title: Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux by subureteric Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) injection: review of 6-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was first proposed in 1981 and the first series of patients treated by subureteric polytetrafluoroethylene paste injection (STING) was reported in 1984. Although many successful studies, primarily European, have been undertaken since then, this technique has recently been rejected in the United States. In this paper, we report our 6-year experience and discuss indications for this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since February 1990, we have used the STING technique to endoscopically correct VUR. In this analysis, 38 ureters in 24 patients (mean age, 47.3 years; range, 7 to 79 years), with at least 1 year of follow-up were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first injection resulted in disappearance of VUR in 34 ureters (89.5%). A second injection was done for 2 failed and 3 recurrent ureters during follow-up, resulting in disappearance of VUR in the 3 recurrent ureters. The final success rates were 100% for both primary VUR and secondary VUR due to neurogenic bladder, but only 55.6% (5/9) for secondary VUR following transurethral resection of bladder tumors. No postoperative early or delayed complications were noted in any case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure is simple and effective for the treatment of all grades of VUR. However, the procedure should be performed after careful consideration of the indications, since theoretically the risk of distant migration of the paste cannot be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsugawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene