title: Characterization of Na+ and Ca2+ currents in bag cells of sexually immature aplysia californica
abstract: The neurosecretory bag cells of sexually mature Aplysia californica release egg-laying hormones as part of the reproductive process after a train of action potentials termed afterdischarge. Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments were performed in cultured cells from sexually immature A. californica to characterize the inward voltage-gated currents for Na+ and Ca2+. The goal of these experiments was to investigate the regulation of excitability during sexual maturation. Na+ currents in bag cells of immature A. californica were similar in several ways to those of mature animals. The Na+ currents activated at voltages less negative than -30 mV and peaked at 10-20 mV in artificial sea water. The time course and pharmacology of bag cell Na+ currents were similar to those of bag cells from mature A. californica, although the Na+ current density was lower in immature A. californica. Na+ currents were inhibited by tetrodotoxin (50 nmol l-1). The Na+ current was relatively insensitive to depolarized holding potentials (Vh), maintaining approximately 50 % of peak current amplitude present at Vh=-70 mV throughout the activation range at Vh=-30 mV. In experiments using a 1 s depolarized Vh prior to a test pulse, the half-inactivation voltage (V1/2) was -27 mV. Recovery of immature Na+ current from steady-state inactivation at Vh=-30 mV had a time constant (<IMG src="/images/symbols/tau.gif" WIDTH="8" HEIGHT="12" ALIGN= "BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3">) of 9.5 ms, significantly slower than in mature animals. Ca2+ currents of immature A. californica activated at approximately -30 mV and peaked at approximately 20 mV with 11 mmol l-1 Ba2+ as the charge carrier. The principle differences from mature Ca2+ currents were the low density of the immature Ca2+ currents and their 'run-down' in whole-cell recordings. The pharmacology and V1/2 of bag cell Ca2+ currents were similar to those of L-type Ca2+ currents in mature cells. The Ca2+ currents were inhibited 61+/-10 % by nifedipine (10 micromol l-1) and were unaffected by <IMG src="/images/symbols/omega.gif" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="12" ALIGN= "BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3">-conotoxin GVIA (10 micromol l-1). The Ca2+ currents were relatively insensitive to depolarized Vh, activating maximally at Vh=-90, -70 and -50 mV, and maintaining 50 % of this peak current amplitude throughout the activation range at Vh=-30 mV. The V1/2 was -23 mV in experiments in which cells were subjected to a 1 s depolarized Vh prior to a test pulse. Na+ current amplitudes were maintained or increased during 1 min of 4 Hz test pulses in bag cells at Vh=-70 mV and Vh=-30 mV. In contrast, Ca2+ current run-down occurred during 1 min of 4 Hz test pulses in seven of 10 cells at Vh=-70 mV and in 12 of 12 cells at Vh=-30 mV. The observed scarcity of Na+ and Ca2+ currents in immature bag cells as well as the specific characteristics of immature bag cell Ca2+ currents make repetitive action potential firing and hormone release less likely than in mature bag cells.