title: The stress inducer arsenite activates mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 via a MAPK kinase 6/p38-dependent pathway.
abstract: Cell response to a wide variety of extracellular signals is mediated by either mitogenic activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade or stress-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) or p38. We have examined communications between these stress- and mitogen-induced signaling pathways. We show here that the stress cascade activator arsenite activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in addition to p38 albeit with different kinetics. Whereas p38 is an early response kinase, ERK activation occurs with delayed time kinetics at 2-4 h. We observed activation of ERK upon arsenite treatment in many different cell lines. ERK activation is strongly enhanced by overexpression of p38 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MKK6) but is blocked by dominant negative kinase versions of p38 and MKK6 or the specific p38 inhibitor SB203580. Arsenite-induced ERK activation is mediated by Ras, Raf, and MEK but appears to be independent of de novo protein synthesis. These data provide the first evidence for a p38 dependent activation of the mitogenic kinase cascade in stress-stimulated cells.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Strahlenkunde und Zellforschung (MSZ), University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmeyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goebeler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Häfner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Rapp
mesh_terms: D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D011725:Pyridines; D018631:ras Proteins; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2; C482566:MAP2K6 protein, human; C015001:arsenite; C093642:SB 203580