title: Identification of a family of low-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs): characterization of connective tissue growth factor as a member of the IGFBP superfamily.
abstract: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate the actions of the insulin-like growth factors in endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine settings. Additionally, some IGFBPs appear to exhibit biological effects that are IGF independent. The six high-affinity IGFBPs that have been characterized to date exhibit 40-60% amino acid sequence identity overall, with the most conserved sequences in their NH2 and COOH termini. We have recently demonstrated that the product of the mac25/IGFBP-7 gene, which shows significant conservation in the NH2 terminus, including an "IGFBP motif' (GCGCCXXC), exhibits low-affinity IGF binding. The closely related mammalian genes connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene, nov, and cyr61 encode secreted proteins that also contain the conserved sequences and IGFBP motifs in their NH2 termini. To ascertain if these genes, along with mac25/IGFBP-7, encode a family of low-affinity IGFBPs, we assessed the IGF binding characteristics of recombinant human CTGF (rhCTGF). The ability of baculovirus-synthesized rhCTGF to bind IGFs was demonstrated by Western ligand blotting, affinity cross-linking, and competitive affinity binding assays using 125I-labeled IGF-I or IGF-II and unlabeled IGFs. CTGF, like mac25/IGFBP-7, specifically binds IGFs, although with relatively low affinity. On the basis of these data, we propose that CTGF represents another member of the IGFBP family (IGFBP-8) and that the CTGF gene, mac25/IGFBP-7, nov, and cyr61 are members of a family of low-affinity IGFBP genes. These genes, along with those encoding the high-affinity IGFBPs 1-6, together constitute an IGFBP superfamily whose products function in IGF-dependent or IGF-independent modes to regulate normal and neoplastic cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nagalla
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D000939:Epitopes; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D055514:Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C526317:CCN2 protein, human; C526319:CCN3 protein, human; D000939:Epitopes; D006133:Growth Substances; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D055514:Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013002:Somatomedins; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor