title: The effects of bereavement on adult sibling bone marrow donors' psychological well-being and reactions to donation.
abstract: As living organ, tissue, and bone marrow donation become increasingly prevalent treatments for a variety of diseases, better understanding of living donors' experiences, especially when the recipient does not survive after the transplant, also becomes more critical. Although some psychological outcome data exist concerning living donation, there have been no systematic prospective investigations, to date, of the psychological impact of bereavement among sibling bone marrow donors. Studies of bereavement effects in other donation settings such as unrelated bone marrow donation and related kidney donation, suggest that bereavement may have a significant impact on donors' reactions. The present investigation studied a panel of sibling bone marrow donors at three key points in the donation process in order to (1) examine donor psychological well-being across time, and (2) investigate the effect of the sibling recipient's death on donor well-being. We surveyed sibling donors by mail 1-2 weeks prior to donation, 1-2 weeks following donation, and again 1 year after their donation. In general, all donors reported high levels of predonation self-esteem, mastery, happiness and life satisfaction. As might be expected, bereaved donors felt less as if their donation had really helped their sibling as time passed. However, despite such donation-specific perceptions, bereaved donors experienced global psychological gains following bereavement including enhanced self-esteem, happiness, and life satisfaction compared to donors whose siblings were still living. These findings suggest that physicians and mental health practitioners should monitor donors' psychological well-being for extended periods post-donation, and should consider clinical interventions for bereaved and nonbereaved sibling donors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dew
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Magistro
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goycoolea
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Twillman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001601:Bereavement; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D019520:Living Donors / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D013997:Time Factors