title: Nondepleting humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunologic activity of single intravenous infusions (0.2-10 mg/kg) of Orthoclone OKTcdr4a, a nondepleting humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (Mab) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients were treated with a single intravenous dose of Mab. Three patients each received 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg of OKTcdr4a.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient had a significant change in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood after treatment. No human antimurine antibodies were detected. At > or = 1.0 mg/kg dose level, CD4 receptor saturation was > or = 95% 24 h after infusion. At 5.0 mg/kg, CD4 receptor occupancy was a mean of 88% at 6 days after infusion. At 10 mg/kg, CD4 receptor occupancy was still a mean of 79% 2 weeks after infusion. No significant infusion related adverse events occurred. Two subjects had headaches at the time of drug administration. Two subjects were hospitalized for infections (pneumonia, Day 45; cellulitis, Day 14), which resolved with antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OKTcdr4a was well tolerated at the doses used and saturation of CD4 receptors in peripheral blood could be routinely obtained for over one week with a single infusion of Mab.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-7201, USA.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Haverty
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wacholtz
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bucy
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koopman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; C079851:OKT4A monoclonal antibody