title: Presence of cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins in articular cartilage and enhancement of matrix replacement in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMPs) in an in vitro cartilage explant model that mimics the chondrocytic response to matrix depletion, and to demonstrate their presence in articular cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult bovine articular cartilage and postmortem specimens from adult human donors with and without osteoarthritic (OA) lesions were stained by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies specific for CDMP-1 and CDMP-2. Extracts of bovine articular cartilage were analyzed by Western blotting for the presence of the CDMPs. Bovine articular cartilage explants were depleted of their matrix by trypsin digestion, followed by a 7-day culture period in a chemically defined serum-free basal medium (BM), with or without recombinant CDMPs 1 and 2. The metabolic activity of chondrocytes was measured by 35S-sulfate incorporation into macromolecules. Newly synthesized proteoglycans (PGs) were analyzed using Sephacryl S-500 HR gel chromatography. The expression levels of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for chondrogenic markers were investigated by Northern analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CDMP-1 and CDMP-2 were detected in both bovine and human healthy and OA articular cartilage. Treatment of matrix-depleted cartilage explants with CDMPs 1 and 2 increased equally the incorporation of 35S-sulfate into PGs compared with tissue maintained in BM. Gel chromatography analysis indicated that aggrecan was the predominant PG species. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of link protein, type II collagen, and aggrecan mRNA transcripts was not modulated by CDMP treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the presence of CDMP-1 and CDMP-2 in adult bovine and human articular cartilage. In addition, our in vitro data indicate that CDMPs 1 and 2 stimulate the metabolic activity of articular chondrocytes. Therefore, these signaling molecules may be contributing to the maintenance of the integrity of the joint surface.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Erlacher
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Luyten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D006133:Growth Substances; D011453:Prostaglandins; C090394:cartilage-derived-morphogenetic protein-2; D014357:Trypsin