title: Dental enamel defects in celiac patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence and distribution of enamel defects among patients with celiac disease were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The oral cavity was explored in 137 patients with celiac disease (mean age 16.2 years; age range 5 to 68 years) and in 52 control patients (mean age 19.8 years; age range 5 to 64 years). Permanent dentition enamel defects were recorded, along with their number and locations. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index rates were also established, and an investigation was made of the human leukocyte antigens among the patients with celiac disease. The results obtained were analyzed with the chi-squared test, statistical significance being regarded for p < or = 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enamel defects were observed in 72 (52.5%) of the patients with celiac disease (52 patients had systematic defects) and in 22 (42.3%) of the control patients (9 patients had systematic defects). Systematic defects were significantly more common in the celiac disease group. In the patients with celiac disease, 72.2% were symmetrical, compared with 40.9% of the defects in the control patients. The incisors were the most frequently affected teeth, the extent of involvement being significantly greater in the celiac disease group. In patients with celiac disease, DR7, DR3, and DQ2 were the most commonly observed human leukocyte antigens. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth index rates were 4.8 and 6.2 in the celiac disease group and the control group, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enamel defects are common among patients with celiac disease. They tend to be bilateral and symmetrical, and they are chronologically distributed. The lesions affect mainly the incisors and the molars. Patients with such characteristics should be evaluated for possible celiac disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad del País Vasco/E.H.U., Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oribe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vitoria
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004245:DMF Index; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015809:HLA-DR7 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; C051569:HLA-DQ3 antigen; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015809:HLA-DR7 Antigen