title: Identifying markers for pancreatic cancer by gene expression analysis.
abstract: To begin to identify new tumor markers, we recently performed a systematic study of gene expression in cancers of the colon and pancreas. Of the 45,000 genes identified, 183 were found to be expressed at significantly elevated levels in pancreatic cancer. One of the genes was tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type I (TIMP-1), which encodes a secreted protein. Analysis of TIMP-1 serum levels revealed significant increases in pancreatic cancer patients, but TIMP-1 by itself was inadequate as a serum marker for cancer. However, a combination of individually suboptimal markers (TIMP-1, CA19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen) detected 60% of 85 patients with pancreatic cancers in a highly specific manner. These results suggest that a systematic analysis of gene expression can reveal novel serum markers and that individually suboptimal markers can be combined to yield higher sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sokoll
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bruzek
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Velculescu
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hruban
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kinzler
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1