title: Amlodipine lowers blood pressure without increasing sympathetic activity or activating the renin-angiotensin system in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent clinical studies suggest that the reflex increase in sympathetic nervous activity accompanying a reduction in blood pressure may contribute to the untoward effects of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma noradrenaline levels and renin activity are increased with the reduction of blood pressure during the initial phase of administration of the long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonist amlodipine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of amlodipine on ambulatory blood pressure and on diurnal variations in plasma noradrenaline and renin activity were examined 1, 4, and 7 days after the start of amlodipine administration in eight inpatients with essential hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-h mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure on day 7 was significantly lower than it was 1 day before the start of treatment. There was no change in the mean heart rate. The mean trough to peak ratios of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of seven patients were 61% and 71%, respectively. Diurnal patterns of plasma noradrenaline levels and renin activity 1, 4, and 7 days after the start of amlodipine administration were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antihypertensive effects of amlodipine were of slow onset and long duration and were not accompanied by an increase in sympathetic activity or activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaguri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ideishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine; D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine