title: Interleukin-18 (IFNgamma-inducing factor) induces IL-8 and IL-1beta via TNFalpha production from non-CD14+ human blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: IL-18 is synthesized as a precursor molecule without a signal peptide but requires the IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE, caspase-1) for cleavage into a mature peptide. Human precursor IL-18 was expressed, purified, and cleaved by ICE into a 18-kD mature form. Mature IL-18 induced IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of any co-stimuli. Blocking IL-1 with IL-1 receptor antagonist resulted in a 50% reduction in IL-8. Neutralization of TNF with TNF binding protein resulted in a 66% reduction in IL-1beta, an 80% reduction of IL-8, and an 88% reduction in mean TNFalpha mRNA. In purified CD14+ cells but not CD3+/CD4+, IL-18 induced gene expression and synthesis of IL-8 and IL-1beta. TNFalpha production was induced in the non-CD14+ population and there was no induction of TNFbeta by IL-18. In purified natural killer cells, IL-18 induced IL-8 that was also inhibited by TNF binding protein. IL-18 did not induce antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-1Ra, or IL-10, although IL-18 induction of TNFalpha was inhibited by IL-10. In the presence of IFNgamma, IL-18-induced TNFalpha was enhanced and there was an increase in the mature form of IL-1beta. We conclude that IL-18 possesses proinflammatory properties by direct stimulation of gene expression and synthesis of TNFalpha from CD3+/CD4+ and natural killer cells with subsequent production of IL-1beta and IL-8 from the CD14+ population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80261, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Puren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fantuzzi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
mesh_terms: D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007369:Interferon Inducers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020382:Interleukin-18; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D007369:Interferon Inducers; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D020382:Interleukin-18; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma