title: Anaemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis: in vivo effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade.
abstract: Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a common feature of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of ACD, possibly by inhibiting erythropoietin (EPO) production. In this study, we examined the in vivo effects of TNF-alpha blockade with a chimeric monoclonal antibody, cA2, on erythropoiesis in RA patients with ACD. Administration of cA2 led to a dose-dependent increase in haemoglobin levels compared to placebo and these changes were accompanied by a reduction in both EPO and IL-6 levels. The data support the notion that TNF-alpha is important in the causation of ACD, but suggest a mechanism independent of EPO suppression. Instead, TNF-alpha may act directly on bone marrow red cell precursors.
authors.affiliation: The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feldmann
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Maini
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006454:Hemoglobins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004921:Erythropoietin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein