title: Effects of irradiation of an erbium:YAG laser on root surfaces.
abstract: The application of erbium:YAG laser (Er:YAG) irradiation has been investigated for periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and to determine the laser's ability to remove lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Infrared spectrophotometry was used to investigate the effects of the laser on LPS applied to root dentin pellets. Premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were prepared for this study. The crowns were resected below the cemento-enamel junction, longitudinally sectioned, and the contents of the pulp chamber were removed. Then 15 root tips (5 x 5 x 1 mm) were classified into 3 groups of 5 each as follows: group 1, tips without any treatment; group 2, planed tips with the cement layers left untouched; and group 3, planed until the dentin surface was disclosed. The center of each specimen was used as the experimental irradiated area and the peripheral area served as a control. The quantity of vapor delivered by Er:YAG laser was highly increased, and the irradiated areas displayed little morphogenetic changes. The lyophilized sample LPS 0111 B4 from E. coli was then mixed with potassium bromide and pressed into a tablet, which was examined at 4,000-650 Kayser. The lyophilized LPS had a peak at 2.94 microns. LPS on the root dentin pellets was cleared away as much as possible by 150 washings in pyrogen-free water using an ultrasonic cleaner. Five microliters of 24 EU LPS solution was dropped on the root dentin pellets, which were then irradiated by the Er:YAG laser, and washed using the ultrasonic cleaner in pyrogen-free water. The amount of the extracted LPS solution was determined by spectrophotometer at 405 nm. The Er:YAG laser could remove 83.1% of the LPS. This study suggests that Er:YAG laser irradiation might be useful for root conditioning in periodontal therapy. However, clinical testing is necessary to establish what, if any, utility the Er:YAG laser has as a part of periodontal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakuraba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001641:Bicuspid; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012534:Dental Scaling; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004871:Erbium; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016745:Root Planing; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015019:Yttrium; D004871:Erbium