title: A nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention in an outpatient setting among pregnant women who smoked.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective; control group participants' cessation rates were assessed 6-12 weeks after clinic contact. They were compared to cessation rates for subsequent intervention participants 6-12 weeks after receiving a nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-eight women who were daily smokers, during their first visit after confirmation of pregnancy at a teaching hospital prenatal clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen-minute individualized intervention delivered by an advanced-practice nurse, combined with a telephone contact by an advanced-practice nurse 7-10 days after the clinic visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report of smoking, confirmed by saliva cotinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention group participants had a self-reported abstinence rate of 19% compared with 0% among control group participants. The cotinine-validated abstinence rate for the intervention group was 15.5%, compared with 0% in the control group. African Americans were more likely to quit, compared with white participants who received the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nurse-managed intervention combined with a telephone contact may be an effective strategy for intervening with pregnant smokers, especially African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University Hospital Clinics, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kwo
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wewers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses; D009738:Nursing Service, Hospital; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*