title: Coronary artery calcification in women with syndrome X: usefulness of double-helical CT for detection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the usefulness of double-helical computed tomography (CT) for detection of diseased coronary arteries in women with anginal pain, positive exercise stress test results, and angiographically normal coronary arteries (syndrome X).
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-helical CT of the coronary arteries was performed in 81 consecutive women who were referred for coronary angiography for evaluation of chest pain. Patients were classified into three groups according to stress test and angiographic results: normal (normal exercise test results and angiographically normal coronary arteries), syndrome X (abnormal exercise test results and angiographically normal coronary arteries), and coronary artery disease (at least one diseased vessel seen at angiography).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of coronary calcification in the syndrome X group was 63% (10 of 16 patients) compared with 96% (45 of 47 patients) in the coronary artery disease group (P = .002) and 22% (four of 18 patients) in the normal group (P = .02). The lowest total coronary calcification score and logarithmic transformed data were found in the normal group (2.9 +/- 0.7), statistically significantly higher values were found in the syndrome X group (4.3 +/- 1.5), and the highest values were found in the coronary artery disease group (5.1 +/- 2.0; for trend, P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-helical CT may be useful in detection of atherosclerosis in women with syndrome X who demonstrate normal coronary arteries at angiography.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shemesh
authors.forename: E Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Fisman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leibovitch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itzchak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motro
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*