Dyspepsia: current understanding and management.
Dyspepsia, defined as "pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen" is reported by one in four adults in Western societies. The most important causes are non-ulcer (functional) dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, and, rarely, gastric cancer. Persons with heartburn alone are not considered to have dyspepsia. The division of dyspepsia into symptom-based subgroups (ulcer-like, dysmotility-like, reflux-like, and unspecified dyspepsia) has proven to be of doubtful value for the clinician, as it has a low predictive value for identifying the causes of dyspepsia. Upper endoscopy remains the "gold standard" test; ultrasound and blood tests have a low yield. The role of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease is well known, but the clinical role of the infection in non-ulcer dyspepsia remains very controversial. In uninvestigated dyspeptic patients who are H. pylori infected based on a non-invasive test, empiric anti-H. pylori therapy is a reasonable and probably cost-effective option. In documented non-ulcer dyspepsia, prokinetics are superior to placebo while antisecretory therapy is of less certain efficacy.
Agréus
L
L
Department of Family Medicine, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Sweden.
Talley
N J
NJ
D000328:Adult; D000863:Antacids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006356:Heartburn / Q000503:physiopathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D010919:Placebos; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications
D000863:Antacids; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D010919:Placebos