title: Local radiant heating increases subcutaneous oxygen tension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated a novel bandage that incorporates a thermostatically controlled radiant heater. We first determined optimal bandage temperature, based on increases in subcutaneous oxygen tension, a measure correlating well with resistance to infection and wound strength. We then tested the hypothesis that prolonged radiant heating would increase collagen deposition in experimental thigh wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental bandages were positioned on the anterior thigh of 8 volunteers, and heated for 2 hours at 38 degrees C, 42 degrees C, or 46 degrees C, in a random order. Subcutaneous oxygen tension under the bandage was recorded from an electrode positioned within a subcutaneous tonometer. We studied 10 volunteers in the second protocol. For 1 week, the experimental bandage was continuously applied to one thigh, and heated to 38 degrees C using a 2-hour on/off cycle. On the alternate week, a standard gauze bandage was applied to the contralateral thigh. Treatment order was randomly assigned. Wound collagen deposition under each bandage was evaluated with subcutaneous polytetrafluoroethylene tubes, which were removed and assayed for hydroxyproline on the eighth day. Data are presented as means +/- SDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin temperature during heating ranged from 36 degrees C to 37.5 degrees C. Oxygen tension increased approximately 50% during heating, but the increase was comparable at the three tested temperatures. Even after heating was discontinued, subcutaneous oxygen tension remained elevated for the remaining 3 study hours. Collagen deposition after 1 week of active heating was 3.4 +/- 1.0 microg/ cm. After 1 week of control treatment, collagen deposition was 3.2 +/- 1.1 microg/cm (P = not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that radiant heating at 38 degrees C significantly increases subcutaneous oxygen tension, and presumably resistance to infection. However, prolonged heating at this temperature does not increase wound collagen deposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0648, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tayefeh
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Sessler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Plattner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petschnigg
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001458:Bandages; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D013848:Thigh; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D006909:Hydroxyproline; D010100:Oxygen