title: Audit: an exploration of two models from outside the health care environment.
abstract: Whilst there has been exponential growth in auditing health care services and a proliferation of the instruments involved, there seems to have been less cross-fertilization of audit systems and instruments between health care environments and other environments. This paper identifies and explores two audit systems and instruments outside the health care environment. The objective is to seek to improve the level of common understanding, communication and collaboration amongst those who are interested or involved in audit in any sector of the economy. This exercise offers an opportunity and incentive for cross-fertilization of ideas with respect to audit concepts, systems, instruments, results and experiences. Yet there is a more fundamental question to be considered: why bother with audit? This paper identifies core reasons for performing audit which, although they have been mentioned elsewhere, are worth recalling once again. The two non-health care audit systems and instruments are then identified and explored. On the one hand it is seen that the two audit systems and instruments outside health care have common features with audits in health care. On the other hand, it is also suggested that there are some significant differences in the two audit systems and instruments when compared to health care audits. This paper identifies and discusses similarities and differences. Finally, if we fail to learn from the mixture of experiences and insights of various audit exercises, not only will be doing our professions and our customers a disservice but we will lower the chances of continuous improvement in knowledge and understanding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicines Management, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Earl-Slater
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003625:Data Collection; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008330:Management Audit / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D008485:Medical Audit / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D009042:Motivation; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D011050:Policy Making; D013222:State Medicine; D013997:Time Factors; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States