title: Sagittal MR of multiple sclerosis in the spinal cord: fast versus conventional spin-echo imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared conventional spin-echo (CSE) with fast spin-echo (FSE) dual-echo MR images to determine which of these sequences was better able to depict spinal cord abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  CSE and FSE dual-echo MR images were obtained in 37 patients with MS and in six healthy control subjects, all of whom were examined on a 1.0-T MR unit with a phased-array coil and cardiac triggering. Two blinded interpreters graded the MR studies, first separately and then by consensus. Images were scored for presence of artifacts, number of focal lesions, and presence of a diffuse increase in signal intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No abnormalities were seen in the volunteers. The CSE sequences were significantly less hindered by MR imaging artifacts than were the FSE sequences. Interobserver agreement was slightly higher for the CSE than the FSE sequences. After reaching a consensus, the observers found that both CSE and FSE techniques enabled detection of approximately the same number of focal lesions; however, in three patients, small single lesions seen on the CSE images were missed on the FSE images. Also, depiction of a diffuse increase in signal intensity was better on the CSE images. As a result, more patients had abnormal findings on the CSE sequences than on the FSE sequences (35 versus 31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac-triggered dual-echo FSE sequences are almost as good as CSE sequences for depicting spinal MS lesions. Therefore, in cases of established spinal MS, FSE techniques may be as effective as CSE techniques. Because sensitivity for subtle abnormalities is lower with FSE imaging, CSE remains the preferred technique for patients with suspected MS of the spinal cord.
authors.affiliation: MR Center for MS Research, Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lycklama à Nijeholt
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castelijns
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weerts
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adèr
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Waesberghe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*