title: Key role for cyclooxygenase-2 in PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor regulation and cerebral blood flow of the newborn.
abstract: Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor nonselective for either COX-1 or COX-2 isoform, upregulates cerebrovascular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2alpha receptors in newborn pigs. COX-2 was shown to be the predominant form of COX and the main catalyst of prostaglandin synthesis in the newborn brain. We proceeded to establish direct evidence that COX-2-generated prostaglandins govern PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor density and function in the cerebral vasculature of the newborn. Hence, we determined PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor density and functions in brain vasculature by using newborn pigs treated with saline, ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitor (valerylsalicylate), or COX-2 inhibitors (DUP-697 and NS-398). Newborn brain PGE2 and PGF2alpha concentrations were significantly reduced by ibuprofen, DUP-697, and NS-398 but not by valerylsalicylate. In newborn pigs treated with DUP-697, NS-398, and ibuprofen, PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor densities in brain microvessels were increased to adult levels; there was also a significant increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production and cerebral vasoconstrictor effects of 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (EP1 receptor agonist), M&B-28767 (EP3 receptor agonist), PGF2alpha, and fenprostalene (PGF2alpha analog). Treatment with ibuprofen or DUP-697 also increased the upper blood pressure limit of cerebral cortex and periventricular blood flow autoregulation from 85 to > or = 125 mmHg (uppermost blood pressure studied). However, valerylsalicylate treatment did not affect cerebrovascular PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptors, IP3 production, or vasoconstrictor effects in newborn animals. These in vivo and in vitro observations indicate that COX-2 is mainly responsible for the regulation of PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptors and their functions in the newborn cerebral vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abran
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Martinez-Bermudez
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guerguerian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almazan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chemtob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; C034671:prostaglandin F2alpha receptor; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D015237:Dinoprost; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases