title: Effects of pravastatin on chronic rejection of rat cardiac allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, inhibits coronary transplant vasculopathy in the clinical setting. To further delineate the immune modulatory effect of this agent, it was tested in a rat cardiac transplant model of chronic rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat heterotopic abdominal cardiac transplants were performed using a Lewis to Fischer 344 combination. Fischer 344 recipients received a brief course of cyclosporine to decrease the incidence of acute rejection. Experimental groups were treated with either high-dose (10 mg/kg) or low-dose (5 mg/kg) pravastatin for 120 days, while a control group did not receive pravastatin. The effect of pravastatin on chronic rejection of cardiac allografts was analyzed by histology, and the expression of laminin, fibronectin, macrophages, and T cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary transplant vasculopathy was inhibited in both groups of pravastatin-treated animals, as compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed that control animals had degraded laminin and fibronectin which paralleled the degree of tissue necrosis. In contrast, pravastatin-treated animals had modest amounts of extracellular matrix proteins retained within intermyocytes and endothelium, a pattern seen in native cardiac tissue. The pravastatin-treated groups also had fewer graft-infiltrating macrophages, specifically within the arterial intima and perivascular areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive chronic vascular rejection, a leading cause of allograft failure, can be inhibited by pravastatin in a well-defined rat cardiac transplant model. Pravastatin appears to inhibit the synthesis and subsequent degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and block the infiltration of macrophages to the graft, which emphasizes that this inflammatory cell plays a major role in the pathogenesis of transplant chronic rejection.
authors.affiliation: Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maggard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaldas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busuttil
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Imagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages; D008297:Male; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D017035:Pravastatin