title: Mitochondrial calcium in relaxed and tetanized myocardium.
abstract: The elemental composition of rat cardiac muscle was determined with electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) of rapidly frozen papillary muscles and trabeculae incubated with ryanodine (1 microM) in either 1.2 or 10 mM [Ca2+]o-containing solutions, paced at 0.6 Hz or tetanized at 10 Hz. Total mitochondrial calcium increased significantly, by 4.2 mmol/kg dry weight during a 7 s tetanus, only in muscles tetanized in the presence of 10 mM [Ca2+]o when cytoplasmic Ca2+ is 1-4 microM (Backx, P. H., W.-D. Gao, M. D. Azan-Backx, and E. Marban. 1995. The relationship between contractile force and intracellular [Ca2+] in intact rat trabeculae. J. Gen. Physiol. 105:1-19). Comparison of total mitochondrial with free mitochondrial Ca2+ reported in the literature indicates that the total/free ratio is approximately 6000 at physiological or near-physiological levels of total mitochondrial calcium. Increases in free mitochondrial [Ca2+] consistent with regulation of mitochondrial enzymes should be associated with increases in total mitochondrial calcium detectable with EPMA. However, such increases in mitochondrial calcium occur only as the result of prolonged, unphysiological elevations of cytosolic [Ca2+].
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22906-0011, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Somlyo
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Somlyo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis / Q000379:methods; D005615:Freezing; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012433:Ryanodine; D002118:Calcium