title: Chordin regulates primitive streak development and the stability of induced neural cells, but is not sufficient for neural induction in the chick embryo.
abstract: We have investigated the role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) and a BMP antagonist, chordin, in primitive streak formation and neural induction in amniote embryos. We show that both BMP-4 and chordin are expressed before primitive streak formation, and that BMP-4 expression is downregulated as the streak starts to form. When BMP-4 is misexpressed in the posterior area pellucida, primitive streak formation is inhibited. Misexpression of BMP-4 also arrests further development of Hensen's node and axial structures. In contrast, misexpression of chordin in the anterior area pellucida generates an ectopic primitive streak that expresses mesoderm and organizer markers. We also provide evidence that chordin is not sufficient to induce neural tissue in the chick. Misexpression of chordin in regions outside the future neural plate does not induce the early neural markers L5, Sox-3 or Sox-2. Furthermore, neither BMP-4 nor BMP-7 interfere with neural induction when misexpressed in the presumptive neural plate before or after primitive streak formation. However, chordin can stabilise the expression of early neural markers in cells that have already received neural inducing signals. These results suggest that the regulation of BMP signalling by chordin plays a role in primitive streak formation and that chordin is not sufficient to induce neural tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Streit
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jessell
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019556:COS Cells / Q000637:transplantation; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000502:physiology*; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C054234:chordin