title: The impact of keyboard design on comfort and productivity in a text-entry task.
abstract: Concerns have arisen that the keyboard is a causal factor in the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) among video display terminal (VDT) operators. A number of alternative keyboard designs have been developed with altered geometry in an effort to improve comfort in keyboard operation. However, few data are available to substantiate whether these new keyboard designs are actually effective in reducing discomfort and musculoskeletal problems in users. The purpose of this study was to provide data on the efficacy of certain alternative keyboard design features (e.g. splitting the keyboard in half, and laterally inclining the keyboard halves) in reducing fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort among keyboard operators. The study also explored the effects of these design features on performance. Fifty subjects performed a text-entry task for one day on a standard keyboard, then were assigned to one of five keyboard conditions for an evaluation period of two days (i.e. 10 subjects/condition). Outcome measures included performance (i.e. keystrokes/h, errors/h) and self-report measures of discomfort and fatigue. The results indicated an initial decline in productivity when subjects began typing on two of the alternative keyboards, but these productivity losses were recovered within the two-day evaluation period. The results also indicated no significant differences between keyboard conditions in discomfort and fatigue. These results suggest a minimal impact of the keyboard design features examined in this study on productivity, comfort and fatigue, at least after two days of exposure.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Galinsky
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sauter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D016272:Occupational Health; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis