title: Bladder biofeedback for the treatment of refractory sensory urgency in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of bladder biofeedback in patients with sensory urgency refractory to medication and classical bladder training.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 such patients a non-electronic technique of bladder biofeedback was used. Ambulatory treatment sessions were done once a week for 4 weeks, as opposed to every 14 days, with a mean total treatment period of 8 weeks. Micturition charts were completed before, during and 14 days after treatment by the patient. Before starting, patients had a mean of 15.8 micturitions/day, 2.3 micturitions/night, and a mean functional bladder capacity of 96 ml (26-172 ml). Urodynamic investigation showed a low-capacity bladder, hypersensitivity in some patients, and normal urodynamic parameters in others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of biofeedback, patients had a mean of 5.7 micturitions/day, 0.3 micturitions/night, and a mean functional bladder capacity of 296 ml (163-470 ml). The results 9 months after completing the treatment were unchanged. Quality of life improved substantially in all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder biofeedback is a valuable treatment for sensory urgency refractory to classical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Antwerpen, Belgium.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wyndaele
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoekx
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vermandel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014554:Urination; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*