title: Calculation of electric fields induced near metal implants by magnetic resonance imaging switched-gradient magnetic fields.
abstract: Electric (E) fields induced near metal implants by MRI switched-gradient magnetic fields are calculated by a new equivalent-circuit numerical technique. Induced E-field results are found for a metallic spinal-fusion implant consisting of two thin wires connected to the metallic case of a current generator as well as for its subsections: a bare U-shaped wire, an insulated U-shaped wire, a cut insulated wire, and a generator. The presence of the metallic implants perturbs the E field significantly. Near the ends of the bare U-shaped wire, the E field is 89.7 times larger than in the absence of the wire. The greatest E field concentration occurs near the ends of the cut insulated wire, where the E field is 196.7 times greater than in the absence of the wire. In all cases, the perturbation of the induced E field by the implanted wire is highly localized within a few diameters of the wire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Buechler
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Durney
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D001864:Bone Wires; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008670:Metals; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012449:Safety; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals