title: Formation of autocrine loops in human cerebral meningioma tissue by leukemia inhibitor factor, interleukin-6, and oncostatin M: inhibition of meningioma cell growth in vitro by recombinant oncostatin M.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been demonstrated that growth of cerebral meningiomas found in humans is controlled by a variety of factors, including growth factors, aminergic agents, neuropeptides, and steroids. To further our knowledge of this process, the authors investigated the presence and function of the cytokines leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and oncostatin M (OSM) on meningioma cell proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Active transcription of LIF, IL-6, and OSM, their related receptors (LIF-R, IL-6-R, and gp130), and the consecutive signal-transducing molecules (STAT 1, STAT 3, and STAT 5a) were analyzed in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments. The presence of endogenous LIF, IL-6, and OSM proteins was demonstrated in the supernatant of cultured meningioma cells using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot experiments, thus indicating an autocrine signaling pathway for all three cytokines. The biological function of all three cytokines was evaluated by studying their effects on meningioma cell growth. Recombinant LIF and IL-6 showed no significant growth modulating effects; however, recombinant OSM decreased meningioma cell growth by 66%. The antiproliferative potency of OSM was demonstrated by cell count experiments, the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay, and cell cycle analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vitro data support the concept that growth of meningioma cells may be modulated by cytokines, and they also indicate that recombinant OSM may be one future candidate for use in the adjuvant treatment of inoperable and recurrent meningiomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Schrell
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marschalek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schrauzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahlbusch
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008579:Meningioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; C507840:LIFR protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C508351:OSM protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D013256:Steroids; D015534:Trans-Activators; D053683:Oncostatin M; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130