title: Motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: We report on motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy among 811 levodopa-responsive patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), stratified by duration after diagnosis. Predictable "offs" were noted in 20.2% of patients in the first 5 years, in 58.3% after 15 years. Unpredictable or sudden offs and early morning dystonia were less common. Longer duration was associated with greater percentages of patients with off periods or dyskinesias (up to 70% after 15 years), although patients with 6-15 years' duration saw relatively little increase in frequency of those complications, and a minority of patients (approximately 30%) with duration into the second decade did not experience off periods or dyskinesia. Across groups, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage and daily levodopa dosage progressively increase (and mean Schwab and England disability ratings decrease), but more conservatively than in prior reports in the postlevodopa era. We note that with advancing PD duration, levodopa complications are more common, but in many cases there appear to be relatively stable periods in terms of levodopa dosage and disease severity, and a minority of patients will be relatively free of motor complications into the second decade of their disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7314, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pahwa
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tröster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hubble
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Busenbark
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michalek
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa