title: A survey of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its relationship to HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis disease among patients with and without HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  An historical prospective evaluation of patients with culture-proven tuberculosis reported between January 1988 and December 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  A major metropolitan county public health department.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 802 consecutive culture-positive tuberculosis patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. HIV serologic testing and drug susceptibilities were completed on 741 (92%) eligible patients. Of these patients, 646 tested HIV-negative and 95 (12.8%) tested HIV-positive. Patients not tested for HIV (n = 59) and without drug susceptibilities (n = 2) were excluded from the analyses. Outpatient management was based on a policy of universal directly observed therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient HIV status, initial drug resistance and acquired drug resistance. Isolates were characterized for resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, rifabutin, ethambutol, streptomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin and ethionamide. Determination of initial resistance was based on the first available susceptibility study and acquired resistance on subsequent susceptibility studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial drug resistance was found in 55 (8.5%) HIV-negative patients and four (4.2%) HIV-positive patients. Acquired drug resistance occurred in five (0.8%) HIV-negative patients and one (1.1%) HIV-positive patient. These differences were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV infection is not a risk factor for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Increased drug resistance in HIV infected tuberculosis patients reflects a failure of tuberculosis control in the underlying population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Spellman
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Matty
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Weis
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003625:Data Collection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents