title: Results of long-term experimental carcinogenicity studies of the effects of gasoline, correlated fuels, and major gasoline aromatics on rats.
abstract: Unleaded gasoline, with high aromatic content, leaded gasoline, gasoil (diesel), kerosene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene were submitted to long-term experimental carcinogenicity bioassays. The mixtures and the compounds were administered by stomach tube, in olive oil, once daily, 4 days weekly, for 104 weeks, to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were kept under control until the end of the experiments. With varying degrees of evidence, all the tested materials were found to increase the total number of malignant tumors and of some site-specific tumors. They must therefore be considered carcinogenic. On the basis of our results the rank of carcinogenic potency of the tested aromatic hydrocarbons increases in the following order: 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, toluene (benzene).
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Bentivoglio Castle, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maltoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciliberti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soffritti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belpoggi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menarini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D001681:Biological Assay; D002273:Carcinogens; D005260:Female; D005742:Gasoline; D007648:Kerosene; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D014050:Toluene; D014992:Xylenes
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D002273:Carcinogens; D005742:Gasoline; D007648:Kerosene; D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; C004912:ethylbenzene