title: cDNA cloning and gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Lithospermum erythrorhizon.
abstract: Two cDNA clones (LEPAL-1 and LEPAL-2) encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were isolated from cell suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Northern kinetic studies showed that LEPAL-1 mRNA contents markedly increased one day after inoculation of the cells into fresh medium, then decreased to the steady-state level. The course of mRNA accumulation paralleled that of PAL enzyme activity. The rapid induction of PAL activity seems to reflect the induction of dihydroechinofuran biosynthesis, while shikonin was produced at the steady-state level of PAL activity. The course of LEPAL-2 mRNA accumulation seemed to be similar to, but much lower than that of LEPAL-1. In the intact plant, both genes are expressed mainly in the root, the organ in which shikonin is exclusively produced and accumulated. Genomic Southern blot analyses showed that both genes are present in the genome as single copies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan. yazaki@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Severin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heide
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001208:Asia; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000032:analysis*; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C016101:shikonin; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase