title: Clinical significance of morphologic and genetic examination of spontaneously aborted embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In families with a history of multiple pregnancy losses, the prognosis of future pregnancies is critically dependent on recognizing an accurate pathogenesis of pregnancy loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphological and genetic evaluation of products of conception provides necessary information for clinicians. Modern molecular cytogenetic techniques such as in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization allow cytogenetic diagnosis even when aborted tissues are nonviable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation of morphological and cytogenetic findings allows distinction between developmental defects associated with chromosomal syndromes and other pathogenesis such as environmental teratogens, and Mendalian or multifactorial inheritance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathologists have the responsibility of ensuring that the answers to questions, such as why the failure occurred or whether there is any increased chance of having an abnormal liveborn infant in a future pregnancy, are obtained and that the information is communicated to the parent's obstetrician, geneticist, and family physician.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, B.C. Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kalousek
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens