title: In vivo microdialysis study of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors modulating the glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the rat hippocampus.
abstract: Intrahippocampal perfusion of bicuculline (50 microM) in Mg2+-free medium caused elevation of extracellular cGMP and epileptic-like behaviour. Both effects were partially prevented by blocking NMDA receptors with MK-801 or Mg2+ ions. Similarly, the GABA(B) receptor antagonists CGP52432 (0.1-30 microM) and CGP35348 (0.3-1 mM) evoked increases of extracellular cGMP. CGP52432 also elicited behavioural responses ranging from wet dog shakes to convulsions. MK-801 or Mg2+ ions reduced the effects of CGP52432. Local application of muscimol (100-300 microM) or (-)baclofen (300 microM) caused inhibition of extracellular cGMP. Administration of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist NBQX (100 microM) caused cGMP elevation which was almost abolished by co-perfusion of muscimol and (-)baclofen. In the presence of physiological Mg2+, perfusion of AMPA (30 microM) failed to affect cGMP levels, although rats displayed wet dog shakes episodes. When AMPA was co-perfused with low concentrations of bicuculline or CGP52432, cGMP elevations were observed in 60% of the rats. Addition of both antagonists to AMPA resulted in 85% of rats displaying a cGMP response. To conclude: (a) extracellular hippocampal cGMP is controlled by inhibitory GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors tonically activated through GABAergic interneurons receiving AMPA/kainate-mediated glutamatergic inputs; (b) the GABAergic receptors are not endogenously saturated and can be further stimulated by exogenous agonists; (c) blockade of the GABA-mediated inhibition causes increase of cGMP and epileptic-like behaviour, due largely to endogenous activation of NMDA receptors; (d) reproducible cGMP responses to AMPA can be observed when the inhibitory GABAergic inputs to the NO/guanylyl cyclase system are blocked, confirming the previously proposed existence of AMPA/kainate receptors able to increase the nucleotide synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varnier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raiteri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006152:Cyclic GMP; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline