title: Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentrations for airway occlusion in cats: a new concept of minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration-airway occlusion response.
abstract: Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) is defined as an end-tidal concentration of inhaled anesthetic required to prevent purposeful movement (positive motor response) in 50% of subjects to somatic noxious stimuli. Although MAC for visceral noxious stimuli has not been well investigated, airway occlusion can be a noxious respiratory stimulus that can induce a visceral sensation of choking. In this study, MAC for airway occlusion (MAC-AOR) was determined during halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane anesthesia and compared with the MAC values for somatic noxious stimuli such as toe pinch (MAC-pinch) or tetanic stimulus (MAC-tetanus) in cats. Thirty-four adult cats were used. In 24 cats, the motor responses to three different stimuli (toe pinch, tetanic stimulus, and airway occlusion for 6 min) were observed during inhaled anesthesia and rated as positive or negative. The concentration of an inhaled anesthetic was changed in steps of 0.1%-0.2 vol% until the bracketing procedure (i.e., the highest concentration of inhaled anesthetic permitting a positive motor response and the lowest concentration preventing the response were determined) was completed. In 10 cats, the effect of anesthetic duration on MAC-AOR was also investigated. Each mean MAC (MAC-pinch, MAC-AOR, and MAC-tetanus, respectively) was as follows: halothane 0.99, 1.13, and 1.46; isoflurane 1.50, 1.65, and 2.22; and sevoflurane 3.07, 3.38, and 3.95. The first and last MAC-AOR values determined during 6-h halothane anesthesia were 1.10 and 1.11, respectively. In conclusion, airway occlusion can be a noxious stimulus and can induce an all-or-none type of motor response, depending on the depth of inhalational anesthesia in cats. This phenomenon can permit the introduction a new concept of MAC-AOR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Airway occlusion can be a noxious visceral stimulus and induce all-or-none type of motor response in cats, depending on the depth of inhalational anesthesia. This permits the introduction of a new concept of minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration airway occlusion response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics