title: A duplicated gene in the breakpoint regions of the 7q11.23 Williams-Beuren syndrome deletion encodes the initiator binding protein TFII-I and BAP-135, a phosphorylation target of BTK.
abstract: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multisystemic manifestations caused by heterozygosity for a partial deletion of chromosome band 7q11.23. The breakpoints cluster within regions located approximately 1 cM either side of the elastin (ELN) locus. We have characterized a duplicated region near the common deletion breakpoints, which includes a transcribed gene. The centromeric (C) and telomeric (T) copies are almost identical in the duplicated 3[prime] portions but diverge at their 5[prime]-ends. C-specific 4.3 kb mRNA and T-specific 5.4 kb mRNA are widely expressed in embryonic and adult tissues. The telomeric gene gives rise to several alternatively spliced forms and is deleted in all WBS individuals who have documented ELN deletions. Database searches revealed that this gene encodes BAP-135, a protein phosphorylated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells, as well as the multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I, hence the gene name GTF2I. The centromeric gene is not deleted in WBS and appears to be a partially truncated expressed pseudogene with no protein product (gene name GTF2IP1). Both loci map to different genomic clone contigs that also contain other deleted and non-deleted loci. A probe from the shared region recognizes a >3 Mb Not I junction fragment that is unique to individuals with the WBS deletion. Therefore, the duplicated region containing GTF2I and GTF2IP1 respectively is located close to the deletion breakpoints and may predispose to unequal meiotic recombination between chromosome 7 homologs and/or to intrachromosomal rearrangements. Hemizygosity for GTF2I may also contribute to the WBS phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gen-etica, Hospital Ni-no Jes-us, Madred, Spain. Stanford University Medical Center,
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pérez Jurado
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peoples
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coloma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cruces
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Francke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002503:Centromere / Q000235:genetics; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C104259:GTF2I protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D004549:Elastin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; C000625949:BTK protein, human