title: [Magnetic resonance angiography of the vessels of the neck: the optimization of a dynamic technic during the rapid infusion of a paramagnetic contrast medium].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new noninvasive technique, dynamic Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) during rapid infusion of paramagnetic contrast medium, has been recently developed for the study of neck vessels. This study was carried out to optimize technical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women; age range: 25 to 50 years) were examined with a 1.5 T MR unit equipped with fast imaging software and a dedicated coil. Dynamic MRA was performed using fast spoiled gradient recalled (fast SPGR) sequences acquired on the coronal plane 13 s after contrast medium injection. Imaging parameters were: Echo Time (TE): 1 ms, Repetition Time (TR): 8 ms, flip angle: 60 degrees, matrix 256 x 128, number of excitations: 1, field of view: 18 x 13 cm, number of partitions per slab: 28, slice thickness: 1 mm, acquisition time: 32 s. A dose of .2 mmol/kg of paramagnetic contrast medium was administered with an MR compatible automatic injector, at a speed rate of 1.5 ml/s. Angiographic images were postprocessed with the maximum intensity projection (MIP) and targeted MIP algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the above parameters and rapid contrast medium injection, the carotid arteries on the coronal plane (including the vessels from the proximal aspect of the common carotid arteries to the intracranial tract of the internal carotid arteries) in 18 cases. In the other two cases the tortuosity and the position of the carotid arteries on two different planes, prevented their complete visualization. The vertebral arteries were completely demonstrated in 50% of the investigated population. Partial or total overlapping of jugular veins did not affect the recognition of the carotid vessels in 10 cases, also with targeted MIP postprocessing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vascular semiology of dynamic gadolinium enhanced MRA seems to be closer to that of conventional angiography than of conventional MRA, likely due to the same modality of vessel depiction, based on contrast medium administration. Flow artifacts, the major pitfall of conventional MRA causing signal void and overestimation of stenosis grade, are not frequent in dynamic MRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gadolinium enhanced dynamic MRA ensures panoramic and high resolution angiographic-like depiction of the neck vessels, providing rapid and excellent definition of vascular morphology. Thus dynamic MRA appears to be a substantial alternative to conventional MRA and conventional angiography.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Diagnostica per immagini, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scarabino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carriero
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Giannatempo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Armillotta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Salvolini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
vernacular_title: Angiografia con Risonanza Magnetica dei vasi del collo: ottimizzazione della tecnica dinamica durante infusione rapida di mezzo di contrasto paramagnetico.