title: [Insurgent physicians and surgeons].
abstract: The long way toward the Mexican Independence developed in various stages, each one characterized by the temperament of the leaders, the theater of war actions and the social instances. At the beginning of the movement, of popular and radical types, we find few physicians perhaps due to the small number of them in the cities and to their absence in the villages. The middle period shows a larger number of national and foreign physicians. They are present in a more important number during the last stage, of bourgeois and reformist characteristics. The comportment of these worthy members of the medical class, during the different stages of the national independence movement, is a clear example of the patriotism and honesty of the Mexican physicians.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Micheli-Serra
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D008800:Mexico; D010820:Physicians; D014857:Warfare
vernacular_title: Médicos y cirujanos insurgentes.