title: Effects of early treatment with immunoglobulin on critical illness polyneuropathy following multiple organ failure and gram-negative sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The evaluation of incidences and relating factors of severe persisting critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) in survivors of multiple organ failure (MOF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study with an entry period of 24 months. Electrophysiological studies for the diagnosis of CIP were performed 1 or 2 days before the patients were discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). Factors which might have been related to the development of CIP were identified by a retrospective chart analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The interdisciplinary ICU of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients who survived MOF. Sixteen of these critically ill patients developed severe sepsis due to nosocomial infections with gram-negative bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In seven survivors of MOF and sepsis typical electrophysiological features of CIP, like spontaneous fibrillations and low compound muscle action potentials, were detectable at the time of discharge from the ICU. Seventeen patients with MOF following multiple trauma who developed no sepsis, and nine survivors of MOF with sepsis showed no signs of persisting CIP at the end of their ICU stay. Chart analysis revealed that eight survivors of MOF with sepsis and without the development of CIP had been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with a dosage of 0.3 g/kg per day for 3 days immediately (within 24 h) after the diagnosis of sepsis. Four out of seven patients with MOF and sepsis who developed CIP were transferred to our ICU after the onset of sepsis and had not received IVIG treatment. The IVIG treatment in three patients was delayed for more than 24 h after the diagnosis of sepsis and was then omitted. Obviously not related to the development of CIP were aminoglycoside antibiotics, steroids, nutritional disturbances and episodes of hypotension or hypoxia. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used during intensive care treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high incidence of severe CIP persisting until the day of discharge from the ICU was related to gram-negative sepsis but not to MOF alone. Retrospective chart analysis suggested that early application of IVIG may prevent or mitigate this severe complication. However, these results have to be confirmed in a prospective, placebo-controlled study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Goettingen, Germany. mmohr@gwdg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Englisch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burchardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zielmann
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004576:Electromyography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous