title: Timing for surgical treatment in native infective endocarditis. A seven-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early surgical intervention in infective endocarditis is performed only when there is persistence of sepsis, hemodynamic instability or when arterial embolism has occurred, otherwise a 4-week antibiotic therapy before surgery is considered necessary. Our 7-year experience in the surgical treatment of native endocarditis in 28 patients, is here revised focusing on the timing of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were retrospectively divided into group A (n. 16) with blood cultures that became negative before surgery and group B (n. 11) with blood cultures positive at the time of urgent surgery. One patient with constantly negative blood cultures was not assigned to any group. In group A antibiotic therapy was administered until 3 consecutive blood cultures became negative and the patients were then operated on the basis of echocardiographic findings after a mean duration of antibiotic therapy of 17.4 +/- 6.3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients out of 28 underwent replacement of the infected valve (mechanical bileaflets in 16 patients, porcine stented in 7 and porcine stentless in 3). Valve repair was performed in 2 patients. Overall operative mortality was) 7.1% (2/28); death occurred in 2 patients of group B, operated on for cardiogenic shock. Two/26 patients died (1 acute renal failure and 1 stroke) at a mean follow-up of 32.5 +/- 24.8 (range 3-95) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who underwent surgery for infective endocarditis after blood culture negativization showed no mortality and no recurrence of disease even if a 4 weeks antibiotic course was not completed. This experience suggests that earlier operations can be performed safely, lowering the incidence of hemodynamic impairment and arterial embolism.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triggiani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ancona
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nascimbene
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benussi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donatelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grossi
mesh_terms: D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors