title: Immunotherapy before and during pregnancy improves pregnancy outcome in women who suffer from recurrent abortion and did not benefit from immunotherapy before pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The appropriate modality of immunotherapy with the husband's mononuclear cells in women with a history of recurrent abortion who aborted despite the immunotherapy performed before pregnancy was explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients who had suffered from recurrent abortion who had received the immunotherapy only before pregnancy and had aborted were treated with further immunotherapy performed either only before pregnancy or twice: before and during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 9 out of the 19 women who received further immunotherapy before pregnancy, 2 had healthy babies and 7 aborted again. In the remaining 10 patients who received further immunotherapy twice, before and during pregnancy, 8 had healthy babies and 2 aborted again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that immunotherapy performed before and during pregnancy produces a better outcome compared with that performed only before pregnancy, especially in patients who showed no benefit from the immunotherapy performed only before pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maejima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013997:Time Factors