title: mdm2 and bax, downstream mediators of the p53 response, are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
abstract: Upon activation in response to cellular stress or DNA damage, the p53 tumor suppressor induces the expression of gene products involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Using the proteasome-specific inhibitors, MG132 (N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinal-L-leucinal) and lactacystin, here we show that the p53-response proteins, bax and mdm2 as well as p21, are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in HeLa cells. MG132 also increased expression of the three proteins in cells that lack p53, showing that stabilization of the p53 response proteins is not due to increased levels of p53 itself. Increases in mdm2 protein levels by MG132 was accompanied by increases in polyubiquitinated forms of the proteins. Our results indicate that ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation influences the turnover of downstream targets of p53, therefore suggesting that the proteasome plays a role in regulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in response to p53.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tejima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Heintz
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007976:Leupeptins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014452:Ubiquitins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde