title: Hemodynamic and visual function effects of oral nifedipine in patients with normal-tension glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate ocular hemodynamic and visual function changes in patients with normal-tension glaucoma after treatment with a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 21 patients with normal-tension glaucoma, color Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries was carried out after a 4-week washout of prior drug treatment and again after 6 months of treatment with nifedipine (30 mg per day). Visual field sensitivity, spatial contrast sensitivity, and intraocular pressure were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three subjects experienced intolerable side effects from the drug and were removed from the study. In two other patients, visual function was substantially reduced after 4 months of treatment; nifedipine was discontinued. In the remaining 16 subjects, mean intraocular pressure, retrobulbar hemodynamics, visual field mean sensitivity, and contrast sensitivity at 3, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd), respectively, were unchanged after nifedipine treatment. Contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd, however, improved after drug treatment (P = .004). Individuals with the greatest improvements in contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd showed the largest increases in ophthalmic arterial peak systolic velocity (r = .57; P = .02) and end-diastolic velocity (r = .65; P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nifedipine fails to provide uniform visual function or retrobulbar hemodynamic responses in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Those patients who do show improved visual function also show improved indices of retrobulbar perfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009543:Nifedipine