title: Assessment of renal dopaminergic system activity during the recovery of renal function in human kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The urinary excretion of free dopamine has been used as an index of the renal synthesis of amine. However, it is now well recognized that in the kidney, newly-formed dopamine is significantly inactivated through deamination to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by monoamine oxidase (MAO). The aim of the present study was to assess the renal dopaminergic system activity during the recovery of renal function in kidney transplant recipients and to assess which parameters are appropriate for the evaluation of renal amine synthesis under these conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of L-DOPA, dopamine and its metabolites (DOPAC; 3-MT; HVA) were continuously monitored in 19 renal transplant recipients from the first day of surgery until the twelfth day post-transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 11 patients (Group 1), renal function consistently recovered throughout the study (plasma creatinine levels decreased from 6.2 +/- 0.4 to 2.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dl). Eight patients presented with acute tubular necrosis (Group 2) and minimal renal function was maintained until the twelfth post-operative day. The urinary excretion of L-DOPA did not differ throughout the study between the two groups of patients. In contrast, the 24-h urinary levels of dopamine, DOPAC and HVA were significantly higher throughout the study in patients of Group 1: dopamine (Group 1, 179 +/- 26 to 422 +/- 51 nmol/24 h; Group 2, 25 +/- 3 to 57 +/- 13 nmol/ 24 h), DOPAC (Group 1, 698 +/- 57 to 3487 +/- 414 nmol/ 24 h; Group 2, 158 +/- 22 to 1014 +/- 193 nmol/24 h) and HVA (Group 1, 13,058 +/- 1199 to 20,387 +/- 1559 nmol/ 24 h; Group 2, 4140 +/- 848 to 15,219 +/- 1037 nmol/24 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recovery of renal function in renal transplant recipients is accompanied by an enhanced ability to synthesize dopamine and inactivate it to DOPAC and HVA. It is suggested that the urinary levels of DOPAC may be a useful parameter for the assessment of dopamine formation in renal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pestana
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldaia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soares-da-Silva
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D004298:Dopamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000502:physiology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007980:Levodopa / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D007980:Levodopa; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; C001746:3-methoxytyramine; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid