title: Incidence and outcome of major non-pulmonary surgical procedures in lung transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary transplant recipients are at high risk from various conditions requiring surgical intervention. As little is known about their exact incidence and course, we examined such procedures in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have retrospectively analyzed major nonpulmonary surgical procedures performed in 124 consecutive patients who received an isolated lung transplant at the University of Vienna between 1989 and December 1995. Twenty-two patients underwent a total of 28 major interventions (22/124 = 17.7%), resulting in an incidence of one procedure every 5.8 patient years of follow-up. The mean interval between transplantation and intervention was 17.9 months (range 3 days to 62 months) with six interventions being carried out during the first month after transplantation. Fourteen emergency operations were performed, the remaining 14 procedures were carried out electively. Overall, 15 abdominal procedures, four thoracic, four orthopedic, two gynecological, one neurosurgical, one urological and one plastic surgery were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no intraoperative death. Perioperatively, five surgery related deaths were observed (5/28, related mortality 17.9%) with multiple organ failure as the cause of death in all cases. All of these deaths followed emergency operations (5/14 = 35.7%) and all were observed in patients with septic abdominal complications. In contrast, even very extensive procedures were performed electively without related mortality (0/14, P = 0.02). During the first month after transplantation, major surgery was associated with a 50% (3/6) mortality, for late interventions mortality was 9.1% (2/22; P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary transplant recipients showed a high incidence of conditions requiring surgical intervention. As expected, septic complications, especially during the immediate post transplant period, carried a very poor prognosis. However, it was reassuring to observe that even extensive surgical procedures could be performed safely without associated mortality in the elective setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wekerle
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klepetko
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisser
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Senbaklavaci
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Artemiou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuckermann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality