title: Paternity in men with stage I testis tumors on surveillance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report long-term paternity in men with stage I testis tumors who were managed initially by surveillance.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred five patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were entered on a surveillance protocol and followed up for more than 10 years. Actual fertility potential was assessed by pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 105 patients, 41 (39%) have fathered children, which includes 36 of 78 (46%) patients while on active surveillance and five of 27 (19%) patients after treatment for relapse. Of 63 couples who attempted a pregnancy on surveillance or were presumed capable of impregnation (whether they tried or not), 41 (65%) were successful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the majority of men with stage I testis tumor who are on surveillance after orchiectomy, have a suitable partner, and attempt impregnation achieve a successful pregnancy. Pregnancy rates appear to be less than reported in men who have a nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) because more patients on surveillance require treatment for relapse, which reduces their chances for pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. herrh@mskcc.org
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bar-Chama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sogani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery