title: Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes.
abstract: To characterize the adhesion cascade that directs lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs), we investigated the molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte interactions with the microvasculature of subiliac lymph nodes. We found that endogenous white blood cells and adoptively transferred lymph node lymphocytes (LNCs) tethered and rolled in postcapillary high endothelial venules (HEVs) and to a lesser extent in collecting venules. Similarly, firm arrest occurred nearly exclusively in the paracortical HEVs. Endogenous polymorphonuclear (PMNs) and mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) attached and rolled in HEVs at similar frequencies, but only MNLs arrested suggesting that the events downstream of primary rolling interactions critically determine the specificity of lymphocyte recruitment. Antibody inhibition studies revealed that L-selectin was responsible for attachment and rolling of LNCs, and that LFA-1 was essential for sticking. LFA-1-dependent arrest was also abolished by pertussis toxin, implicating a requirement for G alpha i--protein-linked signaling. alpha 4 integrins, which play a critical role in lymphocyte homing to Peyer's Patches, made no significant contribution to attachment, rolling, or sticking in resting PLNs. Velocity analysis of interacting LNCs revealed no detectable contribution by LFA-1 to rolling. Taken together, our results suggest that lymphocyte- HEV interactions within PLNs are almost exclusively initiated by L-selectin followed by a G protein-coupled lymphocyte-specific activation event and activation-induced engagement of LFA-1. These events constitute a unique adhesion cascade that dictates the specificity of lymphocyte homing to PLNs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Warnock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: von Andrian
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D014699:Venules / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins