title: Expression of nine developmental stage-specific genes in human kidney and cultured renal cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several genes transiently expressed during the maturation of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme have been reported in recent years while there is accumulating evidence of a reverted developmental pathway during tissue damage and loss of function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we studied the expression of nine genes associated with kidney maturation from samples of normal human fetal, juvenile and adult kidneys and cultured glomerular cells using Northern blotting analysis. Subsequently, kidneys from patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF), presenting with heavy proteinuria, and Wilms' tumor tissue were studied for the corresponding expression pattern for evidence of dedifferentiation/persistence of a fetal expression pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the genes studied had their distinct expression pattern within the tissues and cells tested. No conclusive evidence of dedifferentiation could be obtained in the samples from CNF kidneys, whereas, as expected, the gene expression pattern of Wilms' tumor tissue was highly similar to that of fetal kidney tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some genes thought to be only transiently expressed during kidney maturation were, however, constantly found in the samples from fetal to newborn and adult kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Haartman Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland. anni.haltia@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haltia
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Solin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jalanko
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holthöfer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D015870:Gene Expression; D016162:Genes, Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000151:congenital / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D020801:Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497318:PAX2 protein, human; D020801:Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; C066845:pleiotrophin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases