Narcissistic processes: optimistic expectations, favorable self-evaluations, and self-enhancing attributions.
Three studies investigated the relationship between narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; Raskin & Hall, 1979) and three forms of self-enhancement. In Study 1, narcissism positively correlated with predictions of own final course grades, but not with actual grades received. In Study 2, narcissism positively correlated with estimated current course grades; high narcissists tended to overestimate their grades, while low narcissists tended to underestimate them. In Study 3, narcissism was associated with optimistic expectations for own performance on a laboratory interdependence task and with attributions of a successful task outcome to own ability and effort, but it did not correlate with attributions to a partner's ability or effort, suggesting self-aggrandizement but not other-derogation. Narcissism was also associated with weaker gratitude and liking. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the origins and generality of self-enhancement and for the relationship between narcissism and self-functioning in the social domain.
Farwell
L
L
Eastern Washington University, USA.
Wohlwend-Lloyd
R
R
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009289:Narcissism; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012649:Self Concept; D012647:Self-Assessment