title: Effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide on respiratory function in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated respiratory response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to either a CCK-4 (N = 15) or placebo (N = 15) challenge under double-blind conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dyspnea was reported by all of the subjects who received CCK-4 but only one subject who received placebo. CCK-4 caused a significant increase in tidal volume and minute ventilation but had no effect on breathing frequency. Placebo had no effect on any of the respiratory measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the behavioral effects of CCK-4 are accompanied by changes in respiration in healthy volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. jbradwejj@rohcg.on.ca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradwejn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: LeGrand
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koszycki
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D010919:Placebos; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013758:Tetragastrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D013758:Tetragastrin