title: Evaluation of some parameters influencing the drug delivery from a dry powder inhalation device using an in vitro model of the horse airways.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breathing pattern, air humidity and position of the device on the delivery of an aerosol generated by a dry powder inhalation (DPI) device (Inhalator M). The in vitro inhalation study was performed using the cascade impaction method (Andersen Sampler) adapted to imitate nasal breathing. The amount of ipratropium found in the device, the artificial upper airways and the six stages of the Andersen Sampler was measured using high precision liquid chromatography. Stage 1 of the Andersen Sampler was considered to be the respirable fraction and stages 2 to 6 to be the non-respirable fraction. It was concluded that the theoretical respirable fraction of ipratropium obtained after DPI through Inhalator M was influenced by relative air humidity, air flow and the position of the device, whereas the number of successive inspirations and the duration of inspiration did not affect this fraction of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'investigation fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium. physio@stat.fmv.ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Duvivier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiap
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crommen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lekeux
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006813:Humidity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000662:veterinary*; D011208:Powders; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D011208:Powders; D009241:Ipratropium