title: Long-term resistance to HIV infection in vertical HIV infection: cytokine production, HIV isolation, and HIV phenotype define long-term resistant hosts.
abstract: We analyzed immunologic (CD4 and CD8 slopes; interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and chemokines production; concentration of IgE; beta 2-microglobulin) and virologic (p24; HIV isolability and phenotype; plasma viremia) parameters in HIV vertically infected children > or = 8 years of age without disease progression or mild symptoms and an absolute CD4+ count > or = 500/microliter with CD4+ percentage > or = 25%. The results were compared to those of two control groups: (1) slow progressors, children > or = 8 years of age with moderate symptomatology and/or moderate CD4 depletion, and (2) progressors, children > or = 8 years of age with severe clinical disease and/or severe CD4 depletion. Pediatric long-term resistant hosts were characterized by higher production of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma and lower production of interleukin-10, normal concentration of IgE, HIV isolates with a non-syncytium-inducing phenotype, and lower plasma viremia. This condition was not associated with the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin, p24, and chemokines, or with HIV isolability. The IL-10/IL-2 ratio best correlated with both CD4 counts and disease progression. Thus, vertically infected children showing resistance to disease progression are immunologically and virologically distinct from those in whom progressive HIV infection is observed.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Pediatria IV, H.L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Italia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balotta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trabattoni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bricalli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crupi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvaggio
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fusi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruzzante
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massironi
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Principi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clerici
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma