title: Vitamin E prophylaxis to reduce retinopathy of prematurity: a reappraisal of published trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a meta-analysis of the published randomized clinical trials of vitamin E prophylaxis designed to reduce retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to determine whether increased serum concentrations of vitamin E reduced the incidence of severe, threshold (Stage 3+) ROP in the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant subset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the six trials considered eligible for analyses, the incidence for all stages of ROP and for Stage 3+ ROP was computed for all randomly assigned infants (intention-to-treat analysis) and for those infants completing the trials. Odds ratios (ORs) and pooled estimates for event rate reductions (and the respective 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for these outcome end points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 704 VLBW infants in the vitamin E prophylaxis groups and 714 in control groups; 536 (76.1%) infants in the vitamin E and 551 (77.2%) in the control groups completed the trials. In all trials the mean serum vitamin E concentrations were within or above the physiologic range in the vitamin-treated groups and at or below the physiologic ranges in the control groups. The overall incidence of any stage ROP was similar between the groups: 39.8% in the vitamin E group and 43.5% in the control group. The overall incidence for Stage 3+ ROP was lower in the vitamin E-treated groups than in the control group (2.4% in vitamin E vs 5.3% in control). The pooled OR for developing Stage 3+ ROP with vitamin E prophylaxis was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.21, 0.81, p < 0.02). The reciprocal of the pooled estimate of mean risk reduction (2.8%, 95% CI: 0.55%, 5.1%) for Stage 3+ ROP revealed that on average, vitamin E prophylaxis given to 35 VLBW infants would prevent one case of threshold, Stage 3+ ROP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that there was a 52% reduction in the incidence of Stage 3+ ROP, we suggest that the role of vitamin E in reducing severe ROP be re-evaluated. We could not assess the adverse effect rates from vitamin E therapy in the trials analyzed; therefore, we recommend a well-controlled and focused trial in which the issues of benefit, adverse effects, and cost can be assessed with vitamin E prophylaxis in extremely low birth weight (< 1000 gm) infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langenberg
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhutani
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018401:Sample Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E