title: Quantitative determination of free amino acids in the hemolymph of autogenous and anautogenous strains of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: Autogenous and anautogenous strains were selected from the egg rafts of Culex tarsalis Coquillett collected from Coachella Valley, California. In autogenous (21-25 generations) and anautogenous (0-4 generations) strains used for hemolymph free amino acid analysis, the autogenous oviposition rates were 73.6-83.6% and 2.7-3.9%, the proportions of females undergoing autogenous ovarian development 120 h postemergence were 75.6 and 8.9%, respectively. To study the presence and quantities of free amino acids and explore their relationship to autogenous ovarian development, the 6 legs of females from both autogenous and anautogenous strains were removed at the coxo-femoral joints, and hemolymph was collected by centrifuging the bodies of 50-100 females. Proteins in the hemolymph were precipitated with 10% sulphosalicylic acid. On days 1, 4, 7, and 10 postemergence, a total of 17 free amino acids was found in females from the autogenous strain, and a total of 16 was found in females from the anautogenous strain in which asparagine (Asn) was absent. Comparisons of free amino acid concentrations between these 2 strains indicated that there were significant differences in total free amino acids and 13 individual free amino acids except Glu, Gln, Pro, and Met on day 1, total free amino acids and 14 individual free amino acids except Gln, Pro, and on day 4, and total free amino acids and 12 individual free amino acids except Asp, Glu, Gln, Pro, and Met on day 7 postemergence. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of individual and total free amino acids on day 10 postemergence. Female age affected free amino acid content in the autogenous strain, where total free amino acids and 14 individual free amino acid content in the autogenous strain, where total free amino acids and 14 individual free amino acids increased from day 1, peaked on day 4, declined on day 7, and declined further on day 10 postemergence. In the anautogenous strain, only total free amino acids and Ser, Gly, Ala, and Leu exhibited age-dependent changes in concentration, and the magnitude of changes in concentration was less than that in autogenous strain. Conclusively, autogenous ovarian development was the major reason for the changes in hemolymph free amino acid concentration postemergence. The current and previous findings indicate that the free amino acids, Arg, Gly, Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, Ser, Thr, and Val putatively may be essential for vitellogenesis in mosquitoes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521-0314, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mulla
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry*; D010053:Ovary / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids