title: Role of transcranial Doppler and stump pressure during carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to clarify the pathophysiology of perioperative cerebral complications during carotid endarterectomy in our series.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and stump pressure measurement, we monitored 112 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia for symptomatic or asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 18 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy with intra-arterial shunt, 2 (11.1%) developed an ischemic stroke. Of the other 94 patients, one suffered a nucleocapsular hemorrhage and 5 had cerebral ischemic complications. In these 5 patients, the duration of clamping was significantly longer (mean +/- SD, 16.4 +/- 1.1 versus 12.7 +/- 2.6 minutes; P = .0019), and the decrease of middle cerebral artery mean velocity on clamping was significantly greater (mean +/- SD, 56.4 +/- 4.9% versus 28.8 +/- 20.2%; P = .0031), while stump pressure was not significantly different. Microembolic signals were recorded in 70 patients (62.5%) and were not associated with cerebral ischemic complications. The 7 patients who developed cerebral ischemic complications had a significantly higher percentage of stenosis in the contralateral internal carotid artery (mean +/- SD, 82.0 +/- 17.8% versus 29.3 +/- 36.4%; P = .0018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest that the major complications of carotid endarterectomy may be due to hemodynamic factors. Stump pressure alone is not a reliable indicator of hemodynamic changes that predict cerebral ischemia. Particulate microembolism may cause more subtle changes in cerebral parenchyma, but further studies are needed to clarify this point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Rehabilitation, University of Genova, Italy. cincarl@ge.itline.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Finocchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gandolfo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carissimi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Sette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertoglio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial