title: Dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin as second-line therapy in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study analyzed the long term results of a combination of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (DVIP) used at the study center as standard second-line combination therapy in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) after prior exposure to doxorubicin.
  
  
  METHODS
  All drugs were given intravenously for 4 consecutive days. The maximum daily doses of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin were 75 mg/m2, 1200 mg/m2, and 20 mg/m2, respectively. The dexamethasone dose was 20 mg twice daily. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients were included in the study. Partial response was noted in 18 patients (32%) and complete response (CR) in 18 patients (32%). Pretreatment factors that predicted CR were CR with prior therapy (CR in 17 of 34 in patients with a recurrence vs. 1 of 21 in patients with primary refractory NHL) and age (CR in 12 of 25 patients age < or = 65 years vs. 6 of 31 patients age > 65 years). Median time to treatment failure (TTF) and median survival were 11.5 months and 30 months, respectively, for patients with a CR and 3.5 months and 8 months, respectively, for all patients. Five patients (9%) remained disease free for > 24 months. By multivariate analysis, age was the only independent prognostic factor for TTF, whereas age, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and number of extranodal sites were independent predictors for survival. Myelosuppression (median granulocyte nadir and median platelet nadir of 350/mm3 and 77,000/mm3, respectively) was the major toxicity. There was one possible drug-related death associated with myelosuppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DVIP is a relatively safe salvage combination therapy in patients with aggressive NHL. Response to first-line therapy and age are the most important predictors for prognosis after the administration of DVIP. This regimen is highly active in patients with recurrent NHL, but relatively ineffective in patients with primary refractory NHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Rambam Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben-Shahar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faraggi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuri-Etzioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leviov
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Epelbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide