title: Reopening after successful coil occlusion for patent ductus arteriosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to determine the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) reopening and the factors that may predict reopening after successful coil occlusion.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter coil occlusion is a widely used and accepted method to close a PDA. After documented successful coil occlusion, we found PDAs that reopened. We hypothesized that specific factors are involved in those that reopened.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent percutaneous transarterial PDA coil occlusion were studied. Successful coil occlusion was documented. PDA reopening was determined when Doppler-echocardiography (DE) performed after the procedure was negative for PDA flow but at follow-up demonstrated PDA shunting. Patients with a reopened PDA were compared with all other patients in evaluating independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coil occlusion for PDA was attempted in 22 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 20 patients (91%), and DE was negative for PDA shunting in 19 patients (90%). At follow-up, five patients demonstrated reopening. The PDA minimal diameter was 1.4 +/- 0.5 mm (mean +/- SD) for the reopened group and 1.2 +/- 0.7 mm for the other patients. The PDA length was 2.9 +/- 1.9 mm for the reopened group and 7.1 +/- 3.2 mm for all other patients. All those with type B PDA were in the reopened group. When independent variables were compared between groups, only PDA length and type B PDA predicted reopening (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDA reopening may occur after successful coil occlusion. Short PDA length and type B PDA are associated with reopening. The data suggest that in such anatomy, alternative strategies to the current coil occlusion technique should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Division/Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbus Children's Hospital and Ohio State University College of Medicine, 43205, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Teske
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wheller
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001027:Aortography; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002933:Cineradiography; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome