title: Do patients with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care really differ from outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the comparability of outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and patients with IBS in primary care with regard to severity of complaints, perceived limitations, other aspects of the complaints, and sex differences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare outpatients with IBS with primary care patients with IBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nine patients with IBS were recruited from general practices in Amsterdam and 86 patients with IBS were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital in Nijmegen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient completed a questionnaire on demographic variables, abdominal complaints, related complaints, and attributed causes of their abdominal complaints. The scores of the two groups were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outpatient group contained significantly more men, reported more severe abdominal pain, more frequent complaints, more interference with daily activities, and a higher degree of avoidance of activities (p < 0.01) than the primary care group. When each sex was analysed separately, these differences remained for female (p < 0.01) but not for male patients. Outpatients were more likely to attribute their complaints to somatic causes (p < 0.01), whereas primary care patients were more likely to attribute their complaints to stress (p < 0.01) or their agitated way of life (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that a high severity score, a large number of additional complaints, and a low score on the stress attribution were important determinants for being in the outpatient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female outpatients consider their complaints to be more serious and interfering than do patients with IBS in primary care. Male outpatients were comparable to primary care patients with IBS. More research needs to be done into sex specific differences in IBS and into the factors that influence the decision to refer a patient with IBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Nursing Home and Social Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Dulmen
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Schellevis
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Eijk
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fennis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bleijenberg
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006356:Heartburn / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology