Decreased dependence of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in multiple sclerosis patients. A marker of activated/memory T cells.
Although multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy individuals have similar frequencies of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells, the activation state of these cells has not been well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of MBP-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in MS patients, healthy controls, and stroke patients. MBP-reactive T cells from healthy controls and stroke patients failed to proliferate efficiently when costimulation was blocked using anti-CD28, consistent with a naive T cell response. In contrast, MBP-specific T cell proliferation was not inhibited, or was only partially inhibited when CD28-mediated costimulation was blocked in MS patients. Blockade of CD28 failed to inhibit tetanus toxoid-specific T cell proliferation in both the controls and MS patients, demonstrating that memory cells are not dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation. Limiting dilution analysis indicated that the frequency of MBP-reactive T cells was significantly decreased in healthy controls compared with MS patients when CD28-mediated costimulation was blocked. These data suggest that MBP-reactive T cells are more likely to have been activated in vivo and/or differentiated into memory T cells in MS patients compared with controls, indicating that these cells may be participating in the pathogenesis of MS.
Lovett-Racke
A E
AE
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Trotter
J L
JL
Lauber
J
J
Perrin
P J
PJ
June
C H
CH
Racke
M K
MK
D000069594:Abatacept; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002455:Cell Division; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D000069594:Abatacept