title: Peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the brachial artery of patients with microvascular angina pectoris.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggest the presence of endothelial dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation in patients with microvascular angina pectoris. It is not known whether endothelial dysfunction in these patients is a generalized process or whether it is confined to the coronary microcirculation only.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 11 women (mean [+/-SD] age 60.1 +/- 7.8 years) with microvascular angina (anginal pain, normal epicardial coronary arteries, positive exercise stress test), endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed in the brachial artery by measuring the change in brachial artery diameter in response to hyperemic flow. Results were compared with 11 age- and gender-matched patients with known three-vessel coronary artery disease and 11 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. In all subjects, the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was comparable in patients with microvascular angina and coronary artery disease (1.9 +/- 2.5% vs. 3.3 +/- 3.3%, p = NS) but was significantly lower in patients with microvascular angina than in healthy control subjects (1.9 +/- 2.5% vs. 7.9 +/- 3%, p < 0.05). IMT was significantly lower in patients with microvascular angina than in those with coronary artery disease (0.64 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.28 mm, p < 0.05) and was comparable between patients with microvascular angina pectoris and healthy control subjects (0.64 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.56 +/- 0.14 mm, p = NS). IMT > or = 0.8 mm was observed in 1 of 11 patients with microvascular angina, 1 of 11 control subjects and 10 of 11 patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction in microvascular angina is a generalized process that also involves the peripheral conduit arteries and is similar to that observed in atherosclerotic disease. IMT could be helpful in discriminating patients with microvascular angina and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece. lekakisj@otenet.gr
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lekakis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Papamichael
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Vemmos
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Voutsas
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Stamatelopoulos
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Moulopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014664:Vasodilation