title: Axial loading induces rotation of the proximal carpal row bones around unique screw-displacement axes.
abstract: The changes in carpal bone alignment secondary to the application of an axial compressive load through the major wrist motor tendons while the wrist is kept in neutral position (isometric loading) have been investigated on 13 fresh cadaver specimens using a biplanar radiographic method of kinematic analysis. The scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum rotate an average of 5.1, 4.2, and 3.8 degrees, respectively, around different screw displacement axes, all implying flexion, radial deviation and supination. Based on these findings, a new interpretation of the mechanism by which the wrist remains stable under physiologic loads is provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Elias
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ritt
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Linscheid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002102:Cadaver; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012667:Lunate Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D011884:Radius / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013484:Supination / Q000502:physiology; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology; D019415:Torque; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*