title: Automated pupil perimetry in amblyopia: generalized depression in the involved eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine whether the relative afferent pupillary defects observed commonly in amblyopic eyes are associated with a uniform depression of the pupillary light reflex throughout the visual field or solely by a focal decrease in pupillary response near fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used pupil perimetry to evaluate the contraction amplitude of the pupil in response to focal light stimuli at 76 points throughout the 30 degrees field in each eye of 28 patients with amblyopia. The "pupil fields" were recorded using a computerized infrared pupillograph linked to a Humphrey Field Analyzer, so that the pupil contraction could be recorded in response to perimetric light stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients had strabismic amblyopia, ten had anisometropia, six had a combination of anisometropia and strabismus, and three had deprivation amblyopia due to monocular congenital cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean pupillary contraction amplitude for the entire field and focal amplitudes at each tested location were compared. Mixed-model analysis of variance was used to assess effects of perimetry location, type of amblyopia, and interaction effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall average of all the pupil contractions throughout the 30 degrees field was less for the amblyopic eye compared with that of the fellow eye. This decrease in focal pupil response for amblyopic eyes was present in each type of amblyopia and was greatest for deprivation amblyopia. The contraction amplitude was depressed diffusely throughout the pupil field and showed neither focal deficits nor a selective depression about fixation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amblyopia produces a global depression of focal pupillary responses across the entire 30 degrees field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8808, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kardon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary / Q000502:physiology; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields