title: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation augments cerebral blood flow in the patient with cerebral vasospasm: a xenon-enhanced computed tomography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously established the ability of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) to improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) significantly in a canine model of cerebral vasospasm. This study was performed to assess the efficacy of IABC in a patient with cardiac dysfunction and severe cerebral vasospasm that was refractory to traditional treatment measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report our experience with the clinical use of IABC to treat cerebral vasospasm in a patient who suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage and concomitant myocardial infarction. Hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilution therapy was ineffective, and IABC was instituted. Xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) was utilized to obtain serial measurements of CBF with and without IABC over a 4-day period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IABC dramatically improved cardiac function in this patient, and Xe-CT demonstrated significant improvement in CBF with IABC. The average global CBF was 20.5 +/- 4.4 ml/100g/min before versus 34.7 +/- 3.8 ml/100g/min after IABC (p < 0.0001, paired student's t-test). The lower the CBF before IABC, the greater the improvement with IABC (correlation coefficient r = 0.83, p = 0.0007). CBF improvement ranged from 33% to 161% above baseline, average 69.3%. No complications of IABC were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report demonstrating the ability of IABC to improve CBF in a patient with vasospasm. We suggest that IABC is a rational treatment option in select patients with refractory cerebral vasospasm who do not respond to traditional treatment measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sebring
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Madison
mesh_terms: D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000009:adverse effects; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014978:Xenon
chemical_list: D014978:Xenon