title: Comparison between single-dose and divided-dose administration of dactinomycin and doxorubicin for patients with Wilms' tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS)-4 was designed to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and cost of administration of different regimens for the treatment of Wilms' tumor (WT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 6, 1986 and September 1, 1994, 1,687 previously untreated children less than 16 years of age with stages I to II/favorable histology (FH) or stage I/anaplastic histology WT (low-risk [LR] group) or stages III to IV/FH WT or stages I to IV/clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (high-risk [HR] group) were randomized to treatment that included vincristine and either divided-dose (standard [STD]) courses (5 days) or single-dose (pulse-intensive [PI]) treatment with dactinomycin. HR patients also received either STD courses (3 days) or PI treatment with doxorubicin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates for LR patients were 91.3% for 544 randomized to treatment with PI and 91.4% for 556 randomized to treatment with STD chemotherapy (P = .988). The 2-year RFS rates for HR patients were 87.3% for 299 randomized to treatment with PI and 90.0% for 288 randomized to treatment with STD chemotherapy (P = .865).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that patients treated with PI combination chemotherapy for LR or HR WT or clear cell sarcoma of the kidney have equivalent 2-year RFS to those treated with STD regimens. PI drug administration is recommended as the new standard based on demonstrated efficacy, greater administered dose-intensity, less severe hematologic toxicity, and the requirement for fewer physician and hospital encounters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14623, USA. green@SC3101.med.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Breslow
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Beckwith
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Finklestein
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shochat
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ritchey
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kelalis
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: D'Angio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000209:etiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D009392:Nephrectomy; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin