title: Ribosome shunting in cauliflower mosaic virus. Identification of an essential and sufficient structural element.
abstract: A wheat germ cell-free system was used to study details of ribosome shunting promoted by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S RNA leader. By testing a dicistronic construct with the leader placed between two coding regions, we confirmed that the 35 S RNA leader does not include an internal ribosome entry site of the type observed with picornavirus RNAs. A reporter gene fused to the leader was shown to be expressed by ribosomes that had followed the bypass route (shunted) and, with lower efficiency, by ribosomes that had scanned through the whole region. Stem section 1, the most stable of the three stem sections of the leader, was shown to be an important structural element for shunting. Mutations that abolished formation of this stem section drastically reduced reporter gene expression, whereas complementary mutations that restored stem section 1 also restored shunting. A micro-leader capable of shunting consisting of stem section 1 and flanking sequences could be defined. A small open reading frame preceding stem section 1 enhances shunting.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Miescher-Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ryabova
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pooggin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Puchta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fütterer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hohn
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D017796:Caulimovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase