title: New isoforms of the chick glutamate receptor subunit GluR4: molecular cloning, regional expression and developmental analysis.
abstract: To identify chick GluR4 isoforms, we used PCR to amplify a C-terminal region that is the site of alternative splicing in rat. We report here the cloning of three novel chick GluR4 isoforms. GluR4c has a 113-bp insert in the C-terminus, is expressed in flip and flop isoforms, is most strongly expressed in the cerebellum, midbrain and forebrain, and appears from embryonic day (E) 2.5 through at least post-hatching day (P) 2, with a peak of expression at E17. GluR4d has a 184-bp segment inserted at the 4c splice site, occurs as flip and flop isoforms, is expressed most strongly in cerebellum, hindbrain and forebrain, and is present from E11 through P2, with peak expression at E17. GluR4s is a shortened form that lacks the nominal 4th transmembrane and flip/flop domains and shares a common C-terminal region with GluR4. GluR4s is expressed most strongly in the hindbrain and cerebellum and its expression increases from E11 through P2. Experiments on purified cerebellar cells show that glia express GluR4c and GluR4d at combined levels nearly twice that of GluR4 and that flip isoforms predominate. In contrast, granule cells express GluR4c and GluR4d at a level comparable to GluR4 and express GluR4s at a level less than half that in cerebellar glia. Thus, the independence of alternative splicing at the flip/flop and C-terminal splice sites allows seven alternatively spliced forms of GluR4 to exist in chick CNS. This structural diversity increases the potential for functional diversity in neuronal and glial GluRs incorporating GluR4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravindranathan
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000032:analysis*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C104724:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 4