title: Proximal colon distention increases Fos expression in the lumbosacral spinal cord and activates sacral parasympathetic NADPHd-positive neurons in rats.
abstract: Fos expression induced by nociceptive mechanical distention of the proximal colon was examined in the lumbosacral spinal cord in freely moving rats equipped with a chronic balloon in the proximal colon. Fos protein in lumbosacral neurons was detected immunocytochemically, and colocalization with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) activity was determined histochemically at 1 hour after distention. Distention of the proximal colon (10 ml, 30 seconds on/off for 10 minutes, about 90 mm Hg) increased the number of Fos-positive cells in the lumbar 6 (L6) and sacral 1 and 2 (S1, S2) segments, whereas no change was observed in the L1-L5 and S3 segments compared with the sham distended group or with animals that received no treatment. In L6-S2 segments, Fos-positive neurons were increased by two-fold in laminae I-VII (mainly in laminae I and outer II) and area X (surrounding the central canal) and by nine-fold in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Results of time course studies indicate that the maximal increase in Fos expression observed at 1 hour after distention returns to basal levels within 4 hours. In the S1 segment, distention of the proximal colon increased the percentage of NADPHd/Fos-positive neurons selectively in the parasympathetic nucleus by 40% compared with less than 4% in the sham distention group; the number and pattern of NADPHd-stained cells were not modified. These results indicate that noxious distention of the proximal colon for a short duration in awake rats selectively activates neurons in the L6-S2 segments of the dorsal horn mainly in laminae involved in nociceptive and autonomic processing. The marked activation of NADPHd-positive neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus suggests a possible role of nitric oxide in the visceroautonomic reflexes induced by distention of the proximal colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, California 90073, USA. ytache@ucla.edu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taché
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology*; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase