title: Inducible apoptosis-promoting activity in retinal cell-conditioned medium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apoptosis is implicated in the death of retinal cells during both retinal differentiation and degeneration. We sought to investigate potential diffusible retinal cell signalling factors which may be responsible for this phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  72 hr conditioned medium was collected from death-induced R28 retinal cells undergoing serum-starvation. This conditioned medium was filtered, titrated and added to fresh cultures of R28 cells for 24 hr. Cell death was measured by trypan blue exclusion; apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL-in situ, DNA gel electrophoresis, and observations of cell morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptotic cell death was at least two-fold greater in retinal cultures which received death-induced cell-conditioned medium. This apoptotic activity in conditioned medium did not appear to be due to nutrient-depletion of the medium, as the control situation (72 hr conditioned medium from resistant, non-dying cells) did not produce the same effect. This diffusible apoptotic activity was heat-labile (56 degrees C for 45 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown for the first time, in our system, that death-induced retinal cells release a diffusible, heat-labile apoptosis-promoting element. Further investigation will be necessary to determine whether this trigger of apoptosis is a toxic metabolite or an "apoptosis-promoting factor".
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. GAIL_SEIGEL@URMC.ROCHESTER.EDU
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Seigel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned