title: The AC/A ratio, age and presbyopia.
abstract: Previous reports concerning the effect of age on the AC/A ratio have been equivocal. Therefore, the present study investigated both the stimulus (AC/As) and response (AC/Ar) ratios using a subjective haploscope-optometer in a relatively large sample of subjects (n = 42) over a wide range of ages (22-65 years). The AC/As showed a small but significant decrease with age (approximately 0.04 delta/D/year). When the older subjects (> 45 years of age) were excluded, however, there was no systematic age effect. The AC/Ar exhibited a small but significant increase with age (approximately 0.08 delta/D/year) for subjects under 45 years of age. However, when the older pre-presbyopes and younger presbyopes (35-44 years of age) were excluded, there was no systematic age effect. In subjects 45 years of age and older, the AC/Ar could not be reliably assessed. This was attributed to physiological and instrumentation noise as a result of the minimal change in accommodative response. In the mid-aged subjects (35-44 years of age), the apparent increase in AC/Ar with age was speculated to be due to neural adaptation of the crosslink gain from the accommodative to the vergence system and/or slight intrusion into the upper non-linear response region of accommodation with the measurements. The finding of AC/Ar constancy with age when mid-aged pre-presbyopes and early presbyopes were excluded supports the non-linearity hypothesis, and thus there appears to be no real change in AC/Ar with increased age. The results support the Hess-Gullstrand theory of presbyopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, SUNY/State College of Optometry, New York 10010, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis