title: Improving empirical antibiotic treatment: prospective, nonintervention testing of a decision support system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop a problem-orientated and data-based decision support system (DSS) to improve empirical antibiotic treatment, and compare the performance of the system to that of the physician.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DSS was tested in a prospective, noninterventional, comparative cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital in Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients (n = 496) in four departments of internal medicine suspected of harboring a moderate to severe bacterial infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 496 patients included in the study, 219 had positive cultures or serological tests. The physicians prescribed inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in 91 of 219 patients (42%); whilst the recommendations of the system were inappropriate in 50 patients (23%) (P < 0.05). Superfluous treatment was prescribed in 15% of patients by the physician, and in 11% by the system. Out of the 91 patients given inappropriate treatment by the physician, the DSS advised treatment to which the pathogens were susceptible in 61 patients. The advantage of the DSS over the physician was most evident in multiresistant gram-negative isolates, enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Out of the 277 patients with negative cultures, the DSS advised narrower-spectrum antibiotic treatment than prescribed by the physicians in 27% of patients, and broader-spectrum in 13%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A problem-orientated, data-based DSS outperformed physicians in the choice of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment, and recommended less broad-spectrum antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tiqva, Israel. leibovic@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leibovici
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gitelman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yehezkelli
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poznanski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ein-Dor
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000592:standards*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents