title: Topoisomerase mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: The incidence of the various mutations in the genes encoding topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus is not known. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, we found that in fluoroquinolone- and methicillin-resistant strains, mutations in grlA and gyrA are quite likely to be present together. For fluoroquinolone-resistant but methicillin-susceptible strains, mutations in grlA alone are more common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. gkaatz@juno.com
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kaatz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II