title: Expression of the Armadillo family member p120cas1B in Xenopus embryos affects head differentiation but not axis formation.
abstract: The Armadillo family is formed by proteins which possess an Arm domain comprising multiple copies of a 42-amino-acid motif, the Arm repeat, initially described for the Drosophila segment polarity gene product Armadillo. The Arm domain serves in protein-protein interactions which are required for the family members Armadillo, beta-catenin and plakoglobin to mediate cell-cell adhesion and Wnt/Wingless signalling. Similarily, p120cas, the Arm domain containing src substrate, also binds to cadherins and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in response to a variety of stimuli. However, a putative function of p120cas in adhesion or signalling has not yet been demonstrated. It has also not been shown until now that an Arm domain is a common signal transduction motif. Using Xenopus embryos we show by expression of murine p120cas1B (mp120cas1B) in ventral blastomeres that this catenin cannot replace beta-catenin function in dorsal axis formation. Thus, the presence of an Arm domain per se is not sufficient to activate the Wnt/Wg pathway. Indeed, injection of mp120cas1B into dorsal blastomeres led instead to delayed blastopore closure and posteriorized phenotypes with malformed head structures indicative of disturbed gastrulation movements. Because neither convergent extension behaviour nor adhesion to fibronectin was altered in the injected embryos we assume that mp120cas1B influences motility or orientation of migrating mesodermal cells.
authors.affiliation: Universität Ulm, Abt. Biochemie, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aberle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kühl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kemler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wedlich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; D001757:Blastomeres; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D051177:Catenins; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004475:Ectoderm; D005353:Fibronectins; D005775:Gastrula; D015870:Gene Expression; D006257:Head / Q000196:embryology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008648:Mesoderm; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D000095002:Delta Catenin
chemical_list: D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; C495266:CTNNB1 protein, Xenopus; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D051177:Catenins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D000095002:Delta Catenin