title: Studies on the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects and mode of action of 8-nitro-7-hydroxycoumarin.
abstract: A derivative of coumarin, 8-nitro-7-hydroxycoumarin (8-NO2-7-OHC), was synthesised, purified and characterised. The cytostatic and cytotoxic nature of this compound was determined using both human and animal cell lines grown in vitro for 96 h in the presence of drug (0-500 microM, equivalent to 0-104 microg/ml). 8-NO2-7-OHC was shown to be cytotoxic to three cell lines, but cytostatic to all cell lines tested. With K562 and HL-60 cells, cell death was found to occur by apoptosis. This cytotoxic effect was found to be irreversible, with cell death continuing to occur following a 96 h recovery period. The cytostatic effects were found to be irreversible in four of the five cell lines tested. 8-NO2-7-OHC demonstrated its cytostatic effects within 24 or 48 h, while its cytotoxic effects appeared more gradually. The IC50 of 8-NO2-7-OHC was 475-880 microM, depending on the cell line tested. It was shown to exert its cytostatic effect through an alteration of cell cycle. It also inhibited DNA synthesis. The toxicity of 8-NO2-7-OHC does not appear to be mediated through the multi-drug resistance (MDR) protein since it caused significant cytostatic and cytotoxic effects to CHrC5 cells, which have an increased expression of this protein. This compound was shown to be non-mutagenic in a standard Ames test, both with or without a mammalian enzyme activation system. The applications and mode of actions of coumarins are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Regional Technical College, Tallaght, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016466:CHO Cells; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C110433:8-nitro-7-hydroxycoumarin; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009153:Mutagens; D014468:Umbelliferones