title: Adrenergic-mediated connexin43 phosphorylation in the ocular ciliary epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gap junctions provide metabolic cooperativity between the nonpigmented and pigmented cells of the ciliary epithelium. Connexin43 is the major protein of these junctions. To learn whether the phosphorylation state of this gap junction is sensitive to adrenergic mediators, we exposed isolated intact ciliary epithelia to agonists of the G-protein receptor-coupled system and analyzed the phosphorylation state of connexin43 by western blot.
  
  
  METHODS
  The double layer of intact ciliary epithelia was isolated and exposed to isoproterenol, forskolin, and the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The phosphorylation state of connexin43 was analyzed by western blot, using a monoclonal antibody that recognized both the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated connexin43. An upward shift in electrophoretic mobility confirmed the presence of a phosphate group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Connexin43 phosphorylation was rapidly induced by each of these agonists. One microM isoproterenol and 5 microM forskolin induced phosphorylation of connexin43, as did 16 nanomolar TPA. The effect of isoproterenol was partially blocked by 1 microM timolol. Addition of a phosphatase after forskolin treatment reversed the effect of forskolin. Control explant tissue not treated with these agents exhibited a slower but definite phosphorylation of connexin43.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phosphorylation of ciliary epithelial connexin43 is sensitive to modulators of the cAMP system as well as an agent that activates PKC. Isolated intact ciliary epithelia phosphorylate connexin43 by endogenous mechanisms, most likely as a protective response to stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sears
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018031:Connexin 43; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate