title: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum lesions and cardiac complications as contributing factors for strokes in beta-thalassemia patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) lesions, which lead to intracranial hemorrhages and cardiac complications, predisposing to thrombotic strokes, are frequent findings in beta-thalassemia. Nevertheless, the association of these lesions with strokes in thalassemic patients has not been previously discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten beta-thalassemic patients who developed an intracranial hemorrhage or a thrombotic stroke were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group of the four patients presenting with hemorrhage, one had PXE lesions, one had cardiac abnormalities, and one both PXE and cardiac disorders. In the group presenting with thrombotic stroke, all six patients had cardiac abnormalities and platelet count elevation due to splenectomy. Three also had PXE findings. No other predisposing factor for stroke was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac complications and PXE may be risk factors for strokes in beta-thalassemia. Their frequent coexistence leads to a therapeutic dilemma in patients requiring antithrombotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Greece. aaisopos@atlas.uoa.gr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aessopos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farmakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karagiorga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rombos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loucopoulos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011561:Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum / Q000150:complications*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications*