title: Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of a supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Intraosseous injection pain, subjective heart rate increase, and pain ratings during endodontic treatment were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with irreversible pulpitis received conventional inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Electric pulp testing was used to determine pulpal anesthesia. Patients who were positive to the pulp testing, or negative to pulp testing but felt pain during endodontic treatment, received an intraosseous injection of 1.8 ml of 3% mepivacaine. A second intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine (1.8 ml) was given if the first injection was unsuccessful.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five percent of patients required an initial intraosseous injection because of failure to gain pulpal anesthesia. The inferior alveolar block was 25% successful; the first intraosseous injection increased success to 80%. A second intraosseous injection further increased success to 98%. These differences were significant (p < 0.05). Eight percent (4/48) of the initial intraosseous injections resulted in solution being expressed into the oral cavity: these were considered technique failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis, a supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine increased anesthetic success. A second intraosseous injection, when necessary, further improved success.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reisman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reader
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001641:Bicuspid; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar; D009407:Nerve Block; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000628:therapy*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D008619:Mepivacaine