title: Urine cytology and the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection. II. Studies using immunostaining.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urine immunocytology may provide a noninvasive method of investigating the antigens expressed by renal tubular cells. In previous investigations of patients with acute renal allograft rejection (AR), we showed that the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 is expressed by voided tubular cells. The up-regulation of ICAM-1, in turn, may be due to high circulating levels of interferon-gamma and/or TNF-alpha. We investigated the regulation of receptors for these cytokines and found a correlation between their expression and clinical events.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 10 patients who received transplants consecutively, freshly voided aliquots of urine were obtained on each hospital day and on each outpatient visit for a mean of 52.8 +/- 26.2 (SD) days. After cytocentrifugation, the samples were prepared by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique in order to detect the presence or absence of ICAM-1, interferon-gamma receptor and TNF-alpha receptor (p 80) on the tubular cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nonrejecting patients, the tubular cells expressed the interferon-gamma receptor but not ICAM-1 or the TNF-alpha receptor. In patients with AR, the pattern was different. The tubular cells expressed ICAM-1 and the TNF-alpha receptor but not the interferon-gamma receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine immunocytochemistry may be useful to demonstrate the expression of cytokine receptors by renal epithelia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamele-Bena
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schechner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tellis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geva
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Koss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*; D000096743:Interferon gamma Receptor
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000096743:Interferon gamma Receptor