title: Circulating bubbles and breath-hold underwater fishing divers: a two-dimensional echocardiography and continuous wave Doppler study.
abstract: Since the 1960s, decompression illness after breath-hold diving has been widely debated. The aim of this study was to detect circulating bubbles after breath-hold diving in underwater fishing divers. We used continuous Doppler (DUG, COMEX Pro) and transthoracic two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography (Kontron Sigma 1). This study was conducted during a training course organized by the French Federation of Subaquatic Sports at Minorca (Balearic Islands). Ten breath-hold divers performed repeated breath-hold dives for periods ranging from 2 to 6 h [mean maximum depth 35 meters of seawater (msw)]. A dive computer (Maestro Pro Beuchat, analyst PC interface) was used to record diving patterns. No circulating bubbles were detected in the right heart cavities (2D echocardiography) or in the pulmonary artery (continuous Doppler). However, this study had some limits: only 10 subjects were studied and the earliest detection was 3 min after immersion, further studies will thus be required.
authors.affiliation: Service de Reanimation Medicale et d'Hyperbarie, Hopital Salvator, Marseilles, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boussuges
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdellaoui
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gardette
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sainty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004242:Diving; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D012119:Respiration; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler