title: Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed in bladder during fetal development and stimulated by outlet obstruction.
abstract: Studies were undertaken to assess expression of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in bladder during fetal development and COX-1 and COX-2 expression after outlet obstruction. Bladder tissue or bladder progenitor tissue was harvested from CD-1 murine embryos at embryonic days 11.5 (E11.5), E14.5, E17.5, E20.5 (newborn), and from adult. Bladder obstruction was created in adult female mice by ligating the urethra, and bladders were harvested after 3-24 h of obstruction. Gene expression was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. COX-2 was highly expressed at the early stages of bladder development and declined progressively throughout gestation. In adult bladder, both COX-1 and COX-2 were detectable at low levels under basal conditions. An approximately 30-fold increase in COX-2 mRNA was seen after 24 h of obstruction. In contrast, COX-1 did not change with obstruction. COX-2 mRNA levels peaked at 6 h of obstruction. In regional bladder-distention models, COX-2 induction was confined to the area of distention. Bladder outlet obstruction stimulates COX-2 expression dramatically, reactivating a gene that is highly expressed during fetal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Arend
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schnermann
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Briggs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse