title: Na+-dependent and phlorizin-inhibitable transport of glucose and cycasin in brain endothelial cells.
abstract: Although cycasin (methylazoxymethanol beta-D-glucoside) is proposed to be a significant etiological factor for the prototypical neurodegenerative disorder Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex, the mechanism underlying transport of cycasin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is unknown. We examined cycasin transport in cultured bovine brain endothelial cells, a major element of the BBB. Cycasin was taken up into endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner with maximal uptake observed at a concentration of 10 microM. Cycasin uptake was significantly inhibited by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, a specific analogue for the Na+-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT), by the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin, by replacement of extracellular NaCl with LiCl, and by dinitrophenol (DNP), an inhibitor of energy metabolism. In addition, cycasin produced inward currents in a whole-cell voltage clamp configuration. Peak currents were observed at 10 microM with a trend toward reduction at higher concentrations, and currents were clearly blocked by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, phlorizin, and DNP. In addition, cycasin never evoked currents in Na+-free extracellular solution. These results suggest that cycasin is selectively transported across brain endothelial cells, possibly across the BBB by a Na+/energy-dependent glucose transporter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kisby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply; D003492:Cycasin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008757:Methylglucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008757:Methylglucosides; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D003571:Cytochalasin B; C027020:methylglucoside; D003492:Cycasin; D012964:Sodium; D010695:Phlorhizin; D005947:Glucose