title: Gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: evaluation with endoscopic US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the endoscopic ultrasound (US) features of benign versus malignant submucosal tumors throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred nine patients aged 24-81 years suspected to have submucosal tumors (11 esophageal, 41 stomach, 24 duodenal, and 33 colorectal tumors) at barium studies or endoscopy underwent endoscopic US. The layer of origin, internal echo pattern, and lesion margin were analyzed by means of consensus and independent interpretation by three radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic US findings revealed several distinct patterns among various submucosal tumors. Sixteen (94%) of the 17 homogeneous lesions with histopathologic findings of malignancy were hypoechoic, although 29 (43%) of the 68 homogeneous lesions with histopathologic findings of benignity were similarly hypoechoic. Homogeneous lesions that were anechoic, of intermediate echogenicity, or hyperechoic were almost exclusively benign (39 [98%] of 40). In contrast, 23 (96%) of the 24 malignant lesions were heterogeneous (n = 7) or homogeneously hypoechoic (n = 16). The sizes of benign and malignant lesions were significantly different (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the echo pattern (i.e., homogeneous versus heterogeneous), but there was a significant difference in the proportion of hypoechoic versus nonhypoechoic lesions (anechoic, hyperechoic, or of intermediate echogenicity; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors is assisted with endoscopic US.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motooka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019160:Endosonography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies