Somatoform dissociative symptoms as related to animal defensive reactions to predatory imminence and injury.
The authors hypothesized that there would be a similarity between animal defensive responses to variable predatory imminence and injury and certain somatoform dissociative symptoms of trauma-reporting patients who have dissociative disorder. As a first test of this hypothesis, 12 somatoform symptom clusters consisting of clinically observed somatoform dissociative phenomena were constructed. All clusters discriminated between patients with dissociative disorders (n = 50) and patients with other psychiatric diagnoses (n = 50). Those expressive of the hypothesized similarity--freezing, anesthesia-analgesia, and disturbed eating--belonged to the 5 most characteristic symptoms of dissociative disorder patients. Anesthesia-analgesia, urogenital pain, and freezing symptom clusters independently contributed to predicted presence of dissociative disorder. Using an independent sample, it appeared that anesthesia-analgesia best predicted presence of dissociative disorder after controlling for symptom severity. The results were largely consistent with the hypothesized similarity.
Nijenhuis
E R
ER
Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit at Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ellertn@globalxs.nl
Spinhoven
P
P
Vanderlinden
J
J
van Dyck
R
R
van der Hart
O
O
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology*