title: Assessment of trabecular structure using high resolution CT images and texture analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to use high resolution (HR) CT images combined with texture analysis to investigate the trabecular structure of human vertebral specimens and to compare these techniques with bone mineral density (BMD) in the prediction of bone strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  HR CT images with a slice thickness of 1 mm were obtained of 28 bone cubes. Four different groups of texture analysis techniques were used to assess these images. In addition, quantitative CT (QCT) was performed and elastic modulus (EM) was determined biomechanically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  R2 between EM and BMD was 0.78 (p < 0.01). R2 values for EM versus most of the texture measures were also significant. Texture measures in addition to measures of BMD in a multivariate regression model significantly increased R2 up to 0.87.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an experimental setting, texture parameters calculated using HR CT images correlated significantly with EM. Combining texture measures with BMD improved the prediction of EM significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augat
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Newitt
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Genant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D002102:Cadaver; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013499:Surface Properties; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed