title: Histopathologic findings of advanced neuroblastoma after intensive induction chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Histopathologic findings of advanced neuroblastoma after intensive induction chemotherapy have not been studied well.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, all of the surgical specimens from 19 patients who had advanced abdominal neuroblastoma and were pretreated intensively with the protocol of the Study Group of Japan were reviewed. The authors found that dissection of the contralateral lymph nodes is mandatory in advanced neuroblastoma when the goal is the complete dissection of the abdominal disease. Effects of chemotherapy were graded histologically according to the ratio of viable residual neuroblastoma tissue to total areas of the tumor, including neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, hemorrhage, necrosis and fibrosis, in five ranks from ( ) to (-).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly introduced, highly cytotoxic regimen of the Japanese protocol, designated "A3," appears to be more effective histologically than the conventional regimen, designated "A1" or "new A1." Effects designated ( ) or (++) were prerequisites for survival in stage IV disease, but some stage III patients with the (+) effect survived.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Children's Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honna
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melanowska
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003657:Decision Making; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin