title: Influence of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation on intubating conditions and sympathoadrenal response to tracheal intubation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aimed to assess the relative influence of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation on intubating conditions and the haemodynamic and catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA 1 or 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (15 patients each) that differed in the depth of anaesthesia (thiopentone plus fentanyl 2.5 microg x kg(-1) or thiopentone alone) and the degree of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block (100% or > or =65%) at intubation. Muscle relaxation was measured at 0.1 Hz by means of mechanomyography. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured before and after induction of anaesthesia, and 1 min and 5 min following intubation, while adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline concentrations (NA) were determined from arterial blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intubating conditions were improved primarily by providing complete muscle relaxation at the adductor pollicis muscle (P<0.001) and to a lesser extent by adding fentanyl to thiopentone (P=0.04). The response of HR and MAP to tracheal intubation was attenuated mainly by fentanyl (P<0.001). Complete muscle relaxation further diminished the response of MAP to intubation (P=0.03). Changes in A and NA were dependent on the depth of anaesthesia only (P < or =0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study demonstrate that the sympathoadrenal response to intubation is attenuated by adding fentanyl (2.5 X kg[-1]) to an induction regimen with thiopentone, whereas provision of complete muscle relaxation at the adductor pollicis muscle is necessary to attain smooth intubating conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sparr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ladner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deusch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide