title: Effect of proteasome inhibitors on monocytic IkappaB-alpha and -beta depletion, NF-kappaB activation, and cytokine production.
abstract: We investigated the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of several monocytic cytokines, which may be dependent on the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Exposure of human monocytic THP-1 cells to ALLN and Mu873 prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IkappaB-alpha and -beta, as did the more potent proteasome inhibitor, PSI, whereas several calpain inhibitors were ineffective. This was accompanied by the inhibition of nuclear NF-kappaB binding activity and NF-kappaB transcriptional activation. At the mRNA level, the inhibitors blocked the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), whereas IL-8 remained unaffected by ALLN and was only partially reduced by the highest dose of PSI. The latter effect appears to be due to an increase in IL-8 mRNA stability in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. Furthermore, the production of TNF was efficiently suppressed by ALLN and PSI, less by Mu873, and not at all by calpain inhibitors. In primary human blood monocytes ALLN also prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IkappaB-alpha and -beta, efficiently blocked the production of TNF and, to a lesser extent, IL-1beta, whereas that of IL-8 was not inhibited. The expression of NF-kappaB-dependent monocytic cytokines may be selectively controlled by the proteasome, offering a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ziegler-Heitbrock
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumeier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C083487:I kappa B beta protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex