Cognitive neuroscience of human memory.
Current knowledge is summarized about long-term memory systems of the human brain, with memory systems defined as specific neural networks that support specific mnemonic processes. The summary integrates convergent evidence from neuropsychological studies of patients with brain lesions and from functional neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Evidence is reviewed about the specific roles of hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, the amygdala, the basal ganglia, and various neocortical areas in declarative memory. Evidence is also reviewed about which brain regions mediate specific kinds of procedural memory, including sensorimotor, perceptual, and cognitive skill learning; perceptual and conceptual repetition priming; and several forms of conditioning. Findings are discussed in terms of the functional neural architecture of normal memory, age-related changes in memory performance, and neurological conditions that affect memory such as amnesia. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Gabrieli
J D
JD
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA. gabrieli@psych.stanford.edu
D000647:Amnesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D019336:Cognitive Science / Q000639:trends*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000639:trends*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging