title: Synergistic effects of hyperthermia in preoperative radiochemotherapy for rectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effectiveness of hyperthermia added to preoperative radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of rectal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients receiving preoperative radiation were divided into two groups, Group A (20 patients; receiving radiation, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy) and Group B (21 patients, receiving no hyperthermia). Total dose of radiation was 40.5 Gy. Hyperthermia was administered using 8 MHz of radiofrequency. Rectal temperature reached 42 degrees C. A total dose of 3,400 mg of 5-fluorouracil given by suppository was used as the chemotherapeutic agent. Effect of the preoperative treatment was assessed by tumor reduction on barium enema, histologic findings of the resected specimens, area measurement of the residual cancer tissue, and by silver-staining nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor reduction on barium enema was significantly greater in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.01). Excluding two cases of mucinous carcinoma because a large acellular mucinous accumulation added materially to the cancerous area, the ratio of residual cancer area to total lesion size in Group A was significantly smaller than in Group B (P < 0.05). AgNOR score of the resected tumor tended to be smaller in Group A than in Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of hyperthermia resulted in a greater degree of tumor necrosis and was considered to be useful as a preoperative treatment for rectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugawara
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013488:Suppositories; D005472:Fluorouracil