Effects of inhaled salmeterol and salbutamol (albuterol) on morning dips compared in intensive care patients recovering from an acute severe asthma attack.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of a long-acting inhaled beta 2-agonist, salmeterol (SM), compared to a short-acting inhaled beta 2-agonist, salbutamol (or albuterol, SB) on the occurrence of morning dip (MD) in patients recovering from an acute severe asthma attack (ASA).


METHODS
Prospective study.


METHODS
18-bed, medical intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital.


METHODS
19 patients suffering from an ASA.


METHODS
Serial measurements of the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), arterial blood gases, vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were performed from admission. All patients were first treated with i.v. methyl prednisolone and i.v. SB. Once the PEFR was stable and > 35% of predicted value, i.v. SB was stopped while i.v. steroids were maintained, and patients were randomised to either inhaled SB (9 patients, 400 micrograms every 4 h) or inhaled SM (10 patients, 100 micrograms every 12 h).


RESULTS
The mean admission PEFR was 26.1 +/- 11.7% of the predicted value and was not different between the two groups. MD was more frequent with SB (6/9 patients) than with SM (4/10). The severity of MD, expressed in l/min fall in PEFR, was higher in SB than in SM (106 +/- 25 vs 55 +/- 37; p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
MD is frequent in ASA. In ASA, SM appears to reduce the frequency and the severity of MD more than SB. The clinical implications of this observation, particularly a lowering of mortality and a shortening of the ICU stay, remain to be investigated.
Ritz
M
M
Medical Intensive Care, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Thorens
J B
JB
Arnold-Ketterer
M
M
Chevrolet
J C
JC
D000208:Acute Disease; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000420:Albuterol