title: Increased Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile elements via protein kinase C in alpha-toxin permeabilized SMA from young spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile elements via protein kinase C (PKC) in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from young (5-6 weeks old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).
  
  
  METHODS
  Staphylococcal aureus alpha-toxin, which produces pores in the plasma membrane too small to allow passage of proteins such as PKC, was used to investigate the signal transduction system in vascular smooth muscle cells. We investigated the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus via PKC in intact and alpha-toxin skinned SMA from young SHR and WKY.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In intact SMA, high K+ responses were not different between SHR and WKY. However, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, a PKC activator) augmented high K(+)-evoked contractions and PKC inhibitors, such as 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) and calphostin C, suppressed them more in SHR as compared with WKY. In alpha-toxin skinned SMA, the [Ca2+]i-force relationship curve was not significantly different between SHR and WKY. However, PDBu augmented [Ca2+]i-evoked contractions and PKC inhibitors suppressed them more in SHR than in WKY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile elements via PKC is significantly greater in prehypertensive SHR than in age-matched WKY. This abnormality in small muscular arteries may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical College, Japan. hisashi@unixg.ubc.ca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasajima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hano
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishio
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C058819:calphostin C; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium