title: Gender, age and carotid plaque morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between patients gender, age and the development of different types of internal carotid artery plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective open clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  455 carotid duplex scans with a greater than 50% stenosis were analysed in terms of gender, age, degree of stenosis symptoms and plaque morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 238 males (52.3%) and 217 females. Of 120 patients with type I plaque 86 were male (71.7%, chi 2 = 23.4, p = 0.000002). This high incidence of type I (haemorrhagic) plaque in men was accompanied by a higher degree of stenosis (chi 2 = 11.7 p = 0.0006) but was independent of the age of the patients and the presence of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this study supports the view that men have more severe carotid artery disease, it does not to affect a younger age group. The higher degree of stenosis and its association with haemorrhagic plaque is not translated into an increase in symptoms in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Holdsworth
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bryce
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: McCollum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002341:Carotid Artery Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology