title: Signaling through CD5 activates a pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Vav, and Rac1 in human mature T lymphocytes.
abstract: CD5 acts as a coreceptor on T lymphocytes and plays an important role in T-cell signaling and T-cell-B-cell interactions. Costimulation of T lymphocytes with anti-CD5 antibodies results in an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ levels, and subsequently in the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase type IV. In the present study, we have characterized the initial signaling pathway induced by anti-CD5 costimulation. The activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase through tyrosine phosphorylation of its p85 subunit is a proximal event in the CD5-signaling pathway and leads to the activation of the lipid kinase activity of the p110 subunit. The PI 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 inhibit the CD5-induced response as assessed in interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion experiments. The expression of an inactivated Rac1 mutant (Rac1.N17) in T lymphocytes transfected with an IL-2 promoter-driven reporter construct also abrogates the response to CD5 costimulation, while the expression of a constitutively active Rac1 mutant (Rac1-V12) completely replaces the CD5 costimulatory signal. The Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav is heavily phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon CD5 costimulation, which is a prerequisite for its activation. A role for Vav in the CD5-induced signaling pathway is further supported by the findings that the expression of a dominant negative Vav mutant (Vav-C) completely abolishes the response to CD5 costimulation while the expression of a constitutively active Vav mutant [Vav(delta1-65)] makes the CD5 costimulation signal superfluous. Wortmannin is unable to block the Vav(delta1-65)- or Rac1.V12-induced signals, indicating that both Vav and Rac1 function downstream from PI 3-kinase. Vav and Rac1 both act upstream from the CD5-induced activation of CaM kinase IV, since KN-62, an inhibitor of CaM kinases, and a dominant negative CaM kinase IV mutant block the Vav(delta1-65)-and Rac1.V12-mediated signals. We propose a model for the CD5-induced signaling pathway in which the PI 3-kinase lipid products, together with tyrosine phosphorylation, activate Vav, resulting in the activation of Rac1 by the Vav-mediated exchange of GDP for GTP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Gringhuis
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Leij
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coffer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vellenga
mesh_terms: D018956:CD5 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006801:Humans; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051567:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D018956:CD5 Antigens; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051567:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; C496618:VAV1 protein, human