title: Internal dose estimation including the nasal cavity and major airway for continuous inhalation of C15O2, 15O2 and C15O using the thermoluminescent dosimeter method.
abstract: In the steady state method, 15O-labeled gases (C15O2, 15O2 and C15O) are administered to the body by continuous inhalation in various clinical PET studies. During inhalation, the nasal cavity and major airway may obtain a substantial amount of dose, being the source organs as well as the target organs. The internal absorbed dose to those organs and their contribution to the other target organs have not been calculated by the MIRD method. To calculate the internal dose in the MIRD method, the S values, the absorbed doses per unit of cumulated activities from nasal cavity and major airway to the other organs and vice versa, are needed, and these values are not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we introduced a mathematical model of the nasal cavity and major airway to calculate their S values to 23 target organs and from 11 source organs to them. Individual experiments were performed to measure the total uptake percentage and body surface doses of 15O-labeled gases from continuous inhalation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the body surface doses measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters, the cumulated activities of 11 source organs were estimated with the mathematical transformation method, and then the internal absorbed doses in 23 target organs were calculated by the MIRD method. Our experimental results were compared with the other results, and good agreements were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the target organs, the critical organ is the airway, and the absorbed dose is 2.57 x 10(-2) mGy.MBq-1.
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Japan.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Deloar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamadera
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010100:Oxygen; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D010100:Oxygen