title: Recording of EEG during fMRI experiments: patient safety.
abstract: The acquisition of electroencephalograms (EEG) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments raises important practical issues of patient safety. The presence of electrical wires connected to the patient in rapidly changing magnetic fields results in currents flowing through the patient due to induced electromotive forces (EMF), by three possible mechanisms: fixed loop in rapidly changing gradient fields; fixed loop in a RF electromagnetic field; moving loop in the static magnetic field. RF-induced EMFs were identified as the most important potential hazard. We calculated the minimum value of current-limiting resistance to be fitted in each EEG electrode lead for a representative worst case loop, and measured RF magnetic field intensity and heating in a specific type of current-limiting resistors. The results show that electrode resistance should be > or = 13 k(omega) for our setup. The methodology presented is general and can be useful for other centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franconi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Symms
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fish
mesh_terms: D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012449:Safety; D013696:Temperature