title: Antioxidant-induced nuclear translocation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta. A critical role for protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of Ser299.
abstract: Alterations in intracellular oxidative status activate several signal transduction pathways resulting in distinct patterns of gene expression. Treatment of colorectal cancer cells with antioxidants can lead to apoptosis by induction of p21 through a mechanism involving CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta). Herein, we demonstrate that the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in a colorectal cancer cell line DKO-1. Activation of PKA phosphorylates Ser299 within C/EBPbeta, which is essential for protein translocation to the nucleus. Pharmacological inhibition of PKA and mutation of Ser299 to alanine blocks C/EBPbeta nuclear translocation and induction of p21. Our results indicate that a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of C/EBPbeta at Ser299 is critical for nuclear translocation of this protein and its subsequent transactivation of genes in response to antioxidant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. Rebecca.Chinery@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chinery
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brockman
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dransfield
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C066229:prolinedithiocarbamate; D010768:Phosphoserine; D005576:Colforsin; D011392:Proline; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)