title: A glycoprotein pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes for antibody responses to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Gambian children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of acute respiratory infections and acute bacterial meningitis in children. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines are poorly immunogenic in this highly vulnerable group, but protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are likely to be more effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether immunization of infants with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine induces immunologic memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four Gambian children, who had been vaccinated previously with two or three doses of a pentavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (CRM197) or with a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine were immunized when approximately 2 years old with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and a blood sample was obtained 10 days later. Pneumococcal antibody titers in prevaccination and postvaccination sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by an opsonophagocytic assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On revaccination with a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, children who had previously received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine had higher antibody concentrations to each of the five polysaccharide components of the conjugate vaccine than did control children. For type 6B polysaccharide, which is poorly immunogenic in young children, postvaccination antibody concentrations were 0.37, 27.6 and 50.9 microg/ml in children who had received no previous pneumococcal immunization or two or three doses of conjugate vaccine, respectively. Type 14 antibodies produced after revaccination were of high avidity and had opsonic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccination of young infants with two or three doses of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes the immune system to respond strongly and rapidly on subsequent exposure to pneumococcal polysaccharide.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia. Obars0@chmcc.org
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Obaro
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Banya
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Monteil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C092298:pneumococcal polysaccharide 14 - CRM 197