title: Radiation-induced tumors in irradiated stage I testicular seminoma: results of a 25-year follow-up (1968-1993).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Testicular seminoma is a very radiosensitive and curable cancer, with survival rates following radiation therapy within the range of 90-98% without apparent severe side effects. However, long-term survival following exposure to moderate-dose radiation therapy can result in radiation-induced tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of radiation-induced tumors was determined in 81 irradiated stage I testicular seminoma patients treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center (NIOC) from 1968 through 1993.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three (4%) patients developed second cancers within the high-dose volume. Indeed, those patients received a higher than usual dose to the para-aortic and pelvic regions. One patient, who developed inoperable pancreatic carcinoma, was treated with "hockey stick" field and mediastinal irradiation, plus, as a result of relapses, multiple cisplatin and VP-16 based regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elimination of causative factors through lower total doses and field size reduction may reduce the, albeit very low, incidence of radiation-induced cancer in cured testicular seminoma.
authors.affiliation: Northern Israel Oncology Center, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. m_stein@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leviov
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drumea
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moshkovitz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nativ
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuten
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018239:Seminoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012811:Sigmoid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*