title: CHOXC-8 and CHOXD-13 expression in embryonic chick skin and cutaneous appendage specification.
abstract: We studied the expression of two distantly clustered Hox genes which could, respectively, be involved in specification of dorsal feather- and foot scale-forming skin in the chick embryo: cHoxc-8, a median paralog, and cHoxd-13, located at the 5' extremity of the HoxD cluster. The cHoxc-8 transcripts are present at embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5) in the somitic cells, which give rise to the dorsal dermis by E5, and at E6.5-8.5 in the dorsal dermal and epidermal cells during the first stages of feather morphogenesis. The cHoxd-13 transcripts are present at E4.5-9.5 in the autopodial mesenchyme and at E10.5-12.5 in the plantar dermis during the initiation of reticulate scale morphogenesis. Both the cHoxc-8 and cHoxd-13 transcripts are no longer detectable after the anlagen stage of cutaneous appendage morphogenesis. Furthermore, heterotopic dermal-epidermal recombinations of dorsal, plantar, and apteric tissues revealed that the epidermal ability or inability to form feathers is already established by the time of skin formation. Retinoic acid (RA) treatment at E11 induces after 12 hr an inhibition of cHoxd-13 expression in the plantar dermis, followed by the formation of feather filaments on the reticulate scales. When E7.5 dorsal explants are treated with RA for 6 days, they form scale-like structures where the Hox transcripts are no more detectable. Protein analysis revealed that the plantar filaments, made up of feather beta-keratins, corresponded to a homeotic transformation, whereas the scale-like structures, composed also of feather beta-keratins, were teratoid. These results strengthen the hypothesis that different homeobox genes play a significant role in specifying the regional identity of the different epidermal territories.
authors.affiliation: Biologie de la Différenciation Epithéliale-UMR CNRS 5538, Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kanzler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thelu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhouailly
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology; D005241:Feathers / Q000196:embryology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010641:Phenotype; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C080041:Hoxc6 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; D007633:Keratins