title: Presumed multifocal cryptococcol choroidopathy prior to specific systemic manifestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disseminated cryptococcosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Early diagnosis and treatment greatly improves the outcome, so clinical clues that lead to prompt diagnosis are important.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with AIDS in whom multifocal choroiditis and choroidal lesions were the initial signs of disseminated cryptococcosis were treated with systemic amphotericin B and flucytosine. All of the patients had a systemic work-up that included evaluation of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three patients who were seen with the choroidal lesions as the presenting sign were noted to have either positive titers for cryptococcus or cultures that grew cryptococcus in the CSF. The choroidal lesions are presumed to be due to cryptococcus as no histopathologic or microscopic studies were available for ocular tissues. The choroidal lesions started to resolve one to three months after systemic treatment with amphotericin B and flucytosine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary choroidal lesions in patients with AIDS may herald severe systemic disseminated disease. Funduscopic examination, however, may detect disseminated cryptococcal disease before other overt clinical manifestations, thereby allowing prompt institution of effective therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rostomian
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Dugel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolahdouz-Isfahani
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Thach
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine