title: Carcinoid metastases to the liver: role of triple-phase helical CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate triple-phase helical computed tomography (CT) of carcinoid liver metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triple-phase helical CT was performed in 31 patients with proved carcinoid liver metastases. Hepatic arterial-dominant phase (HAP) and portal venous-dominant phase (PVP) images were obtained 20 and 70 seconds after intravenous iopamidol injection. Four independent readers reviewed each phase for lesion number, conspicuity, and attenuation relative to liver. Three readers reviewed each phase to determine which phase best showed the lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lesions detected by readers 1-4 were as follows: noncontrast phase, 164, 177, 204, and 229 lesions; HAP, 178, 177, 214, and 238 lesions; and PVP, 180, 189, 215, and 250 lesions (P > .05). On HAP images, readers found that 80, 73, 96, and 102 lesions were hyperattenuating. Consensus indicated there were 206 focal lesions. Of these 206 lesions, 72, 72, and 62 lesions were best seen on the noncontrast phase, HAP, and PVP images, respectively. Six, 28, and six lesions were seen only on the noncontrast phase, HAP, and PVP images, respectively. Two patients had lesions seen only on the HAP images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HAP and, to a lesser extent, the noncontrast phase provide added value in evaluating carcinoid liver metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Keogan
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: DeLong
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007479:Iopamidol; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007479:Iopamidol