title: Nitric oxide may trigger lactation in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether nitric oxide is synthesized in the breast and plays a role in lactation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of biopterin, neopterin, and the total concentration of nitrite plus nitrate, a marker for nitric oxide generation were measured in 242 samples of breast milk obtained from 39 women during postpartum days 1 to 30. The total concentration of nitrite plus nitrate was measured in 17 sets of breast milk and serum obtained from 17 women on postpartum day 4 or 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The total concentration of nitrite plus nitrate rose and peaked just before an increase in the volume of milk secreted was observed. (2) The total concentration of nitrite plus nitrate in breast milk was not correlated with that in the serum. (3) High levels of neopterin and biopterin were found in breast milk. (4) The volume of breast milk on day 5 was correlated with the total concentration of nitrite plus nitrate observed in breast milk on days 1 to 3. (5) The total concentration of nitrite plus nitrate in the breast milk of the high secretors significantly exceeded that seen in the low secretors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that nitric oxide is synthesized in the breast and may trigger lactation in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minatogawa
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001708:Biopterins / Q000032:analysis; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D019798:Neopterin / Q000032:analysis; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D049590:Postpartum Period; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D001708:Biopterins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019798:Neopterin