title: Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhi from two outbreaks: few ribotypes and IS200 types harbor Inc HI1 plasmids.
abstract: To investigate factors that could be involved in the emergence of antibiotic resistant S. typhi, we characterized R plasmids and antibiotic resistant S. typhi strains from two outbreaks of typhoid in Peru and Chile. Differences in the Inc HI1 plasmids of Peruvian and Chilean strains were identified by conjugation and incompatibility studies and plasmid DNA characterization. Antibiotic-resistant S. typhi harboring Inc HI1 plasmids belonged to a reduced number of Pst1 and Cla1 ribotypes and IS200 types, in contrast to the high genetic diversity found among epidemic antibiotic-susceptible S. typhi. The low diversity of antibiotic-resistant S. typhi suggests that they may express properties that are related to both their ability to harbor Inc HI1 R plasmids and to disseminate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fica
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Beros
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aron-Hott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: D'Ottone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chumpitaz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabello
mesh_terms: D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014438:Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial