title: Nosocomial pneumonia on general medical and surgical wards in a tertiary-care hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the demographic, clinical, and microbiologic characteristics of patients who develop nosocomial pneumonia on general medical and surgical wards of a tertiary-care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1-year, prospective, descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1,100-bed, tertiary-care, urban hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients experiencing nosocomial pneumonia were identified through surveillance on general medical and surgical wards, using a standard case definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  92 pneumonias in 85 patients on general wards were identified. The mean age of patients was 63 +/- 17 years, 55 patients (65%) were male, and 75 cases of pneumonia (81%) were acquired on surgical wards. Bacteremia was identified in 8 (13%) of 62 episodes, and 48 (52%) grew potential pathogens from respiratory specimens. Twenty-six patients (28%) required transfer to the intensive-care unit (ICU), and 20 (22%) received mechanical ventilation. By multivariate analysis, patients with a thoracic surgical procedure or with Staphylococcus aureus isolated from respiratory secretions were more likely to require ICU admission. The overall mortality rate was 20% (17/85), with a directly associated mortality of 14% (12/85). Patients who died were older, more frequently resided on a medical ward, and had a greater mean number of comorbidities. These patients often were treated nonaggressively and were not considered candidates for ICU admission due to advanced age and poor underlying clinical status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the morbidity of nosocomial pneumonia in this population was high, as evidenced by high rates of transfer to ICU, the directly associated mortality was relatively low. Those requiring ICU admission require further study to identify preventive measures that could decrease the morbidity in this group. Interventions to prevent pneumonia or to improve prognosis may not be feasible for the majority of these patients who die from nosocomial pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Greenaway
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Embil
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dyck
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Nicolle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006746:Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies