title: Facilitation and inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in the rat after a momentary increase in background noise level.
abstract: Small increments in background noise were shown to increase the amplitude of a subsequently elicited acoustic startle reflex (ASR) in rats by as much as 100% under optimal conditions. Increment lead time (5-160 ms) and level (1.5-15 dB), initial noise level (30-70 dB), startle level (95-125 dB), number of test days (1-5), and drug condition (diazepam or saline ip) were varied in 6 experiments. Prepulse facilitation (PPF), measured by difference scores, was greatest for intermediate increments (3 dB) and lead times (20-40 ms) and was replaced by prepulse inhibition (PPI) for higher values, especially in the later test days. Diazepam reduced baseline ASR and diminished PPI, but it did not affect PPF. These data argue against hypotheses that attribute PPF of this sort to either temporal integration within the ASR pathways or to the elicitation of a nonspecific arousal reaction by the prepulse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA. ison@bcs.rochester.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ison
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Schwarzkopf
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009622:Noise; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D003975:Diazepam