title: The daily gluten intake in relatives of patients with coeliac disease compared with that of the general Dutch population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that the amount of gluten intake in populations offers an explanation for differences in the epidemiology of coeliac disease. Investigations into first-degree relatives of coeliac disease patients have often shown that relatives exhibit intermediate features of coeliac disease, possibly due to a low gluten intake.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of gluten consumption in the general Dutch population for different age and sex groups and for different product groups, and to investigate the daily gluten intake of first-degree relatives of coeliac disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires concerning the gluten intake of 55 first-degree relatives of coeliac disease patients were analysed. To determine the gluten intake of the general Dutch population, the results of a mass investigation were used. The amount of gluten in the gluten-rich products was estimated by multiplying the amount of vegetable proteins by 0.8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median daily gluten intake of the relatives was 12.9 g (range: 3.8-31.3). The mean daily gluten intake of the study population in the Netherlands was 1 3.1 g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gluten intake of first-degree relatives of coeliac disease patients was the same as that of the general population. Thus, a low gluten intake apparently does not explain the aspecific presentation and prevalence of coeliac disease in first-degree relatives of coeliac disease patients.
authors.affiliation: Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: van Overbeek
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Uil-Dieterman
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Köhler-Brands
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005983:Glutens; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens