title: No association between novelty seeking and the type 4 dopamine receptor gene (DRD4) in two New Zealand samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1986 and 1987, Cloninger postulated the existence of the heritable behavioral trait of novelty seeking and its putative underpinnings in the dopaminergic systems of the ventral midbrain. Two widely reported studies found significant associations between novelty seeking and the type 4 dopamine receptor gene (DRD4), although a more recent study did not. The authors' objective was to investigate this association in two New Zealand samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied two nonoverlapping samples: subjects in a depression treatment trial (N = 86) and subjects from 14 pedigrees dense with alcoholism (N = 181). DRD4 genotyping was based on a standard protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novelty seeking and DRD4 were not statistically associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these samples, there was no suggestion that the DRD4 polymorphism contributed to individual differences in the behavioral trait of novelty seeking.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University/Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, USA. sullivan@psycho.psi.vcu.edu
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fifield
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sellman
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D000483:Alleles; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000502:physiology*; D009520:New Zealand; D010551:Personality / Q000235:genetics; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4