title: In defence of andragogy. Part 2: An educational process consistent with modern nursing's aims.
abstract: In 1987 the English National Board (1987) made it clear that it supported a move towards an andragogical approach to nurse education. Recently such moves have been questioned as has the validity of andragogy (Darbyshire 1993). In response to such challenges this paper extends some of the arguments made in the article 'In defence of andragogy' (Milligan 1995). It is argued that andragogy provides a framework within which care and other crucial aspects of the nurse-patient/client relationship can be mirrored and thereby facilitated in future practitioners. In the socialization processes inherent in nurse education, care is surely difficult to teach or facilitate unless the philosophy and methods are consistent with such ends. Furthermore, it is frequently argued that as educationalists we need to be consistent in our approach to students with that which we hope to see in their future practice (Bevis & Murray 1990). Andragogy offers a medium through which this can be facilitated. It is essentially a humanistic educational process that values the individual. The power relationship between the educator and student is much more horizontal than is found in the historically common hierarchical educational relationship. An educational process based upon andragogy therefore mirrors important parts of the nurse-patient/client relationship. It offers a theory of education consistent with the aims of modern day nursing practice. We should seek to improve our understanding of andragogy and no longer conceptualize it as one end of a false dichotomy with pedagogy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Mental Health Care, Faculty of Health Care and Social Studies, University of Luton, Bedford, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milligan
mesh_terms: D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D016294:Models, Nursing; D011588:Psychology, Educational; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*