title: Beyond tamoxifen: the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 (TARGRETIN) causes complete regression of mammary carcinoma.
abstract: Recently, we reported that LGD1069, a high-affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), was shown to have an efficacy equivalent to that of tamoxifen (TAM) as a chemopreventive agent in the N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary carcinoma model. Furthermore, LGD1069 was very well tolerated during 13 weeks of chronic therapy with no classic signs of "retinoid-associated" toxicities. Due to the high efficacy and benign profile of this RXR agonist as a suppressor of carcinogenesis, we examined its role as a therapeutic agent on established mammary carcinomas. In the rat mammary carcinoma model, N-nitroso-N-methylurea was used to induce tumors, and the tumors were allowed to grow to an established size prior to initiation of treatment. LGD1069-treated animals showed complete regression in 72% of treated tumors and had a reduced tumor load compared to control. In addition, the combination of LGD1069 and TAM showed increased efficacy over either agent alone. Histopathological analysis showed a reduction of LGD1069-treated tumor malignancy, an increase in differentiation, and a sharp decrease in cellular proliferation compared to vehicle-treated control tumors. These data demonstrate that the RXR-selective ligand LGD1069 is a highly efficacious therapeutic agent for mammary carcinoma and enhances the activity of TAM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Retinoid Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gottardis
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lamph
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077610:Bexarotene; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D000077610:Bexarotene