title: Consequences of metabolic inhibition in smooth muscle isolated from guinea-pig stomach.
abstract: 1. In smooth muscle isolated from the guinea-pig stomach, cyanide (CN) and iodoacetic acid (IAA) were applied to block oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, respectively. Effects of IAA on generation of spontaneous mechanical and electrical activities were systematically investigated by comparing those of CN. Spontaneous activity ceased in 10-20 min during applications of 1 mM IAA. On the other hand, application of 1 mM CN also reduced the spontaneous activity, but never terminated it. In the presence of CN the negativity of the resting membrane potential was slightly reduced. 2. When spontaneous activity ceased with IAA, the resting membrane potential was not significantly affected. Also, before ceasing, the amplitude and duration of the spontaneous electrical activity were significantly reduced. The amplitude of the electrotonic potential was, however, not changed by IAA. Further, glibenclamide did not prevent the effects of IAA. These results suggest that, unlike cardiac muscle, activation of metabolism-dependent K+ channels in stomach smooth muscle does not seem to play a major role in reducing and terminating spontaneous activity during metabolic inhibition. 3. Carbachol-induced contraction transiently increased, and subsequently decreased gradually during application of IAA. 4. After 50 min application of IAA, when there was no spontaneous activity, the concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP measured with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance decreased to 60 and 80% of the control, respectively, while inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration paradoxically fell to below detectable levels. During subsequent prolonged application of IAA, high-energy phosphates steadily decreased. On the other hand, after 50 min CN application, [PCr] and [ATP] decreased to approximately 30 and 80% of the control, respectively, while [Pi] increased by 2.6-fold. 5. In the presence of either CN or IAA, spontaneous mechanical and electrical activities were reduced or eliminated, although amounts of high-energy phosphates sufficient to contract smooth muscle remained. It can be postulated that some mechanism(s) related to energy metabolism, but not including ATP-sensitive K+ channels, plays an important role in generating spontaneous activity in guinea-pig stomach smooth muscle. During metabolic inhibition the energy metabolism-dependent mechanism(s) would preserve high-energy phosphates, and consequently cell viability, by stopping spontaneous activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan. h44673a@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chihara
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007461:Iodoacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007461:Iodoacetates; D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D012966:Sodium Cyanide; D005905:Glyburide; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid