title: Poor stereopsis can support size constancy in albinism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The size of a retinal image is inversely related to the distance to the object that generates the image. Normal subjects therefore exhibit size constancy, in which the perceived size of an image is scaled according to its perceived distance. Albinos usually have such poor binocular vision that they perform very poorly on clinical tests for stereopsis. To investigate the functional consequences of this poor stereopsis, we investigated whether stereopsis in these subjects could support size constancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stereothresholds of 10 albinos and 12 normal control subjects were measured. The presence of absence of size constancy was investigated by having subjects equate the subjective size of stereoscopically presented images whose image disparity indicated that they were at different distances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laboratory results indicated that eight albinos (including five whose clinical tests indicated a lack of stereopsis) had measurable stereopsis of several thousand are seconds or better. Of these, four also exhibited size constancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albinos who do not demonstrate stereopsis on clinical tests can have stereoscopic perception that commonly used clinical tests do not detect. Moreover, some of these patients even use this poor stereopsis in judging the size of stereoscopically presented images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cobo-Lewis
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Siatkowski
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Laviña
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Marquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016115:Albinism, Oculocutaneous / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D012858:Size Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity