title: Peripheral afferent stimulation of decentralized sympathetic neurons activates lipolysis in spinal cord-injured subjects.
abstract: Spinal cord-injured (SCI) subjects exhibit a normal lipolytic rate despite the failure of centrally mediated sympathoexcitatory stimuli to activate lipolysis. Peripheral afferent stimulation below the lesion level induces an exaggerated autonomic reaction in SCI with lesion levels above T5, ie, so-called autonomic dysreflexia. The metabolic effects of induced dysreflexia were investigated in five SCI subjects (age, 35 +/- 8 years; duration of paresis, 15 +/- 7.5 years [mean +/- SD]; lesion level, T3 to T4, n = 2, C7, n = 3) following bladder stimulation. Subcutaneous glycerol concentrations were measured by microdialysis above and below the lesion level. Diurnal plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline levels were continuously monitored in seven SCI subjects (lesion level T3 to T4, n = 2; C4 to C7, n = 5). Bladder stimulation resulted in an increased mean arterial pressure ([MAP] 81 +/- 8 to 114 +/- 11 mm Hg, P < .05), a decreased heart rate (70 +/- 3 to 54 +/- 4 beats/min, P < .05), and an increased plasma NA (0.70 +/- 0.49 v 3.27 +/- 1.56 nmol/L, P < .05). Interstitial glycerol was increased in the decentralized region (89 +/- 12 to 135 +/- 21 mumol/L, P < .05), whereas no reaction was found in the centrally innervated region. Plasma concentrations of glycerol and insulin increased. Diurnal monitoring showed periods of increased plasma NA sufficient to induce lipolysis (> 1.4 nmol/L) during 20% of the registration period. The data suggest that peripheral afferent stimulation below the lesion level increases NA release and activates lipolysis and that frequent episodes of activation are found in SCI subjects with tetraplegia or high paraplegia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elam
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Attvall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lönnroth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005990:Glycerol; D009638:Norepinephrine