title: Importance of electrode conductive surface area and edge effects on ventricular defibrillation efficacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of edge effects and electrode surface area of the right ventricular (RV) transvenous lead (TVL) on defibrillation efficacy is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing was conducted randomly in 12 dogs using ring electrode leads in an RV/SVC (superior vena cava) or RV/SVC/patch system. The leads (RV-4, RV-8t, RV-8, RV-15) had electrode surface areas of 20%, 20%, 40%, and 70%, respectively. A computer model predicted the magnitude of electrode surface current (RV-8t > RV-4 > RV-8 > RV-15) and the potential distribution (PD) at four sites: electrode surface (site a) and at 2 mm (b), 4 mm (c), and 8 mm (d) away from the surface. Despite different near-field PDs (sites a, b, c), PDs were nearly identical at site d. Resistance decreased as the surface area increased. DFT energy for the RV-15 lead was lower than the RV-4 and RV-8t. There was no difference between energy requirements for the RV-15 and RV-8 leads. No difference was found in DFT current for each lead. Comparison of the RV-8t and RV-4 leads showed no difference in DFT energy despite a lower resistance and a greater number of edges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing the RV TVL surface area lowered the resistance. However, surface area coverages > or = 40% did not lower DFT energy. No significant change in DFT current occurred despite different predicted near-field current densities. PDs were nearly identical 8 mm from the electrode surface. Thus, the far-field current density appears to play a more important role in determining defibrillation success.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Electrophysiology Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomassoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pendekanti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dixon-Tulloch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Fain
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004566:Electrodes; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*