title: Echocardiography for hemodynamic assessment of patients with advanced heart failure and potential heart transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the accuracy of Doppler echocardiographic techniques for the determination of right heart catheterization hemodynamic variables in patients with advanced heart failure and in potential heart transplant recipients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Doppler echocardiographic techniques permit the noninvasive acquisition of hemodynamic variables traditionally used for the assessment of patients with advanced heart failure and potential heart transplant candidates. However, the accuracy of these techniques has not been sufficiently well documented for clinical application in individual patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiographic data required for estimation of mean right atrial, pulmonary artery and mean left atrial pressures and cardiac output were obtained. Right heart catheterization was performed immediately after Doppler echocardiographic data were acquired, before any intervention that might have altered the subject's hemodynamic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A complete Doppler echocardiographic hemodynamic data set was acquired in 21 (84%) of 25 subjects. For all variables, invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic values were highly correlated (p < 0.001), with minimal bias and narrow 95% confidence limits. An algorithm constructed from the noninvasive hemodynamic variable values identified all patients with adverse pulmonary vascular hemodynamic variables (i.e., transpulmonary gradient > or = 12 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance > or = 3 Wood units or pulmonary vascular resistance index > or = 6 Wood units x m2). This algorithm identified 12 (71%) of 19 patients for whom right heart catheterization was unnecessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler echocardiographic estimates of hemodynamic variables in patients with advanced heart failure are accurate and reproducible. This noninvasive methodology may assist with monitoring and optimization of medical therapy in patients with advanced heart failure and may obviate the need for routine right heart catheterization in potential heart transplant candidates.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parrillo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results