title: Bovine papillomavirus and cancer.
abstract: Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) induces papillomas of cutaneous or mucosal epithelia in cattle. The papillomas are benign tumours and generally regress, but occasionally persist and provide the focus for malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in the presence of environmental cofactors. This has been experimentally demonstrated for BPV-2 and cancer of the urinary bladder, and BPV-4 and cancer of the upper alimentary canal in cattle feeding on bracken fern. In this review, several aspects of the biology of the virus are described including viral genome structure, regulation of transcription of the viral oncogenes, function of the viral oncoproteins, cooperation between virus and chemical cofactors in carcinogenesis, virus latency and prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination programmes.
authors.affiliation: Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, CRC Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Campo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D052697:Bovine papillomavirus 4; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D016679:Genome, Viral; D010212:Papilloma / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines