title: Cytochrome P-450 metabolites mediate norepinephrine-induced mitogenic signaling.
abstract: Norepinephrine (NE) stimulates release of arachidonic acid (AA) from tissue lipids in blood vessels, which is metabolized via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase (LO), and cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) pathways to biologically active products. Moreover, NE and AA have been shown to stimulate proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rat aorta. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible contribution of AA and its metabolites to NE-induced mitogenesis in VSMCs of rat aorta and the underlying mechanism of their actions. NE (0.1 to 10 micromol/L) increased DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation in VSMCs, and this effect was attenuated by inhibitors of CYP-450 (17-octadecynoic acid, 5 micromol/L; 12-diabromododec-11-enoic acid, 10 micromol/L; and dibromo-dodecenyl-methylsulfimide, 10 micromol/L) and by the LO inhibitor (baicalein, 20 micromol/L), but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin, 5 micromol/L). CYP-450 and LO metabolites of AA, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) (0.1 to 0.5 micromol/L) and 12(S)-HETE, respectively, increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in VSMCs. Both NE and 20-HETE increased mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase activity as measured by the in-gel kinase assay. The inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase, PD-98059 (50 micromol/L), attenuated NE as well as 20-HETE induced [3H]thymidine incorporation and MAP kinase activation in VSMCs. These data suggest that products of AA formed via CYP-450, most likely 20-HETE, and via LO mediate NE induced mitogenesis in VSMCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Center for Health Sciences, Memphis 38163, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Muthalif
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Karzoun
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Benter
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; C047008:17-octadecynoic acid; C006680:baicalein; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D013936:Thymidine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D007213:Indomethacin