title: Minimum local analgesic concentration of extradural bupivacaine increases with progression of labour.
abstract: We have used the technique of double-blind sequential allocation to quantify the minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) of extradural bupivacaine for women in early (median cervical dilatation 2 cm) and late (median cervical dilatation 5 cm) labour. The first bolus was 20 ml of the bupivacaine test solution. The concentration was determined by the response of the previous woman to a higher or lower concentration of bupivacaine according to up and down sequential allocation. Efficacy was assessed using a 100-mm visual analogue pain score (VAPS). The test solution had to achieve a VAPS of 10 mm or less to be judged effective. In early labour, the MLAC of bupivacaine was 0.048% w/v (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.037-0.058% w/v), and 0.140% w/v (95% CI 0.132-0.150% w/v) in the late group. The MLAC of bupivacaine in late labour was greater by a factor of 2.9 (95% CI 2.7-3.2) compared with the MLAC in early labour (P < 0.0001, 95% CI difference 0.08-0.11). We conclude that advancing labour requires an increased concentration of extradural bupivacaine for pain relief.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Fatebenefratelli General Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capogna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celleno
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Columb
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fusco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine