title: Ten years of liver transplantation: an evolving understanding of late graft loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We undertook this study to understand the causes of late graft loss and long-term outcome in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively collected data of 1174 consecutive OLT in 1045 adult patients who received liver grafts between April 1985 and August 1995 were reviewed. The causes of graft loss, pretransplant patient characteristics, and posttransplant events were analyzed in patients who survived at least 1 year after OLT, in an attempt to establish a link between these factors and graft loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-nine (17.9%) grafts were lost after the first year. Of these, 132 grafts were lost by death and 27 by retransplantation. Recipients who survived the first year (n=884) had 5- and 10-year survivals of 81.4% and 67.2%, respectively. Death with a functioning graft occurred in 97 (61%) patients. The main causes of late graft loss were recurrent disease (n=48), cardiovascular and cerebral vascular accidents (n=28), infections (n=24), and chronic rejection (n = 15). Pretransplant heart disease and diabetes were found to be significant risk factors for late graft loss due to cardiovascular diseases and cerebral vascular accidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival of OLT patients who live beyond the first posttransplant year is excellent. Some patient characteristics may be associated with late graft loss. Compared with previous reports, this study shows an increased incidence of late graft loss secondary to recurrent diseases, de novo malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebral vascular accidents. Chronic rejection seems to be a less frequent cause of late graft loss. The prevention of recurrent disease and better immunosuppression may further improve these results.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Services, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abbasoglu
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Brkic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jeyarajah
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Husberg
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gonwa
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Klintmalm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors