title: Cell-free transport to distinct Golgi cisternae is compartment specific and ARF independent.
abstract: The small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) is absolutely required for coatomer vesicle formation on Golgi membranes but not for anterograde transport to the medial-Golgi in a mammalian in vitro transport system. This might indicate that the in vivo mechanism of intra-Golgi transport is not faithfully reproduced in vitro, or that intra-Golgi transport occurs by a nonvesicular mechanism. As one approach to distinguishing between these possibilities, we have characterized two additional cell-free systems that reconstitute transport to the trans-Golgi (trans assay) and trans-Golgi network (TGN assay). Like in vitro transport to the medial-Golgi (medial assay), transport to the trans-Golgi and TGN requires cytosol, ATP, and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). However, each assay has its own distinct characteristics of transport. The kinetics of transport to late compartments are slower, and less cytosol is needed for guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) to inhibit transport, suggesting that each assay reconstitutes a distinct transport event. Depletion of ARF from cytosol abolishes vesicle formation and inhibition by GTPgammaS, but transport in all assays is otherwise unaffected. Purified recombinant myristoylated ARF1 restores inhibition by GTPgammaS, indicating that the GTP-sensitive component in all assays is ARF. We also show that asymmetry in donor and acceptor membrane properties in the medial assay is a unique feature of this assay that is unrelated to the production of vesicles. These findings demonstrate that characteristics specific to transport between different Golgi compartments are reconstituted in the cell-free system and that vesicle formation is not required for in vitro transport at any level of the stack.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Happe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weidman
mesh_terms: D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D016466:CHO Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002474:Cell-Free System; D018699:Coated Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052066:N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014531:Uridine Diphosphate Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000502:physiology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C028391:G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014531:Uridine Diphosphate Galactose; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D052066:N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins; D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D000117:Acetylglucosamine; D005690:Galactose