title: Cognitive-behavioral therapy of depression and depressive symptoms during adolescence: a review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Outcome studies support the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approaches for treating depression among adults. The effectiveness of these approaches for adolescents, however, has received less empirical attention. This article critically reviews the literature on cognitive-behavioral therapy with depressed and dysphoric adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of these approaches and the stability of therapeutic gains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen posttreatment-control comparisons and 10 follow-up-control comparisons resulted from six studies containing 217 subjects. The overall effect size posttreatment was -1.02, whereas the overall effect size at follow-up was -0.61. The effect sizes in both of these analyses were homogeneous and were supported by Fail-Safe-N calculations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest the short- and long-term effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approaches for treating depressive symptoms with this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DuBois
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000296:Adolescent Psychiatry / Q000592:standards*; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome