title: Osteogenic sarcoma: noninvasive in vivo assessment of tumor necrosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for detecting tumor necrosis in an animal model of osteogenic sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve rats with osteogenic sarcoma underwent T1-weighted unenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced spin-echo and diffusion-weighted spin-echo MR imaging. Histologic correlation was performed. Signal intensities, T2 relaxation times, normalized apparent diffusion coefficients, and relative signal intensity increases were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On diffusion-weighted images, necrotic tumor showed low signal intensity (mean normalized apparent diffusion coefficient, 0.46 +/- 0.20 [1 standard deviation]), indicating rapid diffusion of water molecules as a result of loss of membrane integrity, while viable tumor showed high signal intensity (mean normalized apparent diffusion coefficient, 0.16 +/- 0.05; P < .0001). Differences in the T2 relaxation times and relative signal intensity increases between viable and necrotic tumor were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normalized apparent diffusion coefficients are more accurate in differentiating between viable and necrotic tumor than are T2 relaxation times or relative signal intensity increases on contrast-enhanced images. Signal intensity overlap between viable and necrotic tumor on gadolinium-enhanced images may be caused by the small molecular size of the agent, which permeates the interstitial space freely, thereby also enhancing necrosis. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging depicts differences in diffusion and, ultimately, in membrane integrity between viable and necrotic tumor and may be used to monitor tumor viability during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University Hospital, CA 94305-5105, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wendland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gindele
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosenau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gooding
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Genant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006614:Hindlimb; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009336:Necrosis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA