title: Some preliminary studies on the ability of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to tolerate cold temperatures when placed inside a refrigerator.
abstract: Cold is often suggested as an ecological mechanism to prevent the migration of Africanized honey bees. The ability of Africanized honey bees to tolerate cold temperatures was investigated. In one study an observation hive was placed inside a refrigerator at 25 degrees C. The study was conceptualized as a choice experiment in which the colony could remain in a cold environment or leave for a warm environment. Analysis indicated that the bees remained at 9 +/- 1 degrees C for 14 days before leaving. In a second series of studies, testing the tolerance to 0 degree C, 280 bees were placed individually in small metal tubes. The data gathered included survival rate, time to regain consciousness, and ability to feed. Analysis indicated that Africanized bees can survive for up to 3 hr. at 0 degree C with few ill effects. At 4 hr., however, the survival rate is low. Limitations of the study, the use of cold as a possible deterrent to honey bee mites, and suggestions for additional research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Laboratório Apícola, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil. charles@vm1.ucc.okstate.edu
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Azeredo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D012034:Refrigeration; D016019:Survival Analysis