title: Sulphydryl blocker induced small intestinal inflammation in rats: a new model mimicking Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulphydryl compounds are essential for maintaining mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterise a model of experimental inflammation in the small intestine induced by a sulphydryl blocker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammation in the small intestine was induced in rats by intrajejunal administration of 0.1 ml 2% iodoacetamide. The possible amelioration of the damage induced was modulated by intragastric administration of TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl; 50 mg/100 g body weight), ketotifen (200 micrograms/100 g body weight), or by addition of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; 0.1 mg/ml) or apocynin (120 micrograms/ml) to the drinking water. Rats were sacrificed at various time intervals, the small intestine resected, weighed, macroscopic lesions were assessed, and mucosal generation of inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide synthase activity were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrajejunal administration of iodoacetamide induced, after one week, multifocal mucosal erosions, ulcerations with granulomas and giant Langhans cells. At two weeks, the mucosa was almost macroscopically intact but histologically epithelial granuloma and giant cells were present. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in the first 24 hours, one week later mucosal nitric oxide synthase activity and generation of leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4 and thromboxane B2 were increased, whereas prostaglandin E2 generation was decreased notably. Ketotifen and apocynin significantly decreased the extent of injury which was not affected by TEMPOL or L-NAME.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jejunal inflammation induced by the sulphydryl blocker, iodoacetamide, resembles the pathological changes in Crohn's disease. The protective effect of ketotifen and apocynin indicates the contribution of O2- and pro-inflammatory mediators to the pathogenesis of the damage, and may be a novel approach to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rachmilewitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karmeli
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003424:Crohn Disease; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004751:Enteritis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007460:Iodoacetamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007665:Ketotifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013113:Spin Labels; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D013113:Spin Labels; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; C056165:acetovanillone; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C001803:tempol; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007665:Ketotifen; D007460:Iodoacetamide