title: Phase I study of VRCTC-310, a purified phospholipase A2 purified from snake venom, in patients with refractory cancer: safety and pharmacokinetic data.
abstract: A phase I study was performed to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety profile and pharmacokinetic data with VRCTC-310, a natural product derived from purified snake venom fractions, with phospholipase A2 activity and inhibitory effects against human and murine tumor cell lines. Fifteen patients with refractory malignancies were entered after providing written informed consent. VRCTC-310 was administered as an intramuscular injection daily for 30 consecutive days. Doses were escalated from 0.0025 to 0.023 mg/kg. Toxicities included local pain at the injection site, eosinophilia, reversible diplopia and palpebral ptosis. Dose escalation was stopped at 0.023 mg/kg, when two patients had developed anaphylactoid reactions. Both cases had high VRCTC-310-specific IgG by EIA. MTD was 0.017 mg/kg and the recommended dose for phase II studies is 0.017 mg/kg. Stabilization was found in six patients.
authors.affiliation: Hospital B Houssay, Oncology Unit, Vicente López, Argentina.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Diez
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coni Molina
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cervellino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003439:Crotoxin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012910:Snake Venoms; C084936:cardiotoxin, crotoxin drug combination; D003439:Crotoxin; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2