title: Beta-blocker dosages and mortality after myocardial infarction: data from a large health maintenance organization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although long-term beta-blocker therapy has been found beneficial in patients after an acute myocardial infarction, these drugs are greatly underused by clinicians. Moreover, the dosages of beta-blockers used in randomized controlled trials appear to be much larger than those routinely prescribed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether an association exists between the dosage of beta-blockers prescribed after a myocardial infarction and cardiac mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1165 patients who survived an acute myocardial infarction from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1992. These patients represent a subgroup of the 6851 patients hospitalized at northern California Kaiser Permanente hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 37.7% of patients prescribed beta-blocker therapy, 48.1% were treated with dosages less than 50% of the dosage found to be effective in preventing cardiac death in large randomized clinical trials (lower-dosage therapy). Compared with patients not receiving beta-blockers, those treated with lower-dosage therapy appeared to have a greater reduction in cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 0.33; P=.009) than patients treated with a higher dosage (hazard ratio, 0.82; P=0.51), after adjustment for age, sex, race, disease severity, and comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dosages of beta-blockers shown to be effective in randomized trials are not commonly used in clinical practice, and treatment with lower dosages of beta-blockers was associated with at least as great a reduction in mortality as treatment with higher dosages. This suggests that physicians who are reluctant to prescribe beta-blockers because of the relatively large dosages used in the large prospective clinical trials should be encouraged to prescribe smaller dosages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA. barron@ep4.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viskin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lundstrom
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Truman
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Selby
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists