title: The pharmacodynamics of mivacurium preceded by atracurium or cisatracurium in children.
abstract: We evaluated whether mivacurium maintains its short duration of effect when preceded by atracurium or cisatracurium in 45 children during propofol/alfentanil/N2O/O2 anesthesia. Neuromuscular response was recorded by using an adductor pollicis electromyogram (EMG). Children were randomized to receive two doses of atracurium (350 micrograms/kg and 70 micrograms/kg in Group AM), cisatracurium (64 micrograms/kg and 10 micrograms/kg in Group CM), or mivacurium (200 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg in Group MM), followed by a final dose of mivacurium 100 micrograms/kg. The second and third doses of the muscle relaxants were administered at 25% EMG recovery. After the final dose of mivacurium, the times to 95% of EMG recovery in groups AM, CM, and MM were (median with 10-90 percentile range) 33.0 (28.0-40.0) min, 30.7 (26.0-40.3) min, and 10.3 (8.0-14.0) min, respectively (P < 0.0001). The recovery times to a train-of-four ratio of 0.70 were 30.3 (24.7-37.0) min, 28.0 (24.7-37.7) min, and 10.3 (8.0-13.7) min for groups AM, CM, and MM, respectively (P < 0.0001). Thus, the duration of effect of mivacurium was prolonged by 200% if preceded by either atracurium or cisatracurium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We compared the pharmacodynamics of mivacurium given alone or preceded by atracurium or cisatracurium in children. The duration of effects of mivacurium was prolonged by 200% if preceded by either atracurium or cisatracurium. This implies that mivacurium has a short duration of effect only when given as a single relaxant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jalkanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautoma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taivainen
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Meretoja
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001279:Atracurium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077590:Mivacurium; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D000077590:Mivacurium; C101584:cisatracurium