title: Incremental cost of department-wide implementation of a picture archiving and communication system and computed radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incremental cash flows associated with department-wide implementation of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and computed radiography (CR) at a large academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors determined all capital and operational costs associated with PACS implementation during an 8-year time horizon. Economic effects were identified, adjusted for time value, and used to calculate net present values (NPVs) for each section of the department of radiology and for the department as a whole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chest-bone section used the most resources. Changes in cost assumptions for the chest-bone section had a dominant effect on the department-wide NPV. The base-case NPV (i.e., that determined by using the initial assumptions) was negative, indicating that additional net costs are incurred by the radiology department from PACS implementation. PACS and CR provide cost savings only when a 12-year hardware life span is assumed, when CR equipment is removed from the analysis, or when digitized long-term archives are compressed at a rate of 10:1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Full PACS-CR implementation would not provide cost savings for a large, subspecialized department. However, institutions that are committed to CR implementation (for whom CR implementation would represent a sunk cost) or institutions that are able to archive images by using image compression will experience cost savings from PACS.
authors.affiliation: Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Langlotz
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Feingold
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kundel
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000191:economics; D017046:Cost Savings; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000191:economics*