title: Dissociation between intracellular calcium elevation and development of human oocytes treated with calcium ionophore.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an acceptable model system to study calcium activation of human oocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study of oocyte development and intracellular calcium [Ca]i dynamics of activated oocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research center affiliated with infertility service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphologic evidence of meiotic maturation and cell division under high-power Hoffman optics with an inverted microscope. Meiotic maturation was determined by the number of polar bodies or the presence of a pronucleus, and cell division was determined by evidence of a cleavage furrow or presence of blastomeres. To monitor the effect of calcium ionophore on [Ca]i levels, oocytes were incubated with fura-2 (2 microM) for 30 minutes and [Ca]i was determined by rationing the emission fluorescence (510-nm long-pass filter) during simultaneous excitation at 340 and 380 nm with a microspectrofluorimeter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All oocytes loaded with fura-2 and then exposed to ionophore exhibited an isolated elevation of [Ca]i, followed by prompt return to baseline levels. None of the oocytes showed signs of cleavage or of meiotic maturation after treatment with calcium ionophore.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human oocytes activated with calcium ionophore A23187 or ionomycin exhibited elevated [Ca]i but remained resistant to subsequent meiotic maturation and cleavage. Our results differ from some reports of parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes. These differences may result from different activation protocols or culture conditions. Because none of the 126 oocytes cleaved after the activation protocols used in these experiments, this approach should provide an ethically acceptable model system to study calcium dynamics in human oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rinaudo
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pepperell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buradgunta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massobrio
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Keefe
mesh_terms: D000001:Calcimycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007476:Ionophores; D000001:Calcimycin; D015759:Ionomycin; D002118:Calcium