title: Tetradecylthioacetic acid inhibits the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in vitro.
abstract: Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play a key role in the formation of foam cells and in initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. The hypolipidemic 3-thia fatty acids contain a sulfur atom and might therefore possess reducing (antioxidant) properties. Consequently, the effects of 3-thia fatty acids on the susceptibility of LDL particles to undergo oxidative modification in vitro were studied. Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), incorporated into the LDL particle and increased the lag time of copper ion induced LDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner, 80 mumol/L TTA reduced the generation of lipid peroxides during copper ion induced LDL oxidation (for 2 hours) by 100%, 2,2'-azobis-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) induced LDL oxidation by 64%, and 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) induced LDL oxidation (for 6 hours) by 21%. The electrophoretic mobility of the oxidized LDL was reduced by TTA in both copper ion and azo-compounds initiated oxidation. This fatty acid analogue was effectively able to reduce in a dose dependent manner the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine from 2-deoxyguanosine with ascorbic acid as the radical producer. TTA bound copper(II) ions and did not reduce copper(II) to copper(I). It failed to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The results suggest that the modification of LDL in the lipid and protein moieties can be significantly reduced by TTA. This acid may exert its antioxidant effect partially through metal ion binding and through free radical scavenging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway. ziad.muna@ikb.uib.no
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Muna
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doudin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Songstad
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulvik
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001391:Azo Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009570:Nitriles; D016877:Oxidants; D013440:Sulfides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C055792:2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); D003300:Copper; C062078:1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid