title: Effectiveness of computer-generated reminders for increasing discussions about advance directives and completion of advance directive forms. A randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physicians can increase the rate of completion of advance directive forms by discussing directives with their patients, but the means by which physicians can be induced to initiate these discussions are unclear. Computer-generated reminders have been shown to increase physician compliance with practice guidelines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of computer-generated reminders to physicians on the frequency of advance directive discussions between patients and their primary caregivers and the frequency of consequent establishment of advance directives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design.
  
  
  METHODS
  An outpatient general medicine practice associated with an urban public hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1) 1009 patients who were at least 75 years of age or were at least 50 years of age with serious underlying disease and 2) 147 primary care physicians (108 housestaff and 39 faculty).
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-generated reminders that recommended discussion of one or both of two types of advance directives compared with no reminders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discussions about advance directives, determined by patient interviews after all scheduled patient-physician outpatient encounters, and completed advance directive forms. The study period was approximately 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physicians who did not receive reminders (controls) discussed advance directives with 4% of the study patients compared with 24% for physicians who received both types of reminders (adjusted odds ratio, 7.7 [95% CI, 3.4 to 18]; P < 0.001). Physicians who did not receive reminders completed advance directive forms with only 4% of their study patients compared with 15% for physicians who received both types of reminders (adjusted odds ratio, 7.0 [CI, 2.9 to 17]; P < 0.001). Overall, 45% of patients with whom advance directives were discussed completed at least one type of advance directive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple computer-generated reminders aimed at primary caregivers can increase the rates of discussion of advance directives and completion of advance directive forms among elderly outpatients with serious illnesses.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gramelspacher
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waisburd
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning; D016223:Advance Directives; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003142:Communication; D003199:Computer Systems; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits; D010819:Physician's Role; D010821:Physicians, Family; D017010:Reminder Systems