title: Prophylactic oral ganciclovir compared with deferred therapy for control of cytomegalovirus in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment with prophylactic oral acyclovir, intravenous ganciclovir, or immunoglobulins to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in renal transplantation is associated with variable efficacy and significant expense. We studied control of CMV in renal transplant recipients using either prophylactic oral ganciclovir or deferred therapy with intensive monitoring with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two recipients were followed for 6 months after transplantation. Ganciclovir (1000 mg p.o. t.i.d.; n=19) or acyclovir (200 mg p.o. b.i.d.; n=23) was begun at transplantation and continued for 12 weeks. PCR for CMV was performed on buffy-coat specimens every week for 15 weeks and at months 5 and 6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patients in the ganciclovir group, compared with 14 of 23 patients (61%) in the deferred-therapy group (P<0.0001), developed CMV disease during the first 12 weeks. In the ganciclovir group, 4 of 19 patients (21%) subsequently experienced 5 episodes, whereas 14 patients in the deferred-therapy group experienced 18 episodes (P=0.013 for subjects and P=0.026 for episodes). The time to disease was also delayed in the ganciclovir group compared with the deferred-therapy group (133+/-17 days vs. 51+/-7 days; P<0.0001). Oral ganciclovir also prevented CMV viremia during prophylaxis (2/19 patients [11%] vs. 23/23 patients [100%]). Time to CMV viremia was delayed in the ganciclovir group; however, 13/19 patients (68%) ultimately showed PCR evidence for CMV viremia (P=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An initial 12-week course of oral ganciclovir prevents CMV disease and infection in renal transplant recipients during prophylaxis, and the benefits persist after discontinuation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. dbrennan@im.wistl.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Garlock
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lippmann
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaudreault-Keener
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lowell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Storch
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D015774:Ganciclovir