title: The transcription factor GHF-1, but not the splice variant GHF-2, cooperates with thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors to stimulate rat growth hormone gene expression.
abstract: The rat growth hormone (GH) promoter was significantly activated in non-pituitary cells by the expression of unliganded trioodothyronine (T3) and retinoic acid (RA) receptors. Furthermore, a strong ligand-dependent activation was found in the presence of the pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1. When compared with GHF-1, the splice variant GHF-2 showed a decreased ability to bind the cognate site in the GH promoter. As a consequence, expression of GHF-2 had little stimulatory effect on the GH promoter and did not show cooperation with T3 or RA receptors even in the presence of ligands. Furthermore, over-expression of GHF-2 inhibited the response to T3 and RA in pituitary cells. These results show that alternative splicing of the GHF-1 gene gives rise to two isoforms that differ in their transactivating properties and in their ability to synergize with the nuclear thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors on GH gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Pacheco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güell
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Castrillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494186:Pou1f1 protein, rat; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D014212:Tretinoin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase