title: Determination of the insecticide imidacloprid in water and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: We describe an analytical technique for measuring residues of imidacloprid, a relatively new and highly active insecticide, in water and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All analyses were performed on reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 270 nm using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (20:80, v/v). Fortified water samples were extracted with either solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-liquid extraction methods. A detection limit of 0.5 microgram/l was achieved using the SPE method. The imidacloprid residues in soils were extracted with acetonitrile-water (80:20, v/v), and the extract was then evaporated using a rotary evaporator. The concentrated extract was redissolved in 1 ml of acetonitrile-water (20:80, v/v) prior to analysis by reversed-phase HPLC. A detection limit of 5 micrograms/kg was obtained by this method which is suitable for analysis of environmental samples. Accuracy and precision at 10 and 25 micrograms/kg soil samples were 85 +/- 6% and 82 +/- 4%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Soil and Land Management, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baskaran
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kookana
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naidu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid