title: Biodistribution of indocyanine green in a porcine burn model: light and fluorescence microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infrared-excited fluorescence of intravenously administered indocyanine green (ICG) is being used as a method of early determination of burn depth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence microscopy and tissue fluorescence were recorded in a porcine burn model and correlated to burn severity and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recently placed superficial burns show significant fluorescence compared with adjacent normal tissue as a result of a strong inflammatory reaction in the superficial dermis with minimal vascular occlusion. The magnitude of the inflammatory reaction decreases with time. For deeper burns, vascular occlusion prevents transport of ICG into the burn and the intensity of ICG fluorescence in burn eschar is negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensity of ICG fluorescence measured at the surface of the wound for burns of similar age was shown to decrease exponentially with the depth of the burn. The enhanced fluorescence of partial-thickness burns is attributable to increased permeability, and the decreased signal associated with deeper injuries is attributable to vascular occlusion. These results suggest that it is possible to differentiate burns that will heal spontaneously with minimal granulation from those that will not by measuring the intensity of ICG fluorescence.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Schomacker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torri
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sandison
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Nishioka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green