title: Classification of microcalcifications in radiographs of pathologic specimens for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early detection of breast cancer depends on accurate classification of microcalcifications. We have developed a computer vision system that has the potential to classify microcalcifications objectively and consistently to aid radiologists in diagnosing breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convolution neural network (CNN) was used to classify benign and malignant microcalcifications in radiographs of pathologic specimens. Digital images were acquired by digitizing radiographs at a high resolution of 21 microns x 21 microns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty regions of interest selected from digitized radiographs of pathologic specimens were used for training and testing of the neural network system. The CNN achieved an Az value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.90 in classifying clusters of microcalcifications associated with benign and malignant processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classification of microcalcifications in pathologic specimens for diagnosis of breast cancer was achieved at a high level in our computer vision system, which consists of high-resolution digitization of mammograms and a CNN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zuurbier
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mun
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008433:Mathematics; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity