title: Procainamide induced change of the width of the zone of entrainment and its relation to the inducibility of reentrant ventricular tachycardia.
abstract: Procainamide depresses conduction velocity and prolongs refractoriness in myocardium responsible for reentrant VT, but the mechanism by which the induction of VT is suppressed after procainamide administration remains to be determined. In the present study, the relationship between electrophysiological parameters and the noninducibility of VT was assessed during procainamide therapy with a special reference to the change of an excitable gap. Clinically documented monomorphic sustained VT was induced in 30 patients and, utilizing the phenomenon of transient entrainment, the zone of entrainment was measured as the difference between the cycle length of VT and the longest paced cycle length interrupting VT (block cycle length) which was determined as the paced cycle length decreased in steps of 10 ms, and used as an index of the excitable gap. The effective refractory period was measured at the pacing site and the paced QRS duration was used as an index of the global conduction time in the ventricle. The cycle length of VT, the block cycle length, and the width of the zone of entrainment were determined and compared between the responders and nonresponders. In 15 patients, these parameters were determined at the intermediate dose and related to subsequent noninducibility at the final dose. At the final doses of procainamide, VT was suppressed in 8 (26.7%) of 30 patients. However, the cycle length of VT, the block cycle length, and the width of the zone of entrainment were unable to predict the drug efficacy, i.e., noninducibility. The change in the effective refractory period at the pacing site or the width of the paced QRS duration was not different between the responders and nonresponders. Among the variables, only the width of the zone of entrainment showed a significant narrowing in the responders at the intermediate dose of procainamide, and it was smaller than that of the nonresponders. The significant narrowing of the width of the zone of entrainment was associated with the subsequent noninducibility of VT at the final dose. The present study showed that the baseline cycle length of VT, the block cycle length, the drug induced change of the effective refractory period, or the paced QRS duration was not a predictor of the noninducibility after procainamide administration. However, a significant narrowing of the width of the zone of entrainment at the intermediate dose was associated with the noninducibility of VT at the final dose.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Washizuka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Josephson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011342:Procainamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011342:Procainamide; D007545:Isoproterenol