title: Chemical agents for the control of plaque and plaque microflora: an overview.
abstract: This presentation provides an overview of the technologies available for the chemical control of plaque. It is generally accepted that the formation of dental plaque at the interfaces of tooth/gingiva is one of the major causes of gingival inflammation and dental caries. Several therapeutic approaches have been used to control dental plaque and supragingival infections. These include fluoride preparations such as stannous fluoride, oxygenating agents, anti-attachment agents, and cationic and non-cationic antibacterial agents. Among the fluoride preparations, stable stannous fluoride pastes and gels have been shown to reduce supragingival plaque, gingivitis, hypersensitivity and caries. The effect of the oxygenating agents on the supragingival plaque has been equivocal, but recent data indicate that a stable agent which provides sustained active oxygen release is effective in controlling plaque. A polymer, PVPA, which reduced attachment of bacteria to teeth was shown to significantly reduce plaque formation in humans. A new generation of antibacterials includes non-ionics such as triclosan, which in combination with a special polymer delivery system, has been shown to reduce plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus and dental caries in long-term studies conducted around the world. Unlike the first generation of agents, the triclosan/copolymer/sodium fluoride system is effective in long-term clinicals and does not cause staining of teeth, increase in calculus, or disturbance in the oral microbial ecology.
authors.affiliation: Colgate-Palmolive Technology Group, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1343, USA. abdul-gaffar@colpal.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaffar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Afflitto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nabi
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002412:Cations; D018890:Chemoprevention; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control; D005782:Gels; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016877:Oxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014070:Tooth / Q000382:microbiology; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control; D014100:Toothpastes; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002412:Cations; D005782:Gels; D063065:Organophosphonates; D016877:Oxidants; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014100:Toothpastes; D014260:Triclosan; D012969:Sodium Fluoride