title: Flexible endoscope deflectability: changes using a variety of working instruments and laser fibers.
abstract: To measure the effects of different working instruments and holmium laser fibers on the deflectability in a variety of actively deflectable flexible endoscopes, a benchtop study was performed. The endoscopes studied were the Storz 7.5 flexible ureteroscope, the AUR-7 and AUR-9 flexible ureteroscopes (Circon-ACMI), a prototype Mitsubishi flexible ureteroscope (Mitsubishi Optics, Inc.), the ACN flexible cystoscope (Circon-ACMI), and the Storz flexible cystoscope. Working instruments included 1.6F (Wolf) and 1.9F (Microvasive) electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) probes, 1.9F two-prong graspers and Bagley baskets, 2.4F Segura and helical baskets (Microvasive), 3.0F Segura basket, and 200- and 365-micron holmium laser fibers (Xintec). In ureteroscopes, the effect of 1.6F and 1.9F EHL probes ranged from having no effect in the Xintec 6,000, to decreasing deflection by 30 degrees in the AUR-7. Working instruments that were 2.4F or greater reduced deflection from 33 degrees to 93 degrees. Better deflectability was noted with the 200-micron holmium laser fiber than with the 365-micron fiber. The diameter of the working instrument did not affect deflectability as severely in cystoscopes. No significant differences in deflection existed between the 365-micron and 200-micron fibers in the flexible nephroscopes tested. In general, working instruments less than 2.4F and the 200-micron laser fiber have little effect on deflectability compared with working instruments 2.4F or larger and the 365-micron fiber. Flexible cystoscopes, with their larger working channels and stronger deflection cables, are affected less by working instrument diameter than are flexible ureteroscopes.
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Division of Urology, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaghler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D020684:Cystoscopes; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D007834:Lasers; D018583:Pliability; D020709:Ureteroscopes