Activation of the leu-500 promoter by a reversed polarity tetA gene. Response to global plasmid supercoiling.
The leu-500 promoter is inactivated by a mutation in the -10 region but can be activated in topA Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains. We have found that the tetA gene plays a vital role in the topA-dependent activation of a plasmid-borne leu-500 promoter. In previous studies, the leu-500 promoter and tetA gene have been arranged divergently. In this study we have reversed the polarity of the tetA gene, thus locating the leu-500 promoter at the 3' end of tetA. Despite being formally located in the downstream region of tetA, the leu-500 promoter is equally well activated in a topA strain in this environment, even though it is 1.6 kilobase pairs away from the promoter of the reversed tetA gene. Activation of the leu-500 promoter depends on transcription and translation of tetA but is largely insensitive to the function of other transcription units on the plasmid. These results require a change in viewpoint of the role of tetA, from local to global supercoiling. We conclude that transcription of the tetA gene is the main generator of transcription-induced supercoiling that activates the leu-500 promoter. Unbalanced relaxation of this supercoiling leads to a net increase in the negative linking difference of the plasmid globally, and there is a linear correlation between the change in global plasmid topology and the activation of the leu-500 promoter. Thus the leu-500 promoter appears to respond to the negative supercoiling of the plasmid overall.
Chen
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Cancer Research Campaign Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
Bachellier
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Lilley
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D017920:Antiporters / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D017920:Antiporters; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; C079051:tetA protein, Bacteria