title: An elemental correlation study in cancerous breast tissue by total reflection x-ray fluorescence.
abstract: The total reflection x-ray fluorescence method (TRXRF) has been employed to determine of P, S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, and Pb concentration in the benign breast tumor tissue from 68 women and in the cancerous breast tissue from 26 women. Concentrations of most of elements show enhancement in cancerous breast tissue. Examined elements compete for binding sites in the cell, change its enzymatic activity, and exert direct or indirect action on the carcinogenic process accelerating the growth of tumors. Inhibition of enzymatic activity caused by variation in trace element concentrations results in immunological breakdown of the body system. An attempt has been made to correlate measured trace element concentrations with the clinical stage of cancer. Physical bases of used analytical method, experimental setup, and the procedure of sample preparation are described.
authors.affiliation: Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braziewicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banaś
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubala-Kukuś
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Góźdź
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pajek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smok
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbaniak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements