title: A conformal index (COIN) to evaluate implant quality and dose specification in brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a new index (COIN) that can be easily understood and computed to assess high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy interstitial implant quality and dose specification and is an improvement on existing indexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The COIN index is based on an extension of dose-volume histograms and employs an analogous concept to that of cost-benefit analysis, which has already been applied to quality-of-life assessments for two alternative treatment protocols. The COIN index calculation methodology is shown for two cases: with and without critical structures. An analysis is given of dose distributions for two planning treatment volumes (PTV) of simple geometrical shape, applying both the rules of the Paris system and that of the "Offenbach" system. 40 patients who have received interstitial implants form the clinical material. With current HDR brachytherapy technology both for dose delivery, using remote afterloaders, and for three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning, it is now possible to relatively easily plan conformal brachytherapy treatments that would have been impossible with manual afterloading techniques and two-dimensional (2D) treatment planning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examples of the use of the COIN index are presented for experimental and clinical data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that COIN is a useful and practical index to improve the quality of treatment of interstitial brachytherapy implants. Further work will be undertaken with a larger population of implanted cancer patients and a subdivision of the results by treatment site.
authors.affiliation: Städtische Kliniken Offenbach, Strahlenklinik, Offenbach, Germany. dbaltas@compuserve.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baltas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kolotas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geramani
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mould
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kekchidi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamboglou
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000592:standards*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed