Steroidogenic factor-1 contains a carboxy-terminal transcriptional activation domain that interacts with steroid receptor coactivator-1.
The orphan nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), plays an important role in the development of the adrenal gland and in sexual differentiation. SF-1 regulates the transcription of variety of genes, including several steroidogenic enzymes, Müllerian inhibiting substance, and gonadotropin genes. In this report, we sought to identify domains in SF-1 that are required for transactivation and to determine whether SF-1 interacts with a subset of known coactivators. Natural variants of the FTZ-F1 locus include embryonal long terminal repeat-binding protein (ELP)-1, ELP-2, and SF-1, which share the DNA-binding domain. Analyses of the transcriptional activity of these variants revealed that the activity of ELP-2 and SF-1 was much greater than ELP-1, which contains a distinct carboxy terminus. Further studies were performed using GAL4-SF-1 fusion proteins that were constructed by replacement of the zinc finger region and FTZ-F1 box of SF-1 with the DNA-binding domain of GAL4. Elimination of the putative AF-2 domain at the carboxy terminus of GAL4-SF-1 proteins resulted in a complete loss of transactivation. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that SF-1 interacts with steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). Full-length SRC-1 enhanced GAL4-SF-1-mediated transactivation, whereas a dominant negative form of SRC-1, consisting of its interaction domain alone, inhibited the activity of GAL4-SF-1. In mammalian two-hybrid assays, fusion of the VP16 activation domain to the interaction domain of SRC-1 confirmed the interaction between SRC-1 and GAL4-SF-1 and demonstrated that the AF-2 domain is required for interaction with SRC-1. Furthermore, SRC-1, together with the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CBP) or a closely related factor, p300, synergistically enhanced transcriptional activity of GAL4-SF-1. We conclude that the carboxy-terminal AF-2 region of SF-1 functions as an activation domain and that SRC-1 and CBP/p300 are components of the coactivator complex with SF-1.
Ito
M
M
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Yu
R N
RN
Jameson
J L
JL
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000187:drug effects; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C515057:NR5A1 protein, human; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C515058:steroidogenic factor 1, mouse; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538859:NCOA1 protein, human; C538866:NCOA3 protein, human; C538861:Ncoa1 protein, mouse; C538867:Ncoa3 protein, mouse; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3