title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with bronchiolitis obliterans after bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: After allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia, spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema developed in a patient with bronchiolitis obliterans. Computed tomography scanning of the chest failed to reveal the cause. There was no evidence of a pulmonary process, pneumothorax, or pharyngeal or upper airway leak. Despite the alarming appearance of the patient, conservative management, including high-flow oxygen, resulted in resolution of the pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. The cause of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in bone marrow transplant recipients is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galanis
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Litzow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tefferi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000209:etiology