title: The effect of halothane and sevoflurane on fatigue-induced changes in hamster diaphragmatic contractility.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of halothane and sevoflurane on fatigue-induced changes in diaphragmatic contractility. Forty-two hamster diaphragm strips were randomly allocated according to anesthetics (no anesthesia control, 1%-3% halothane, 2%-6% sevoflurane) and stimulated directly in an organ bath. Under the influence of the anesthetics, muscle fatigue was induced by repetitive tetanic contraction, and diaphragmatic contractilities (i.e., peak twitch and tetanic tension, twitch contraction time, and half-relaxation time) were measured before and after fatigue. Neither halothane nor sevoflurane changed tension generation before or after fatigue, but each anesthetic significantly enhanced fatigue-induced prolongations of the contraction time and half-relaxation time after fatigue. Specifically, the half-relaxation times after fatigue in the 3% halothane, 4% sevoflurane, and 6% sevoflurane groups (225.6 +/- 37.6, 236.0 +/- 76.5, and 287.3 +/- 55.5 ms, respectively) were more than twice as long as those of the control group (104.7 +/- 19.7 ms, P < 0.05). We conclude that halothane and sevoflurane augment fatigue-induced prolongations of the contraction and relaxation times. Diaphragmatic function may deteriorate when there is a fatiguing task during the clinical administration of halothane or sevoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study implicates diaphragmatic fatigue during anesthesia. An in vitro hamster diaphragm muscle preparation was used to study the effect of halothane and sevoflurane on fatigue-induced change in contractility. Our findings suggest that increased load on the diaphragm during volatile anesthesia may lead to impaired diaphragmatic contractility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan. kagawa@kosmic.med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yaku
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obara
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D006221:Halothane