title: Natural honey prevents ischaemia-reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal lesions and increased vascular permeability in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been proposed that natural honey may contain a 'sucralfate-like' substance. Recent studies have shown that sucralfate affords protection against ischaemia-reperfusion-induced injuries in the rat stomach. Therefore, the effect of honey was studied on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced gastric lesions, intraluminal bleeding, vascular permeability and non-protein sulphhydryls (NP-SH) in the rat stomach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to 30 min of gastric ischaemia in the presence of 100 mM HCl and reperfusion period of 60 min. Intraluminal bleeding was assessed macroscopically and the gastric lesions were graded microscopically under an inverted microscope. Vascular permeability was quantified by measuring spectrophotometrically the extravasated Evans blue dye in the stomach. NP-SH levels were measured spectrophotometrically. A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method was used to assess antioxidant effects of honey in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly more gastric lesions, more severe intraluminal bleeding, more leakage of Evans blue and depletion of NP-SH during the reperfusion period as compared to controls. Pre-treatment with honey (0.078-0.625 g/kg, orally) or dimethyl sulphoxide (0.02-0.08 g/kg, intraperitoneally) 30 min before the ischaemia-reperfusion dose-dependently reduced the gastric lesions and intraluminal bleeding and decreased the vascular permeability. Furthermore, honey reversed the ischaemia-reperfusion-induced depletion of NP-SH levels and inhibited the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence induced in a cell-free xanthine-xanthine oxidase system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that gastric protection by honey may be a result of its antioxidant effect. It is suggested that this property of honey may be due to the presence of a 'sucralfate-like' substance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: al-Swayeh
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: al-Humayyd
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: al-Rashed
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: al-Tuwaijiri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D006722:Honey; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013481:Superoxides; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide