title: Secondary myelodysplasia and acute leukemia in breast cancer patients after autologous bone marrow transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of myelodysplasia (MDS) and/or acute leukemia (AL) in breast cancer patients after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with a single conditioning regimen and autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT), and analyze the cytogenetic abnormalities that arise after HDC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 864 breast cancer patients who underwent ABMT at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, from 1985 through 1996 who received the same preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide 1,875 mg/m2 for 3 days, cisplatin 55 mg/m2 for 3 days, and BCNU 600 mg/m2 for 1 day (CPB). Pretransplant cytogenetics were analyzed in all patients and posttransplant cytogenetics were evaluated in four of five patients who developed MDS/AL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of 864 patients developed MDS/AL after HDC with CPB and ABMT. The crude cumulative incidence of MDS/AL was 0.58%. The Kaplan-Meier curve shows a 4-year probability of developing MDS/AL of 1.6%. Pretransplant cytogenetics performed on these five patients were all normal. Posttransplant cytogenetics were performed on four of five patients and they were abnormal in all four, although only one patient had the most common cytogenetic abnormality associated with secondary MDS/AL (chromosome 5 and/or 7 abnormality).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas MDS/AL is a potential complication of HDC with CPB and ABMT, the incidence in this series of patients with breast cancer was relatively low compared with that reported in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent ABMT. The cytogenetic abnormalities reported in this group of breast cancer patients were not typical of those seen in prior reports of secondary MDS/AL and appear to have occurred after HDC.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: McGaughey
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crews
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rizzieri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gockerman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirrincione
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Defusco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: LeGrand
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vredenburgh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D007938:Leukemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin; D002330:Carmustine