title: Improved technique of heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The method for mouse vascularized heart transplantation have been described using suture and cuff techniques. Technical problems have limited its widespread use. Here, we describe our method of modified cervical heterotopic transplantation with the cuff technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using a smaller Teflon cuff (external diameter 0.6 mm, internal diameter 0.4 mm) and superfine-tip forceps, it became possible to directly pull the edge of the carotid artery and evert the proximal end of the artery over the cuff. Similarly, the external jugular vein could be easily everted over a 22-gauge cuff with this direct pulling method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By these modifications, the operation time was reduced. It usually takes 20 min for the donor harvest, 15 min for preparation of the cervical vessels, and 15 min for anastomosis. All procedures from the donor harvest through skin closure of the recipient mice can be completed within 1 hr, and ischemic time is within 25-40 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method can be used to investigate cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance and mechanisms of reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Q W
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation; D000818:Animals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009333:Neck; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide