title: Posterior capsule polishing with the neodymium:YLF picosecond laser: model eye study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability and threshold energy of the neodymium:yttrium-lithium-fluoride (Nd:YLF) picosecond laser to achieve micron-level polishing of a latex posterior capsule facsimile (PCF) as an alternative to laser capsulotomy to treat posterior capsule opacification.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A solid-state, mode-locked Nd:YLF picosecond laser was used to polish a latex PCF in contact with a poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens (IOL) in an experimental model eye. Eight study groups were treated at different energy levels ranging from 5 to 15 microJ. All treatments were done at least three times in different latex capsules and lenses. An atomic force microscope was used to measure IOL damage and an interferometric surface analysis microscope to assess the polishing effect on the PCF. The IOLs were further subjected to a scatter analysis to assess the optical significance of the damage produced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The latex PCF revealed a polishing effect with all energy settings used. The IOLs were damaged with all energy settings but 5 microJ. Energy settings higher than 5 microJ caused significantly more polishing effect to the latex and damage to the lenses. At the 10 microJ energy level, a single parameter with no depth produced a relative polishing depth of 3.01 microns +/- 0.10 (root mean square +/- SD). At this energy, the damage to the IOLs was 188 +/- 20.52 nm, and it was associated with typical craters over the surface at regular intervals that corresponded to each individual laser pulse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model documented the feasibility of achieving micron-level precision in excising material with the picosecond laser and showed that posterior capsule polishing should be feasible and safe in human eyes.
authors.affiliation: Genesee Valley Eye Institute, Rochester, New York 14618, USA.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Hanuch
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papernov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Cerro
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aquavella
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate