title: Familial resemblance for abdominal visceral fat: the HERITAGE family study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominal visceral fat (AVF) is considered a risk factor for diabetes, atherogenic lipid profiles and hypertension. However, little is known about the genetic contribution to AVF as compared to total body fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  AVF was assessed by computerized tomography, and total body fat (fat mass) was assessed by underwater weighing in 86 families participating in the Heritage Family Study. All family members were sedentary at baseline examination. The familial factors underlying the variability in age-adjusted AVF, age-fat mass-adjusted AVF and age-adjusted fat mass, were assessed using a familial correlation model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximal heritability (including genetic and familial environmental effects) for AVF was comparable before (47%) and after (48%) adjusting for fat mass, and was 55% for fat mass itself in these sedentary families. Spouse correlations were significant for fat mass and for AVF prior to, but not after, adjustment for fat mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the only previous study which investigated the familial aggregation of AVF (both in pattern and magnitude), suggesting that the factors underlying AVF in these sedentary families may be similar to those in the population at large. Although both genetic and familial environmental factors probably influence each of fat mass and AVF, there appears to be a predominantly genetic etiology for the visceral component which is independent of total body fat. These findings imply that some individuals are more at risk then others because of an inherited tendency to store abdominal fat viscerally rather than subcutaneously.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Daw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Borecki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wilmore
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001824:Body Constitution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014781:Viscera