title: Depressor action of insulin on skeletal muscle vasculature: a novel mechanism for postprandial hypotension in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the role of insulin in postprandial blood pressure regulation in the elderly.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Insulin is both a positive inotropic and chronotropic hormone that also vasodilates skeletal muscle vasculature. Insulin may thus mediate aspects of postprandial cardiovascular homeostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy elderly subjects were studied in the fasting state on three separate days. After baseline supine hemodynamic and neurohumoral measurements were taken (cardiac output and superior mesenteric artery blood flow were measured using Doppler ultrasound, and calf blood flow was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography), subjects ate on one occasion a 2.5-MJ high carbohydrate meal and on the other two occasions, an isoenergetic high fat meal. One high fat meal was accompanied by an insulin infusion reproducing the plasma insulin profile seen after a high carbohydrate meal while maintaining the glycemic profile seen after a high fat meal alone. After meal ingestion, measurements were repeated every 20 min for 2 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the three meals, there were similar increments in cardiac output and heart rate. After the high carbohydrate meal and high fat meal with insulin, mean arterial blood pressure fell by between 8 to 10 mm Hg, but did not change after the high fat meal. After the high carbohydrate meal and the high fat meal with insulin, calf vascular resistance did not change, whereas after the high fat meal, it increased by 15.5 +/- 4.4 U (mean +/- SEM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin contributes to the failure of calf vasoconstriction seen after a high carbohydrate meal. By this vasodepressor action, insulin is at least in part responsible for the fall in blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Macdonald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin