title: The application of minimal access procedures in infants, children, and young adults with pediatric malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we sought analysis of minimal access procedures in pediatric and young adult oncology patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1997, 84 patients underwent 93 minimal access procedures. Clinical, pathological, and operative details were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 32 females and 52 males with a median age of 14 years (range 3 months to 31 years). The median body weight was 50 kg (range 6-94 kg). There were 47 thoracoscopic procedures and 46 laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopic procedures included liver biopsy (21), diagnostic tumor biopsy (13), lymph node biopsy (4), cholecystectomy (4), oophoropexy (3), and kidney biopsy (1). Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-14 days). Six patients had their procedure converted to an open procedure (13%). Thoracoscopic procedures included diagnostic lung biopsy (22), mediastinal mass biopsy or resection (4), pleural biopsy (5), and pleurodesis (4). Eleven were converted to open thoracotomy (23%). Median hospital stay was 4 days (range 2-35 days). There were two complications after laparoscopy (4%) and three disease-related deaths. There were six complications after thoracoscopy (13%), and three disease-related deaths. Adequate tissue was obtained in all biopsy procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with cancer require operations for diagnosis and staging. Minimal access procedures are safe and effective and allow adjuvant therapy to begin earlier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Saenz
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: LaQuaglia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome