title: Nanomolar quantification and identification of various nitrosothiols by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with flow reactors of metals and Griess reagent.
abstract: Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs) appear to be critically involved in various signal transduction mechanisms. We describe here a specific and highly sensitive quantification method for RS-NOs by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with a flow reactor system. RS-NOs were applied to an HPLC system of C18-reverse phase or a gel filtration column and eluted with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) plus 0.5 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid with or without either 0-7% methanol or 0.15 M NaCl. The eluate from the HPLC column was mixed with a solution containing 1.75 mM HgCl2 or 1.75 mM CuSO4 for RS-NO decomposition in a reaction coil via a three-way connector. NO2- generated via the metal-induced RS-NO decomposition was then reacted with Griess reagent, which was infused through a second three-way connector, yielding a diazo-compound detected at 540 nm. In a separate experiment, a copper particle-loaded column was used for RS-NO degradation instead of the metal-ion flow reactor. In all RS-NOs tested, i.e., nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO), nitroso-L-cysteine, and nitrosoalbumin, the nitroso- group was converted to NO2- by the Hg2+-reaction system as well as copper-loaded column, and the recovery was almost 100%. The Cu2+-solution flow reaction system, however, yielded only 30% recovery of RS-NOs as NO2-. Also, the RS-NOs could be identified at nanomolar concentrations: detection limit, 3.0 nM in a 150-microl aliquot. These RS-NOs showed well-resolved elution profiles even in the presence of NO2- and NO3-. More importantly, biological generation of GS-NO was quantitatively demonstrated with RAW264 cells in culture incorporating free GSH in the medium. In conclusion, our novel RS-NO assay will be useful to examine the formation and functions of RS-NOs in biological systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otagiri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003300:Copper; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages; D008628:Mercury; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005029:Ethylenediamines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C095000:Griess reagent; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003300:Copper; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D008628:Mercury; D005978:Glutathione; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide