title: Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin, technetium-99m-MIBI and thallium-201 uptake in rat myocardial cells.
abstract: The mechanisms of uptake and intracellular distribution of 99mTc-tetrofosmin, 99mTc-MIBI and 201TI and the behaviors of 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-MIBI in relation to Na+ were studied with primary cultures of myocardial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both the uptake and the washout of the tracers were sequentially measured. The cells were treated with ouabain, bumetanide, tetrodotoxin, dimethyl amiloride (DMA), nigericin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to observe the effects of the uptake and intracellular distribution of the traders. Cells equilibrated in buffers with or without Na+ were treated with monensin and DMA to evaluate the effect of Na+ on the accumulation of the tracers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the similarities in uptake kinetics, there was a higher level of retention of 99mTc-tetrofosmin inside the cells. Ouabain, bumetanide and tetrodotoxin did not show any inhibitory effect on the uptake of 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-MIBI, whereas they produced various degrees of inhibition of 201TI uptake. DMA produced approximately 35% inhibition of 99mTc-tetrofosmin uptake and 50% inhibition of 99mTc-MIBI uptake. Nigericin increased the uptake of 99mTc-MIBI by the cells. The addition of CCCP produced the release of 38% of the accumulated 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 52%-70% of the accumulated 99mTc-MIBI, indicating that these percentages of accumulation were related to mitochondrial uptake. Neither Na+-free buffer nor monensin had any significant effect on 99mTc-tetrofosmin accumulation, but they both caused increased accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The uptake of both 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-MIBI through the cell membrane is partly related to the Na+/H+ antiporter system. Only part of the accumulated 99mTc-tetrofosmin inside the cells enters into mitochondria; most of the accumulated 99mc-MIBI is related to mitochondrial uptake. This uptake may be related to Na+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yamanashi Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arbab
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000502:physiology; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009550:Nigericin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D002034:Bumetanide; C039465:5-dimethylamiloride; C078700:technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D010042:Ouabain; D000584:Amiloride; D008985:Monensin; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D012964:Sodium; D009550:Nigericin