title: Head registration techniques for image-guided surgery.
abstract: Localization of the pathological structures in relation to the surrounding anatomy and understanding of the surgical anatomy are probably the most important keys to successful neurosurgery. Image-guided surgery is an important tool for understanding an individual's anatomy and for precisely locating the lesion. Head registration is the most important step in image-guided surgery, required by every system in use today, although these systems show great differences. In this study, head registration techniques and user algorithms in 83 image-guided surgery cases were analyzed. Several types of fiducials including skin markers, bone fiducials, and the stereotactic frame were used for registration. Clinical applications, ease of use, and computer-calculated accuracy values for each type were compared. The average accuracy was 1.50 mm. X-spot skin markers are the fiducials most commonly used with CT scan. The stereotactic frame was the most accurate method, with an accuracy of 0.69 mm. Disc-shaped fiducials were used when MRI was the imaging modality; they provided an average accuracy of 2.62 mm. Head registration is an important part of image-guided surgery; the procedure used for registration should be based on the requirements of each individual case. Our results indicated that the stereotactic frame is the most accurate method of registration; however, skin markers provide reasonable accuracy with significant ease of use and patient comfort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dujovny
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Charbel
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Ausman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers