title: [Anatomic study of the pubic-urethral ligaments in women: role of urethral suspension].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1963, the studies by Zacharin emphasized the importance of the suspensory apparatus of the female urethra, consisting of two non-extensible fibrous bands composed of 3 distinct ligaments. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of these ligaments in support of the urethra and to define the value of their preservation in cystectomy with bladder replacement in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five fresh female cadavres with a mean age 78 years (range: 75-82) were used for dissection of the suspensory apparatus of the urethra via a suprapubic then sagittal approach by section of the pelvis 2 cm from the midline. Histological studies of the urethra were then performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The suspensory apparatus of the urethra was found to be a paired, symmetrical system composed of 2 paired and symmetrical fibrous bands. Dissection of these bands revealed three anterior, intermediate and posterior pubourethral ligaments. The posterior pubourethral ligament was inserted on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the urethra and vagina (underneath the bladder neck) on anatomical studies, but also on histological sections. Section of the posterior pubourethral ligament allowed great mobility of half of the urethra. Section of these ligaments totally released the urethra from the pubis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed the importance of this ligamentous system in suspension of the urethra and demonstrated the value of preservation of these structures in cystectomy with bladder replacement in women.
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Anatomie, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lassau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boccon-Gibod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology