title: The effect of postmenopause and postmenopausal HRT on measured voice values and vocal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of postmenopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the measured fundamental frequency (F0) and sound pressure level (SPL) of sustained phonation and speaking voice samples and on subjective vocal/laryngeal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three postmenopausal women (mean age 51.6) were divided into three groups: a group with no HRT, an estrogen group (daily oral dose of 2 mg of estradiol valerate), and an estrogen-progestin group (daily oral dose of 2 mg of 17-B-estradiol and 1 mg of northisterone acetate). Voice measurements were made before and after 1 year of treatment. Subjective symptoms were registered using a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean F0 and SPL decreased significantly in the group with no HRT in spontaneous speech and reading samples as did SPL in the normal phonation sample. In both groups with HRT, the mean F0 decreased significantly only in the spontaneous speech sample and the decrease was smaller than in the group with no HRT. The mean SPL decrease in the estrogen group was significant in the normal phonation sample while in the estrogen-progestin group it was significant in both the normal phonation and the reading sample. The number of subjective symptoms was smallest in the estrogen group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in the measured voice values and the subjective symptoms experienced suggest that at least the early postmenopausal years are associated with vocal changes and that HRT counteracts this phenomenon. This seems to be more pronounced with estrogen than with a combination of estrogen and progestin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Phoniatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilkman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raudaskoski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suvanto-Luukkonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kauppila
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012016:Reference Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins