title: Antibodies to GAD and glycemic control in recent-onset IDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and islet cells (ICA512Ab) on glycemic control early in IDDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  GAD65Ab and ICA512Ab were measured twice in 35 patients (10 male, 25 female; age 10-40 years) initially within 2 years of diagnosis and again 1 year later. The glycosylated hemoglobin was measured one to four times each year, and the average glycosylated hemoglobin for the preceding year was calculated each time the antibodies were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean HbA1 at the time of the initial evaluation was 8.04 +/- 0.30 (reference range 4.7-7.3% for nondiabetic patients), the average GAD65Ab index was 0.735 +/- 0.306, and the mean ICA512Ab index was 1.94 +/- 0.65. The GAD65Ab index correlated with HbA1 (r = 0.41, P < 0.025), whereas the ICA512Ab index did not (r = 0.13). One year later, the mean GAD65Ab index was 0.94 +/- 0.34, the mean ICA512Ab index was 1.04 +/- 0.40, and the mean HbA1 was 9.03 +/- 0.30. The GAD65Ab index correlated with HbA1 (r = 0.61 P < 0.001), whereas the ICA512Ab index did not (r = -0.06). Stratification of patients into tertiles according to the average GAD65 index revealed, at the follow-up evaluation, that the better glycemic control in the lowest GAD65Ab tertile was accomplished with significantly less insulin (0.43 +/- 0.08 U/kg for the lowest tertile vs. 0.71 +/- 0.09 and 0.64 +/- 0.09 for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, patients with IDDM and low GAD65Ab have better glycemic control even though they require less insulin. The ICA512Ab index, however, fails to correlate with glycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-9159, USA. bmusick@wvudeptmed1.hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hoeldtke
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bryner
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Byerly
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lernmark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin