title: Detection of high-grade restenosis after PTCA using contrast-enhanced electron beam CT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contrast-enhanced electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) has been shown to permit noninvasive visualization of the coronary arteries. We determined the value of EBCT to noninvasively detect high-grade restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients (37 to 68 years of age), were investigated by EBCT at a mean interval of 9 months after PTCA of coronary artery stenoses. Forty axial cross-sections of the heart (3-mm slice thickness, 1-mm overlap) were acquired triggered to the ECG after intravenous injection of contrast agent. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the coronary arteries were rendered with a lower threshold of 80 HU to selectively visualize the contrast-enhanced vessel lumen. EBCT results were compared with conventional quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) performed within 1 week. In 6 patients, the PTCA segment could not be evaluated because of impaired image quality. Sixteen of the remaining 44 patients had high-grade restenoses in QCA (>70% diameter reduction), which was correctly detected by EBCT in 15 cases (94% sensitivity). There were 5 false-positive EBCT results of high-grade restenosis (82% specificity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EBCT with intravenous injection of contrast agent permits the noninvasive diagnosis of restenosis after PTCA, with high sensitivity and sufficient specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. stephan.achenbach@stud.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achenbach
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moshage
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bachmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed