title: Dynamics of the human EEG during prolonged wakefulness: evidence for frequency-specific circadian and homeostatic influences.
abstract: The electroencephalogram (EEG) of nine healthy individuals was recorded at half-hourly intervals during approximately 40 h of sustained wakefulness in a constant routine protocol. EEG power density in the 0.75-9.0 Hz range exhibited a global increasing trend, and a local trough in the evening, centered approximately 6 h prior to the temperature minimum. The former could be attributed to a wake-dependent influence, and the latter to a circadian influence. Power density in the 9.25-12.0 Hz band showed a circadian modulation, the trough coinciding with the minimum of the endogenous rhythm of body temperature, whereas a wake-dependent influence was not evident. Power density in the 12.25-25.0 Hz range exhibited a wake-dependent increase, whereas a circadian modulation was absent. It is concluded that the circadian pacemaker and the wake-dependent (i.e. homeostatic) process affect the waking EEG in a frequency-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. aschbach@box-a.nih.gov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aeschbach
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Postolache
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Giesen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wehr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D013995:Time; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*