title: Tuberculosis infection and disease among persons seeking social services in New York City.
abstract: METHODS
  A large public hospital in New York City.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease in a cohort of indigent persons in New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons seeking social services at any of five community-based organizations in New York City were screened for tuberculosis infection using tuberculin skin testing and a symptom questionnaire. Skin test or symptom positive persons were referred to the Bellevue Hospital Chest Clinic for a chest radiograph and medical evaluation. After this evaluation, patients were classified into a diagnostic category (e.g. tuberculosis infection, tuberculosis disease, no evidence of tuberculosis infection or disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 651 persons screened, 591 (91%) completed the initial evaluation. The tuberculosis infection prevalence for the entire cohort was 41% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 37% to 45%). Risk factors for infection included residence in a congregate setting, drug use, and birth outside the United States. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was not a risk factor for infection. Eleven cases of active tuberculosis were also detected (disease prevalence of 1.7%, 95% CI, 0.85% to 3%). Most of the patients with active tuberculosis had documented HIV infection or clear risk factors for HIV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that tuberculosis infection and disease remain common in populations characterized by poor housing conditions, drug use, and HIV infection. Linking a major medical provider with community-based organizations is an effective means to provide highly targeted screening services to a population at serious risk for disease acquisition and transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Schluger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huberman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Rom
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Holzman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008489:Medical Indigency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012947:Social Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control