title: Factors affecting uptake of antenatal HIV testing in London: results of a multicentre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the uptake of antenatal HIV testing and determine its relation to risk of HIV and to screening practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre prospective questionnaire study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women attending six maternity units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner London, 1995-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uptake of testing by risk factors for HIV, ethnicity, and factors about the antenatal interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All units had a "universal offer" policy for HIV testing. In five units forms were completed for 18,791 (88%) of 21,247 pregnant women. The sixth unit, where the response rate was too low to assess uptake, was excluded from the analysis. Uptake ranged from 3.4% to 51.2% (overall 22.9%), in parallel with detection of previously undiagnosed infection in pregnant women (4.9-60%). Controlling for unit, uptake was higher among the 7% who disclosed risk factors. Among those at low risk, uptake varied by ethnic group (South Asian women 9%; Latin American and Mediterranean women 33%). The relation between uptake and HIV risk category varied greatly across units. Despite increased HIV seroprevalence in black African women, uptake was similar in this group to that among women at low risk (24%). Uptake increased 2.1-fold if HIV transmission was discussed. Midwives reported spending 7 (2-15) minutes discussing HIV issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uptake of HIV testing was unacceptably low in all units, with maternity unit the strongest predictor. New approaches to antenatal HIV testing are urgently required and uptake should be audited routinely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London. d.gibb@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: MacDonagh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tookey
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Peckham
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ades
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014504:Urban Health