title: AIDS-related MR hyperintensity of the basal ganglia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to describe the MR imaging appearance and clinical pathologic correlates of bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records and laboratory data were reviewed retrospectively in nine cases of bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensity on long-repetition-time MR images. Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system were excluded by clinical and laboratory data. Postmortem neuropathologic examination was obtained in two cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented acutely with new seizures or changes in mental status. A history of drug abuse was elicited in seven of the nine remaining patients. Renal failure was present in six cases. Symmetric bilateral caudate and putamen hyperintensity on T2-weighted images was found in all cases with variable extension to the surrounding white matter, thalamus, and brain stem. Postmortem neuropathologic examination in two cases revealed numerous microinfarcts in a distribution similar to the MR signal abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MR appearance of basal ganglia hyperintensity in this series of AIDS patients represents ischemic tissue injury. We propose that this clinicopathologic entity is precipitated by the combined effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection and drug use, particularly cocaine and/or associated toxic contaminants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa 15213, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Oyler
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology*; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine