title: Psychiatric, neuropsychological, and psychosocial features of DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a clinically referred sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the validity of the DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using structured diagnostic interviews and psychometric measures of cognitive and social functioning, the authors assessed 413 children and adolescents consecutively referred to a pediatric psychopharmacology clinic since 1991.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked psychiatric differences were found among DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD, but few differences were found in cognitive or psychosocial functioning. The greatest psychiatric differences were found between the combined-type subjects (who tended to show more impairment in multiple domains) and the other two subgroups. The inattentive patients, however, were more likely to have required extra help in school. The hyperactive-impulsive patients were not different from controls on rates of depression, Child Behavior Checklist measures of social functioning, or psychometric measures of intellectual functioning and academic achievement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that, regarding clinical features, combined-type patients have a more severe disorder than the other DSM-IV subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit of the Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012917:Social Adjustment; D009626:Terminology as Topic