The role of preoperative pulmonary function tests in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion.
METHODS
A retrospective review of the case records and radiographs of 133 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation between 1986 and 1992.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence of abnormal results on preoperative pulmonary function tests and their correlation to immediate postoperative pulmonary impairment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had posterior spinal fusion.


BACKGROUND
It has been stated that preoperative pulmonary function tests are essential to assess surgical risk in a patient with scoliosis because of the possibility of further compromising the pulmonary function. Authors of previous studies have reported on the increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing anterior spinal surgery.


METHODS
The case records and radiographs of 133 patients with either a thoracic or a double-major curve, who underwent posterior spinal fusion, were reviewed. The presence of any preoperative or postoperative cardiopulmonary symptoms and increased requirement of postoperative ventilatory support were noted. Results of preoperative pulmonary function tests were classified as normal, restrictive, or obstructive disease. Postoperative chest radiographs were examined to note the presence of atelectasis, infiltrates, pneumothorax, hemothorax, or pneumonia.


RESULTS
The majority of patients (72.9%) had normal results on pulmonary function tests. The mean coronal Cobb angle of the thoracic curve was 48 degrees, and the mean angle of kyphosis was 26 degrees. None of the patients had any increased requirement of postoperative ventilatory support. The overall incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 2.3%.


CONCLUSIONS
Performance of a thoracoplasty was the only risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion. There was no correlation between deterioration of preoperative pulmonary function and the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. It appears that performance of preoperative pulmonary function tests in patients with moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-scheduled for posterior spinal fusion is not necessary.
Vedantam
R
R
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Crawford
A H
AH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011859:Radiography; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion