title: Delta-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus as a costimulator of human neutrophil oxidative burst.
abstract: Delta-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various pathophysiologic effects. By studying different cell types in binding of delta-toxin in low, noncytotoxic concentrations, a specific binding of fluorescein-labeled delta-toxin to neutrophils and monocytes was found. Studying direct effects of delta-toxin on neutrophils, a dose-dependent up-regulation of complement receptor 3 expression was found. Oxygen radical production, as determined by Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, was not directly induced by delta-toxin, and this toxin was also unable to prime neutrophils for an enhanced response to FMLP or complement-opsonized zymosan. However, the priming response induced by lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly further enhanced in the presence of delta-toxin. Furthermore, as a direct effect on human monocytes, delta-toxin induced TNF-alpha production. These data provide evidence that delta-toxin has direct and indirect effects on the activity of neutrophils and monocytes with regard to its proinflammatory capacity.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman-Winkler Institute for Medical Microbiology, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Veldkamp
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Van Kessel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Strijp
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; C025994:delta hemolysin protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D015054:Zymosan