title: Toxicity of 4-nonylphenol in a life-cycle test with the midge Chironomus tentans.
abstract: A life-cycle test with the macroinvertebrate Chironomus tentans was conducted with 4-nonylphenol. The chironomids were exposed to a series of concentrations of 4-nonylphenol via the water, in an intermittent (2 times/day) water renewal system. The test included evaluation of a number of developmental (e.g., growth) and reproductive (e.g., emergence, fecundity, viability) endpoints through parental and into F1 generations. Reductions in survival were observed in 20-day-old larvae at the highest test concentration, which corresponded to no-observable- and lowest-observable-effect concentrations of 42 and 91 microg/liter, respectively. No significant effects on larval growth (20 days), organism survival past 20 days, emergence success or pattern, sex ratio, fecundity, or egg viability were observed at any treatment level. Qualitative observations indicated an increase in deformed egg masses at the highest test concentrations; however, the biological significance of this is uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Mid-Continent Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Makynen
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kosian
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ankley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; C041594:4-nonylphenol