title: Changing trends in frequency and antimicrobial resistance of urinary pathogens in outpatient clinics and a hospital in Southern Israel, 1991-1995.
abstract: In order to monitor changes in the frequency and antimicrobial resistance of urinary pathogens over several years, urinary cultures received from outpatient clinics and from a hospital during a period of one month each in 1991 and 1995 were analyzed at a clinical microbiology laboratory. In 1991 and 1995, 1366 and 1534 significant monomicrobic cultures respectively were reviewed. The frequency of Escherichia coli dropped significantly in the outpatient clinics from 70.5% to 61.2% (p < 0.0001). The frequency of Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria also decreased, but the frequency of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. increased from 2.6% to 5.8% (p < 0.0001). In the hospital, the frequency of Enterobacter spp. (p < 0.04), Escherichia coli and Morganella morganii declined from 1991 to 1995, whereas the frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p = 0.001), Acinetobacter spp. (p < 0.05), Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis and other gram-negative rods increased considerably. The frequency of gram-positive aerobic bacteria rose markedly in outpatient specimens from 6.1% to 13.5% (p < 0.0001), while a decline from 14.4% to 9.3% was noted in hospital specimens (p < 0.02). A significant rise in the resistance of Escherichia coli to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (p < 0.0001) was detected in outpatient isolates. In the hospital, gram-negative urinary pathogens demonstrated increased resistance to ampicillin (p = 0.042), cefuroxime (p = 0.005), gentamicin (p = 0.002) and ciprofloxacin (p < 0.0001) during the study period. The changing etiology of urinary tract infections and the increasing resistance of organisms indicate that periodic monitoring and possibly also modification of empirical therapy are required.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riesenberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlaeffer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yagupsky
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy