title: An evaluation of two management systems for rearing calves fed milk replacer.
abstract: In two experiments, 54 dairy calves were allotted to one of two management systems. One-half of the calves was raised under a conventional system that consisted of housing in separate calf hutches and manually feeding milk replacer twice daily until weaning at 7 to 8 wk of age. In this system, calves had ad libitum access to a starter diet. The remainder of the calves was housed in a single group pen and was fed via a computerized system that allowed controlled access to milk replacer and starter for 24 h/d. In both experiments, average daily gain and final body weight at weaning were similar between management systems. In Experiment 2, calves that were fed milk replacer via the automated system consumed more starter diet during the 2nd and 3rd wk, but consumed less starter during wk 6 and 7; however, total consumption of the starter diet prior to weaning was not different between treatments. Calves in the group pen had fewer days of medication than did those in hutches. The time needed to manage a calf in a hutch amounted to approximately 10 min per calf, but the time committed to management of a calf raised in the group pen was < 1 min/d. A 200-cow dairy herd with a 35% yearly cull rate and a mean calf mortality rate of 10% would regain costs of initial investment for the computer feeder by savings in labor within 2 to 3 yr.
authors.affiliation: Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19717-1303, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demarco
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Siebenson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Haenlein
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D003201:Computers; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003612:Dairying / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D015430:Weight Gain