title: Immediate and follow up results of Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy in juvenile rheumatic mitral stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Juvenile rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) with severe pulmonary venous and arterial hypertension (PAH) is a relatively common occurrence in developing countries. The study objectives were to evaluate the safety, efficacy and follow up of Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy (IBMV) in juveniles with rheumatic MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 193 patients with juvenile rheumatic MS were analyzed and compared with adults, with specific reference to the effect of IBMV on hemodynamics and pulmonary vasculature in patients with severe PAH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mitral valve areas were smaller (0.76 +/- 0.22 versus 0.81 +/- 0.22 cm2), while mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) (44.5 +/- 16.5 versus 38.4 +/- 15.1 mmHg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (5.5 +/- 4.6 versus 4.41 +/- 4.04 Wood units) were greater in juvenile patients when compared with adults. There was a 99% procedural success. Juvenile patients showed an overall greater fall in MPAP and PVR when compared with adults. The incidence of severe PAH was much higher (32%) among juveniles than adults (16%). Only 5% of patients with juvenile MS with severe PAH had residual severe PAH immediately after IBMV, compared with 17% in older patients. Hemodynamic benefits (echocardiographic mean transvalvular gradient and mitral valve area) were sustained at a mean follow up of 29 months, and there was no documented case of restenosis after successful IBMV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that IBMV is safe and effective in juvenile rheumatic MS and provides greater hemodynamic benefit compared with adults; such benefit is sustained during a mean follow up of 29 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Goel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome