title: Gene expression of IL-10 in relationship to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 in the rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion.
abstract: To systematically elucidate the gene expression of inflammatory and immune modulators following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat, we studied interleukin-10 (IL-10) along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Gene expression of these cytokines was studied ipsilateral and contralateral to the MCAO, with mRNA expression levels evaluated 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h following permanent MCAO by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the ischemic hemisphere TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA increased at 2 h following MCAO and peaked at 6 h, with IL-10 mRNA detected only at 6 h. Contralaterally, both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNAs were expressed with a similar pattern to that in the ischemic hemisphere, but at lower levels, with no contralateral IL-10 expression. There was no difference in IL-2 gene expression between control and experimental animals in either hemisphere. These results demonstrate that IL-10 and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta gene expression is induced early following MCAO. The temporal profile of these cytokines is similar to that seen in sepsis, where TNF-alpha induces IL-10; subsequently IL-10 inhibits TNF-alpha expression. The similarity of the temporal profile of cytokine expression in sepsis and cerebral ischemia suggests that IL-10 should be studied as a potential inhibitor of TNF-alpha production in ischemic brain tissue. The factors inducing contralateral expression of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, along with the potential clinical significance of this remote cytokine gene expression, merit further study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614-0008, USA.
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futrell
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000276:immunology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D017931:DNA Primers; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10