title: Topical or oral administration with an extract of Polypodium leucotomos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic reactions as well as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin.
abstract: Sunburn, immune suppression, photoaging, and skin cancers result from uncontrolled overexposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Preventive measures, including photoprotection, are helpful and can be achieved by topical sunscreening agents. Polypodium leucotomos (PL) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and has shown some in vitro and in vivo inmunomodulating properties. Its beneficial photoprotective effects in the treatment of vitiligo and its antioxidant properties encouraged us to evaluate in vivo the potentially useful photoprotective property of natural extract of PL after topical application or oral ingestion. Twenty-one healthy volunteers [either untreated or treated with oral psoralens (8-MOP or 5-MOP)] were enrolled in this study and exposed to solar radiation for evaluation of the following clinical parameters: immediate pigment darkening (IPD), minimal erythema dose (MED), minimal melanogenic dose (MMD), and minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) before and after topical or oral administration of PL. Immunohistochemical assessment of CD1a-expressing epidermal cells were also performed. PL was found to be photoprotective after topical application as well as oral administration. PL increased UV dose required for IPD (P < 0.01), MED (P < 0.001) and MPD (P < 0.001). After oral administration of PL, MED increased 2.8 +/- 0.59 times and MPD increased 2.75 +/- 0.5 and 6.8 +/- 1.3 times depending upon the type of psoralen used. Immunohistochemical study revealed photoprotection of Langherhans cells by oral as well as topical PL. The observed photoprotective activities of oral or topical PL reveal a new avenue in examining the potentially useful field of systemic photoprotection and suggests that PL can be used as adjunct treatment and can make photochemotherapy and phototherapy possibly safe and effective when the control of cutaneous phototoxicity to PUVA or UVB is a limiting factor in such phototherapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Villarrubia
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D000078223:5-Methoxypsoralen; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017484:Dermatitis, Phototoxic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008730:Methoxsalen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D000975:Antioxidants; D011564:Furocoumarins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D000078223:5-Methoxypsoralen; D008730:Methoxsalen