title: Rifampin-monoresistant tuberculosis in New York City, 1993-1994.
abstract: All New York City patients whose cultures yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis with isolated resistance to rifampin in 1993 and 1994 were included in this study. Of the 96 patients, 48 (50%) had primary resistance, 32 (33%) had acquired resistance, and 16 (17%) had unclassified resistance; 66% had histories of illicit drug use, and 79% were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The median time to emergence of resistance was 40 weeks among the 32 patients with acquired resistance. Each of the HIV-infected patients with acquired resistance (cases, n = 29) was matched to two HIV-infected patients who had disease due to fully susceptible M. tuberculosis (controls, n = 58). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with the emergence of rifampin resistance were as follows: a sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli, advanced immunosuppression, and nonadherence to therapy.
authors.affiliation: City of New York Department of Health, New York 10007, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Munsiff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimzadeh
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Frieden
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D012293:Rifampin