title: Middle cerebral artery blood velocity, embolisation, and neurological outcome during carotid endarterectomy: a prospective comparison of the Javid and the Pruitt-Inahara shunts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the in vivo haemodynamic performance and neurological outcome of two types of carotid shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised single surgeon study of consecutive symptomatic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  163 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid disease were randomised to the Javid or Pruitt shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAV), preoperatively, during clamping, during shunting and post-restoration of flow, embolic episodes, neurological outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MCAV preoperatively, at carotid clamping, and postoperatively was the same for both groups (p > 0.15). During shunting the MCAV was significantly lower in the Pruitt group, p < 0.005, 59% of the Javid and 34% of the Pruitt shunts maintained MCAV at preoperative levels p < 0.005, chi 2 = 8.92. The Javid shunt produced significantly more emboli (73% of cases) at declamping than the Pruitt (41%), p < 0.0002, chi 2 = 14.7. Four Javid patients and one Pruitt had disabling thromboembolic strokes; overall thromboembolic stroke rate 3.7%. The difference in stroke rates was not statistically significant (p = 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pruitt shunt was unable to maintain preoperative MCAV in 66% of cases, the Javid shunt had a higher incidence of emboli on declamping. These factors may lead to an increased risk of stroke; however, the numbers required for statistical confirmation would be large.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, U.K.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivaguru
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D004453:Echoencephalography; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies