title: Magnesium status and risk of coronary artery disease in rural and urban populations with variable magnesium consumption.
abstract: This survey was conducted to determine the association between amount of magnesium intake and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary risk factors in north India. There were 3575 subjects aged 25-64 years including 1769 rural (894 men, 875 women) and 1806 urban (904 men, 902 women) subjects. The survey methods were questionnaires for 7-day food intake record, physical examination and electrocardiography using World Health Organization criteria. The overall prevalence of CAD was three-fold greater in urban compared to rural subjects (9.0 vs 3.3 per cent, p < 0.001). The prevalence of CAD was significantly higher among subjects consuming lower dietary magnesium. Lower magnesium status was inversely associated with risk of CAD in both rural and urban subjects in both sexes. Among subjects with low magnesium status, there was a higher prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus showing a significant increasing trend with decrease in magnesium status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after pooling of data from rural and urban subjects and after adjustment of age showed that magnesium intake had an inverse association with prevalence of CAD. Serum magnesium (odds ratio: men 1.14, women 1.05), dietary magnesium (men 1.21, women 1.12), serum cholesterol (men 1.15, women 1.15), blood pressure (1.26 men, women 1.21), diabetes mellitus (men 1.20, women 1.18) in both sexes and smoking in men (1.05) were significant risk factors of CAD. Lower consumption of dietary magnesium and low serum Mg level in north India have a higher prevalence of CAD and of the coronary risk factors hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. It is possible that increased intake of magnesium to about 500 mg/day may be of benefit in the prevention of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Nutrition and Heart Research Laboratory Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Niaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moshiri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population; D012907:Smoking; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium