title: Direct observation of heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere
abstract: The heterogeneous replacement of chloride by nitrate in individual sea-salt particles was monitored continuously over time in the troposphere with the use of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Modeling calculations show that the observed chloride displacement process is consistent with a heterogeneous chemical reaction between sea-salt particles and gas-phase nitric acid, leading to sodium nitrate production in the particle phase accompanied by liberation of gaseous HCl from the particles. Such single-particle measurements, combined with a single-particle model, make it possible to monitor and explain heterogeneous gas/particle chemistry as it occurs in the atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: E. E. Gard, D. S. Gross, B. D. Morrical, D. P. Fergenson, T. Dienes, M. E. Galli, K. A. Prather, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. M. J. Kleeman, L. S. Hughes, J. O. Allen, R. J. Johnson, G. R. Cass, Departme.
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kleeman
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Morrical
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Fergenson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dienes
authors.lastname: E Galli M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Prather