title: Hand-held Doppler as a screening test in primary varicose veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand-held Doppler is in common use for evaluating varicose veins, but its accuracy in identifying the exact sites of venous reflux is inferior to that of duplex scanning. It has been suggested that duplex should be used to investigate all varicose veins, but this is currently impractical, and should be unnecessary if hand-held Doppler examination were shown to be an adequate screening test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients (122 legs) with primary varicose veins were evaluated using a hand-held Doppler in the outpatient clinic, according to a protocol. Patients then had venous duplex imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different methods of assessing the long saphenous vein (LSV) (tourniquet and tapping tests, and examination at and below the groin) had similar sensitivities for detecting reflux (75-86 per cent), and together detected 91 per cent of cases. Six of the nine missed had a competent saphenofemoral junction, and five had low-velocity reflux. Hand-held Doppler assessment missed 11 cases of popliteal fossa reflux; only four involved the short saphenous vein (SSV), and most had low-velocity popliteal vein reflux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand-held Doppler examination missed LSV or SSV incompetence in 11 per cent of legs, but these included cases with short-duration and low-velocity reflux of dubious clinical importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Niblett
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ridler
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011152:Popliteal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology