title: "Crushed glass" appearance of particles observed in roentgenograms after hysterosalpingography as an indicator of pelvic abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic value of the crushed glass appearance of particles observed on roentgenogram after hysterosalpingography in patients with pelvic abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 32 patients whose roentgenogram had particles with a crushed glass appearance and 16 patients without crushed glass appearance, with laparoscopy conducted to determine the location and severity of the pelvic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fujita Health University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 240 patients underwent hysterosalpingography to determine the cause of infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the location of the pelvic endometriosis and/or inflammation that was observed on roentgenogram as the crushed glass appearance versus definitive findings at laparoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 of the 32 cases (93.8%) with the crushed glass appearance were confirmed as having pelvic abnormalities, such as endometriosis (73.3%) and pelvic inflammation (26.7%). The rate of the concurrence of the location of the crushed glass appearance observed on the film and that of the lesions verified by laparoscopy was 66.7%. Histopathological examination showed that specimens taken from endometriosis or inflammatory lesions that comprised the crushed glass appearance were lacking in epithelium in proportion to the size of the particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of the crushed glass appearance of particles was a useful noninvasive method of detecting pelvic abnormalities, such as pelvic endometriosis and inflammation, in infertile women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010535:Laparoscopy; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology