title: Fibromyalgia is a major contributor to quality of life in lupus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE; To determine whether individual variables of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Coordinating Committee/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index were associated with any of the domains of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) quality of life measure, and to assess the contribution of fibromyalgia (FM) to the quality of life measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seen between December 1994 and May 1995 completed SF-36 questionnaires at the time of their clinical evaluations at the Lupus Clinic. Disease activity was measured by SLEDAI, damage was assessed by the SLICC/ACR Damage Index, and FM was diagnosed in the presence of widespread pain and > or = 11 of 18 FM tender points. The components of SLEDAI and the Damage Index were compared to the domains of the SF-36 using Pearson correlation coefficients. A t test was used to compare the variables in patients with and without FM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred nineteen patients with SLE participated in the study. Presence of FM, which occurred in 21% of the patients, was not related to either the overall scores or any of the components of SLEDAI or Damage Index, but was highly correlated with all 8 domains of the SF-36. The correlations ranged from -0.26 to -0.43, with associated p values of 0.007 to 0.0001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cross sectional study of patients with SLE at one point in time the SF-36 reflected the presence of FM rather than disease activity or damage.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in The Rheumatic Diseases, The Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Gladman
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Urowitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacKinnon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome