title: Antihypertensive agents that limit ventricular hypertrophy inhibit cardiac expression of insulin-like growth factor-I.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a generalized adaptation to altered myocardial load. Hypertension induces significant increases in ventricular IGF-I gene expression that occur coordinately with development of LVH. To test whether IGF-I promotes initiation of LVH, we examined ventricular IGF-I mRNA content in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with antihypertensive drugs that limit or permit LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prehypertensive SHRs were left untreated or treated with enalapril, nifedipine, or hydralazine. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertrophy index (ventricular weight/body weight), and ventricular IGF-I mRNA levels were examined 2, 4, and 6 weeks after beginning therapy in the experimental groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure reached hypertensive levels after 2 weeks in untreated animals, and was controlled in the treated animals. The hypertrophy index in untreated animals was significantly elevated at 4 weeks. By 6 weeks, the hypertrophy indices of both the enalapril- and nifedipine-treated groups were significantly lower than that of the untreated group. In contrast, the hypertrophy index of the hydralazine-treated animals remained comparable to that of the untreated animals. By 4 weeks, IGF-I mRNA levels in the enalapril- and nifedipine-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the untreated and hydralazine-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that: (1) antihypertensive drugs that reduce LVH blunt ventricular IGF-I mRNA content; and (2) the hemodynamic effects of antihypertensives may be dissociated from their ability to promote or limit a hypertrophic response. The clear association of LVH with ventricular IGF-I mRNA content suggests that IGF-I is an important determinant of ventricular growth. Our data also suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers may reduce LVH by inhibiting cardiac IGF-I gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dworkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lango
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Catanese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006830:Hydralazine; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004656:Enalapril; D009543:Nifedipine