title: Children with in utero cocaine exposure do not differ from control subjects on intelligence testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if in utero cocaine exposure affects IQ scores in children at age 4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, longitudinal evaluation by blinded examiners of the IQ scores of cocaine-exposed and control children of low socioeconomic status who have been observed since birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study center in an inner-city hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred one children with in utero cocaine exposure and 118 control children, all of whom were 34 weeks' gestational age or older and nonasphyxiated at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intelligence quotient scores on a standardized intelligence test, the Wechsler preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence--Revised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one cocaine-exposed and 78 control children were administered the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence--Revised. Maternal, natal, and 30-month characteristics of the children tested did not differ from those not tested. Groups did not differ on mean Performance (83.2 vs 87.0), Verbal (79.0 vs 80.8), or Full Scale (79.0 vs 81.9) IQ scores (all P > or = .10 [values for cocaine-exposed children given first]). None of these 3 scores was associated with cocaine exposure in multivariate linear regressions. Although cocaine-exposed and control groups did not differ in outcome, 93% of cocaine-exposed and 96% of control children had Full Scale IQ scores below 100, the mean IQ score for the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an inner-city cohort, IQ scores did not differ between cocaine-exposed and control children. However, both groups performed poorly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. hurth@aehn2.einstein.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hurt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malmud
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Betancourt
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Braitman
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giannetta
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014888:Wechsler Scales
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine