title: rG-CSF reduces endotoxemia and improves survival during E. coli pneumonia.
abstract: We investigated the effects of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) during canine bacterial pneumonia. Beagles with chronic tracheostomies received daily subcutaneous rG-CSF (5 micrograms/kg body wt) or placebo for 14 days, beginning 9 days before intrabronchial inoculation with E. coli. Animals received antibiotics and fluid support; a subset received humidified oxygen (fractional inspired O2 0.40). Compared with controls, rG-CSF increased circulating neutrophil counts (57.4 vs. 11.0 x 10(3)/mm3, day 1 after infection; P = 0.0001), decreased plasma endotoxin (7.5 vs. 1.1 EU/ml at 8 h; P < 0.01) and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (3,402 vs. 729 pg/ml at 2 h; P = 0.01) levels, and prolonged survival (relative risk of death = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.21-0.97; P = 0.038). Also, rG-CSF attenuated sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction (P < 0.001). rG-CSF had no effect on pulmonary function or on blood and lung bacteria counts (all P = not significant). Other animals challenged with endotoxin (4 mg/kg i.v.) after similar treatment with rG-CSF had lower serum endotoxin levels (7.62 vs. 5.81 log EU/ml at 6 h; P < 0.01) and less cardiovascular dysfunction (P < 0.05 to < 0.002) but similar tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (P = not significant) compared with controls. Thus prophylactic rG-CSF sufficient to increase circulating neutrophils during bacterial pneumonia may improve cardiovascular function and survival by mechanisms that in part enhance the clearance of bacterial toxins but do not improve lung function.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1662, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Quezado
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Natanson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Danner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quezado
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: P Q
authors.initials: PQ
authors.lastname: Eichacker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013534:Survival
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli