title: Engraftment of human kidney tissue in rat radiation chimera: II. Human fetal kidneys display reduced immunogenicity to adoptively transferred human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and exhibit rapid growth and development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplantation of human kidney tissue under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient animals (severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID]/Lewis and SCID/nude chimeric rats), and the subsequent intraperitoneal infusion of allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), results in a rapid and consistent human renal allograft rejection. We investigated the consequences of grafting human fetal kidney fragments instead of the adult tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development of human fetal kidney tissue and its interaction with allogeneic human PBMC in chimeric rats were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report successful establishment of human fetal kidney to SCID/Lewis and SCID/nude chimeric rats. The intrarenal human fetal renal implants displayed rapid growth and maintained numerous developing glomeruli and tubular structures up to 4 months after transplantation. In contrast to the adult human kidney, infusion of allogeneic human PBMC resulted in either minimal human T-cell infiltration or abundant nonrejecting T-cell infiltrates, characterized by a reduced number of T cells of the CD45RO+ or HLA-DR+ subsets, both leading to less tissue destruction as well as to continued growth of the human fetal renal tissue. This observation was found to be related to the reduced protein expression of tissue HLA class I and II, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular adhesion molecule 1 in the fetal grafts compared with the adult grafts. Lack of tissue expression of Fas ligand in the fetal grafts suggests that the latter does not contribute to the delayed rejection of human fetal kidneys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model should be useful for the study of human fetal renal development and the human alloresponse against fetal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dekel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burakova
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben-Hur
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Reisner
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D017708:Leukocyte Transfusion; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D011828:Radiation Chimera / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011923:Rats, Nude