title: Demonstration of ischemia-reperfusion injury separate from postoperative infarction in coronary artery bypass graft patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting there are two possible causes of myocardial injury: (1) global ischemic myocardial injury during aortic cross-clamping and subsequent reperfusion, and (2) postoperative myocardial infarction. We studied the use of cardiac marker proteins to specifically and separately detect such injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of enzymes (creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB) and nonenzymatic proteins (fatty acid-binding protein and myoglobin) were measured in 8 low-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass, 8 low-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass, and 39 high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass, of whom 7 experienced a postoperative myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 0.5 hours after reperfusion significantly increased plasma levels of all markers were noted in patients having the operation with cardiopulmonary bypass, but not in patients having the operation without cardiopulmonary bypass. In patients who had a postoperative myocardial infarction, a second significant increase of each marker was found, but that of fatty acid-binding protein was recorded 4 hours earlier than that of creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, or myoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative myocardial injury can be diagnosed from the release of cardiac marker proteins into plasma already at 0.5 hours after the start of reperfusion. For early assessment of postoperative myocardial infarction, fatty acid-binding protein is a more suitable plasma marker than are creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, or myoglobin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Academic Hospital Maastricht, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Maessen
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hermens
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Glatz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018996:Myelin P2 Protein / Q000097:blood; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C107608:FABP7 protein, human; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D018996:Myelin P2 Protein; D009211:Myoglobin; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D003402:Creatine Kinase