title: Surgical treatment of locally recurrent rectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to analyze the outcomes of patients with local (pelvic) recurrence (following radical surgery for rectal cancer) who subsequently underwent a new operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients (19 percent of 213 local recurrences) were explored surgically because the disease was deemed to be confined to the pelvis with a limited extension and, therefore, amenable to surgical cure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 21 of the 45 patients who underwent surgical exploration had an oncologically radical operation (R0). In the remaining 24 patients, either a simple exploration or palliation or a nonradical procedure (R1-R2) was performed. In the R0 group, there was a 19 percent five-year survival rate vs. a 0 percent rate in the R1-R2 group (median survival, 4 months). Site of recurrence (anastomosis vs. other sites) was statistically associated with a higher chance of long-term survival for those who underwent an R0 operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer is dismal; less than 10 percent of all patients who underwent surgical treatment benefit from reoperation with an overall survival for five years. On the basis of these results, we no longer consider the surgical approach as the primary option for treating locally recurrent rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bozzetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertario
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andreola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baratti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gronchi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed