title: Tests of vaginal microbicides in the mouse genital herpes model.
abstract: Microbicide candidates were selected that have demonstrated activity against sperm or sexually transmitted disease pathogens in vitro, and the efficacy of these agents for preventing vaginal transmission of genital herpes infection was evaluated in the progestin-treated mouse. Each agent was delivered to the vaginas of mice approximately 20 sec prior to delivering a highly infectious herpes simplex virus-2 inoculum. The following agents provided significant protection: anti-HSV monoclonal antibodies III-174 and HSV8, modified bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-69), carrageenan, concanavalin A, chlorhexidine, dextran sulfate (average molecular weight 8,000 and 500,000), fucoidan, neem, nonoxynol-9, polystyrene sulfonate, and povidone-iodine. Two agents, gramicidin and heparan sulfate, though highly effective in vitro, were not protective in vivo at the doses tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeitlin
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Whaley
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Moench
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011137:Polystyrenes; D003208:Concanavalin A; D017137:Nonoxynol; C003321:polystyrene sulfonic acid; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D002351:Carrageenan; C007789:fucoidan; D002710:Chlorhexidine