A pilot study on modified endoscopic variceal ligation using endoscopic ultrasonography with color Doppler function.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study was to evaluate feasibility of modified endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), namely the "intensive ligation" method, using endoscopic ultrasonography with color Doppler function (EUS-CD).


METHODS
Forty-five patients with esophageal varices were treated by modified EVL. Variceal hemodynamics in 38 patients were examined using EUS-CD, which showed abdominal hemodynamics in detail under physiological conditions before and after the modified procedure.


RESULTS
1) The median number of treatment sessions was 3.2, and 41 O-rings on average were required per individual patient. 2) The median nonrecurrence period after treatment was 18 months (Kaplan-Meier method). 3) Nine patients with a good response to modified EVL did not have recurrences for 16.9+/-2.8 months, and five with a poor response had recurrences at 5.8+/-2.2 months. Gastric varices were related to the response to modified EVL (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney's U test). 4) Minor complications in modified EVL as well as standard EVL were experienced; however, we had a patient with the development of meningitis, which was a major septic complication. 5) Before modified EVL, EUS-CD demonstrated that good responders had undeveloped (grade I) gastric varices in five of nine (56%); however, poor responders had developed (grade III) gastric varices in four of five (80%) (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney's U test]. 6) After modified EVL, EUS-CD revealed that six of nine (67%) good responders and one of five (20%) poor responders showed a decrease in color signals in supplying veins; however, none of the former (0%) and three of the latter (60%) showed an increase (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney's U test].


CONCLUSIONS
Modified EVL was safe and effective, at least with regard to intermediate-term outcome, especially when treating patients with undeveloped gastric varices revealed by EUS-CD. Both good and poor responders showed no exacerbation of gastric varices after the modified procedure, ultrasonographically as well as endoscopically.
Nagamine
N
N
Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji, Tochigi, Japan.
Ueno
N
N
Tomiyama
T
T
Aizawa
T
T
Tano
S
S
Wada
S
S
Suzuki
T
T
Amagai
K
K
Ono
K
K
Kumakura
Y
Y
Hirasawa
T
T
Ishino
Y
Y
Ido
K
K
Kimura
K
K
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography / Q000009:adverse effects; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012008:Recurrence; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color