title: Gasless laparoscopic varicocele ligation: experience with new instrumentation and technique for retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal approaches.
abstract: Laparoscopic access to the retroperitoneum without abdominal insufflation has recently been made possible by devices designed to create a dilated laparoscopic cavity maintained by a fixed retraction system. This technique was applied in 10 patients undergoing laparoscopic ligation of the internal spermatic vein via extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal approaches. Gasless laparoscopic varicocelectomy was completed in 7 of 8 men by the extraperitoneal route and in neither of the 2 men approached intraperitoneally. The mean operative time was 170+/-55 min and postoperative pain exceeded the norm for standard insufflative laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Whereas certain theoretical advantages are offered by the gasless extraperitoneal approach to varicocele ligation, exposure through the gasless technique is currently suboptimal. Further development of "retraction" technology is required, prior to its routine application for varicocele ligation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abdel-Meguid
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gomella
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D013997:Time Factors; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*