title: Second unrelated bone marrow transplantation without additional conditioning therapy after engraftment failure.
abstract: A 37-year-old female highly alloimmunized by multiple transfusions received a sex matched HLA-identical unrelated bone marrow transplant for hypoplastic MDS-RA with moderate myelofibrosis. Conditioning consisted of total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide and ATG, GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA, MTX and prednisolone. The CD34+ stem cell content of the first graft was relatively low due to an inadequate harvest. The patient appeared not to have engrafted by day 23 post-BMT. She therefore received a second sex mismatched HLA-identical unrelated bone marrow graft on day 25 after two days of 3.5 mg/kg methylprednisolone from a different donor. Over the ensuing days, the first marrow showed slow engraftment followed by engraftment of the second graft. The first graft was then rejected, as monitored by peripheral blood studies of chimerism. No signs of acute GVHD were observed. Despite successful trilineage engraftment and complete second donor chimerism, the patient died from disseminated toxoplasmosis encephalitis and pneumonia on day +104.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic II, Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pönisch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edelmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Helbig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000753:Anemia, Refractory / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D012086:Reoperation; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34