title: Membrane phosphorylation protects the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase against chlorinated oxidants in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The calcium (Ca) pump of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes is vulnerable to oxidation and hence likely to be damaged by chlorinated compounds, specifically hypochlorite (NaOCl) and monochloramine (NH2Cl), the most potent oxidants produced upon neutrophil activation. This could occur during prolonged ischemia or myocardial infarction when tissue levels of catecholamines are high. Phospholamban (PLN), the phosphorylatable regulator of the Ca pump, plays a central role in the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on the heart. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible role of PLN in determining the pump's sensitivity to NaOCl and NH2Cl.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ca-uptake and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in purified phosphorylated and control canine cardiac microsomes, incubated at increasing concentrations of NaOCl or NH2Cl, were related to the extent of PLN phosphorylation by protein kinase A, which was quantitated by PhosphorImager analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that microsomal phosphorylation protects the Ca pump fully against 10 microM NaOCl or NH2Cl, which inhibit Ca-uptake by 21-41% when assayed at 25 or 37 degrees C and saturating Ca2+ in unphosphorylated microsomes, and protects partially at higher oxidant concentrations. The protective effect of protein kinase A on Ca-uptake is proportional to the amount of phosphorylated PLN. No comparable protection against similar oxidative damage of the Ca pump is observed when light fast skeletal muscle microsomes, which lack PLN, are incubated under conditions favorable for phosphorylation nor when PLN's inhibition of the cardiac Ca pump is relieved by proteolytic cleavage of its cytoplasmic domain. Our findings contribute toward an understanding of possible endogenous protective mechanisms that may promote calcium homeostasis in myocardial cells in inflammatory states associated with neutrophil activation and may suggest an approach toward development of protective strategies against oxidative damage in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Antipenko
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kirchberger
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015151:Immunoblotting; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008861:Microsomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011817:Rabbits; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D002118:Calcium; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D016877:Oxidants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D000099211:Phospholamban