title: Single-shot MR cholangiopancreatography of neonates, infants, and young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with a half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequence as a noninvasive imaging technique to evaluate biliary or pancreatic disease in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined 45 children (mean age, 3 years) with MRCP using HASTE on a 1.5-T MR imaging unit. MRCP images were obtained in 1.4 sec without breath-hold. A body phased array coil and fat saturation technique were used for data collection. On the basis of the surgical (n = 19) and ERCP (n = 7) findings, clinical data, and follow-up observation, 21 children were deemed to have no significant abnormality. The other 24 children were found to have pancreaticobiliary disease, including congenital biliary atresia in five neonates, choledochal cyst in six infants, and anomalous connections between the bile and pancreatic ducts in four infants and nine young children. In children without abnormality, the MRCP images were graded for the depiction of normal structures. The findings obtained by MRCP were correlated with the surgical or ERCP results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HASTE MRCP showed the first branch of the intrahepatic duct, the common hepatic duct, the gallbladder, and the common bile duct in most children. In the 21 children with no abnormalities, the main pancreatic duct was visible in two of six neonates, in four of five infants, and in all 10 young children. The diagnostic accuracy of MRCP was 100% in patients with choledochal cysts, 100% in those with congenital biliary atresia, and 69% in those with anomalous connections between the bile and pancreatic ducts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRCP using HASTE with a phased array coil is a noninvasive technique for revealing the pancreaticobiliary tract in young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchigame
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sera
mesh_terms: D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D015529:Choledochal Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity