title: Diagnostic and therapeutic impact of push enteroscopy: analysis of factors associated with positive findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Push enteroscopy is indicated in patients with suspected small bowel gastrointestinal bleeding or small bowel mucosal disease. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic yield of enteroscopy, identify clinical predictors associated with findings, and measure frequency of management changes made on the basis of results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopy reports, office charts, and hospital charts were reviewed for 164 patients who had enteroscopy performed, primarily with a video enteroscope, during a period of 2 years. Data extraction included details of comorbid illnesses, associated risk factors, and previous endoscopies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications for enteroscopy were suspected occult bleeding in 65, overt bleeding in 64, diarrhea in 20, and suspected mucosal disease in 15 patients. Diagnostic lesions, identified in 92 patients (56%), included 57 jejunal lesions (35%). In patients with overt bleeding, upper tract lesions were present more commonly in patients receiving nonsteroidal medication (54% versus 27%, p < 0.05). Jejunal vascular ectasia occurred more frequently in patients with documented vascular ectasias elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract (34% versus 15%, p < 0.01). Missed lesions on previous upper endoscopy included large hiatal hernias with erosions in 10, peptic ulcers in 10, and vascular ectasias in 9 patients. Therapeutic interventions, made in 67 of 92 patients (73%) with diagnostic lesions, included small bowel resection in 12 (8%), endoscopic therapy in 21 (14%), and changes in medical regimen in 34 patients (22%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Push enteroscopy with video enteroscopes has a moderate diagnostic yield. Positive findings frequently lead to therapy changes. Large hiatal hernias remain an under-recognized etiology of anemia. Repeat upper endoscopy should be considered before enteroscopy in patients taking nonsteroidals who develop overt bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-1736, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chak
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Canto
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sivak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014741:Video Recording