title: Monoamniotic twin cord entanglement. A case report with color flow Doppler Ultrasonography for antenatal diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monoamniotic twinning is a rare event with a high perinatal mortality rate from cord accidents. To date, only a few cases have been reported in which cord entanglement was diagnosed with Doppler ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a monoamniotic twin pregnancy, umbilical cord entanglement was diagnosed at 20 weeks' gestation by color flow Doppler ultrasonography. The entanglement was associated with growth discordance between the twins and subsequent death of the smaller fetus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rarity of this condition hinders our understanding of the pathophysiology and development of management protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahabi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallond
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schlikker
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Avni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodesch
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014427:Twins; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging