title: Manipulation of immune responses via particle-mediated polynucleotide vaccines.
abstract: Polynucleotide vaccines are a new approach to immunization that promises qualitative advances in vaccine technology. These vaccines mimic infection in that they result in expression of pathogen gene products in situ, which can elicit both cell-mediated immune responses and humoral responses. This approach has been applied primarily to vaccines against viral diseases, but may be significant for vaccines directed toward bacterial pathogens. Auragen has developed a generally applicable gene transfer technology and, for vaccine applications, has focused on particle-mediated gene transfer to epidermis. Results demonstrate that Accell polynucleotide vaccines induce immune responses toward human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) antigens, influenza A virus antigens, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens in rodent,s swine and primates. Cellular immune responses toward these antigens have been demonstrated in rodents. In a swine influenza a challenge model Accell vaccination provides protection equivalent to that of a commercial killed-whole-virus vaccine. Vaccination of mice by this method toward a Chlamydia pneumoniae major outer-membrane protein elicits a species-specific antibody response.
authors.affiliation: Auragen Inc., University Green, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Macklin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drape
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Widera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Callan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D051379:Mice; D011323:Primates; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines