title: [Ophthalmologic ultrasound diagnosis--current training programs in Germany, Austria, Switzerland].
abstract: In these three countries the application of diagnostic ultrasound in ophthalmology is restricted, with few exceptions, only to institutions having access to in-patients. This situation is based on the organization of medical care and does not depend on the technical evolution of the equipment. Consequently the annual rate of trainees in ophthalmic ultrasound is relatively low, but a comprehensive training programme is needed in this field. The requisite training subjects are described. They include a technical and a clinical programme for both pulse-echo (A, B, M, D mode) and Doppler techniques as applied for biometry as well as for tissue and vascular examination. Some data are given regarding training facilities, aids and courses in the three countries. The concept and organization of a 5-day course (Bonn/Würzburg Course, Directors: W. Buschmann/H.G. Trier) is described in greater detail. For ophthalmic ultrasonography, testing and calibration of system parameters both for equipment and transducers is necessary for obtaining reliable and reproducible results. Examples are given for the organization of technical training in the practical course. The 1981 guidelines of the "Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung", Cologne, are discussed. These regulations define minimum requirements for both ultrasonic training and equipment in the FRG. Finally, a few controversial aspects of the teaching (quality assurance, role of biometry) are mentioned.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Trier
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003479:Curriculum; D004867:Equipment Design; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013557:Switzerland; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation