title: Polyamines in goat's colostrum and milk.
abstract: The concentration and secretion of putrescine (PTR), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) was examined in colostrum and milk of 60 dairy goats (Polish White and German Brown) during 90 days of lactation. It has been found that milk polyamine pattern is related to breed, age, offspring number, lactation period, milking time, and individual goat-to-goat variations. The mean level of PTR and SPD was significantly higher, whereas SPM level was significantly lower in German Brown than Polish White goats. These differences were maintained during whole observation period (90 days after parturition). Elder goats, bearing two and three kids, secreted colostrum with a higher concentration of PTR and a lower concentration of SPD than young goats having one kid. There was a highly significant positive relationship between the age or litter total weight and PTR concentration in colostrum of Polish White goats. In contrast to PTR, the SPD level was negatively correlated with the age or litter total weight. The daily secretion of PTR, SPD, and SPM progressively increased from the 1st to 90th day of lactation. It was dependent on the increase of milk secretion rate, which could be illustrated by the highly significant correlation between daily milk yield and secretion of SPD in milk of German Brown and Polish White goats. The concentration of SPD in milk sampled in the evening was usually higher than in that from morning milking, however, significant only in the case of German Brown goats. In general, goat's colostrum and milk are rich in polyamines, which the total concentration is the highest when compared to milk of other mammals examined so far (e.g., human, rat, sow, and cow).
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Płoszaj
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ryniewicz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motyl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D013095:Spermidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011073:Polyamines; D013096:Spermine; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine