title: Decrease in peripheral type 1 over type 2 T cell cytokine production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis correlates with an increase in severity of disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare peripheral type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) T cell activities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with that found for osteoarthritic (OA) patients and healthy controls and to correlate peripheral T1/T2 cell activity in RA with parameters of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with RA (n = 66), OA (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 15). Primary T cell activity in these mononuclear cells was enhanced by means of anti-CD3/anti-CD28, which mimicks stimulation of T cells by activation of the T cell receptor and a major co-stimulatory signal. Interferon gamma (IFN gamma) production and interleukin 4 (IL4) production in the three groups were quantified as measures of T1 and T2 cell activity, respectively, and compared. Serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and joint destruction assessed radiographically of RA patients were determined as parameters of disease activity and correlated with T1/T2 cell activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral T cells from RA patients produced significantly less IFN gamma and more IL4 than T cells from both age and sex matched OA patients and healthy controls. Moreover, in RA patients both a decrease in IFN gamma and an increase in IL4 production correlated with an increase in serum TNF alpha, ESR, CRP, and joint destruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a role for differential T cell activity in RA. In view of the intra-articular T1 cell predominance the results might be explained by selective T1 cell migration into the joint or peripheral suppression of T1 cell activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Roon
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: van Roy
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gmelig-Meyling
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Huber-Bruning
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Lafeber
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology*; D001175:Arthrography; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002097:C-Reactive Protein