title: Cloning and characterization of the fmt gene which affects the methicillin resistance level and autolysis in the presence of triton X-100 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, Triton X-100 reduced the oxacillin resistance level, although the degree of reduction varied from strain to strain. To study the responses of MRSA strains to Triton X-100, we isolated a Tn551 insertion mutant of the COL strain that became more susceptible to oxacillin in the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100. The Tn551 insertion of the mutant was transduced back to the parent strain, other MRSA strains (strains KSA8 and NCTC 10443), and methicillin-susceptible strain RN450. All transductants of MRSA strains had reduced levels of resistance to oxacillin in the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100, while those of RN450 did not. Tn551 mutants of KSA8 and NCTC 10443 also had reduced levels of resistance in the absence of 0.02% Triton X-100. The autolysis rates of the transductants in the presence of 0.02% Triton X-100 were significantly increased. Amino acid analysis of peptidoglycan and testing of heat-inactivated cells for their susceptibilities to several bacteriolytic enzymes showed that there were no significant differences between the parents and the respective Tn551 mutants. The Tn551 insertion site mapped at a location different from the previously identified fem and llm sites. Cloning and sequencing showed that Tn551 had inserted at the C-terminal region of a novel gene designated fmt. The putative Fmt protein showed a hydropathy pattern similar to that of S. aureus penicillin-binding proteins and contained two of the three conserved motifs shared by penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases, suggesting that fmt may be involved in cell wall synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Hiroshima City, Japan. hkomatsu@ipc.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsuzawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suginaka
mesh_terms: D001433:Bacteriolysis / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005079:Excipients / Q000494:pharmacology; D019877:Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D010406:Penicillins; D017830:Octoxynol; D019877:Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases; C021561:methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase; D010068:Oxacillin