title: Cyclosporins: immunosuppressive drugs with anti-HIV-1 activity.
abstract: Cyclosporin A was introduced into clinical use in the late 1970s to reduce graft rejection after organ transplantation. This drug, a cyclic undecapeptide metabolite of the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum, interferes with lymphokine biosynthesis, hence its immunosuppressive activity. Recently, it has become clear that cyclosporins are also inhibitors of HIV-1 replication. Immunosuppressive and antiviral activities are distinct functions of the cyclosporins, but both functions require an interaction of the drug with cyclophilins.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Markus.Thali.@inst.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thali
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003524:Cyclosporins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase