title: An Engelhardtian analysis of interactions between pharmaceutical sales representatives and physicians.
abstract: Physician conflict of interest has been of concern since Hippocrates and rarely is this concern more evident than in the relationship between pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSR) and physicians. Given the acrimonious public debates concerning this issue a careful exploration of the concerns at sake and the conceptual arguments which support such concerns is called for. In this piece I will take as heuristic the conceptual philosophical framework argued for by H. Tristram Engelhardt. This framework would sanction interactions between PSRs and physicians given that such relationships are free and without coercion. Further, patients must be informed, uncoerced and free in choosing such relationships with physicians who engage in interactions with PSRs. I consider four major criticisms which claim that PSR-physician interactions are morally impermissible: 1) influence, 2) "patients do not choose, but they pay," 3) violation of ethical principles, and 4) erosion of the patient-physician relationship. Each is shown to be unpersuasive under Engelhardtian philosophy. As long as the principle of permission and informed consent obtain without coercion than the interaction between PSRs and physicians would be construed to be morally permissible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peppin
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D030881:Disclosure; D004345:Drug Industry; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D037921:Gift Giving; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010684:Philosophy; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D010820:Physicians; D028662:Principle-Based Ethics; D035621:Secularism; D035502:Trust