title: Immunohistochemical analysis of decalcified paraffin-embedded human bone marrow biopsies with emphasis on MHC class I and CD34 expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the stromal structures and haematopoietic cell lineages in normal bone marrow. The optimal conditions were studied for the reactivity of a panel of antibodies, applicable to paraffin sections of decalcified trephine biopsies using antigen retrieval methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two methods of antigen retrieval (pepsin and acid citrate buffer) were tested. For the demonstration of most antigens and for reduction of background staining, heating in acid citrate buffer was preferred. In the case of elastase and von Willebrand Factor (factor VIIIrAg) pepsin pre-treatment was optimal, whereas Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) required no pretreatment. Staining patterns obtained after 48 h EDTA decalcification and short electrolytic decalcification were identical. Both methods allowed recognition of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens, isolated CD34+ cells, mono-histiocytic cells (CD68+), myeloid cells (elastase and myeloperoxidase), erythroid cells (glycophorin C) and of megakaryocytic cells (Factor VIIIrAg). A relative simple lymphocyte-subset analysis was possible in decalcified paraffin sections allowing recognition of B-cells (CD20+) and T-cells (CD3+ and CD45RO+) in frequencies comparable to frozen sections. Suitable stromal cell staining was achieved by vimentin and desmin antibodies, whereas the bone marrow capillary network was visualized by CD34, factor VIIIrAg and UEA-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This immunohistochemical study indicates that all cellular components of the haematopoietic microenvironment of the bone marrow can be identified in decalcified paraffin sections using antigen retrieval methods and that the time of decalcification can be reduced to 1-1.5 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loyson
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Rademakers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joling
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vroom
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: van den Tweel
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D004492:Edetic Acid; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016612:Paraffin Embedding
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D004492:Edetic Acid