title: Long-term pancreas allograft outcome in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: a comparison of enteric and bladder drainage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal pancreatic exocrine drainage method remains controversial. Bladder drainage (BD) is widely used, but associated with a high incidence of urological complications (acidosis, dehydration, pancreatitis, and urinary tract infection). Enteric drainage (ED) avoids this morbidity, but may be associated with inferior graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study comparing BD and ED in 71 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients (37 BD; 34 ED) transplanted between February 1988 and June 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five BD and five ED patients experienced early pancreas loss within 3 months after transplantation. The mean follow-up of the remaining 61 patients has been 45.7+/-3.9 and 76.0+/-3.3 months for ED and BD patients, respectively (P<0.005). Both groups had similar pretransplant demographics, co-morbidity, and nutritional and immunological status. The incidence of volume depletion (3.4% vs. 34.3%), acidosis (0% vs. 41.0%), pancreatitis (3.4% vs. 39.7%) and urinary tract infection (26.7% vs. 71%) was lower in ED patients (P<0.005 vs. BD). Of the BD group, 18.7% required conversion to ED for intractable complications. Initial length of stay was equivalent (17.7+/-9 days vs. 18.4+/-10 days) between groups. However, the number of admissions (0.79+/-0.18 vs. 1.38+/-0.14) and in-hospital days/patient/year (6.26+/-1.16 vs. 11.46+/-2.12) was less in ED patients (P<0.05 vs. BD). Actuarial patient and pancreas allograft survival up to 4 years after transplant was similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with BD, (a) perioperative morbidity is not increased by ED, (b) ED is associated with fewer complications and hospitalizations, and (c) ED is not associated with increased long-term pancreas graft failure. These data suggest that ED is superior to BD and should be considered as the preferred technique for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Badosa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors