title: Blocks of the foramen rotundum and the oval foramen: a reappraisal of extraoral maxillary and mandibular nerve injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience of regional anaesthesia with blocks of the foramen rotundum and the oval foramen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital, Beograd, Yugoslavia.
  
  
  METHODS
  107 patients who underwent 58 maxillary and 49 mandibular nerve blocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injection of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline 1/80,000 with an 18 G venflon or 20 G spinal needle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality of anaesthesia and morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  49 of the 58 maxillary (84%) and 45 of the 49 mandibular (92%) nerve blocks were successful (no sensitivity to pinprick in the distribution of the injected nerve and a painless operation). There were 17 complications (26%), 8 in the maxillary and 9 in the mandibular group. All complications were minor and transient, and 6 could be attributed to anhydrous glycerol rather than the injection technique itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blocks of the foramen rotundum and the oval foramen achieve good regional anaesthesia in the maxillofacial region.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Beograd, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stajcić
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Todorović
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005990:Glycerol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008442:Maxillary Nerve; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D013100:Sphenoid Bone; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000601:surgery; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D005990:Glycerol; D004837:Epinephrine