title: In vitro and in vivo characterization of a calcium modulator of the diphenylalkylamine type with selective coronary dilatory properties.
abstract: VUF 8929 (N-¿2-[bis(p-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl¿-(2-phenyl)ethylamine maleate, CAS 140890-71-7) is a diphenylalkylamine derivative structurally related to prenylamine. The calcium antagonistic properties of this compound have been studied in in vitro and in vivo systems. VUF 8929 has affinity for the voltage-operated calcium channel. Its pKD for the displacement of [3H]nitrendipine bound to cerebral rat cortex is 6.27 (+/- 0.17). The compound influences the [3H]nitrendipine binding through an allosteric interaction with a site adjacent to the dihydropyridine binding site. Competitive experiments with the additional presence of the phenylalkylamine gallopamil showed that this allosteric site is a property common to diphenyl- and phenylalkylamines. It was further observed that VUF 8929 has a high affinity for calmodulin as it shows high potency in inhibiting the calmodulin mediated activation of PDE. The inhibition of K+ (IC50 0.5 mumol/l)- and noradrenaline (IC50 1.3 mumol/l)-induced contractions of rabbit aorta rings was in the same concentration range as found for the calmodulin inhibitory activity. In vitro platelet aggregation was also inhibited in the same concentration range when washed platelets were used. Thus calmodulin antagonism may contribute to the observed effects on aorta ring contractions and platelets aggregation. Platelet aggregation, however, in media in which albumin was added or in platelet rich plasma was not affected. It is assumed that due to the high lipophilicity, common to many diphenylalkylamines, VUF 8929 has a strong binding to plasma proteins. This may also explain why orally administered VUF 8929 did not affect the alpha 2-induced pressor response in pithed rats and the ex vivo collagen induced aggregation response. The haemodynamic profile in anaesthetized dogs showed that intravenous injected VUF 8929 reduced the workload of the heart while coronary blood flow increases at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Reversible occlusion of the coronary artery, which leads to S-T segment elevation and local venous acidosis, were reduced by VUF 8929 indicating that the compound has anti-ischaemic properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VUF 8929 is a calcium antagonist which has anti-ischaemic properties, reduces the workload of the heart and increases coronary flow. Due to these properties VUF 8929 is a potential cardioprotective agent.
authors.affiliation: Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caldirola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monteil
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zandberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mannhold
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Timmerman
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C110092:N-(2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl-(2-phenyl)ethylamine maleate; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases