title: Real-time telemedicine in the clinical assessment of the ocular surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the feasibility of real-time video and audio transmission of slit-lamp images of the eye using conventional telephone systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the feasibility and benefits of telemedicine in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular surface disorders in referral patients using a real-time audio-video system that functions through integrated services digital network lines at a transmission speed of 384 kilobytes per second.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time slit-lamp images obtained through integrated services digital network lines offered satisfactory visual resolution of the ocular surface for the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular surface and corneal disease, while simultaneous audio transmission allowed for direct communication with the patient and attending physician when necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telemedicine using conventional telecommunication infrastructures offers sufficient information for the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular surface disorders in referral patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimmura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukagawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods*; D019113:Telepathology / Q000379:methods*