title: 3D multivoxel proton spectroscopy of human brain using a hybrid of 8th-order Hadamard encoding with 2D chemical shift imaging.
abstract: Multivoxel 3D localized proton spectroscopy using a hybrid of 1D 8th-order transverse Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) with 2D chemical shift imaging (CSI) is demonstrated in human brain. The spatially selective HSI pulse incorporates naturally into the PRESS sequence (TE = 135 ms), which then both excites an 8 x 8 x 6 cm parallelepiped volume of interest (VOI) and subdivides it into eight slices. The planes of these slices are further partitioned into 16 x 16 voxel arrays using 2D CSI to yield 8 x 8 x 8 voxels within the VOI. Simultaneous 3D coverage yields good voxel signal-to-noise (8, 12, and 22 for choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate, respectively) from these 0.75-ml voxels, in approximately 45 min. The high spatial isolation allows localization to within less than 1 cm from the skull without fat contamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of NMR and Medical Spectroscopy, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoyanova
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011522:Protons; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011522:Protons