title: Advanced HIV infection treated with zidovudine monotherapy: lifetime values of absolute cost-effectiveness as a pharmacoeconomic reference for future studies evaluating antiretroviral combination treatments. The Osservatorio SIFO sui Farmaci.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the cost and the effectiveness of zidovudine monotherapy in patients with advanced HIV infection and to derive preliminary data on the cost-effectiveness of the triple treatment with saquinavir plus zalcitabine plus zidovudine compared with zidovudine alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a combined method of survival analysis utilizing both the quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q-TWIST) method and the Gompertz approach. This combined method was applied to assess the absolute cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios of zidovudine monotherapy and to perform a preliminary incremental cost-effectiveness comparison of saquinavir plus zalcitabine plus zidovudine versus zidovudine alone. The clinical material used in our study was derived from two reports on the treatment of advanced HIV infection. Data of lifetime costs of HIV infection were obtained from published information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with advanced HIV infection treated with zidovudine monotherapy, lifetime survival was 252.1 discounted person-years per 100 patients. Using an average lifetime cost of $93,000 (discounted) per individual, the absolute ratio of cost-effectiveness for zidovudine monotherapy was $36,980 per life-year, while the absolute cost-utility ratio was $47,112 per quality-adjusted life-year. In the comparative analysis of saquinavir plus zalcitabine plus zidovudine versus zidovudine alone, our calculations showed that the administration of the triple treatment can have an "average" cost-effectiveness, provided that mean lifetime survival per patient (discounted) is improved to at least 3.68 years (with an average survival gain of at least 14 mo per patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The values of absolute cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios for zidovudine monotherapy are a useful reference point for further pharmacoeconomic studies in the area of antiretroviral drugs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Information Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Firenze, Italy. md3439@mclink.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Messori
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Becagli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trippoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tosolini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martini
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D012107:Research Design; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D016047:Zalcitabine; D019258:Saquinavir