title: A two-dimensional protein map of human amniotic fluid at 17 weeks' gestation.
abstract: Using updated technical procedures (immobilized pH gradients for isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: IPG/SDS-PAGE) we provide a two-dimensional (2-D) map of amniotic fluid (AF) proteins. This map comprises over 800 silver-stained spots. Over 150 spots have been identified by matching on the net with human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid maps available from SWISS 2DPAGE database; several additional spots were assigned by immunoblotting and/or microanalytical techniques. This report details our investigation on AF proteins focusing on the 17th week of gestation, when AF is most commonly used for clinical evaluation of fetal disorders. As a whole, the map displays a number of potential markers for fetal development and for gestation abnormalities. The 2-D electrophoretic technique allows the monitoring of all these proteins at the same time along with additional spots that may prove of diagnostic significance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Pediatrics and Neonatology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liberatori
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Felice
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marzocchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raggiaschi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frutiger
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hochstrasser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bracci
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pallini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D010449:Peptide Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy