title: Neutrophil activation after skeletal muscle ischemia in humans.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the time course of neutrophil activation after skeletal muscle ischemia in humans and to assess the effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol or cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. In patients undergoing tourniquet ischemia of the upper limb, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were simultaneously isolated from antecubital vein blood of both the contralateral control arm and the tourniquet arm. PMN-superoxide production (PMN-SOP) was determined by a cytochrome C reduction assay, PMN-myeloperoxidase activity (PMN-MPO) by guaiacol oxidation and serum PMN-elastase concentration by an enzyme immunoassay. At 60 min after release of the tourniquet, significant increases of PMN-SOP, PMN-MPO, and serum elastase concentrations were observed in tourniquet arms as compared with control arms (p < .05). Allopurinol (300 mg orally, 12 and 2 h before ischemia) significantly inhibited the increase of PMN-SOP, PMN-MPO, and serum elastase (p < .05). Indomethacin (50 mg orally, 2 h before ischemia) prevented increased PMN-MPO and serum elastase, but prevented increased PMN-SOP only when neutrophils were incubated in the presence of their autologous plasma. These findings suggest that ischemia/reperfusion of human skeletal muscle involves both xanthine oxidase-dependent oxygen free radicals and cyclooxygenase metabolites. These pathways could activate circulating neutrophils which potentially inflict local and remote endothelial injury.
authors.affiliation: University of Saarland, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiebrich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dike
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bühren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000493:Allopurinol; D009195:Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D007213:Indomethacin