title: Prevention of testicular damage by free-radical scavengers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of free radicals as mediators of ischemic injury to the testicle has been the subject of much investigation. We studied whether the testicular damage induced in the rat by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) can be prevented by administration of free-radical scavengers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 45) were divided into 9 groups as follows: a negative control group; two positive control groups, one of which received injection of 1 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 and the other 4 mg/kg body weight; and six cotreatment groups, each of which underwent one of these three procedures but was concurrently treated with heparin, oxypurinol, or superoxide dismutase (SOD). The damage was assessed by measurement of testicular weight, lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X) activity, and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Testicular weight decreased significantly in the positive control groups (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control group, whereas testicular weight in oxypurinol or SOD cotreatment groups did not decrease significantly with the exception of those rats given the higher dose of CdCl2. The results were similar with regard to testicular LDH-X activity and histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that CdCl2 induces impairment of testicular function and causes a marked reduction in testicular LDH-X activity; that LDH-X activity is a biological marker of testicular damage; and that, except at high doses of CdCl2, this damage can be prevented by oxypurinol or SOD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Loughlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019256:Cadmium Chloride