title: Randomised controlled trial of local allergoid immunotherapy on allergic inflammation in mite-induced rhinoconjunctivitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-injective routes of immunotherapy are thought to be valuable therapeutic options for respiratory allergy. We investigated the clinical efficacy and the effects of sublingual/oral immunotherapy on conjunctival allergic inflammation in patients with mite-induced respiratory allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a double-blind placebo-controlled design. 20 patients with mite-induced rhinoconjunctivitis (six of whom also had mild asthma) were randomly assigned sublingual/oral immunotherapy (n=10) or placebo (n=10) for 2 years. We assessed symptom score by diary cards and inflammatory-cell infiltrate, and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the conjunctiva after specific allergen challenge at enrollment and after 12 and 24 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significantly lower symptom scores in the immunotherapy group than in the placebo group in most of the winter months (p=0.05). Compared with the placebo group, inflammatory-cell infiltration after conjunctival challenge, and ICAM-1 expression on conjunctival epithelium decreased significantly in the first year of treatment in the immunotherapy group (p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively). These effects were also seen for the minimum persistent inflammation, in symptom-free patients exposed constantly to allergens (p=0.02). Serum concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein decreased significantly (p=0.04). Immunotherapy was well tolerated and compliance was good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that this immunotherapy is clinically effective in rhinoconjunctivitis and that it decreases the immune-mediated inflammatory responses to the allergen.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa University, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passalacqua
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fregonese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pronzato
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mela
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000818:Animals; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004391:Dust; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008925:Mites; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1