Short-term metabolic and haemodynamic effects of GR79236 in normal and fructose-fed rats.
The adenosine (A1) receptor agonist, GR79236 (N-[(1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl]adenosine), inhibits catecholamine-induced lipolysis in vitro, but the short-term metabolic and haemodynamic effects have not been previously reported in the fructose fed model of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. This study reports the effects of GR79236 (1 mg/kg/day for 8 days) on nonesterified free fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism, oral and i.v. glucose tolerance, blood pressure and heart rate, and insulin sensitivity, in normal rats and rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. In normal rats, GR79236 significantly reduced fasting glucose (25%), free fatty acid (50%) and triglyceride (55%) concentrations, and improved glucose tolerance (AUC[glu] 21.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 16.5 +/- 1.1 mmol h/l, p < 0.05). Fructose feeding induced a state of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, as shown by an increase in steady-state plasma glucose levels (7.1 vs. 6.1 mmol/l), impaired i.v. glucose tolerance and a 3-fold rise in fasting triglyceride levels; fructose-fed rats also developed a significant increase in blood pressure. GR79236 ameliorated the effects of fructose feeding on fatty acid and triglyceride levels, and blood pressure, and improved i.v. glucose tolerance in fructose-fed rats. The hypotriglyceridaemic effect was due to a reduction in triglyceride secretion rate (17.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 30.2 +/- 1.1). Thus, in normal rats and in a dietary-induced rodent model of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, GR79236 has lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering activity, as well as haemodynamic effects, which are potentially useful for treating both the metabolic and haemodynamic features of insulin resistance and NIDDM in humans.
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Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Australia.
Cooney
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Donnelly
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D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D000241:Adenosine; C082299:N-((1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine