title: Effects of long-term course of alpha-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C associated to mixed cryoglobulinaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a long-term course of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) in the treatment of HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia and to determine the impact of cryoglobulinaemia on therapeutic response to IFN in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Medical Centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety consecutive CHC patients, 50 with cryoglobulinaemia (25 symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic; median cryocrit, 8%; chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) 7, chronic active hepatitis (CAH) 27, cirrhosis 16) and 40 without cryoglobulinaemia (CPH 6, CAH 20, cirrhosis 14). HCV genotypes in the cryoglobulinaemic and non-cryoglobulinaemic groups were: 1b 40% and 45%; 2a 40% and 30%; others 20% and 25%, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-month course of alpha-IFN 2a, 3 MU, three times weekly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disappearance of cryoglobulinaemia and related syndrome, clearance of serum HCV RNA and normalization serum transaminase levels at the end of treatment (response) and after 12 months follow-up (sustained response).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, cryoglobulinaemic patients showed a similar response to IFN to those without cryoglobulinaemia (44% vs. 42.5%, respectively). In the cryoglobulinaemic group, symptomatic patients showed a lower response rate than asymptomatic patients (28% vs. 60%, respectively; P<0.05). HCV genotype 2a/c, absence of cirrhosis and a low cryocrit (<9%) were predictive factors of high response rate to IFN. Sustained response in non-cryoglobulinaemic patients (22.5%) tended to be higher than in patients with symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia (4%), as well as among patients carrying genotype 2a/c (67% vs. 10%, respectively; P<0.02). IFN was effective in controlling purpura (80%) but was moderately effective on severe haematuria/proteinuria, renal insufficiency and neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 12-month course of alpha-IFN is effective treatment for HCV-related cryoglobulinaemia. However, patients with CHC associated to symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia have a lower response rate to IFN.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Therapy, Second University of Naples Medical School, Italy.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Adinolfi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Utili
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zampino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ragone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mormone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral