title: Magnesium and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate neither increase glucose use nor induce a 72-kilodalton heat shock protein expression in the immature rat brain.
abstract: In adult rats N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists increase glucose use and induce a 72-kD heat shock protein (HSP72) expression in limbic system areas that later undergo neuronal necrosis, which have limited the clinical development of these drugs. Dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) reduce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in immature animals, but the effects on HSP72 expression and glucose use are unknown. Seven-day-old rats received injections of either vehicle (control), 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg MK-801, or 2 or 4 mmol/kg MgSO4. Glucose utilization was measured with the deoxyglucose method, 30 min, 48 h, and 4 d after injection. HSP72 immunostaining was evaluated 4 or 24 h after injection. Both doses of MK-801 and 4 mmol/kg MgSO4 induced a temporary decrease in glucose use in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus, the caudoputamen, and the parietal cortex. Doses of 2 mmol/kg MgSO4 did not affect glucose use in any structure. Neuronal HSP72 expression was not found in any drug-treated rats. In conclusion, neither MK-801 nor MgSO4 increased glucose use in the limbic system and did not induce HSP72 expression, suggesting that NMDAR antagonists lack direct neurotoxicity in the immature brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gilland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levene
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D008274:Magnesium; D005947:Glucose