title: Cryotherapy for neuroendocrine liver metastases.
abstract: While the prognosis for patients with untreated liver metastases from neuroendocrine primaries is rather good, they often suffer disabling symptoms due to syndromes of hormonal excess. Thirteen patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumours were treated by hepatic cryotherapy; seven patients were symptomatic and five of these had elevated levels of hormonal tumour markers. Twelve patients are alive and mostly asymptomatic with a median follow up of 13.5 months; one patient died after 45 months of bronchopneumonia without evidence of tumour recurrence. All patients with elevated preoperative tumour markers have had a significant fall in markers postoperatively. Two patients were returned to the operating theatre for coagulopathy-associated bleeding: one patient each developed acute renal failure and pulmonary embolism, but there was no mortality. This study shows that hepatic cryotherapy offers a useful treatment option for this group of patients, alleviates symptoms and may have an impact on survival.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome