title: Lack of correlation between activation of Jun-NH2-terminal kinase and induction of apoptosis after detachment of epithelial cells.
abstract: Detachment of epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix leads to induction of programmed cell death, a process that has been termed "anoikis." It has been reported recently that detachment of MDCK cells from matrix results in activation of Jun-NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and speculated that these stress activated protein kinases play a causal role in the induction of anoikis (Frisch, S.M., K. Vuori, D. Kelaita, and S. Sicks. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:1377-1382). We report here that although JNK is activated by detachment of normal MDCK cells, study of cell lines expressing activated signaling proteins usually controlled by Ras shows that stimulation of JNK fails to correlate with induction of anoikis. Activated phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase and activated PKB/Akt protect MDCK cells from detachment-induced apoptosis without suppressing JNK activation. Conversely, activated Raf and dominant negative SEK1, a JNK kinase, attenuate detachment-induced JNK activation without protecting from apoptosis. zVAD-fmk, a peptide inhibitor of caspases, prevents MDCK cell anoikis without affecting JNK activation. p38, a related stress-activated kinase, is also stimulated by detachment from matrix, but inhibition of this kinase with SB 203580 does not protect from anoikis. It is therefore unlikely that either JNK or p38 play a direct role in detachment-induced programmed cell death in epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); C093642:SB 203580