title: The association between serum sialic acid and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis is not related to antibodies to herpes type viruses or Chlamydia pneumoniae. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total serum sialic acid is a recently investigated marker for cardiovascular mortality and carotid atherosclerosis. This study tested the hypothesis that past infection by Herpes simplex type 1 or type 2 viruses or Cytomegalovirus or Chlamydia pneumoniae accounts for the association between serum total sialic acid and atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based samples of men and women living in four US communities were used in a cross-sectional study. Cases and matched controls were defined by B-mode ultrasound measurements of carotid and popliteal arterial wall thickness. In all, there were 267 case control pairs with information about antibody titres to viruses and 256 pairs with information about antibody titres to Chlamydia pneumoniae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum total sialic acid (S-TSA) level was significantly higher in cases with carotid atherosclerosis compared to their controls. The odds ratio for carotid atherosclerosis associated with sialic acid level above 75th percentile was 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.95) in the sample with information about antibodies to viruses and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.00-2.93) in the sample with information about antibodies to C. pneumoniae. Adjustment for titres of antibodies to viruses and C. pneumoniae had no impact on the relation between sialic acid and carotid atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results, it seems unlikely that previous infection by any of these micro-organisms accounts for the relation between S-TSA level and carotid atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: NEPI Foundation, Medical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Råstam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundblad
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sorlie
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Folsom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid