title: Molecular analysis to assign parental origin and distinguish de novo i(21q) from t(21q21q) in two Down syndrome fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the origin of two prenatal cases of chromosome 21 rearrangements not amenable to clarification by conventional cytogenetic methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypervariable repeat polymorphisms (chromosome 21) were used to determine the type of structural rearrangement and the parental origin of the rearranged chromosome. The repeats used were highly polymorphic and located very close to the centromere; thus, the likelihood of differences among the parental alleles and overall informativeness were increased.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rea(21q21q) chromosomes were identified as a Robertsonian translocation in one fetus and an isochromosome in the other. The extra chromosome material was found to be maternal in origin in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to clarify the origin of abnormal chromosomal rearrangements provides valuable information concerning possible mechanisms of aneuploidy, as well as clinical data that may have an impact in assessing a patient's risk for abnormal offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tharapel
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D018404:Isochromosomes; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010290:Parents; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D000091402:Prohibitins; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C000717331:PHB2 protein, human; D000091402:Prohibitins