title: A pump-prime aprotinin dose in cardiac surgery: appraisal of its effects on the hemostatic system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine pump-prime aprotinin action on coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients undergoing primary coronary revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients were randomly assigned to either group A, 21 patients treated with 2 x 10(6) kallikrein inhibitor units (KIU) of aprotinin in the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime, or group B, 22 patients, untreated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients, scheduled for elective coronary surgery, were treated with 2 x 10(6) KIU of aprotinin in the CPB prime. Markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical times, number of reopenings, and allogeneic blood requirements were collected for each patient. Blood samples were obtained before and after surgery for assessing coagulation (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], ethanol test, factor VII, antithrombin III [AT III], thrombin-antithrombin III complex [TAT], fragment 1.2 of prothrombin [F1.2]) and fibrinolysis (fibrin degradation products [FOP], plasmin-antiplasmin complexes [PAP], D-dimers) markers variations. In group A surgical times were faster, there were fewer reopenings (0 v 3), and fewer blood transfusions (1 patient v 4 patients). The two groups did not differ for PT, aPTT, and fibrinogen measurements. Postoperative FDP (measurable in more patients of group B at the end of the operation), PAP, and D-dimers postoperatory levels (less increased in aprotinin group) show the antifibrinolytic properties of the drug. Regarding the coagulation markers, factor VII decreased, whereas TAT and F1.2 increased, all to a lesser extent in the aprotinin group compared with the untreated patients, at the end of operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pump-prime aprotinin minimized, even if not completely inhibited, the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during CPB, possibly ensuring a less complicated and safer postoperative recovery. It seemed to allow the maintenance of a correct balance of hemostatic systems, avoiding the risk of thrombotic phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University of the Holy Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Storti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamparelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Possati
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiavello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin