title: Glyconeogenesis and urea synthesis in the toad Bufo viridis during acclimation to water restriction.
abstract: Metabolic consequences of osmotic stress were investigated in the toad Bufo viridis. Toads were acclimated either to terrestrial conditions in the absence of free water or to being partially immersed in 250 mmol L-1 NaCl, which was achieved by gradually increasing the salinity of the bath. This slow acclimation evoked little metabolic response, whereas the immediate osmotic challenge of water restriction resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of urea in the plasma and in liver glycogen. Urea accumulation, involving a transient increase in its rate of synthesis, allows the toads to lower their body water potential and thereby to absorb soil-bound water. The metabolic cost of this response is reduced by conserving the resulting by-product, glucose, as glycogen stored in the liver for future use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001834:Body Water; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014868:Water Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002712:Chlorides; D007773:Lactates; D008112:Liver Glycogen; D014508:Urea; D006003:Glycogen; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium