title: Weight change after smoking cessation using variable doses of transdermal nicotine replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine weight change in subjects receiving variable doses of transdermal nicotine replacement for smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-week inpatient treatment with outpatient follow-up through 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report examines weight change after smoking cessation for 70 subjects randomized to placebo or to 11, 22, or 44 mg/d doses of transdermal nicotine. The study included 1 week of intensive inpatient treatment for nicotine dependence with active patch therapy continuing for another 7 weeks. Counseling sessions were provided weekly for the 8 weeks of patch therapy and with long-term follow-up visits at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two subjects were confirmed biochemically (i.e., by expired carbon monoxide) to be nonsmokers at all weekly visits during patch therapy. Their 8-week weight change from baseline was 3.0 +/- 2.0 kg. For these subjects, 8-week weight change was found to be negatively correlated with percentage of cotinine replacement (r = -.38, p = .012) and positively correlated with baseline weight (r = .48, p = .001), and age (r = .35, p = .025). Men had higher (p = .003) 8-week weight gain (4.0 +/- 1.8 kg) than women (2.1 +/- 1.7 kg). Of the 21 subjects who abstained continuously for the entire year, 20 had their weight measured at 1-year follow-up. Among these 20 subjects, 1-year weight change was not found to be associated with gender, baseline weight, baseline smoking rate, total dose of transdermal nicotine, or average percentage of cotinine replacement during the 8 weeks of patch therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that higher replacement levels of nicotine may delay postcessation weight gain. This effect is consistent for both men and women. We could not identify any factors that predict weight change with long-term abstinence from smoking.
authors.affiliation: Nicotine Dependence Center, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Croghan
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hurt
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Offord
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine