title: Differences in medical and surgical therapy for stroke prevention between leading experts in North America and Western Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Large multicenter trials have evaluated the benefit of different medical and surgical therapies to prevent stroke. However, the application of trial results to clinical practice remains uncertain for some areas of stroke prevention and has been discussed passionately among international experts. As part of a worldwide survey, the purpose of this analysis was to provide an informative and comparative view of the current practice of leading experts in North America (NA) and Western Europe (WE), where most of the large prevention trials have been performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was performed worldwide among 185 neurologists who are currently leading the discussions of stroke prevention practices. It contained questions on the use of antiplatelet agents, oral anticoagulation, and surgery for the prevention of ischemic stroke. The population of this present analysis is the two groups of experts from WE (n=73) and NA (n=48) exclusively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of each group, >90% responded to the survey. Nearly all respondents reported prescribing aspirin in patients at risk of atherothrombotic stroke, but significant differences between NA and WE are shown by the recommended doses (P<.0001): aspirin doses of >500 mg daily are given exclusively by American participants (36%), whereas doses <200 mg are recommended only in Europe (51%). Eighty-six percent of American versus 59% of European respondents reported using ticlopidine as their second choice (P<.005), and 23% of respondents from WE used warfarin compared with 5% from NA (P<.05). The reported use of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation increased in accordance with the patient's individual risk of stroke, but respondents from WE were more reluctant to use anticoagulants in patients older than 75 years. Relatively higher target international normalized ratio values were reported by European respondents. Nearly all participants recommend carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. The use of carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients was significantly more common among responding experts from NA (48% versus 28%; P<.05), particularly in patients with >95% stenosis (89% versus 53%; P<.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis shows significant differences in several areas of stroke prevention practices between leading experts from NA and WE. These differences may be explained partly by divergent results of trials from the two continents, but in some areas of controversy currently available trial data are not sufficient to form an international consensus to guide daily clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Neurology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masuhr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Einhäupl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005060:Europe; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin