title: Clinical evaluation of the effect of a hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, sodium bicarbonate dentifrice, and mouth moisturizer on oral health.
abstract: The objective of this 60-day single-blind, parallel trial, using 150 subjects, was to evaluate the effect of a 20% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice, a 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution and a mouth moisturizer on oral tissues and microflora. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The treatments were: 1) Sage dentifrice (sodium bicarbonate). Toothette Plus containing baking soda saturated with the hydrogen peroxide solution and use of a mouth moisturizer, 2) Crest dentifrice, Toothette Plus containing baking soda saturated with the hydrogen peroxide solution and use of a mouth moisturizer, 3) Crest dentifrice, Toothette Plus containing baking soda with a control solution and no mouth moisturizer, 4) Crest dentifrice, Toothette (without baking soda), saturated with a control solution and no mouth moisturizer, and 5) Crest dentifrice, Toothette saturated with 1.5% flavored H2O2 and no mouth moisturizer. From a subgroup of 35 patients (seven from each group) buccal smears for exfoliative cytology were taken as were supragingival microbiological samples from the mesial aspect of first molars (pooled). Buccal smears were evaluated for signs of histopathological changes. Microbiological samples from supra- and subgingival plaque for P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans. A viscosus, F. nucleatum, F. sanguis and C. albicans were evaluated. Clinical parameters measured were a stain index (SI), the modified gingival index (MGI), and a plaque index (PI). There were no adverse changes in the oral microflora and no anaplastic or other pathological changes in any subjects. Clinical parameters showed a statistically significant reduction in the MGI ranging from 26.7-29.9% with no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). The PI showed small reductions in all groups except group 2, but the differences were not statistically significant from each other or baseline (p > 0.05). The SI revealed slight increases in all groups and no differences among the groups. It can be concluded that use of Sage dentifrice, Toothette Plus saturated with Perox-A-Mint and Sage Mouth Moisturizer are safe to oral tissues. Using these components did not result in clinically noticeable stain formation, promote plaque formation, or produce any significant adverse changes in the oral microflora.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shibly
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ciancio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazmierczak
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bessinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000295:instrumentation; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014906:Wetting Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014906:Wetting Agents; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide