title: Safety and efficacy of the Alexandrite laser for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of the Alexandrite laser for intracorporeal lithotripsy of renal and ureteral stones in conjunction with ureterorenoscopy or percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the records of 137 patients with 169 calculi in 143 renoureteral units who were treated with the Alexandrite laser via a retrograde (91.5%) or antegrade (8.5%) endoscopic approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate intraoperative fragmentation of the stone was observed in 88.8% of the cases. No intraoperative complications were attributable to the laser. At a mean follow-up of 34 days, the overall stone-free rate was 74.4%. The stone-free rate for ureteral stones (n = 115) was 80%, whereas the stone-free rate for renal stones (n = 22) was only 44%. In the best subgroup of ureteral stones (10 mm or less in the distal ureter), the stone-free rate was 97.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Alexandrite laser is a safe modality for intracorporeal lithotripsy and is highly effective for ureteral stones less than 10 mm in size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9110, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pearle
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sech
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preminger
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Drach
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001608:Beryllium; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C112654:alexandrite; D001608:Beryllium