title: Osteitis caused by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination: an emergent problem in Chile?
abstract: METHODS
  Osteitis caused by bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCGOST) vaccination has not been described in Latin American countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence, clinical features and prognosis of patients with BCGOST in one of the most populated areas of Santiago, Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of medical records kept over twenty years (1976-1995).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ten children (four in the last five years), diagnostic criteria of BCGOST were fulfilled. Six were boys, the mean age was 11 months (range 6.5-21), symptoms were present with a mean of 31 days (range 15-60) before diagnosis and the sites of predilection of osteitis were the lower extremity (8/10 cases). Culture was positive in one case, and nine patients had typical histopathological lesions (two with acid-fast bacilli). All had normal chest X-ray. Mantoux testing was performed in four cases (mean 21.5 mm, range 16-28). None of the ten patients had a history of underlying immunodeficiency. In this area BCG coverage was 90.2 +/- 9.7% of all newborn infants, and the annual risk of tuberculosis infection was 24.6/100,000 population per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated an estimated incidence for BCGOST in this area of 3.2/100,000 vaccinated newborns. Based on the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Chile (29.5/100,000), universal BCG vaccination in newborns should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Exequiel González Cortés Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castro-Rodríguez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005529:Foot Bones; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007867:Leg Bones; D008297:Male; D010000:Osteitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine