title: [Simplification in locating and dissecting the levator muscle of the upper eyelid in surgery for ptosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While repairing eyelid ptosis by aponeurotic resection by anterior approach, the risk of damaging the levator complex and the conjunctiva is significant. In order to simplify the dissection between Müller's muscle and the underneath conjunctiva, we use a modification of the usual surgical technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before the skin incision, the eversion of the upper eyelid allows to dissect the conjunctiva from the Müller's muscle under direct visual control, starting from the upper tarsal margin. A silicone band is then passed through the so created horizontal subconjunctival tunnel. The upper eyelid can be physiologically replaced, and the levator muscle aponeurosis exposed. The two ends of the band are then pulled on surface through two lateral incision performed close to the upper tarsal edge. Now the band plays the role of a useful landmark: every tissue above the band is levator complex; when stretched downwards, it points the upper edge of the tarsal plate. We operated by this technique 24 eyes, affected of acquired or congenital ptosis. Fourteen eyelids had already undergone ptosis surgery elsewhere.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We achieved good-to-excellent results in all cases, without any important postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed manoeuvre makes easier the dissection of the inner aspect of the levator complex, because of the material control. Therefore it minimises the tissue trauma and the postoperative complications, particularly in complicated cases characterised by scarring and fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences Cliniques et Biologiques, Université de Pavia, IIe Faculté de Médecine et Chirurgie de Varèse, Italie.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marcoli
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Adenis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghisolfi
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008722:Methods
vernacular_title: Simplification du repérage et de la dissection du releveur de la paupière supérieure dans la chirurgie du ptosis.