title: Stapedectomy training with the carbon dioxide laser.
abstract: All primary carbon dioxide (CO2) laser stapedectomies supervised by the senior author since 1986 were retrospectively reviewed and reported according to 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing guidelines. Sixty-three cases had more than 6 weeks of follow-up with an average residual gap of 6.49 dB (SD = 5.55 dB) and an 89% success rate. Thirty cases had more than 1 year of follow-up with the average hearing result of 6.58 dB (SD = 5.93 dB) and an 87% success rate. In 11 cases, 14 operative problems or complications occurred. Suctioning the vestibule occurred in five cases. Because suction is required to evacuate laser smoke, these cases are attributed to the laser. One of these patients had delayed sensorineural hearing loss. One patient had profound delayed sensorineural hearing loss as a result of granuloma formation. These were the only major complications. The laser is a tool that gives reproducible technique and good success rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Human Communication, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, U.S.A.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Haberkamp
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Khafagy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bresemann
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide