title: Vocalization and breathing during the second and third years of life.
abstract: Vocalization and breathing were studied in 40 healthy young children, including 5 boys and 5 girls at each, of ages of 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. A variable inductance plethysmograph was used to obtain estimates of volume changes of the rib cage, abdomen, and lung, as well as estimates of selected temporal features of the breathing cycle. Results indicated that breathing behavior was influenced by height and age, but not by vocalization type or sex. Such behavior was found to be highly variable, demonstrating that these young children had multiple degrees of freedom of performance available to accomplish the aeromechanical drive required.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Neurogenic Communication Disorders, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Boliek
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hixon
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D010991:Plethysmography; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement