title: Septum orbitale: high-resolution MR in orbital anatomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether MR imaging, with the use of a surface coil, can accurately show small intraorbital structures; in particular, the septum orbitale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examinations of 26 patients who underwent unilateral orbital high-resolution MR imaging for different indications were evaluated to differentiate the septum orbitale from related structures, such as the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae, the superior tarsal (Müller's) muscle, and the superior orbital (Whitnall's) ligament.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A subtle differentiation of the septum orbitale was obtained in 23 patients (88%) and of the levator aponeurosis and Müller's muscle in 24 patients (92%). The orbicularis oculi muscle and the submuscular fibroadipose tissue were reliably identified in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution MR imaging is suitable for differentiating small intraorbital structures. Nevertheless, an exact depiction of the septum orbitale remains very much dependent on the cooperation of the patient. The site of orbital disease can be determined precisely and in a noninvasive manner in relation to the septum orbitale.
authors.affiliation: Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Virchow Klinikum der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosten
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zwicker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis; D003884:Dermoid Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies