title: Colorectal cancer vaccines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in molecular pathology have enabled a number of colorectal cancer antigens to be identified and characterized. The commonest investigated include 17-1A, 791Tgp72 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Vaccines have been developed that stimulate the immune system to target these antigens. This paper reviews current areas of research in this field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relevant articles were obtained on vaccines for colorectal cancer from Medline and the Bath Information Data System. A number of approaches are currently being evaluated in Phase I, II and III trials. These include anti-idiotypic antibody immunization, DNA vaccines, mucin and heat shock protein-based vaccines, oncogenes and viral vectors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence is accumulating to suggest that immune responses may be generated against colorectal cancer using these approaches. While the concept of vaccination against this malignancy is essentially experimental, surgeons should be aware of current advances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maxwell-Armstrong
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Durrant
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scholefield
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009077:Mucins / Q000276:immunology; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009077:Mucins