title: [The Holt-Oram syndrome. Review of the literature and current orthopedic treatment concepts].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical manifestation of the Holt-Oram-syndrome (HOS) shows congenital heart-disease and anomalies of the upper limb. The inheritance of this syndrome is autosomal dominant. The question arise, as to whether a contemporary orthopedic concept of treatment could developed based on own experiences and data from the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We revised data from five patients with HOS treated at the Clinic for Orthopaedics of the University of Heidelberg. The review of the literature revealed a comprehensive and detailed picture of the clinical syndrome and, furthermore, information in respect to a comparative analysis of methods of treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our patients showed characteristic cardiac anomalies, i.e. atrio and ventricular septal defects, and persisting Botall's duct (three cases). The types of malformation of the upper limb corresponded with those found in the literature. Furthermore the indication for amputation of rudimentary or hypoplastic fingers in the Heidelberg clinic was in accordance with the clinical treatments described worldwide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of treatment of the clubhand in cases with HOS depends on (1) the age and (2) the pattern and degree of accompanying malformations of the upper limb. For patients with aplasia of the thumb or amputation of a rudimental one we recommend pollicisation of the index finger to improve its function.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Universitätsklinik der RWTH Aachen.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Riel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graf
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D013933:Thumb / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery