title: Organ preservation in the management of bladder and prostate cancer.
abstract: Optimal management of bladder cancer is still controversial. With radiotherapy organ preservation is achieved in 30% of patients in the absence of unfavorable factors. Better results are achieved with accelerated fractionation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or concomitant radiochemotherapy. In particular, with the latter, the rate of complete response (70%) is 30% higher as compared to radiotherapy alone or transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder and chemotherapy. In the treatment of intracapsular prostate cancer, radiotherapy is a valid alternative to prostatectomy with comparable results in terms of disease-free survival. In case of extraprostatic disease, results are clearly less satisfactory because of lower local control and blood-borne metastases. Conformal radiotherapy and neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonotherapy are being studied to improve results.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Oncologia Radioterapica, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vitale
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014022:Tissue Survival; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery