title: Intraoperative monitoring of the motor pathway using transtracheal stimulation of the cervical spine in dogs.
abstract: Although SEP monitoring of the spinal cord has been a well established method recently, not an ultimate, perfectly developed technique for monitoring of the motor system is known so far, particularly, because of the disturbing effect of narcotic drugs and relaxants on the motor evoked potentials. In this study the upper part of the spinal cord was stimulated in 14 anesthetized and relaxed dogs with a cathode attached to the intratracheal tube and an anode fixed to the cervical spinous processes. Single and serial stimuli were applied. Recordings were obtained from the exposed right femoral nerve and quadriceps muscle. Averaging was necessary when using serial stimulations. Responses were consequent and reproducible during regular anesthesia. The origin of the different responses in the spinal cord is discussed. The method seems to be appropriate for intraoperative monitoring of the thoracolumbar spine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical School of Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mikó
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Csécsei
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Székely
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikó
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001279:Atracurium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D014132:Trachea; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018681:Anesthetics, General; D009294:Narcotics; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine