title: The role of parents in end-of-life decisions in neonatology: physicians' views and practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  End-of-life decisions for newborn infants are usually made with the consent of parents as well as physicians, but may occasionally involve disagreement about which decision is in the best interest of the child. Our study was aimed at providing an empirical background for the ethical discussion on the parent's versus the physician's role in decision-making.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted face-to-face interviews with a stratified sample of pediatricians. The response rate was 99%. The most recent decisions in newborn infants to hasten death or not prolong life and the most recent cases in which such decisions were not made because either the parents or the physician objected were comprehensively discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decisions to hasten death or not prolong life were usually made after discussing it with parents and did not occur while parents were known to disagree. Situations in which an end-of-life decision was not made because parents did not consent predominantly involved infants with complications of prematurity (24%) or perinatal asphyxia (40%), whereas situations in which parents requested an end-of-life decision that was not acceded to by the pediatrician involved Down syndrome as the main diagnosis in 43% and as a concurrent diagnosis in 21%. Pediatricians afterwards often expressed feelings of discontent about situations in which there had been disagreement with parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The opinion of parents about which medical decision is in the best interest of their child is for pediatricians only decisive in case it invokes the continuation of treatment. The principle of preserving life is abandoned only when the physician feels sufficiently sure that the parents agree that such a course of action is in the best interest of the child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van der Maas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van der Wal
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kollée
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Holl
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003657:Decision Making; D005066:Euthanasia, Passive / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009359:Neonatology; D009426:Netherlands; D010290:Parents; D010372:Pediatrics; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies