title: Venomous marine creatures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many venomous marine creatures inhabit Australian waters, causing significant morbidity and occasional fatalities. No antivenom is available for most of these creatures. Little is known about the venom or syndromes produced by many of these creatures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article discusses the features of envenomation by some of the more commonly encountered venomous marine creatures, and the recommended first aid and medical management of such envenomations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information contained within this article is intended to provide the reader with an overview of some of the more common marine envenomations, and hopefully with the knowledge to effectively manage such problems.
authors.affiliation: Australian Venom Research Unit, Cabrini Private Hospital.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hawdon
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Winkel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001315:Australia; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000506:poisoning; D005397:Fish Venoms / Q000506:poisoning; D005400:Fishes, Poisonous; D006801:Humans; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000506:poisoning*; D008978:Mollusk Venoms / Q000506:poisoning; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D049831:Octopodiformes; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy; D037401:Scyphozoa; D012860:Skates, Fish; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000992:Antitoxins; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D005397:Fish Venoms; D008387:Marine Toxins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms