title: [The angiography of kidney transplant arteries using carbon dioxide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After renal transplantation hypertension occurs in 60-80% of patients, in 3-23% of them due to renal artery stenosis in the transplanted kidney. Angiographic assessment of the severity of the stenosis would best be done with a non-nephrotoxic contrast medium. We investigated the use of carbon dioxide, a bubble-forming contrast medium excreted via the lung, for its suitability in the angiography of the arterial system in the renal transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an uncontrolled series of observations on six patients with renal transplants and hypertension who were being treated with three or four antihypertensive drugs, the transplant's arteries were demonstrated with carbon dioxide, injected by Seldinger technique into the ipsilateral femoral artery, and the results recorded by subtraction angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The angiograms demonstrated postoperative kinked renal artery, a plaque in the external iliac artery, and a sharply angled origin of the external iliac artery in one case each, and three normal cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon dioxide is a suitable medium for demonstrating renal arteries in a transplanted kidney and is preferable to conventional contrast media for the angiographic diagnosis of possible renal artery stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fricke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kagel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lorch
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide