title: Menopausal hormone use and endometrial cancer, by tumor grade and invasion.
abstract: We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study to investigate whether combined hormone replacement therapy influences the incidence of high-grade and -stage endometrial cancer. Subjects were women with epithelial endometrial cancer (N = 730) diagnosed during 1985-1991 and controls identified through random digit dialing (N = 1,002). Relative to hormone nonusers, women who took unopposed estrogens (mostly conjugated estrogens) for 3 or more years had a fivefold increase in the risk of tumors with myometrial invasion; the corresponding relative risk associated with combined therapy (estrogen and cyclic or continuous progestogen) for 3 or more years was only 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 0.8-2.2). We found a similar pattern of association for high-grade tumors.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Voigt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D045167:Progesterone Congeners