title: Comparisons of shear bond strength of precoated and uncoated brackets.
abstract: In an attempt to save chairside time during bonding, orthodontists are using ceramic and metal brackets that have been precoated with the adhesive material. The adhesive used on the precoated brackets is similar in composition to that used for bonding uncoated brackets; the difference is essentially in the percentages of the various ingredients incorporated in the material. The purpose of this study is to determine whether these changes in composition affect the shear bond strength and the site of bond failure when precoated and uncoated ceramic and metal brackets are used. Eighty-five recently extracted human molars were bonded according to the manufacturer's instructions and mounted in phenolic rings. An occlusogingival load was applied to the bracket, producing a shear force at the bracket-tooth interface with a Zwick Universal Test Machine. After debonding, all teeth and brackets were examined under 10x magnification. Any adhesive remaining after bracket removal was assessed with the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). The current findings indicated that: (1) Precoated ceramic brackets that used a slightly modified adhesive have similar shear bond strengths as that provided by Transbond XT adhesive on uncoated brackets; (2) precoated metal brackets that used the same adhesive have significantly lower shear bond strength than those obtained with Transbond XT on uncoated brackets. The differences in the bond strength between the ceramic and metal brackets were attributed to the combined effects of the changes in the composition of the adhesives used and in the retention mechanisms incorporated in the bracket bases of the different types of brackets; (3) all bracket/adhesive combinations tested provided clinically acceptable shear bond forces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City 52242-1001, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Von Wald
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; D003722:Dental Alloys; D008670:Metals; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate