title: Uracil glycol deoxynucleoside triphosphate is a better substrate for DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment than thymine glycol deoxynucleoside triphosphate.
abstract: A major stable oxidation product of DNA cytosine is 5,6-dihydroxy-5, 6-dihydrouracil (Ug). Ug can be formed directly in DNA or in the cellular nucleotide pools by deamination of the unstable primary product, cytosine glycol. Here, we synthesized dUgTP and showed that dUgTP was incorporated in place of dTTP and was a much better substrate for the model enzyme DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment lacking proofreading activity, Kf (exo-), than deoxythymidine glycol triphosphate (dTgTP). The relative efficiency for dUgTP insertion opposite A was 10 times higher than for dTgTP; however, the extension of a primer with 3' dUg was about 100 times more efficient than the extension of a primer with 3' dTg. At the insertion step, the differences in Vmax appeared to be responsible since the apparent Kms for dUgTP and dTgTP were about the same. In contrast, both the apparent Km and Vmax for elongation of dUg were markedly different from those of dTg. Molecular modeling was performed with both Tg and Ug and provides a rational structural explanation for these observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Purmal
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kow
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D010441:Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides; C052186:thymidine glycol 5'-triphosphate; C049744:cytosine glycol; D014498:Uracil; D003596:Cytosine; D004256:DNA Polymerase I