title: Seminal tract obstruction caused by childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy: results of microsurgical reanastomosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy is a frequent causes of seminal tract obstruction. We investigate the characteristics of this obstruction, surgical techniques for reanastomosis and outcomes in patients with bilateral or unilateral obstruction caused by inguinal herniorrhaphy in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 22 men an average of 30.5 years old in whom average duration of obstruction was 27.1 years. Obstruction was bilateral in 9 patients and unilateral in 13, and 14 had azoospermia preoperatively. Microsurgical 2 layer vasovasostomy and/or specific tubule epididymovasostomy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inguinal and crossed vasovasostomy was done in 18 and 4 patients, respectively. The distal end of the vas was found at the internal inguinal ring or in the pelvic cavity in 57.1% of the vasa and more than 3 cm. of the vas had been resected in 37%. Sperm was noted in vasal fluid in 45.2% of the vasa during the operation and the patency rate of inguinal vasovasostomy was 88.9%. Ipsilateral epididymovasostomy performed after patent inguinal vasovasostomy in 5 patients with secondary epididymal obstruction resulted in normal sperm density and 3 pregnancies. In 7 men more than 2 procedures were done. There was sperm in the ejaculate in 12 of the 14 patients who had had azoospermia preoperatively and apparently increased sperm density postoperatively in 4 of the 8 who had not had azoospermia preoperatively. Pregnancy was achieved by 7 of the 21 married men (33.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsurgical reanastomosis of the seminal tract resulted in high patency and pregnancy rates in cases of seminal tract obstruction caused by childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy. Patients should elect seminal tract reanastomosis or assisted reproductive technology using epididymal or testicular sperm after receiving sufficient information on each treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muguruma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shichiri
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome