title: Evidence for in vivo ribosome recycling, the fourth step in protein biosynthesis.
abstract: Ribosome recycling factor (RRF) catalyzes the fourth step of protein synthesis in vitro: disassembly of the post-termination complex of ribosomes, mRNA and tRNA. We now report the first in vivo evidence of RRF function using 12 temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutants which we isolated in this study. At non-permissive temperatures, most of the ribosomes remain on mRNA, scan downstream from the termination codon, and re-initiate translation at various sites in all frames without the presence of an initiation codon. Re-initiation does not occur upstream from the termination codon nor beyond a downstream initiation signal. RRF inactivation was bacteriostatic in the growing phase and bactericidal during the transition between the stationary and growing phase, confirming the essential nature of the fourth step of protein synthesis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janosi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mottagui-Tabar
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Isaksson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohtsubo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shuda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaji
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001483:Base Sequence; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003062:Codon / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010442:Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational / Q000235:genetics; D010443:Peptide Chain Termination, Translational / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011506:Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003062:Codon; D011506:Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C087267:ribosome releasing factor