title: First reported outbreak in the United States of cryptosporidiosis associated with a recreational lake.
abstract: In the summer of 1994, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred among visitors to a state park in New Jersey. We enrolled 185 persons in a cohort study, 38 (20.5%) of whom had laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis or gastrointestinal illness that met our clinical case definition. Having any exposure to lake water (e.g., swimming) was strongly associated with illness (P < .001). The outbreak lasted 4 weeks and affected an estimated 2,070 persons. The most likely sources of the outbreak were contaminated runoff of rainwater and infected bathers. This outbreak of cryptosporidiosis is the first reported to be associated with recreational exposure to lake water. Our investigation shows that even a large and ongoing outbreak may not be detected for several weeks. Health professionals and persons at high risk for severe cryptosporidiosis should be aware that recreational water can be a source of cryptosporidium infection.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service (Epidemiology Program Office), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Sorhage
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wahlquist
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Herwaldt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011998:Recreation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water