title: Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha improves myocardial recovery after ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the importance of locally released or paracrine myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the evolution of postischemic myocardial dysfunction and to use immunohistochemical studies to localize TNF-alpha within the myocardium.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  TNF-alpha is implicated as a systemic mediator in the development of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting leukocyte myocardial infiltration, and it has been shown to originate from noncardiac peripheral mononuclear cells. We have recently documented in a blood-free environment the release of TNF-alpha from the ischemic-reperfused myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat hearts undergoing 1 h of global cardioplegia-induced ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion were investigated with use of the modified Langendorff model. Hearts were randomly divided into three subgroups: group A, control group; and groups B and C, isolated hearts receiving cardioplegic solution containing monoclonal hamster antimurine TNF-alpha antibodies (group B) or hamster IgG (group C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant amounts of TNF-alpha were detected in group A and group C effluent on 1 min of reperfusion (752 +/- 212 and 958 +/- 409 pmol/ml, respectively). However, in group B, TNF-alpha was below detectable levels. In this group, postischemic left ventricular peak systolic pressures, first derivative of the rise in left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax), pressure-time integral, coronary flow and O2 consumption improved (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p < 0.0001 for all variables) compared with values in groups A and C; creatine kinase levels decreased (p < 0.005); and myocardial structure was preserved. Immunohistochemical staining localized TNF-alpha to cardiac myocytes and to endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-TNF-alpha neutralizes local TNF-alpha release from cardiac myocytes after ischemia and improves myocardial recovery during reperfusion, indicating that postischemic paracrine TNF-alpha release plays an active role in myocardial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Ischilov Hospital and Institute of Pathology, Elias Sourasky-Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gurevitch
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frolkis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuhas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lifschitz-Mercer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha