title: Endoscopic ovariohysterectomy in two lions (Panthera leo).
abstract: Endoscopic techniques were used to ovariohysterectomize two hybrid Asian lions (Panthera leo) in order to reduce the risk of postoperative wound complications associated with standard surgical techniques. One of the lions was aged, overweight, and considered an anesthetic risk. The animals were anesthetized, intubated, catheterized intravenously, and placed in dorsal recumbency with the head lower (Trendelenburg position). Ventilation was assisted mechanically. Following abdominal insufflation, a surgical trocar was placed in the abdominal cavity. Two additional 12-mm surgical trocars were placed under direct visualization using a videoscope. The ovaries and uterus were removed endoscopically, and the abdominal cavity was inspected for hemorrhage under decreased insufflation pressure before closure. The surgery was complicated by obesity, by uterine enlargement from cystic endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps, and by ovarian enlargement and fragility because of bilateral cystic rete ovarii. The procedure and anesthetic recovery were uneventful. Postsurgical recovery time and convalescence lasted less than 3 days, and the animals were reintroduced to an exhibit mate and placed on exhibit within 8 days. The technique is appropriate for use in lions, even those with pathologic reproductive changes, in zoos.
authors.affiliation: Audubon Park Zoo, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mikota
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008045:Lions / Q000601:surgery*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010053:Ovary / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery