title: Conversion of pancreas allograft rejection to acceptance by liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver allografts of PVG(RT1c)-->DA(RT1a) are spontaneously accepted, whereas pancreas, heart, and kidney allografts are rejected. Our previous studies have shown that simultaneous liver and pancreas transplantation prevents pancreas allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of liver transplantation on subsequent pancreas allografts and on ongoing pancreas rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterotopic, duct-ligated segmental pancreas grafts were transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic recipients (60 mg/kg body weight i.p.) with or without orthotopic liver grafting at different times. Experimental design was as follows. Group 1 received PVG-->PVG pancreas syngrafts (n=6); group 2, PVG-->DA pancreas allografts (n=7); groups 3-5, PVG-->DA pancreas allografts followed by liver transplantation on day 2 (n=6), on day 4 (n=5), and on day 6 (n=5), respectively, group 6, PVG-->DA pancreas allografts after liver transplantation at 4 weeks (n=6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that pancreas allografts in group 2 were rejected from postoperative day 7 to 13. Liver transplantation prevented subsequent pancreas allograft rejection in group 6. Ongoing pancreas rejection was reversed by liver transplantation with subsequent graft acceptance in groups 3-5. Significant graft-infiltrating lymphocyte apoptosis was demonstrated at 2 weeks in pancreas transplants associated with liver grafting. Graft-versus-host disease was not detected in the pancreas recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that pancreas allografts in the PVG-->DA combination are rejected rapidly with median survival time of 9 days. Liver transplantation can protect subsequent pancreas grafts from rejection and reverse ongoing pancreas graft rejection with subsequent pancreatic acceptance. Graft-infiltrating lymphocyte apoptosis may be associated with the process of graft acceptance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sheil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous