title: Preconditioning human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of simulated "ischemia" and "reperfusion" were evaluated in cell cultures of human ventricular cardiomyocytes and human saphenous vein endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocyte and endothelial cell cultures were exposed to a low volume (1.5 ml) of either hypoxic (oxygen tension = 16 mm Hg) or anoxic (oxygen tension = 0 mm Hg) phosphate-buffered saline solution for 90 minutes ("ischemia") followed by 30 minutes of simulated "reperfusion." Cell injury was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion. Next, the effects of a preconditioning stimulus were evaluated by a brief (10 minute) exposure to hypoxic or anoxic ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion before prolonged (90 minutes) anoxic ischemia. Finally, the effects of anoxic preconditioning on intracellular lactate accumulation and extracellular lactate and acid release were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Ischemia" and "reperfusion" resulted in greater injury to endothelial cells than to cardiomyocytes. In both cell types, anoxic ischemia resulted in greater injury than hypoxic ischemia. Preconditioning reduced cell injury in myocytes but not in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells produced more lactate than cardiomyocytes under normoxic conditions. Ischemia increased lactate accumulation and release in cardiomyocytes but not endothelial cells. Preconditioning reduced lactate accumulation and release in cardiomyocytes but not endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelial cells were more susceptible to the same period of simulated ischemia than cardiomyocytes. Preconditioning protected cardiomyocytes but not endothelial cells from a subsequent prolonged period of ischemia and reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weisel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ikonomidis
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tumiati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merante
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mickle
mesh_terms: D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid