title: In vitro activity of cefepime and ceftazidime against 197 nosocomial blood stream isolates of streptococci: a multicenter sample.
abstract: The increasing prevalence of streptococci as causes of potentially fatal nosocomial bacteremia requires that antimicrobial agents used for empiric therapy in hospitalized patients include both pneumococci and viridans group streptococci as well as beta-hemolytic streptococci in their activity profile. In this study, the in vitro activity of cefepime, a new fourth-generation cephalosporin, was compared with other cephalosporins versus 197 nosocomial blood stream isolates of streptococci (20 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 104 viridans group, and 73 beta-hemolytic) isolated from patients at more than 30 medial centers from 1995 to 1997. Additional agents tested included penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Overall, cefepime inhibited 83% of the isolates at concentrations < or = 0.5 microgram/mL and 100% at < or = 8 micrograms/mL. By comparison, ceftazidime inhibited 35 and 88% of isolates at the same concentrations. Cefepime was approximately eightfold more potent than ceftazidime against S. pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, and beta-hemolytic streptococci. Among the 42 isolates with penicillin MICs > 0.12 microgram/mL, 100% were inhibited by cefepime and only 48% by ceftazidime at < or = 8 micrograms/mL. The rank order of activity for all six agents against the 197 isolates was vancomycin > ceftriaxone > cefepime > penicillin > erythromycin > ceftazidime. Based on the results of the present study, cefepime and ceftriaxone were the superior cephalosporins in potency and spectrum for empiric coverage of patients at risk for streptococcal blood stream infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D010406:Penicillins; D004917:Erythromycin; D014640:Vancomycin; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime