title: Mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin (NFL) in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: randomized comparison to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) and attempts to improve efficacy by adding paclitaxel.
abstract: The combination of mitoxantrone (12 mg/m2 i.v., day 1) 5-fluorouracil (350 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-3) and leucovorin (300 mg i.v. days 1-3) is an active and well-tolerated regimen for metastatic breast cancer. We compared this regimen to a standard CMF regimen (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, methotrexate 40 mg/m2 day 1; 5FU 600 mg/m2 i.v. day 1) in a randomized, phase II study. One hundred and twenty-eight women receiving first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer were treated. NFL produced higher response rates (45% vs. 26%) and longer remissions (9 months vs. 6 months) than did CMF; overall survival was not different (19 months vs. 16 months). Both regimens were well tolerated. In an attempt to improve efficacy, we added paclitaxel (135 mg/m2 i.v. 1-h infusion) to the NFL regimen. Although this regimen was active (51% response rate in first-second-line treatment), myelosuppression was greater than expected. These results confirm the utility of NFL as an active, well-tolerated regimen for the palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate