title: Grading of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma by computed DNA content and p53 expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transitional cell carcinomas of upper urinary tract (uttTCC) constitute 5% to 6% of all urothelial tumors. Ureteropyeloscopy has become the standard for clinical evaluation of uutTCC. Moreover, endoscopic treatments have been advocated as a conservative approach for low grade tumors or patients with intermediate grade tumors whose renal function is compromised. Therefore, grading has become the most predictive variable in defining therapeutic approach. In addition to morphologic evaluation, a series of biologic markers may be used to increase the accuracy of grading such as DNA analysis and p53 protein expression. In this study, we have evaluated these markers by means of cell image analysis with the SAMBA 400 system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen cases of uttTCC were studied with cytologic smear, cell block, and histologic confirmation. DNA analysis was performed on cytologic smear. Immunostaining was performed on cell blocks. A grade was assigned on the basis of DNA evaluation and p53 expression quantitation. These grades were combined for each case and compared with the initial cytologic grading and the final histologic grading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytology alone diagnosed TCC in all but 1 case that was diagnosed atypical. Discrepancies were found in primary grading: cytologic grading concurred with histologic grading in 6 of the 13 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, although in a limited but selected number of cases, show the potential of computerized evaluation of biologic markers as parameters for a more objective grading of tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology/Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107-5244, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minimo
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Tawfiek
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bagley
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bibbo
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53