title: Spinal, epidural or propofol anaesthesia for out-patient knee arthroscopy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have compared three different methods of anaesthesia for out-patient knee arthroscopy in terms of perioperative conditions, postoperative pain, time taken and economy.
  
  
  METHODS
  91 ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were included. After premedication with diazepam 10 mg and naproxene 500 mg orally, they were randomly assigned into one of three groups: Group S (n=32) received spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine 50 mg/ml 1.5-2 ml in 7.5% glucose through a 27-G Quincke needle, Group E (n=29) received epidural anaesthesia with mepivacaine 20 mg/ml and epinephrine 5 microg/ml, 15-20 ml, and Group P (n=30) received propofol anaesthesia with a bolus induction of 2 mg/kg followed by infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time from start of anaesthesia until start of operation was significantly less in Group P than in the two other Groups: 7.4+/-5.4 min as compared to 23.0+/-4.8 min in Group S and 31.0+/-9.1 min in Group E (mean+/-SD, P<0.05). After end of surgery, the duration of the postoperative regional block was 75+/-28 min in Group S and 125+/-79 min in Group E (P<0.05). In Group S and Group E the postoperative pain was significantly less than in Group P at admission to the recovery unit and 60, 120 and 180 min later (P<0.05). The overall incidence of post-operative nausea or vomiting was less than 5% with no differences between the groups. One patient in Group E had block failure and one patient in Group S had a post-spinal headache. The perioperative costs of drugs and disposables were highest in Group P (30 USD) and lowest in Group S (6.5 USD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol anaesthesia results in the shortest stay in the operation theatre but a higher degree of postoperative pain and a higher cost of drugs and disposables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Baerum Hospital, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gierløff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Omland
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Raeder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol