title: Ion-induced folding of the hammerhead ribozyme: a fluorescence resonance energy transfer study.
abstract: The ion-induced folding transitions of the hammerhead ribozyme have been analysed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The hammerhead ribozyme may be regarded as a special example of a three-way RNA junction, the global structure of which has been studied by comparing the distances (as energy transfer efficiencies) between the ends of pairs of labelled arms for the three possible end-to-end vectors as a function of magnesium ion concentration. The data support two sequential ion-dependent transitions, which can be interpreted in the light of the crystal structures of the hammerhead ribozyme. The first transition corresponds to the formation of a coaxial stacking between helices II and III; the data can be fully explained by a model in which the transition is induced by a single magnesium ion which binds with an apparent association constant of 8000-10 000 M-1. The second structural transition corresponds to the formation of the catalytic domain of the ribozyme, induced by a single magnesium ion with an apparent association constant of approximately 1100 M-1. The hammerhead ribozyme provides a well-defined example of ion-dependent folding in RNA.
authors.affiliation: CRC Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Murchie
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lilley
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D008274:Magnesium