title: Perflubron decreases inflammatory cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether inflammatory cytokine production by stimulated human alveolar macrophages is affected by perflubron exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory investigation of alveolar macrophage function in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from eleven normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endotoxin-stimulated alveolar macrophages were treated with perflubron.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alveolar macrophages were stimulated for 1 hr with lipopolysaccharide and then treated with perflubron for 23 hrs. Cell-free supernatants were collected and cytokines were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) and all of these cytokines were significantly (p < .05) inhibited by perflubron. Cell viability was not affected by perflubron. Basal cytokine concentrations from unstimulated alveolar macrophages were not altered by perflubron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure of stimulated human alveolar macrophages to perflubron in vitro decreases cytokine production. This observation suggests that perflubron may have anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195-5038, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thomassen
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Buhrow
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
mesh_terms: D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D016207:Cytokines; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C003072:perflubron