title: GM-CSF affects hypothalamic neurotransmitter levels in mice: involvement of interleukin-1.
abstract: We studied the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the brain levels of several neurotransmitters in mice. Administration of GM-CSF (5.0 and 10 microg, i.p.) significantly reduced the hypothalamic levels of glutamine, glutamic acid, GABA and aspartic acid. GM-CSF (5.0 microg, i.p.) also induced a significant reduction of norepinephrine and serotonin levels in the hypothalamus, without affecting dopamine levels. The hippocampal levels of neurotransmitters were not modified by GM-CSF administration. The peripheral administration of a specific interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 50 microg, i.p.) blocked the effects of GM-CSF. These results confirm our previous behavioural data suggesting that GM-CSF is able to exert neuromodulatory actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clavenna
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bondiolotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Panerai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D012701:Serotonin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine