title: Effects of neuroleptic and anticonvulsant drugs on repeated acquisition learning in microencephalic and normal rats.
abstract: Neuroleptic and anticonvulsant drugs are used to reduce the occurrence of aberrant behaviors, seizures, or both in individuals with mental retardation. However, their use may disrupt the learning of desired skills, and the extent to which anatomical (e.g., microencephaly) or biochemical abnormalities or both in such individuals alter the effects of drugs on learning is not known. In this study, the effects of neuroleptics and anticonvulsants on learning and performance in a repeated acquisition task in methylazoxymethanol-induced microencephalic and saline control rats were assessed. Thioridazine was more potent in microencephalic rats than in control rats in increasing errors and decreasing response rates. Clozapine was equally potent in both microencephalic and control rats in increasing errors and decreasing response rates. The effect of carbamazepine was biphasic in both rat groups: Low doses decreased errors and increased response rates, whereas higher doses did the opposite.
authors.affiliation: Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA. loupe@dole.lsi.ukans.edu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Loupe
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tessel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008746:Methylazoxymethanol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D013723:Teratogens; D008746:Methylazoxymethanol Acetate; D003024:Clozapine; C030667:methylazoxymethanol; D013881:Thioridazine