title: The heroin epidemic in New York City: current status and prognoses.
abstract: Since 1989, heroin production worldwide has risen; in New York City, as its purity rose and prices fell, street-level markets were restructured and offered heroin in addition to cocaine and crack (which had been popular during the 1980s). While officials estimate that there are between 500,000 and one million hard-core, chronic heroin users nationwide, evidence of supplemental users heralding another heroin era includes: more overdoses and overdose deaths, greater demand for treatment, larger seizures of heroin at all levels of distribution and related arrests, and broader media coverage. In this article, the authors describe the characteristics of populations in which there may have been a percentage increase of new users, such as young middle- or upper-class European-Americans, young Puerto Ricans and recent Haitian and Russian immigrants. The abstinence of young African-Americans is also noted. The article ends with a preliminary needs assessment of the new users in the areas of health (including AIDS), housing, employment, treatment, arrest and imprisonment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York 10019, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bushell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindenmayer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brimberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdur-Rashid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Settembrino
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin