title: Basal expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-interleukin 6 are dominant and coordinately regulated by interleukin 1 in the pancreatic islet.
abstract: The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 is constitutive whereas COX-2 is regulated in virtually all tissues. To assess whether this dogma holds true in the pancreatic islet, we examined basal and interleukin (IL)-1-regulated expression of COX-2 in HIT-T15 cells, Syrian hamster and human islets, and other Syrian hamster tissues. We found that COX-2, and not COX-1, gene expression is dominant in pancreatic islet tissue under both basal and IL-1-stimulated conditions. Control tissues (liver, spleen, and kidney) showed the expected predominance of COX-1 gene expression. Basal and IL-1-stimulated prostaglandin E2 synthesis were blocked by a specific COX-2 inhibitor. IL-1 stimulation had a biphasic effect on COX-2 mRNA levels with an initial mild increase at 2-4 hr followed by a more dramatic decrease below basal level by 24 hr. The IL-1-induced increase in COX-2 mRNA levels was accompanied by a parallel increase in NF-kappaB binding to COX-2 promoter elements. The subsequent decrease in COX-2 mRNA levels was accompanied by a parallel decrease in NF-IL-6 binding activity and COX-2 promoter activity. Specific mutation of the NF-IL-6 binding motif within the COX-2 promoter reduced basal promoter activity by 50% whereas mutation of the NF-kappaB motif had no effect. These studies provide documentation of NF-IL-6 in the pancreatic islet and that COX-2, rather than COX-1, is dominantly expressed. They suggest coordinate regulation by IL-1 of COX-2 mRNA, NF-kappaB, and NF-IL-6 and raise the issue of whether intrinsically high levels of COX-2 gene expression predisposes the normal islet for microenvironmentally induced overproduction of islet prostaglandin E2.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sorli
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rajotte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maclouf
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016296:Mutagenesis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone