title: The management of ingested foreign bodies in children--a review of 663 cases.
abstract: Over a 3-year period, 663 children aged under 13 years were seen with a history of foreign body (FB) ingestion. Seventy-six per cent of the children were less than 6 years old. Coins and chicken or fish bones were the most common objects ingested. In 27 (4%) children, the FB had been expelled or removed before arrival, and in a further 133 (20%), no FB could be identified. Three patients required emergency airway management. Less than 50% of the children presenting with dysphagia or vomiting had identifiable FBs lodged in the oropharynx or proximal oesophagus, whilst 22% of the children with FBs requiring removal from these sites were asymptomatic. Oesophageal FBs were removed under direct vision (six cases), by rigid oesophagoscopy under general anaesthetic (77 cases), or using a balloon catheter under sedation (26 cases). All 224 FBs detected in the stomach or beyond were allowed to pass naturally, and delayed passage occurred in only one case. Passage of 11 alkaline disc batteries occurred without complication. No patient required surgical removal of an FB.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panieri
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bass
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004064:Digestive System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology