title: Effects of practice in repeated administrations of the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised in normal adults.
abstract: Practice effects were examined over four administrations of the immediate (I) and delayed (II) portions of three subtests of the WMS-R: Logical Memory (LM), Verbal Paired Associates (VPA), and Visual Reproduction (VR). A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that large and significant (p < .001) increases occurred in the General Memory (GM) and Delayed Recall (DR) indices and in the LMI, LMII, and VPAI subtests (Effect Sizes [ESs] = 0.70-0.87). Small but significant (p < .001) increases occurred in VRI (ES = 0.24) and VRII (ES = 0.43). The greatest increase in scores occurred at the first retest session, whereas increases of smaller magnitudes occurred at Sessions 3 and 4. Ceiling effects occur in subtests (VPAII, VRI, and VRII) on which individuals score most of the total possible points at the first testing session; this makes interpretation of practice effects difficult. Test-retest reliability coefficients, mean change scores from Session 1 to Session 2, standard errors of prediction, and 95% confidence intervals are presented. These score changes need to be taken into consideration when interpreting performance at retest.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rapport
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Brines
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000592:standards*