title: Transmission of haplotypes of microsatellite markers rather than single marker alleles in the mapping of a putative type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene (IDDM6).
abstract: Allelic association methods based on increased transmission of marker alleles will have to be employed for the mapping of complex disease susceptibility genes. However, because the extent of association of single marker alleles with disease is a function of the relative frequency of the allele on disease-associated chromosomes versus non disease-predisposing chromosomes, the most associated marker allele in a region will not necessarily be closest to the disease locus. To overcome this problem we describe a haplotype-based approach developed for mapping of the putative type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene IDDM6. Ten microsatellite markers spanning a 550 kb segment of chromosome 18q21 in the putative IDDM6 region were genotyped in 1708 type 1 diabetic Caucasian families from seven countries. The most likely ancestral diabetogenic chromosome was reconstructed in a stepwise fashion by analysing linkage disequilibrium between a previously defined haplotype of three adjacent markers and the next marker along the chromosome. A plot of transmission from heterozygous parents to affected offspring of single marker alleles present on the ancestral chromosome versus the physical distance between them, was compared with a plot of transmission of haplotypes of groups of three adjacent markers. Analysing transmission of haplotypes largely negated apparent decreases in transmission of single marker alleles. Peak support for association of the D18S487 region with IDDM6 is P = 0.0002 (corrected P = 0.01). The results also demonstrate the utility of polymorphic microsatellite markers to trace and delineate extended and presumably ancient haplotypes in the analysis of common disease and in the search for identical-by-descent chromosome regions that carry an aetiological variant.
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Eaves
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Twells
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Danoy
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Muxworthy
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cucca
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shield
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto-Wolf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ionesco-Tirgoviste
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thorsby
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Undlien
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pociot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nerup
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ronningen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009679:Nuclear Family; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers