title: A cadaveric and clinical evaluation of endoscopically assisted zygomatic fracture repair.
abstract: An endoscopic method of malar arch repair without a bicoronal incision has been recently described. To determine the effectiveness of this new technique, a cadaver study was performed to evaluate the capacity of this technique to (1) restore the anatomic position of a fractured malar arch, (2) rigidly fixate the arch, and (3) avoid injury to the frontal branch of the facial nerve. The technique of endoscopically assisted fracture repair was then applied to a clinical series of consecutive patients presenting with displaced zygomatic fractures with comminution at the malar arch. All cadaveric specimens repaired with this endoscopic technique demonstrated anatomic reduction and rigid fixation of the arch without disruption of the frontal branch of the facial nerve. In all clinical cases, four-point rigid plate fixation (zygomaticofrontal, infraorbital, malar arch, and zygomaticomaxillary buttress) was achieved endoscopically with limited access incisions. All clinical cases demonstrated excellent skeletal restoration of the zygoma on postoperative computed tomography scans. On clinical examination, facial symmetry and normal facial nerve function were observed in all patients after operation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Trabulsy
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*