Effects of task strain, social conflict, and emotional activation on ambulatory cardiovascular activity: daily life consequences of recurring stress in a multiethnic adult sample.
Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) may be an independent predictor of cardiovascular endpoints, but little is known about its psychosocial determinants. The acute effects of psychosocial processes on cardiovascular activity during daily life were examined by random-effects regression. Healthy adults (N = 120) were monitored over a 6-day period with ABP monitors and computer-assisted self-report assessments. Task strain, social conflict, and emotional activation were rated following each ABP measurement, as were activity, posture, and other covariates. Results show that blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were elevated during periods of emotional activation (high negative affect or high arousal). Diastolic BP was lower during periods involving high decisional control, and HR was lower during high-control, low-demand activities. There were substantial individual differences in the effects of psychosocial influences on ambulatory cardiovascular activity. Psychological factors are reliable determinants of ABP, which may account in part for the unique predictive value of ABP.
Kamarck
T W
TW
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. tkam+@pitt.edu
Shiffman
S M
SM
Smithline
L
L
Goodie
J L
JL
Paty
J A
JA
Gnys
M
M
Jong
J Y
JY
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000523:psychology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*