title: Four new bioactive polybrominated diphenyl ethers of the sponge Dysidea herbacea from West Sumatra, Indonesia.
abstract: The marine sponge Dysidea herbacea collected from Indonesia yielded four new polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners 2-5 and the known derivatives 1, 6, and 7. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic (1H, 13C, COSY, 1H-detected direct and long-range 13C-1H correlations) and mass spectrometric (EIMS) data. All of the compounds were active against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and the phytopathogenic fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum. The isolated polybrominated compounds were also active in the brine shrimp lethality test. In the latter bioassay, compounds 1 and 6 were the most active with LC50's of 0.96 [SE +/- 0.19] and 0.94 [SE +/- 0.70] microg/mL, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Julius-von-Sachs Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Pharmazeutische Biologie, Wurzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Handayani
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Edrada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proksch
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Van Soest
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunzmann
authors.lastname: Soedarsono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls