title: [Long-term follow up of patients with spina bifida--a review of 228 cases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this report is to evaluate the upper urinary tract changes of the patients with spina bifida who have been followed up for more than 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 228 patients (97 males and 131 females) of spina bifida. Mean patient age was 18.7 years (10 to 51 years) and follow up period ranged from 10 to 27 years (mean 13.4 years). Upper urinary tract deterioration (Hydroureter and/or hydronephrosis), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and bladder deformity were investigated by excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography. We compared these 3 parameters in the initial and final examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the initial examinations, upper urinary tract deterioration, VUR and bladder deformity were observed in 32.9%, 33.3% and 40.0%, respectively. During the follow up period, upper urinary tract was improved in 47.3% and VUR in 80.0%. Bladder deformity was disappeared in 14.4%. On the other hand, upper urinary tract was deteriorated in 9.3%. VUR and bladder deformity was newly developed or progressed in 8.0% and 29.3%, respectively. Finally, upper urinary tract deterioration, VUR and bladder deformity were observed in 31.3%, 18.2% and 52.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results revealed that upper urinary tract and VUR were relatively controlled, however, bladder deformity was increased in its frequency. To prevent upper urinary tract deterioration, further analysis of sequential changes of urinary tract conditions should be demanded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hoshigaoka Koseinenkin Hospital.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashiwai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Momose
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suemori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okajima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*