title: Perceptions of parental bonding in patients with various personality disorders, lifetime depressive disorders, and healthy controls.
abstract: The aims of the present study was (a) to examine the relationship between parental bonding and various personality disorders, when the effect of a lifetime depressive disorder was statistically controlled for, and (b) to examine the relationship between parental bonding and a lifetime depressive disorder when the effects of various personality disorders were accounted for. The study included 135 psychiatric outpatients and 41 healthy controls. The patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R axis I and axis II. Results indicated that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder was associated with reports of lower levels of paternal care and higher levels of paternal overprotection, while cluster B personality disorder was associated with reports of high parental overprotection. Avoidant, dependent, and cluster A personality disorders were not associated with abnormal parental bonding. Lifetime depressive disorders were associated with reports of low maternal care and high maternal overprotection when the effect of a personality disorder was accounted for.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dragvoil, Norway.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nordahl
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Stiles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors