title: CCR5 expression correlates with susceptibility of maturing monocytes to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: The chemokine receptor CCR5 and to a lesser extent CCR3 and CCR2b have been shown to serve as coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into blood- or tissue-derived macrophages. Therefore, we examined the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4 as RNAs or as membrane-expressed antigens in monocytes maturing into macrophages and correlated these results with the susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 infection, as measured by their concentrations of extracellular p24 antigen and levels of intracellular HIV DNA by quantitative PCR. There was little change in levels of CCR1, CCR2b, and CCR5 RNAs. CCR3 RNA and surface antigen were undetectable throughout maturation of adherent monocytes over 10 days. CXCR4 RNA and membrane antigen were strongly expressed in newly adherent monocytes, but their levels declined at day 7. The amounts of CCR5 RNA remained stable, but the amounts of CCR5 antigen increased from undetectable to peak levels at day 7 and then declined slightly at day 10. Levels of susceptibility to laboratory (HIV-1BaL) and clinical strains of HIV-1 showed parallel kinetics, peaking at day 7 and then decreasing at days 10 to 14. The concordance of levels of HIV DNA and p24 antigen suggested that the changes in susceptibility with monocyte maturation were at or immediately after entry and correlated well with CCR5 expression and inversely with CXCR4 expression.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Westmead Institutes of Health Research, The University of Sydney, and National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Australia. hassann@westmed.wh.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Naif
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sloane
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C515350:CCR3 protein, human; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D012313:RNA