title: A European perspective on pediatric cochlear implantation, rehabilitation services, and their educational implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the educational implications of pediatric cochlear implantation from the perspective of the implant team.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coordinators of pediatric cochlear implant teams throughout Europe took part in a survey using forced-choice questions. Fifty-four centers were originally sent the questionnaire; 41 centers replied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 504 children planned to receive cochlear implants in Europe during 1996, 54% (273/504) were aged 2-5 years and 12% (60/504) aged 0-2 years, indicating a trend toward pediatric implantation in younger children. There is a strong commitment to rehabilitation in the teams; 66% (27/41) employ a teacher of the deaf, the ratio of medical/audiological to rehabilitation personnel is 1:2, and 76% (31/41) of the implant teams visit local educators. Of all the children receiving implants to the date of this report, 23% were considered to be in unfavorable educational environments; these were environments where children were taught with an emphasis on sign language and little expectation from audition, and mainstream provision without support from experienced teachers of the deaf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high staff input to children with cochlear implants from implant rehabilitation personnel over and above the input received in the educational environment. Hence, it is important for the school and the implant team to mutually agree on their shared responsibilities. Moreover, as the provision of service is variable and inconsistent, the development of guidelines for practice in each country should ensure consistency of rehabilitative and educational support to children with cochlear implants.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Paediatric Cochlear Implant Programme, Queens Medical Centre, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Archbold
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000639:trends*; D003638:Deafness / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D004493:Education; D005060:Europe; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn