title: Comparison of interleukin-11 and epidermal growth factor on residual small intestine after massive small bowel resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a multifunctional cytokine derived from bone marrow, which has a trophic effect on small bowel epithelium. This study compares the effects of IL-11 with epidermal growth factor (EGF), a growth factor known to enhance small bowel adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (90 to 100 g) underwent an 85% mid-small bowel resection with primary anastomosis on day 0. Rats were divided into four treatment groups: controls (group I) received bovine serum albumin (BSA), group II received IL-11, 125 microg/kg subcutaneously (SC) twice daily, group III received EGF, 0.10 microg/g SC bid, and group IV received EGF and IL-11 in the above doses. Half of the animals (five per group) were killed on day 4 of therapy, and the rest were killed on day 8. Animals were evaluated for weight, mucosal length, and bowel wall muscle thickness on days 4 and 8, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in intestinal crypt and smooth muscle cells on day 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were two deaths; both were 8-day controls. Body weight was similar at day 4 and day 8. Mucosal thickness in groups II (IL-11) and group IV (IL-11 and EGF) was significantly increased at day 4 and 8 when compared with controls (group I) and EGF (group III, P < .001). Muscle thickness was significantly increased in the EGF and combined group IV compared with the BSA controls and IL-11 groups (P < .001). Thirty-two percent of the mucosal crypt cells in Group I stained positive for PCNA, whereas 51%, 53%, and 60% stained positive in groups II (IL-11), III (EGF), and IV (IL-11 and EGF), respectively. In groups I and II, 2% and 1.7% of the myocytes stained positive for PCNA, whereas 11.2% and 5.2% of the myocytes in group III and IV stained positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that IL-11 has a trophic effect on small intestinal enterocytes, causing cell proliferation and increased mucosal thickness. EGF has a more generalized effect on intestine causing proliferation of both enterocytes and myocytes. IL-11, with or without EGF, may be a useful adjunct in instances of short bowel syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ledniczky
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orazi
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grosfeld
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017370:Interleukin-11; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor