title: [The radiological exam of the chest in the elderly. Technical and methodological considerations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the capabilities of chest radiography in the elderly considering that the examination must meet the main clinical indications of this population and that it is necessary in the elderly because the correct clinical assessment is often difficult or impossible.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the chest radiographs of 756 consecutive elderly patients admitted to our hospital from September 1 to October 31, 1996. If possible, chest radiographs were performed with the AMBER technique (156 patients, 20.7%); 240 patients (31.7%) underwent conventional radiography and the others frontal projections only (360 patients, 47.6%). T-MAT G RA Kodak high contrast films with Kodak Lanex green transmitting intensifying screens were used in all cases. The AMBER examinations of 48/156 patients with hemodynamic clinical indications were repeated with conventional frontal projections. Radiographic reports were made separately by different radiologists who considered especially the diagnostic accuracy of every examination in determining the venous overload of pulmonary circulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic studies are the most frequent clinical indication of chest radiography in elderly patients (228/756 patients in our series, 30.2%); moreover, even if careful cardiac and pulmonary circulation studies are very important in these patients, only 52.4% of all radiographs could be made in two orthogonal projections. The blurred appearance of vascular landmarks indicating increased extravascular fluid is better depicted by conventional radiography (59.7% of cases) than by AMBER (40.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the reduced pulmonary contrast obtained with the so-called "hard X-ray" technique poorly depicts the blurred appearance of pulmonary vessels in pulmonary venous overload. Moreover, "hard X-ray" techniques can be only sporadically used because elderly patients are often in very critical conditions, which prevents this type of examination.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Radiologia, U.L.S.S. 17, Este-Montagnana, PD.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schiavon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nardini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tregnaghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Favat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergamo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging