title: Performance of ULV formulations (Pesguard 102/Vectobac 12AS) against three mosquito species.
abstract: Adulticidal and larvicidal performances of a water-based pyrethroid microemulsion Pesguard PS 102 (AI d-allethrin and d-phenothrin, both at 5.0% w/w) and Vectobac 12AS, an aqua-suspension Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.) formulation (AI 1,200 ITU/mg) were assessed against mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a Leco ULV Fog Generator Model 1600 and a Scorpion 20 ULV AirBlast Sprayer. Laboratory-cultured mosquito adults and larvae were used for efficacy assessment. For trials using Leco, both pyrethroid and bacterial formulations were dispersed both singly and in combination with Pesguard PS 102 at a dosage of 0.2 liters/ha and B.t.i. at a dosage of 1.0 liter/ha. Similar trials with the Scorpion were also conducted with Pesguard PS 102 at a dosage of 0.2 liters/ha and a higher dosage of B.t.i. (1.5 liters/ha). Experiments were conducted in a football field (200 x 100 m) where five check points at 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m downwind from the spray nozzle were chosen for efficacy assessments. Knockdown and mortality were scored at 1 and 24 h postspraying. Results from both trials showed that mortality values varied with distance from spray nozzle. For trials with Leco, fogging with the combination of Pesguard PS 102 and B.t.i. provided larvicidal mortality of > 80% for both Aedes species and of > 60% for Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae at several check points, depending on wind conditions. Complete mortality of adult Aedes mosquitoes at 24 h posttreatment was also achieved, while mortality values for Culex adults reached > 90% under strong wind conditions. As for trials with the Scorpion 20, high adult and larval mortalities were also achieved, with > 90% mortality at some check points. The above study demonstrated the possibility of achieving both larvicidal and adulticidal effects when using a combination of B.t.i. and Pesguard PS 102 in ULV space spray.
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Adanan
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rohaizat
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D003465:Culex; D005260:Female; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D011722:Pyrethrins