were randomized into five experimental groups: (A) control group (cold flush with cold heparinized saline and immediately reperfused; n=6); (B) cold flush with cold heparinized saline with TMZ (10(-6) M), n=6; (C) 48 hr of CS with EC and reperfusion (n=8); (D) 48 hr of CS with EC+TMZ alone and reperfusion (n=8); (E) 48 hr of CS with UW and reperfusion (n=8). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical studies were performed for the functional evaluation during reperfusion. Lipid peroxidation was also determined. Histological examination (optical and electron microscopy) was performed after CS and reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using TMZ, the renal perfusate flow rate as well as the glomerular filtration rate and proximal tubular function were significantly improved. This improvement of renal function during reperfusion was correlated with a less significant cellular and interstitial edema. In addition, tubular injury markers were significantly lower in the group preserved with EC+TMZ, and TMZ reduced lipid peroxidation dramatically during reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of TMZ to the EC solution increased the preservation quality and renal tubular function, and gave protection from reperfusion injury better than EC alone or UW. These results strongly suggest that TMZ has a cytoprotective effect and may therefore be useful for kidney preservation.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Transplantation Multiviscérale et Institut National de Recherche Agronomique Le Magneraud, Surgères, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hauet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mothes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goujon
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Caritez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carretier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: le Moyec
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eugene
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tillement
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D005978:Glutathione; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin; D007511:Ischemia; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010477:Perfusion; D011887:Raffinose; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine; D014292:Trimetazidine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C037096:Euro-Collins' solution; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose; D014292:Trimetazidine