title: Relative blood volume measurements by magnetic resonance imaging facilitate detection of testicular torsion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors determine the utility of relative blood volume measurements (rBV) using a blood pool marker for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of early testicular torsion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular torsion was induced in rats by counterclockwise 720 degrees rotation and fixation of the testis in the scrotum. MPEG-PL-DTPA-Gd enhanced MRI (30 mumol Gd/kg bolus injection) was performed 1 hour after torsion at 1.5 T using fat-suppressed three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-recalled sequence for relative blood volume measurement and three-dimensional time-of-flight sequence for MR angiography (MRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rBV of the torqued testes was significantly lower (13.3% +/- 13.5%) than that of testes with sham operation (97.7% +/- 5.3%; P < 0.05). Rats with testicular torsion showed larger regions of ischemia than did animals with sham operation (63.4% +/- 13.0% versus 4.0% +/- 2.8% of all pixels in testis; P < 0.01). The MRA of testicular torsion showed engorgement of the distal testicular vein as a sign of venous compression or total disappearance of the testicular vein, indicating arterial insufficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that MPEG-PL-DTPA-Gd can be used to obtain functional (rBV), morphologic (tunica enhancement), and angiographic (venous engorgement, arterial compromise) findings that should improve the diagnosis of testicular torsion in the acute setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogdanov
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissleder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001810:Blood Volume; D001811:Blood Volume Determination; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: C094185:technetium Tc 99m methoxypoly(ethylene)glycol-polylysyl-DTPA; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate