title: Risk of pulp damage due to temperature increase during thermodebonding of ceramic brackets.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to perform in vitro measurements of the temperature increase at the enamel-dentine interface during electrothermal removal of ceramic brackets, and to analyse, in vivo, whether signs of pulp damage can be observed 4 weeks after the procedure. In vitro study: a total of 29 caries-free human teeth were cut into buccal and lingual halves. The buccal halves were bonded with ceramic brackets, and miniature thermocouples were placed from the pulpal side into holes drilled to the enamel-dentine interface under the centre of the bracket slot. From the onset of thermodebonding, the temperature increase relative to room temperature was recorded for a period of 43 seconds. The maximum temperature increase at the enamel-dentine interface was 6.9 degrees C. In vivo study: a total of 12 human premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were bonded with ceramic brackets. Electrothermal debonding was performed the following day. After 4 weeks, the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological examination. Following demineralization, sections were prepared for light microscopic examination. No signs of pulpal inflammation were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jost-Brinkmann
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Radlanski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Artun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loidl
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001641:Bicuspid; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D001831:Body Temperature; D002516:Ceramics; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000473:pathology; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012307:Risk Factors; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D013821:Thermometers
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C047484:heliosit; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin