title: [HIV-associated lung diseases].
abstract: Over two-thirds of all HIV-infected individuals have an associated pulmonary disease. The following causes are frequently observed: bacterial infection (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and mycobacteria), protozoal infection (Pneumocystis carinii), fungal infection (Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum), viral infection (cytomegalovirus), tumors (Kaposi's sarcoma) and pneumonitis. For diagnosis and patients' immune status, imaging techniques, and microbiological, cytological and histological examination of respiratory secretions and biopsy material are important. Infection with Pneumocystis carinii remains common as a cause of respiratory disease in HIV-infected patients, mainly those without prophylaxis. The clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis varies with the state of immunity. Kaposi's sarcoma is the commonest HIV-associated malignancy, and may affect the lungs in addition to the skin.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Infektiologie, Universitätskliniken Basel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trampuz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zimmerli
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology