title: Ursodeoxycholic acid delays the onset of esophageal varices in primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on development of esophageal varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared, as part of a prospective treatment trial, the risk of varices developing in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who received ursodeoxycholic acid (13 to 15 mg/kg daily) versus those who received placebo for up to 4 years. Upper endoscopy was performed every 2 years or as indicated clinically. At the end of the 4-year period, all patients in the placebo group were offered ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. During follow-up, the risk of developing endoscopically confirmed varices was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 180 patients who entered the ursodeoxycholic acid trial were assessed for the presence or absence of varices by esophagogastroduodenoscopy; 139 patients had no varices, and 41 patients demonstrated varices on initial examination. At 4 years, the risk of newly developing endoscopically confirmed varices was 16% for the ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients and 58% for the placebo-treated patients (P < 0.001). Thus, the use of ursodeoxycholic acid was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to biochemical improvement, delay in death, and prolongation of time to orthotopic liver transplantation, ursodeoxycholic acid has now been demonstrated to decrease the risk of esophageal varices developing in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lindor
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Therneau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinchoc
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid