title: Confidentiality and privacy breaches in a university hospital emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of visual and auditory confidentiality and privacy breaches in a university ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study of medical personnel behavior was performed using participant and direct observation techniques. Observations were made in a university tertiary referral and trauma center emergency facility. Observers recorded auditory and visual confidentiality and privacy breaches in various patient care areas during 1-hour periods. Information collected included patient name or room number, complaint/diagnosis, diagnostic tests, past medical history, and personal information. It was then determined whether a clear identification of the patient's name or face and/or an association to his or her clinical course could be made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All members of the health care team committed confidentiality and privacy breaches. Frequency of breaches was dependent on room location and design. Breaches in the triage/waiting area occurred for > 53% of the patients. Breaches near the physician/nursing station ranged from 3 to 24 per hour and 1.5 to 3.4 per patient hour. Other inappropriate comments also were noted. One hundred consecutive patients and family members were interviewed at ED release, with only 2/100 having noticed the status board, although neither could recall any specific details.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Confidentiality and privacy breaches occur in a university ED by all members of the health care team. The ED architecture and floor plan affect patient confidentiality and privacy.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Omaha, NE, USA. emlinek@mail.unmc.edu
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mlinek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D003219:Confidentiality; D030881:Disclosure; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006302:Health Services Research; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D009329:Nebraska; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D018907:Privacy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires