title: Evaluation of prognostic factors for dogs with primary lung tumors: 67 cases (1985-1992).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine associations between clinical and histologic factors in dogs with primary lung tumors and outcome and to develop a histologic grading method for primary lung tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  67 dogs undergoing thoracotomy and lobectomy for primary lung tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records and histologic sections were reviewed to evaluate factors of prognostic importance. Association of these factors with disease-free interval (DFI) and survival time was evaluated, using the Cox proportional hazards model. Median DFI and survival time were determined, using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical and histologic factors significantly associated with prognosis were histologic score, detection of clinical signs, and metastasis to regional lymph nodes. On the basis of histologic score, a histologic grading method was developed. Dogs with well-differentiated tumors had significantly longer survival time and DFI (median DFI, 493 days) than dogs with moderately (median DFI, 191 days) or poorly (median DFI, 0 days) differentiated tumors. Dogs with clinical signs or metastasis to regional lymph nodes had shorter survival times and DFI than dogs in which lung masses were discovered as an incidental finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dogs with well-differentiated, nonmetastasized, primary lung tumors that do not have clinical signs associated with the tumor have a favorable prognosis. Dogs with more advanced disease or aggressive tumors histologically may require treatment, such as chemotherapy in combination with surgery. The grading method proposed here for primary lung tumors may be useful in other dogs with primary lung tumors.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Oncology Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McNiel
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Withrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014944:World Health Organization