title: Population pharmacokinetics of riluzole in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the population pharmacokinetic of riluzole in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with ALS who were participating in a multicenter phase III dose-ranging trial of riluzole were sampled on 179 visits. The sampling strategy (two samples per visit) was varied across patients to define the population kinetic profile (full screen). Riluzole plasma levels were determined by HPLC, and the data were analyzed by nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM program) with use of a one-compartment structural model. The model incorporated interoccasion (visit-to visit) variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the basic one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, interindividual variability in plasma clearance (51.4%) was higher than intraindividual (visit-to-visit) variability (28.0%), indicating uniform pharmacokinetic behavior during long-term therapy. Riluzole clearance was independent of dosage (25 to 100 mg twice daily), treatment duration (up to 10 months), age, and renal function; gender and smoking were the most important patient covariates, with hepatic function having lesser influence. Typical value of clearance was 51.4 L/hr for a nonsmoking male patient. It was 32% lower in women than in men and 36% lower in nonsmokers than in smokers. Gender- and smoking-related variations in riluzole exposure at the recommended dosage (50 mg twice daily) were within the range of exposures achieved (with no untoward effect) in this dose-ranging study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetics of riluzole has been characterized in patients during long-term therapy. Riluzole clearance is independent of dose and treatment duration. Within-patient variability is low. Gender and smoking status are the main covariates to explain interpatient variability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Research and Development, Antony, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vivier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Liboux
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Powe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Delumeau
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rhodes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019782:Riluzole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019782:Riluzole