title: Role of neuropeptides encoded on CDCH-1 gene in the organization of egg-laying behavior in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis.
abstract: Egg laying in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is triggered by a discharge of the neuroendocrine caudodorsal cells (CDCs). The CDCs expresses three different caudorsal cell hormone (CDCH) genes. This gene family expresses, in total, 11 different peptides among which is the ovulation hormone. Besides the CDCs, the CDCH gene family is expressed in other central and peripheral neurons. In this study, we investigated the roles the different CDCH peptides play in the organization of egg-laying behavior. Egg-laying behavior is a sequence of stereotyped movements in which three phases can be distinguished: resting, turning, and oviposition. We have used the excitation of right pedal N (RPeN) motor neurons as a simple analogue of shell-turning behavior, one of the elements of egg-laying behavior. RPeN motor neurons were inhibited during the resting phase of egg laying but were subsequently excited at the onset of and during the turning phase. The excitatory effect could be evoked by application of beta3-CDCP on RPeN motor neurons in the CNS as well as in isolation but not by the ovulation hormone, alpha-CDCP or Calfluxin, the other CDCH-1 peptides tested. The ovulation hormone itself caused inhibition of RPeN motor neurons. Anti-CDCH-1 positive fiber tracts were found close to the cell bodies and axons of the RPeN motor neurons. Electrical stimulation of a nerve that contains these fibers resulted in excitation of the RPeN motor neurons. The effects of injection of CDCH-1 peptides into intact animals correlated well with the effects of these peptides on RPeN motor neurons. Injection of beta3-CDCP or alpha-CDCP into intact animals resulted in immediate turning behavior in the absence of egg laying itself. The ovulation hormone and Calfluxin had no immediate effect on the behavior. Furthermore, our data indicate that the individual CDCH-1 peptides act on different targets.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Research Institute Neurosciences Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Biology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Pieneman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: ter Maat
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005815:Genetic Code; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; C076155:alpha-CDCP; C042422:ovulation hormone, Lymnaea; C052144:calfluxin