title: Amrinone versus dopamine-nitroglycerin after reconstructive surgery for complete atrioventricular septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and safety of amrinone and a combination of dopamine and nitroglycerin in infants after reconstructive surgery for congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amrinone loading dose, 2 mg/kg, followed by a maintenance infusion, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min, was given to 17 infants before separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. The remaining 15 patients received a combination of dopamine, 5 micrograms/kg/min, and nitroglycerin, 1 microgram/kg/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The circulatory state of the patients was evaluated from 4 to 18 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. The systemic blood flow index, calculated using the Fick principle, was higher in the amrinone group (2.5 +/- 0.7 L/min/m2) compared with the dopamine-nitroglycerin group (2.0 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2, mean +/- SD). The pulmonary blood flow index in the amrinone group was higher (2.9 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2) than in the dopamine-nitroglycerin group (2.2 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2); no significant difference was noted in the mean pulmonary artery pressure. The oxygen extraction ratio was higher in the dopamine-nitroglycerin group (0.41 +/- 0.07) compared with the amrinone group (0.34 +/- 0.08). Despite lower platelet counts in the amrinone group, no hemorrhagic complications were seen in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this dosage regimen, amrinone provides a higher cardiac output, more favorable oxygen dynamics, and lower pulmonary vascular resistance than dopamine and nitroglycerin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Happonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sairanen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautiainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leijala
mesh_terms: D000676:Amrinone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000676:Amrinone; D004298:Dopamine