title: Bladder management in patients with pediatric onset neurogenic bladders.
abstract: Our objective was to determine which clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) methods and supplies were used by patients with pediatric onset neurogenic bladders and to relate methodology and materials to reported urinary tract infections. Data were collected via questionnaires distributed by mail and at clinic visits at our university tertiary care outpatient pediatric rehabilitation clinic. Questionnaires were given to 165 patients. Fifty-nine percent were returned (68 patients with myelomeningocele, 27 with pediatric onset spinal cord injury (SCI) and two with other diagnoses). Mean age was 12 years (range 1-27). Fifty-four percent of patients participated in their own CIC. Only two percent used sterile catheterization technique, whereas 98 percent used CIC. A sterile catheter was employed with clean technique by 22 percent. Catheters were reused by 76 percent. Subjects used a wide ranging number of catheters per month, with a median of 5.3. There was no correlation between the number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) per year and the type of catheter used or the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Compared with patients with myelomeningocele, subjects with SCI were significantly more likely to use sterile catheters (p = 0.04), > 10 catheters per month (p = 0.01) and gloves (p < 0.001). Subjects who used gloves or more catheters were more likely to experience UTI. These data suggest that clean reused supplies are not related to an increased likelihood of UTI and should be considered a way to lower costs in these populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Hala
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hurvitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panzi
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D007840:Latex / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007840:Latex