title: Identification of a retinoic acid response domain involved in the activation of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor gene by retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells.
abstract: The density of beta 1-adrenergic receptors (beta 1-AR) is up-regulated upon differentiation of embryonic F9 teratocarcinoma cells by retinoic acid (RA) to the primitive endodermal phenotype. To identify the domains involved in RA-mediated activation of beta 1-AR gene transcription, three kb of 5'-flanking sequence of the beta 1-AR gene were ligated to a luciferase reporter gene and transiently transfected into F9 cells that were pre-exposed to 100 nM RA for 2 days. By generating deletions in the beta 1-AR promoter, a region between -125 and -100 was found to mediate a 3-fold induction in cells exposed to RA for an additional 2 days. Through site-directed mutagenesis of this region, it was determined that the RA responsive element (RARE) was organized as a direct repeat separated by 5 nucleotides in which the 5'-most AGGTCG half-site was between nucleotides -106 and -101 and the 3'-most AGGTCA half-site was between nucleotides -117 and -112. The RA receptor alpha (RAR alpha) isoform bound to the oligomer representing the sequences between -125 and -100 as a heterodimer complex with the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha). In a separate study, it was determined that the nucleotides between -125 and -100 are involved in thyroid hormone-mediated activation of the beta 1-AR gene in ventricular myocytes. Therefore, transcriptional activation of the beta 1-AR gene by thyroid hormone or RA involves a single binding site in the promoter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bahouth
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D018243:Teratocarcinoma; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D008156:Luciferases