title: Localized detection of action potential-induced presynaptic calcium transients at a Xenopus neuromuscular junction.
abstract: 1. Action potential (AP)-induced fluorescence transients were measured, using Ca2+ indicators and a spot-detection method, at single nerve terminals of a cultured Xenopus neuromuscular junction preparation with simultaneous measurement of neurotransmitter release. 2. Transients obtained using the low affinity Ca2+ indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-5N (OGB-5N) exhibited rapid rising (t1/2 (time at which one-half of the peak fluorescence was attained) = 0.54 ms) and decaying (tau fast = 1.9 ms) phases. The higher affinity indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-2 (OGB-2) produced transients with significantly slower kinetics (t1/2 = 2 ms; tau slow = 73 ms). 3. Tetanic stimulation elicited distinct increases in fluorescence in response to each AP. Each OGB-5N fluorescence increase was more rapid than those observed using OGB-2. Furthermore, a smaller proportion of residual fluorescence at the end of the train was observed using OGB-5N. 4. When OGB-5N was used, a significant [Ca2+] increase was observed prior to the release of neurotransmitter. This was not observed when OGB-2 was used. 5. We conclude that the use of localized optical detection coupled with low affinity Ca2+ indicators can help elucidate rapid changes in presynaptic [Ca2+] dynamics underlying evoked neurotransmitter release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine 90095, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: DiGregorio
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vergara
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005453:Fluorescence; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D002104:Cadmium; D002118:Calcium