title: Prediction of neuromotor outcome in perinatal asphyxia: evaluation of MR scoring systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a scoring system for the assessment of perinatal asphyxia as depicted on MR images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four scoring systems were derived to evaluate MR images obtained in asphyxiated neonates: the basal ganglia (BG) score, the watershed (W) score, the combined basal ganglia/watershed (BG/W) score, and the sum of the BG and W scores, the summation (S) score. In addition, three MR sequences, T1-weighted, first-echo T2-weighted, and second-echo T2-weighted, were assessed for each patient for each scoring system. Neuromotor examinations were performed at ages 3 and 12 months, and cognitive development was tested at age 12 months. Statistical analysis was then performed to test the relationship between the MR scores and the outcome scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BG/W score, obtained with the first-echo T2-weighted sequence, was the most useful overall score for predicting neuromotor outcome at 3 and 12 months and cognitive outcome at 12 months. T1-weighted and first-echo T2-weighted sequences showed a stronger association with outcome in patients imaged during the first postnatal week, whereas second-echo T2-weighted sequences showed a stronger association with outcome in patients imaged during the second postnatal week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that, with the use of the BG/W score, MR imaging discriminates accurately between patients with good and poor neuromotor and cognitive outcome at 3 and 12 months. In terms of our scoring systems, the first-echo T2-weighted sequence appears to discriminate best between patients with good and poor 3- and 12-month outcomes. Proper use of the imaging sequences and scoring systems described in this article can increase the knowledge base upon which treatment decisions are made in asphyxiated neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barkovich
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hajnal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ferriero
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001479:Basal Ganglia; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills