title: Raynaud's phenomenon and digital gangrene as a consequence of treatment for Kaposi's sarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical features and to identify factors associated with the development of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in patients receiving chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of all patients with Kaposi's sarcoma treated with chemotherapy at Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre from 1987 to 1995. Patients who developed RP were compared with those who did not with respect to age, CD4 cell count, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) stage, smoking history, type and dose of chemotherapy, and previous treatment with interferon and radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven patients with Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with chemotherapy between 1987 and 1995. Five developed RP, which progressed to digital gangrene. Median age, proportion of smokers, proportion defined as ACTG poor risk, median CD4 count, and history of opportunistic infections were equal in the 2 groups. All patients with RP received vinblastine followed by bleomycin. No cases of RP occurred in 27 patients treated with vinblastine alone or in 24 patients treated with bleomycin without previous vinblastine. Patients developing RP tended to have received higher cumulative doses of chemotherapy including bleomycin (p = 0.067) and previous treatment with either local radiation or interferon (p < 0.009, p < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential chemotherapy with vinblastine followed by bleomycin was associated with the development of RP in patients with HIV related Kaposi's sarcoma. Bleomycin alone was not associated with RP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hladunewich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sawka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005385:Fingers; D005734:Gangrene / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010991:Plethysmography; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001761:Bleomycin; D014747:Vinblastine