title: Ultrasound spirometry in the horse: a preliminary report on the method and the effects of xylazine and lobeline hydrochloride medication.
abstract: A new computerised ultrasound-based spirometry system according to Buess et al. (1995) modified by a double flow measurement facility was used to study pulmonary function in healthy horses and horses affected with subclinical and manifest chronic bronchiolitis (CB). The horses were first evaluated at rest without any medication. On another occasion all horses were tested following i.v. administration of xylazine (0.4 mg/kg) and following i.v. administration of lobeline hydrochloride (l.hy.; 0.2 mg/kg) to evaluate the effect of xylazine and l.hy. on different spirometric variables. Ultrasound-based spirometry proved to be an easily applicable method for lung function testing, even in difficult horses. However, there existed a pronounced physiological variation for all measured lung function parameters and no significant differences between healthy horses and horses with chronic bronchiolitis could be found except for the expiratory tidal volume (VTE p < 0.05). Individually, a marked decrease of variability from breath to breath following either xylazine and l.hy. administration could be observed for all parameters, except the flow-time-ratio (Tpef./ Texp.) and the flow-volume-ratio (Vpef./Vexp).
authors.affiliation: Division of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Berne.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herholz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschudi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Straub
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008120:Lobeline / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D019141:Respiratory System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019141:Respiratory System Agents; D014991:Xylazine; D008120:Lobeline