title: Measurement of the ultrasonic attenuation of fat at high frequency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-frequency ultrasound devices are often limited by a decreased depth of acoustic imaging caused by the increased attenuation of tissue at high frequencies. We investigated the role of adipose tissue in this phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  A substitution technique was used to calculate the ultrasonic attenuation (decibels per centimeter) of fresh samples of sheep rumen, omental fat, and back fat and swine back fat and various concentrations of bovine milk fat at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C for frequencies of 15 and 20 MHz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The attenuation was significantly higher for sheep adipose tissue than for the intestinal wall, in descending order, omental fat, back fat, and rumen wall (P < 0.01). A correlation was found between bovine milk fat concentrations and attenuation at both frequencies (R2 > 0.9). The attenuation of adipose tissues decreased significantly with an increase in temperature (P < 0.01), whereas the attenuation of sheep rumen showed no significant change (P > 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ultrasonic attenuation of fat may contribute to limitations on the use of high-frequency ultrasound in clinical situations in which adipose tissue is present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Silverstein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000818:Animals; D001415:Back; D008892:Milk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009852:Omentum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012417:Rumen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data