title: Murine Ksr interacts with MEK and inhibits Ras-induced transformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ksr (kinase supressor of Ras) was identified as a regulator of the Ras-MAP kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway by genetic screens in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Ksr is a kinase with similarities to the three conserved regions of Raf kinases, especially within the kinase domain. To investigate whether these structural similarities correlated with common functional properties, we examined the ability of mKsr-1, the murine homolog of Ksr, to interact with components of the vertebrate MAP kinase pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the yeast two-hybrid interaction assay, mKsr-1 did not bind to either Ras, B-Raf or Raf-1, but interacted strongly with both MEK-1 and MEK-2, activators of MAP kinase. The Ksr-MEK interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Ectopically expressed mKsr-1 co-precipitated with endogenous MEK-1 in COS-1 cells, and endogenous Ksr and MEK co-precipitated from PC12 cells. Phosphorylation of MEK by mKsr-1 was not detected, however. In contrast, the MEK subpopulation complexed with mKsr-1 in COS-1 cells or PC12 cells did not display kinase activity. This ability of Ksr to block MEK in an inactive form correlated with a biological response: mKsr-1 did not transform NIH3T3 cells, and, furthermore, mKsr-1 reduced Ras-induced transformation. Similarly, mKsr-1 inhibited the proliferation of embryonic neuroretina cells induced by Ras and B-Raf but not that induced by MEK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a novel mechanism for Ksr in regulating the MAP kinase pathway, at least in part through an ability to interact with MEK.
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche 146 du CNRS Institut Curie Centre Universitaire Laboratoire 110 91405, Orsay Cédex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denouel-Galy
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Douville
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Warne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laugier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calothy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eychène
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D011494:Protein Kinases; C097199:KSR-1 protein kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; C482127:Map2k1 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins