title: Global variation in the genetic and biochemical basis of diamondback moth resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis.
abstract: Insecticidal proteins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are becoming a cornerstone of ecologically sound pest management. However, if pests quickly adapt, the benefits of environmentally benign Bt toxins in sprays and genetically engineered crops will be short-lived. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resistance to Bt in open-field populations. Here we report that populations from Hawaii and Pennsylvania share a genetic locus at which a recessive mutation associated with reduced toxin binding confers extremely high resistance to four Bt toxins. In contrast, resistance in a population from the Philippines shows multilocus control, a narrower spectrum, and for some Bt toxins, inheritance that is not recessive and not associated with reduced binding. The observed variation in the genetic and biochemical basis of resistance to Bt, which is unlike patterns documented for some synthetic insecticides, profoundly affects the choice of strategies for combating resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. brucet@ag.arizona.edu
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tabashnik
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malvar
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Heckel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ménsua
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferré
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis