title: A Phase I trial of ifosfamide and paclitaxel with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the treatment of patients with refractory solid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ifosfamide and paclitaxel are antineoplastic agents with broad activity and with different mechanisms of action. A Phase I trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and associated toxicities of these agents when used in combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with refractory, incurable solid tumors were entered on a 5-step Phase I trial of ifosfamide, given in doses of 2-3 g/m2 intravenous (i.v.) bolus for 3 days with mesna support, and paclitaxel, given in doses of 135-190 g/m2 i.v. by continuous infusion over 24 hours. Paclitaxel was given after the first dose of ifosfamide on Day 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients were treated, and the maximum tolerated dose was the highest planned dose level of the trial: ifosfamide, 3 g/m2/day i.v. for 3 days, and paclitaxel, 190 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 hours. Hematologic toxicity was not dose-limiting, and although neutropenia occurred, it was brief (median, 2-4 days) and resulted in hospitalization for neutropenia and fever in only 7 of 111 courses of therapy. For patients treated at the highest dose level, only 1 of 50 courses of therapy resulted in hospitalization for neutropenia and fever. Nonhematologic toxicity also was not severe and no significant neuropathy occurred. Although patients entered into the study were heavily pretreated, responses were observed, particularly in patients with breast or ovarian carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ifosfamide and paclitaxel can be administered safely in the doses used in this study and there are indications of significant antitumor effect. Further studies are necessary to explore the antineoplastic activity of this regimen, particularly for patients with breast and ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Hematology-Oncology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bunnell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buswell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheets
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D015080:Mesna / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015080:Mesna; D017239:Paclitaxel; D007069:Ifosfamide