title: Cine-MR imaging of the shoulder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shoulder lesions are usually examined with the joint in only one or two positions. We examined the shoulder with the joint in a variety of positions. We also assessed the application of cine-MR to the detection of instability and impingement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cine-MR examinations were performed in 30 patients and 15 healthy volunteers. We used an open 0.2 T system and a closed 1.0 T system. Spoiled gradient echo 2D T1-weighted images and turbo spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained with a field of view of 180 mm. The examinations were videotaped and evaluated later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal variations of the glenohumeral joint were easy to recognize. Sub-luxations and luxations of the humeral head as well as rupture of the labrum were identified. It was also possible to identify the labrum with a signal change after arthroscopic refixation. And we were able to objectively assess distances between the osseous structures during dynamic movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike static MR, cine-MR would appear to be useful in visualizing the capsular ligament complex of the gleno-humeral joint in impingement and instability. It also provides information on dynamic changes and may thus prove to be an important tool for shoulder diagnostics. The method may provide an early diagnosis in the sub-acromial impingement syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Allmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gufler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Biebow
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hauer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kotter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reichelt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000174:Acromion / Q000473:pathology; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000473:pathology; D007089:Image Enhancement; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000473:pathology; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012421:Rupture; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014743:Videotape Recording