title: Dependency of cortisol suppression on the administration time of inhaled corticosteroids.
abstract: Endogenous cortisol suppression is one of the major systemic side effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma. A previously developed pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic approach was used to evaluate the influence of administration time on the cumulative cortisol suppression (CCS) after single doses of the inhaled corticosteroids flunisolide and fluticasone propionate. Administration time-dependent simulations of CCS were performed with drug-specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters obtained from previous clinical trials. Both drugs showed similar diurnal variation in CCS, dependent on the administration time, with maximum suppression when administered in the early morning at approximately 3 AM. The optimum administration time for minimized CCS was in the afternoon but was shifted from 3 PM for fluticasone propionate to later time points around 7 PM for flunisolide, probably because of the shorter terminal elimination half-life of flunisolide. Regarding peak to trough fluctuation, however, CCS after fluticasone propionate showed only half the administration time dependency as after flunisolide. Therefore, the ratio between CCS after flunisolide and after fluticasone propionate also followed administration time-dependent variations. This led to the conclusion that administration time has to be considered as a pivotal influential factor in clinical studies comparing CCS among different inhaled corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meibohm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hochhaus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohatagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Möllmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stöckmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide; C007734:flunisolide; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006854:Hydrocortisone