title: Body fat distribution and race differences in apolipoprotein A1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is the first study to assess the role of waist-to-hip ratio in explaining race differences in levels of serum apolipoprotein A1, a protective risk factor for atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear regression analyses were used in a community-based survey of 3,043 adults (23.5% African-American) to assess associations of race, age, anthropometric measures, education, diabetes, blood pressure medication use, cigarette smoking, and leisure-time physical activity with apolipoprotein A1 levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher apolipoprotein A1 levels were observed among African-American than among white adults (African-American men: +15.6 mg/dl than white men, African-American women: +3.1 mg/dl more than white women; p < 0.05). Waist-to-hip ratio and other variables did not account for race differences among men. African-American women had +8.6 mg/dl higher levels than white women after adjustment for differing distributions of waist-to-hip ratio, age, body mass index and education. Cigarette smoking, physical activity, and medical history accounted for no further differences among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of obesity indicators and lower educational attainment among African-American women reduced a potentially greater beneficial race difference in apolipoprotein A1. These findings also suggest that other environmental and biochemical factors may play roles in explaining the higher protective levels of apolipoprotein A1 observed among African-American children and adults.
authors.affiliation: South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Macera
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000208:ethnology*; D003625:Data Collection; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I