title: Positioning during the second stage of labor: moving back to basics.
abstract: The advantages of an upright position during labor are presented, with historic, physiologic, and psychosocial aspects discussed. The influences of modern obstetric practices such as electronic fetal monitoring and anesthesia practices are discussed with findings related to the use of upright positions from the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nursing National Research Utilization Project on Second Stage Labor Management integrated. Recommendations for facilitating upright positions on the labor and delivery unit are presented.
authors.affiliation: Labor and Delivery Department, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Shermer
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Raines
mesh_terms: D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D002170:Canada; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000266:history; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology; D009773:Obstetric Nursing; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy; D014481:United States; D014590:Uterine Contraction