title: Cervicothoracic tumors: results of resection by the "hemi-clamshell" approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to describe the "hemi-clamshell" approach for the resection of primary and metastatic tumors of the cervicothoracic junction, evaluate its morbidity and mortality, and present survival data on a series of 42 patients who underwent resection with the use of this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of the records of all patients of a single surgeon undergoing resection of tumors of the cervicothoracic junction. Data collected includes tumor type and involvement, type of resection, complications, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two patients underwent resection of various primary (n = 28) and metastatic (n = 14) tumors of the cervicothoracic junction over 6.5 years by means of the hemi-clamshell approach. En bloc resection of the tumor and invaded structures was successful in all but two patients (5%), who required an additional posterolateral thoracotomy to facilitate removal of tumor invading the posterior chest wall. Invaded structures that were resected included lung (n = 22), vertebral body (n = 7), chest wall (n = 8), central veins (n = 10), thyroid (n = 3), carotid artery (n = 1), and cervical esophagus (n = 1). Four major complications occurred in three patients, and nine minor complications occurred in eight patients. There were no deaths. The overall 5-year actuarial survival was 67.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumors of the cervicothoracic junction are represented by a variety of histologic types and can be both primary and metastatic. The hemi-clamshell approach is a successful technique for the exposure and resection of these tumors. This approach has significant advantages over other previously reported techniques. The complication rate is low and the mortality rate is zero in this series, the largest yet reported. Long-term survival is acceptable if complete resection can be performed.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service, The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Korst
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Burt
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome