title: Modulation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to vertebrate antibacterial peptides due to a member of the resistance/nodulation/division efflux pump family.
abstract: We have previously described the antibacterial capacity of protegrin-1 (PG-1), a cysteine-rich, cationic peptide from porcine leukocytes, against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We now report genetic and biochemical evidence that gonococcal susceptibility to the lethal action of PG-1 and other structurally unrelated antibacterial peptides, including a peptide (LL-37) that is expressed constitutively by human granulocytes and testis and inducibly by keratinocytes, is modulated by an energy-dependent efflux system termed mtr. These results indicate that such efflux systems may enable mucosal pathogens like gonococci to resist endogenous antimicrobial peptides that are thought to act during infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. wshafer@emory.edu
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lehrer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D023082:Defensins; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects*; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D023082:Defensins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C107795:MtrD protein, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C107796:MtrE protein, Neisseria gonorrhoeae