title: Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term estrogen therapy can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. At present, however, these beneficial effects are not separable from undesirable stimulation of breast and endometrial tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effect of raloxifene, a nonsteroidal benzothiophene, on bone mineral density, serum lipid concentrations, and endometrial thickness in 601 postmenopausal women. The women were randomly assigned to receive 30, 60, or 150 mg of raloxifene or placebo daily for 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women receiving each dose of raloxifene had significant increases from base-line values in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, hip, and total body, whereas those receiving placebo had decreases in bone mineral density. For example, at 24 months, the mean (+/-SE) difference in the change in bone mineral density between the women receiving 60 mg of raloxifene per day and those receiving placebo was 2.4+/-0.4 percent for the lumbar spine, 2.4+/-0.4 percent for the total hip, and 2.0+/-0.4 percent for the total body (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in all the raloxifene groups, whereas serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides did not change. Endometrial thickness was similar in the raloxifene and placebo groups at all times during the study. The proportion of women receiving raloxifene who reported hot flashes or vaginal bleeding was not different from that of the women receiving placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily therapy with raloxifene increases bone mineral density, lowers serum concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and does not stimulate the endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Edouard Herriot, INSERM Research Unit 403, Lyons, France.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mitlak
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ravoux
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Huster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D015675:Osteocalcin; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D002784:Cholesterol