title: Natural and experimental Helicobacter mustelae reinfection following successful antimicrobial eradication in ferrets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recrudescence or reinfection may occur after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the ferret Helicobacter mustelae model to investigate the effect of prior infection and eradication on reinfection by experimental and natural routes. Two groups of ferrets with naturally acquired H. mustelae infection were treated with an eradication protocol using amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicylate. The ferrets were monitored for recrudescence by repeated cultures of endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsies. The ferrets were challenged at 17 months (group I) and 6 months (group II) after eradication with a strain of H. mustelae having a distinctive restriction endonuclease analysis pattern. The eradication protocol was repeated to eliminate the infection produced by experimental challenge. The ferrets were then cohoused intermittently with naturally infected ferrets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The original H. mustelae infection was successfully eliminated by the eradication protocol. No recrudescence was observed in group I for 12 months nor for 3 months in group II after eradication. All ferrets became persistently reinfected with the challenge strain. The infection from the challenge strain was eradicated successfully. No ferrets in group I and all ferrets in group II became infected through cohousing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that though prior infection with H. mustelae may confer some protection against reinfection, such protection is not universal in all circumstances; that susceptibility to reinfection by contact with infected animals varies between individuals; and that age may be a factor in this individual variability. These results are applicable to studies of reinfection after eradication of H. pylori in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 10239, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batchelder
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shames
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palley
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000863:Antacids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D001729:Bismuth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005289:Ferrets / Q000382:microbiology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012459:Salicylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014510:Urease / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012459:Salicylates; D008795:Metronidazole; C015715:bismuth subsalicylate; D000658:Amoxicillin; D014510:Urease; D001729:Bismuth