title: Epoetin beta in the treatment of anemia in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The possibility that epoetin beta (EPO) could increase hemoglobin (B-Hb) levels and improve quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with gastric, pancreatic, biliary, or colorectal cancers and subnormal B-Hb levels were included in a randomized study to test low-dose EPO (2,000 U subcutaneously thrice weekly [2,000 group]) against a higher dose (10,000 U times three [10,000 group]). Eighty-four patients were treated with chemotherapy. QoL was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, mean B-Hb was 108 g/L with no difference between the groups. In the 10,000 group, an increase in B-Hb (>10 g/L) was seen in 30 (73%) patients treated with chemotherapy, after a median of 4 weeks, whereas a corresponding increase in the 2,000 group was seen in 15 (30%) patients after a median of 10 weeks (P < .001). A difference in the proportion of responders (five of eight v one of eight) was also seen in the group of patients not treated with chemotherapy. The proportion of responders was independent of baseline endogenous serum EPO level or observed/predicted log10 serum (S)-EPO levels. Patients who demonstrated improved B-Hb levels also showed improvements in QoL parameters. Tumor response was usually also associated with QoL improvements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with EPO at a dose of 10,000 U thrice weekly can rapidly and safely increase B-Hb levels in a high proportion of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers. QoL is influenced by the B-Hb increase, but also by the course of the underlying malignancy. It is therefore difficult to define clearly the clinical relevance of the B-Hb increase as such.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Uppsala, Sweden. Bengt.Glimelius@onkologi.uu.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glimelius
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Linné
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Näsman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helmers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C103998:epoetin beta; D004921:Erythropoietin