title: Effect of KN-62, a selective inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent kinase II, on mouse oocyte activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine the association of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) with oocyte activation and to explore the network of protein kinases during mammalian fertilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse M-II oocytes were collected after superovulation induced by PMSG-hCG injection. The oocytes were inseminated or artificially activated by Ca ionophore (A23187) or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The effects of KN-62, a specific and selective inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, on second polar body emission (2PBE), pronuclear formation (PF), and cortical granule exocytosis (CGE) during fertilization or after artificial oocyte activation were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KN-62 inhibited 2PBE and PF after sperm or Ca ionophore inducing activation. Additionally, PF was inhibited by KN-62 after TPA activation, whereas KN-62 did not inhibit CGE in any case. KN-04, an inactive form of KN-62, did not inhibit significantly 2PBE, CGE, or PF. When oocytes were exposed to KN-62 after Ca ionophore or TPA activation, no inhibitory effects on 2PBE or PF were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CaMKII activation that occurs after fertilization or artificial activation of mouse oocytes is presumably secondary to increases in the intracellular free calcium concentration. As determined by the use of inhibitor, CaMKII activity is associated with 2PBE and PF but not with CGE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Chuo Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakatogawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007476:Ionophores; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C065344:KN 04; D000001:Calcimycin; C063302:KN 62; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases