title: Preoperative cardiac evaluation of women for noncardiac surgery.
abstract: Cardiac risk assessment is a crucial aspect of perioperative evaluation because it is estimated that 1 million people, regardless of gender, will have perioperative cardiac complications at a cost of 20 billion dollars. Unfortunately, establishment of optimal guidelines for selected patient subgroups, particularly women, are lacking. More prospective studies are needed to help evaluate the most cost-effective, yet accurate way to noninvasively assess the presence of coronary artery disease in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wiener-Kronish
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative