title: Mucosal changes of the free jejunal graft in response to radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microvascular free jejunal transfer was employed for reconstruction of pharyngeal defect resulting from circumferential resection of the hypopharynx. Postoperative radiotherapy to the neck might affect the graft, but this information was lacking. The mucosal changes of the jejunum in response to radiation were identified in this prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal jejunal mucosa was obtained at operation, and endoscopic jejunal mucosal biopsies were taken during and at completion of radiotherapy. Endoscopic biopsies were repeated at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months afterwards. All jejunal biopsies were subjected to histologic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations. Nine patients had a complete set of biopsy while 5 other patients who received no radiotherapy also went through a similar sequence of biopsies as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination showed mucosal edema and extensive blunting of jejunal villi at the completion of radiotherapy. Increased fibrosis with focal loss of glands was noticed at 3 months after radiotherapy, and this remained throughout the 2-year period. SEM revealed patchy loss of microvilli at completion and at 1 month after radiotherapy, but this feature was not apparent in biopsies taken at 3 months onwards, showing that it was only a transient event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient responses and persistent changes of jejunal mucosa to radiotherapy were identified and characterized. The presence of these mucosal lesions was not associated with any clinically significant adverse effect in the graft up to 2 years postradiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, China.
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008871:Microvilli / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008875:Middle Aged; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013997:Time Factors