title: Smoking cessation among inner-city African Americans using the nicotine transdermal patch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of the transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation in inner-city African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient in an inner-city hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer-generated random numbers table with a block size set at 20 was used to randomize 410 patients to one of two study arms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The transdermal nicotine patch for 10 weeks as an adjunct to brief counseling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 410 patients randomized, mean age was 48 years, 65% were female, 41% had less than a high school education, 51% had an annual household income of less than $8,000, and the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 20. Quit rates at 10 weeks were 21.5% (44/205) with the nicotine patch, and 13.7% (28/205) with the placebo patch (p = .03). At 6 months, quit rates were 17.1% (35/205) with the nicotine patch, and 11.7% (24/205) with the placebo patch (p = .08). After adjusting for baseline differences in age and educational attainment, differences remained significant at 10 weeks (p = .04), but were not significant at 6 months (p = .14). Compliance rates for return visits were 83%, 78%, 55%, and 52%, at 1, 2, 6, and 10 weeks, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nicotine patch significantly improves short-term quit rates in inner-city African Americans who are interested in trying to quit smoking. Efforts should be made to reach underserved populations through smoking cessation programs, and to assist in maintaining abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McNagny
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D001741:Black or African American; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010045:Outpatients; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods; D012923:Social Class; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine