title: The epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis infant mortality in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined trends and risk factors for infant mortality associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Necrotizing enterocolitis-associated deaths and infant mortality rates from 1979 through 1992 were determined by means of US multiple cause-of-death and linked birth/infant death data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual necrotizing enterocolitis infant mortality rates decreased from 1979 through 1986 but increased thereafter and were lower during the 3-year period before (1983 through 1985;11.5 per 100,000 live births) the introduction of surfactants than after (1990 through 1992; 12.3 per 100,000). Low-birthweight singleton infants who were Black male, or born to mothers younger than 17 had increased risk for necrotizing enterocolitis-associated death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As mortality among low-birth weight infants continues to decline and smaller newborns survive early causes of death, necrotizing enterocolitis-associated infant mortality may increase.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001719:Birth Certificates; D001724:Birth Weight; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D003644:Death Certificates; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants