title: Optical coherence tomography of the human skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new diagnostic method for tissue characterization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated normal and pathologic structures in human skin in several locations to evaluate the potential application of this technique to dermatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry, cross-sectional images of the human skin can be obtained in vivo with a high spatial resolution of about 15 microns. Within a penetration depth of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, structures of the stratum corneum, the living epidermis, and the papillary dermis can be distinguished.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different layers could be detected that were differentiated by induction of experimental blisters and by comparison with corresponding histologic sections. Furthermore, OCT images of several skin diseases and tumors were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCT is a promising new imaging method for visualization of morphologic changes of superficial layers of the human skin. It may be useful for noninvasive diagnosis of bullous skin diseases, skin tumors, and in vivo investigation of pharmacologic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welzel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lankenau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birngruber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D001768:Blister / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006225:Hand / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D018327:Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007368:Interferometry; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009262:Nails / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012872:Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*