title: [Role of pulse spray thrombolysis in acute ischemia of the extremities--comparison of results with the low dose technique of local thrombolysis, embolectomy and thrombectomy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported mortality of patients suffering from acute limb ischemia is in the range of 10% to 30%, as is the incidence of amputation in the survivors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The evaluation of the pulse spray thrombolysis (PST) role in the treatment of acute extremity ischemia originating from thrombosis or embolism of native artery or bypass graft. The comparison of PST with low dose technique thrombolysis (LD), thrombectomy (TE) and embolectomy (EE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety nine consecutive patients were evaluated during a two year interval (1994-1996). PST, resp. LD, TE and EE were the method of choice in 22, resp. 11, 35 and 31 patients of average age 58.3 +/- 13.7; resp. 60.0 +/- 8.9; 74.2 +/- 11.7; 76.9 +/- 9.3 years. The native artery was occluded in 15 (68.2%), resp. 8 (72.7%), 31 (88.6%) and 30 (96.8%) patients with PST, resp. LD, TE and EE treatment. The vascular reconstruction was occluded in the rest of the cases. The lower limb extremity arteries were occluded in 20 (90.9%) of patients indicated for PST, 10 (90.9%) for LD, 33 (94.3%) for TE and 26 (83.9%) for EE. The contraindication for local fibrinolysis was severely ischemic limb in which viability was imminently threatened.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PST was successful in 19 (86.4%), LD in seven (63.4%), TE in 13 (37.1) and EE in 27 (87.1%) patients. The failure of procedure required amputation in one patient (4.5%) with PST, one (9.1%) with LD, nine (25.7%) with TE-p < 0.001 and two (6.5%) with EE. The mortality was 4.5% (one patient), resp. 0%, 28.6% (10 patients)-p < 0.001 and 3.2% (one patient) in PST, resp. LD, TE and EE. The long term results were better if the successful local fibrinolysis was combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), stent implantation or small vascular reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PST is the method of choice in the treatment of thrombotic or embolic occlusion of native artery or bypass graft in condition of good limb viability where there is no danger of time delay. EE is indicated in limb embolism where the viability of extremity is threatened. Thrombectomy alone has no place in the treatment of artery or bypass graft thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgická klinika Fakultní nemocnice v Plzni, Plzen, Ceská republika.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Treska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valenta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Slauf
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Certík
mesh_terms: D017128:Embolectomy; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017131:Thrombectomy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods
vernacular_title: Postavení pulsní sprayové trombolýzy u akutní koncetinové ischemie--porovnání výsledků s "low dose" technikou lokální trombolýzy, embolektomií a trombektomií.