title: Serial in vivo passage of HIV-1 infection in Macaca nemestrina.
abstract: In an earlier study we found that pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) that were experimentally infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) initially became viremic and seroconverted, but HIV-1 replication diminished markedly over time. In an attempt to develop a longer term pathogenic model, blood from HIV-1-infected macaques was serially transfused into three groups of naive macaques. Transfer was successful through two transfusions as shown by repeated virus isolations and confirmed by the development of cell-free plasma viremia and by seroconversion. Three to five weeks after transfusion, plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA from several macaques in the first two groups exceeded those of the initially inoculated macaques. However, animals in the third group had diminished RNA levels, were virus culture negative, and did not seroconvert. Sequence analyses of env-region clones from infected animals revealed only minimal changes over the course of the passages. These results confirm HIV-1 replication in M. nemestrina during the acute phase of infection. However, adaptation of HIV-1 to a macaque-pathogenic variant did not occur during serial passage, possibly because the animals were able to restrict HIV-1 replication below a level required for a pathogenic variant to emerge. Whether such containment is a function of the host's immune response or a virus cell incompatibility remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. magy@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Agy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Florey
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Katze
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bosch
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012692:Serial Passage; D014766:Viremia; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120