title: Follicular fluid and human granulosa cell cultures: influence on sperm kinetic parameters, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of human granulosa cell (GC) cultures and follicular fluid (FF) on sperm kinetic parameters, hyperactivation, and the acrosome reaction compared with the influence of human tubal fluid (HTF) and Ham's F-10 medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm kinetic parameters, hyperactivation, and the acrosome reaction were evaluated after 6 hours of incubation in HTF, Ham's F-10 medium, FF, and GC cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Centre, Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen normal semen samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm kinetic parameters and hyperactivation were analyzed using an automated videomicrography system, the acrosome reaction was performed using a triple-stain technique, and progesterone and 17OH-progesterone levels were measured with the use of commercially available kits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm kinetic parameters, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of motile sperm, the mean curvilinear velocity, and the mean of the maximum amplitude of lateral head movement were increased significantly after 6 hours of incubation in FF or GC cultures compared with incubation in HTF or Ham's F-10 medium, whereas the mean linearity was decreased significantly. Follicular fluid and GC cultures significantly increased hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction compared with the values obtained using HTF and Ham's F-10 medium. Progesterone and 17OH-progesterone levels were increased significantly after incubation in FF and GC cultures compared with HTF and Ham's F-10 medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follicular fluid and GC cultures increase sperm motility parameters, hyperactivation, and the acrosome reaction. This effect may be related to GC detoxification of the microenvironement or GC secretion of peptides, glycoproteins, growth factors (insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2), or steroids (progesterone and 17OH-progesterone).
authors.affiliation: Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Centre, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porcu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marsella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamigni
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011374:Progesterone; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone