title: Vaccine-induced canine distemper in European mink, Mustela lutreola.
abstract: This report describes vaccine-induced canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in four European mink (Mustela lutreola) induced by the administration of a multivalent, avian-origin vaccine. Clinical signs consisting of seizures, ataxia, facial twitching, oculonasal discharge, hyperkeratosis of footpads, and anorexia developed 16-20 days postvaccination. Conjunctival smears from one animal were positive for CDV antigen by direct fluorescent antibody testing, confirming the clinical diagnosis. The four mink died 16-26 days postvaccination. Gross and microscopic lesions that were diagnostic for CDV infection included interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid depletion, nonsuppurative encephalitis, and dermatitis. Vaccine-strain virus was isolated from tissues of three animals. Cases of vaccine-induced distemper in mustelids using avian-origin vaccine have seldom been reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Services, San Diego Zoo, California 92112, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sutherland-Smith
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rideout
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mikolon
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D006516:Adenoviruses, Canine / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D004216:Distemper / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct / Q000662:veterinary; D015994:Incidence; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008907:Mink; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D017993:Parvovirus, Canine / Q000276:immunology; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines