title: Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy and endogenous plasma GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-4 concentrations in pediatric patients with solid tumors.
abstract: Ten pediatric patients with solid tumors and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia were given recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM CSF). The duration of the neutropenic phase was then compared with the results obtained from eight patients also with solid tumors, but not treated with rHuGM-CSF. It was found that rHuGM-CSF treatment significantly decreased the duration of the neutropenic phase. Endogenous plasma GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-4 levels were also measured in the study group and in healthy children. No significant correlation has been found between plasma GM-CSF concentrations and absolute neutrophil counts. However, IL-3 levels of the neutropenic patients positively correlated with platelet counts. Furthermore, IL-4 concentrations were positively correlated with the GM-CSF level in the same individual. Plasma GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-4 levels in the neutropenic solid tumor group were found to be significantly higher than those in healthy children. Plasma IL-4 levels were significantly elevated in patients with osteosarcoma as compared to patients with other solid tumors. Although rHuGM-CSF has a half-life of only two to three hours, one day after rHuGM-CSF therapy, plasma GM-CSF levels were found to be higher than initial values. In contrast, plasma IL-4 values decreased significantly after administration of rHuGM-CSF. The probable mechanisms for the changes in cytokine levels are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cetingül
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kütükçüler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kantar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kavakli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nişli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cağlayan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oztop
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor