title: Pharmacokinetic modeling and absorbed dose estimation for chimeric anti-CEA antibody in humans.
abstract: The objective of this article was to model pharmacokinetic data from clinical diagnostic studies involving the 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) chimeric T84.66, against carcinoembryonic antigen. Model-derived results based on the 111In-MAb blood, urine and digital imaging data were used to predict 90Y-MAb absorbed radiation doses and to guide treatment planning for future therapy trials. Fifteen patients with at least one carcinoembryonic antigen-positive lesion were evaluated. We report the kinetic parameter estimates and absorbed 111In-MAb dose and projected 90Y-MAb doses for each patient as well as describe our approach and rationale for modeling an extensive set of pharmacokinetic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ADAPT II software package was used to create three- and five-compartment models of uptake against time in the patient population. The "best-fit" model was identified using ordinary least squares. Areas under the curve were calculated using the modeled curves and input into MIRDOSE3 to estimate absorbed radiation doses for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A five-compartment model best described the liver, whole body, blood and urine data for a subcohort of nine patients with digital imaging data. A three-compartment model best described the blood and urine data for all 15 clinical patients accrued in the clinical trial. For the subcohort, the largest projected 90Y-MAb doses were delivered to the liver (mean, 24.78 rad/mCi; range, 15.02-37.07 rad/mCi), with red marrow estimates on the order of 3.32 rad/mCi (range, 1.24-5.55) of 90Y. Corresponding estimates for the 111In-MAb were 3.18 (range, 2.09-4.43) and 0.55 (range, 0.34-0.74), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three- and five-compartment models presented here were successfully used to represent the blood, urine and imaging data. This was evidenced by the small standard errors for the kinetic parameter estimates and R2 values close to 1. As planned future therapeutic trials will involve stem cell support to alleviate hematological toxicities, the development of an approach for estimating doses to other major organs is crucial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Odom-Maryon
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopatin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Raubitschek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D016719:Radioimmunodetection; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes