title: Azygos vein agenesis and PAPVR: a potential surgical hazard.
abstract: A 15-year-old boy underwent surgical correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (right upper and middle lobe veins) into the high superior vena cava with an intact atrial septum using entirely autologous tissue. The rare association of azygos vein agenesis and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return should be emphasized to prevent the inadvertent inclusion of the anomalous systemic vein (hemiazygos vein) into the pulmonary venous circuit during the surgical repair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children and The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. michael.black@mailhub.sickkids.on.ca
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freedom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery