title: Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear.
abstract: In this study we examined anteroposterior cephalometric changes in children enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of early treatment for Class II malocclusion. Children, aged 9.6 +/- 0.8 years at the start of study, were randomly assigned to control (n = 81), bionator (n = 78), and headgear/biteplane (n = 90) treatments. Cephalograms were obtained initially, after Class I molars were obtained or 2 years had elapsed, after an additional 6 months during which treated subjects were randomized to retention or no retention and after a final 6 months without appliances. Calibrated examiners, blinded to group, used Johnston's analysis to measure anteroposterior cephalometric changes. Statistical analysis was used to determine annual skeletal and dental changes during treatment, retention, and follow-up, and overall. Our data reveal that both bionator and head-gear treatments corrected Class II molar relationships, reduced overjets and apical base discrepancies, and caused posterior maxillary tooth movement. The skeletal changes, largely attributable to enhanced mandibular growth in both headgear and bionator subjects, were stable a year after the end of treatment, but dental movements relapsed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0444, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Garvan
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cabassa
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McGorray
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014070:Tooth / Q000473:pathology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods