title: Survey of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Casablanca, Morocco.
abstract: METHODS
  In 1990, a 6-month short-course regimen (2 SHRZ/4 RH) was introduced for the treatment of tuberculosis in Morocco.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of the national tuberculosis control programme, a prospective study of primary drug resistance was conducted from April 1992 to July 1994 in Casablanca.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 402 strains isolated from 402 patients living in Casablanca with no previous history of tuberculosis was included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of primary drug resistance to at least one drug was 23.9%; it was 19.7% to streptomycin, 11.4% to isoniazid, and 8.2% to both streptomycin and isoniazid. The rates of resistance to rifampicin and ethambutol were both less than 1%. The survey was divided into two periods of 14 months each. The rates of primary drug resistance increased from 21.1% to 27.6% during these two periods (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.43; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.88 to 2.32); this increase occurred only for streptomycin (15.9% to 24.7%, OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Casablanca has risen in recent years to an ominous level. Urgent measures are needed in order to interrupt this trend.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: el Baghdadi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazraq
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrahimy
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bouayad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guinet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benslimane
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents