title: Genetic variation in the interleukin 10 gene promoter and systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene promoter polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its clinical subsets.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from 76 Caucasian patients with SLE and 119 controls as genotyped for 3 defined dimorphic polymorphisms (G or A at position -1082, C or T at position -819, C or A at position -592) in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene, using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the IL-10 gene promoter and oligonucleotide probes specific for each allelic sequence. The frequency of genotypes was compared between patients with SLE and controls, and between clinical subsets of patients with the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant change in the allele frequency of the three IL-10 gene promoter dimorphic polymorphisms in the SLE group compared with controls. However, when subgrouped according to autoantibody status and clinical features, IL-10 -1082*G, -819*C, and -592*C alleles were increased in patients possessing Ro autoantibodies and those with renal involvement. These alleles are in preferential allelic association, namely GCC, ACC, and ATA haplotypes, and the GCC haplotype was increased in these patient subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms within the IL-10 gene promoter that are associated with high IL-10 levels may be important in the development of certain clinical features in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hajeer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinnott
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Ollier
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016753:Interleukin-10