title: Endothelin receptor A is expressed and mediates the [Ca2+]i mobilization of cells in human ciliary smooth muscle, ciliary nonpigmented epithelium, and trabecular meshwork.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify which endothelin receptor subtype is expressed and is functional in the human ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, tissues that regulate aqueous humor dynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunocytochemistry was used to characterize the primary culture cells of normal human ocular cells. Endothelin receptor gene expression was probed with reverse transcription of polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) mobilization was measured with video image microscopy using Fura-2AM as a fluorescent probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Identities of primary cultures, human ciliary smooth muscle (HCSM), ciliary nonpigmented epithelial (HCE), and trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells were confirmed by immunocytochemistry, using cell-specific markers and observing typical cell morphologies. The presence of endothelin receptor A (ETA) was detected with RT-PCR in all three types of cells. The mRNA phenotype was verified with restriction enzyme BamHI digestion. No ETB receptor subtype expression was detected with RT-PCR under the cell culture conditions used. The [Ca2+]i of HCSM cells was increased from 57 +/- 7 nM to 328 +/- 108 nM (n = 23; mean +/- SE; P < 0.05) by 1 nM endothelin-1 (ET-1). In HCE cells, [Ca2+]i increased from 40 +/- 3 nM to 90 +/- 10 nM (n = 55) (P < 0.001) with the same concentration of ET-1. Similarly, ET-1 (1 nM) increased the [Ca2+]i from 51 +/- 6 nM to 185 +/- 47 nM (n = 19) (P < 0.001) in the HTM cells. The agonist for ETB, S6c, had no effect on [Ca2+]i transients in all three cell types. No ETB receptor expression was detected in these cell types under the experimental and culture conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ETA receptor is expressed and is possibly responsible for mediating the signal for [Ca2+]i mobilization by ET-1 in human ciliary smooth muscle, ciliary nonpigmented epithelial cells, and trabecular meshwork cells.
authors.affiliation: North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prasanna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimitrijevich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorio
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2