title: Comparison of single-dose oral granisetron versus intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized parallel study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antiemetic effectiveness and safety of single-dose oral granisetron were compared with intravenous (I.V.) ondansetron in chemotherapy-naive patients who received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, parallel-group study, patients naive to emetogenic chemotherapy (N = 1,085) who were scheduled to receive cyclophosphamide- (500 to 1,200 mg/m2) or carboplatin (> or = 300 mg/m2) based chemotherapy, were randomized to receive either oral granisetron (n = 542) or I.V. ondansetron (n = 543). Efficacy assessments included the proportion of patients in each treatment group with total control over the 24 and 48 hours following chemotherapy initiation, as well as incidence and severity of nausea and emesis and use of antiemetic rescue medication. Prophylactic corticosteroids were allowed. Safety assessment was based on patients' reports of adverse experiences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 80% of patients received prophylactic corticosteroids. Single-dose oral granisetron (2 mg) and I.V. ondansetron (32 mg) resulted in equivalent levels of total emetic control during the first 48 hours after chemotherapy. The proportion of nausea- and emesis-free patients at 24 and 48 hours were also approximately equivalent. The most commonly reported adverse experiences were headache, asthenia, and constipation. More patients who received ondonsetron than granisetron reported dizziness (9.6% v 5.4%, respectively; P = .011) and abnormal vision (4.2% v 0.6%, respectively; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single oral dose of granisetron (2 mg) resulted in equivalent levels of antiemetic protection as I.V. ondansetron (32 mg). Both agents were well tolerated, although more dizziness and abnormal vision were reported with ondansetron. Because the two antiemetic regimens exhibited equivalent efficacies, additional factors such as convenience and cost of therapy should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. perez.edith@mayo.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hesketh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandbach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bushnell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D017829:Granisetron; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D017294:Ondansetron