title: Effects of a dimeric vs a monomeric nonionic contrast medium on renal function in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
abstract: The efficacy and safety of nonionic dimeric contrast media in subjects with impaired renal function is largely unknown. The present study was aimed at determining the risk of tubular nephrotoxicity in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency who underwent intravenous urography (IVU) with the nonionic dimeric contrast agent iodixanol (Visipaque, Nycomed Imaging, Oslo, Norway). In a double-blind protocol 64 patients (55 males; mean age 68.3 years) with serum creatinine between 135 and 265 micromol/l who were to undergo IVU were randomized to receive iodixanol (a nonionic dimer) or iopromide (a nonionic monomer), 600 mg I/kg b. w. Renal function was evaluated before and 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after IVU with analysis of serum creatinine, urinary enzymes alanylaminopeptidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and urinary microproteins alpha-1-microglobulin and albumin. Renal function remained stable in both contrast medium groups during the follow-up period. No statistically significant differences were observed between the monomer and the dimer in terms of urinary enzyme and microprotein excretion or serum creatinine. Transient radiocontrast-induced nephropathy developed in 1 patient who had received iodixanol. The administration of the nonionic dimeric contrast medium iodixanol, or of the nonionic monomer iopromide, entailed a low nephrotoxic potential in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency undergoing excretory urography.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicina Clinica, Ospedale di Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34 149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malalan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antonione
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stacul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Assante
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grynne
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Faccini
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000652:urine; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D003404:Creatinine; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D018826:CD13 Antigens; C044834:iodixanol