title: In vitro studies of temporary vena cava filters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clot trapping capacity of different temporary vena cava filters in a vena cava model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A vena cava flow model was built using PVC tubing, a hemodialysis membrane and a pulsatile pump. Blood was imitated by a Dextran 40 solution. Five different temporary vena cava filters and two prototypes were tested using human thrombi. The mechanism of clot capture was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreasing rank order according to decreasing percentage of clots captured for the 21-mm diameter vena cava model was Cook (C) > Angiocor (A) > Cordis (CD) > Antheor (TF-6) > DIL for thrombi with a diameter of 3 mm and A > C > CD > TF-6 > DIL for 5-mm thrombi. In a cava with diameter of 28 mm, decreasing rank order was C > CD = A > TF-6 > DIL and C > CD = A > DIL > TF-6 for 3- and 5-mm thrombi, respectively. Two new prototypes, the TF-8 and TF-10 filters, achieved better results than the TF-6 filter and were in most conditions comparable to the A and CD filters. In most cases, thrombi were trapped between filter and cava wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vena cava flow model demonstrates significant differences in rates of clot capture (range 22%-98%) depending on cava diameter, thrombus size, and filter type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lorch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kulke
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008961:Models, Structural; D013927:Thrombosis; D016306:Vena Cava Filters