title: Influence of estradiol and androstenedione on ACTH and cortisol secretion in the ovine fetus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that physiologic increases in fetal plasma 17 beta-estradiol and androstenedione modulate the activity of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen pregnant ewes and their fetuses were chronically catheterized. At the time of surgery, the fetuses received implants that released 17 beta-estradiol (n = 5) alone or 17 beta-estradiol and androstenedione (n = 6), each at a rate of approximately 250 micrograms/day for each steroid. The control group (n = 6) received either no pellet (n = 2) or a "placebo" pellet, which contained no steroid (n = 4). Fetal blood samples were drawn for hormone and blood gas analysis at 1-3-day intervals until the time of spontaneous parturition. Fetal plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were fit to semilogarithmic equations and analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis for statistically significant effects of 17 beta-estradiol and androstenedione.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estradiol significantly increased and androstenedione significantly decreased the ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Treatment with both 17 beta-estradiol and androstenedione resulted in parturition approximately 4 days earlier than in the other groups (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiologic increases in fetal plasma estradiol and androstenedione modify the activity of the HPA axis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Saoud
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000097:blood*; D012756:Sheep / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000735:Androstenedione; D004958:Estradiol; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D010100:Oxygen; D006854:Hydrocortisone