title: Changes in blood supply in small hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of angiographic images and immunohistochemical findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the changes occurring in blood flow with growth in small hepatocellular carcinomas, we analyzed the angiographic features and immunohistochemical findings in 35 hepatocellular carcinomas less than 2 cm in diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), ultrasound angiography with intraarterial CO2 microbubbles (USAG), and computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP). Immunohistochemically, hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated using QB-end/10 (QB) monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 18 moderately-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas stained positively with QB antibody. No hepatocellular carcinomas without attenuation on CTAP were positive by immunohistochemistry, and two hepatocellular carcinomas with attenuation on CTAP also lacked staining. We observed four hepatocellular carcinomas without hypervascularity on DSA or USAG, which stained positively with QB antibody; these hepatocellular carcinomas had fatty metamorphosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Immunohistochemical findings are closely associated with angiographic findings regarding changes in blood supply. 2. All moderately-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas have characteristics of hypervascularity, both by angiographic images and by immunohistochemistry. 3. The increase in arterial blood supply occurs later than the decrease in portal perfusion, which may indicate that the decrease in portal perfusion may not be the direct result of replacement by angiogenesis. 4. Some hepatocellular carcinomas with fatty metamorphosis, which are often hypovascular by angiographic evaluation, have hypervascular immunohistochemical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011168:Portal System / Q000502:physiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography