title: Macromolecular carbonyls in human stratum corneum: a biomarker for environmental oxidant exposure?
abstract: The presence of stratum corneum carbonyls may serve as an intrinsic dosimeter for environmental oxidative damage to skin. To investigate the accumulation of carbonyls in human stratum corneum, skin was tape-stripped, then tapes were sequentially incubated with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH), rat anti-DNP, mouse anti-rat IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and absorbance (405 nm) measured and carbonyls estimated. Stratum corneum exposed in vitro to oxidants: hypochlorous acid (1, 10, 100 mM), ozone (0, 1, 5, 10 ppm for 2 h) or UV light (280-400 nm; 0, 4, 88, or 24 J/cm2) contained increased carbonyls. Furthermore, stratum corneum carbonyls were elevated in tanned compared with untanned sites: dorsal hand (0.43 +/- 0.06 nmol/cm2) vs. lower arm (0.32 +/- 0.04, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 11; P < 0.003) and lower back (0.26 +/- 0.02) vs. buttock (0.21 +/- 0.02; n = 6, P < 0.01) indicating in vivo oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3200, USA. thiele@violet.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Traber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Re
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espuno
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Packer
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000032:analysis*; D016877:Oxidants; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015415:Biomarkers; D007659:Ketones; D016877:Oxidants