title: Insulin resistance is a common denominator of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-transplant diabetes mellitus is a known complication of steroid therapy in renal transplant recipients. Both insulin resistance and insulin deficiency have been shown to be necessary for development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. It is not known whether recipients with impaired glucose tolerance have similar degree of insulin resistance or deficient insulin response as recipients with post-transplant diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this question, we used an oral glucose tolerance test to categorize 46 renal transplant recipients on triple immunosuppressive medication to groups with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance or post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. Insulin response was calculated from the increase in serum insulin concentration during the oral glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five were categorized to normal glucose tolerance, 15 to impaired glucose tolerance and six to post-transplant diabetes mellitus. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding prednisolone dose, azathioprine dose, use of beta-blocker, age, gender, weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, donor source, smoking habits, or first-degree relatives with histories of diabetes mellitus. The impaired glucose tolerance and post-transplant diabetes mellitus groups showed a significant reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (mg/kg.min) compared to the normal glucose tolerance group (4.6 +/- 1.6 and 3.4 +/- 1.3 respectively vs 7.1 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05). The insulin response (picomol/l) was not different between the normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance groups but was significantly reduced in the post-transplant diabetes mellitus group (448 +/- 310 and 450 +/- 291 respectively vs 170 +/- 128, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance is a common denominator of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midtvedt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hjelmesaeth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bjerkely
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin