title: Effect of modified dairy fat on postprandial and fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy young men.
abstract: Fatty acid profile of milk fat can be modified by cow feeding strategies. Our aim was postprandially and after 4 wk to compare the effect of a modified milk fat (M diet) [with 16% of the cholesterolemic saturated fatty acid (C12-16) replaced by mainly oleic and stearic acids] with the effect of D diet, including a conventional Danish milk fat on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. A side effect of the cow feeding regime was a 5% (w/w) increase in trans fatty acid in M diet. Eighteen subjects were fed for two periods of 4 wk strictly controlled isoenergetic test diets with 40% of energy from total fat and the same content of dietary cholesterol in a randomized study with cross-over design. Contrary to expectations, fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration did not differ after the experimental periods. However, M diet resulted in a higher fasting total triacylglycerol concentration compared to D diet (P = 0.009). Postprandial samples were taken at two different occasions (i) at day 21, after breakfast and lunch and (ii) on the last day of the study 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after a fat load. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol and chylomicron triacylglycerol showed higher peak values after D diet than M diet (interaction effect, diet x times P < 0.05). In conclusion, M diet did not lower LDL cholesterol compared to D diet. Thus any cholesterol-lowering effect of oleic and stearic acids may have been obscured by the high content of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids in milk fat. A higher content of the trans fatty acids in M diet might have counteracted the cholesterol neutral/decreasing effect and increased plasma triacylglycerol.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark. TineTholstrup@fhe.kvl.dk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tholstrup
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hermansen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hølmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002914:Chylomicrons; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002914:Chylomicrons; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides