title: Correlates of postmenopausal female hormone use among black women in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess correlates of the use of postmenopausal female hormone supplements among black women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed information obtained from 64,564 U.S. black women 21-69 years of age who enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study in 1995 by completing postal questionnaires. Included in the present analyses were 13,352 women 40-69 years of age who had ceased menstruating. Most resided in ten states, with 66% from California, New York, Illinois, Michigan, Georgia, and New Jersey; 41.0% had completed college.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 13,352 women 40 years of age or older who had ceased menstruating, 49.2% reported ever use of female hormone supplements and 33.3% were using them currently. Unopposed oral estrogens accounted for 63.4% of the medications being used currently. The use of supplements was highest in the western U.S. and lowest in the Northeast. The strongest correlate of use was menopause due to bilateral oophorectomy. Use peaked at 50-54 years of age and then declined, and also was associated positively with lower body mass index, greater years of education, participation in vigorous exercise, and past oral contraceptive use. Use was associated inversely with having a positive history of diabetes, heart attack, or breast cancer. Some of the drug use reported was at variance with suggested guidelines: unopposed estrogen was taken by some women who had a uterus, and estrogen together with a progestin was taken by some women who had had a hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that patterns of use of postmenopausal female hormone supplements among black women who participated in the present study are similar to those documented in white women. Women with risk factors for coronary artery disease were not more likely to use supplements than women at lower risk, a pattern that is not in accordance with suggestions that the greatest benefit of supplements may accrue to high-risk women. Because users differ from nonusers in important characteristics that may affect the incidence of coronary heart disease, breast cancer, and other illnesses, observational studies of the health effects of these medications must control carefully for correlates of use.
authors.affiliation: Slone Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Brookline, Massachusetts 02146, USA. lrosenberg@slone.bu.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health