title: Fecal hydrogen sulfide production in ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sulfide, a product of sulfate-reducing bacteria, has been proposed to play an etiologic role in ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis feces have increased numbers and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, but only modestly increased sulfide. However, fecal sulfide exists largely in the volatile, highly toxic H2S form that moves rapidly from feces to surrounding gas. Our aim was to quantify the fecal release of H2S and other volatiles (CO2, H2, CH4, methanethiol, and dimethylsulfide).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal samples from 25 subjects with ulcerative colitis and 17 controls were incubated in 4-L containers, and gas release was assessed at intervals over 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H2S release by ulcerative colitis feces was elevated 3-4-fold at every measurement point compared with normal feces (p < 0.003 at 24 h). The only other significant difference was increased CO2 release by ulcerative colitis feces at 1 h. Supplementation of fecal homogenates with sulfur-containing substrates showed that organic compounds (mucin, cysteine, taurocholate) provided more readily utilizable substrate for H2S production than did sulfate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased H2S release is a relatively localized metabolic aberration of ulcerative colitis feces. This increased H2S may reflect abnormalities of the fecal bacteria and/or substrate availability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, 55417, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Furne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Springfield
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Levitt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C005231:methylmercaptan; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006859:Hydrogen; D008697:Methane; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide