title: Changes in skin redness, pigmentation, echostructure, thickness, and surface contour after 1 pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pulsed dye laser is the treatment of choice for children with port-wine stains (PWSs). Evaluation of treatment outcome and adverse effects is traditionally based on subjective clinical scoring systems. We intend to objectify treatment results and adverse reactions after 1 treatment with the pulsed dye laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  A before-and-after trial using skin reflectance to detect changes in skin redness and pigmentation, ultrasonography to evaluate changes in echostructure and skin thickness, and 3-dimensional surface contour analysis to detect changes in surface texture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve children with PWSs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university dermatological department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The skin reflectance-determined change in skin redness correlated with the clinical response (r = 0.46, P < .002). The percentage of reflectance-determined lightening was equal for pink, red, and dark red PWSs (median, 42.9%). Skin pigmentation increased after laser treatment (P < .007). Ultrasonography revealed lower dermal echogenicity of preoperative PWSs than of postoperative PWSs (P < .007) and healthy skin (P < .001). An increase in echogenicity reflected a decrease in the dermal water (blood) content. Variations were found in the dermal localization of the PWS. Skin thickness was significantly higher in the PWS before treatment than after (P < .001). The preoperative lesional thickness correlated inversely with the ultrasound-assessed treatment response (r = 0.35, P < .04). The surface contour parameters decreased significantly after laser treatment, indicating a flattening of the skin surface. The contour changes correlated positively with treatment response. By clinical evaluation, no hypopigmentation or texture changes were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of treatment outcome and adverse effects is refined by the use of skin reflectance, ultrasonographic, and surface contour analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haedersdal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Efsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gniadecka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fogh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keiding
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wulf
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003116:Color; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012074:Remission Induction; D016628:Replica Techniques; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography