title: Differences in tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor serum concentrations between patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenetic implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Animal models of immune complex mediated tissue injury have shown different patterns of proinflammatory cytokine production according to the subtype of immunoglobulin involved. The IgA immune complex model differs from the IgG model by the lack of involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the pathogenesis of tissue damage. We investigated in age matched patients the possible difference in TNF involvement in a predominantly IgA mediated disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), in comparison with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which vascular injury is mostly associated with local deposition of IgG immune complexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors (sTNF-R) p55 and p75 were studied in 20 patients with pediatric SLE at various degrees of disease activity, in 16 patients with highly active HSP, and in 15 healthy controls by enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay. SLE disease activity was evaluated using 2 scores, the European Consensus Group Study for SLE Disease Activity Criteria and the SLE Disease Activity Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha fell within the normal range in patients with both SLE and HSP irrespective of disease activity. Conversely, patients with SLE displayed increased serum levels of sTNF-R that correlated positively with the degree of disease activity (r = 0.60, p < 0.001; r = 0.71, p < 0.001, for p55 and p75, respectively). In contrast, no difference in the serum levels of sTNF-R was found between patients with highly active HSP and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides the first circumstantial evidence that pediatric SLE and HSP are characterized by differential involvement of TNF in the pathogenesis of tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Division of Pediatrics, Blood Transfusional Center, G. Gaslini Scientific Institute for Children, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gattorno
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stalla
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sormani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buoncompagni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gusmano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borrone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pistoia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011695:IgA Vasculitis / Q000097:blood*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha