title: Genetic analysis of diagnostic systems of alcoholism in males.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research into genes involved in alcoholism could benefit from use of diagnostic systems most sensitive to detecting genetic influences. In this study, heritable influences were estimated in a single twin sample with commonly used criteria for alcoholism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male twin probands ascertained through alcohol and drug abuse treatment programs and their same-sex cotwins (54 monozygotic and 65 dizygotic pairs) were diagnosed independently by DSM-III (alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse and/or dependence), Feighner (probable and definite alcoholism), and Cloninger (type 1 and type 2 alcoholism) systems. Using univariate structural equation modeling, heritability was estimated for each diagnostic system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest heritability estimates were obtained for Feighner probable alcoholism (h2 = .63), Cloninger type 2 alcoholism (h2 = .54), and DSM-III alcohol dependence (h2 = .52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain diagnostic systems appear to have greater sensitivity for detecting genetic influence and may therefore be more appropriate for use in molecular genetic studies attempting to find genes for alcoholism.
authors.affiliation: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: van den Bree
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Svikis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGue
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pickens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic