title: Enhanced jejunal production of antibodies to Klebsiella and other Enterobacteria in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure gut immunity directly in jejunal fluid in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibodies against three different Enterobacterias were measured in jejunal perfusion fluids (collected by a double balloon perfusion device) of 19 patients with AS, 14 patients with RA, and 22 healthy controls using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AS patients had significantly increased jejunal fluid concentrations of IgM, IgG, and IgA class antibodies against Klebsiella pneumoniae, and IgM and IgA class antibodies against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis compared with healthy controls. When compared with the patients with RA, the AS patients had higher concentrations of IgA and IgG class antibodies only against K pneumoniae. The RA patients had higher IgM class antibody concentrations against all three studied Enterobacterias, when compared with the healthy controls, suggesting an enhanced mucosal immune response in these patients. A three month treatment with sulphasalazine did not decrease enterobacterial antibody concentrations in the 10 patients with AS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is strong direct evidence for an abnormal mucosal humoral immune response particularly to K pneumoniae in patients with AS.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department in Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mäki-Ikola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hällgren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanerud
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feltelius
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knutsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Granfors
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007583:Jejunum / Q000276:immunology*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000276:immunology; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M