title: Splanchnic hemodynamic pattern and liver function in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal or gastric varices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to characterize the splanchnic hemodynamic pattern and liver function in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal or gastric varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty control subjects and 112 patients with cirrhosis were studied. Portal inflow (the sum of superior mesenteric arterial and splenic arterial flows), portal venous flow, and collateral flow (the difference between portal inflow and portal venous flow) were measured using duplex ultrasonography. Endoscopic examination showed that 45 patients had no varices or small esophageal or gastric varices, 49 had large esophageal varices, and 18 had large gastric varices. Liver function was assessed by Pugh-Child score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Portal inflow was significantly greater in patients with large esophageal varices or large gastric varices than in control subjects and patients with no varices or small esophageal or gastric varices. Portal venous flow was significantly lower in patients with large gastric varices than in the other three groups. Collateral flow was significantly greater in patients with large gastric varices than in patients with large esophageal varices. The Pugh-Child score was significantly higher in patients with large gastric varices than in patients with large esophageal varices. The Pugh-Child score was also inversely correlated with portal venous flow (r = -0.35, p < 0.01) and directly correlated with collateral flow (r = 0.59, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both patients with esophageal varices and those with gastric varices have increased portal inflow. However, patients with gastric varices, in contrast to patients with esophageal varices, have a reduced portal venous flow associated with an increased collateral flow. Such a portal outflow pattern may contribute to the worse liver function seen in patients with gastric varices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toyonaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
mesh_terms: D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods