title: Chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharide from Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 33150.
abstract: Chemical and biological studies were performed on lipopolysaccharide isolated from Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 33150T, a possible causative agent of periodontal diseases. The sugar components of the lipopolysaccharide of S. sputigena were mannose, galactose, glucose, L-glycero-D-mannoheptose (heptose), 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonic acid, glucosamine and galactosamine in a molar ratio of 0.3:1.0:1.0:1.0:0.2:3.0:3.2 (mol/mol heptose). Sephadex G-50 chromatography of the polysaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by partial hydrolysis yielded three fractions: the O-polysaccharide chain attached to the core oligosaccharide, the core oligosaccharide and monosaccharides. Compositional analysis of these fractions revealed that lipopolysaccharide of S. sputigena carries a short O-polysaccharide chain consisting of galactose and glucosamine and that the core oligosaccharide consisted of glucose, heptose, glucosamine and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid. It is of particular interest that galactosamine was detected as a component sugar of the lipid A moiety in addition to glucosamine, which is a usual component sugar of the lipid A of most gram-negative bacteria. Thus, the lipid A of S. sputigena might have a unique backbone that differs from that of the lipid A of other gram-negative bacteria. Lipid A of S. sputigena consisted mainly of fatty acids such as undecanoic, tridecanoic, tridecenoic, 3-hydroxytridecanoic and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in a molar ratio of 0.4:1.0:0.3:4.0:0.5 (mol/mol tridecanoic acid). Lipopolysaccharide and lipid A from S. sputigena both exhibited biological activity in activating the clotting enzyme of Limulus amebocytes, the Schwartzman reaction, mitogenicity for murine lymphocytes and in inducing interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 production in murine macrophages to the same extent as those observed for lipopolysaccharide of the Salmonella serovar typhimurium used as a positive control. The results suggested that the lipopolysaccharide of S. sputigena is a virulent factor in human periodontal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental College, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haishima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hisatsune
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001438:Bacteroidaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008033:Limulus Test; D008050:Lipid A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008934:Mitogens / Q000276:immunology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008934:Mitogens