title: [Interactions of dry soda lime with enflurane and sevoflurane. Clinical report on two unusual anesthesias].
abstract: We report two cases of unexpected courses of inhalation anaesthesia with sevoflurane and enflurane which were caused by the presence dry soda lime. Case 1: During mask induction of a healthy 46-year-old female patient for elective hysterectomy it was noted that the vaporizer setting of 5% sevoflurane (in 50% O2, 50% N2O) did not result in the expected increase of inspiratory sevoflurane concentration. At the same time, the anaesthesiologist observed that the patient did not lose consciousness while the temperature of the soda lime canister increased sharply and the colour of the soda lime turned to blue with condensing water visible in the tubing. It was later determined that this anaesthesia machine had not been used for more than 2 weeks. Analysis of the soda lime showed a water content of <1%. Case 2: Following intravenous induction of a non-smoking 64-year-old male patient for elective gastrectomy, it was noted that the concomitant inhalation of enflurane was associated with a sharp rise in the temperature of the soda lime canister, a colour change of the soda lime to blue and a decrease in the measured inspiratory enflurane concentration despite an unchanged or even increased vaporizer setting. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed a CO-Hb concentration of 8.8% with otherwise normal acidity and partial gas pressures. Immediate change of the absorbant resulted in a decline in the CO-Hb concentration to 6.9% within 3 h. It was later determined that the anaesthesia machine had not been used for 34 h. Analysis of the soda lime showed a water content of 5.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both case reports were associated with a rise in temperature and a colour change to blue of the soda lime. Reactions of desflurane, enflurane or isoflurane with dry soda lime resulting in significant CO-Hb formation have been previously reported. Reactions of sevoflurane with dry soda lime have been observed but have so far not been published. Until further analysis of these phenomena is completed, it is mandatory for the patient's safety to guarantee that only soda lime with a sufficient water content be used for clinical anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum der Anaesthesiologie und Wiederbelebung, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Janshon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dudziak
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000097:blood; D004737:Enflurane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010087:Oxides; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D004737:Enflurane; D010100:Oxygen
vernacular_title: Interaktion von trockenem Atemkalk mit Enfluran und Sevofluran. Klinischer Bericht über zwei ungewöhnliche Anästhesieverläufe.