Gender and communication style in general practice. Differences between women's health care and regular health care.
OBJECTIVE
Differences were investigated between general practitioners providing women's health care (4 women) and general practitioners providing regular health care (8 women and 8 men). Expectations were formulated on the basis of the principles of women's health care and literature about gender differences.


METHODS
Data were used from 405 videotaped consultations of female patients (over 15 years). Roter's Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) was used to measure the verbal affective and instrumental behavior of the doctors and their patients. These data were supplemented by various nonverbal measures. The data were analyzed by means of multilevel analysis.


RESULTS
Doctors in the women's health care practice (called Aletta) look at their patients and talk with them more than other doctors. The general practitioners have approximately the same affective behavior, but the Aletta doctors show more verbal attentiveness and warmth. They also give more medical information and advice. Most of the characteristics of Aletta doctors fit female doctors providing regular health care too. Male doctors show a less communicative behavior in most respects. The differences between general practitioners are reflected in their patients' communication style.


CONCLUSIONS
The integration into regular care of some aspects of doctor-patient communication that were found in women's health care might be desirable in the light of the further improvement of the quality of care for women and men.
van den Brink-Muinen
A
A
NIVEL, Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Bensing
J M
JM
Kerssens
J J
JJ
D000339:Affect; D001288:Attention; D003142:Communication; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology; D009426:Netherlands; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology; D014932:Women's Health Services / Q000592:standards*