title: Endoscopic photocoagulation of the ciliary body for treatment of refractory glaucomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of refractory glaucomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preoperative and postoperative courses of 68 eyes of 68 patients who underwent endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Study patients had diverse forms of glaucoma, and most had failed maximal medical therapy as well as failed filtration or transscleral cyclodestructive procedures, or both. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation treatment encompassed 180 to 360 degrees of the ciliary body circumference and was performed through a limbal incision (56 eyes, 12 of which underwent concurrent cataract extraction) or pars plana incision (12 eyes). A second laser treatment was required in five eyes (7%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the mean follow-up period of 12.9 months, mean +/- SD intraocular pressure decreased from 27.7 +/- 10.3 mm Hg preoperatively to 17.0 +/- 6.7 mm Hg at the final postoperative visit (P < .0001), for a mean reduction of 10.7 mm Hg and a mean percent decrease of 34%. Sixty-one eyes (90%) achieved an intraocular pressure < or = 21 mm Hg. Using this definition of success, Kaplan-Meier analysis predicted a successful outcome in 94% of patients after 1 year and 82% after 2 years. The mean number of glaucoma medications used by each patient was reduced from 3.0 +/- 1.3 preoperatively to 2.0 +/- 1.3 postoperatively (P < .0001). Best-corrected visual acuity was stable or improved in 64 eyes (94%), with four (6%) losing 2 or more lines of Snellen acuity. No case of hypotony (intraocular pressure < 5 mm Hg) or phthisis was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These early results suggest that endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for refractory glaucomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alvarado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity