title: Role of hope in academic and sport achievement.
abstract: Hope is the sum of goal thoughts as tapped by pathways and agency. Pathways reflect the perceived capability to produce goal routes; agency reflects the perception that one can initiate action along these pathways. Using trait and state hope scales, studies explored hope in college student athletes. In Study 1, male and female athletes were higher in trait hope than nonathletes; moreover, hope significantly predicted semester grade averages beyond cumulative grade point average and overall self-worth. In Study 2, with female cross-country athletes, trait hope predicted athletic outcomes; further, weekly state hope tended to predict athletic outcomes beyond dispositional hope, training, and self-esteem, confidence, and mood. In Study 3, with female track athletes, dispositional hope significantly predicted athletic outcomes beyond variance related to athletic abilities and affectivity; moreover, athletes had higher hope than nonathletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula 59812-1055, USA. curry58@selway.umt.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ruby
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehm
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012649:Self Concept; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology