title: Sleep complaints in community-dwelling older persons: prevalence, associated factors, and reported causes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence rates of self-reported sleep complaints and their association with health-related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  People living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2398 noninstitutionalized individuals, aged 65 years and older, residing in the Veneto region, northeast Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds ratios for the association of sleep complaints with potential risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of insomnia was 36% in men and 54% in women, with increased risks for women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.3-2.1), depression (OR = 1.93, 95% CI, 1.5-2.5), and regular users of sleep medications (OR = 5.58, 95% CI, 4.3-7.3). About 26% of men and 21% of women reported no sleep complaints. Night awakening, reported by about two-thirds of the participants, was the most common sleep disturbance. Women and regular users of sleep medications had significantly increased odds for insomnia and for not feeling rested upon awakening in the morning. Depressive symptomatology was more strongly associated with insomnia and night awakening than with awakening not rested, whereas physical disability was more strongly associated with awakening not rested than with the other two sleep disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that sleep complaints, highly common among older Italians, are associated with a wide range of medical conditions and with the use of sleep medications. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the causes and the negative health consequences of sleep disturbances to improve both the diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Project on Aging, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minicuci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grigoletto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enzi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives