title: Salivary flow and composition in elderly patients referred to an acute care geriatric ward.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to study oral health and salivary aspects of the frail elderly. The study hypothesis was that elderly patients with many concomitant diseases and drugs would have different salivary secretion rates and biochemical constituents than healthier patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stimulated flow, pH buffering capacity, and biochemical constituents were analyzed from salivas of 169 elderly subjects (51 men and 118 women, mean age 81.2 years, range 69 to 96 years) admitted to an acute geriatric ward because of sudden worsening of their health. Common statistical methods were used to analyze the differences among patient groups. The patients were grouped according to the number of concomitant diseases and daily used drugs and on the basis of salivary flow rate values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduced salivary flow (< 0.7 ml/min) was found in 48% of the men and 62.5% of the women, and a low buffering capacity was found in 31.9% of the men and 36.7% of the women. Age did not significantly affect the salivary flow rate. The factors that showed the strongest influence on salivary flow were endocrinologic diseases, ophthalmologic and respiratory drugs, and potassium chloride. Salivary immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M concentrations were significantly higher in older patients. Immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, and amylase concentrations were significantly higher in older patients taking many drugs. Patients with many concomitant diseases had significantly higher salivary urea concentrations than healthier patients. Edentulous patients had significantly higher salivary immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, and amylase concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, hyposalivation was a frequent observation, and the elderly who took many drugs and had several systemic diseases had higher concentrations of most of the analyzed biochemical constituents.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pajukoski
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meurman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snellman-Gröhn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sulkava
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D002021:Buffers; D004194:Disease; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D005853:Geriatrics; D006304:Health Status; D006757:Hospital Units; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D019141:Respiratory System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology*; D012636:Secretory Rate; D012737:Sex Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D019141:Respiratory System Agents; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D014508:Urea; D000681:Amylases; D009113:Muramidase