title: Differentiation of submaximal from maximal trunk extension effort: an isokinetic study using a new testing protocol.
abstract: METHODS
  An evaluation of the relations between concentric and eccentric contractions of the trunk extensors and extension effort performed at maximal and submaximal levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define quantitative parameter(s) derivable from isokinetic dynamometry that may differentiate submaximal from maximal trunk extension moment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Using various consistency-related parameters, researchers in previous studies have not been able confirm the potential of isokinetic dynamometry for identifying submaximal effort during trunk extension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy subjects, 8 women and 12 men without low back pain history, aged 21 to 30 years, took part in this study. Testing consisted of three experimental conditions using four intermittent concentric and eccentric contractions at 20 degrees and 60 degrees/second. The first condition, in which subjects were asked to exert maximal concentric and eccentric effort, served as the baseline. In the second condition, subjects were asked to exert 50% of the force measured in the first condition. In the third condition, subjects repeated the second condition but were asked to exert the best reproducible level of force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest differentiating power among the experimental conditions was attributed to the intervelocity difference between the concentric and eccentric contractions (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol effectively differentiates submaximal from maximal trunk extension effort in normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dvir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001415:Back / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*