title: Prompt epithelial damage and restitution processes in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the induction and the morphology of epithelial damage, and of the ensuing epithelial restitution processes in allergic airways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine epithelial damage and restitution in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-mount techniques, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, cryosectioning, and histochemical staining were used. Cell proliferation was monitored by BrdU-immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allergen challenge produced patchy, crater-like, and leucocyte-rich epithelial damage sites. At 1, 5, and 24 h damage was associated with poorly differentiated epithelial restitution cells. Already at 1 h the epithelial craters had a floor of flattened restitution cells and the damaged areas comprised < 1% of the mucosal surface area (whole-mount preparations). In contrast, cryo sections displayed large areas (approximately 20%, 1 h) of denudation. Epithelial, and subepithelial (fibroblasts, smooth muscle) proliferation was increased 5 and 24 h after challenge (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within 1 h allergen challenge has induced patchy damage sites where epithelial restitution is already advanced; although easily produced by cryosectioning frank denudation was not evident in whole-mount preparations. The present findings may explain the well maintained, functional tightness of allergic airways displaying epithelial damage, shedding, and even denudation. The present data also suggest the possibility that epithelial damage-restitution may be causative to allergic airway remodelling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Erjefält
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korsgren
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sundler
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008871:Microvilli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016622:Silver Staining; D014136:Tracheitis / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens