title: Prognostic influence of increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels in unstable coronary artery disease. FRISC Study Group. Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic influences of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels and their relations to myocardial damage in unstable coronary artery syndromes have not been well described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were determined at inclusion and related to outcome after 5 months in 965 patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction randomized to 5 weeks with low-molecular-weight heparin or placebo. The probabilities of death were 1.6%, 4.6%, and 6.9% (P=.005) and the probabilities of death and/or myocardial infarction were 9.3%, 14.2%, and 19.1% (P=.002), respectively, in patients stratified by tertiles of fibrinogen (< 3.38, 3.38 to 3.99, and > or = 4.0 g/L). The probabilities of death were 2.2%, 3.6%, and 7.5% (P=.003) after stratification of patient data by tertiles of C-reactive protein level (< 2, 2 to 10, and > 10 mg/L). In logistic multiple regression analysis, increased fibrinogen levels were independently associated with the incidence of death and/or myocardial infarction (P=.013), and elevated C-reactive protein level was associated with the incidence of death (P=.012). The increased relative risk of subsequent death or myocardial infarction in individuals with an elevated fibrinogen level was consistent in most subgroups evaluated; although significantly so only in patients with signs of myocardial damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of both fibrinogen and C-reactive protein are associated with a worse outcome in patients with unstable coronary artery disease. The increased risk associated with elevated fibrinogen levels is independent of, and additive to, the prognostic influence of myocardial damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toss
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siegbahn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wallentin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood; D020107:Troponin T
chemical_list: D014336:Troponin; D020107:Troponin T; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein