title: Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion in prepubertal children. Facial and occlusal changes after treatment with either a headgear or a Fränkel function regulator are reported. Molar and canine relationships, overjet, intermolar and intercanine distances were measured from casts taken every 2 months, and mounted on a SAM II articulator. Cephalometric radiographs were taken annually. The results indicate that both the headgear and function regulator were effective in correcting the malocclusion. A common mode of action of these appliances is the possibility to generate differential growth between the jaws. The extent and nature of this effect, as well as other skeletal and occlusal responses differ. Treatment in late childhood was as effective as that in midchildhood. This finding suggests that timing of treatment in developing malocclusions may be optimal in the late mixed dentition, thus avoiding a retention phase before a later stage of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. However, a number of conditions may dictate an earlier intervention in the individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghafari
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Shofer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jacobsson-Hunt
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Laster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003725:Dental Articulators; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome