title: Hemodynamic patterns of pharmacologically induced erection: evaluation by color Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Penile erection is achieved through hemodynamic mechanisms that can be assessed best with color flow imaging and Doppler waveform analysis. We performed dynamic studies using computer assisted analysis to assess the hemodynamic patterns of pharmacologically induced erection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 73 color Doppler ultrasound studies was performed in 66 patients with erectile dysfunction. Various blood flow parameters, including peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean flow rate, resistive index and artery diameter, were observed continuously and recorded frequently for about 30 minutes after intracorporeal injection of papaverine/phentolamine/prostaglandin E1 mixture. A computerized Doppler waveform analysis of 3 curves or greater was performed for each recording to minimize error. A second injection was administered if the first injection failed to induce a rigid erection. Status of the erection was observed and recorded throughout the study. A computerized graph was generated for each corpus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After intracorporeal injection the time to reach normal or peak velocity varied from 1 to 24 minutes. Among 146 corpus units in 73 color Doppler ultrasound studies we observed the following hemodynamic patterns: I-normal maximal peak systolic velocity (35 cm. per second or greater), sustained; Ia-end diastolic velocity 0 or less with complete erection response (19 units); Ib-end diastolic velocity greater than 0 or incomplete erection response (14 units); II-normal maximal peak systolic velocity (35 cm. per second or greater), transient; IIa-end diastolic velocity 0 or less with complete erection response (21 units); IIb-end diastolic velocity greater than 0 or incomplete erection response (12 units); III-borderline maximal peak systolic velocity (30 to 35 cm. per second); IIIa-end diastolic velocity 0 or less with complete erection response (10 units); IIIb-end diastolic velocity greater than 0 or incomplete erection response (8 units); IV-low maximal peak systolic velocity (less than 30 cm. per second); IVa-end diastolic velocity 0 or less with complete erection response (24 units); and IVb-end diastolic velocity greater than 0 or incomplete erection response (38 units).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erection is a complex and dynamic process. A new classification of hemodynamic patterns is presented that aids in assessing and interpreting more thoroughly blood flow parameters to stratify more precisely the hemodynamic patterns of erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urologic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pomeroy
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wobig
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003971:Diastole; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology*; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013599:Systole; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color