title: Macroorchidism in FMR1 knockout mice is caused by increased Sertoli cell proliferation during testicular development.
abstract: The fragile X syndrome is the most frequent hereditary form of mental retardation. This X-linked disorder is, in most cases, caused by an unstable and expanding trinucleotide CGG repeat located in the 5'-untranslated region of the gene involved, the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Expansion of the CGG repeat to a length of more than 200 trinucleotides results in silencing of the FMR1 gene promoter and, thus, in an inactive gene. The clinical features of male fragile X patients include mental retardation, autistiform behavior, and characteristic facial features. In addition, macroorchidism is observed. To study the role of Sertoli cell proliferation and FSH signal transduction in the occurrence of macroorchidism in fragile X males, we made use of an animal model for the fragile X syndrome, an Fmr1 knockout mouse. The results indicate that in male Fmr1 knockout mice, the rate of Sertoli cell proliferation is increased from embryonic day 12 to 15 days postnatally. The onset and length of the period of Sertoli cell proliferation were not changed compared with those in the control males. Serum levels of FSH, FSH receptor messenger RNA expression, and short term effects of FSH on Sertoli cell function, as measured by down-regulation of FSH receptor messenger RNA, were not changed. We conclude that macroorchidism in Fmr1 knockout male mice is caused by an increased rate of Sertoli cell proliferation. This increase does not appear to be the result of a major change in FSH signal transduction in Fmr1 knockout mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Slegtenhorst-Eegdeman
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: de Rooij
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhoef-Post
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van de Kant
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oostra
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grootegoed
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Themmen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008938:Mitosis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011962:Receptors, FSH / Q000502:physiology; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011962:Receptors, FSH; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse