title: LPS induces late cardiac functional protection against ischemia independent of cardiac and circulating TNF-alpha.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha independently induce cardioprotection against ischemia in the rat at 24 h after administration, suggesting that endogenously synthesized TNF-alpha may play a role in LPS-induced protection. The purposes of this study were 1) to delineate the time course of LPS-induced cardiac functional protection against ischemia and its relation with myocardial and circulating TNF-alpha profile, 2) to examine whether prior protein synthesis inhibition abrogates the protection, and 3) to assess the effects of TNF-alpha inhibition and neutralization on the protection. Rats were treated with LPS (0.5 mg/kg i.p.). Cardiac functional resistance to normothermic global ischemia-reperfusion was examined at sequential time points after LPS treatment in isolated hearts by the Langendorff technique. Myocardial and circulating TNF-alpha was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1-24 h after LPS treatment. Protection was apparent at 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days but not at 2 or 12 h. Maximal protection at 3 days was abolished by cycloheximide pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg i.p. 3 h before LPS treatment). Increases in myocardial and circulating TNF-alpha preceded the acquisition of protection. Dexamethasone pretreatment (4.0 or 8.0 mg/kg i.p. 30 min before LPS treatment) abolished peak increase in myocardial TNF-alpha and substantially suppressed circulating TNF-alpha (54.3 and 85.9% inhibition, respectively) without an influence on the maximal protection. Similarly, maximal protection was not affected by TNF binding protein (40 or 80 microg/kg i.v. immediately after LPS treatment). The results suggest that LPS-induced cardiac functional protection against ischemia is a delayed and long-lasting protective response that may involve de novo protein synthesis. Although LPS-induced increase in myocardial and circulating TNF-alpha precedes the delayed protection, it may not be required for the delayed protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003513:Cycloheximide