title: [Does the preoperative administration of ketorolac improve postoperative analgesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) To verify the usefulness of ketorolac administration (30 mg i.v.) before a surgical operation in terms of postoperative analgesia improvement; 2) To evaluate the impact of preoperative ketorolac administration on perioperative renal function and on intraoperative water balance; 3) to evaluate the presence of adverse effect due to preoperative NSAID use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University surgical department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, randomized in 2 groups: in group 1 ketorolac (30 mg i.v.) was administered immediately after the induction and, for postoperative analgesia, ketorolac (30 mg i.v.) was administered beginning at the time of skin closure; in group 2 no ketorolac was administered before the operation and postoperative treatment was the same. Buprenorphine (0.3 mg i.m.) was administered in case of unsatisfactory analgesia. Fluids infused and diuresis were measured intraoperatively. One, 6 and 24 hours after the end of operation pain was evaluated using pain intensity score and VAS. The day after the operation serum creatinine and urea were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding fluids infused, intraoperative diuresis, postoperative pain, adverse effects and number of bleeding episodes. More than 50% of patients, in either groups, required opioids administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketorolac (30 mg i.v.) administration before a major abdominal operation does not improve postoperative analgesia nor determines significant alterations in renal function or increase in the frequency of abnormal bleedings. Opiate administration is necessary in more than 50% of the patients to achieve adequate analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi, Catania.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hauf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panascia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scuderi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crimi
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D014046:Tolmetin; D020910:Ketorolac
vernacular_title: La somministrazione preoperatoria di ketorolac migliora l'analgesia postoperatoria?