title: The role of intraoperative ultrasonography during laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) in intraoperative decision making has grown rapidly in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its usefulness during laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1995, laparoscopic ultrasonography has been used to evaluate the adrenal gland and surrounding organs in selective laparoscopic adrenalectomies. IOUS was performed in 19 of 114 laparoscopic adrenalectomies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOUS effected a change in management in 68% of these patients. IOUS displayed the location of the gland after a failed attempt at open resection; the adrenal vein, expediting control in four operations; no extraadrenal involvement by two large lesions (benign); vascular invasion in one tumor (carcinoma), prompting open resection; periadrenal invasion by one metastatic cancer and lymph node involvement in another; a 7 mm hyperaldosteronoma; no adenoma in two cases; bilateral hyperplasia; and a 14 cm cyst originating from the adrenal gland. IOUS facilitated partial adrenalectomy in two patients and revealed centrally located adenomas in two others requiring total adrenalectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic IOUS during adrenal operation is valuable in selected cases. It is helpful to locate the gland and vein, confirm the presence or absence of abnormality, discern the resectability of large masses, and facilitate a partial adrenalectomy when desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Heniford
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Iannitti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gagner
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography