title: Influence of clinical history on perception of abnormalities in pediatric radiographs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether having clinical information would improve perception or simply decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four pediatric chest and abdominal radiographs, half of which had abnormalities, were presented to nine radiologists under one of two conditions. In one condition, history consistent with abnormalities actually present for positive cases was provided for positive and matched negative cases before inspection. In a second condition, this information was provided only after inspection was completed and the radiograph was no longer available. Because detailed visual memory is short-lived, the image information was no longer available when the history was provided after inspection. A control condition measured detection without history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detection was significantly better with history provided before inspection. Detection did not differ for history provided after inspection and inspection without history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The only difference between conditions with history was in whether history influenced perception; history affected decision making in both conditions. Clinical history affected perception in interpreting radiographs, not simply decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berbaum
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dorfman
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lueben
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D012372:ROC Curve; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design