title: A practical guide to surgical loupes.
abstract: Loupes are widely used in both surgical and dental procedures to enhance visualization of tissues and to facilitate optimal instrument placement. Most doctors, however, have limited knowledge of fundamental optical principals or of the various types of loupes available. This article reviews basic optical terminology and principles and highlights features of various commercially available loupes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Meals
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D013525:Surgical Instruments