title: Sulindac sulfide induces several subpopulations of colon cancer cells, defined by PCNA/Ki-67 and DNA strand breaks.
abstract: We assessed the effect of sulindac sulfide (SS), a colon cancer chemopreventive agent, on the proliferation and apoptosis in the colon cancer cell lines HCT-15 and HT-29. We applied a triparameter flow cytometric analysis that simultaneously determined DNA content, expression of Ki-67 or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and extent of DNA strand breaks by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling). HCT-15 and HT-29 cells were exposed to SS 200 microM and 175 microM, respectively, for up to 72 h. As expected, SS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. SS also induced several subpopulations of cells defined by their expression of proliferation markers and DNA strand breaks. By 72 h the rapidly proliferating cells [PCNA/Ki-67(+)/TUNEL(-)] were reduced from > 90% to about one third. Of the remaining cells, about one third were apoptotic [PCNA/Ki-67(-)/TUNEL(+)] and one third were quiescent [PCNA/Ki-67(-)/TUNEL(-)]. Another subpopulation was detected that was PCNA/Ki-67(+)/TUNEL(+), some had a dominant subdiploid peak and over half were in S or G2/M phases by DNA content. Thus, a subpopulation of apoptotic cells strongly expressed PCNA and Ki-67, suggesting that their specificity as proliferation markers may need reassessment. Similar results were obtained with the HL-60 promyelocytic cell line.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn 11215, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shiff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rigas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D013467:Sulindac / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D013467:Sulindac; C025462:sulindac sulfide