title: Limitations of clinical and sonographic estimates of birth weight: experience with 1034 parturients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy of clinical and sonographic estimates of fetal weight made throughout the third trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in early labor had fetal weight estimated by two approaches: 1) clinical evaluation and palpation followed by 2) sonographic mensuration of fetal biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length applied to Hadlock's formula. The accuracy of these two methods of estimating fetal weight was compared using Student t test, Wilcoxon test, and chi2 tests. P < .05 was considered significant. Prediction limits (50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles) were calculated for both techniques by obtaining the range of actual weights associated for a particular estimated fetal weight (EFW).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 1034 parturients whose clinical EFWs yielded significantly higher mean (+/- standard deviation) simple error (48.2 +/- 411 g) and standardized absolute error (130 +/- 122 g/kg) than were obtained by use of sonographic formulas for EFW (-6.6 +/- 381 g and 104 +/- 89 g/kg, respectively). When the population was partitioned by gestational age, we found that sonographic EFW was more accurate than clinical EFW in preterm (n = 373) but not in term (n = 460) or post-term (n = 201) pregnancies. Prediction limits indicate that for a given EFW, for example, 800 g, the 90% ranges of actual weight based on clinical and sonographic EFW are 566-1829 g and 469-1667 g, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The apparent superiority of sonographic EFW over clinical EFW applies principally to preterm pregnancies. The prediction limitation calculation suggests that either method, for any particular estimate between 500 and 4500 g, has limited value in the estimation of actual birth weight, because this outcome is highly variable and frequently lies outside of the useful bandwidth (+/- 10%) for prospective management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-3350, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Magann
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Devoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*