title: Hodgkin's disease: correlation of clinical characteristics with probabilities for negative lymphangiogram vs. negative laparotomy findings in patients with Stage I supradiaphragmatic presentations vs. those in patients with Stage II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At a time both when late complications and second malignancies have become a growing concern and when staging laparotomy has been largely abandoned and comparative studies for staging Hodgkin's disease by state of the art computed tomography (CT) vs. lymphangiography have revealed minimal differences in results for these procedures, our purpose for undertaking this study was twofold. Our initial reason was to determine and compare probabilities for negative abdominal findings for patients with Stage I presentations with those for patients with Stage II as determined by lymphangiography and subsequently by laparotomy for those patients who had negative lymphangiograms. Our second reason, being an extension of the first, was to create a resource that can be used in conjunction with other information for arriving at appropriate treatment decisions including giving either more or particularly less than standard institutional therapy and especially with respect to the abdomen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 714 patients with prelymphangiogram Stage I-II upper torso presentations of Hodgkin's disease were entered prospectively in our database between 1968 and 1987. Twenty-eight with lymphocyte predominant disease, who had both negative lymphangiogram and negative laparotomy findings and 17 with questionable diagnoses of lymphocyte-depleted or unclassified disease were excluded from subsequent analyses of 669 patients with nodular sclerosis (NS) and mixed cellularity (MC) diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stage I: in final logistic models, negative lymphangiogram findings were associated strongly with a combination of no constitutional symptoms and nodular sclerosis histology, whereas negative laparotomy findings correlated strongly with a combination of no constitutional symptoms and female sex. Predicted probabilities depended on the ratios of favorable to unfavorable characteristics. Stage II: in final logistic models, negative lymphangiogram findings were associated strongly with a combination of no constitutional symptoms, nodular sclerosis histology, age <40 years, and <4 involved sites, whereas negative laparotomy findings correlated strongly with a combination of <4 involved sites and mediastinal disease. Predicted probabilities again depended on the ratios of favorable to unfavorable characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that probabilities for negative abdominal findings for patients with supradiaphragmatic presentations of NS and MC Hodgkin's disease depended on: 1) whether the disease presented as Stage I or as Stage II; 2) whether staging was limited to a lymphangiogram or whether it included a laparotomy; and 3) or whether the clinical features associated with the presenting stage and methods of staging were favorable or unfavorable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: N Q
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hagemeister
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabanillas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008220:Lymphography; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D012737:Sex Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology