title: Combined castration and fractionated radiotherapy in an experimental prostatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study using the Dunning R3327-PAP rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model was designed to study the effect on tumor growth of castration prior to or after irradiation with 20-25 Gy as compared with either irradiation or castration alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were bilaterally orchidectomized. During the irradiation procedure the nonanesthetized animals were held in a metallic frame with a strong cotton net and they were observed by means of a video camera. The suboptimal irradiation dose was given once daily with a 4-MeV linear accelerator, 4-5 Gy/fraction, during 5 consecutive days. Tumor volumes and rat weights were followed. At the end point of the study the animals were sacrificed and the tumors were morphometrically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of irradiation and castration delayed tumor regrowth better than irradiation alone with the same suboptimal dose. Castration before irradiation delayed tumor regrowth more efficiently than castration after irradiation. However, castration alone delayed tumor regrowth even more effectively than suboptimal irradiation doses combined with castration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In combination with suboptimal irradiation neoadjuvant androgen deprivation was more inhibitory to rat prostatic adenocarcinoma regrowth than adjuvant androgen deprivation. Irradiation with suboptimal doses combined with castration may cause an earlier relapse to androgen-independent tumor growth than castration alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Granfors
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Damber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landström
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Löfroth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Widmark
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D051381:Rats