title: Conservative management of residual and recurrent lesions after carotid endarterectomy: long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the natural history of residual and recurrent carotid stenoses that are initially treated without surgery, and to identify risk factors for recurrent stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of data from a prospective carotid database with clinical and duplex follow-up. Analysis of rate of restenosis and rate of late reoperation by life table. Risk factor analysis by chi 2 and LEE-DESU statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred forty-eight patients were available for follow-up, with 12 residual lesions (3.7%) and 22 recurrent lesions (6.6%). Rate of recurrent stenosis by life table analysis was 8.7% and 13% at 3 and 5 years. Restenosis was associated with smoking (p = 0.04) and contralateral progression. Only 21% of patients were underwent an operation within 5 years (p = 0.007) of restenosis developing, but eventually 10 of 22 patients required reoperation at long-term follow-up, eight for symptoms and two for progressive proximal stenoses. The late stroke rate was increased in patients who had residual or recurrent lesions compared with those who had normal duplex study results (18% vs 6%; p = 0.16) and was related to the ipsilateral artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent lesions that remain asymptomatic can be managed without operation with likelihood of success in the near term (5 years). However, these patients are at increased risk of late stroke, and almost half will eventually require operation. Therefore, in good-risk patients operation for asymptomatic restenosis should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8191, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ricotta
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: O'Brien-Irr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography