title: Epoxy putty for free-form external skeletal fixators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the suitability of epoxy putty for use as a connecting beam material in a free-form external skeletal fixator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mechanical evaluation of beams and the pin-material interface of commonly used methacrylates and the proposed epoxy putty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The apparent modulus, bending strength, and toughness of 10 beams of three methacrylates (Technovit, APEF System, Bone Cement) and three epoxy putties (Oatey Epoxy Putty, All-Metals PowerPoxy, and Plumber's PowerPoxy) were determined in three-point bending. The shear strength of smooth and roughened-shaft pins embedded in the three methacrylates and the Oatey Epoxy Putty was determined by pull-out testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The epoxy putties had similar strength, greater apparent modulus, and reduced toughness when compared with the methacrylates. The shear strength of the smooth pin interface with the Oatey Epoxy putty was greater than that with the methacrylates. The interface with roughened pins was much stronger than that with smooth pins for all materials tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epoxy putty is a suitable material for free-form external fixators. It is easy to handle, inexpensive, and has suitable setting times and mechanical properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000592:standards*; D004867:Equipment Design; D016267:External Fixators / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000592:standards; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D008689:Methacrylates