Milk pasteurisation and safety: a brief history and update.
A brief history of the development of milk pasteurisation is presented and updated. Concerns about the margin of safety provided by current pasteurisation standards in terms of milk-borne pathogens such as mycobacteria (in particular Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) and other emerging pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are discussed. With the exception of the endospores of Bacillus cereus, current standards appear to be adequate for public health assurance of milk safety provided good manufacturing practices are followed.
Holsinger
V H
VH
Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
Rajkowski
K T
KT
Stabel
J R
JR
D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control; D002417:Cattle; D004203:Disinfection / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005060:Europe; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008892:Milk / Q000266:history* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States