title: Effectiveness of radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The extent of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of NSCLC is still a matter of controversy. Although some centers perform mediastinal lymph node sampling (LS) with resection of only suspicious lymph nodes, others recommend a radical, systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (LA) to improve survival and to achieve a better staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trial, the effects of LA on recurrence rates and survival were analyzed, comparing LS and LA in 169 patients with operable NSCLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 47 months, LA did not improve survival in the overall group of patients (hazard ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.47-1.24). Although recurrences rates tended to be reduced among patients who underwent LA, these decreases were not statistically significant (hazard ratio: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.54-1.27). However, analysis of subgroups of patients according to histopathologic lymph node staging revealed that LA appears to prolong relapse-free survival (p = 0.037) with a borderline effect on overall survival (p = 0.058) in patients with limited lymph node involvement (pN1 disease or pN2 disease with involvement of only one lymph node level); in patients with pN0 disease, no survival benefit was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy does not influence disease-free or overall survival in patients with NSCLC and without overt lymph node involvement. However, a small subgroup of patients with limited mediastinal lymph node metastases might benefit from a systematic lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Izbicki
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Passlick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pantel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pichlmeier
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hosch
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thetter
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors