title: Minimal access surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting for triple-vessel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal access surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting have been used mainly in the management of single-vessel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients, 11 men and 4 women with a mean age of 64.1 years (range, 35.7 to 78.0 years), underwent operation for triple-vessel disease using minimal access techniques. The procedures were performed through a limited left parasternal thoracotomy using femorofemoral extracorporeal circulation. The myocardium was protected by the antegrade infusion of cold blood cardioplegic solution while the aorta was cross-clamped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under direct vision, the left saphenous vein grafts were connected sequentially to the diagonal branch, obtuse marginal branch, and posterior descending branch, and the left internal thoracic artery graft was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery in each patient. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 86 +/- 17 minutes (range, 67 to 125 minutes). The mean duration of extracorporeal circulation was 112 +/- 22 minutes (range, 82 to 162 minutes). The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. Follow-up was complete in all patients at a mean of 7.4 months (range, 6.0 to 8.5 months), and there were no late deaths or angina. Coronary angiography in 8 patients showed patent grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience demonstrates that minimal access surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting are technically feasible and may be an alternative approach in the surgical revascularization of triple-vessel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation