title: Splenic abscess: another look at an old disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the changes in the incidence, causes, bacteriologic profile, and management of a splenic abscess.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary, university referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients with a splenic abscess.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnostic methods, bacteriologic profile, treatment, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients presented at a mean age of 43 years (range, 2-83 years), after a mean symptomatic period of 16 days, with fever (69%), abdominal pain (56%), nausea and vomiting (38%), and splenomegaly (31%). The majority of abscesses represented metastatic infection (n=19), and 11 were secondary to immunosuppression. Twelve patients had human immunodeficiency virus disease and 9 used intravenous drugs. In patients who underwent computed tomography, all had abnormal scans (n=33), with a well-defined abscess(es) in 28. Nine abscesses were polymicrobial; monomicrobial isolates included gram-positive organisms (23%), gram-negative organisms (31%), fungi (23%), and mycobacteria (23%). Patients presenting before 1989 (1981-1988) (n=15) and those presenting after 1989 (1989-1996) (n=24) differed in risk factors (intravenous drug abuse, 0% vs 47% [P=.02]; hematologic malignancy, 43% vs 9% [P=.04]) and gram-positive isolates (18% vs 64%; P=.06). Patients underwent splenectomy (n=18), open drainage (n=4), medical therapy (n=10), or percutaneous drainage (n=5) with respective survival rates of 94%, 50%, 70%, and 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 1996, splenic abscesses are increasingly common. Intravenous drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus disease are significant risk factors, and the diagnosis should be considered in a patient with fever and abdominal pain who uses intravenous drugs. Antimicrobial agents should be broad since 36% of abscesses were polymicrobial, and should include coverage of gram-positive organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md 21287-4605, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Radosevich
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lipsett
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology