title: In vivo genotoxicity of heterocyclic amines detected by a modified alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay in a multiple organ study in the mouse.
abstract: We used a modification of the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay to test the in vivo genotoxicity of 6 heterocyclic amines, Trp-P-1 (25 mg/kg), Trp-P-2 (13 mg/kg), IQ (13 mg/kg), MeIQ (13 mg/kg), MeIQx (13 mg/kg) and PhIP (40 mg/kg), in mouse liver, lung, kidney, brain, spleen, bone marrow and stomach mucosa. Mice were sacrificed 1, 3, and 24 h after intraperitoneal injection. Trp-P-2, IQ, MeIQ, and MeIQx yielded statistically significant DNA damage in the stomach, liver, kidney, lung and brain; Trp-P-1 in the stomach, liver and lung; and PhIP in the liver, kidney and brain. None of the heterocyclic amines induced DNA damage in the spleen and bone marrow. Our results suggest that the alkaline SCG assay applied to multiple organs is a good way to detect organ-specific genotoxicity of heterocyclic amines in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genotoxicity, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hachinohe National College of Technology, Aomori, Japan. yfsasaki-c@hachinohe-ct.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishidate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe-Akanuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsusaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002243:Carbolines / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000633:toxicity; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000633:toxicity; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002243:Carbolines; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; D011810:Quinoxalines; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline; C036990:2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; C019133:3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine; C036989:2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline; C019132:3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole