title: Regulation of thrombosis and hemostasis by antithrombin.
abstract: In this article, three cases, with antithrombin (AT) abnormality "Toyama" (type IIb), AT abnormality "Aomori" (type IIa), and congenital AT deficiency (type I) with pregnancy and delivery managed with administration of both AT concentrates and low-molecular-weight heparin, are described. Additionally, a case of AT-producing hepatocellular carcinoma, the first case in the world literature, is reported. Following these clinical reports, the development of AT studies on heparin cofactor II, characteristics of the vessel wall related to coagulation-fibrinolysis, and the development of the treatment of thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin and herbal drugs are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama City, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakuragawa
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020152:Antithrombin III Deficiency; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; D000990:Antithrombin III