title: Biological reactions to cerebrospinal fluid shunt devices: a review of the cellular pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the interaction between cerebrospinal fluid shunt components and the brain and other tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the medical literature directly pertaining to shunt complications, and that dealing with tissues' reactions to implants in general, was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascularized pedicles of glial tissue or choroid plexus grow into ventricular catheters, primarily as a mechanical phenomenon. Cellular debris or blood can cause dysfunction of valve components. Chronic inflammation, which is nonspecific, might contribute to degradation of the components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Care must be taken to prevent early entry of debris or blood into the shunt system. Ventricular collapse onto the shunt must be avoided. Refinement of manufacturing methods or modification of shunt materials could reduce the susceptibility of shunts to infection and improve longevity of the apparatus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Centre and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Del Bigio
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects