title: Readability of over-the-counter medication labels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated information on over-the-counter (OTC) medication labels. Brand-name OTC products were examined to determine compliance with the Label Readability Guidelines recommended by the Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association (NDMA). Additionally, the use of pictures on OTC medication labels was assessed. The effect of pictures on other aspects of label design that may affect comprehension was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 100 OTC medication labels (20 analgesics and 80 cold/cough products). Assessment of label content was based on certain aspects of label design, such as package size, font size of written information, format of information on warnings and indications, use of pictures, and use of advertising claims on product labels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many products evaluated did not meet NDMA guidelines. Even when font size of product name increased with increase in package size, font size on warnings and indications remained constant at 6 points. Lack of boldface (63%), use of all uppercase font (30%), use of hyphenation (49%), lack of paragraph breaks (19%), and the small font size of 6 points or less (98%) could reduce readability. Packages containing pictures were significantly larger than packages without pictures. Several packages (30%) contained pictures in the indications section. Many products contained advertising claims that were classified as "green" or "quality" (41%) and "free" (38%). Additionally, 43 different advertising claims were identified; some of these may be difficult for patients to interpret.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings may help FDA develop specific regulations to improve label readability. Pharmacists who recommend OTC products to consumers should be aware of these issues and evaluate requests by consumers regarding OTC drugs accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello 83209, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sansgiry
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Cady
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000592:standards*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs