title: Opposite effects of electrostatics and steric exclusion on bundle formation by F-actin and other filamentous polyelectrolytes.
abstract: A number of positively charged polypeptides and proteins bundle DNA, F-actin, microtubules, and viruses such as filamentous phage fd and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), as well as intermediate filaments formed by vimentin. The general behavior is dictated by the common polyelectrolyte nature of these biopolymers, which gives rise to nonspecific binding by ligands carrying several net opposite charges. An attractive interaction accounts for the subsequent lateral aggregation, distinguishing this transition from the liquid crystalline formation of filamentous particles at high concentrations. Morphologically similar filament bundles can also be induced by inert solutes such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and proteins that do not bind the macromolecular filaments, but the physicochemistry underlying this class of bundle transitions is distinct. In particular, bundling transitions induced by electrostatic and steric mechanisms have an opposite dependence on the solution ionic strength and the concentration of the filamentous biopolymers. The distinct mechanisms illustrated in this report may each contribute to the formation of specific polymer bundles under physiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, LMRC 301, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. tang@calvin.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Traub
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Janmey
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D055672:Static Electricity; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000737:chemistry; D014746:Vimentin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004573:Electrolytes; D014746:Vimentin