title: COUP-TF and Sp1 interact and cooperate in the transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in human microglial cells.
abstract: We have recently reported that chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene transcription in glial and neuronal cells. Here, we have examined the role of COUP-TF in microglial cells, the major target cells for HIV-1 infection in brain. We show that COUP-TF activates gene expression from both the lymphotropic LAI and the macrophage-tropic JR-FL HIV-1 strains. Although COUP-TF binds to the -352/-320 nuclear receptor responsive element of the long terminal repeat, it functions as a transcriptional activator by acting on the -68/+29 minimal promoter. This region is a direct target of transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3. We report the discovery and features of a physical and functional interplay between COUP-TF and Sp1. Our cotransfection experiments provide evidence for a functional synergism between Sp1 and COUP-TF leading to enhanced transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat through the Sp1 element. In contrast, Sp3 functions as a repressor of Sp1- or COUP-TF-induced activation. We further demonstrate that COUP-TF and Sp1 are capable of physically interacting, via the DNA-binding domain of COUP-TF, in vitro and in the cell. These findings reveal how the novel interplay of Sp1 and COUP-TF families of transcription factors regulate HIV-1 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Unité 338 INSERM, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aunis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
mesh_terms: D051838:COUP Transcription Factor I; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051838:COUP Transcription Factor I; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497589:NR2F1 protein, human; C497121:SP3 protein, human; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor