title: Type II regulatory subunits are not required for the anchoring-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channel activity by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
abstract: Preferential phosphorylation of specific proteins by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) may be mediated in part by the anchoring of PKA to a family of A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) positioned in close proximity to target proteins. This interaction is thought to depend on binding of the type II regulatory (RII) subunits to AKAPs and is essential for PKA-dependent modulation of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate receptor, the L-type Ca2+ channel, and the KCa channel. We hypothesized that the targeted disruption of the gene for the ubiquitously expressed RIIalpha subunit would reveal those tissues and signaling events that require anchored PKA. RIIalpha knockout mice appear normal and healthy. In adult skeletal muscle, RIalpha protein levels increased to partially compensate for the loss of RIIalpha. Nonetheless, a reduction in both catalytic (C) subunit protein levels and total kinase activity was observed. Surprisingly, the anchored PKA-dependent potentiation of the L-type Ca2+ channel in RIIalpha knockout skeletal muscle was unchanged compared with wild type although it was more sensitive to inhibitors of PKA-AKAP interactions. The C subunit colocalized with the L-type Ca2+ channel in transverse tubules in wild-type skeletal muscle and retained this localization in knockout muscle. The RIalpha subunit was shown to bind AKAPs, although with a 500-fold lower affinity than the RIIalpha subunit. The potentiation of the L-type Ca2+ channel in RIIalpha knockout mouse skeletal muscle suggests that, despite a lower affinity for AKAP binding, RIalpha is capable of physiologically relevant anchoring interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 357750, Seattle, WA 98195-7750, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Z E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Hausken
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Westenbroek
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Idzerda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scheuer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Catterall
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: McKnight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D054754:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit; D054756:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; D054746:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D054754:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit; D054756:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; C517835:Prkar1a protein, mouse; C517821:Prkar2a protein, mouse; D054746:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases