title: [Use of muscular flaps for the treatment of open fractures of limbs. Apropos of 42 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since 1988, skin defect associated with upper (6 cases) or lower (34 cases) limb fractures were treated in our Orthopaedic Department with regional or free muscular flaps. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that muscular flaps represent a treatment of choice for infection prevention and consolidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 patients have been treated: 29 Cauchoix III or IV, 12 secondary exposed fractures, 1 amputation. A total of 42 flaps, including 28 regional flaps and 14 microvascular free-tissue transfers were performed. A first stage included thorough debridement, fixation with external fixator in 85 per cent, and revascularization (4 cases). A second look was necessary in all but 3 cases: flap coverage was performed at this stage. A bone graft was proposed in 17 cases after a mean time of 3 months and 20 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bony healing was found in 37 cases (86.5 per cent) with a mean delay of 7 months 20 days. 5 patients required another method of treatment because of flap necrosis or non-union, with an average time to bony healing of 13 months. 42 tissue transfers were performed with an overall success rate of 95.3 per cent (2 necrosis of latissimus dorsi flaps). 3 partial necrosis involved 2 regional and 1 free flap. One of them needed another treatment. No infection was encountered in 40 cases (95 per cent) even if most of the patients were treated after initial treatment elsewhere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experience with regional muscle transfer has advocated the gastrocnemius and proximal pedicle medial soleus as reliable and excellent choice for reconstruction of the proximal and middle third of the leg. Latissimus dorsi transfer, which can be used totally, partially, or as a "vascular graft flap" represent the treatment choice for extensive upper or lower limb exposed fracture especially for distal lower limb fracture (exposure of the tibia). Muscle flap coverage in the acute period (within 48 or 72 hours) remains for us the best treatment.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Réparatrice, CHU, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Nen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Guillou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dubrana
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Poureyron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lefevre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps
vernacular_title: Utilisation des lambeaux musculaires dans le traitement des fractures ouvertes des membres. A propos de 42 cas.