title: Modified ultrafiltration improves left ventricular systolic function in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to test the hypothesis that use of modified ultrafiltration after cardiopulmonary bypass improves intrinsic left ventricular systolic function in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension transducers, to measure the anteroposterior minor axis diameter, and a left ventricular micromanometer. Patients were randomized to modified ultrafiltration (n = 11, age 226 +/- 355 days, weight 6.7 +/- 3.1 kg) or control (n = 10, age 300 +/- 240 days, weight 7.0 +/- 2.5 kg) (all differences p > 0.05 between groups). Left ventricular systolic function was assessed by means of the slope of the preload-recruitable stroke work index. Myocardial cross-sectional area was measured by echocardiography. Data were acquired immediately after separation from bypass, at steady state, and during transient vena caval occlusion. Data acquisition was repeated after 13 +/- 5 minutes of modified ultrafiltration or after 12 +/- 5 minutes without modified ultrafiltration in the control group. Inotropic drug support was the same at both study points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the modified ultrafiltration group, the filtrate volume was 363 +/- 262 ml. The hematocrit value increased from 26.0% +/- 2.7% to 36.7% +/- 9.5% (p = 0.018), myocardial cross-sectional area decreased from 3.72 +/- 0.35 cm2 to 3.63 +/- 0.36 cm2 (p = 0.04), end-diastolic length increased from 25.6 +/- 9.0 mm to 28.8 +/- 9.9 mm (p = 0.01), and end-diastolic pressure fell from 5.6 +/- 0.8 mm Hg to 4.2 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (p = 0.005), suggesting an improved diastolic compliance. In the control group, the hematocrit value, myocardial cross-sectional area, end-diastolic length, and pressure did not change (all p > 0.05). Mean ejection pressure increased in the ultrafiltration group (p = 0.001) but did not change in the control group (p = 0.22). The slope of the preload-recruitable stroke work index increased after ultrafiltration from 52.3 +/- 52.0 to 74.2 +/- 66.0 (10[3] erg/cm3) (p = 0.02) but did not change in the control group (p = 0.07). One patient from each group died in the postoperative period. Patients in the ultrafiltration group received less inotropic drug support in the first 24 hours after the operation (156.62 +/- 92.31 microg/kg in 24 hours) than patients in the control group (865.33 +/- 1772.26 microg/kg in 24 hours, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of modified ultrafiltration after cardiopulmonary bypass improves intrinsic left ventricular systolic function, improves diastolic compliance, increases blood pressure, and decreases inotropic drug use in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006400:Hematocrit; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents