title: Seminal fluid factor increases the resistance of the tight junctional complex of cultured human cervical epithelium CaSki cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of human seminal fluid on cervical paracellular resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers in an academic research environment; cultures of human CaSki cells on filters, with phenotypic characteristics of the endocervix.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy men donating sperm to a sperm bank.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seminal fluid was obtained as the discarded fluid from ejaculates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in transepithelial electrical resistance across CaSki cells on filters were determined in an Ussing chamber from successive measurements of the short-circuit current and the transepithelial potential difference. Changes in the dilution potential (and hence in the ratio of Cl- to Na+ mobilities) were determined after lowering the NaCl concentration in the luminal solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seminal fluid increased transepithelial electrical resistance acutely (t1/2, 2 minutes), reversibly, and in a dose-related manner (ED50, 1%). The effect of seminal fluid was abolished when the extracellular calcium level was lowered, and the increase in transepithelial electrical resistance correlated with a decrease in the ratio Cl- to Na+ mobilities, indicating an increase in the resistance of the tight junctional complex. The increase in transepithelial electrical resistance in response to seminal fluid was nonadditive to that of sn-1,2-dioctanoyl diglyceride (a stable diacylglyceride and activator of protein kinase C), and it was abolished by prolonged preincubation with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (to downregulate protein kinase C) or with staurosporin (to inhibit protein kinase C), suggesting that seminal fluid acts through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Slower (t1/2, 3.3 minutes) increases in transepithelial electrical resistance occurred when seminal fluid was added only to the luminal or the subluminal solution. Treatment with pertussis toxin, adenosine triphosphatase, or trypsin had no effect on the changes in transepithelial electrical resistance. Seminal fluid increased cytosolic calcium, but changes in cytosolic calcium are not important for the increases in transepithelial electrical resistance, suggesting that the effect of seminal fluid is not receptor-mediated. Preliminary studies indicate that the factor(s) in seminal fluid that increases transepithelial electrical resistance is a labile, low molecular weight (< 10 kd) lipid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seminal fluid may regulate cervical mucus production in vivo by modulating endocervical permeability.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. gig@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Gorodeski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C044295:1,2-dioctanoylglycerol; D019311:Staurosporine; D002118:Calcium