title: Wooden foreign bodies in soft tissue: detection at US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of ultrasound (US) for detection of wooden foreign bodies implanted in cadaveric specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wooden foreign bodies were randomly placed in the plantar soft tissues of three cadaver feet by using 5-mm-long incisions. Ten foreign bodies were 2.5 x 1.0 mm (length x diameter); 10 were 5.0 x 1.0 mm. Ten incisions were performed without implantation of foreign bodies. Three musculoskeletal radiologists independently performed US in blinded fashion and recorded the presence of a foreign body. Each used 7.5- and 10-MHz linear-array transducers and was informed of the possible presence of a foreign body.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and specificity for detection of 2.5-mm-long foreign bodies were 86.7% and 96.7%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of 5.0-mm-long foreign bodies were 93.3% and 96.7%, respectively. Overall sensitivity was 90.0%, with specificity of 96.7%, accuracy of 92.3%, positive predictive value of 98.0%, and negative predictive value of 83.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US can be used effectively to locate wooden foreign bodies as small as 2.5 mm in length. Given that many foreign bodies are radiographically undetectable, the accuracy and availability of US make it an excellent modality for evaluation of radiolucent foreign bodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bouffard
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: van Holsbeeck
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D005528:Foot; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014934:Wood