title: Alteration in methyl-methanesulfonate-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by 2-butoxyethanol in Syrian hamster embryo cells.
abstract: The effects of 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) on poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were studied in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells by measuring the cellular concentrations of the polymer poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) and of NAD+, the substrate of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). As biotransformation pathways of ethylene glycol ethers involve NAD+-dehydrogenases, it was hypothesized that 2-BE could reduce poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by consuming NAD+. As a result DNA repair could be altered, which would explain that 2-BE had been shown to potentiate the effects of clastogenic substances such as methyl-methanesulfonate (MMS). In this study, the effects of 2-BE on MMS-induced pADPr metabolism were analyzed. The results indicated that: (i) 2-BE (5 mM) by itself did not influence significantly pADPr or NAD+ levels. (ii) 2-BE inhibited pADPr synthesis in MMS (0.2 mM)-pretreated cells, without any change in NAD+ concentrations. (iii) MMS treatment, which rapidly increased pADPr levels, also affected the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation system as a secondary effect by damaging cell structures. Membrane permeabilization, which occurred at concentrations >1 mM MMS, led to a dramatic leakage of cellular NAD+ resulting in a strong reduction in pADPr levels. (iv) A bleomycin pulse (100 microM) applied after MMS and/or 2-BE treatment confirmed that 2-BE reduced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation capacities of MMS-treated cells, though the glycol ether had no effect alone. This study confirmed that the inhibition of pADPr synthesis could be responsible for the synergistic effects of 2-BE with genotoxic substances. The mechanism of this inhibition cannot be explained by a lack of NAD+ at the concentrations of 2-BE tested.
authors.affiliation: Centre des Sciences de l'Environnement, Metz, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoflack
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasseur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D009243:NAD; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; C017096:n-butoxyethanol