title: Effects of the water content of soda lime on compound A concentration in the anesthesia circuit in sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sevoflurane anesthesia is usually performed with fresh gas flow rates greater than 2 l/min due to the toxicity of compound A in rats and limited clinical experience with sevoflurane in low-flow systems. However, to reduce costs, it would be useful to identify ways to reduce compound A concentrations in low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia. This goal of this study was to determine if compound A concentrations can be reduced by using soda lime with water added.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia (fresh gas flow of 1 l/min) was performed in 37 patients using soda lime with water added (perhydrated soda lime) or standard soda lime as the carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbent. The soda lime was not changed between patients, but rather was used until CO2 rebreathing occurred. The perhydrated soda lime was prepared by spraying 100 ml distilled water onto 1 kg fresh soda lime, and water was added only when a new bag of soda lime was placed into the canister. Compound A concentrations in the circle system, soda lime temperatures, inspired and end-tidal CO2 and end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, and CO2 elimination by the patient were measured during anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compound A concentrations were significantly lower for the perhydrated soda lime (1.9 +/- 1.8 ppm; means +/- SD) than for the standard soda lime (13.9 +/- 8.2 ppm). No differences were seen between the two types of soda lime with regard to the temperature of the soda lime, end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, or CO2 elimination. Compound A concentration decreased with the total time of soda lime use for both types of soda lime. The CO2 absorption capacity was significantly less for perhydrated soda lime than for standard soda lime.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compound A concentrations in the circuit can be reduced by using soda lime with water added. The CO2 absorption capacity of the soda lime is reduced by adding water to it, but this should not be clinically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan. hirobito@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000764:Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000378:metabolism*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004987:Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004987:Ethers; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C078742:fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether