title: A cold-adapted lipase of an Alaskan psychrotroph, Pseudomonas sp. strain B11-1: gene cloning and enzyme purification and characterization.
abstract: A psychrotrophic bacterium producing a cold-adapted lipase upon growth at low temperatures was isolated from Alaskan soil and identified as a Pseudomonas strain. The lipase gene (lipP) was cloned from the strain and sequenced. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gene (924 bp) corresponded to a protein of 308 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 33,714. LipP also has consensus motifs conserved in other cold-adapted lipases, i.e., Lipase 2 from Antarctic Moraxella TA144 (G. Feller, M. Thirty, J. L. Arpigny, and C. Gerday, DNA Cell Biol. 10:381-388, 1991) and the mammalian hormone-sensitive lipase (D. Langin, H. Laurell, L. S. Holst, P. Belfrage, and C. Holm, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:4897-4901, 1993): a pentapeptide, GDSAG, containing the putative active-site serine and an HG dipeptide. LipP was purified from an extract of recombinant Escherichia coli C600 cells harboring a plasmid coding for the lipP gene. The enzyme showed a 1,3-positional specificity toward triolein. p-Nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids with short to medium chains (C4 and C6) served as good substrates. The enzyme was stable between pH 6 and 9, and the optimal pH for the enzymatic hydrolysis of tributyrin was around 8. The activation energies for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate and p-nitrophenyl laurate were determined to be 11.2 and 7.7 kcal/mol, respectively, in the temperature range 5 to 35 degrees C. The enzyme was unstable at temperatures higher than 45 degrees C. The Km of the enzyme for p-nitrophenyl butyrate increased with increases in the assay temperature. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Hg2+ but was not affected by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and bisnitrophenyl phosphate. Various water-miscible organic solvents, such as methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, at concentrations of 0 to 30% (vol/vol) activated the enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Esaki
mesh_terms: D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D008049:Lipase