title: Comparative mapping of X chromosomes in vole species of the genus Microtus.
abstract: Comparative mapping of X-linked genes has progressed rapidly since Ohno's prediction that genes on the X chromosome should be conserved as a syntenic group in all mammals. Although several conserved blocks of homology between human and mouse have been discovered, rearrangements within the X chromosome have also been characterized. More recently, some exceptions to Ohno's law have been reported. We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to map five genes, Gla, G6pd, Hprt, Pgk1 and Xist, to two of the largest conserved segments of X material in five members of the genus Microtus (grey vole) and show that vole X chromosomes demonstrate greater homology to human than to mouse. Cytogenetic analysis indicates a relatively high frequency of rearrangement during vole evolution, although certain blocks of homology appear to be highly conserved in all species studied to date. On this basis we were able to predict the probable location of the rat X inactivation centre (Xic) based solely on high-resolution G-banding. Our prediction was then confirmed by mapping the rat Xist gene by FISH. The possible significance of conserving long-range chromosome structure in the vicinity of the Xic is discussed with respect to the mechanism of X inactivation.
authors.affiliation: MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Nesterova
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mazurok
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Isaenko
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Rubtsova
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zakian
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brockdorff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D015342:DNA Probes; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005347:Fibroblasts; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D051381:Rats; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014157:Transcription Factors; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase