title: Prognostic factors in uterine carcinosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 25 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed mullerian tumor) of the female genital tract is a highly malignant neoplasm. The tumor stage and histologic grade of the carcinomatous component are among the important prognostic indicators cited in the literature for this tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with uterine carcinosarcoma at 4 hospitals in the Kyoto and Nara areas of Japan were studied retrospectively. The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical data including p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate potential prognostic indicators for this neoplasm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year survival rate was 36.4% for all stages, 62.3% for Stage I, and 0% for Stages II-IV. From the univariate analysis, stage (P = 0.0001), endometrioid adenocarcinoma as a carcinomatous component (P = 0.0006), age (P = 0.0355), and a heterologous sarcomatous component (P = 0.0421) were found to be prognostically significant for patient survival. Stage was the only independent significant factor in the multivariate analysis (t = 2.212). None of the other factors (history of pregnancy and gestation, gross appearance of the tumors, grade of the carcinomatous component, mitotic count of the sarcomatous component, Ki-67 and PCNA reactivity, or p53 or bcl-2 positive staining) was found to be a significant prognostic indicator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stage appears to be the only definite independent prognostic indicator of survival in patients with uterine carcinosarcoma. It is uncertain whether age, endometrioid adenocarcinoma as a carcinomatous component, or absence of a heterologous component in the sarcomatous area are prognostic factors. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, or PCNA is not a prognostic indicator. The immunohistochemical results of the current study may support the hypothesis of a common stem cell origin of this tumor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katsuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minamiguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018200:Mixed Tumor, Mullerian / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53