title: Overcoming right ventricular failure with left ventricular assist devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular failure can lead to circulatory collapse while on left ventricular assist device support. By shunting blood from the femoral vein to the left ventricular assist device, cardiac output can be increased, but arterial oxygen saturation will decrease.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the effects on O2 delivery, a model was developed on the basis of O2 uptake in the lungs and whole body O2 consumption. An equation was derived that related cardiac output, pulmonary venous O2 saturation, O2 consumption, and the ratio of shunt-to-systemic blood flow to systemic O2 delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When total cardiac output increases, the shunt will increase systemic O2 delivery while decreasing arterial O2 saturation and leaving systemic venous O2 saturation unaltered. When total output does not increase, the shunt will decrease systemic O2 delivery, arterial O2 saturation, and systemic venous O2 saturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis suggests that measuring systemic venous oxygen saturation may be a useful way to monitor patient safety. A decrease in systemic venous O2 saturation when creating the shunt implies an inadequate increase in cardiac output.
authors.affiliation: Jewish Hospital Cardiothoracic Surgical Research Institute, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Louisville, Ky., USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Santamore
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen