title: Long-term stroke risk in children with sickle cell disease screened with transcranial Doppler.
abstract: Stroke is an important complication of sickle cell disease. Stroke prediction is clinically important because it offers the possibility of primary prevention. In 1992, transcranial Doppler (TCD) evidence of elevated intracranial internal carotid or middle cerebral artery velocity was demonstrated to be associated strongly with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. This study extends the original study and includes 125 more children, longer follow-up, and intracranial hemorrhage in the stroke-risk model. Elevated time averaged mean maximum blood flow velocity, especially when velocity is 200 cm/sec or greater by TCD, was associated strongly with stroke risk. The cases not predicted by TCD point to the need for more information on the optimal timing of TCD surveillance for stroke risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: McKie
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McKie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brambilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography