title: Effects of intrathecal injection of nimodipine, omega-conotoxin GVIA, calmidazolium, and KN-62 on the antinociception induced by cold water swimming stress in the mouse.
abstract: The present study was designed to determine if spinal calcium channels, calmodulin, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were involved in the production of antinociception induced by cold water swimming stress (CWSS). The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of nimodipine, omega-conotoxin GVIA, calmidazolium, or (S)-5-isoquinolinesulfonic acid, 4-[2-[(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)methylamino]-3-oxo-3-(4-phenyl-1-piperaz inyl)-propyl]phenyl ester (KN-62) on CWSS-induced antinociception were studied in ICR mice. The antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test. CWSS produced inhibition of the tail-flick response. Various doses of nimodipine (10-40 ng), omega-conotoxin GVIA (5-40 ng), calmidazolium (10-40 ng), or KN-62 (5-40 ng) injected i.t. alone did not show any antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test. I.t. pretreatment with omega-conotoxin GVIA, calmidazolium, or KN-62 dose dependently attenuated the CWSS-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response. However, i.t. pretreatment with nimodipine did not affect the inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by CWSS. Our results suggest that spinal N-type calcium channel, calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II may be involved in the production of antinociception induced by CWSS. On the other hand, CWSS-induced antinociception appears not to be mediated via the spinal L-type calcium channel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Kangwon-Do, South Korea. hwsuh@sun.hallym.ac.kr
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008978:Mollusk Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D010455:Peptides; C031938:calmidazolium; D009553:Nimodipine; C063302:KN 62; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA