title: Intravenous fentanyl PCA during labour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) fentanyl for labour analgesia, its effectiveness for maternal pain and safety for the fetus and newborn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty primigravidas were randomised to receive intravenous PCA fentanyl or epidural analgesia for labour pain. Maternal pain, heart rate and arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were monitored. Fetal and neonatal monitoring included cardiotocogram (CTG), APGAR, neurological scoring and static-charge-sensitive bed (SCSB) recording for 12 hr postnatally with ECG and SpO2. Fentanyl concentrations and pH of umbilical artery and vein were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, epidural analgesia was more effective (P = 0.01), and three patients in the fentanyl group were given epidural due to unsatisfactory pain relief. Overall satisfaction for analgesia did not differ between the groups. Maternal side-effects were more frequent in the fentanyl group (dizziness and tiredness most often, P = 0.0001). Severe side-effects were not reported. In CTG there were no differences between groups. All the newborns were healthy, APGAR and pH were normal. Naloxone was not used. Neurological scoring was similar in both groups. In 12 hr monitoring heart rate, breathing frequency and movement time were similar in both groups, but SpO2 was lower in the fentanyl group (P < 0.001). Umbilical cord fentanyl concentrations were low or beyond the detection limit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous fentanyl can be used for labour analgesia with the doses reported here as an alternative to epidural analgesia. However, the fetus and neonate must be appropriately monitored. Naloxone and oxygen should be available if neonatal distress occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nikkola
authors.forename: U U
authors.initials: UU
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Kero
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Alihanka
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010092:Oximetry; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D005283:Fentanyl