title: Cancer insurance policies in Japan and the United States.
abstract: Cancer care in the United States often results in financial hardship for patients and their families. Standard health insurance covers most medical costs, but nonmedical costs (such as lost wages, deductibles, copayments, and travel to and from caregivers) are paid out of pocket. Over the course of treatment, these costs can become substantial. Insurance companies have addressed the burden of these out-of-pocket costs by offering supplemental cancer insurance policies that, upon diagnosis of cancer, pay cash benefits for items that usually require out-of-pocket expenditures and are distinct from reimbursements made by traditional health insurance. Limitations associated with managed care have fostered increased consumer awareness and interest in the United States for cancer insurance and its ability to defray treatment expenditures that usually require out-of-pocket payments. Marketing campaigns are becoming more aggressive, and the number of cancer insurance policies sold has been steadily rising. While cancer insurance is only recently gaining popularity in the United States, it has been a successful product in Japan for over twenty years. In Japan, approximately one-quarter of the population own cancer insurance, and ten-year retention rates are estimated at 75%. As a result, individuals are afforded good access to nonmedical cancer services. Understanding the factors that led to the success of cancer insurance in Japan may assist policymakers in evaluating cancer insurance policies as they become more prevalent in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research and Development Division, Lakeside Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. cbenne@nwu.edu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lieberman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D011050:Policy Making; D014481:United States