title: [Alterations of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in essential hypertension:their relation to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system].
abstract: Based on our studies at the Hypertension research unit, we have found that the renin-angiotensin aldosterone. System (RAAS) undergoes several changes being the following the most relevant: Low plasma renin concentration (LPRC), while the plasma Aldosterone concentration is high (HPAC). At the same time we found calcium metabolism alterations: High urine calcium excretion, low serum ionic calcium and high PTH level. This alterations are more evident if the elder patient become hypertensive. We have found this changes in several groups in our community: black, ancient, obese and diabetic patients; who more often suffer hypertension and they must be followed up closely. In this group there are the sodium dependent hypertensive and they are the one who can get beneficial effects from the low salt diet and high calcium intake. When we studied the low plasma renin hypertensive we found the calcium changes mentioned before in ancient patient, as well as, high urine Zinc excretion. When we gave and oral calcium supplement to these patients, we saw that the calcium and Zinc alterations mentioned before were corrected. The high plasma renin concentration hypertensive patients showed low serum magnesium concentration and high urine magnesium excretion. A brief comment on the possible role of oxidative stress on essential hypertension is made.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Enrique Tejera, Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García Zozaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padilla Viloria
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000502:physiology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
vernacular_title: Alteraciones del calcio, magnesio y zinc en hipertensión es ncial: sus relaciones con el sistema renina-angiotensina aldosterona.