title: Field survey instrumentation and radioanalytical procedures for NORM.
abstract: The comprehensive monitoring and analysis of NORM is extremely difficult and involves a wide range of equipment and techniques. The instruments to be used can depend on both the national legislation of the country in which the measurements are being undertaken and the operational conditions under which they are carried out. These can dictate whether dose rate, alpha/beta contamination or gamma contamination measurements are taken. In some circumstances the total activity of the samples can be estimated using the gamma activities of the radionuclides present, while in others only full gamma and alpha spectral analysis will suffice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Aberdeen, U.K.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heaton
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles; D001417:Background Radiation; D001610:Beta Particles; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D011850:Radioactive Waste; D011851:Radioactivity; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis; D018505:Waste Management / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D011850:Radioactive Waste; D011868:Radioisotopes; D014501:Uranium; D013910:Thorium; D011886:Radon