title: [Early diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma by random biopsies in 60 patients clinically negative but with PSA greater than 8.9 ng/ml].
abstract: 60 patients, 64 years old on average, with no evidences of prostatic cancer, but with a PSA level greater than 8.9 ng/ml, have undergone six transrectal systematic sextant biopsies. All patients had no suspicious finding on digital rectal examination. Ultrasound transrectal examinations did not show hypoechoic areas suspected of a prostatic cancer. We used an automatic biopsy gun fitted with an 18 gauge biopsy needle. Three biopsies in each lobe, at the apex, in the midline zone and at the base of the prostate, in the parasaggital plane, was performed. No complications were found during following days. Of the 60 men, with a non suspicious prostate on rectal examination, 12 had prostatic cancer. They had, on average, a PSA level of 10.8 ng/ml. The PSAD level was, on average, of 0.18 and the Gleason score was, on average, of 3.8. The patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy did not have an infiltration of the glans capsule of seminal vesicles and no lymph node metastasis were found. In our study, the digital rectal and ultrasound examination alone would have missed the 23% of prostatic cancers. Therefore, according to the literature, the PSA makes us able to discover prostatic cancer more than the clinical and instrumental evaluation alone. Furthermore the ultrasound examination presents some diagnostic limits. Particularly it is very difficult to detect small cancer arising into the hypoechoic multinodular adenoma of the transition zone. In addition 10-20% of cancers, arising into the peripheral zone, are hysoechoic with the surrounding parenchyma. For that reason, when PSA value is greater then 8.9 ng/ml without clinical or ultrasound evidence of cancer, we recommend to perform six systematic sextant biopsies. At present, the real question is to determine whether this early diagnosis is useful for patients, because there is no certainty of the therapeutic benefit in terms of quantity and quality life.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Urologia, Ospedale di Rho, MI.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottanelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rovellini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sciaraffia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marcelli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
vernacular_title: Diagnosi precoce del carcinoma prostatico tramite biopsie random in 60 pazienti clinicamente negativi per neoplasia ma con PSA superiore a 8.9 ng/ml.