title: Racial disparity in psychotropic medications prescribed for youths with Medicaid insurance in Maryland.
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted using state Medicaid prescription drug reimbursement claims for youths aged 5 through 14 years according to the race of the recipients of psychotropic and medical drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A person-based data set was created from Medicaid administrative data for fiscal year 1991 from the state of Maryland to yield the following: (1) estimates of prevalence of prescription recipients per 100 eligible enrollees; (2) relative prescription use ratios according to race (African-American versus Caucasian); and (3) the interrelation of race and geographic region on prescription prevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five major findings were observed: (1) African-American youths with Medicaid insurance aged 5 through 14 were less than half (39% to 52%) as likely to have been prescribed psychotropic medications as Caucasian youths with Medicaid insurance; (2) the relative difference for nonpsychotropic medication classes was much less pronounced: African-American youths were prescribed nonpsychotropic medications at a rate 60% to 87% of the Caucasian youths' rate; (3) the stimulants (essentially methylphenidate) had the most disparate African-American/Caucasian ratio (1:2.5); (4) the racial disparity for psychotropics was not altered by partial (noncontinuous enrollment) eligibility status; and (5) although geographic variation reduced the racial disparity, the substantial racial difference (1:2.0) remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with Caucasians, African-American youths aged 5 through 14 with Medicaid insurance coverage showed a distinctly lower rate of treatment with psychopharmacological agents.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Safer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: dosReis
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Riddle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs