title: Lack of promoting effects of the electromagnetic near-field used for cellular phones (929.2 MHz) on rat liver carcinogenesis in a medium-term liver bioassay.
abstract: The possible cancer promotion potential of local exposure to a pulse modulated 929.2 MHz electromagnetic near-field on chemically-initiated rat liver carcinogenesis was investigated employing a medium-term bioassay. A 929.2-MHz electromagnetic near-field of time division multiple access (TDMA) signal for PDC (Personal Digital Cellular, Japanese cellular telephone standard) system was directed to rats through a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna. Maximum local specific absorption rates (SARs) on temporal average were 7.2-6.6 W/kg within the whole body and 2.0-1.7 W/kg within the liver, which was the target organ. The whole-body average SARs on temporal average were 0.80-0.58 W/kg. Temporal peak SARs had three times these values due to the duty ratio of the PDC signal. Exposure was for 90 min a day, 5 days a week, over 6 weeks. The exposure apparatus was specially designed for this experiment, to allow exposure of the lateral mid-section of the rat body to the electromagnetic near-field. Male F344 rats, 6 week-old, were initially (at week 0) given a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg body wt, i.p.). At 2 weeks later, exposure (48 rats) or sham-exposure (48 rats) was started. The exposure of electromagnetic near-fields was performed using the exposure apparatus mentioned above. At week 3, all rats were subjected to a 2/3 partial hepatectomy. At week 8 (i.e. after 6 weeks exposure or sham-exposure), the experiment was terminated and all rats were killed. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the numbers and areas of the induced glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the livers of the exposed and sham-exposed rats. A further group of 24 animals, given only DEN and partial hepatectomy, served as the controls. The numbers (no./cm2) of GST-P positive foci were 4.61 +/- 1.77, 5.21 +/- 1.92 (P < 0.05, versus control) and 4.09 +/- 1.47 and the areas (mm2/cm2) were 0.30 +/- 0.16, 0.36 +/- 0.21 and 0.28 +/- 0.15, for the exposed, sham-exposed and control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the exposed and sham-exposed groups. These findings clearly indicated that local body exposure to a 929.2-MHz field, modulated in a PDC waveform, has no significant effect on rat liver carcinogenesis under the experimental conditions employed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. imaida@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D008550:Melatonin; D003345:Corticosterone