title: [Prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly. A series of twelve cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prenatal ultrasound criteria of holoprosencephaly and their correlation with embryogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 12 cases of holoprosencephaly that have been discovered between January 1990 and June 1996 (eleven alobar holoprosencephalies and one semilobar holoprosencephaly) at La Grave Hospital, Toulouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, severe facial anomalies have been (cyclopia, cebocephaly or ethmocephaly). Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis was based on the association of brain anomalies (wide monoventricular cavity, thalami fusion, lacking of median structures) and facial dysmorphia (hypotelorism, orbital anomalies, median cleft lip ...). Finding microcephaly was a frequent sign of holoprosencephaly (64% of all cases). Chromosomal abnormalities have been found in 36% of the fetuses (Trisomy 13 is the most common). All patients underwent therapeutic abortions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvaginal sonography diagnosis can be made around the 14th to 16th week amenorrhea. An early diagnosis allows an easier pregnancy termination, when such severe anomalies are found. In order to provide genetic counseling, a cytogenetic study of the fetus is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Fédération de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU Toulouse-La Grave.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parant
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sarramon
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Delisle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fournié
mesh_terms: D000032:Abortion, Therapeutic; D000328:Adult; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*
vernacular_title: Diagnostic anténatal de l'holoprosencéphalie. A propos d'une série de 12 cas.