title: Compensatory prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in cyclooxygenase 1 or 2 null cells.
abstract: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in immortalized, nontransformed cells derived from wild-type, cyclooxygenase 1-deficient (COX-1(-/-)) or cyclooxygenase 2-deficient (COX-2(-/-)) mice was examined after treatment with interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate). Compared with their wild-type counterparts, COX-1(-/-) or COX-2(-/-) cells exhibited substantially enhanced expression of the remaining functional COX gene. Furthermore, both basal and IL-1-induced expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), a key enzyme-regulating substrate mobilization for PGE2 biosynthesis, was also more pronounced in both COX-1(-/-) and COX-2(-/-) cells. Thus, COX-1(-/-) and COX-2(-/-) cells have the ability to coordinate the upregulation of the alternate COX isozyme as well as cPLA2 genes to overcome defects in prostaglandin biosynthetic machinery. The potential for cells to alter and thereby compensate for defects in the expression of specific genes such as COX has significant clinical implications given the central role of COX in a variety of disease processes and the widespread use of COX inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirtikara
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Morham
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghow
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Laulederkind
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanekura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goorha
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ballou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D015232:Dinoprostone