title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis during infancy and childhood: cost analysis and review of current indications.
abstract: Eleven consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs) were performed between January 1994 and June 1996 compared with seven open cholecystectomies (OCs) performed previously at King Khalid University Hospital. The comparison included surgical, clinical, and economic factors, together with a review of the literature. In the laparoscopic group the main indication for cholecystectomy was symptomatic gallstones. Other indications include mucocele of the gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis. A total of eight children in both group had sickle cell disease. The first two LCs were performed in the presence of an experienced laparoscopic surgeon. There is a learning curve to pass through with LC. The operating time for LC ranged between 65 and 135 minutes (mean +/- SD 89.81 +/- 21.89 minutes). There was no major morbidity or mortality. The average postoperative parenteral analgesia required for LC (50.45 +/- 24.57 mg) was significantly less than for OC (135.14 +/- 62.02 mg), and the mean length of hospitalization for LC was significantly shorter than that for OC (1.68 +/- 0.46 vs. 6.07 +/- 0.30) days. Although the average operative cost per LC (2522 SR) was significantly more expensive than for OC (350 SR), the ultimate cost of LC was significantly less than for OC (5790.00 +/- 787 vs. 12,343 +/- 139 SR) because the total period of hospitalization was much shorter. In conclusion, LC is safe, effective, and less expensive than OC and therefore is the approach of choice for cholecystectomy in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jawad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurban
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el-Bakry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: al-Rabeeah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seraj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000191:economics; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000191:economics; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009078:Mucocele / Q000601:surgery