title: Study of the effective dose of a topical antifungal agent, omoconazole nitrate, on the basis of percutaneous pharmacokinetics in guinea-pigs and mice.
abstract: The clinically useful optimum dose of omoconazole nitrate, a topical antifungal agent, has been examined by analysing the percutaneous pharmacokinetics of the drug to assess its pharmacological activity in an in-vivo study. Creams containing omoconazole nitrate were prepared on a pilot basis. The therapeutic effect of the omoconazole nitrate creams was examined in an in-vivo pharmacological dermatophytosis infection model in guinea-pigs. Creams containing 0.25% or higher concentrations of omoconazole nitrate resulted in significant inhibition compared with no treatment and with vehicle-treated controls. In the mycological examination no growth of dermatophytes was observed for creams containing 1% or higher concentrations. In an in-vitro hairless mouse skin-permeability test a non-linear least squares program based on a fast inverse Laplace transform algorithm was used to calculate the partition and diffusion parameters of omoconazole nitrate in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis. The time-course of drug concentrations in the skin of the guinea-pig, estimated on the basis of these parameters, led to predictions that percutaneous drug concentrations on the guinea-pig would require 10 or more days to reach equilibrium in the skin; that drug concentrations in the corneum-viable epidermis border, where dermatophytes are considered to grow, would exceed the minimum effective concentration when 0.1% higher concentration creams were used; and that for binding to keratin drug concentrations would reach the practical minimum effective concentration when creams containing 0.5% or more omoconazole nitrate were used. These results show that partition and diffusion parameters obtained from in-vitro skin permeation studies can be used to predict in-vivo percutaneous pharmacokinetics and to estimate therapeutically effective concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Tosu Research Laboratories, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D009824:Ointments; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014005:Tinea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D009824:Ointments; C050566:omoconazole