Some unusual oral lesions in HIV infection: comments on the current classification.
Of the numerous oral lesions reported in HIV-infected patients, four entities will be discussed in this paper: linear gingival erythema; cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid gland; oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Based on the literature and the author's personal experience, it appears that linear gingival erythema is perhaps a specific HIV-associated periodontal lesion, but that insufficient data are available in the literature yet to classify this periodontal lesion as a lesion that is strongly associated with HIV infection. On the other hand, cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid gland has been rather widely reported and has characteristic histopathological features that would justify consideration of this lesion as highly indicative of an underlying HIV infection. Oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, at present regarded as a lesion 'strongly associated with HIV infection', is less characteristic in this respect and should merely be classified as 'a lesion seen in HIV infection'. Oral squamous cell carcinomas, not included in the most recent International Classification of Oral Manifestations of HIV infection, should be listed in Group 3 of that classification, representing 'lesions seen in HIV infection'. Further criteria should be developed that will enable distinctions to be made between lesions 'strongly associated with', 'less commonly associated with', and 'seen in' HIV infection.
van der Waal
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Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit/ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology