title: Transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB regulates the inducible expression of the human B1 receptor gene in inflammation.
abstract: Expression of the bradykinin B1 receptor gene is up-regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to a variety of inflammatory stimuli. We isolated the 5'-flanking region of the human bradykinin B1 receptor gene and examined its promoter activity by transient transfection analysis. This region (-2582 to +34) showed promoter activity inducible by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in VSMCs. Further deletion analysis revealed that constructs containing 111 base pairs of 5'-flanking sequence were sufficient for transcriptional induction. Mutagenesis of a nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-like site at -64 to -55 abolished most of the LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta inducibility, whereas a mutation of a cyclic AMP response element at -50 to -43 markedly reduced the basal promoter activity, and a mutation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) site at -78 to -72 had minimal effects. Nuclear extracts from LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta-treated VSMCs, IL-1beta-treated human hepatoma HepG2, and human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells showed strong inducible binding activity to the NF-kappaB-like site by gel shift assays. These results demonstrated that NF-kappaB-like nuclear factor was involved in the inducible expression of the human bradykinin B1 receptor gene during inflammatory processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha