title: Pentoxifylline reduces nephrotoxicity associated with cyclosporine in the rat by its rheological properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goals of this study were to evaluate whether administration of pentoxifylline (POF) reduces the nephrotoxicity associated with cyclosporine (CsA) in the rat, and whether the effect of POF is related to its rheological properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean arterial pressure was measured by an intraarterial catheter. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were determined by measuring inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances, after double-blind coadministration for 10 days of CsA (25 mg/kg/day) with either vehicle or POF (45 mg/kg every 12 hr). These results were compared with those obtained in control rats. Blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability were also evaluated after treatment using a cone plate viscometer and a filtration method, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes were observed in mean arterial pressure in both groups compared with controls. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in CsA-treated rats (0.3+/-0.1 ml/min/100 g) than in control animals (0.6+/-0.1 ml/min/100 g, P<0.02). The coadministration of CsA with POF normalized the glomerular filtration rate (0.6+/-0.1 ml/min/100 g). A parallel decrease in renal plasma flow was observed in CsA-treated rats compared with controls (CsA+vehicle: 1.5+/-0.2 vs. control: 2.2+/-0.1 ml/min/100 g, P<0.02), this effect completely reversed by cotreatment with POF (3.1+/-0.2 ml/min/100 g). Blood viscosity was significantly higher in CsA-treated rats than in the control group (CsA+vehicle: 5.6+/-0.7 vs. control: 5.0+/-0.4 m x Pa x s, P<0.05). This effect was associated with a lower erythrocyte deformability (CsA+vehicle: 1.2+/-0.2 vs. control: 1.5+/-0.3 ml/min, P<0.05). These rheological abnormalities were normalized by coadministration with POF (blood viscosity: 4.9+/-0.7 m x Pa x s and erythrocyte deformability: 1.9+/-0.4 ml/min, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that administration of POF prevents the nephrotoxicity associated with CsA. This beneficial effect could be related to its rheological properties.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Albornoz
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bandi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canteros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de las Heras
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mastai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012212:Rheology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D010431:Pentoxifylline