title: Effects of galanin and the galanin receptor antagonist galantide on plasma catecholamine levels during a psychosocial stress stimulus in rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role played by the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) in the regulation of sympathoadrenal function. We evaluated the effects of rat GAL (rGAL) and of the putative GAL receptor antagonist galantide (GLT) on epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) plasma levels in conscious freely moving male rats, during a psychosocial stress condition. Four groups of male rats were challenged by a stress stimulus, obtained by exposing the animals to a resident conspecific fighter (intruder model), following an intravenous injection with (1) rGAL + saline (SAL), (2) GLT + SAL, (3) rGAL + GLT, or (4) SAL + SAL. Plasma levels of both E and NE were also measured in an additional group of male rats not exposed to any stressor stimulus. The results (mean+/-SEM) showed that rats exposed to the stressor stimulus (intruder rats) exhibited a significant increase above baseline in circulating levels of both E (peak values of 834.13+/-115.13 pmol/l vs. basal values of 309.31+/-32.93 pmol/l; p < 0.01) and NE (peak values of 5,299.03+/-450.62 pmol/l vs. basal values of 2,798.24+/-311.56 pmol/l; p < 0.01) in comparison to control, nonstressed rats. The comparison of the areas under the curve response (AUC) among treatments in the intruder rats revealed that rGAL + SAL injections resulted in a further increase in E levels when compared to SAL + SAL treatment (AUC values: 8.26+/-0.64 vs. 25.38+/-5.52 nmol/ 1/20 min in SAL + SAL vs. rGAL + SAL treatment, respectively; p < 0.02). No significant changes in stress-induced E plasma levels were found following GLT + SAL treatment in comparison to SAL + SAL injections. When the intruder rats were submitted to rGAL + GLT injections, the increments in E levels were found to be higher than those observed following SAL + SAL treatment (AUC values: 8.26+/-0.64 vs. 36.00+/-13.76 nmol/ 1/20 min in SAL + SAL vs. rGAL + GLT treatment, p < 0.03); however, the values were not significantly different from those observed in rGAL + SAL-injected rats. No significant changes in stress-induced NE levels were found in either treatment group when compared to SAL + SAL-injected intruder rats. The results of this study demonstrate that rGAL administration leads to an increase in the E response to the stress stimulus without any effect on NE response. Galantide does not affect either the physiological stress-induced elevation of plasma catecholamines or the effects of rGAL on E plasma levels in response to stress. Therefore, GLT does not appear to behave as a GAL receptor antagonist in the regulation of sympathoadrenal function in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceresini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sgoifo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freddi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parmigiani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valenti
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D019004:Galanin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood*; D013373:Substance P / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; C074975:galantide; D013373:Substance P; D019004:Galanin; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine