title: Risk factors for winter outbreak of acute diarrhoea in France: case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the potential role of consumption of shellfish (particularly raw oysters) and tap water in the winter epidemic of acute diarrhoea in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based, case-control study during the 1995-6 winter epidemic of acute diarrhoea in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national network comprising 1% of general practitioners in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  568 pairs of cases and controls consulting in general practice and interviewed by 209 doctors from 26 December 1995 to 31 January 1996. Cases and controls were matched for age, doctor, and time of consultation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted relative risk of diarrhoea estimated from conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of acute diarrhoea was not increased in people who had recently eaten raw oysters (odds ratio 1.1; 95% confidence interval 0.9% to 1.4%) or other shellfish such as clams, cockles, and mussels, or in those people who usually consumed tap water rather than bottled water (0.8; 0.6% to 1.1%). The risk was, however, increased in people who had had recent contact wit ha person with diarrhoea either within the household (adjusted odds ratio 5.0) or in the workplace (3.1), and in people who lived with a child < or = 2 years of age (1.6). Recent treatment with either oral penicillin or cephalosporin was also independently associated with acute diarrhoea in winter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The winter epidemic of acute diarrhoea in France is probably not caused by consumption of either shellfish or tap water. A viral aetiology, however, is suggested by the speed with which the acute diarrhoea is transmitted.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 444, Institut fédératif Saint-Antoine de Recherches sur la Santé, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Letrilliart
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Desenclos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flahault
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012758:Shellfish; D014881:Water Supply