title: Protein kinase C beta regulates heterologous desensitization of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) in endothelial cells.
abstract: We studied the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on endothelial cell surface expression and function of the proteolytically activated thrombin receptor 1 (PAR-1). Cell surface PAR-1 expression was assessed by immunofluorescence (using anti-PAR-1 monoclonal antibody), and receptor activation was assessed by measuring increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) exposed to alpha-thrombin or phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Immunofluorescence showed that thrombin and TPA reduced the cell surface expression of PAR-1. Prior exposure of HMEC to thrombin for 5 min desensitized the cells to thrombin, indicating homologous PAR-1 desensitization. In contrast, prior activation of PKC with TPA produced desensitization to thrombin and histamine, indicating heterologous PAR-1 desensitization. Treatment of cells with staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, fully prevented heterologous desensitization, whereas thrombin-induced homologous desensitization persisted. Depletion of PKC beta isozymes (PKC beta I and PKC beta II) by transducing cells with antisense cDNA of PKC beta I prevented the TPA-induced decrease in cell surface PAR-1 expression and restored approximately 60% of the cytosolic Ca2+ signal in response to thrombin. In contrast, depletion of PKC beta isozymes did not affect the loss of cell surface PAR-1 and induction of homologous PAR-1 desensitization by thrombin. Therefore, homologous PAR-1 desensitization by thrombin occurs independently of PKC beta isozymes, whereas the PKC beta-activated pathway is important in signaling heterologous PAR-1 desensitization in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiruppathi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D008833:Microcirculation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013499:Surface Properties; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium