title: Customary physical activity and survival in later life: a study in Nottingham, UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of broadly based customary physical activity scores, derived from a questionnaire inventory, in predicting 10 year mortality among elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10 year survival analysis of participants in the first wave of the Nottingham longitudinal study of activity and ageing who, in face to face interviews in 1985, provided detailed information on customary physical activity, health, and lifestyle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban and suburban Nottingham
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1042 people aged 65 years and over randomly sampled from general practitioner records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of factor scores derived from the interview questionnaire, activity levels were graded as "high", "intermediate", or "low". In Cox regression models controlling for age, health status, and cigarette smoking at the time of the activity assessment, these gradings were significantly related to 10 year survival. Relative to the "high" activity groups, the risk of dying was significantly increased in both the "intermediate" (hazard ratio (HR) 1.53; 95% CI 1.12, 2.09) and "low" (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.53, 2.79) groups for women, and in the "low" group (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.12, 2.25) for men (p < 0.01 throughout).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the survival model controlled for age, health status, and cigarette smoking, it is unlikely that the activity gradings used here are simple proxies for physical health. It is concluded, therefore, that within the elderly population, recall based survey assessments covering a wide range of customary or habitual physical activities, can provide indices showing both cross sectional utility and predictive validity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ageing and Rehabilitation Studies, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Community Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate