title: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in respiratory physicians performing bronchoscopy: a comparison with gastroenterologists using the carbon 13 urea breath test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori is unclear, but it has been shown that gastroenterologists are at a greater risk of acquiring the infection when performing endoscopy. The current study was designed to assess the risk H. pylori infection in respiratory physicians performing bronchoscopy compared to an at-risk group of gastroenterologists. We were interested in identifying whether the oral cavity is important in the transmission of H. pylori.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory physicians and gastroenterologists in southern England and Wales were invited to participate in the study. Medical, personal, and professional details were recorded, and H. pylori status was established using a carbon 13 urea breath test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 30 gastroenterologists and 30 respiratory physicians. The groups were similar for age (mean age, 46.2 years [SD 8.7] and 43.9 years [SD 8.5], respectively), number of years in practice (mean, 16.1 [6.8] and 13.2 [5.5], respectively), amount of Third-World travel, and glove and drug use (antacids, H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, promotility agents, and bismuth). The prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms (indigestion, heartburn, abdominal pain) and history of previous peptic ulcer or hiatus hernia were similar for both groups. Fifteen of thirty gastroenterologists and three of thirty respiratory physicians had positive breath tests (chi square, p < .001, 1 df). There was no relation between age and H. pylori status. Within the group of gastroenterologists, performance of endoscopy without gloves for longer than 7 years was associated with an increased prevalence of infection (> 7 years, 11 of 15 breath-test-positive; < 7 years, 4 of 15 breath-test-positive [chi square, p = .01, 1 df]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroenterologists in this study appeared to be at risk of infection, whereas respiratory physicians are not. Gastroenterologists who wear gloves during endoscopy appear to be at lower risk of H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mountford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010820:Physicians; D015995:Prevalence; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D014508:Urea