title: The influence of foot abduction on differences between two-dimensional and three-dimensional rearfoot motion.
abstract: The advantage of a three-dimensional over a two-dimensional approach to rearfoot analysis has been questioned in the past. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in typical rearfoot variables obtained using a two-dimensional analysis compared with a three-dimensional approach. In addition, the influence of foot placement angle on these differences was assessed. Two- and three-dimensional rearfoot kinematics were collected from 18 recreational runners. Two-dimensional values for eversion at toe-off and time to peak eversion were found to be significantly different from the three-dimensional results. Differences between two-dimensional and three-dimensional variables were magnified with increased toe-out. Differences between eversion values were found to be minimal when the foot was abducted between 7 and 10 degrees. The premise that excessive pronators have more pronounced toe-out was not supported by this study. Results suggest that caution should be exercised when assessing two-dimensional rearfoot motion in subjects with excessive toe-out.
authors.affiliation: Joyner Sports medicine Institute; Physical Therapy Department, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McClay
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D009068:Movement; D011403:Pronation; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*