title: Para-aortic irradiation only appears to be adequate treatment for patients with Stage I seminoma of the testis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Results of treatment of patients with Stage I seminoma with orchiectomy and radiotherapy are excellent. Even without adjuvant radiotherapy, the relapse rate is only 15-20%; most of the patients fail in the retroperitoneum, with rare failures observed in the pelvis (0.5-2%). In 1991, we began a prospective study evaluating para-aortic lymph node radiation as the only adjuvant treatment for such patients. This paper reports our preliminary results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1991 and January 1996, 35 patients with histologically proven Stage I seminoma were entered in the study. Median age was 37.9 years (range: 27-65 years). A radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed in all patients. Staging workup consisted of a chest X-ray; B-HCG, alpha-fetoprotein, and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis in all patients. Lymphangiogram was done in 23 (66%) of 35 patients for further evaluation of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Radiotherapy consisted of treatment to the para-aortic region only. Parallel opposed fields extending from the top of T11 to the bottom of L5 were used. The median field size was 8.7 x 21.8 cm (range: 7-11 x 18-26 cm). The median total dose, prescribed at midpoint, was 25 Gy given in 15 daily fractions of 1.66 Gy. Follow-up was performed every 3 months for the first year, every 4-5 months for the second and third years, and every 6 months thereafter. Chest X-ray, tumor markers, and CT scan of the pelvis were performed routinely as part of the follow-up investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 39.7 months (range: 16-74 months), 34 (97.1%) of 35 patients are alive with no evidence of disease for an overall actuarial survival rate of 97.1% at 5 years and a cause-specific actuarial survival rate of 100%. Treatment morbidity was limited to Grade I-II acute side effects in 18 (51.4%) of 35 patients. No late side effects were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our preliminary results, adjuvant radiation treatment limited to the para-aortic lymph node region, without ipsilateral pelvic irradiation, appears to be adequate treatment for Stage I seminoma. Such an approach in our patients resulted in minimal toxicity and excellent disease-free survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sultanem
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Souhami
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bahary
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shenouda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery