title: Midazolam versus diazepam in lipid emulsion as conscious sedation for colonoscopy with or without reversal of sedation with flumazenil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy and tolerance of midazolam (Dormicum R) versus diazepam in lipid emulsion (Diazemuls R, Dumex) was evaluated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial in 200 patients undergoing total colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diazepam in a dosage of 11.2+/-2.3 mg and midazolam in a dosage of 5.3+/-1.1 mg were given over 2 minutes. Flumazenil in a dosage of 0.2 mg within 15 seconds was administered to 50% of patients after procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diazepam and midazolam were equivalent as judged by sedation, recovery time, patient tolerance, and ease of examination. The effect of flumazenil (Anexate R, Roche) on the recovery time was not significant as most patients were fully awake by the end of the procedure. Midazolam induced significantly more amnesia, and the score for recall of the pain score was significantly less after 14 days in the midazolam group. There were only minor complications in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that midazolam can be used safely in relatively fit patients between 17 and 65 years old and that it is the drug of choice if amnesia is desirable. As sole premedication this drug was insufficient in 42% of the patients (pain score was greater than 3), especially in young women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macken
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rutgeerts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000931:Antidotes; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005442:Flumazenil; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam