title: [Right ventricular thrombus after pacemaker implantation in a patient with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome].
abstract: METHODS
  An 85-year-old woman was admitted because of frequent syncopes. She also reported slight weight loss, cough and dyspnoea. Chest auscultation revealed slight stridor and a cardiac arrhythmia, with an irregular ventricular rate between 120 and 140 beats/min.
  
  
  METHODS
  She had a thrombocytopenia (96 platelets/nl), and the ECG and long-term monitoring showed a tachyarrhythmia with atrial fibrillation, a bifascicular block (left anterior hemiblock and right bundle branch block), as well typical signs of sick-sinus syndrome with short periods of bradycardic sinus rhythm and pauses of up to 6 s on rhythm change. Echocardiography indicated moderately reduced left ventricular function. Chest radiogram revealed tracheal narrowing by a retrosternal goitre. No evidence of tumour was found on bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A VVI pacemaker was implanted. When the platelet count dropped to 30/nl idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was suspected, but administration of high doses of corticoids and immunoglobulin was without effect. Another echocardiogram, performed because of chest pain suspicious of pulmonary embolism, revealed a large bowl-shaped right ventricular thrombus with floating parts. Demonstration of anticardiolipin antibodies established the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS), thought to be secondary to thyroid cancer suspected from the computed tomography. The patient died 2 months later from recurrent pulmonary embolism and progressive liver failure. Autopsy revealed a not previously diagnosed tracheal carcinoma with metastases to the thyroid, as well as haematogenous metastatic foci within the right ventricular thrombus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In case of thrombocytopenia of uncertain aetiology APLS should be included in the differential diagnosis, even in the absence of any early or acute thrombosis. If anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant are demonstrated, malignant neoplasm should be considered in addition to autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: I. Medizinische Klinik, Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Klinik am Eichert, Göppingen.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofgärtner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bürkle
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmeiser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bösch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sigel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
vernacular_title: Rechtsventrikulärer Thrombus nach Schrittmacherimplantation bei sekundärem Antiphospholipid-Syndrom.