title: Minimally invasive videoscopic parathyroidectomy: a feasibility study in dogs and humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With increasing experience using preoperative sestamibi nuclear scanning, several reports have shown that selective unilateral neck exploration is sufficient in most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The current study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of videoscopic parathyroidectomy as a means to decrease scar size while allowing adequate exposure for the identification of normal parathyroid glands and removal of those glands that are enlarged.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight mongrel dogs underwent removal of all parathyroid glands and both lobes of the thyroid using videoscopic techniques. Once the technical aspects of the operation were established, four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent sestamibi-directed unilateral videoscopic neck exploration with attempted parathyroid removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All thyroid and parathyroid tissues were removed from each dog without complications. Maintenance of an adequate working space proved to be the major difficulty that necessitated placement of a small mechanical retractor. This problem was even more severe in humans, which prevented the identification of one of four adenomas and three of four normal glands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although videoscopic surgery is possible within the loose connective tissues of the canine neck, the inability to establish an adequate working space within the neck of humans and the location of parathyroid glands behind the thyroid precludes the use of this technique for patients with hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Albrink
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014743:Videotape Recording