title: The classification of idiopathic spasmodic torticollis: three types based on social adaptation and frustration tolerance.
abstract: In this study, idiopathic spasmodic torticollis (ST) has been classfied into three types from the opinion of social adaptation and the differences of frustration tolerance. The three types were as follows: type I (overadaptive type), type II (maladaptive type), and type III (compatible type). Type I is a typical psychosomatic with high frustration tolerance. Type II is personality disorder with low frustration tolerance. In type III, frustration tolerance varies depending on social circumstances (i.e., different at home and at the office). In type I, the prognosis of ST is generally unfavorable, since it is associated with recurrence and prolongation of the symptoms. In type II, the prognosis of ST is generally favorable. However, type II patients experience relationship or social difficulties. One characteristic of type III is that the onset of symptoms is usually found in an older person because of proper use of frustration tolerance at home and at the office.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashiwase
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012919:Social Behavior; D014103:Torticollis / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*