title: Interleukin-1 beta induces cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in cultured endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that PGs may play an obligatory role in blastocyst implantation. Cyclooxygenase (also known as PGH synthase) isozymes 1 and 2 catalyze the rate limiting steps in the biosynthesis of PGs. The ubiquitous cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) subserves housekeeping functions, whereas the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed by limited cell types and tightly controlled. Here we report the induction of COX-2 gene expression by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in cultured human endometrial stromal cells. COX-2 activity was induced by IL-1 beta (1 ng/mL); conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid to PGF2 alpha increased from 2.6 +/- 0.6 ng/well (mean +/- SEM; n = 6) to 22.2 +/- 5.6 ng, but was completely blocked (2.8 +/- 0.7 ng/well) by NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor. Undetectable in quiescent stromal cells, messenger ribonucleic acid for COX-2 was induced 30 min after IL-1 beta treatment, reached a maximum at 4 h, and decreased after 15 h. Protein synthesis was not required for induction of the COX-2 gene, as it was blocked by actinomycin D but not by cycloheximide. The 70-kDa COX-2 protein was not detected in quiescent cells, became detectable 6 h after IL-1 beta treatment, and remained detectable even after 15 h. IL-1 beta (0.1-100 ng/mL) increased the luciferase activity in promoterless luciferase reporter containing the 900-bp 5'-flanking sequence (-891 to +9) of the COX-2 gene in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 of 0.1-1 ng/mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA. jhuang@obg.med.uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadollahi
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Dawood
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003609:Dactinomycin; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D003513:Cycloheximide; D015237:Dinoprost; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases