title: Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by sodium salicylate leads to inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-induced IkappaB alpha phosphorylation and degradation.
abstract: Many actions of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) on gene expression are mediated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Activation of NF-kappaB by TNF and IL-1 is initiated by the phosphorylation of the inhibitory subunit, IkappaB, which targets IkappaB for degradation and leads to the release of active NF-kappaB. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sodium salicylate (NaSal) interferes with TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the IkappaB alpha protein. Recent evidence indicated that NaSal activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), raising the possibility that inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by NaSal is mediated by p38 MAPK. We now show that inhibition of TNF-induced IkappaB alpha phosphorylation and degradation by NaSal is prevented by treatment of cells with SB203580, a highly specific p38 MAPK inhibitor. Both p38 activation and inhibition of TNF-induced IkappaB alpha degradation were seen after only 30 s to 1 min of NaSal treatment. Induction of p38 MAPK activation and inhibition of TNF-induced IkappaB alpha degradation were demonstrated with pharmacologically achievable doses of NaSal. These findings provide evidence for a role of NaSal-induced p38 MAPK activation in the inhibition of TNF signaling and suggest a possible role for the p38 MAPK in the anti-inflammatory actions of salicylates. In addition, these results implicate the p38 MAPK as a possible negative regulator of TNF signaling that leads to NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwenger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Skolnik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilcek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D012980:Sodium Salicylate