title: Comparison of pneumoperitoneum and abdominal wall lifting as to hemodynamics and surgical stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impairments in hemodynamics during pneumoperitoneum (PP) have been noted. This study compared changes in hemodynamics and surgical stress response with PP and abdominal wall lifting (AWL) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis were assigned to PP (n = 10) or AWL (n = 10). Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (%EF) were measured by transesophageal echocardiography. Clearances of para-aminohippurate (CPAH) and sodium thiosulfate (CSTS) were determined as measures of renal function. Levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, white cell count, and neutrophil elastase were evaluated as indicators of surgical stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the PP group, CO, SV, and %EF were depressed significantly during pneumoperitoneum. Immediately after and 15 min after insufflation, the CPAH and CSTS were decreased by 78.0% and 73.8%, respectively. None of the hemodynamic parameters changed significantly in the AWL group. Surgical stress response was not different significantly between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to pneumoperitoneum, AWL did not alter cardiac function or renal hemodynamics. AWL may be useful in patients with cardiovascular or renal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Oita Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bandoh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baatar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D012079:Renal Circulation; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase