Less common oral lesions associated with HIV infection: prevalence and classification.
This paper deals with a number of group II and III lesions, ie lesions definitely but less commonly, and lesions possibly associated with HIV infection, respectively. Salivary gland disease includes dry mouth and/or swelling of major salivary glands, often as a part of CD8-lymphocytosis syndrome. Xerostomia occurs commonly (2-10%) in HIV-infected individuals. Enlargement of the major salivary glands occurs frequently (19%) among HIV-infected children, but rarely among adults (0.8%). The major salivary glands show lymphoepithelial lesions or cysts histopathologically. Hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa was found in 2.2% of 1710 HIV+ individuals in seven studies. The hyperpigmentation has been ascribed to a number of medicaments, and possibly to HIV. The prevalence of pigmentation is not significantly higher among HIV+ than HIV- individuals. Thrombocytopenia frequently occurs in HIV infection. Oral petechiae were reported in 2% of 1121 HIV+ in five studies. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection occurred in 1.1% of 989 HIV+ in seven studies. Drug reactions (white lichenoid lesions, ulceration, toxic epidermal necrolysis) have been reported in a number of cases, not allowing prevalence figures. However certain drugs, notably Foscarnet, Interferon and 2,3-dideoxycytidine, may frequently cause oral ulcerations. Oral neurologic manifestations such as peripheral facial paralysis and sensory neuropathy have been reported in a few cases or series only.
Schiødt
M
M
Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Hillerød Central Hospital, Denmark.
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000145:classification; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000209:etiology