title: Cell scattering and migration induced by autocrine transforming growth factor alpha in human glioma cells in vitro.
abstract: In the present investigation, we have transfected a human malignant glioma cell line, U-1242 MG, and derived clones that produce transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) in an inducible manner using the tetracycline suppressible vector system. TGF-alpha expression was confirmed by Northern analysis, by ELISA, and by immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cells. The functional activity of the induced protein was proven by the finding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation on induction of TGF-alpha. A clear effect on cell motility, i.e., cell scattering and an increased phagokinetic track area of individual glioma cells, was demonstrated. The fact that the EGFR tyrosine kinase activation was independent of cell density suggests that autocrine activation of the EGFR kinase occurred at the single-cell level. These findings are of interest, because increased cell motility is most likely a requirement for glioma cell invasion in vivo. The results imply that as a result of coexpression of EGFR and its ligand, individual glioma cells are capable of acting as independent autocrine locomotory units.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Obeid
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bongcam-Rudloff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sörby
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nistér
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westermark
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D014443:Tyrosine; D066246:ErbB Receptors