title: Increased levels of prostaglandins and nitric oxide in esophageal mucosa of children with reflux esophagitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is said to be both protective and detrimental for esophageal mucosal integrity. Nitric oxide (NO) controls several esophageal neuromuscular functions, including relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The purpose of this study was to verify PGE2 and NO levels in esophageal mucosa of children with reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were 10 children, age range 7 to 12 years, affected by reflux esophagitis. The control subjects were 10 children, age range 6 to 11 years, with recurrent abdominal pain. Tissue fragments obtained by esophageal biopsies were placed in a culture medium and processed to obtain a cell suspension. Cells were incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Thereafter, supernatants were collected and divided into aliquots to determine the amounts of PGE2 and NO metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esophageal cells obtained from reflux esophagitis patients synthesize and release a significantly higher (p < 0.01) amount of PGE2 and NO (PGE2 1.9 +/- 0.56 ng/10(6) cells per 24 hours; NO 124.94 +/- 18.36 microM/10(6) cells per 24 hours) than did the control group (PGE2 0.66 +/- 0.14 ng/10(6) cells per 24 hours; NO 68.03 +/- 12.3 microM/10(6) cells per 24 hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in esophageal mucosa, PGE2 and NO, in low concentrations, are protective, whereas, at high doses, they can be harmful. Higher amounts of PGE2 and NO in the esophageal mucosa of reflux esophagitis patients suggest that similar noxious stimuli trigger the inducible forms of the respective enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zicari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frandina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pontieri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cucchiara
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015232:Dinoprostone