title: Impaired nitric oxide-mediated renal vasodilation in rats with experimental heart failure: role of angiotensin II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with a decrease in renal perfusion. Because endothelium-derived NO is important in the regulation of renal blood flow (RBF), we tested the hypothesis that an impairment in the NO system may contribute to the decrease in RBF in rats with experimental CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies were performed in rats with experimental high-output CHF induced by aortocaval (AV) fistula and sham-operated controls. In controls, incremental doses of acetylcholine (ACh, 1 to 100 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) increased RBF and caused a dose-related decrease in renal vascular resistance (RVR). However, the increase in RBF and decrease in RVR were markedly attenuated in rats with CHF. Likewise, the effects of ACh on urinary sodium and cGMP excretion were also diminished in CHF rats, as was the renal vasodilatory effect of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). These attenuated responses to endothelium-dependent and -independent renal vasodilators in CHF rats occurred despite a normal baseline and stimulated NO2+NO3 excretion and normal expression of renal endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), as determined by eNOS mRNA levels and immunoreactive protein. Infusion of the NO precursor L-arginine did not affect baseline RBF or the response to ACh in rats with CHF. However, administration of the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist A81988 before ACh completely restored the renal vasodilatory response to ACh in CHF rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that despite a significant attenuation in the NO-related renal vasodilatory responses, the integrity of the renal NO system is preserved in rats with chronic AV fistula. This impairment in NO-mediated renal vasodilation in experimental CHF appears to be related to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system and may contribute further to the decrease in renal perfusion seen in CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Abassi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gurbanov
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mulroney
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Potlog
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Opgenorth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haramati
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winaver
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010396:Penicillamine; D000109:Acetylcholine