title: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) regulates the unfolding of autoimmune diabetes.
abstract: Evidence has been accumulating that shows that insulin-dependent diabetes is subject to immunoregulation. To determine whether cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is involved, we injected anti-CTLA-4 mAb into a TCR transgenic model of diabetes at different stages of disease. When injected into young mice, months before they would normally become diabetic, anti-CTLA-4 induced diabetes rapidly and essentially universally; this was not the result of a global activation of T lymphocytes, but did reflect a much more aggressive T cell infiltrate in the pancreatic islets. These effects were only observed if anti-CTLA-4 was injected during a narrow time window, before the initiation of insulitis. Thus, engagement of CTLA-4 at the time when potentially diabetogenic T cells are first activated is a pivotal event; if engagement is permitted, invasion of the islets occurs, but remains quite innocuous for months, if not, insulitis is much more aggressive, and diabetes quickly ensues.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Communanté Urbain de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lühder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benoist
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathis
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept