title: Bad is a BH3 domain-containing protein that forms an inactivating dimer with Bcl-XL.
abstract: The Bcl-2 related protein Bad is a promoter of apoptosis and has been shown to dimerize with the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Overexpression of Bad in murine FL5.12 cells demonstrated that the protein not only could abrogate the protective capacity of coexpressed Bcl-XL but could accelerate the apoptotic response to a death signal when it was expressed in the absence of exogenous Bcl-XL. Using deletion analysis, we have identified the minimal domain in the murine Bad protein that can dimerize with Bcl-xL. A 26-amino-acid peptide within this domain, which showed significant homology to the alpha-helical BH3 domains of related apoptotic proteins like Bak and Bax, was found to be necessary and sufficient to bind Bcl-xL. To determine the role of dimerization in regulating the death-promoting activity of Bad and the death-inhibiting activity of Bcl-xL, mutations within the hydrophobic BH3-binding pocket in Bcl-xL that eliminated the ability of Bcl-xL to form a heterodimer with Bad were tested for the ability to promote cell survival in the presence of Bad. Several of these mutants retained the ability to impart protection against cell death regardless of the level of coexpressed Bad protein. These results suggest that BH3-containing proteins like Bad promote cell death by binding to antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and thus inhibiting their survival promoting functions.
authors.affiliation: Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelekar
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Harlan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Fesik
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019281:Dimerization; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494820:Bad protein, mouse; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein