title: Port-site recurrences following laparoscopic operations for gynaecological malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of port-site recurrences following laparoscopic surgical treatment of gynaecological malignancies metastatic at the time of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of metastatic primary and recurrent gynaecological malignancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five women were studied. Twenty-four had metastatic disease at the time of laparoscopic surgery, 22 in association with a primary malignancy (cervix: n = 12, ovary: n = 7, endometrium: n = 3), and two in association with recurrent ovarian cancer; all received pelvic or extended field radiation or chemotherapy after surgery. One woman with Stage IIIC ovarian cancer, disease-free at the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy following laparotomy by a general surgeon, was included; she developed scalene node metastases 18 months after definitive laparoscopic surgery. Seventy-one 5 mm trocars and fifty 10 mm trocars (total n = 121) were used for surgery; thirty-one 10 mm trocar sites and forty-four 5 mm sites (total n = 75) received post-operative treatment with chemotherapy (n = 49) or radiation (n = 26). Four women (16%) developed recurrences in association with endometrial (n = 2) and cervical (n = 2) cancer at six trocar sites. All recurrences were associated with abdominopelvic and/or distant metastases, and all occurred at untreated 5 mm trocar sites. The difference in recurrence rates between 5 mm and 10 mm trocar sites (chi(2) = 6; P < 0.025), and between treated and untreated trocars (chi(2) = 5; P < 0.05) were both statistically significant (McNemar's test), but the effects of treatment and trocar size on the port-site recurrence rate were confounded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Port-site recurrences are local manifestations of disseminated disease that result from the enhancement of tumour growth characteristic of healing tissues and can be prevented by appropriate post-operative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The New Margaret Hague Women's Health Institute, Jersey City Medical Center, New Jersey 07304, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kadar
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*