title: Conditioned taste aversion produced by cyclosporine A: concomitant reduction in lymphoid organ weight and splenocyte proliferation.
abstract: The classical conditioning of immune parameters is commonly conducted within a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. In this study, the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) was investigated for its ability to produce both taste aversion to a novel stimulus and conditioned alterations in immune functioning. The paradigm comprised the pairing of a 0.2% saccharin solution (the conditioned stimulus; CS) with an intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg CsA (the unconditioned stimulus; UCS). Upon saccharin re-presentation, a marked reduction in fluid consumption was observed, indicating aversion to the novel substance (=CTA). By using a single CsA/saccharin pairing the CTA lasted for one CS representation. However, by implementing three pairings, this effect could be extended for up to seven representations. No noticeable difference was recorded by adjusting the saccharin representation from every consecutive day to every second day. The most effective paradigm in creating CTA was subsequently investigated for its effectiveness in producing conditioned immune alterations. Animals were killed on the day of the third CS re-presentation, and immune functions assessed. Conditioned animals displayed a significant reduction in thymus and spleen weights. Effects on the spleen were further investigated, revealing a significantly reduced proliferative ability of isolated splenocytes to concanavalin A. These results demonstrate that the physiological effects produced by CsA are sufficiently salient to elicit CTA. Furthermore, the reduction in lymphoid organ weight and splenocyte proliferation induced by CsA are also conditionable using this paradigm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Germany. exton@vm.mhrz.mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Exton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Von Hörsten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vöge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schult
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schedlowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000633:toxicity*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D012439:Saccharin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D012439:Saccharin