title: To teach is to learn twice. Resident teachers learn more.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the formal teaching activities of pediatric residents and to assess how the act of formal teaching affects residents' acquisition and retention of knowledge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial. Forty-three pediatric residents in a university-based program were surveyed about their teaching activities, given a pretest on a predetermined topic (oral rehydration), then randomly assigned to either teach (n = 18) or listen to (n = 25) a 30-minute lecture on that topic; 6 to 8 weeks later they completed a posttest. The difference between [retest and posttest scores was calculated for each resident as an index of knowledge acquisition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of resident teaching events per year was 3.5 for interns (n = 16), 2.9 for junior residents (n = 11), and 6.9 for senior residents (n = 16). Self-reported comfort with the teaching role, ability to hold a group's attention, and desire to teach were similar across year of training. Prior to randomization, teachers (experimental group) reported less interest in oral rehydration that did listeners (control group) (P < .03). However, knowledge acquisition was significantly greater for teachers than for listeners (posttest score minus pretest score [mean +/- SD], 6.1 +/- 4.2 vs 3.2 +/- 2.5; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among pediatric residents, formal teaching enhances knowledge acquisition relative to self-study and lecture attendance.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Needlman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007858:Learning; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D013663:Teaching; D014481:United States