title: Beta2-adrenoceptor regulation and function in female asthmatic patients receiving the oral combined contraceptive pill.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously it has been shown that there is abnormal hormonal control of beta2-adrenoceptors in asthmatic women. Exogenous progesterone but not estradiol produces paradoxic downregulation and desensitization of beta2-adrenoceptors in asthmatic women when compared with nonasthmatic subjects. This study investigates the effect of the oral combined contraceptive pill (OCP) on beta2-adrenoceptor regulation and function in female asthmatic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was comprised of 11 women with stable mild to moderate asthma. The mean age was 25 years; the FEV1 was 89% of predicted, and the forced expiratory flow, mid-expiratory phase (FEF25-75%) was 69% of predicted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were evaluated while on (day 20 to 21) and off (day 5 to 7) the OCP during a 28-day calendar period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum sex hormones, lymphocyte beta2-adrenoceptor parameters, and bronchodilator and systemic dose-response curves (DRCs) to albuterol (Salbutamol) (100 to 1,600 microg) were measured at both on and off periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of endogenous estradiol and progesterone were both suppressed by the OCP. Baseline FEV1 were not different while patients were on (2.70 L) and off (2.72 L) the OCP. There were no significant differences in lymphocyte beta2-adrenoceptor parameters between the two phases of the cycle. Receptor density (geometric mean Bmax) was 1.78 (on OCP) vs 1.86 (off OCP) fentomole/10(6) cells, maximal cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to isoprenaline was 6.60 (on OCP) vs 7.58 (off OCP) pmol/10(6) cells, and binding affinity was 14.0 (on OCP) and 13.6 (off OCP) pmol/L. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the bronchodilator and systemic DRCs constructed at both phases of the cycle as evaluated: area-under-curve (AUC) FEV1 was 0.53 (on OCP) vs 0.56 (off OCP) L.h; and AUC FEF25-75% was 3,130 (on OCP) vs 3,640 (off OCP) L. Potassium (K) and finger tremor responses were unaltered between the two periods: AUC K was 0.50 (on OCP) vs 0.44 (off OCP) mmol . h/L and AUC tremor was 0.72 (on OCP) vs 0.89 (off OCP) log units.h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OCP did not alter beta2-adrenoceptor regulation and function in stable female asthmatic patients. Further studies are required in patients who have premenstrual asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lipworth
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000503:physiopathology; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008450:Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019819:Budesonide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D001507:Beclomethasone; D007545:Isoproterenol; D000420:Albuterol; D011188:Potassium