title: Human cytomegalovirus inhibits major histocompatibility complex class II expression by disruption of the Jak/Stat pathway.
abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that is able to persist for decades in its host. HCMV has evolved protean countermeasures for anti-HCMV cellular immunity that facilitate establishment of persistence. Recently it has been shown that HCMV inhibits interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated MHC class II expression, but the mechanism for this effect is unknown. IFN-gamma signal transduction (Jak/Stat pathway) and class II transactivator (CIITA) are required components for IFN-gamma-stimulated MHC class II expression. In this study, we demonstrate that both a clinical isolate and a laboratory strain of HCMV inhibit inducible MHC class II expression at the cell surface and at RNA level in human endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Moreover, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analyses demonstrate that neither CIITA nor interferon regulatory factor 1 are upregulated in infected cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays reveal a defect in IFN-gamma signal transduction, which was shown by immunoprecipitation to be associated with a striking decrease in Janus kinase 1 (Jak1) levels. Proteasome inhibitor studies with carboxybenzyl-leucyl-leucyl-leucine vinyl sulfone suggest an HCMV-associated enhancement of Jak1 protein degradation. This is the first report of a mechanism for the HCMV-mediated disruption of inducible MHC class II expression and a direct virus-associated alteration in Janus kinase levels. These findings are yet another example of the diverse mechanisms by which HCMV avoids immunosurveillance and establishes persistence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rahill
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lairmore
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Waldman
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sedmak
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; D053613:Janus Kinase 1