Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material and deoxynivalenol from naturally contaminated wheat incorporated into diets of broiler chicks.
The effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M)/kg of feed from culture material and 16 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg of feed from naturally contaminated wheat were evaluated in growing broiler chicks from 1 day to 21 days of age. Body weight (BW), body-weight gain, and feed consumption were decreased by feeding M and M plus DON diets. Relative heart weight was increased by the M diet, whereas relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, and heart were increased by the M plus DON diet. The M diet increased alanine transferase and aspartate transaminase activities and creatinine concentration and decreased mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The M and DON diet decreased glucose, hemoglobin, and MCHC. Histopathological lesions from the M diet were limited to the kidney and consisted of extensive renal tubular epithelial degeneration plus luminal mineralization. A moderation of the severity of lesions was seen in the tissues of the M plus DON-fed chicks, consisting of generally mild tubular epithelial degeneration. None of the parameters measured were affected by the DON diet. Results indicate additive or less-than-additive toxicity for most parameters when chicks were fed diets containing 100 mg M plus 16 mg DON/kg of feed. Although the concentration of M in this study was high compared with that reported for feedstuffs, additional information on the occurrence and toxicity of M will need to be collected in order to assess the importance of M to the poultry industry.
Harvey
R B
RB
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
Kubena
L F
LF
Rottinghaus
G E
GE
Turk
J R
JR
Casper
H H
HH
Buckley
S A
SA
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D013997:Time Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
D003503:Cyclobutanes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C008539:moniliformin; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C007262:deoxynivalenol