title: [Improving anal continence by selective stimulation of the external anal sphincter muscle].
abstract: Using the pig as a model, it was shown that stimulation of the distal nerve ending of the pudendal nerve leads to the isolated stimulation of the external anal sphincter muscle. No difference in pressure response was noted after application of between 0.5 and 1.5 mA unilateral or bilateral stimulation. Major advantages observed using between 1.5 and 2.5 mA bilateral stimulation; with a stimulation between 2.0 and 2.5 mA the pressure response was twice as high compared to unilateral stimulation. Continuous stimulation of the striated anal sphincter muscle leads to fatigue, reaching 50% fatigue after a median time between 40-90 s. In cyclic stimulation (alternation every 15 s, duration 20 min) a fatigue reaction was also seen. The peak pressure decreased after 20 min for a median of 11%, the final pressure was lowered in 15% following a logarithmic curve pattern. The experimental application of variable impulse ranges also caused pressure differences. Increasing the impulse range from 200 to 450 microseconds (peak pressure) vs. 400 microseconds (final pressure) resulted in a statistically significant pressure increase. Therefore, it was proven that selective stimulation of the external anal sphincter muscle can lead to a transient pressure increase, which possibly improves fecal continence.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaorman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wipfler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rumstadt
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013552:Swine
vernacular_title: Verbesserung der analen Kontinenz durch selektive Stimulation des M. sphincter ani externus.