title: [Preoperative irradiation and interstitial radiotherapy-hyperthermia boost in breast tumors > or = 3 cm. The Düsseldorf experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this protocol was to investigate breast conservation rates with and without flap-supported surgery after preoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hyperthermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-eight patients with stage IIA-IV breast cancers were initially treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Radiation treatment consisted of an interstitial boost of 10 Gy 192Ir-afterloading therapy and a course of external beam radiotherapy of 50 Gy, using 5 x 2 Gy/week. Local hyperthermia with 43.5-44.5 degrees C over 60 minutes was delivered immediately before interstitial radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty-two patients underwent salvage surgery. A breast-conserving approach was possible in 74 patients (52%). Fifty-three patients (37%) underwent flap-supported surgery. After a median follow-up of 20 months, one patient developed isolated local recurrence. In 14 cases, locoregional recurrences occurred in combination with distant metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In about 50%, breast conservation was achieved by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hyperthermia. The low isolated local recurrence rate of 0.6% (1/158) has to be substantiated by further follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universität Düsseldorf.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Audretsch
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gripp
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kolotas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muskalla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Waap
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamboglou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate