title: T cell syncytia induced by HIV release. T cell chemoattractants: demonstration with a newly developed single cell chemotaxis chamber.
abstract: A chemotaxis chamber has been developed to analyze both the velocity and the directionality of individual T cells in gradients of high molecular mass molecules over long periods of time. Employing this chamber, it is demonstrated that syncytia induced by HIV in SUP-T1 cell cultures release two T cell chemoattractants with approximate molecular masses of 30 and 120 kDa. Neither uninfected single cells nor polyethylene glycol-induced syncytia release detectable chemoattractant, suggesting that these chemoattractants are linked to HIV infection. Soluble gp120 functions as a T cell chemoattractant and the addition of anti-gp120 antibody to syncytium-conditioned medium blocks the high molecular mass chemoattractant activity but not the low molecular mass activity. The addition of anti-CD4 antibody to syncytium-conditioned medium also blocks the high molecular mass chemoattractant activity but not the low molecular mass activity. These results demonstrate that HIV-induced T cell syncytia release a low and a high molecular mass T cell chemoattractant, and suggest that the high molecular mass factor is gp120 and that it functions through the CD4 receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shutt
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Carolan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Soll
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000276:immunology; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120