title: Approaching cross-national comparisons of nursing home residents.
abstract: METHODS
  since the 1990 implementation of the US nursing home Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI), researchers in other nations have begun to use the RAI to assess institutionalized elders for payment, research, or planning purposes. We report comparative statistics representing institutionalized residents in seven nations, describing from several hundred to hundreds of thousands of residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  significant differences are seen in age and length of stay, and in summary measures of physical and cognitive functioning and case-mix. Countries also differ in their homogeneity across nursing homes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  these differences strengthen the position that 'nursing home' does not provide a sound basis for cross-national comparisons, and should be replaced with resident-specific descriptors. This also suggests that cross-national comparisons need to adjust at the level of the individual resident for differences in resident populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gerontology and School of Public Health, VA Medical Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2007, USA. bfries@umich.edu
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilgen
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Jónsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States