title: Bioenergetics of rat prostate cancer cell migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased cell motility and increased glycolysis are two well-known hallmarks of cancer. We undertook these studies to determine whether increased glycolysis is required for prostate cancer cell locomotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the highly metastatic MatLu cell line, which is a variant of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma model. Using videomicroscopy and computer image analysis, we compared the speed of migration of cells grown in serum-free medium in either the presence or absence of glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that cells grown in glucose-free, conditioned medium maintained speeds of migration and intracellular ATP levels for 24 hr which were equivalent to those of cells grown in conditioned medium containing glucose. In contrast, migration was significantly inhibited by growth in glucose-free, unconditioned medium. We also tested the effect of antimycin A and rotenone, two inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport, on cell migration and ATP levels. Antimycin A had no significant effect on either feature, while rotenone slightly inhibited cell migration without affecting ATP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) Glycolysis is not necessary for rat prostate cancer cell locomotion in the presence of conditioned medium. 2) MatLu cells grown in the absence of both serum and conditioned medium require glucose to maintain cellular ATP levels and cell migration. 3) MatLu cells in conditioned medium adapt to inhibition of glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration by increasing the activity of the uninhibited pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kouvroukoglou
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lakkis
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zygourakis
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Epner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006019:Glycolysis; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007773:Lactates; D012402:Rotenone; D000968:Antimycin A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate