title: Adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 attenuates hepatic leukocyte adhesion after hemorrhagic hypotension.
abstract: Adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium hallmarks a key event in neutrophil-mediated organ injury after ischemia-reperfusion. The autacoid adenosine has been shown to inhibit activated neutrophil function and to interfere with leukocyte-endothelial adherence. Its therapeutic use in ischemia-reperfusion, however, has been limited by severe cardiovascular side effects. We therefore investigated the effects of the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 in vivo on hepatic leukocyte-endothelial interactions in a rat model of hemorrhagic hypotension and resuscitation, using intravital microscopy. Rats were pretreated with either GP515 (0.25 mg/kg) or saline in a randomized and blinded manner and subjected to pressure-controlled hemorrhagic hypotension at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg for 60 min followed by 5 h of resuscitation. Five hours after resuscitation in saline-treated animals, firm leukocyte-sinusoidal adhesion was strongly enhanced in the periportal and midzonal sublobular regions, and sinusoidal diameters were also markedly reduced. Compared with saline treatment, GP515 significantly attenuated shock and resuscitation-induced leukocyte adhesion in both sublobular regions. Moreover, although GP515 did not significantly affect macrohemodynamical and hematological parameters, it enlarged narrowed sinusoidal diameters and tended to improve sinusoidal blood flow. We propose that the adenosine-regulating agent GP515 has a therapeutic potential to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammation by capitalizing on the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous adenosine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: van den Wildenberg
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Firestein
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marzi
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Buurman
mesh_terms: D000248:Adenosine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007022:Hypotension / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012263:Ribonucleosides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C087698:GP 1-515; D000248:Adenosine Kinase; D010100:Oxygen