title: Performance of N95 respirators: reaerosolization of bacteria and solid particles.
abstract: If a respirator does not contain an exhalation value, and the respirator wearer sneezes or coughs, one may expect previously collected particles to be reaerosolized. This may be of special concern in environments contaminated with airborne microorganisms. The percentages of reaerosolization were measured in a test setup where the number of reaerosolized particles were registered by dynamic aerosol size spectrometry relative to the number of previously collected particles or bacteria. Experiments at low relative humidity have shown that the reaerosolization of particles below 1 micron, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis surrogate bacteria, does not exceed 0.025%, even if the re-entrainment air velocity is as high as 300 cm/sec (i.e., 37 times the air velocity through the respirator during breathing under heavy workload conditions). The reaerosolization of larger particles into dry air was significant at the highest re-entrainment velocity of 300 cm/sec, which simulates violent sneezing or coughing: 0.1% for 3 microns and about 6% for 5-micron test particles. No reaerosolization was detected at relative humidity levels exceeding 35% at these conditions. Thus, it is concluded that the reaerosolization of particles and bacteria, collected on the fibrous filters of N95 respirators, is insignificant at conditions encountered in respirator wear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willeke
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Grinshpun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational