title: Sleep deprivation response in seasonal affective disorder during a 40-h constant routine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no controlled studies investigating the response of patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) to a total sleep deprivation (SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical response to SD of patients with SAD in winter was investigated under the stringently controlled conditions of a 40-h constant routine protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  52% of the SAD patients (N=11 women) improved, using a mean of a multiple ratings. This is in the range of response found for non-seasonal major depression. In contrast, controls (N=8 women) showed less improvement of mood (29%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAD patients respond to SD as do non-seasonal major depressives. The best discrimination of response was obtained in an observer rating (Clinical Global Impression: global severity improvement), and the morning values of two different self ratings (v. Zerssen depression scale, 100 mm VAS with the criterion of > or =10 mm improvement).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A more reliable estimate of the SD response rate in SAD patients would require a larger group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAD patients do not differ from other subgroups of major depression in their response to SD, and therefore this is an additional treatment option to light therapy.
authors.affiliation: Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Graw
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wirz-Justice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010789:Phototherapy; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D013997:Time Factors