Managing the excited skin syndrome: patch testing hyperirritable skin.
Inflammation-modulating phenomena (IMPs), humoral and cellular, fluctuate during the course of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis influencing irritability of the skin. The patch test procedure is a biological assay, a titration of responses of IMPs which can produce hyporeactivity or hyperirritability of the skin of patients who have dermatitis (PDs) and a single patch test is a 'snapshot' of the tempo of an evolving process. The excited skin syndrome (ESS) refers to hyperirritability from clinical and patch test dermatitis creating false-positive patch test reactions which are not reproducible when dermatitis and IMPs have subsided. During ESS, the threshold for irritancy decreases and irritant reactions increase. Patch test concentrations should be determined and ESS investigated in PDs having enhanced IMPs, not in 'normal' individuals, and if a patch test result is important to a patient the test should be performed more than once. Variable reproducibility is inherent in the patch test method, but ESS can be managed by appropriate testing and retesting, and search for relevance.
Mitchell
J
J
University California Medical School, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Maibach
H I
HI
D000328:Adult; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity