title: Effusion in magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint: a study of 123 joints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effusion is the term used by radiologists for a hyperintensity signal seen inside a joint on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical and imaging features of this phenomenon, with the ultimate purpose of clarifying its meaning in dysfunctional processes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical histories of 111 patients (123 joints) with effusion on MRI were reviewed. Thirty-one patients (46 joints) with articular pathology but without effusion, chosen at randomized, served as a control group. Five clinical variables (articular pain, radiating pain, limited mouth opening, clicking, and clinical stage) and five imaging findings (disc displacement, effusion location, disc morphology, osteophytes, avascular necrosis, and osteochondritis dissecans) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effusion in TMJ could be seen in relation to disc displacement and degenerative changes (osteophytes, avascular necrosis, osteochondritis dissecans). Clicking was more frequently found in TMJs without effusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that effusion may be a marker of articular degeneration in the TMJ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital de la Princesa, Autonoma University from Madrid, School of Medicine, Spain.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Adame
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monje
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Offnoz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin-Granizo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005096:Exostoses / Q000175:diagnosis; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000175:diagnosis; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013016:Sound; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013582:Synovial Fluid; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000473:pathology*