title: Preliminary evidence for cyclosporin A as an alternative in the treatment of recalcitrant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile dermatomyositis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) with and without methotrexate (MTX) in refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients (17 with JRA, 5 with JDMS) with refractory disease were studied retrospectively. All received CyA at a mean dose of 3.2 mg/kg/day over a mean period of 16 mo (range 6-42). All other medications except nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, prednisone, and hydroxychloroquine were discontinued. In addition, 16/22 patients received concomitant MTX.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements in laboratory variables, joint counts, joint swelling, and morning stiffness were observed in most of the children with JRA. Muscle strength increased and muscle enzyme levels decreased in the patients with JDMS. CyA treatment permitted prednisone to be discontinued in 5/20 and reduced by greater than 50% in 10/20 patients. There was no evidence of hepatic or bone marrow toxicity or lymphoproliferative disease. Serum creatinine increased in 13/22 patients, but the actual values all remained within normal limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CyA may be an effective agent in the treatment of refractory JRA and JDMS and concomitant MTX seems to be well tolerated. These preliminary data also suggest that combined CyA/MTX therapy may be associated with further improvement in clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles 90027, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiff
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rawlings
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Szer
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate