title: Decreased expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in male germ cells at elevated temperature.
abstract: Physiological scrotal hypothermia is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and fertility in mammals. Cirp is a recently identified cold-inducible RNA-binding protein that is inducible at 32 degrees C in mouse somatic cells in vitro. Cirp is constitutively expressed in the testis of mouse and structurally highly similar to RBM1, a candidate for the human azoospermia factor. To elucidate the role played by Cirp in spermatogenesis, we investigated its expression levels during spermatogenesis and after heat stress. In the mouse testis, cirp mRNA was detected in the germ cells, and the level varied depending on the stage of differentiation. Also, a high level of Cirp protein was detected immunohistochemically in the nucleus of primary spermatocytes. Expression of Cirp was decreased in the GC-2spd(ts) mouse germ cell line when culture temperature was raised from 32 degrees C to 37 degrees C. When mouse testis was exposed to heat stress by experimental cryptorchidism or immersion of the lower abdomen in warm (42 degrees C) water, the expression of Cirp was decreased in the testis within 6 hours after either treatment. In human testis with varicocele analyzed immunohistochemically, germ cells expressed less Cirp protein than those in the testis without varicocele. These results demonstrated that CIRP expression is down-regulated at elevated temperature in male germ cells of mice and humans. Analysis of Cirp expression in the testes will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000378:metabolism; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014646:Varicocele / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C491390:CIRBP protein, human; C106176:Cirbp protein, mouse; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins