title: Circulating cytokines in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Immune factors may be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease. Since immune activation precedes immune-mediated processes, we measured plasma levels of four selective cytokines: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The level of IL-6, but not other cytokines, was significantly elevated. The increase of circulating IL-6 indicates immune activation presumably related to pathophysiology of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor 48108, USA. singhvk@umich.edu
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guthikonda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma