title: Tissue radiation dosages using the RVG-S with and without niobium filtration.
abstract: Tissue doses for a modified Rando head- and-neck phantom were measured for imaging with speed group E film with standardized aluminium filtration and the RVG-S both with and without added niobium filtration. Cylindrical holes drilled into the phantom's tissue-equivalent material permitted the placement of a small ionization chamber into anatomically correct sites representing the thyroid, parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. To establish the necessary cone positions, angulations and time settings for each exposure, diagnostically acceptable images of six teeth, representative of different intraoral regions, were made for a DXXTR mannequin. Entrance and exit points were marked and transferred to the phantom to allow reproducible repeat exposures. The RVG-S provided reductions in average skin entrance dose of 31 per cent to 39 per cent with standard aluminium filtration and 51 per cent to 60 per cent with the addition of niobium filtration to attenuate the beam. While dose reductions relative to E-speed film usage were found for deep tissue sites, these were site and projection specific. The cumulative reduction from use of the RVG-S without niobium filtration was 32 per cent. It was 42 per cent with additional niobium filtration. It should be noted, however, that adding niobium filtration resulted in increased dosages to the deeper soft tissues such as the thyroid gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnosis and General Dentistry, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Scarfe
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Farman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D009333:Neck / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009556:Niobium; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D014070:Tooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014962:X-Ray Film / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D009556:Niobium; D000535:Aluminum