title: Glutamine protects function and improves preservation of small bowel segments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improved organ preservation is essential for the success of small bowel transplantation. Small bowel is usually preserved in UW (University of Wisconsin) solution which does not contain glutamine (Gln), the principal fuel for the enterocyte. We hypothesized that Gln-supplemented UW would improve mucosal function and structure of cold preserved small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jejunum (40 cm) was harvested from Lewis rats and preserved for 18 hr at 4 degrees C in saline; UW solution only; UW with 1, 2, or 4% Gln; and UW containing 1, 2, or 4% isonitrogenous balanced nonessential amino acids (NEAA). 14C glucose transport, mucosal protein, mucosal maltase and alkaline phosphatase, jejunal villous height, and histologic damage were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UW with 2% Gln significantly increased glucose transport and mucosal protein when compared to the 2% NEAA and UW-only groups. Two percent Gln significantly decreased histologic damage of jejunum following cold preservation. Increasing Gln to 4% did not significantly increase its efficacy when compared to the UW with 2% Gln group. There were no significant differences in the activities of mucosal maltase and alkaline phosphatase among the various treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of Gln, optimally provided at a concentration of 2%, to UW solution may protect the preserved small bowel segments from cold ischemic injury and improve mucosal function.
authors.affiliation: The Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rombeau
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009926:Organ Preservation; D009929:Organ Size; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D005973:Glutamine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D005947:Glucose