title: Traumas and other adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical observation suggests that adolescents with alcohol use disorders often have complex histories that include childhood maltreatment and other traumas. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among adolescent alcohol use disorders and a broad range of traumas and adverse life events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 132 adolescents with alcohol dependence, 51 adolescents with alcohol abuse, and 73 adolescents recruited from the community as a control group. Trauma history was assessed by a semistructured interview and other adverse life events by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Traumatic events reflecting interpersonal violence had occurred in many of the adolescents with alcohol dependence and abuse and few of the control adolescents. Adolescents with alcohol abuse or dependence, compared with control subjects, were 6 to 12 times more likely to have a physical abuse history and 18 to 21 times more likely to have a sexual abuse history. Sexual abuse was more common in females, and victimization by other violent acts was more common in males. Many other adverse life events were also significantly more common in the alcohol use disorder groups than in the control group, including having a close friend die, arguments within the family, and legal difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that trauma and other adverse life events are strongly associated with alcohol use disorders in adolescents. Clinical screening of adolescents with alcohol use disorders for a range of traumatic events is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lesnick
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hegedus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*