title: Growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in the malignant progression of glial tumors: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We review the role of peptide growth factors in angiogenesis and progression of low grade glial tumors to higher grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vascular pathology is a key feature of glioblastoma multiforme characterized by hypervascularity, vascular permeability, and hypercoagulability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can mediate all of these effects, but by itself does not promote malignant growth. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are implicated in the angiogenesis of a number of tumors including those of glial origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These growth factors are suggested to play a role in autocrine and/or paracrine mediated tumorogenesis of astrocytic tumors. VEGF secretion might be the product of induction by physiologic concentrations of other growth factors with VEGF being the common pathway of neovascularization and progression to GBM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Loyola University of Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D008222:Lymphokines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor