title: Comparison of echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of the athlete's heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to compare the accuracy of M-mode echocardiography and two different two-dimensional echocardiographic approaches in the assessment of left ventricular mass and volumes in endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes, using magnetic resonance imaging as reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 19 athletes and 10 untrained control subjects, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography were compared to magnetic resonance imaging. M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular mass was calculated using the Penn cube convention. Two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular mass was calculated using (1) the area-length method as proposed by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and (2) as proposed by Reichek. The best correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiographic left ventricular mass and volumes was observed with the ASE two-dimensional echocardiographic method. The agreement between them (-3.4 +/- 7.6 g and 18.5 +/- 19.5 ml) was better than between Reichek two-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (-39.4 +/- 15.4-g and 52.8 +/- 21.7 ml), and demonstrated less random difference than M-mode echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (3.2 +/- 21.1 g resp. 15.1 +/- 30.0 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the ASE two-dimensional echocardiographic approach, when using magnetic resonance imaging as a reference standard, was the most accurate estimator of left ventricular mass and volumes in both controls and athletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Pluim
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Beyerbacht
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Laarse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Roos
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Vliegen
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Van der Wall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D000886:Anthropometry; D001642:Bicycling; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013177:Sports; D014891:Weight Lifting