title: Double staining of proteoglycans and the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in pseudoexfoliation material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We combined the techniques of both immunogold and cupromeronic-blue staining with electron microscopy to investigate the possible relationship between proteoglycans and the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in pseudoexfoliation material.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anterior segment was obtained from an enucleated eye with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. After cupromeronic-blue staining, following the method of Scott, specimens were embedded in L. R. White resin. Ultrathin sections were incubated successively in primary monoclonal antibodies, and 10 nm gold-conjugated secondary antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study showed simultaneous presence of the HNK-1 epitope and proteoglycans associated with zonular fibrils and pseudoexfoliation material on the posterior surface of the iris. The HNK-1 epitope was immunolocalized to the periphery of the pseudoexfoliation fibers, while cupromeronic blue-positive filaments bridged adjacent pseudoexfoliation fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proteoglycans and the HNK-1 epitope might play a substantial role in the formation of pseudoexfoliation material via their adhesive function. Proteoglycans probably do not directly bear the HNK-1 epitope in pseudoexfoliation material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. kubota@eye.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawara
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inomata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018959:CD57 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018959:CD57 Antigens; D004396:Coloring Agents; D000939:Epitopes; D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011509:Proteoglycans; C015445:copper phthalocyanine