title: Molecular basis for the high-incidence antigens of the Kell blood group system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Kell blood group system is complex, containing at least 21 antigens. Some antigens are organized in five allelic sets; other, mostly high-incidence antigens, may be independently expressed. In this study, the molecular basis of five high-incidence antigens in the Kell system are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA sequences from K:-12 (KEL:-12), K:-18 (KEL:-18), K:-19 (KEL:-19), K:-22 (KEL:-22), and TOU-(KEL:-26) persons were sequenced and compared to those from persons with a common Kell phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The various Kell phenotypes are due to point mutations that encode amino acid substitutions. In KEL:-18, two mutations in the same codon were noted. In the various phenotypes, the following KEL mutations were noted: in KEL:-12: A1763G, His548Arg; in KEL:-18: C508T and G509A, Arg130Trp and Arg130Gln; in KEL:-19: G1595A, Arg492Gln; in KEL:-22: C1085T, Ala322Val; and in TOU-:G1337A, Arg406Gln. A son of one of the two people with the TOU-phenotype was heterozygous, and he also had the G1337A mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-incidence antigens of the Kell blood group system are characterized by point mutations leading to amino acid substitutions. The KEL:-18 phenotype could be due to either of two point mutations in the same codon replacing arginine with tryptophan or glutamine. TOU was confirmed as a Kell system antigen, and the inheritance of the mutation was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: New York Blood Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Naime
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Redman
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood; D005091:Exons; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007626:Kell Blood-Group System / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D007626:Kell Blood-Group System; D004247:DNA