title: Inhibition of Ca2+ release from Trypanosoma brucei acidocalcisomes by 3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxytoluene: role of the Na+/H+ exchanger.
abstract: Acidocalcisomes are acidic vacuoles present in trypanosomatids that contain a considerable fraction of intracellular Ca2+. They possess a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase for H+ uptake, a Ca2+/H+ countertransporting ATPase for Ca2+ uptake and a Ca2+/nH+ antiporter for Ca2+ release. Trypanosoma brucei procyclic trypomastigotes acidocalcisomes possess, in addition, an Na+/H+ antiporter that may participate in Ca2+ release from these organelles. In this work we show that the hydrophobic antioxidant 3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxy toluene (BHT), at concentrations in the range 1-20 microM, inhibits Na+-induced Ca2+ release from the acidocalcisomes of digitonin-permeabilized procyclic trypomastigotes in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect supports the notion that Ca2+ release from this compartment is regulated by the activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter. In the presence of BHT, Ca2+ release could still be obtained by nigericin-mediated alkalinization of the acidocalcisomes, clearly demonstrating that the action of BHT is not at the level of the Ca2+/nH+ antiporter but on that of the Na+/H+ antiporter. In the same range of concentrations and depending on the preincubation time, BHT had an stimulatory or an inhibitory effect on the vacuolar H+-ATPase present in T. brucei acidocalcisomes. Since these effects of BHT were obtained at concentrations which are commonly used for its antioxidant properties, these results indicate that care should be exercised when attributing effects of BHT to only these properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Vercesi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Grijalba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Docampo
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002414:Cations, Monovalent / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D018942:Macrolides; D008954:Models, Biological; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017920:Antiporters; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D018942:Macrolides; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C027614:calcium-hydrogen antiporters; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; C040929:bafilomycin A1; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C037667:3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; D012964:Sodium; D000165:Acridine Orange; D002118:Calcium