title: Mechanism of suppression of macrophage nitric oxide release by IL-13: influence of the macrophage population.
abstract: IL-13 is a cytokine produced by T lymphocytes, mast cells, basophils, and certain B cell lines that up-regulates or inhibits various macrophage functions. In the present study we analyzed the mechanisms of suppression of nitric oxide (NO) release by IL-13 in the macrophage cell line J774A.1 and in thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. In both cell types efficient reduction (>80%) of NO production required treatment of the macrophages with IL-13 for at least 7 h before stimulation with IFN-gamma and LPS. In J774A.1 cells, increasing concentrations of IFN-gamma partially antagonized the suppression mediated by IL-13, whereas in peritoneal macrophages, the inhibitory effect of IL-13 was largely independent of the concentrations of IFN-gamma and LPS. In J774A.1 cells, IL-13 strongly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS-2), as determined by Northern blot analysis and immunoprecipitation. In peritoneal macrophages, in contrast, IL-13 decreased iNOS protein and enzyme activities after 8 to 48 h of stimulation, without altering the expression of iNOS mRNA. Pulse labeling with [35S]methionine revealed that IL-13 caused a 4.7-fold reduction of the de novo synthesis of iNOS protein in these cells. These data demonstrate for the first time that IL-13 is capable of regulating iNOS at both the mRNA and translational levels and underline the important influence of the macrophage population when studying mechanisms of cytokine functions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Erlangen, Germany. christian.bogdan@mikrobio.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogdan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thüring
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dlaska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röllinghoff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D009569:Nitric Oxide