title: Synthesis and antimicrobial characteristics of 4,4'-(alpha,omega-polymethylenedithio)bis(1-alkylpyridinium iodide)s.
abstract: Bis-quaternary ammonium compounds (bis-QACs), 4,4'-(alpha,omega-polymethylenedithio)bis(1-alkylpyridinium iodide)s (4DTBP-m,n), which have 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the connecting methylene chain (m) and 8 to 18 carbon atoms of the N-alkyl chain (n), were synthesized. 4DTBP-6,12 exhibited a wide antimicrobial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The activity was stronger than those of N-dodecylpyridinium iodide (P-12), benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride and 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole. The bactericidal activities of 4DTBP-m,n were scarcely affected by the lengths of the alkyl chain and methylene chain. The bis-QAC that showed the highest activity was 4DTBP-6,8 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.6 microM, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 2.6 microM), and its activity was about 10 times that of N-hexadecylpyridinium iodide (P-16), which was the most active in the P-n series. In addition, 4DTBP-6,12 showed a high bactericidal activity in the ranges of pH 5 to 8.5 and 10 to 40 degrees C, in contrast to mono-QACs. The bis-QACs synthesized in this study have excellent bactericidal properties.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagamune
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kourai
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013440:Sulfides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides