title: DNA-dependent transregulation by IE1 of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: IE1 domains required for transactivation and DNA binding.
abstract: IE1 is the principal early transregulator of Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). The 582-residue protein stimulates viral transcription and binds as a dimer to 28-bp palindromic repeats (28-mers) comprising the AcMNPV homologous region (hr) transcription enhancers. To define IE1 domains responsible for hr-dependent transactivation, we first constructed a series of IE1 fusions to the DNA binding domain of the yeast GAL4 transactivator. In transfection assays, GAL4-IE1 fusions stimulated transcription from a TATA-containing AcMNPV promoter only upon cis linkage to GAL4 DNA binding sites. IE1 N-terminal residues 8 to 118 were sufficient for GAL4-binding-site-dependent transactivation. To identify IE1 residues required for hr interaction, we tested a series of IE1 mutations for 28-mer binding by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Deletion of IE1 residues other than the N-terminal transactivation domain eliminated 28-mer binding. Of 14 insertion mutations, only IE1(I425) and IE1(I553) failed to bind the 28-mer either as homodimers or as heterodimers with functional IE1. In contrast to insertion IE1(I425), IE1(I553) also failed to compete with wild-type IE1 for DNA binding and suggested a defect in oligomerization. Consistent with loss of oligomerization, substitutions within a hydrophobic repeat (residues 543 to 568) at the IE1 C terminus abolished 28-mer binding and demonstrated that this helix-loop-helix-like domain is required for DNA interaction. These data confirm that IE1 contains separable domains for transactivation and oligomerization-dependent DNA binding. Furthermore, they support a model wherein hr-mediated transactivation by IE1 involves sequence-specific DNA binding that contributes to transcriptional stimulation by interaction with components of the basal transcription complex.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Virology and Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School and College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rodems
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pullen
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Friesen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019281:Dimerization; D017353:Gene Deletion; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000821:virology; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000166:cytology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: C069183:Ac-IE-1 protein, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA