title: Perceived problems for self and others: self-protection by social downgrading throughout adulthood.
abstract: In this study the authors investigated social downgrading as reflected in the difference between perceptions about the self and about "most people my age." A large cross-national probability sample of adults at different age levels throughout adulthood provided ratings of perceived problems expected for the self and for "most other people my age" with regard to 12 domains of life (e.g., health, marriage, and job). Results showed that with regard to all domains, younger, middle-aged, and older adults believed other people's problems to be more serious than their own problems in these domains. Social downgrading was particularly pronounced for those domains for which a given participant experienced problems himself or herself. This self-protection tendency under threat was particularly pronounced in the older adults. The function and adaptive values for social downgrading across adulthood and old age are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychology and Human Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Germany. heckhausen@mpib-berlin.mpg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heckhausen
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Brim
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010467:Perceptual Defense; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012923:Social Class; D012938:Social Perception