title: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)-mediated reciprocal regulation loop between FGF8 and FGF10 is essential for limb induction.
abstract: FGFR2 is a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase that serves as a high affinity receptor for several members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. To explore functions of FGF/FGFR2 signals in development, we have mutated FGFR2 by deleting the entire immunoglobin-like domain III of the receptor. We showed that murine FGFR2 is essential for chorioallantoic fusion and placenta trophoblast cell proliferation. Fgfr2(DeltaIgIII/DeltaIgIII) embryos displayed two distinct defects that resulted in failures in formation of a functional placenta. About one third of the mutants failed to form the chorioallantoic fusion junction and the remaining mutants did not have the labyrinthine portion of the placenta. Consequently, all mutants died at 10-11 days of gestation. Interestingly, Fgfr2(DeltaIgIII/DeltaIgIII) embryos do not form limb buds. Consistent with this defect, the expression of Fgf8, an apical ectodermal factor, is absent in the mutant presumptive limb ectoderm, and the expression of Fgf10, a mesenchymally expressed limb bud initiator, is down regulated in the underlying mesoderm. These findings provide direct genetic evidence that FGF/FGFR2 signals are absolutely required for vertebrate limb induction and that an FGFR2 signal is essential for the reciprocal regulation loop between FGF8 and FGF10 during limb induction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naski
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ornitz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000196:embryology; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000235:genetics; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010929:Placentation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C496464:Fgf10 protein, mouse; C496457:Fgf8 protein, mouse; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D006133:Growth Substances; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C496354:Fgfr2 protein, mouse; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2