title: Centromeric pyrimidine strands fold into an intercalated motif by forming a double hairpin with a novel T:G:G:T tetrad: solution structure of the d(TCCCGTTTCCA) dimer.
abstract: The solution structures of the oligodeoxynucleotides d(CCCGTTTCC) and d(TCCCGTTTCCA) have been determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. These oligomers are part of a DNA box in human centromeric alpha satellite targeted by the centromere protein B (CENP-B). Both CENP-B and its recognition box in alphoid DNA are conserved in mammals, suggesting an important biological role. At acidic pH, d(CCCGTTTCC), d(TCCCGTTTCCA) and the full d(TCCCGTTTCCAACGAAG) CENP-B box strand all fold and dimerize in solution forming a stable bimolecular structure containing two GTTT hairpin loops that interact through a novel T : G : G : T tetrad. The stem region of the dimer is a four-stranded intercalated motif in which the hairpin monomers are parallel and held together by C : C+ hydrogen-bonding and intercalation. The loops are at the same end of the dimer and lie across the narrow grooves of the tetraplex. They are remarkably structured and stabilized by base-base cross-stacking, sugar-base stacking, and parallel G:G and antiparallel G:T pairing. In the d(TCCCGTTTCCA)2 structure, the intercalated motif is continued at the other end of the dimer with unpaired but stacked adenine and thymine bases. The possible biological implications of these structures are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D001324:Autoantigens; D002503:Centromere / Q000737:chemistry; D051936:Centromere Protein B; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C497926:CENPB protein, human; D051936:Centromere Protein B; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011522:Protons; D012996:Solutions; D004247:DNA