title: Use of balloon-expandable stents for coarctation of the aorta: initial results and intermediate-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we report our preliminary results and intermediate-term follow-up (up to 3.5 years) of stent implantation for coarctation of the aorta (COA).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Balloon angioplasty has gained acceptance as a modality of treatment for COA. Some patients do not respond optimally to balloon angioplasty alone. Balloon-expandable stents have been used in pulmonary arteries and large systemic arteries such as the femoroiliac vessels, with a significant improvement in vessel patency and a reduction in the pressure gradient compared with balloon angioplasty alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients (>10 years old) with COA in whom balloon dilation alone was thought to be ineffective underwent stent implantation. Seven patients had a previous operation or balloon dilation, or both, to relieve their coarctation but had a significant residual/recurrent gradient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of stent implantation, the systolic and mean gradients decreased from a mean (+/-SEM) of 37 +/- 7 and 14 +/- 3 mm Hg to 4 +/- 1 and 2 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, respectively (p < or = 0.002). The coarctation diameter increased from a mean of 9 +/- 1 to 15 +/- 1 mm (p < 0.002). The patients have been followed for up to 42 months (mean 18, median 13) with no complications; the stents remain in position with no fracture. One patient underwent further successful dilation 3 years after stent implantation because of an exercise-induced gradient. No other intervention has been required. The systolic gradient at latest follow-up is 7 +/- 2 mm Hg. Only two (a 44-year old with diabetes and a 50-year old with long-standing hypertension) of five patients previously requiring antihypertensive treatment still remain on medications for blood pressure control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of stents in COA is a feasible alternative to surgical repair or balloon angioplasty in selected patients with an effective gradient reduction. Intermediate-term follow-up shows excellent gradient relief, with no complications in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA. mebeid@ped.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ebeid
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Latson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome