title: Phacoemulsification and lens implantation after pars plana vitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the intraoperative and postoperative complications and visual acuity outcomes of patients undergoing Kelman phacoemulsification (KPE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a retrospective review of a consecutive surgical series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four eyes of 43 patients who underwent surgery at the Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, or Advanced Vision Care, West Hills, California, were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Office records, referring retina specialists' records, and operative reports were reviewed for demographic information, indications for PPV, preoperative cataract severity, unplanned intraoperative events and complications, early and late postoperative complications, and postoperative visual acuities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complications and postoperative visual acuities were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean interval from PPV to KPE was 20 months. The mean interval from KPE to final examination was 19 months. Primary indications for PPV included development of a macular epiretinal membrane, macular hole, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, vitreous abscess, and vitreous hemorrhage. The degree of nuclear sclerosis in postvitrectomy eyes was greater than that in typical cataract eyes (P = 0.00002). The most common intraoperative problem was the discovery of a posterior capsule plaque. In a few cases, surgery was made difficult by unusual fluctuations in anterior chamber depth and lens zonule instability. The most common early postoperative complication was corneal edema; the most common late complication was the need for neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy. An IOL was implanted in every eye. There were no retinal detachments. Median visual acuity improved from 20/125 before cataract surgery to 20/40 6 weeks after surgery to 20/30 on final examination. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved by 63.6% of eyes at 6 weeks and by 72.7% of eyes by final examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kelman phacoemulsification and IOL implantation can be performed safely after PPV. Intraoperative and postoperative complications are uncommon. Pre-existing posterior segment pathology limits the ultimate improvement in visual acuity, but substantial gains in visual acuity are realized by most patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Y O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Grusha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masket
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery