title: A diffuse white matter ischemic lesion appearing 7 years after stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little information is available about radiation-induced complications occurring more than 5 years after radiosurgical treatment for arteriovenous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a patient with arteriovenous malformations who experienced hemimotor weakness caused by a diffuse white matter necrotic lesion developing 7 years after gamma knife radiosurgery. The original nidus had been too large (24.1 cm3) to be totally covered and irradiated with a peripheral dose of 20 to 25 Gy. Therefore, the lower half of the nidus, which was adjacent to the major feeding artery, had been partially covered with a 30% isodose volume using two target points with an 18-mm collimator. A central dose of 70 Gy was used to obtain 21 Gy at the periphery. Complete nidus obliteration was angiographically confirmed 38 months after radiosurgery. After a 6-year uncomplicated period, this patient experienced a convulsive seizure and then mild right hemiparesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computed tomography demonstrated a diffuse hypodense area in the left white matter, which had not been revealed by the previous examination. With steroid treatment, this patient achieved clinical improvement, although there was no significant improvement in the computed tomography-demonstrated white matter lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the evaluation of this patient may not be sufficient and further examinations may be necessary, we tentatively conclude that the computed tomography-demonstrated hypodense lesion in this patient is a radiation-related necrotic lesion. Long-term follow-up is crucial, even after the "treatment goal" has been achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical College Dai-ni Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimbo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed