title: Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats: effect of intravenous alpha-alpha diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin on hypoperfusion and neuronal death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodilution with diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) ameliorates occlusive cerebral ischemia. However, subarachnoid hemoglobin has been implicated as a cause of cerebral hypoperfusion. The effect of intravenous DCLHb on cerebral perfusion and neuronal death after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats (n = 48) were anesthetized with isoflurane and subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by injecting 0.3 ml of autologous blood into the cistema magna. Each animal received one of the following regimens: Control, no hematocrit manipulation; DCLHb, hematocrit concentration decreased to 30% with DCLHb; or Alb, hematocrit concentration decreased to 30% with human serum albumin. The experiments had two parts, A and B. In part A, after 20 min, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was assessed with 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. In part B, after 96 h, in separate animals, the number of dead neurons was determined in predetermined coronal sections by hematoxylin and eosin staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral blood flow was greater for the DCLHb group than for the control group; and CBF was greater for the Alb group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). In one section, CBF was 45.5 +/- 10.9 ml x 100 g(-1) x min(-1) (mean +/- SD) for the control group, 95.3 +/- 16.6 ml x 100 g(-1) x min(-1) for the DCLHb group, and 138.1 +/- 18.7 ml x 100 g(-1) x min(-1) for the Alb group. The number of dead neurons was less in the Alb group (611 +/- 84) than in the control group (1,097 +/- 211), and was less in the DCLHb group (305 +/- 38) than in the other two groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support a hypothesis that hemodilution decreases hypoperfusion and neuronal death after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The data do not support the notion that intravascular molecular hemoglobin has an adverse effect on brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, California 92354, USA. djcole@ccmail.llu.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nary
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; D006438:Hemodilution; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; C083478:diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobin; D001241:Aspirin