title: Effect of frequency altered feedback and audience size on stuttering.
abstract: The effect of frequency altered feedback (FAF) and audience size on stuttering frequency was examined. Nine adults who stutter orally read to audiences of two, four and 15 people under conditions of FAF (one-half octave shift down) and non-altered auditory feedback (NAF). There was no statistically significant effect of audience size on stuttering frequency (p > 0.05). A statistically significant reduction in stuttering frequency was found under FAF relative to NAF (p < 0.5). Collapsed across audience conditions, stuttering frequency was reduced by 74%. These findings suggest that FAF may be useful as a treatment tool.
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalinowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stuart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013342:Stuttering / Q000628:therapy*