title: Dietary docosahexaenoic acid increases cerebral acetylcholine levels and improves passive avoidance performance in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: We have recently shown that inferior performance in passive avoidance task is accompanied with decreased hippocampal choline (Ch) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) compared with normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). We also reported that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) suppresses the development of hypertension and stroke-related behavioral changes, resulting in the prolongation of the life span of SHRSP. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary DHA on the cerebral acetylcholine (ACh) levels and learning performance in passive avoidance tasks in SHRSP. The arachidonic acid decreased and the DHA increased in plasma lipids dose dependently with dietary DHA treatments, which decreased the systolic blood pressure in SHRSP. Dietary DHA significantly restored the significantly inferior learning performance in passive avoidance response observed in control SHRSP (DHA 0%). Furthermore, the hippocampal ACh levels were correlated positively with the total response latency in passive avoidance tasks. These results suggest that cholinergic dysfunction in the brain of control SHRSP is responsible, at least in part, for the impaired learning ability and the dietary DHA ameliorates this performance failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamaue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirafuji
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine