title: Gene expression of atrial natriuretic factor in ovine fetal heart during development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study quantified the abundance of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) messenger RNA (mRNA) and determined the developmental pattern of ANF gene expression in the four cardiac chambers of the ovine fetus during the last two-thirds of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one fetuses from 13 time-dated pregnant ewes at gestational ages of 60-145 days were used for this study. Total RNA from fetal atria and ventricles was extracted and ANF mRNA was analyzed by Northern blotting. The ANF mRNA signal was quantified by light densitometry. The abundance of ANF mRNA in the cardiac chambers across gestational ages was analyzed by linear regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrial natriuretic factor mRNA was much more abundant in the atria than in the ventricles of all fetuses at each gestational age studied. Atrial ANF mRNA levels were lowest in the younger fetuses at 60 days and increased with advancing gestation. Ventricular ANF mRNA levels were highest in fetuses at 60 days and decreased to almost nondetectable levels near term. No difference in ANF mRNA abundance was noted between the right and left atria or the right and left ventricles at each gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A developmental pattern of ANF gene expression is demonstrated in the ovine fetal heart during the last two-thirds of gestation. This pattern shows that atrial ANF mRNA abundance increases while ventricular abundance decreases as the fetus matures. Expression of the ANF gene in the fetal period may be regulated developmentally or induced by cardiovascular changes in utero.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0802, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Tetzke
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor