title: Multiple elements regulate GAD65 transcription.
abstract: GAD65 and GAD67, the two forms of GABA-synthesizing enzyme, are usually coexpressed, but their levels are regulated independently. The GAD67 promoter has been described. We have now characterized transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5' flanking region of the GAD65 gene, extending 2.4 kb from the ATG translation initiation site. Primer extension assays revealed that transcription begins at -228 in both adult rat brain and in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, with additional start sites at -280 in brain and at -360 in P19 cells. These sites are in a GC-rich (72%) region lacking a TATA box. Transient transfection assays revealed that the basal promoter is between -740 and -60, and elements conferring cell-type specificity are further 5'. DNA sequences between -1652 and -1420 can 'silence' transcription from a heterologous promoter. GAD65 and GAD67 promoters share little sequence identity, consistent with differences in their transcriptional regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1761, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pinal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cortessis
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tobin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D054278:Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase