title: Intraoperative gamma detection reveals abdominal endocrine tumors more efficiently than somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  [(111)In]-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-D-[Phe1]-octreotide (OctreoScan, Mallinckrodt Medical, Petten, The Netherlands), combined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), has limited possibilities to detect small abdominal endocrine tumors. This study explores the efficacy of OctreoScan and a newly developed handheld gamma detector probe (H-probe2) for the localization of neuroendocrine abdominal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with endocrine pancreatic or midgut carcinoid tumors were given 100-200 megabecquerels (MBq) [(111)In]-DTPA-D-[Phe1]-octreotide and underwent preoperative SPECT examination, after which time surgery was undertaken within 24-48 hours. Intraoperatively the radioactivity of tumors and normal tissues was measured with the H-probe2 connected to a portable personal computer. Resected intestinal specimens of ten patients with carcinoid tumors were examined by gamma camera ex vivo. Biopsies of all tumors subsequently were investigated in a wellcounter and by routine histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disregarding liver metastases, a total of 34 of 60 abdominal tumors were detected by SPECT; however, SPECT failed to visualize any tumor < 9 mm. The shielding of the manual probe allowed intraoperative examination despite the substantial radiation energy of (111)In. The H-probe2 detected 91% of the tumors investigated, and these included all those > 5 mm. In the wellcounter the H-probe2-detected tumors exhibited 4.7-157.7 times higher radionuclide uptake than the surrounding normal tissues. The gamma camera analysis detected 68% of tumors in the resected specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intraoperative H-probe2 examination provided substantial improvement in the detection of small endocrine lesions accumulating [(111)In]-DTPA-D-[Phe1]-octreotide and all lesions with a size > 5 mm in greatest dimension could be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ohrvall
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Westlin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhlin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rastad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akerström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D015282:Octreotide