title: Risk for periodontal disease in patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify periodontal disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls, and to correlate the degree of destruction from periodontal disease and from RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty RA patients were matched for age, sex, smoking status, and oral hygiene with 101 controls. Correlations between indices of chronic destruction in periodontal disease (gingival attachment loss) and in RA (Larsen radiographic score) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with longstanding active RA (mean +/- SD 13 +/- 8 years) who were receiving treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (n = 46), corticosteroids (n = 38), or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (n = 43) had a higher rate of gingival bleeding (increased by 50%), greater probing depth (increased by 26%), greater attachment loss (increased by 173%), and higher number of missing teeth (increased by 29%) compared with controls. No correlation was found between the Larsen radiographic score and gingival attachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with longstanding active RA have a substantially increased frequency of periodontal disease, including loss of teeth, compared with controls. Antiinflammatory treatment interferes with periodontal disease and might have masked a possible correlation between the indices of chronic destruction in RA and periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Rheumatic Diseases II, Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Kässer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gleissner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willershausen-Zönnchen
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Bolten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D001175:Arthrography; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D012307:Risk Factors