title: [CIN and pregnancy. Apropos of 16 cases and review of the literature].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the means to diagnose grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 3) during pregnancy, with special consideration to the risk of overlooking invasive lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  a retrospective study on 16 cases of CIN 3 over 4 years and a literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smear tests were indicative of low-grade lesions in 8 cases. Colposcopy always was suggestive and accompanied by biopsy. No conisations were performed during pregnancy but one was performed after delivery in 15 of 16 cases. After delivery, comparing conisation results with those of recent biopsies revealed that some lesions were less severe and others more severe than during pregnancy. So, a CIN 3 and a microinvasive carcinoma observed during pregnancy changed into CIN 2 and CIN 3, respectively, after delivery. In contrast, two pregnancy CIN 2 were seen as CIN 3 in post-partum and three CIN 3 as MIC. Such variations have been described in the literature and have several causes. In particular, improvements may sometimes reach "normalisation" in post partum although, recurrences remain possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  when the smear tests performed during pregnancy are indicative of cervical intra-epithalial lesions, whatever the severity, colposcopy with biopsies are mandatory. If a CIN 3 is detected, early MIC should be removed, which may require specific treatment according to the invasive degree. Colposcopy with guided biopsies is a safe and reliable diagnostic means. After delivery, the cervix should always be reexamined, preferably by conisation, even if smears or colposcopy were normal.
authors.affiliation: Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU, Rennes.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poulain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renaud-Giono
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Burtin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Burtin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Proudhon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levêque
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003127:Colposcopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology*