title: Quantitative chest computed tomography as a means of predicting exercise performance in severe emphysema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the value of quantitative high-resolution computed tomography (CT) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in smoking-related emphysema.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an inception cohort study of 14 patients referred with emphysema. The diagnosis of emphysema was based on a compatible history, physical examination, chest radiograph, CT scan of the lung, and pulmonary physiologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a group, those who underwent exercise testing were hyperinflated (percentage predicted total lung capacity +/- standard error of the mean = 133 +/- 9%), and there was evidence of air trapping (percentage predicted respiratory volume = 318 +/- 31%) and airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1] = 40 +/- 7%). The exercise performance of the group was severely limited (maximum achievable workload = 43 +/- 6%) and was characterized by prominent ventilatory, gas exchange, and pulmonary vascular abnormalities. The quantitative CT index was markedly elevated in all patients (76 +/- 9; n = 14; normal < 4). There were correlations between this quantitative CT index and measures of airflow limitation (FEV1 r2 = .34, p = 09; FEV1/forced vital capacity r2 = .46, p = .04) and between maximum workload achieved (r2 = .93, p = .0001) and maximum oxygen utilization (r2 = .83, p = .0007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative chest CT assessment of disease severity is correlated with the degree of airflow limitation and exercise impairment in pulmonary emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Crausman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Make
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Newell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed