title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of diagnosis and management of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare five strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), including those that incorporate colposcopy and a new technology, fluorescence spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  On the basis of a health care perspective, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision-analytic model for the diagnosis and management of SILs. We compared the five strategies based on the expected costs and number of cases that were treated appropriately, missed, treated inappropriately, and appropriately not treated in a hypothetical cohort of 100 patients referred after an abnormal Papanicolaou smear. Data on prevalence and operating characteristics were derived from the medical literature. Costs were adjusted from hospital charge data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A see-and-treat strategy based on fluorescence spectroscopy was the least expensive but least effective strategy, costing $160,479 to detect 31.55 cases of cervical precancer accurately in 100 patients. The most expensive strategy was colposcopically directed biopsy, at $311,808 to find 45.78 cases; however, when both tests were used in a see-and-treat modality, slightly more cases were found (46.05) at a lower cost ($285,133). Other strategies were dominated in the base case. The incremental cost-effectiveness of the joint strategy compared with the spectroscopy-only strategy was $8596 per case of cervical precancer detected. Sensitivity analysis showed that the analysis was sensitive to the cost of the new technology of fluorescence spectroscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescence spectroscopy should be considered an important innovation in the diagnosis of SILs as demonstrated by its efficacy and economic advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Specialties, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4095, USA. sbcantor@utmdacc.mda.uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortolero-Luna
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bratka
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bodurka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richards-Kortum
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000191:economics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000191:economics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy