title: Rapidly alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy instead of cystectomy for the treatment of muscle-invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder: long term results of a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors studied rapidly alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy as the initial treatment for patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder whose advanced age and lack of strength precluded cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with T2 (28%) or T3 (72%) NXM0 carcinomas were treated by transurethral resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. Their median age was 73 years. The chemotherapy (consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) was given during Weeks 1, 4 and 7. Radiotherapy (1.8-2 Gray [Gy] twice a day, to a total dose of 18-20 Gy per week) was given during Weeks 2, 5 and 8, for a final dose of 40 Gy to the pelvis plus 14-20 Gy boost to the affected bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was 1 treatment-related death (5% of patients), but otherwise the acute toxicity was relatively mild. Cystoscopy 1 month after chemoradiotherapy did not reveal invasive cancer in any patient. Subsequent cystoscopies detected recurrent invasive cancer in 3 patients after 30, 44, and 82 months, respectively. The observed survival rate after 5 years was 37%, the cause specific survival rate was 63%, the metastasis free rate was 71%, and the local control rate was 80%. Eighty-four percent of patients had normal bladder function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral resection plus chemoradiotherapy was successful in preserving bladder function in the majority of the patients. The survival and progression free rates compared favorably with what has been reported recently after radical cystectomy and chemotherapy, and they add to the growing body of evidence that chemoradiotherapy might be a safe, effective alternative to cystectomy for many patients with muscle-invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Malamud
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grabstald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate