title: AIDS prognosis based on HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and function: markers with reciprocal predictive value over time after seroconversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HIV-1 RNA levels in peripheral blood are strongly associated with progression to AIDS, CD4+ T-cell decline, or death. Their predictive value is reportedly independent of the predictive value of CD4+ T-cell counts. Because the interrelations between these parameters of HIV-1 infection are poorly understood, we studied the kinetics and predictive value of serum HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4+ T-cell counts, and T-cell function.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV RNA levels, CD4+ T-cell counts, and T-cell function were measured from seroconversion to AIDS in 123 homosexual men who seroconverted during a prospective study and were followed over 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patterns of median HIV-1 RNA levels were found during infection: a steady-state and a 'U-shaped' curve. Steady-state high RNA levels were related to rapid disease progression. For the U-shaped curve, there were groups with high and low RNA levels related to disease progression. At 1 year after seroconversion, RNA level was the only marker that was strongly predictive. Furthermore, decreasing RNA levels in the first year following seroconversion were related to better prognosis than stable low levels. Low CD4+ T-cell count and T-cell function became predictive of progression to AIDS at 2 and 5 years after seroconversion, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With ongoing infection, the predictive value of low CD4+ T-cell count and T-cell function increases, whereas the predictive value of high HIV-1 RNA level decreases. These findings reflect the observation that infection with HIV progressively leads towards immune deficiency, which in later stages is most predictive of disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Retrovirology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Wolf
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spijkerman
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Schellekens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langendam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miedema
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goudsmit
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral