title: Validity of using non-pilot subjects to represent pilots in a sustained acceleration environment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A preliminary study determined the similarities between the personality of military pilots (transport and fighter) and centrifuge subjects using the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS). Past, similar personality studies have shown differences between military fighter vs. transport pilots, and general population vs. male and female general aviators. To use subjects in lieu of pilots in the centrifuge, they must represent the pilot characteristics of interest, for both ethical and scientific reasons. With the increase in measuring performance metrics (e.g., reaction time, tracking tasks, missile evasion) during centrifuge testing, any factor effecting performance must be explored. It is unknown whether personality effects performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster analysis of 36 pilot and subject personality tests consisted of the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) program by Leonard Kaufman and Peter Rousseeuw (10) and Ward's method/K-MEANS clustering (CSS:STATISTICA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clusters generated by the 36 pilots and subjects did not match the Retzlaff and Gibertini (21) clusters. Two clusters were preferred over three, and while the values of the personality variables Dominance, Exhibition, and Aggression (DOM, EXH, AGG) were similar, the pilot membership did not coincide. Subjects had basically the same cluster characteristics as pilots and did not alter the pilot cluster composition characteristics when clustered together. Females did not appear to differ from the males in the cluster analysis. Clustering did not differentiate between fighter and transport pilots using the chosen variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results support the hypothesis that there are no major differences in personality between fighter pilots, transport pilots, or centrifuge subjects using the EPPS.
authors.affiliation: 74 AMDS/SGPF, Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Popper
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results