title: Cell-specific effects of pentoxifylline on nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression.
abstract: Cytokine-stimulated astrocytes and macrophages are potent producers of nitric oxide (NO), a free radical proposed to play an important role in organ-specific autoimmunity, including demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, on NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in rat astrocytes and macrophages. We have shown that PTX affects cytokine (interferon-gamma, IFN-gamma; interleukin-1, IL-1; tumour-necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha)-induced NO production in both cell types, but in the opposite manner--enhancing in astrocytes and suppressive in macrophages. While PTX did not have any effect on enzymatic activity of iNOS in activated cells, expression of iNOS mRNA was elevated in astrocytes and decreased in macrophages treated with cytokines and PTX. Treatment with PTX alone affected neither NO production nor iNOS mRNA levels in astrocytes or macrophages. This study indicates involvement of different signalling pathways associated with iNOS induction in astrocytes and macrophages, thus emphasizing complexity of regulation of NO synthesis in different cell types.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trajković
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Badovinac
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Popadić
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hadzić
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stojković
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D010431:Pentoxifylline