title: Rearing with males accelerates onset of sexual maturity in female domestic fowl.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of male presence on sexual maturation and sexual responses toward humans in laying strain females. In Experiment 1, two flocks of 50 medium-hybrid females were reared without males (separate-sex) and two flocks with males (mixed-sex) from 1 d of age. Mixed-sex females came into lay sooner and laid more eggs up to 22 wk of age than separate-sex females (P < 0.05). Comb size was also greater in mixed-sex females at 15 and 20 wk of age (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, six replicate groups per treatment with n = 10 females per group were reared in separate-sex, mixed-sex, or adjacent to mixed-sex groups. Rearing adjacent to mixed-sex groups, which allowed visual and auditory contact with males, was just as effective for accelerating sexual maturation as was rearing in mixed-sex groups. Females reared in and adjacent to mixed-sex groups began to lay earlier (P < 0.05) and had larger combs (P < 0.05) than separate-sex females. However, after 22 wk of age, egg production rates of separate-sex females surpassed those of mixed-sex and adjacent females, resulting in similar numbers of eggs produced through 30 wk of age (P > 0.10). During tests for sexual responsiveness to humans, over 80% of females in separate-sex and adjacent to mixed-sex groups assumed a sexual crouch, whereas less than 20% of females in mixed-sex groups crouched (P < 0.001, chi-square). The degree of contact with males during rearing affected the females' physiological measures of reproductive function differently than behavioral measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. twidowski@APS.UoGuelph.CA
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Widowski
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lo Fo Wong
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*; D012919:Social Behavior