title: Subretinal lavage: a technique of continuous subretinal irrigation for removal of traumatic submacular hemorrhage.
abstract: A 12-year-old female patient suffered a horse kick to her face, resulting in various orbital fractures and blunt eye trauma. Upon ophthalmoscopy, an extensive subretinal hemorrhage was revealed under the macula, reaching to both vascular arcades. The visual acuity was 20/300. Five days after the accident, the patient was referred for vitreoretinal surgery. After standard vitrectomy, a small retinotomy was made at the temporal raphe. A second infusion was directed under the retina, thereby separating it carefully from the clot. The blot clot was exposed to tissue plasminogen activator (0.012 mg/0.1 ml) for 30 min. The liquefied blood was then washed out by continuous irrigation with buffered saline solution. The procedure was terminated by gas tamponade. Eleven days after surgery, the patient's vision had returned to 20/60. At 10 months after surgery, her vision was 20/30. No new hemorrhage was observed, nor did any fibrovascular proliferation occur from choroidal rupture. Continuous infusion instead of use of syringes for irrigation reduces the frequency of instrument passages through the pars plana and vitreous base, which may help reduce the risk of iatrogenic ora lesions. Surgery should be performed within 7 days to avoid toxic or metabolic retinal damage.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Steinhorst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theischen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator