title: Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from impetigo and furuncle: role of fibrinogen and fibrin.
abstract: The formation of membranous structure (thickness from the plastic tissue-culture coverslip (hematoxylin-eosin) > 1 mm; periodic acid-Schiff-positive) was more prominent with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains isolated from impetigo (coagulase types I.V origin) than with S. aureus strains isolated from furuncle (coagulase type IV origin) (P < 0.05) in the plastic tissue-culture coverslip in human plasma after 72 h. Attachment of S. aureus cells to a plastic tissue-culture coverslip was more marked in 0-3% fibrinogen/tryptic soy broth (TSB) than in plasma (P < 0.05). The formation of the membranous structure was observed on the plastic tissue-culture coverslip with 0.3% fibrinogen/human serum but not with 0.3% fibrinogen + 5% glucose/TSB. Electron microscopy revealed abundant fibrin around S. aureus cells at 4 h and Ruthenium red-positive materials increased at 24 and 72 h in plasma. Staphylococcus aureus cell attachment to the plastic tissue-culture coverslip in plasma decreased by addition of levofloxacin (LVFX) at 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and clarithromycin (CAM) at 1/4 MIC. Polysaccharide production of S. aureus cells on the plastic tissue-culture coverslip in plasma decreased with the addition of CAM at 1/4 MIC. Fibrinogen is closely related to initiation of infection but biofilm formation requires the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Thus, attachment of S. aureus cells to the plastic tissue-culture coverslip, conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by coagulase-prothrombin complex, and production of abundant glycocalyx by S. aureus cells are at least required for the production of biofilm in staphylococcal skin infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arata
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003030:Coagulase / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000502:physiology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000502:physiology*; D005667:Furunculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007169:Impetigo / Q000276:immunology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003030:Coagulase; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014364:Tryptophan; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D017291:Clarithromycin