title: Synthesis and calcium channel modulating effects of isopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(thienyl)-5-pyridinecarboxylates.
abstract: A group of racemic isopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(thienyl)-5-pyridinecarboxylates++ + 7a-f were prepared using a modified Hantzsch reaction that involved the condensation of a thienylcarboxaldehyde 4a-f with isopropyl 3-aminocrotonate 5 and nitroacetone 6. In vitro calcium channel antagonist activities were determined using a guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle (GPILSM) assay. Compounds 7a-f exhibited weaker calcium channel antagonist activity (IC50 = 10(-5) to 10(-7) M range) than the reference drug nifedipine (IC50 = 1.43 x 10(-8) M). The point of attachment of the C-4 thienyl ring system was a determinant of antagonist activity [3-thienyl (7b) > 2-thienyl (7a)]. A 5-substituent in the 2-thienyl moiety influenced antagonist activity where the potency order was 5-bromo-2-thienyl 7f > or = 5-methyl-2-thienyl 7c > 2-thienyl 7a. Although the 5-methyl-2-thienyl 7c and 3-methyl-2-thienyl 7d isomers are equipotent antagonists, the 5-bromo-2-thienyl compound 7f appears to be marginally more active than the 4-bromo-2-thienyl isomer 7e. The 2-thienyl compound 7a, unlike the 3-thienyl isomer 7b, exhibited an agonist effect on GPILSM in the absence of the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Effects of the 2-thienyl 7a and 3-thienyl 7b isomers on the magnitude of calcium current were determined in guinea pig ventricular myocytes with voltage clamp techniques. Results showed that 2-thienyl 7a inhibited calcium current (antagonist) when voltage steps were made from a potential of -40 mV. However, when voltage steps were made from -60 mV, 7a enhanced calcium current (agonist). The 3-thienyl isomer 7b had little, if any, effect on calcium current.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miri
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Howlett
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Knaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D011725:Pyridines