title: Enhanced dopamine release and phosphorylation of synapsin I and neuromodulin in striatal synaptosomes after repeated amphetamine.
abstract: Repeated, intermittent treatment of rats with amphetamine followed by a withdrawal period leads to an enhancement in amphetamine-induced dopamine release. We previously reported an increased stoichiometry of site 3-phospho-synapsin I and increased levels of phospho-Ser41-neuromodulin in striatum after repeated amphetamine. In this study, we examined whether the enhanced amphetamine-induced dopamine release and increased levels of these phosphoproteins would be detected in synaptosomes from rats pretreated and withdrawn from repeated amphetamine. Enhanced amphetamine-induced dopamine release was detected in striatal synaptosomes from rats treated with repeated amphetamine compared with controls. The enhanced dopamine release was Ca++ dependent. State-specific antibodies were used to measure the levels of site 3-phospho-synapsin I, phosphorylated by CaM kinase II, and phospho-Ser41-neuromodulin, phosphorylated by protein kinase C, in incubated striatal S1 fractions and synaptosomes. The levels of site 3-phospho-synapsin I and phospho-Ser41-neuromodulin were increased by 40% and 30%, respectively, in amphetamine-pretreated rats compared with controls. Total neuromodulin and synapsin I was not altered. There was a significant 26% increase in CaM kinase II activity in the synaptosomes from amphetamine-pretreated rats but no change in content. No change in protein kinase C activity or content of the alpha-isozyme was detected after repeated amphetamine. Our results demonstrate that the enhanced amphetamine-induced dopamine release and occurring after repeated amphetamine can be detected in synaptosome preparations. Repeated amphetamine leads to alterations in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation activities that can be detected in the incubated synaptosomes. Because the enhanced amphetamine-induced dopamine release after repeated amphetamine appears to be Ca++ sensitive, it is possible that the altered phosphorylation systems, and perhaps site 3-phospho-synapsin I and phospho-Ser41-neuromodulin, play a role in the enhanced dopamine release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0632, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hewlett
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gnegy
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016704:Synapsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D016704:Synapsins; D000661:Amphetamine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium; D004298:Dopamine