title: Mechanisms associated with defective TH1 cytokine production in HIV infection.
abstract: Qualitative and quantitative changes in immune functions of different T-cell subsets associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were analyzed by flow cytometric assessment of intracytoplasmic cytokines. The T(H)1 cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), were produced by both CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets. When normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were activated in culture, both cytokines were produced predominantly by CD4 (CD4) cell and only a minor fraction of normal CD8 cells produced these cytokines. In the cultures of PBMC from HIV-1-infected individuals (HIV+PBMC), more HIV+CD8 cells produced IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Production of IFN-gamma by HIV+CD4 cells was markedly reduced, while IL-2nd tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by HIV+CD4 remained relatively intact until the disease progressed further. Normal CD4 cells which were isolated by using a cell sorter, FACSCalibur was still able to produce IL-2 and TNF-alpha. But for full production of IFN-gamma, normal CD4 required some accessory cells, the identity of which could not yet be established.
authors.affiliation: Ponce School of Medicine AIDS Research Program, Puerto Rico 00732, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eylar
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamura
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma