title: The role of natural anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies in hyperacute rejection of pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplants.
abstract: Xenoreactive natural antibodies in humans and higher primates are directed predominantly at Gal alpha 1-3Gal. These antibodies are thought to initiate hyperacute rejection of porcine organ xenografts. The contribution of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies to the xenoractive natural antibody repertoire and to the initiation of hyperacute rejection was tested in a pig-to-baboon cardiac xenograft model. Anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies were depleted from baboons by extracorporeal absorption of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies from plasma using columns with a matrix bearing Gal alpha 1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc. Specific removal of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies was achieved prior to transplantation as demonstrated by immunoassay. Porcine hearts were then transplanted into these baboons and the outcome of the transplants was analysed. Immunofluorescence revealed little deposition of baboon antibodies in the grafts. The porcine hearts did not undergo hyperacute rejection even though complement activity was approximately 90% of baseline at the time of transplantation. These findings demonstrate that anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies constitute a major fraction of xenoreactive natural antibodies in primate blood and that these antibodies contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of hyperacute xenograft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kooyman
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Daggett
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hoopes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gullotto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010215:Papio; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004187:Disaccharides; C055075:galactosyl-(1-3)galactose