title: Psychosocial antecedents of depressive symptoms: an evaluation using daily experiences methodology.
abstract: College students provided ratings regarding the intensity of depressive symptoms every day for 45 consecutive days. Participants also made daily ratings of the degree to which they experienced 3 psychosocial processes that have been theoretically linked to depression: dependency, negative cognitions, and interpersonal stress. Concomitant time-series analyses revealed significant temporal covariation of each psychosocial variable, with depressive symptoms for virtually all participants. Across-time analyses also revealed that elevations in interpersonal stress and feelings of dependency preceded, by 1 day, the onset of periods of intense depression, and that elevations in all 3 psychosocial variables were apparent 1 to 2 days after such episodes had ended. The findings suggest that a "daily experiences methodology" may be useful in identifying short-term antecedents and residuals of symptomatic states.
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia 29202, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stader
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hokanson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009341:Negativism; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology