title: Visual-motor integration functioning in children with Tourette syndrome.
abstract: A neuropsychological model of visual-motor integration skill was proposed and tested in 50 children with Tourette syndrome (TS) and 23 unaffected control children matched for age. Children with TS performed significantly worse than control children on the Beery Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) Test. Consistent with the proposed model, visuoperceptual and fine-motor coordination subprocesses were significant predictors of VMI scores. However, the subprocesses did not fully account for the diagnostic group difference on the VMI. These results suggest that the integration of visual inputs and organized motor output is a specific area of neuropsychological weakness among individuals with TS.
authors.affiliation: Yale U.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9861-1560
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gladstone
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5073-1707
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauls
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*