title: Both the cyclic AMP response element and the activator protein 2 binding site mediate basal and cyclic AMP-induced transcription from the dominant promoter of the rat alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor gene in DDT1MF-2 cells.
abstract: cAMP markedly increases alpha 1B adrenergic receptor (alpha 1B-AR) expression in FRTL-5 and PC C13 rat thyroid cells, DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle cells, primary rat hepatocytes, and K9 rat liver cells. Here, we used DDT1MF-2 cells to evaluate further the mechanisms by which cAMP stimulates alpha 1B-AR expression. Receptor binding assays, Northern blotting, and nuclear run-on analyses demonstrated that forskolin (1 microM) in the presence of isobutylmethylxanthine (0.25 mM) increased alpha 1B-AR numbers, mRNA level, and gene transcription rate by 2.3 +/- 0.2-, 2.5 +/- 0.3-, and 3.5 +/- 0.2-fold over control, respectively. Dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (0.25 mM) also enhanced alpha 1B-AR density by 2.7 +/- 0.1-fold over control. Further experiments demonstrated that the induction of alpha 1B-AR by forskolin requires new protein synthesis and is protein kinase A dependent. In DDT1MF-2 cells transfected with alpha 1B-AR gene P2 promoter/CAT constructs, both forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP significantly increased P2 promoter activity. The P2 promoter region of the rat alpha 1B-AR gene (-813 to -432) contains a cAMP response element (CRE) (-444 to -437) and an AP2 binding site (-647 to -638). Mutations in either one of these elements alone led to a decrease in both basal and cAMP-induced P2 promoter activity. Mutations in both elements caused a further inhibition of basal transcription and a complete block of cAMP-induced P2 promoter activity. Direct binding of purified activator protein 2 (AP2) to the AP2 element in the P2 promoter was reported previously. Gel mobility shift and super-shift assays using liver nuclear extracts from either rat liver or DDT1MF-2 cells demonstrated that the CRE in the alpha 1B-AR gene bound CRE binding protein. These data indicate that both the CRE and the AP2 element in the P2 promoter contribute to basal as well as cAMP-induced transcription of the alpha 1B-AR gene in DDT1MF-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA. bgao@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kunos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C547718:Adra1b protein, rat; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005576:Colforsin; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP