title: Genomic cloning of hGSTP1*C, an allelic human Pi class glutathione S-transferase gene variant and functional characterization of its retinoic acid response elements.
abstract: The complete hGSTP1*C, consisting of 7 exons and 6 introns contained in 3116 base pairs, was isolated from a cosmid genomic library of a glioblastoma multiforme cell line. Although the promoter of hGSTP1*C was identical to that of the previously reported GST-Pi gene, several of its structural features had not been previously described. These include several nucleotide transitions and transversions. Transitions of A --> G at +1404 and C --> T at +2294 in exons 5 and 6, respectively, changed codons Ile104 to Val104 and Ala113 to Val113. The gene also contained a guanine insertion at +51 in the insulin response element in intron 1 and six tandem repeats and one palindromic retinoic acid response element (RARE) consensus half-sites, A(G)GG(T)TC(G)A in intron 5. Retinoic acid (RA) treatment increased GST-Pi gene expression significantly in MGR3 cells. GST-Pi gene constructs with and without RARE deletion were used to show the RARE requirement for GST-Pi gene induction by RA. The isolation of the hGSTP1*C gene and the evidence that it contains functional RAREs should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular regulation of the GST-Pi gene in human cells.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ali-Osman
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015723:Gene Library; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014212:Tretinoin; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase