title: Systemic delivery of insulin via an enhancer-free ocular device.
abstract: Sodium insulin and zinc insulin ocular devices are developed for the systemic delivery of insulin. The devices consist of Gelfoam (absorbable gelatin sponge, USP) as an insulin carrier and do not contain any surfactant or absorption enhancer. Sodium insulin was dissolved in either distilled water, 30% ethanol, or 10% acetic acid for either eyedrop or device preparations. Because of its low solubility in water and aqueous ethanol solution, zinc insulin was dissolved in 10% acetic acid-water solution for eye devices preparation. Commercially available Humulin R was selected as another source of zinc insulin and was used as an eyedrop as well as one device preparation. Only 10% acetic acid solution-treated insulin devices produce significant blood glucose reduction. The dose of insulin used in this study is < 50% of that used in the reported insulin devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simamora
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yalkowsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005123:Eye; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions