title: Associations of oral contraceptive use with serum lipids and lipoproteins in young women: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum lipids and lipoproteins with oral contraceptive (OC) use were examined among white and black women aged 18-27 years in 1985-86 and 1988-1991 in the Bogalusa Heart Study, a study of cardiovascular disease in a Southern community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses of covariance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1985-1986, white OC users had significantly (p < 0.05) higher adjusted mean total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols, and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared with nonusers; black OC users had higher triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol. In 1988-1991, white OC users had higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, while black OC users had higher triglycerides. OC use was unrelated to mean HDL cholesterol levels in 1988-1991; however, a lower percentage of white OC users than nonusers in 1988-1991 had HDL cholesterol levels < 35 mg/dl. Longitudinally, white OC nonusers at baseline who used OCs at follow-up had significant increases from baseline levels in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL cholesterols; black women showed an increase only in LDL cholesterol. White women who stopped using OCs by follow-up had a decrease in VLDL and LDL cholesterols, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. White OC users at both exams also had a significant increase in HDL cholesterol, whereas women who began using OCs by follow-up did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unfavorable lipid profile associated with OC use was not apparent upon discontinued use. Lack of an adverse effect of OC use on HDL cholesterol at follow-up may be the result of changing formulations, and requires further examination.
authors.affiliation: Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Greenlund
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wattigney
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044383:Black People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008145:Louisiana; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol