title: Association between an early humoral response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and later development of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between an early humoral response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and the later development of tuberculosis (TB) disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an ELISA test, IgG antibodies against 4 M. tuberculosis antigens--purified protein derivative (PPD); 2,3 diacyl trehalose (DAT); a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and a trehalose dicarboxylic acid bis N,N-dioctadecylamide (BDA.TDA)--were measured in sera from 25 HIV-infected tuberculous patients and 52 HIV-infected persons without TB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the DAT and LOS antigens, a positive result in sera obtained in the 12 months preceding the onset of TB was significantly associated with later development of TB. Using the BDA.TDA antigen, the same association was observed in sera collected during the 6 months before the diagnosis of TB. No significant association was found with the PPD antigen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that specific antibody markers may be useful to evaluate the risk of active TB in HIV-infected individuals, and a helpful indicator for preventive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fundação FIOCRUZ, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kritski
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laszlo
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Werneck-Barroso
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000032:analysis*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D014373:Tuberculin