title: Cisplatin, ifosfamide, and prolonged oral etoposide in the treatment of patients with extensive small cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and prolonged oral etoposide (PIE) was studied in patients with extensive small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) in a Phase I trial followed by a Phase II trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), characterize toxicity, and estimate response and median survival rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients were treated between October 1991 and December 1994. Doses for the initial cohort were cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day, ifosfamide 1500 mg/m2/day with mesna (all given intravenously on Days 1-3), and oral etoposide 50 mg/m2 on Days 4-17. This cycle was repeated every 4 weeks for up to 6 cycles. The MTD was reached for the first 9 patients. For these 9 patients and the next 24 patients, who were entered in the Phase II trial, response and survival were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-limiting toxicity was manifested as Grade 4 neutropenia in 3 of 3 patients (associated with fever in 2 of 3), and Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was encountered in 2 of 3 patients at the second dose level. Of 6 patients treated at the first dose level, 4 achieved targeted myelosuppression (absolute granulocyte count nadir <1000), but only 1 experienced Grade 4 neutropenia, defining this level as the MTD. Grade 4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia was observed in 36 (24%) of a total of 152 courses administered at or below the MTD. Nonhematologic toxicity above Grade 2 was uncommon, excluding nausea and vomiting. Overall objective response rate was 93% of 30 evaluable patients: 5 (17%) complete responses and 23 partial responses (76%). Median failure free and overall survival durations were 36 and 54 weeks, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and oral etoposide produced encouraging failure free and overall median survival rates in patients with extensive SCLC. These results warrant further evaluation of this regimen in the initial therapy of patients with limited stage disease.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glisson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fossella
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez-Soler
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide