title: Selective management of penetrating neck trauma based on cervical level of injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective surgical exploration of penetrating neck wounds is now the standard of care, but the safety and cost effectiveness of selective diagnostic testing remains controversial. We herein review our 18-year prospective evaluation of a progressively selective approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1979, 312 patients sustained penetrating trauma to the anterior neck; 75% were stabbed and 24% were shot. Zone I was penetrated in 13%, zone II in 67%, and zone III in 20%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 105 (34%) of the patients had early exploration (16% were nontherapeutic). Of the 207 (66%) observed, 1 (0.5%) required delayed exploration. Length of stay was 8.0 days following exploration, 5.1 days following negative exploration, and 1.5 days following observation. In the last 6 years, 40% have had adjunctive testing: 69% of zone I, 15% of zone II, and 50% of zone III injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective management of penetrating neck injuries is safe and does not mandate routine diagnostic testing for asymptomatic patients with injuries in zones II and III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80204, USA.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rehse
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Franciose
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burch
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery*; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000601:surgery*