title: Randomized trial of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, sibrafiban, in patients after an acute coronary syndrome: results of the TIMI 12 trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor given intravenously have been shown to be effective in reducing ischemic complications after coronary angioplasty and in unstable angina, making this a promising new class of agents for the treatment and prevention of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Sibrafiban (Ro 48-3657) is an oral, peptidomimetic, selective antagonist of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 12 trial was a phase II, double-blind, dose-ranging trial designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability of sibrafiban in 329 patients after acute coronary syndromes. In the PK/PD cohort of TIMI 12, 106 patients were randomized to receive one of seven dosing regimens of sibrafiban, ranging from 5 mg daily to 10 mg twice daily for 28 days. In the safety cohort, 223 patients were randomized to one of four dose regimens of sibrafiban (ranging from 5 mg twice daily to 15 mg once daily) or aspirin for 28 days. High levels of platelet inhibition were achieved: mean peak values ranged from 47% to 97% inhibition of 20 micromol/L ADP-induced platelet aggregation on day 28 across the seven doses. Twice-daily dosing provided more sustained platelet inhibition (mean inhibition, 36% to 86% on day 28), whereas platelet inhibition returned to baseline levels by 24 hours with once-daily dosing. Major hemorrhage occurred in 1.5% of patients treated with sibrafiban and in 1.9% of patients treated with aspirin. Protocol-defined "minor" bleeding, usually mucocutaneous, occurred in 0% to 32% of patients in the various sibrafiban groups and in none of the patients treated with aspirin. Minor bleeding was related to total daily dose (P=.002), once- versus twice-daily dosing (P<.0001), renal function (P<.0001), and presentation with unstable angina (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist sibrafiban achieved effective, long-term platelet inhibition with a clear dose-response but at the expense of a relatively high incidence of minor bleeding. Oral IIb/IIIa inhibition deserves further study as a new treatment strategy in patients after acute coronary syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borzak
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tischler
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Palmeri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ault
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010091:Oximes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D010091:Oximes; D010880:Piperidines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; C100917:sibrafiban