title: Clinical utility of contrast-enhanced MR angiography.
abstract: MR angiography (MRA) is a technique under ongoing discussion. Its non-invasiveness and sensitivity to flow irregularities make it an investigational technique which is easy to apply but which does not always lead to comprehensive results. It requires special skill to perform and also experience for correct interpretation of the results. The lengthiness of the procedure combined with certain physical properties tends to limit its use to mostly neurovascular applications. With the introduction of ultrafast MRA in conjunction with peripheral bolus-injection of extracellular contrast media, a new approach to the imaging of such regions as the thoracic and abdominal vasculature not to mention other vascular territories has become possible. In this paper, considerations of bolus and measurement optimization and timing protocols for dedicated indications are presented together with an overview on the experience acquired to date for CE-MRA of the carotid artery, mediastinal and pulmonary vessels, abdominal vasculature, and peripheral vessels. The main advantage of ultrafast CE-MRA is that patients are subjected to much more tolerable breath-hold investigations with the result that physiological motion such as peristalsis or major pulsation is minimised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospitals, Kantonsspital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bongartz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steinbrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005682:Gadolinium; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium