title: Time-resolved and nonlinear optical imaging for medical applications.
abstract: In this article, we have presented an overview of emerging novel techniques for early-light transillumination imaging as well as nonlinear optical tomography of body organs. The use of light for probing and imaging biomedical media offers the promise for development of safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive clinical imaging modalities with diagnostic ability. The strong scattering of light by biological tissues buries the shadowgram formed by forward-propatating image-bearing photons in the background noise of multiple-scattered light. Several methods for extraction of image-bearing light that capitalize on spatial, temporal and polarization characteristics of transmitted light are reviewed. More recently emerging nonlinear-optical histopathology methods for imaging subsurface structures of tissues in terms of its local spatial symmetry and molecular content are introduced. The progress made so far indicates that some of these techniques are apt to make a transition from laboratory to useful clinical modalities.
authors.affiliation: New York State Center for Advanced Technology for Ultrafast Photonic Materials and Applications, Physics Department, City College and Graduate School, City University of New York 10031, USA. alfano@scisun.sci.ccny.cuny.edu
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Demos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gayen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q Z
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D017785:Photons; D012542:Scattering, Radiation