title: A fatality involving zolpidem.
abstract: An elderly woman residing in an independent-living retirement community was found dead in the bathtub. She had a history of depression and was prescribed Ambien (generic name zolpidem) for the treatment of insomnia. Two empty prescription bottles of Ambien were found; both were for 10-mg tablets with a total quantity of 60. A postmortem examination was conducted, and blood, urine, and gastric contents were submitted for toxicology screening. The cause of death was drowning. The only remarkable toxicology finding was zolpidem. Quantitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determined the following concentrations of zolpidem: blood, 7.9 micrograms/mL and urine, 4.1 micrograms/mL. A total of 7 mg unabsorbed zolpidem was found in the gastric contents. Our findings report the highest blood concentration of zolpidem reported to date and corroborate other studies that imply that death due solely to overdosage of zolpidem is an unlikely occurrence.
authors.affiliation: DrugScan, Inc., Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lichtenwalner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tully
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004332:Drowning; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D013405:Suicide; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem