title: Craniofacial parameters during growth from the deciduous to permanent dentition--a longitudinal study.
abstract: Data on the dynamics of craniofacial growth, obtained by simple non-invasive measurements, are scarce in comparison with those collected by cephalometric methods. The aim of this study was to measure a number of craniofacial parameters, and to evaluate their changes during transition from the deciduous to the permanent dentition. A sample of 61 subjects (32 boys and 29 girls) were followed longitudinally by annual examination from an initial mean age of 4.7 years to a final mean age of 11.8 years. Conventional anthropometric instruments were employed to measure six craniofacial variables: G-Op, Eu-Eu, Zy-Zy, Go-Go, N-Gn and N-Pr. The data were analysed using basic summary statistics and a longitudinal regression model. A difference between males and females was found for all variables during the study period. During the transition from deciduous to mixed dentition (4.7-7.5 years), the cranial breadth and length (Eu-Eu and G-Op) decreased followed by an increase during the mixed dentition. All other parameters showed a continuous increase, which was highest for the variables defining facial height.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gazi-Coklica
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Muretić
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brcić
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milicić
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D014716:Vertical Dimension