title: Detomidine-butorphanol-propofol for carotid artery translocation and castration or ovariectomy in goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of propofol, after detomidine-butorphanol premedication, for induction and anesthetic maintenance for carotid artery translocation and castration or ovariectomy in goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine 4-month-old Spanish goats (17.1 +/- 2.6 kg) were used to evaluate propofol anesthesia for carotid artery translocation and castration or ovariectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Goats were premedicated with detomidine (10 micrograms/kg intramuscularly [i.m.]) and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg i.m.) and induced with an initial bolus of propofol (3 to 4 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]). If necessary for intubation, additional propofol was given in 5-mg (i.v.) increments. Propofol infusion (0.3 mg/kg/min i.v.) was used to maintain anesthesia, and oxygen was insufflated (5 L/min). The infusion rate was adjusted to maintain an acceptable anesthetic plane as determined by movement, muscle relaxation, ocular signs, response to surgery, and cardiopulmonary responses. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures, heart rate (HR), ECG, respiratory rate (RR), SpO2, and rectal temperature (T) were recorded every 5 minutes postinduction; arterial blood gas samples were collected every 15 minutes. Normally distributed data are represented as mean +/- SD; other data are medians (range).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Propofol (4.3 +/- 0.9 mg/kg/min i.v.) produced smooth, rapid (15.2 +/- 6 sec) sternal recumbency. Propofol infusion (0.52 +/- 0.11 mg/kg/min i.v.) maintained anesthesia. Mean anesthesia time was 83 +/- 15 minutes. Muscle relaxation was good; eye signs indicated surgical anesthesia; two goats moved before surgery began; one goat moved twice during laparotomy. Means are reported over the course of the data collection period. Means during the anesthesia for pHa (arterial PH), PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, and BE (base excess) ranged from 7.233 +/- 0.067 to 7.319 +/- 0.026, 54.1 +/- 4.6 to 65.3 +/- 12.0 mm Hg, 133.1 +/- 45.4 to 183.8 +/- 75.1 mm Hg, 26.9 +/- 2.6 to 28.2 +/- 2.1 mEq/L, and -0.8 +/- 2.9 to 1.4 +/- 2.2 mEq/L. Means over time for MAP were 53 +/- 12 to 85 +/- 21 mm Hg. Mean HR varied over time from 81 +/- 6 to 91 +/- 11 beats/minute; mean RR, from 9 +/- 8 to 15 +/- 5 breaths/minute; SpO2 from 97 +/- 3% to 98 +/- 3%; mean T, from 36.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C to 39.1 +/- 0.7 degrees C. Over time, SpO2 and SaO2 did not change significantly; HR, RR, T, and PaCO2 decreased significantly; SAP, DAP, MAP, pHa, PaO2, and BE increased significantly. HCO3- concentrations increased significantly, peaking at 45 minutes. Recoveries were smooth and rapid; the time from the end of propofol infusion to extubation was 7.3 +/- 3 minutes, to sternal was 9.2 +/- 5 minutes, and to standing was 17.7 +/- 4 minutes. Median number of attempts to stand was two (range of one to four). Postoperative pain was mild to moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detomidine-butorphanol-propofol provided good anesthesia for carotid artery translocation and neutering in goats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detomidine-butorphanol-propofol anesthesia with oxygen insufflation may be safely used for surgical intervention in healthy goats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hartsfield
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007093:Imidazoles; C041255:detomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D015742:Propofol