title: Magnetic resonance imaging compared with echocardiography in the evaluation of pulmonary artery abnormalities in children with tetralogy of Fallot following palliative and corrective surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries following palliative or corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are common. Our purpose was to compare the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography in the post- operative evaluation of the pulmonary arteries in children with TOF.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis was that MRI is more sensitive than echocardiography in the detection of branch pulmonary artery abnormalities in children with TOF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary artery MRI and echocardiography were performed in 20 children following palliative and/or corrective surgery for TOF. MRI and echocardiography were compared in their ability to detect abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries. Angiographic or surgical correlation was available in 15 children. A perfusion scan for confirmation of pulmonary artery patency was available in one additional child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormalities of the branch pulmonary arteries identified by MRI included: absence or occlusion (2), focal stenosis (15), hypoplasia (2), aneurysm (1), and non-confluence (1). Echocardiography could not adequately visualize the right and left branch pulmonary arteries in eight and ten children, respectively. Echocardiography missed stenosis in 13 branch pulmonary arteries, patency of hypoplastic pulmonary arteries in two children, non-confluence of the pulmonary arteries in one child, and a left pulmonary artery aneurysm in one child. Abnormalities identified by MRI were confirmed in 16 children by angiography, surgery or perfusion scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is more sensitive than echocardiography for the evaluation of branch pulmonary artery abnormalities in children following surgery for TOF.
authors.affiliation: St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Front Street at Erie Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Crisci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anisman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010166:Palliative Care; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis