title: Meis1 and pKnox1 bind DNA cooperatively with Pbx1 utilizing an interaction surface disrupted in oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1.
abstract: E2a-Pbx1 is a chimeric transcription factor oncoprotein produced by the t(1;19) translocation in human pre-B cell leukemia. Class I Hox proteins bind DNA cooperatively with both Pbx proteins and oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1, suggesting that leukemogenesis by E2a-Pbx1 and Hox proteins may alter transcription of cellular genes regulated by Pbx-Hox motifs. Likewise, in murine myeloid leukemia, transcriptional coactivation of Meis1 with HoxA7/A9 suggests that Meis1-HoxA7/9 heterodimers may evoke aberrant gene transcription. Here, we demonstrate that both Meis1 and its relative, pKnox1, dimerize with Pbx1 on the same TGATTGAC motif selected by dimers of Pbx proteins and unidentified partner(s) in nuclear extracts, including those from t(1;19) pre-B cells. Outside their homeodomains, Meis1 and pKnox1 were highly conserved only in two motifs required for cooperativity with Pbx1. Like the unidentified endogenous partner(s), both Meis1 and pKnox1 failed to dimerize significantly with E2a-Pbx1. The Meis1/pKnox1-interaction domain in Pbx1 resided predominantly in a conserved N-terminal Pbx domain deleted in E2a-Pbx1. Thus, the leukemic potential of E2a-Pbx1 may require abrogation of its interaction with members of the Meis and pKnox families of transcription factors, permitting selective targeting of genes regulated by Pbx-Hox complexes. In addition, because most motifs bound by Pbx-Meis1/pKnox1 were not bound by Pbx1-Hox complexes, the leukemic potential of Meis1 in myeloid leukemias may involve shifting Pbx proteins from promoters containing Pbx-Hox motifs to those containing Pbx-Meis motifs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. pknoepfler@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Knoepfler
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kamps
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000075064:Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000075062:Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C000616391:MEIS1 protein, human; C000616392:Meis1 protein, mouse; D000075064:Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; C106682:PKNOX1 protein, human; C491412:Pknox1 protein, mouse; D000075062:Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C083400:PBX1 protein, human; C089847:E2A-Pbx1 fusion protein; D004247:DNA