title: Sublingual lorazepam as premedication in peribulbar anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of sublingual lorazepam in inducing amnesia when used as a premedication for peribulbar anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology in a large district general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following local ethical committee approval, a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of patients having routine cataract or glaucoma surgery under local anesthetic was undertaken. Patients older than 90 years of age or who were frail, confused, or unfit for surgery were excluded, as were those who weighed less than 50 kg, swallowed the tablet, or had missing data. Sixty volunteer patients were randomly given 1 mg of lorazepam or a placebo tablet by sublingual route 1 hour preoperatively. All patients were assessed for sedation, akinesia, intraoperative analgesia, and patient response including amnesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between groups in sedation, analgesia, or akinesia. Overall patient response was better in the lorazepam group (P = .05). Patient-reported incidence of amnesia was significantly higher in the lorazepam than in the placebo group (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sublingual lorazepam improved patient comfort by inducing amnesia, and in the low dose used in this study, did not adversely affect surgery by undue heavy sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Woolos Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Ghanchi
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D018463:Filtering Surgery; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008012:Lidocaine; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D008140:Lorazepam; D002045:Bupivacaine