title: Mutation screening of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) as a candidate gene for asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA and protein have been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of atopic asthmatics. IFNgamma is secreted by TH1 cells while IL-4 and IL-5 are secreted by TH2 cells and an imbalance in the TH1/TH2 response may be responsible for atopic asthma. The gene for IFNgamma is located on chromosome 12; a region of the genome which has been shown in linkage studies to be associated with asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there are any mutations present in the coding exons and 5' flanking region of the IFNgamma gene in atopic asthmatic subjects compared with controls to explain the lower levels of this cytokine as an inherited, rather than acquired, factor in the asthmatic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The four exons and 5' flanking region of the IFNgamma gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNA of 265 individuals from a Western Australian and a Venezuelan population. The PCR products were examined by single strand conformational polymorphism and heteroduplex analyses to see if there were any changes in the DNA migration patterns which would suggest the presence of a sequence variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four exons and the 5' flanking region of the IFNgamma gene were amplified from 265 individuals from two populations. Single strand conformational polymorphism and heteroduplex analyses did not reveal any mutations in the regions examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene for IFNgamma appears to be highly conserved as no sequence variations were detected in 265 individuals. These results suggest that mutations of the IFNgamma gene are unlikely to be a significant cause of an inherited asthma diathesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rye
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palenque
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hagel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lesouëf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005796:Genes; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes / Q000032:analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA