title: Molecular pharmacology of 4-substituted glutamic acid analogues at ionotropic and metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptors.
abstract: The pharmacology of (2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid, (2S,4S)-4-methylglutamic acid and (S)- and (R)-4-methyleneglutamic acids (obtained in high chemical and enantiomeric purity from racemic 4-methyleneglutamic acid by chiral HPLC using a Crownpak CR(+) column), was examined in binding experiments using rat brain ionotropic glutamate receptors, and in functional assays using cloned metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. As a notable result of these studies, (2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid and (2S,4S)-4-methylglutamic acid were shown to be selective for kainic acid receptors and mGlu receptors (subtypes 1alpha and 2), respectively, whereas (S)-4-methyleneglutamic acid showed high but rather non-selective affinity for the (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA), kainic acid, NMDA and mGlu receptors (subtypes 1alpha and 2). Although none of the compounds were specific for any of the receptor subtypes, the results demonstrate that each of these structurally related compounds has a distinct pharmacological profile.
authors.affiliation: PharmaBiotec Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bráuner-Osborne
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Stensbøl
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skjaerbaek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krogsgaard-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006224:Cricetinae; D005971:Glutamates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C046105:4-methylglutamic acid; C030977:4-methyleneglutamic acid