title: Alpha 1-antitrypsin and protease complexation is induced by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in monocytes.
abstract: Local regulation of alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) may have importance in maintenance of the protease-antiprotease balance in the microenvironment of inflammatory cells. We therefore studied whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) affect the pericellular concentration of alpha1-AT in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC taken from normal healthy volunteers were treated with LPS, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha, and the concentration of human alpha1-AT in conditioned supernatants was measured. When compared with unstimulated control supernatants (147 +/- 19 ng/ml), LPS (439 +/- 66 ng/ml; p < or = 0.001), IL-1beta (263 +/- 37 ng/ml; p < or = 0.01), and TNFalpha (316 +/- 59 ng/ml; p < or = 0.05) induced a 2- to 3-fold increase of alpha1-AT. Up-regulation of alpha1-AT protein correlated with an increase in alpha1-AT mRNA, suggesting a simultaneous increase in alpha1-AT synthesis. Despite the increase in alpha1-AT concentration, functional antiprotease activity could not be detected. Furthermore, protease activity was present in all samples, with the amount of activity being inversely related to the amount of alpha1-AT measured in supernatants. These findings suggest that local inflammatory conditions up-regulate alpha1-AT production by monocytes which complex with a protease derived from the PBMC population.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knoell
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Coulter
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wewers
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D010450:Endopeptidases