title: NB87 induction protocol for stage 4 neuroblastoma in children over 1 year of age: a report from the French Society of Pediatric Oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NB87 was designed to test the efficacy of a short, non cross-resistant, induction protocol for unselected patients over 1 year of age with stage 4 neuroblastoma. A secondary objective was to compare in a randomized study the toxicity of two modalities of cisplatin administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 183 patients received two cycles of alternating sequences: cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 5, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2/d on days 1 and 5, and doxorubicin 60 mg/m2/d on day 5 (CADO); and cisplatin 40 mg/m2/d and etoposide 100 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 5 (CVP), followed by surgery of the primary tumor (126 patients). Ninety-one were randomized to receive cisplatin either as bolus (BO; n = 48) or continuous infusion (CI; n = 43). International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) and Response Criteria (INRC) were used with emphasis on skeletal evaluation by meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematotoxicity was predominant, with a higher incidence of neutropenia (P = .01) for CADO and of thrombocytopenia for CVP (P < .001). Severe infections, as well as nonhematologic toxicities, occurred more often after the first sequence. Gastrointestinal complications were predominant during both courses of CVP. The toxic death rate, including surgery, was 3%. Complete remissions (CRs) were less frequent on MIBG (45%) compared with marrow (66%) or other metastases (61%). Combining all metastatic sites resulted in a 39% CR rate. After surgery, the final CR rate was 42%. Nephrotoxicity was minimal in both arms (92% normal clearance for CI v 82% for BO). Hearing loss greater than 40 dB at 6,000 to 8,000 Hz was reported equally in both arms (n = 6 for CI v n = 5 for BO).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensified chemotherapy using CADO/CVP increases CR rates despite a shorter induction duration. However, the rate of MIBG normalization remains unsatisfactory and could be raised through the dose-intensive use of agents such as cyclophosphamide.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Oncology Department of Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France. jbernard@ap_hm.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coze
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frappaz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dusol
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rubie
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plouvier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leverger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bordigoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Béhar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mechinaud
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plantaz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bernard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin