title: Clinical perspectives in primary nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is prevalent among the pediatric population, but not all professionals are aware of the current research regarding the etiology and treatment of this disorder. This paper presents a broad overview of PNE, including etiology and evaluation, with a specific emphasis on treatment issues. The most current treatments (imipramine, desmopressin acetate arginine vasopressin, enuresis alarms) are discussed, including recent research on their effectiveness. In considering the recent data on long-term efficacy, overall cost, and safety, the treatment of choice appears to be the enuresis alarm for those families who are capable of following protocols. Desmopressin acetate arginine vasopressin is a safe alternative that has the advantage of quick response and ease of administration.
authors.affiliation: Utah State University, Logan, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gimpel
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Warzak
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Walburn
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004775:Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D012076:Renal Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; D007099:Imipramine