title: Mild intraoperative hypothermia prolongs postanesthetic recovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative hypothermia is common and persists for several hours after surgery. Hypothermia may prolong immediate recovery by augmenting anesthetic potency, delaying drug metabolism, producing hemodynamic instability, or depressing cognitive function. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypothesis that intraoperative hypothermia prolongs postoperative recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery (n = 150) were anesthetized with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and fentanyl. They were randomly assigned to routine thermal management (hypothermia) or extra warming (normothermia). Postoperative surgical pain was treated with patient-controlled analgesia. Fitness for discharge from the postanesthesia care unit was evaluated at 20-min intervals by investigators blinded to group assignment and postoperative core temperatures. Scoring was based on a modification of a previously published system that included activity, ventilation, consciousness, and hemodynamic responses. Patients were considered fit for discharge when they sustained a score of 80% (13 points) for at least two consecutive measurement periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphometric characteristics and anesthetic management were similar in each group. Final intraoperative core temperatures differed by approximately 2 degrees C: 34.8 +/- 0.6 versus 36.7 +/- 0.6 degrees C (mean +/- SD, P < 0.001). Postoperative pain scores and postoperative use of patient-controlled opioid were similar. Hypothermic patients required approximately 40 min longer (94 +/- 65 vs. 53 +/- 36 min) to reach fitness for discharge, even when return to normothermia was not a criterion (P < 0.001). Duration of recovery in the two groups differed by approximately 90 min when a core temperature >36 degrees C was also required (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maintaining core normothermia decreases the duration of postanesthetic recovery and may, therefore, reduce costs of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0648, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenhardt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marker
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goll
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tschernich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Sessler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Narzt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lackner
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001831:Body Temperature; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000150:complications*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017694:Rewarming; D013997:Time Factors