title: Gap junction uncoupler heptanol prevents cell-to-cell progression of hypercontracture and limits necrosis during myocardial reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that chemical interaction through gap junctions may result in cell-to-cell progression of hypercontracture and that this phenomenon contributes to the final extent of reperfused infarcts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell-to-cell transmission of hypercontracture was studied in pairs of freshly isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. Hypercontracture induced by microinjection of a solution containing 1 mmol/L Ca2+ and 2% lucifer yellow (LY) was transmitted to the adjacent cell (11 of 11 pairs), and the gap junction uncoupler heptanol (2 mmol/L) prevented transmission in 6 of 8 pairs (P=.003), with a perfect association between passage of the LY and transmission of hypercontracture. In the isolated, perfused rat heart submitted to 30 minutes of hypoxia, addition of heptanol to the perfusion media during the first 15 minutes of reoxygenation had a dose-related protective effect against the oxygen paradox, as demonstrated by a reduction of diastolic pressure and marked recovery of developed pressure (P<.001), as well as less lactate dehydrogenase release during reoxygenation (P<.001) and less contraction band necrosis (P<.001) than controls. In the in situ pig heart submitted to 48 minutes of coronary occlusion, the intracoronary infusion of heptanol during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion at a final concentration of 1 mmol/L limited myocardial shrinkage, reflecting hypercontracture (P<.05), reduced infarct size after 5 hours of reperfusion by 54% (P=.04), and modified infarct geometry with a characteristic fragmentation of the area of necrosis. Heptanol at 1 mmol/L had no significant effect on contractility of nonischemic myocardium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that hypercontracture may be transmitted to adjacent myocytes through gap junctions and that heptanol may interfere with this transmission and reduce the final extent of myocardial necrosis during reoxygenation or reperfusion. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis tested and open a new approach to limitation of infarct size by pharmacological control of gap junction conductance.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. dgdorado@ar.vhebron.es
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia-Dorado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inserte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Meana
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solares
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juliá
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barrabés
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soler-Soler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D019850:Heptanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D019850:Heptanol