title: Combined inhibitory effect of fluoride and hypothiocyanite on the viability and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans, serotype c.
abstract: The separate and combined effects of peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite (HOSCN/OSCN-) and F- ions on glucose uptake and growth of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were investigated. S. mutans cells were grown to late exponential or stationary growth phase, harvested, washed and suspended in 2.0 ml of sterilized human whole saliva supplemented with 10 mM D-glucose. This saliva-bacteria mixture was supplemented with 5-150 microM H2O2 at pH 5.0 or 6.5. At pH 5.0, up to 103 +/- 21 microM HOSCN/OSCN- was generated. After 20 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, the saliva-bacteria suspension exposed to HOSCN/OSCN- were plated on mitis salivarius agar plates and incubated anaerobically for 2 days. Identical experiments were made with F- ions (0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mM). Both HOSCN/OSCN- and F- caused a significant dose-dependent growth inhibition at pH 5.0, whereas no inhibition was observed at pH 6.5. When F- and HOSCN/OSCN- were added simultaneously at pH 5.0, an additive effect of growth inhibition was observed. In glucose incorporation experiments the bacteria-saliva mixture was exposed to 1 microM HOSCN/OSCN-, 0.5 mM F- or both. F-, HOSCN/OSCN- or their combination in sterilized whole saliva at pH 5.0 caused 14.2, 67.8 and 74.2% inhibition, respectively. These observations indicate that F- and HOSCN/OSCN- ions have an additive inhibitory effect on S. mutans and therefore their combination is likely to be more antibacterial than either agent alone.
authors.affiliation: Turku Immunology Centre, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenander-Lumikari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loimaranta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hannuksela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenovuo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekstrand
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D013861:Thiocyanates; D010544:Peroxidases; D005947:Glucose; D005459:Fluorides