title: Histone H2A significantly enhances in vitro DNA transfection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene transfer is a potential treatment modality of genetic disease. Efficient, practical methods of DNA transfection are currently under investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A beta-galactosidase reporter plasmid interacted electrostatically with histones, poly-L-Lys, poly-L-Arg, and a combination of poly-L-Lys and poly-L-Arg. This complex was then used to transfect COS-7 cells. beta-galactosidase activity was quantified and used to compare the efficiency of gene transfection in vitro. A comparison was also made of DNA transfection with the most active histone subclass, i.e., histone H2A, in the absence and presence of an anionic liposome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a marked increase in DNA transfection in the presence of histone H2A when compared with the control, whereas each of the other histones and polycations showed little, if any, effect. The extent of activation depends strongly on the DNA/histone ratio and is also a function of the molarity of the final Tris-acetate, pH 8, solution. The anionic liposomes used demonstrated an inhibitory effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histone H2A significantly enhances in vitro DNA transfection whereas other histones and anionic liposomes do not. A study of the difference between histone H2A and other histone subclasses may serve to clarify some of the mechanisms and the essential components of efficient gene delivery.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balicki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beutler
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D014162:Transfection / Q000187:drug effects*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D006657:Histones; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011073:Polyamines; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D001616:beta-Galactosidase