title: Developmental pattern of fetal growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone binding protein and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the developmental pattern of fetal growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), GH binding protein (GHBP) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGF-3); to determine the implications for fetal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum GH, IGF-I, GHBP and IGFBP-3 were measured in 53 fetuses, 41 aged 20-26 weeks (group A) and 12 aged 31-38 weeks (group B). Fetal blood samples were obtained by direct puncture of the umbilical vein in utero. Fetal blood samples were taken to rule out beta thalassaemia, chromosome alterations, mother to fetus transmissible infections, and for maternal rhesus factor. GHBP was determined by gel filtration chromatography of serum incubated overnight with 125I-GH. GH, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were determined by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal serum GH concentrations in group A (median 29 micrograms/l, range 11-92) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those of group B (median 16.7 micrograms/l, range 4.5-29). IGF-I in group A (median 20 micrograms/l, range 4.1-53.3) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in group B (median 75.2 micrograms/l, range 27.8-122.3). Similarly, IGFBP-3 concentrations in group A (median 950 micrograms/l, range 580-1260) were significantly lower than those of group B (median 1920 micrograms/l, range 1070-1770). There was no significant difference between GHBP values in group A (median 8.6%, range 6.6-12.6) and group B (median 8.3%, range 6-14.3). Gestational age correlated positively with IGF-I concentrations (P < 0.0001) and IGFBP-3 (P < 0.0001) and negatively with GH (P < 0.0001). GHBP values did not correlate with gestational age. Multiple regression analysis showed a negative correlation between GH:IGF-I ratio and fetal growth indices
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous evaluation of fetal GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GHBP suggests that the GH-IGF-I axis might already be functional in utero. The progressive improvement in the efficiency of this axis in the last part of gestation does not seem to be due to an increase in GH receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, St Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pirazzoli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cacciari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Iasio
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pittalis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dallacasa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gualandi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salardi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boschi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; C051815:somatotropin-binding protein