title: Congenital undescended testes in neonatal pigs and the effect of exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the neonatal piglet as a possible animal model for cryptorchidism and to determine whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which has been proposed to regulate inguinoscrotal testicular descent, could induce testicular descent in piglets with congenital cryptorchidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 38 cryptorchid piglets to document the anatomy in 8 and to investigate the role of CGRP in 30. The 2-week-old piglets were allocated randomly to receive a mini-osmotic pump containing CGRP at various concentrations or phosphate buffered saline. The pump was inserted surgically into the ipsilateral scrotum, with the contents blinded to the surgeon. The positions of the testes, pump and anatomical landmarks were measured and photographed. The pigs were sacrificed and dissected 2 weeks later, and the positions were remeasured and photographed. The testes were examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 variants of cryptorchidism observed were intra-abdominal in 20 cases, inguinal in 9 and lateral inguinal ectopic in 9. CGRP had no effect on intra-abdominal or ectopic testes. In contrast, for inguinal testes exogenous CGRP caused a slight but significant 10 +/- 7.9 mm. descent towards the pump in 5 cases compared to -2.9 +/- 5.8 mm. in 4 controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous CGRP stimulated migration of inguinal testes that had been arrested in the line of descent while ectopic testes did not respond. These results support a role for CGRP in testicular descent and suggest that a slow release depot preparation might be useful as a possible treatment in some forms of cryptorchidism.
authors.affiliation: F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Royal Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Farmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012611:Scrotum / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D013737:Testis / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide