title: Increased prevalence of HIV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with severe bacterial diseases in Guinea-Bissau.
abstract: We studied the association between HIV-2 infection and bacterial pneumonia, sepsis or pyomyositis, as well as the influence of HIV-2 infection on the clinical outcome in patients with these bacterial infections. A total of 201 consecutive hospitalized patients were included at the Simao Mendes National Hospital in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Age- and sex-matched controls were selected from an ongoing census in a semi-urban area of Bissau. Among 201 cases with such bacterial infection the prevalence of HIV-1 was 5.4%, HIV-2, 27.9%, and both HIV-1 and HIV-2 reactivity 6.4%. Among controls, the corresponding prevalence rates were significantly lower, 1.5%, 9.0% and 1.0%, respectively. A total of 140, 31 and 30 cases of pneumonia, sepsis and pyomyositis were included, and the differences in prevalence of HIV-2 compared with the controls also remained significant for each diagnosis separately. Lymphocyte subsets were determined in 93 consecutive patients, and the CD4 cell counts and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratios were markedly suppressed in the HIV-2-seropositive group. Due to excess mortality in the seropositive groups with sepsis (75.0%) and pyomyositis (25.0%), the mortality during hospitalization was significantly higher among HIV-2 infected compared to HIV-negative patients. Among cases of pneumonia the mortality was low in the HIV-2-seropositive (2.9%) as well as in the HIV-seronegative (3.4%) group.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norrgren
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biberfeld
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nauclér
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006169:Guinea-Bissau / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015498:HIV-2; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000150:complications