title: The relationship between primary splenic malignant lymphoma and chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An etiologically important role has been suggested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the development of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). HCV has been recognized as the major cause of non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis throughout the world. Moreover, the occurrence of primary splenic malignant lymphoma (PSML) has been demonstrated in patients with chronic liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the authors describe three patients with PSML. The clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of the lymphomas were studied. Clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement was investigated by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three cases of PSML were detected by imaging studies performed in routine follow-up of cases of chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection. Macronodular lesions were found in the three spleens; two of them were of normal weight and another was moderately enlarged. The former two were the smallest PSMLs reported to date. The histology was B-cell NHL in all cases. All 3 patients were alive after splenectomy with an average follow-up of 51.7 months (range, 35-74 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV infection may play an etiologic role in the development of splenic B-cell lymphoma. The long survival of the patients in this study may have been due to early splenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Saga Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuramochi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015326:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology