title: Portal venous system thrombosis: helical CT angiography before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography for depiction of thrombi in the portal venous system in patients under consideration for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contrast material-enhanced helical CT was performed before TIPS creation in 25 patients. Axial, multiplanar, and three-dimensional images were evaluated to determine whether thrombus was present in the portal system and whether TIPS creation was contraindicated. CT findings were confirmed at visceral angiography (n = 3), direct portography (n = 20), or duplex ultrasonography (n = 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten (40%) of 25 patients, including 10 (56%) of 18 patients with refractory variceal hemorrhage, had thrombus in the portal venous system. Helical CT scans depicted thrombus in nine (90%) of 10 patients (95% confidence interval = 0.71, 1.00) and in 16 (94%) of 17 vessels (95% confidence interval = 0.83, 1.00), including the portal vein (eight of eight patients), splenic vein (three of four patients), and superior mesenteric vein (five of five patients). TIPS creation was canceled in four (16%) patients on the basis of CT findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombi in the portal venous system are common in patients with refractory variceal hemorrhage. Helical CT angiography is sensitive and specific for portal venous system thrombosis and can provide information that alters treatment in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kuszyk
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Osterman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venbrux
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007472:Iohexol; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D011172:Portography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol