title: Tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate as copper sources for weanling pigs.
abstract: We conducted three 28-d experiments involving a total of 915 pigs to assess the relative efficacy of tribasic Cu chloride (Cu2[OH]3Cl) and Cu sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H20) in diets for weanling pigs. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted at an experiment station (University of Kentucky), and Exp. 3 was conducted at a commercial feed company's swine research facilities (United Feeds, Inc.). The basal diet was a fortified corn-soybean meal-dried whey diet (1.25% lysine) with no antimicrobials in Exp. 1 or with carbadox (55 mg/kg) in Exp. 2 and 3. In Exp. 1, 135 pigs were weaned at 27 to 31 d and fed the basal diet without or with 100 or 200 ppm Cu from Cu chloride, or 100 or 200 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate from 7.9 to 17.7 kg BW. The 200 ppm level of Cu from Cu sulfate improved ADG (P < .10), and both levels of Cu from Cu chloride tended to improve feed:gain. In Exp. 2, 150 pigs were weaned at 27 to 31 d and fed the basal diet without or with 100, 150, or 200 ppm Cu from Cu chloride, or 200 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate from 8.9 to 20.8 kg BW. Addition of 200 ppm Cu improved ADG (P < .08) and ADFI (P < .01), but not feed:gain. Source of Cu did not affect performance. In Exp. 3, 630 pigs were weaned at 16 to 20 d and fed a common diet for 10 to 12 d until the start of the experimental period. The same experimental diets as used in Exp. 2 were fed from 9.1 to 25.5 kg BW. Both Cu sources improved ADG (P < .01), and sources and levels of Cu did not differ. Liver Cu increased in pigs fed 200 ppm Cu, and Cu sulfate tended to increase liver Cu more than did Cu chloride in one experiment, but not in another experiment. The results indicate that tribasic Cu chloride is as effective as Cu sulfate in improving growth in weanling pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cromwell
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Monegue
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Orr
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D003300:Copper; C028419:cuprous chloride; D019327:Copper Sulfate