title: Percutaneous delivery of the gax gene inhibits vessel stenosis in a rabbit model of balloon angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of gax, an anti-proliferative homeobox gene, is rapidly downregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following arterial injury. Here we performed percutaneous adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into the iliac arteries of normal rabbits using a channel balloon catheter to assess the effects of gax overexpression on neointima formation, lumen diameter, reendothelialization and functional vasomotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A channel balloon catheter was used to perform both the arterial injury and local gene delivery. In each animal both iliac arteries were randomly assigned to receive either an adenovirus expressing the gax gene (Ad-Gax) or the beta-galactosidase gene (Ad-beta gal). In a second group of animals arteries were randomly assigned to receive either Ad-beta gal or saline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At one month, angiography revealed 36% less luminal narrowing in the Ad-Gax-treated arteries relative to the Ad-beta gal-treated control arteries. Histological analysis revealed that the intimal/medial ratio (I/M) was reduced by 56% in the Ad-Gax group. Endothelium-dependent vasomotion was not affected by the gax gene transfer. In the second group, no statistically significant differences were found between the saline and the Ad-beta gal-treated vessels for any of these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous adenovirus delivery of the gax gene to rabbit iliac arteries following endothelial denudation and vessel wall injury reduces neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis, but does not affect endothelium-dependent vasomotion. This study demonstrates that a VSMC transcription factor can potentially be utilized for the development of a molecular therapy for vascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Belle
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denéfle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Branellec
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Isner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D002455:Cell Division; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D011817:Rabbits; D012008:Recurrence; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000166:cytology