title: Localization and surgical treatment of pancreatic insulinomas guided by intraoperative ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 20% to 60% of insulinomas cannot be localized preoperatively, and 10% to 20% cannot be found even during surgery. The operative complications associated with the blind surgical explorations are relatively high.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1987 and December 1995, intraoperative ultrasound was used to localize insulinomas and guide surgical procedures in 28 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulinomas were found by intraoperative systematic palpation in 24 patients (85.7%), while intraoperative ultrasound localized the tumors in 27 patients (96.4%). By the combination of these two techniques, all tumors were discovered. The surgical procedures were guided by intraoperative ultrasound. The operative complication rate was 14.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative ultrasound can accurately localize insulinoma, and delineate the spatial relationship between tumor and vital structures, such as pancreatic duct, common bile duct, and critical blood vessels. It can thereby help to increase the successful rate of surgery and avoid unnecessary blind pancreatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan Medical University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huai
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography