title: Epidemiological study of hypertension and its determinants in an urban population of North India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine age-specific prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure (BP) levels in relation to diet and lifestyle factors in North Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey in 20 randomly selected streets in Moradabad, North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1806 subjects from North India (904 males and 902 females) age range 25-64 years. The survey methods were as follows: dietary diaries for 7 days food intake record; BP measurements; physician administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on new World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) criteria. Risk factors were assessed based on WHO guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension according to WHO/ISH criteria was 23.7% and by old WHO criteria 13.3%. In the WHO/ISH hypertensive group, isolated diastolic hypertension was present in 47.3% males and 40.6% females. Males have a slightly higher prevalence than females in the young age group, however, the prevalence rates are comparable in the older age groups. In both sexes, the prevalence rates and BP level increased with older age. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, higher body mass index, central obesity and higher socioeconomic status were independently and strongly associated with hypertension in both sexes. Higher dietary fat and salt intake and lower physical activity were weakly but significantly associated with hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Association of higher socioeconmic status, higher body mass index and central obesity in North Indian adults with higher fat intake, lower physical activity and higher prevalence and level of hypertension indicate that these populations may benefit by decreasing the dietary fat intake and increasing physical activity, with an aim to decrease central obesity for decreasing hypertension in North Indians.
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Laboratory, Centre of Nutrition, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beegom
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Niaz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nangia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population