title: Injury to abdominal wall vessels during laparoscopy in three horses.
abstract: Epigastric vessels were inadvertently injured during placement of instrument portals in 3 horses undergoing laparoscopy for bilateral cryptorchidectomy, bilateral ovariectomy, and removal of electrode wires surgically implanted in the large colon. The resulting hemorrhage increased surgery time, caused hematoma formation or hemoperitoneum, and obscured the surgical field. Hemostasis was achieved by direct pressure or vessel ligation. This complication can be attributed to the high degree of vascularity of the ventral aspect of the abdominal wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6610, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ragle
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Southwood
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D004566:Electrodes / Q000662:veterinary; D019074:Epigastric Arteries / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D006465:Hemoperitoneum / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011312:Pressure; D012086:Reoperation / Q000662:veterinary; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary