title: Chromosome and spindle configurations of human oocytes matured in vitro after cryopreservation at the germinal vesicle stage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate effects of cryoprotectant and cryopreservation on the chromosome and microtubule configuration of human immature oocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intact cumulus-enclosed immature oocytes were collected from unstimulated ovaries and divided into three groups: group 1, no treatment (control); group 2, only 1,2-propanediol treatment, and group 3, cryopreserved oocytes. Oocytes in groups 1 and 2, and oocytes that survived after cryopreservation in group 3 were cultured for 48 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility Medical Center at the CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocytes were obtained from patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maturation rate and abnormality in chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization and in the spindle by immunostaining for tubulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no effect of propanediol-only treatment on the chromosomal (41.4%) and spindle abnormalities (35.3%) in group 2 compared with control oocytes (31.8% and 22.2%, respectively), whereas a statistically significant increase in abnormalities in chromosomes (77.8%) and spindles (70%) was found in group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human oocytes matured in vitro after cryopreservation at the germinal vesicle stage showed increased incidence of chromosomal and spindle abnormalities. These abnormalities may impair the capacity for further development of the embryos derived from frozen-thawed oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Infertility Medical Center, CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015342:DNA Probes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008870:Microtubules / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D015342:DNA Probes; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D014404:Tubulin