title: Prophylactic tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid for primary myocardial revascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of prophylactic epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid to reduce transfusions after primary myocardial revascularization was evaluated in a teaching hospital context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 134) received either epsilon-aminocaproic acid (15-g bolus + infusion of 1 g/h), high-dose tranexamic acid (10-g bolus + placebo infusion), or normal saline solution in a double-blind fashion. Anticoagulation and conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass were standardized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid produced a significant reduction in postoperative blood loss compared with placebo (median loss, 438 mL, 538 mL, and 700 mL, respectively). Transfusion of red cells was similar in all three groups. Nonetheless, the percentage of patients receiving hemostatic blood products was significantly decreased in the epsilon-aminocaproic acid group compared with the placebo group (20% versus 43%; p = 0.03). Both tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid significantly decreased total exposure to allogeneic blood products compared with placebo (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively), and this reduction was clinically important (median exposure, 2, 2, and 7.5 units, respectively). Fibrinolysis was inhibited significantly in both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that either high-dose tranexamic acid or epsilon-aminocaproic acid effectively reduces transfusions in patients undergoing primary, elective myocardial revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. hardy@icm.umontreal.ca
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bélisle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robitaille
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagnon
mesh_terms: D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid