title: Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis is uncertain. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of H. pylori infection among cirrhotic patients and to explore its relationship to demography, etiology of cirrhosis, and liver function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three cirrhotic patients were included. H. pylori infection was determined by the 14C urea breath test (n = 30) and endoscopy with antral biopsy (n = 4). Etiology of cirrhosis was classified as alcoholic or nonalcoholic. The rate of H. pylori infection was related to age, gender, etiology, Child-Pugh grading, portal hypertension, and portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). None of the patients received antibiotics for at least the last 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve alcoholic and 21 nonalcoholic cirrhotics, with a median age of 57 years and a male:female ratio of 1:1.4 were studied. Overall H. pylori prevalence was 45.5%. This prevalence varied from 47.1% to 43.8% in those younger and older than the median age, and from 35.7% to 52.6% in men and women, respectively. Fifty percent of alcoholic and 42.9% of nonalcoholic cirrhotics were H. pylori-positive. According to Child-Pugh grading, 69% of grade A, 40% of grade B, and 0% of grade C were infected (p = .03). Among patients with PSE, 25% were H. pylori-positive compared to 52% of those without PSE (p = .24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of H. pylori infection in cirrhotics is 45.5%. Prevalence was unrelated to age, gender, and etiology of cirrhosis. An inverse relation to the Child-Pugh grading and a tendency to a lower prevalence in PSE was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición-Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., México, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schmulson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De León
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kershenovich
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas-Vorackova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kershenobich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence