title: The overwet phenomenon in two-component acetone-based primers containing aryl amine and carboxylic acid monomers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The overwet phenomenon was first reported when a moist bonding technique was used with an earlier commercial version of All-Bond 2 (Bisco) that contained BPDM in primer B. This study investigated whether ultrastructural features of the overwet phenomenon could also be detected in other commercially available two-component acetone-based primers containing BPDM, PMDM and PMGDM, as well as an experimental two-component primer containing DSDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty 1 mm dentin discs prepared from third molars were each conditioned with 10% H3PO4 for 20 s and rinsed for 20 s. They were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group I (Bond-It, Jeneric/Pentron:PMGDM); Group II (Wet Bond, Chameleon Dental Products:PMGDM); Group III (Tenure S, Den-Mat:PMDM); Group IV (present commercial version of All-Bond 2, Bisco:BPDM) and Group V (Experimental two-component primer system containing DSDM in primer B). Following a moist bonding technique using the respective system, discs from each group were further bonded together to form three disc pairs using a chemical-cured resin. Bonded disc pairs were demineralized in EDTA and processed for TEM examination. For this ultramicroscopical study, results such as the features of the overwet phenomenon were analyzed by visual inspection of the specimens in each group (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolated blister-like spaces of variable dimensions were observed within the primer layer in all groups and possessed the following characteristics: 1) a layer of resin-impregnated dentin was always present along the base of the primary blister; 2) surface primer globules, sometimes containing secondary blisters, were identified within these primary blisters; 3) dentinal tubules within the blister-like spaces were not completely sealed; 4) primer globules were circumscribed by a halo of fine kinked strands of material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the technique of moist bonding is based on valid biological principles, incorporation of resin monomers that are immiscible with water rendered the application of current two-component, acetone-based primers very technique-sensitive in terms of tubular seal, when used on moist, acid-conditioned dentin. Further studies should be directed at elimination of this type of oil-in-water (O/W) "macroemulsion" formation through optimal micellar solubilization of these resin monomers in water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gwinnett
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry*; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000096:Acetone