title: Are complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy age related?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy is increasingly performed in younger patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy in this age group, relative to that in older patients, is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the development of short term complications following endoscopic sphincterotomy is age related.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective multicentre audit of 958 patients (mean age 73, range 14-97, years) undergoing a total of 1000 endoscopic sphincterotomies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two deaths occurred, both from postsphincterotomy acute pancreatitis. Postprocedural complications developed in 24 patients: pancreatitis in 10, ascending cholangitis in seven, bleeding in four, and retroperitoneal perforation in three. There were six complications (five cases of pancreatitis and one bleed; 2.2%) and no deaths in the 281 (29.3%) patients aged under 65 years. In comparison, 18 (2.6%) of the 677 patients aged over 65 years developed a complication (cholangitis in seven, pancreatitis in five, bleeding in three, and perforation in three). Patients under 35, 45, 55, and 65 years were not at significantly increased risk of complication than those over these ages (relative risk for those under compared with those over 65 years 0.83, 95% confidence intervals 0.41-1.67, p = 0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short term complications following endoscopic sphincterotomy are not related to age. Younger patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy need not be denied endoscopic sphincterotomy for fear that the risks are greater than if they undergo surgical exploration of the common bile duct.
authors.affiliation: Stockport Unit for Minimally Invasive Therapy, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Deans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sedman
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Royston
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Leow
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome