title: Outbreak of Salmonella infantis infection in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital.
abstract: During the past 11 years, there have been numerous reports of outbreaks of salmonellosis involving horses in veterinary teaching hospitals. Some of these outbreaks have been associated with Salmonella serotypes not commonly associated with infection of horses. Salmonella infantis is among the more common Salmonella serotypes isolated from human beings, and is an important pathogen in the broiler chicken industry. However, it was not commonly isolated from horses or cattle on a national basis between 1993 and 1995. In this report, we describe an outbreak of S infantis infection among large animals, primarily horses, in a veterinary teaching hospital and the control measures that were implemented. Factors that appeared to be key in control of this outbreak in this hospital included providing biosecurity training sessions for hospital personnel, adopting a standard operating procedure manual for biosecurity procedures, installing additional handwashing sinks throughout the facility, painting the interior of the facility with a nontoxic readily cleanable paint, replacing the dirt flooring in 4 stalls with concrete flooring, and removing noncleanable surfaces such as rubber stall mats, wooden hay storage bins, and open grain bins. Our experience with this outbreak suggests that although it is virtually impossible to eliminate Salmonella organisms from the environment, minimizing contamination is possible. Prevention of nosocomial infection must be approached in a multifaceted manner and care must be taken to search out covert sources of contamination, especially if standard intervention procedures do not prevent spread of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tillotson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gentry-Weeks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fedorka-Cray
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Traub-Dargatz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World; D002162:Camelus; D002335:Carnivora; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006041:Goats; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D006762:Hospitals, Animal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015994:Incidence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016885:United States Department of Agriculture