title: Dose variation at bone/titanium interfaces using titanium hollow screw osseointegrating reconstruction plates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate dose variations at bone/titanium interfaces in an experimental model designed to simulate postoperative radiotherapy in patients with mandibular reconstructions using a titanium hollow-screw osseointegrating reconstruction plate (THORP) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model consisted of a 25 x 25 x 10 mm3 block of fresh bovine femoral diaphysis, to the surface of which a segment of THORP system reconstruction plate was fixed by means of a solid titanium screw 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. Using specially designed thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) 2 mm in diameter and 0.13 mm in thickness, dose measurements were carried out at four distances from the screw axis (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 1 mm). 60Co and 6-MV photon beams were used at incidences both perpendicular and parallel ("axial") to the screw axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 6-MV X-ray beams incident perpendicular to the screw axis, the maximum dose enhancement (due to backscatter) and the maximum dose reduction (due to attenuation) at the bone/titanium interface were 5% (+/- 2%) and 6% (+/- 2%), respectively. The corresponding values for 60Co beams were 6% (+/- 5%) and 10% (+/- 5%). For the axial incidences, a maximum dose enhancement of 5-7% was noted for both 6-MV X-rays and 60Co for beams incident on the surface containing the THORP plate segment, whereas beams incident on the opposite surface induced only a very small dose enhancement (2-3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a new experimental model, TLD measurements showed only marginally significant dose variations at bone/titanium interfaces around THORP screws, all measured values being very close to the uncertainty limits (+/- 5%) associated with the method. For both 60Co and 6-MV beams, dose variations appeared smaller for axial than for perpendicular incidences. Because photon beams used in head and neck cancer treatment are most often directed parallel to the screw axes, these results suggest that failures of prosthetic osseointegration are unlikely to be explained by an overdosage at the bone/titanium interface.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Allal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouzaud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dulguerov
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kurtz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002417:Cattle; D008334:Mandible; D016348:Osseointegration; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium