title: Epileptic seizures after a first stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the immediate and long term risk of epileptic seizures after a first ever stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study following up stroke survivors for 2 to 6.5 years; comparison with age specific incidence rates of epileptic seizures in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community based stroke register.
  
  
  METHODS
  675 patients with a first stroke, followed up for a minimum of 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occurrence of single and recurrent seizures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  52 patients had one or more post stroke seizures; in 25 the seizures were recurrent. The 5 year actuarial risk of a post stroke seizure in survivors (excluding 19 patients with a history of epilepsy and 3 patients in whom the seizure occurred shortly before death from another cause) was 11.5% (95% confidence interval 4.8% to 18.2%). The relative risk of seizures, in comparison with the general population, was estimated at 35.2 in the first year after stroke and 19.0 in year 2. The risk of seizures was increased in survivors of subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage (hazard ratio for intracranial haemorrhage v cerebral infarction 10.2 (3.7 to 27.9)). The risk of seizures after ischaemic stroke was substantial only in patients presenting with severe strokes due to total anterior circulation infarction. Only 9 of 295 patients (3%) independent one month after stroke suffered a seizure between 1 month and 5 years (actuarial risk 4.2% (0.1% to 8.3%)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke patients have about an 11.5% risk of single or recurrent seizures in the first 5 years after a stroke. Patients with more severe strokes or haemorrhagic strokes are at higher risk.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital. rehab@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bamford
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandercock
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warlow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors