The deep mycoses in HIV infection.
The deep mycoses are uncommon infections, usually acquired from the inhalation or ingestion of fungal spores, sometimes from the soil in areas of endemicity, such as in the Americas and south-east Asia, or from decaying vegetable matter. They are also seen in immunocompromised persons and, increasingly, in HIV-infected persons. Respiratory involvement is frequent, with granuloma formation, and mucocutaneous involvement may be seen. Oral lesions of the deep mycoses are typically chronic but non-specific, though nodular or ulcerative appearances are common. Person-to-person transmission is rare. In HIV disease, the most common orofacial involvement of deep mycoses has been in histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and zygomycosis. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by lesional biopsy although culture may also be valuable. Treatment is with amphotericin or an azole.
Scully
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Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital for Oral Health Care Sciences, London, UK.
de Almeida
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D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000209:etiology; D001393:Azoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000209:etiology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology
D001393:Azoles; D000666:Amphotericin B