title: [Animal foci and routes of transmission of Mycobacterium avium].
abstract: The main source of Mycobacterium avium are tuberculous birds especially domestic fowl. Tuberculosis seldom occurs in other domesticated birds. Of free living birds, the synantropic species are affected. These birds are infected by contact with tuberculous fowl and spread the infection. The spread of M. avium in free living birds is not assumed. As to domestic mammals, domestic pigs are the most important source of M. avium. Mycobacteria are eliminated for a short time in the faeces of infected pigs. Irregular elimination of mycobacteria in ruminants (cattle, goats) in milk during bacteriaemia is possible. The transmission of M. avium by meat and eggs of tuberculosis poultry. Of M. avium is spread first of all by excrements of infected birds. The great resistance of M. avium to external conditions is very important for contamination of the environment.
authors.affiliation: VEDIA-soukromá veterinární laborator, Strakonice.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hejlícek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Treml
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014379:Tuberculosis, Avian / Q000635:transmission*
vernacular_title: Animální zdroje a cesty sírení Mycobacterium avium.