Preconceptional folate intake and malformations of the cardiac outflow tract. Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Group.
We compared cases with outflow tract defects (N = 126) with controls representative of the same birth cohort (N = 679). Infants with clinically recognized syndromes were excluded. Daily total maternal folate intake of > or =245 microg was inversely related to risk of cardiac outflow tract defects among those with transposition (odds ratio estimates: 0.65, 0.78, and 0.76 with increasing quartile of daily folate intake), but positively related among those with normally related vessels (corresponding odds ratio estimates: 1.18, 1.59, and 1.68). This difference disappeared when maternal intake of supplemental folic acid of > or =400 microg compared with <400 microg was considered, excluding dietary intake [odds ratio (OR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5-2.2 for infants with transposition, and OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.5-1.8 for those without transposition of the great arteries].
Scanlon
K S
KS
Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
Ferencz
C
C
Loffredo
C A
CA
Wilson
P D
PD
Correa-Villaseñor
A
A
Khoury
M J
MJ
Willett
W C
WC
D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
D005492:Folic Acid