title: Cytokine production by lymphocytes in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the presence of progesterone lymphocytes of pregnant women release a 34-kDa protein named the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF). PIBF mediates the immunomodulatory and anti-abortive effects of progesterone and its presence is related to the outcome of pregnancy. PIBF induces production of Th2 type cytokines by activated lymphocytes. The in vivo relationship between PIBF- and cytokine production of pregnancy lymphocytes and the outcome of pregnancy was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 production and PIBF expression in peripheral lymphocytes of 111 healthy pregnant women and 120 women at risk for premature pregnancy termination were detected by immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found increased IL-12 and low PIBF and IL-10 expression on lymphocytes of "risk" patients, and a high rate of IL-10 and PIBF positivity on lymphocytes from healthy pregnant women. The cytokine production pattern of the lymphocytes was related to the presence or absence of previous abortions as well as to the outcome of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest the involvement of an altered cytokine production pattern in the immunologic effects of progesterone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Medical School of Pecs, Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szereday
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szekeres-Bartho
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology*; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013491:Suppressor Factors, Immunologic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C110058:PIBF1 protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D013491:Suppressor Factors, Immunologic