title: Of apples and oranges, file drawers and garbage: why validity issues in meta-analysis will not go away.
abstract: This paper examines how threats to the validity of meta-analysis have been dealt with by clinical researchers employing this approach to literature review. Three validity threats were identified--mixing of dissimilar studies, publication bias, and inclusion of poor quality studies. Approaches to addressing these threats were evaluated for their effectiveness and popularity by surveying 32 published meta-analyses in clinical psychology. Distrust of meta-analysis, however, was found to transcend these validity threats. Other explanations for why this popular research strategy continues to receive widespread criticism were considered. Suggestions were made for how meta-analysis might better address these concerns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharpe
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards*