title: A mass media programme to prevent smoking among adolescents: costs and cost effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine costs and cost-effectiveness ratios of a four-year mass media programme previously shown to prevent the onset of smoking among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A matched control design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cities in Montana, one in New York and one in Vermont, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students in grades 10-12 (ages 15-18).
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-year mass media campaign to prevent the onset of smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost per student potentially exposed to the mass media campaign; cost per student smoker potentially averted; and cost per life-year gained. Cost estimates were also made for a similar campaign that would be broadcast nationally in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1996 dollars, the cost of developing and broadcasting the mass media campaign was $759,436, and the cost per student potentially exposed to the campaign (n = 18,600) was $41. The cost per student smoker averted (n = 1023) was $754 (95% confidence interval (CI) = $531-$1296). The cost per life-year gained discounted at 3% over the life expectancy for young adult smokers was $696 (95% CI = $445-$1269). The estimated cost of developing and broadcasting a similar four-year mass media campaign in all 209 American media markets would be approximately $84.5 million, at a cost of $8 per student potentially exposed to a national campaign, $162 per student smoker averted, and $138 (95% CI = $88-$252) per life-year gained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimates of the cost-effectiveness ratios of this mass media campaign in preventing the onset of smoking showed it to be economically attractive and to compare favourably with other preventive and therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Office of Health Promotion Research, Burlington, Vermont, USA. rseckerw@gnu.uvm.edu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Secker-Walker
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Worden
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Detsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D000074606:Smoking Prevention