title: Independent interaction of alprazolam and caffeine under chronic dose regimens on differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL 45-s) performance.
abstract: In previous research, we found an independent interaction of alprazolam and caffeine in rats under acute dose regimens using two measures (reinforcement rate and shorter-response rate) of a differential reinforcement of low rate performance (DRL 45-s) in 3-h sessions. Applying the same behavioral endpoints, the present study investigated the alprazolam-caffeine interaction under chronic dose regimens. Both drugs were administered by the oral route. Acute alprazolam and caffeine dose-response curves (DRCs) were characterized and were then used to determine the maintenance dose for the respective chronic dose regimens. Both drugs decreased the reinforcement rate and increased the shorter-response rate in a dose-related fashion. An alprazolam DRC also was determined during chronic-caffeine, chronic-alprazolam, and concurrent chronic-caffeine-alprazolam dose regimens. Complete tolerance to caffeine-induced rate changes was observed on the second day. Incomplete tolerance occurred only at higher alprazolam doses (7-12.5 mg/kg). Cross tolerance was not found between alprazolam and caffeine. Upon discontinuation of both drugs, performance progressively returned to baseline. The four alprazolam DRCs as well as the effect-time profiles demonstrated that caffeine altered neither the magnitudes nor the patterns of alprazolam effects on the two rates under chronic dose regimens. The Pöch DRC method further confirmed the independent interaction of alprazolam and caffeine. Thus, the independence of the interaction held for both the acute and chronic dose regimens despite the development of tolerance in the latter regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Falk
mesh_terms: D000525:Alprazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018757:GABA Modulators; D002110:Caffeine; D000525:Alprazolam