title: A prospective study of association of monounsaturated fat and other types of fat with risk of breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal studies suggest that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat may have opposite effects on the risk of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a population-based prospective cohort study, including 61,471 women aged 40 to 76 years from 2 counties in central Sweden who did not have any previous diagnosis of cancer; 674 cases of invasive breast cancer occurred during an average follow-up of 4.2 years. All subjects answered a validated 67-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain adjusted rate ratio (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After mutual adjustment of different types of fat, an inverse association with monounsaturated fat and a positive association with polyunsaturated fat were found. The RR for each 10-g increment in daily intake of monounsaturated fat was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.22-0.95), whereas the RR for a 5-g increment of polyunsaturated fat was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.02-2.78); the increments correspond to approximately 2 SDs of intake in the population. Comparing the highest quartile of intake with the lowest, we found an RR of 0.8 (95% CI, 0.5-1.2) for monounsaturated fat and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9-1.6) for polyunsaturated fat. Saturated fat was not associated with the risk of breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that various types of fat may have specific opposite effects on the risk of breast cancer that closely resemble the corresponding effects in experimental animals. Research investigations and health policy considerations should take into account the emerging evidence that monounsaturated fat might be protective for risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ljung
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergkvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005224:Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005224:Fats, Unsaturated