title: LEF-1/TCF proteins mediate wnt-inducible transcription from the Xenopus nodal-related 3 promoter.
abstract: The Xenopus nodal-related 3 gene (Xnr3) is expressed in the Spemann organizer of the embryo and encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta family that mediates some activities of the organizer. Xnr3 is transcriptionally activated by wnt signaling during gastrulation in the Xenopus embryo. Here we show that a small region of the Xnr3 promoter is sufficient to confer wnt-inducible transcription. By mutational analysis of the promoter, we have identified two distinct sequence elements required for the response to wnt signals. One regulatory sequence interacts with a factor which accumulates in Xenopus gastrulae independent of wnt signaling. The other functionally important site can bind mammalian LEF-1 protein, a member of the LEF-1/TCF family of transcription factors. In addition, misexpression of LEF-1 in embryo explants induces transcription of the endogenous Xnr3 gene. Taken together, these data provide further evidence for a role of LEF-1/TCF proteins in wnt signaling and identify the Spemann organizer-specific gene Xnr3 as a direct target of these transcription factors in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKendry
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grosschedl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000502:physiology*; D005775:Gastrula / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C094620:nodal3.1 protein, Xenopus