title: Detection of pulmonary nodules with helical CT: comparison of cine and film-based viewing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine whether cine viewing of helical CT scans of the chest improves the detection of pulmonary nodules in patients with known extrathoracic malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identical helical CT studies of the chest of 60 patients with known extrathoracic malignancy were reviewed for detection of pulmonary nodules. Four radiologists interpreted the helical CT studies. Pulmonary nodules were divided into four groups according to maximum diameter: group 1, nodules smaller than or equal to 5 mm; group 2, nodules larger than 5 mm but smaller than or equal to 10 mm; group 3, nodules larger than 10 mm but smaller than or equal to 20 mm; group 4, nodules larger than 20 mm. Interpreters also assigned a lesion conspicuity score of pulmonary nodules based on a four-point scale: one point for poor visibility, two points for adequate visibility, three points for good visibility, and four points for excellent visibility. Static film-based images printed on a laser printer were viewed on a light box. Cine viewing of helical CT scans from the same examinations was done on a commercially available workstation. The number, diameter, and conspicuity scores of pulmonary nodules detected at lung window settings were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interpreters saw 266 nodules on cine viewing, whereas 237 nodules were seen with static film-based viewing. A significantly higher percentage of nodules that were smaller than or equal to 5 mm in diameter was found with cine viewing (n = 106) than with static film-based viewing (n = 81) (p < .05). Cine viewing (n = 105) also allowed a slightly but not significantly higher detection rate of nodules that were larger than 5 mm but smaller than or equal to 10 mm in diameter than did static film-based viewing (n = 101). We found no differences between cine (n = 55) and static film-based viewing (n = 55) in the detection of pulmonary nodules that were larger than 10 mm in diameter. The mean conspicuity score of nodules was significantly higher with cine viewing (2.9 +/- 0.2) than with film-based viewing (2.4 +/- 0.2) (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cine viewing of helical CT scans significantly increases the detection rate of pulmonary nodules that are smaller than or equal to 5 mm in diameter. However, we found no significant difference between cine and film-based viewing in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules that were larger than 5 mm in diameter. The advantages of cine viewing may be attributed to both the larger image size and the ability to scroll through images for improved differentiation between vessels and nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tillich
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kammerhuber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reittner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Riepl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoeffler
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Szolar
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*