title: The value of QT interval dispersion for identification of total mortality risk in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To delineate different risk markers including the difference between the maximum and the minimum length of the QT interval in ECG corrected for heart rate (QTc dispersion) as predictors of total, cardiac and cerebrovascular mortality in NIDDM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control, follow-up study until death or for a period of 15 to 16 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care centre, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  216 unselected consecutive NIDDM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total, cardiac, and cerebrovascular mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up 158 (73%) patients died. In the Cox proportional hazards model QTc dispersion was the most important independent predictor of total mortality (risk ratio (RR) 3.3; difference for RR: 0.05 s1/2; P = 0.001). Additional independent risk markers were age, male sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetic retinopathy, micro- or macroproteinuria, total serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The QTc dispersion was also an independent predictor of cardiac and cerebrovascular mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this long-term follow-up study indicate that QT dispersion in a routine ECG is a useful marker to identify NIDDM patients with a high mortality risk.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition (WHO Collaborating Centre for Diabetes), Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sawicki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiwitt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors