title: Alternative promoters and cardiac muscle cell-specific expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger gene.
abstract: Many studies have investigated the regulation of the Na+/ Ca2+ exchanger, NCX1, but limited data exist on transcriptional regulation of the NCX1 gene. We have identified the transcription start sites of three tissue-specific alternative promoters of NCX1 transcripts from rat heart, kidney, and brain. We have characterized the cardiac NCX1 promoter, from which the most abundant quantities of NCX1 transcripts are expressed. Transfection of primary cardiac myocytes, CHO cells, and COS-7 cells with overlapping genomic DNA fragments spanning the NCX1 cardiac transcription start site has uncovered a cardiac cell-specific minimum promoter from -137 to +85. The cardiac NCX1 promoter is TATA-less but has putative binding sites for cardiac-specific GATA factors, an E box, and an Inr as well as multiple active enhancers. The kidney NCX1 promoter has a typical TATA box and binding sites for several tissue-specific factors. The brain NCX1 promoter is very GC-rich and possesses several Sp-1 binding sites consistent with its ubiquitous expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90095-1760, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Philipson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lytton
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D019556:COS Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015698:Genomic Library; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C110374:sodium-calcium exchanger 1