title: In vivo induction of sister chromatid exchange in mouse bone marrow following oral exposure to commercial formulations of alpha-cyano pyrethroids.
abstract: In vivo genetic toxicity potential of cypermethrin and deltamethrin, two alpha-cyano pyrethroid insecticides was evaluated through induction of sister chromatid exchange in mouse bone marrow cells. Groups of four healthy, adult, male albino mice were each administered with a single oral dose of 10.6, 21.1 and 32 mg cypermethrin a.i./kg b.w. or 6.6, 13.2 and 20 mg deltamethrin a.i./kg b.w. in peanut oil. For reference, a peanut-oil vehicle control and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg, i.p.) positive control group of animals were run in parallel. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis in bone marrow metaphase chromosomes, 24 h post-treatment, revealed modest induction with statistical significance at the highest test dose of both insecticides as compared to the vehicle control group. Further, the SCE induction by cypermethrin was more prominent than by deltamethrin. Marked induction of SCE frequency by exposure to cyclophosphamide, an alkylating mutagen, lent authenticity to these observations which, together with earlier evidence of mitotic and chromosomal abnormalities by these pyrethroids, substantiated their genetic toxicity potential and susceptibility of mammals to consequent risks.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sundararaman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; C017180:decamethrin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide