title: The Awareness Questionnaire: factor structure and internal consistency.
abstract: Patients with traumatic brain injuries often show impaired awareness of their impairments. This impaired awareness can decrease motivation for treatment and limit eventual functional outcome. The importance of this phenomenon has led to the development of multiple techniques and scales for measuring impaired awareness. The present paper briefly reviews the various methods of operationalizing impaired awareness and describes a new scale (the Awareness Questionnaire) designed to incorporate all these methods. Findings of previous studies supporting the validity of the Awareness Questionnaire are presented. The present investigation examined the factor structure and internal consistency of the Awareness Questionnaire with samples of 126 traumatic brain injury survivors and 75 family members/significant others. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation indicated three factors: cognitive, behavioural/affective, and motor/sensory. Investigation of internal consistency (Cronbach Coefficient Alpha) in both the patient and family sample yielded satisfactory results. These findings are supportive of continued use and investigation of the Awareness Questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergloff
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boake
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: High
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome