The 9E3/CEF4 gene and its product the chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (cCAF): potential roles in wound healing and tumor development.
The 9E3/CEF4 gene was one of the first inducible chemokine genes to be discovered. Its product, the chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (cCAF), is highly homologous to IL-8. It is expressed at low levels in tissues of mesenchymal origin but is highly expressed shortly after wounding and persists throughout the period of granulation tissue formation. It also is highly expressed around Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors. The most potent natural stimulator of this gene is thrombin and in vivo cCAF is chemotactic for monocytes and lymphocytes and is angiogenic. The chemotactic properties can be potentially important in the inflammatory response and in the deterrence of tumors, whereas the angiogenic properties could be important in wound repair and tumor growth. The very rapid stimulation of 9E3 by thrombin and fast synthesis and secretion of cCAF suggest that this is a new type of stress response protein whose rapid production is designed to protect tissues rather than individual cells.
Martins-Green
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Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA. mmgreen@ucracl.ucr.edu
Hanafusa
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D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D030161:Avian Proteins; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D016207:Cytokines; C071280:EMF-1 protein, Gallus gallus