title: Complications of retained internal bolster after pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been widely accepted as an efficacious means of nutritional support in the infant and child. A well-described technique uses the Gauderer-Ponsky tube (CR Bard Incorporated, Tewksbury, MA) drawn antegrade through the gastric wall and secured by an internal and external SILASTIC (Dow Corning; Midland, MI) bolster. The majority of reported complications attendant to its use occur secondary to insertion. This report details a less well-described complication of tube removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1992, 234 pediatric PEGs have been performed using a Gauderer-Ponsky tube. Approximately 6 weeks after the procedure, all catheters were removed and replaced with gastric buttons. The internal bolster was left within the stomach to pass spontaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five children (2.1%), ages 6 months to 5 years, failed to pass this crossbar. Three subsequently presented with dysphagia and drooling with the internal bolster wedged in the proximal esophagus. All were left with significant residual stricture after endoscopic removal of the crossbar. Two required dilatation and the third underwent operative stricturoplasty. A fourth child returned with intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. The internal bolster was retained in the stomach 4 months after catheter removal. Endoscopic retrieval resulted in resolution of the symptomatology. The final case was found to have an asymptomatic bolster in the stomach approximately 18 months after catheter removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases highlight a potential sequelae of pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy not previously acknowledged. The significant complications associated with the retained bolster in four of these five children suggests that follow-up should be altered to monitor prompt passage of the crossbar after tube removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville 32209, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mollitt
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dokler
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Jeiven
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000295:instrumentation; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000150:complications*; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers