title: Anti-inflammatory activities of cAMP-elevating agents: enhancement of IL-10 synthesis and concurrent suppression of TNF production.
abstract: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exert key roles in some acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study we investigated (1) the potency of different cAMP-elevating agents in enhancing IL-10 synthesis, (2) the involvement of protein kinase A in this enhancement, and (3) the mutual dependence of cAMP-enhanced IL-10 formation and cAMP-suppressed TNF synthesis. Rolipram, a specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor and cicaprost, a prostacyclin analogue, were applied as cAMP-elevating agents. The stable cAMP antagonist (Rp)-cAMPS was used to abrogate activation of protein kinase A. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF was quantified by radioimmunoassay, IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. After LPS stimulation alone 253+/-45 pg/mL IL-10 was synthesized, which increased to 644+/-117 pg/mL in the presence of 1 microM rolipram. (Rp)-cAMPS reversed this increase of IL-10 formation. In the same samples, the LPS-stimulated production of TNF was markedly attenuated by rolipram or cicaprost. A kinetic analysis revealed a significant increase in TNF production before IL-10 formation was detectable. These results demonstrate that (1) cAMP-elevating agents enhance IL-10 synthesis and suppress TNF production; (2) these regulative functions of cAMP-elevating agents are mediated by activation of protein kinases A; (3) suppression of TNF synthesis by cAMP in the early phase is not mediated by endogenous IL-10. Taken together, rolipram and cicaprost exert a dual regulatory function by enhancing IL-10 formation and attenuating TNF synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eigler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Emmerich
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endres
mesh_terms: D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005215:Fasting; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020889:Rolipram; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D011464:Epoprostenol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020889:Rolipram; C043867:cicaprost