title: Changes in macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration in serum and follicular fluid in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the changes of macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration in serum and compare macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration in follicular fluid (FF) through IVF-ET cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera and the matched FFs were collected serially through the IVF-ET cycles and analyzed retrospectively with respect to macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kumamoto University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four women underwent 129 cycles of ovulation induction by using GnRH agonist (GnRHa)-hMG-hCG for IVF-ET program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and FF macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentrations were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in serum and FF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration was gradually increased throughout ovarian stimulation, and reached a peak from the day of oocyte retrieval to 2 days after oocyte retrieval, whereas no significant change in macrophage colony-stimulating factor was observed in cases of poor ovarian response to hMG. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration in follicles was significantly higher than that in sera on the day of oocyte retrieval, and the concentrations in follicles from which oocyte could be retrieved were significantly higher than those from which oocyte could not be retrieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that gonadotropins lead to an increase in ovarian macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, and that this macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in response to hMG administration is lost in poor ovarian responders. Thus, macrophage colony-stimulating factor may play an important role in the process of follicular maturation and ovulation as an intraovarian regulator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002064:Buserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D008596:Menotropins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002064:Buserelin