title: Preclinical evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and elimination of MS-325, a blood pool agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluate MS-325, a new albumin-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, for its pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and elimination characteristics in multiple animal species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were performed in rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates at intravenous doses ranging from 0.025 to 0.20 mmol/kg. Concentrations of MS-325 in blood, urine, feces, and organs were determined using gadolinium-153-labeled MS-325 and gamma counting or by using non-labeled MS-325 and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In rabbits and nonhuman primates, MS-325 is approximately 85% to 95% bound to serum proteins and, as a result, exhibits low volume of distribution (Vd) values, 0.11 to 0.14 L/kg, and a long elimination half-life (Te1/2), 2 to 3 hours. Some dose-dependence in the parameters is apparent in rabbits. MS-325 is eliminated primarily through the renal system in non-human primates. In contrast, the behavior of MS-325 in rats is different, exhibiting increased biliary excretion, a larger Vd value, and a shorter Te1/2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetics and elimination profile of MS-325, including vascular retention and renal excretion, are favorable for use in humans as an intravascular contrast agent for MRI.
authors.affiliation: EPIX Medical, Inc., Cambridge, Massachussetts 02142-1118, USA. dparmelee@epixmed.com
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Parmelee
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Walovitch
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lauffer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging; D006207:Half-Life; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010215:Papio; D011485:Protein Binding; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium; C109932:gadofosveset trisodium