Aerosol therapy in the equine species.
Inhalation therapy plays an increasing role in the management of equine respiratory disorders. This alternative to systematic treatment permits a high concentration of medication to act locally while minimizing side effects and residues. In human medicine, literature in this field is prolific and continuously renewed, whereas in veterinary medicine, applications of aerosol therapy are less extensive. This review considers the principles of action of the different types of devices used for inhalation, i.e., nebulization, metered-dose inhalation and dry powder inhalation, describes the technical and practical requirements for their use in the equine species and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each inhalation device. The pharmacological agents currently administered to horses by inhalation are also discussed. Perspectives of aerosol therapy in the equine species, including aerosols already used in human medicine and their potential applications for horses are described.
Duvivier
D H
DH
Laboratory for Functional Investigation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium.
Votion
D
D
Vandenput
S
S
Lekeux
P
P
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000336:Aerosols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006736:Horses; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000662:veterinary; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000336:Aerosols; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D016207:Cytokines