title: Alterations of PTEN/MMAC1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, and its homologue, PTH2, in small cell lung cancer cell lines.
abstract: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 10q23-q25 is frequent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), indicating the presence of putative tumor suppressor genes. PTEN/ MMAC1, a newly cloned candidate tumor suppressor gene at 10q23, was mutated in multiple human cancers. We investigated whether mutations of PTEN/MMAC1 play an important role in SCLC tumorigenesis. We examined 16 SCLC cell lines for PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA expression by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and potential mutations by sequencing analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 coding region. No mutation was observed in PTEN/MMAC1 cDNAs in 15 cell lines expressing PTEN/MMAC1. One SCLC cell line, DMS79, did not have detectable PTEN/ MMAC1 expression. Importantly, we identified a novel homologue of PTEN/MMAC1, termed PTH2, localized to chromosome 9p21-q13 and containing only ten amino acid substitutions compared with the PTEN/MMAC1 coding region. However, because the putative initiation codon for PTEN/MMAC1 gene was changed to arginine in PTH2, the translational initiation site of PTH2 is very likely to differ from that of the PTEN/MMAC1. PTH2 was expressed in two normal lung tissues and two normal colon tissues, but in only four of 16 SCLC cell lines. A missense mutation in PTH2 was identified in a SCLC cell line that did not express PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA. Our data suggest that inactivation of PTEN/ MMAC1 is a rare event in SCLC tumorigenesis. However, the PTEN/MMAC1 homologue PTH2 may play a role in SCLC tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011506:Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human