title: Antibodies against cardiolipin and oxidatively modified LDL in 50-year-old men predict myocardial infarction.
abstract: Autoantibodies against oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and cardiolipin occur in patients with vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. The ability of such antibodies to predict myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated in a prospective nested case-control study in which healthy 50-year-old men were followed up for 20 years. Raised levels of antibodies against oxLDL and cardiolipin at 50 years of age correlated positively with the incidence of MI and mortality related to MI 10 to 20 years later. IgG and IgA antibodies against cardiolipin were associated with MI between 50 to 60 years of age and IgG and IgA antibodies against oxLDL with MI at 60 to 70 years of age. Moreover, higher antibody levels were noted in those who died from acute MI in comparison to those who survived. The predictive power of IgA and IgG antibodies was strong and largely independent of that of other strong risk factors. In conclusion, raised levels of antibodies against oxLDL and cardiolipin may predict MI and MI-related death.
authors.affiliation: Immunological Research Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nityanand
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lithell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lefvert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015994:Incidence; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D002308:Cardiolipins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein