title: Effects of nitric oxide synthesis on reperfusion injury and catecholamine responsiveness in a heterotopic rat heart-transplantation model.
abstract: Global myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury play a major role in early postoperative graft dysfunction. In this study, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on reperfusion injury and catecholamine sensitivity after ischemia was investigated in a heterotopic rat heart-transplantation model. After a 1-h ischemic preservation, reperfusion was started either after application of saline vehicle (control, n = 8) or nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 mg/kg, n = 8) for inhibition of NO synthesis or NO-precursor L-arginine (L-Arg; 40 mg/kg, n = 8), or L-NAME plus L-Arg (n = 8), respectively. After 60 min of reperfusion, continuous dobutamine infusion (5 microg/kg/min) was started. Myocardial blood flow was assessed by the hydrogen-clearance method. An intraventricular balloon was used to measure pressure-volume relations: peak left ventricular pressure, the rate of pressure development (dP/dt), end-diastolic pressure, and isovolumic relaxation constant. Myocardial blood flow was significantly reduced after L-NAME and increased after L-Arg in comparison with control (p < 0.05). The L-NAME group showed decreased systolic and diastolic functional recovery in comparison with control. Simultaneous infusion of L-Arg and L-NAME reversed these effects. L-Arg alone led to a further improvement of cardiac functional recovery. Whereas myocardial blood flow remained unchanged in the L-NAME group with dobutamine infusion, it significantly increased in the control group (p < 0.05). L-Arg antagonized this effect of L-NAME. Dobutamine increased peak left ventricular pressure and dP/dt and shortened the isovolumic relaxation constant in all groups; however, the changes of systolic hemodynamic indices were significantly smaller in the L-NAME group (p < 0.05) and significantly higher in the L-Arg group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that (a) NO production within the graft during reperfusion has a significant beneficial effect on graft function, and (b) NO formation may play an important role in beta-adrenergic responses after heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bátkai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bährle
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dengler
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vahl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic / Q000473:pathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004280:Dobutamine; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester