title: Characteristics of the Orthopantomograph OP 100.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate empirically the imaging characteristics of the Orthopantomograph OP 100 and compare them to the average form of the dental arch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeatable radiographs were taken of a lead resolution grid positioned at 1 mm increments along known angular intervals of the projected X-ray beam. Focal trough thickness was determined by visibility of the 1.5 lp mm-1 resolution limits. The path of the effective rotation center was determined using a film positioned at right angles to the slit beam. The vertical magnification and horizontal magnification and distortion index, corrected for the position of the tomographic layer, were calculated using a reference object placed at various resolution limits of the focal trough. The beam projection angle was calculated with respect to the central plane of the focal trough and the average dental arch shape compared with the average proximal contact angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum resolution observed at the central plane of the focal trough was 5 lp mm-1. The width of the focal trough varied from 17 mm in the anterior region to 44 mm in the posterior region. The path of the effective rotation center was found to translate between three fixed centers of rotation, with the effective anterior projection radius of 24 mm. The vertical magnification factor within the focal trough showed a linear increase along the beam path from 1.24-1.37 and the horizontal magnification varied from 1.01-1.63. The distortion index varied from 0.84-1.24. The beam projection angle increased from 90 degrees anteriorly to 115 degrees in the premolar area with respect to the central plane of the focal trough and from 90 degrees anteriorly to 110 degrees in the premolar area compared with the average dental arch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OP 100 provides a focal trough conforming well to the overall geometry of the dental arch and provides adequate spatial resolution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Scarfe
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Eraso
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Farman
mesh_terms: D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D011858:Radiographic Magnification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012399:Rotation; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens / Q000706:statistics & numerical data