title: Acute testicular ischemia results in germ cell-specific apoptosis in the rat.
abstract: Testis torsion-induced aspermatogenesis is not necessarily due to permanent loss of blood flow nor to dysfunctional Leydig cells or Sertoli cells. This investigation was undertaken to gain further insight into the mechanism underlying torsion-induced germ cell loss. Male rats were subjected to 1-h or 2-h ischemia-inducing torsion, and testes were examined at either 1, 2, 4, 24, or 48 h after torsion, depending on the study. Testes were examined for evidence of 1) in situ apoptosis by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique, 2) apoptosis by the DNA "laddering" technique, 3) leukocyte margination and diapedesis in testicular vessels by immunocytochemical and histological techniques, and 4) testicular lipid peroxidation by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. The first TUNEL evidence for torsion-induced apoptosis was at 4 h after repair of 1-h torsion. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by the electrophoretic laddering of DNA fragments. It was hypothesized that apoptosis was induced by reactive oxygen species arising from reperfusing leukocytes. A significant increase in both leukocyte margination and diapedesis occurred 4 h after torsion repair as did a significant increase in intratesticular lipid peroxidation products. These events were contemporaneous with the first appearance of apoptosis and consistent with the hypothesis that post-torsion, germ cell-specific apoptosis is induced by reactive oxygen species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA. ttt@virginia.edu
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomomasa
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000473:pathology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D004247:DNA; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase