title: Emergency ambulance assistance in The Netherlands: is the Dutch situation optimal?
abstract: The system of prehospital trauma care in the Netherlands is the subject of great concern. Although many improvements have been achieved in the last decade, there are still some deficits. Legislation concerning the minimal level of education for ambulance attendants was recently upgraded to 'registered nurse', a standard which must be achieved by 1997. Standardization with regard to extrication techniques, equipment and methods of treatment in prehospital trauma care does not yet exist. Although aware of the fact that large regional differences exist throughout the USA, a system of care in accordance with the advanced trauma life support (ATLS) standard of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and by means of prehospital and advanced trauma life support (PHTLS) given according to the standards of the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMS) was considered to be the 'golden standard'. Nineteen ground ambulance and two helicopter services in different states of the USA, working according to ACS/NAEMS standard, were visited to analyse the system of care, with special reference to (para)medical education, communication, logistics, and immobilization materials and techniques. In the Netherlands all 41 central post ambulance services (CPAs) were asked to return a questionnaire. This resulted in a 90% (37 out of 41) response. The deficits of the Dutch system of care related to the PHTLS/ATLS standard are pointed out, resulting in recommendations to improve the Dutch system. The requirements of the dispatcher are far inferior to the optimal situation, which, together with the lack of technical equipment, results in serious communication problems. The Dutch ambulance attendant education, in which in the present system the education level reaches 'registered nurse' in only 91% and specialized courses are not mandatory, should be upgraded to the PHTLS level of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: van Vugt
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: van Olden
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000552:Ambulances / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D009426:Netherlands; D009934:Organization and Administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce