title: Implantation of a refillable glucose monitoring-telemetry device.
abstract: This study describes the components and short-term in vivo evaluation of an integrated implantable system consisting of an amperometric glucose biosensor, a miniature potentiostat, a FM signal transmitter, and a power supply. The device (dimensions: 5.0 x 7.0 x 1.5 cm) was implanted subcutaneously in healthy mongrel dogs. The biosensor performance was evaluated in vitro prior to implantation using standard solutions simulating the physiological environment. A linear response to glucose concentration was observed throughout the physiological and pathophysiological range (with an upper limit of 25 mM glucose, and a sensitivity of 0.5 microA/mM). The results of short-term subcutaneous implantation of the integrated system demonstrated good agreement between the glucose concentration measured by the biosensor and that obtained using standard glucose determination methods. The delay-time between the tissue glucose level (measured by the biosensor) and the blood glucose level (obtained by standard methodology) was 3-7 min. These results demonstrated the feasibility of data transmission by a telemetry system through the skin of a dog and allowed the commencement of chronic in vivo testing. During the chronic implantation the biosensor was refilled in vivo. A rejuvenation of the sensor's response after refilling was observed suggesting the potential of such sensors for long-term implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atanasov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ghindilis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002138:Calibration; D004285:Dogs; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D016014:Linear Models; D008904:Miniaturization; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011199:Potentiometry; D013686:Telemetry
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose