title: A comparison of intercostal and abdominal routes of splenic aspiration and bone marrow aspiration in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Two hundred and seventy patients with febrile splenomegaly and coming from areas where visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar) is endemic and in whom the diagnosis of kala-azar was strongly suspected were randomly divided into 3 groups, subjected to splenic aspiration by the intercostal route, splenic aspiration by the abdominal route, and bone marrow aspiration, respectively, for demonstration of amastigotes. Pain immediately after aspiration, requiring a few analgesic tablets, occurred in 8, 16 and 20 patients of the 3 groups, respectively. Pain on the day after aspiration was reported by 2, 4 and 6 patients, respectively. One patient, in the abdominal group, developed gastro-intestinal haemorrhage but this was managed with blood transfusion; he was not suffering from VL. No patient died. The abdominal route of splenic aspiration was not feasible in 12 patients (13%), as their spleen size was less than 3 cm, and they were subsequently aspirated by the intercostal route. On the first aspiration, amastigotes were seen in 68 patients (76%) in the intercostal group, 64 patients (71%) in the abdominal group and 42 patients (46%) in the bone marrow group. Two weeks later, 15 patients (17%) in the bone marrow group and in whom amastigotes had not been detected, but whose fever continued, were subjected to intercostal splenic aspiration and amastigotes were detected. After 2 months, 3 patients in the intercostal group and 4 patients in the abdominal group gave positive aspirates, and 2 patients in the intercostal group, one in the abdominal group, and one in the bone marrow group did so at the third aspiration. Thus only 200 (74%) of 270 patients were suffering from VL. It was concluded that, with some precautions, splenic aspiration is a safe and easy method for the diagnosis of VL, and the intercostal route is preferred because it is feasible in a larger proportion of cases and anatomically safer than the abdominal route, and it gives a positive result more often than bone marrow aspiration.
authors.affiliation: Kala-azar Research Centre, Patna, India.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Thakur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000469:parasitology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013154:Spleen / Q000469:parasitology*; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000150:complications