title: [Urinary calculi and crystalluria in HIV+ patients treated with indinavir sulfate].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-proteases, a new class of anti-HIV drugs used in combination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors have led to spectacular improvement in the patients' clinical status. Since April 1996, indinavir is the most widely prescribed anti-protease in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1996 to July 1997, we analyzed 46 spontaneously expulsed stones in 45 HIV+ patients (35 men and 10 women; age range 25 to 64 years) given indinavir in combination with other drugs since one week to ten months. Only six patients were known to have a past history of renal lithiasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one calculi contained indinavir monohydrate (INDM) identified by mass spectrometry and infrared spectrophotometry. INDM was the only component excepting proteins in 39/45 calculi. In the 12 others, other compounds were also identified. Among the 114 urine samples collected 2 to 3 hours after an 800 mg dose of indinavir, 38 (33%) monohydrate indinavir crystals, identified by infrared microscopy. Mean urinary pH was significantly higher than in samples without INDM crystals (6.53 +/- 0.68 versus 5.96 +/- 0.71, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two measures could possibly reduce the risk of crystalization: administration of urine acidifiers and increased fluid intake to raise diuresis. Alkalinisation is not indicated. Long-term increased fluid intake should be preferred over acidification which could be reserved solely for the treatment of drug-induced lithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Service de Biochimie A, Hôpital Necker, Paris.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daudon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Estépa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kébédé
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Viard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montagnac
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deray
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bricaire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003460:Crystallization; D005260:Female; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir
vernacular_title: Calculs urinaires et cristalluries chez les patients VIH+ traités par le sulfate d'indinavir.