title: The Clarion Multi-Strategy Cochlear Implant--surgical technique, complications, and results: a single institutional experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to review a single institution's experience with Clarion Multi-Strategy Cochlear Implant with respect to surgical technique, surgical complications, and rehabilitative outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a review of patients implanted with the Clarion Multi-Strategy Cochlear Implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting was a tertiary referral center with care delivered in the inpatient and outpatient environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 37 patients were implanted under an Investigational Device Exemption as part of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trial of the Clarion implant. Subsequent patients were implanted after the device received FDA approval. Patients met the following criteria for implantation: 18 years of age or older, psychological and emotional stability, profound postlingual deafness without evidence of middle ear disease, one cochlea at least partially patent, and marginal or no benefit from conventional hearing aids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received implantation with the Clarion Multi-Strategy Cochlear Implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measured were presence or absence of surgical complications and auditory performance with open- and closed-set word and sentence recognition testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 47 patients have been implanted. Three patients have suffered complications: two cases of delayed-onset facial palsy both resolved with steroid therapy and one case of internal cochlear stimulator migration required refixation. Significant improvement in speech understanding has been seen in the majority of patients who were implanted within the first 6 months of device use. Specifically, at 6 months, scores on CID (Central Institute for the Deaf) sentences (implant alone) improved from a preoperative mean of 9% to a mean of 72%, and scores on the NU-6 (Northwestern University) monosyllabic word test increased from a preoperative mean of 3% (range, 0-20%) to a mean of 32% (range, 0-70%). More than two thirds (68%) of the adults were able to understand at least 50% of sentences over the telephone, and half were able to understand at least 75% of the sentence material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' institutional experience with the Clarion Multi-Strategy Cochlear Implant shows minimal surgical morbidity and significant improvement on all open-set test measures of sentence and word recognition.
authors.affiliation: The Douglas Grant Cochlear Implant Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 94143-0342, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lalwani
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Larky
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wareing
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwast
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schindler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D013256:Steroids; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013256:Steroids