title: Influence of prognostic groupings and treatment results in the management of unresectable hepatoma: experience with Cisplatinum-based chemoradiotherapy in 76 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Internationally, hepatoma is a common cause of cancer death. Although the only curative therapy is surgical, most tumors are unresectable and cause death. The value of nonsurgical, antineoplastic therapy for such tumors is controversial. This study was undertaken to extend and confirm promising, but preliminary, treatment observations in the unresectable context.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 1993, 76 patients with unresectable, biopsy proven, hepatoma underwent uniform pretreatment assessment followed by induction therapy with external beam radiotherapy (21 Gy/7 fractions/10 days) and intravenous Cisplatinum, 50 mg/m2. One month later patients began monthly intrahepatic artery Cisplatinum, 50 mg/m2. Clinical course and treatment outcomes were correlated with previously published prognostic factors and groupings (Nomura et al., Okuda et al., Stillwagon, et al.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The toxicity of this therapy was modest and nonlimiting. Twenty-four patients (32%) progressed during induction and prior to receiving two cycles of intrahepatic artery Cisplatinum without evidence of benefit. Patients showing this early progression were more likely to be Stillwagon unfavorable than favorable (p = 0.013), Okuda Stage II than Stage I (p = 0.024), and slightly but not statistically more likely to be alpha-fetoprotein positive than alpha-fetoprotein negative (p = 0.098). The overall objective response rate was 43% (38% among AFP positive and 62% among AFP negative patients) (p = 0.15). Although 21 patients had evidence of extra hepatic metastases, survival for these patients did not differ from patients without metastases (p = 0.09) and patients with extra hepatic metastases were just as likely to show intrahepatic response (p = 0.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chemoradiotherapy program utilized produced objective response and minimal toxicity. One-third of patients progressed rapidly in spite of treatment. Among the remaining patients, response occurred frequently. This treatment appears to represent an important therapeutic option for many, but not all, patients with unresectable hepatoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-8922, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cardinale
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Haulk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Osterman
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sitzmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin