title: Postmortem distribution and redistribution of nitrobenzodiazepines in man.
abstract: The distribution of the nitrobenzodiazepines, flunitrazepam, clonazepam and nitrazepam, and their respective 7-amino metabolites were examined in blood, serum, vitreous humor, liver, bile and urine of decedents taking these drugs. Peripheral blood, serum and liver concentrations were not significantly different to each other. However, vitreous concentrations were one-third of blood, while bile concentrations were 5-12 fold higher. Blood, serum and vitreous contained predominantly the 7-amino metabolite, liver contained only the metabolite, while bile contained significant concentrations of both the parent drug and the 7-amino metabolite. Urine contained only small concentrations of parent drug, however, as expected a number of metabolites were detected. Redistribution studies compared the drug concentrations of femoral blood, taken at body admission to the mortuary, with femoral blood taken at autopsy approximately 39 h later in 48 cases. The concentrations of 7-amino metabolites were not significantly different, however the concentrations of parent nitrobenzodiazepines were significantly higher in the admission specimens. In 6 cases in which subclavian blood was taken, the concentrations were not significantly different to the concentrations in admission blood. Similar findings were observed when femoral and subclavian blood concentrations were compared in 6 cases. There was also no apparent difference in total blood concentrations of nitrobenzodiazepines when blood concentrations taken in hospital shortly prior to death were compared to postmortem blood. Postmortem diffusion into peripheral blood is therefore not a confounding factor in the interpretation of nitrobenzodiazepine concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Drummer
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D009567:Nitrazepam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002998:Clonazepam; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D009567:Nitrazepam