title: Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from colon cancer.
abstract: The possible association between the risk of colon cancer and the levels of calcium and magnesium in drinking water from municipal supplies was investigated in a matched case-control study in Taiwan. All eligible colon cancer deaths (1714 cases) of Taiwan residents from 1989 through 1993 were compared with deaths from other causes (1714 controls), and the levels of calcium and magnesium in drinking water of these residents were determined. Data on calcium and magnesium levels in drinking water throughout Taiwan were obtained from the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation. The control group consisted of people who died from other causes and the controls were pair-matched to the cases by sex, year-of-birth, and year-of-death. The adjusted odd ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.79 (0.64-0.98) for the group with water calcium levels between 24.4 and 42.3 mg/liter and 0.58 (0.47-0.73) for the group with calcium levels of 42.4 mg/liter or more. The adjusted odd ratios were not statistically significant for the relationship between magnesium levels in drinking water and colon cancer. The results of the present study show that there is a significant protective effect of calcium intake from drinking water against colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium