title: Relationship between esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and vertebral anomalies in mammalian embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and vertebral anomalies is well known, although the embryology of the combined defects has not yet been analysed. The present study describes the origin and development of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and vertebral anomalies in embryos using a rat model of VATER association produced by Adriamycin administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lung buds were seen to develop from the laryngotracheal groove but the trachea failed to grow normally and the foregut overgrowth compensated for this failure. The trachea developed by trachealization of the foregut, which continued as a fistula to the lower esophageal segment. The notochord did not separate from the foregut at the correct time (before day 11 in rat embryos, Carnegie stage 11 in human embryos). Overgrowth of the foregut ventrally and caudally carried with it the attached notochord in the same direction leading to abnormal bending of this structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This irregularity of the notochord may be responsible for abnormal development of the vertebrae.
authors.affiliation: F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasthorpe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutson
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000196:embryology*; D000818:Animals; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D009672:Notochord / Q000002:abnormalities; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin