title: Can pancreatic steatorrhea be diagnosed without chemical analysis?
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Visual observation of feces, considering fecal output, is considered to be an excellent method of detection of steatorrhea when judged by experienced doctors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Feces from 192 patients with untreated chronic pancreatitis or under pancreatic enzyme therapy were investigated. Feces were collected for three consecutive days and homogenized with water. Fecal samples were freeze-dried and analyzed for fatty acids by gas chromatography (GLC). The quantity of fat was calculated from the amount of fatty acid to obtain daily fecal fat excretion. Comparison of GLC method with van de Kamer method gave a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.916 (n = 38). Steatorrhea was defined as fecal fat excretion exceeding 5 g/d. Mild steatorrhea was defined as 5-10 g/d, and severe steatorrhea as more than 10 g/d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three visual identification items were used to consider fecal output exceeding 200 g/d: fecal fat concentration exceeding 4%, appearance, and odor. The results were compared with the results from GLC method. Detection of steatorrhea by means of visual properties was the most accurate, and correlation coefficient was 0.843 (p < 0.01) by Spearman's rank correlation test. This detection method was also significantly effective for differentiation of normal stool from mild and severe steatorrhea. The sensitivity and specificity were 89.3 and 91.1%, respectively, indicating a favorable result.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tando
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002908:Chronic Disease; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies