title: Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular remodeling: are left ventricular diameters suitable tools?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to analyze the value of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) diameters in assessing LV remodeling.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  LV diameters are easily measured and commonly used as a substitute for volumetric analysis to evaluate LV remodeling caused by ventricular overload or dysfunction. However, the impact of these measurements on outcome is disputed, suggesting that they may not adequately assess LV remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  M-mode echocardiographically measured LV dimensions and the derived LV ejection fraction and end-systolic wall stress were compared with LV volumes and the derived LV ejection fraction and wall stress using the biplane Simpson rule. These measurements were made prospectively and simultaneously in 463 patients (289 men, 174 women; mean [+/-SD] age 62 +/- 15 years), including 46 normal subjects, 52 with aortic regurgitation, 253 with mitral regurgitation and 112 with LV dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation between diameter and volume was good at end-systole (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001) and end-diastole (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001). However, the relation was exponential, and the 95% confidence interval increased with increasing diameter. The calculated LV ejection fraction and wall stress using LV diameter and volume correlated linearly with a limited range of error (r = 0.96, SEE = 5%, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.95, SEE = 20 g/cm2, p < 0.0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For assessing LV remodeling, LV diameters measured by M-mode echocardiography allow acceptable estimation of LV ejection fraction and wall stress and correlate significantly with LV volumes but are hindered by a wide range of error for assessment of LV size, especially for enlarged ventricles, suggesting that measurement of LV volume should be the preferred method of echocardiographically assessing LV remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine and Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Dujardin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enriquez-Sarano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
mesh_terms: D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology