title: Insulin and leptin concentrations in obese humans during long-term weight loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin is likely to be involved in the homeostasis of body weight. Insulin is suggested to regulate both short-term and long-term circulating leptin levels. The present study aims to assess the relation between insulin and leptin levels in obese humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 53 obese subjects (body mass index 35.1 +/- 3.9 kg m-2 (mean +/- SD)) were prescribed a hypocaloric diet and randomized to either a placebo or the intestinal lipase inhibitor orlistat for 2 years. Serum leptin and insulin levels were determined repeatedly during these 2 years (5 times in the fasting condition and twice after an oral glucose load).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin concentrations appeared to be regulated at a specific level for each individual throughout the weight-loss period. The BMI explained 39.7% of the total variance in leptin levels, the body-fat distribution 17.2%, individual characteristics 30.3%; and the fasting serum insulin concentration 1.0%. After a mean weight loss of 7.7 +/- 4.9 kg, the time-integrated insulin response to an oral glucose load was significantly lower but the leptin response remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BMI is the main determinant of the circulating leptin concentration in obese humans. Individual characteristics seem to determine the leptin level, given the BMI. In a short-term observational study in obese humans, changes of insulin levels do not appear to be correlated to changes in leptin levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Hospital, Netherlands. actoornvliet@compuserve.com
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Toornvliet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pijl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Meinders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020738:Leptin; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077403:Orlistat; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D007783:Lactones; D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins; D000077403:Orlistat; D008049:Lipase