title: Activation of the Jak2-Stat5 signaling pathway in Nb2 lymphoma cells by an anti-apoptotic agent, aurintricarboxylic acid.
abstract: Biological effects of many hormones and cytokines are mediated through receptor-associated Jak tyrosine kinases and cytoplasmic Stat transcription factors, including critical physiological processes such as immunity, reproduction, and cell growth and differentiation. Pharmaceuticals that control Jak-Stat pathways are therefore of considerable interest. Here we demonstrate that a single Jak-Stat pathway can be activated by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), a negatively charged triphenylmethane derivative (475 Da) with anti-apoptotic properties. In prolactin (PRL)-dependent Nb2 lymphocytes, ATA sustained cell growth in the absence of hormone and mimicked rapid PRL-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 and activation of Stat5a and Stat5b with tyrosine phosphorylation, heterodimerization, DNA binding, and induction of the Stat5-regulated pim-1 protooncogene. ATA also mimicked PRL activation of serine kinases ERK1 and ERK2. However, unlike PRL, ATA did not regulate Stat1 or Stat3. ATA also did not affect Jak3, which is activated in these cells by interleukin-2 family cytokines. Although the mechanism and specificity by which ATA activates Jak2, Stat5, and ERKs in Nb2 cells are still unclear, the present study demonstrates that certain hormone or cytokine effects on Jak-Stat pathways can be discretely imitated by a low molecular weight, non-peptide pharmaceutical. The results are also consistent with Stat5 involvement in lymphocyte growth and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA. hrui@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grimley
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051573:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014443:Tyrosine; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid; D004247:DNA; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051573:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases