title: Pain on injection of propofol. A comparison of cold propofol with propofol premixed with lignocaine.
abstract: Propofol is frequently associated with pain on injection. Previous studies have suggested that chilling of the propofol decreases pain significantly. This prospective, randomised, double-blind trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of cold propofol compared with propofol premixed with lignocaine in minimising pain on injection. Patients were allocated to one of four groups: propofol + lignocaine 0.1 mg.kg-1, propofol + lignocaine 0.2 mg.kg-1, cold propofol and a control group consisting of propofol premixed with normal saline and maintained at room temperature. The results of this study show that cold propofol is associated with a very high incidence of injection pain while lignocaine 0.1 mg.kg-1 premixed with propofol significantly decreases the incidence of pain (p < 0.001). Increasing the dosage of lignocaine above 0.1 mg.kg-1, however, does not significantly decrease the incidence of pain further. The addition of lignocaine also significantly decreases the incidence of excitatory side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, New Changi Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Koay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol