title: Integrins in thyroid tissue: upregulation of alpha2beta1 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the integrin pattern in the normal thyroid gland and in different pathological disorders including malignant tumors, because the aggressiveness of several malignant tumors correlates with alterations in the expression of one or more integrins.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of integrins and E-cadherin immunohistochemically in a large and well-defined sample of normal and pathological human thyroid tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cryosections of 58 thyroid tissue specimens from normal tissue, thyrotoxicosis, nodular goiter, oxyphilic adenoma, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma, and three lymph node metastases were investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the integrin beta1-, beta4-, alpha1-, alpha2-, alpha3-, alpha5- and alpha6-subunits, or E-cadherin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All thyroid epithelial cells expressed integrin beta1- and alpha3-subunits. Immunostaining of the beta4-subunit and the alpha6-subunits was found only in tumors. The staining pattern in the three lymph node metastases from papillary carcinomas did not differ from that in their primaries. Anaplastic carcinomas demonstrated neoexpression of the integrin alpha2-subunit. E-cadherin was detected in all tissues except anaplastic carcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoexpression of alpha6beta4 was seen in most malignant tumors, whereas alpha2 was exclusively found in anaplastic carcinomas. In the latter, a loss of E-cadherin expression was also seen. These changes in cell adhesion molecule expression strongly suggest an association with the acquisition of proliferative and invasive properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dahlman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grimelius
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westermark
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002196:Capillaries / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D038981:Receptors, Collagen; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D016023:Integrins; D038981:Receptors, Collagen