title: Weekly oral azithromycin as prophylaxis for agents causing acute respiratory disease.
abstract: Since the 1950s the U.S. military has used intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) to control outbreaks of respiratory disease. In an effort to find an alternative prophylaxis, a randomized field trial was conducted among 1,016 male U.S. Marine trainee volunteers at high risk for respiratory disease. Participants were evaluated for evidence of acute respiratory infection by serological tests on pretraining and posttraining sera (63 days apart). Oral azithromycin prophylaxis (500 mg/w) outperformed BPG, preventing infection from Streptococcus pyogenes (Efficacy [E] = 84%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63%-93%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (E = 80%; 95% CI, 50%-92%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (E = 64%; 95% CI, 25%-83%), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (E = 58%; 95% CI, 15%-79%) in comparison with results in a no-treatment group. Azithromycin group subjects reported few side effects and less respiratory symptoms than the BPG and no-treatment groups. According to serological tests, oral azithromycin is an effective alternative prophylaxis to BPG for military populations.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Division, Naval Health Research Center, Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit No. 5, San Diego, California 92186-5122, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McPhate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cassell
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Deperalta
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Karcher
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laurila
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Connor
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010401:Penicillin G Benzathine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D017963:Azithromycin; D010401:Penicillin G Benzathine