title: Ultrastructural background of albuminuria in rats with passive Heymann nephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although it is widely known that proteinuria in rats with passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) is prevented by treatment with cobra venom factor (CVF), the precise mechanisms of complement-dependent proteinuria have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphologically whether the size of subepithelial electron-dense deposits (EDDs) contributes to the onset of albuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The size of subepithelial EDDs and anionic sites in the lamina rarae externa (LRE) overlaid with subepithelial EDDs were evaluated by ruthenium red and compared between PHN and PHN treated with CVF in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overt albuminuria was present on days 3 and 4 after injection of anti-Fx1A. CVF-treatment of rats with PHN prevented albuminuria (PHN + CVF: n = 6) (53.6 +/- 38.8 vs 1.02 +/- 0.55 mg/day, P < 0.01, on day 4). Rat C3 was detected along the glomerular capillary walls on day 4 post-injection in rats with PHN, but not in rats with PHN + CVF. Subepithelial EDDs were observed in both groups. Quantitative morphometric analysis revealed that CVF-treatment decreased the size of subepithelial EDDs as well as the extent of retraction of glomerular epithelial cells. In both groups the density of anionic sites in the LRE overlaid with EDDs was decreased compared with the LRE without subepithelial EDDs. However, no difference was noted between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depletion of serum complement decreases subepithelial EDDs as well as the number of sites with decreased anionic charge underlying the EDDs. Thus, the size of subepithelial EDDs plays a pivotal role in the onset of albuminuria.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mera
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hishida
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001665:Binding Sites; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012430:Ruthenium Red; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; C016310:cobra venom factor; D012430:Ruthenium Red