title: Development of a modified Winchester disability scale--the elderly at risk rating scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show that the elderly at risk rating scale (EARRS) satisfies the requirements of an assessment tool for routine health checks in people over 75 and would also be suitable as a method of collecting epidemiological data on the needs of the elderly in a locality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Development and validation of a questionnaire based on a modification of the Winchester rating scale, by a series of prospective, comparative studies before the use of the instrument in a community survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elderly care day hospital and the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elderly patients referred to an elderly care day hospital; population survey of subjects over 75 living at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability of responses using the kappa statistic; comparison of the scale with the Barthel index of daily living.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EARRS has satisfactory validity and reliability when repeated by the same observer or a different observer, with a mean weighted kappa score above 0.80 in both instances. As a measure of disability in the community, it is better than the Barthel score in that it avoids the ceiling effect. The score is correlated with age, social situation, and receipt of support services, and individual questions scale appropriately to adverse outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EARRS satisfies the requirements of an assessment tool for health checks in the elderly, It is suitable for both population surveys and routine practice in primary care, has proved popular with practice nurses, and is easy to complete.
authors.affiliation: Elderly Care Unit, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital.
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Donald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004739:England; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires