title: Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition of smokers and non-smokers: effects of vitamin E supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adequate dietary intakes of vitamin E and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids are important to maintain cell membrane integrity, and deficiencies have been associated with smoking related cardiovascular disease. Sufficient vitamin E is required to prevent free radical mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids. Consequently, smokers may have a greater requirement for this antioxidant. To investigated, we assessed the concurrent influences of smoking, vitamin E supplementation and red blood cell (RBC) PUFA composition on the susceptibility of the cells to lipid peroxidation in adult males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male smokers and thirty male non-smokers were randomly ascribed to daily 280 mg vitamin E or placebo supplements for 10 weeks. RBC were analysed at weeks 0 and 10 for fatty acid methyl esters, vitamin E, and their susceptibility to in vitro H202 induced lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of essential fatty acids (EFA) in RBC were lower in smokers than in non-smokers. supplementation with vitamin E increased levels of RBC EFA in smokers and non-smokers was inversely correlated with their susceptibility to peroxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An adequate vitamin E to PUFA ratio is required to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. The significant correlation between susceptibility to peroxidation and the PUFA content of RBC before supplementation suggests an inadequate intake of vitamin E in relation to PUFA intake. Moreover, the requirement for vitamin E appears to be greater in smokers than in non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Morrice
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Duthie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010919:Placebos; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010919:Placebos; D013229:Stearic Acids; D014810:Vitamin E; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C007547:behenic acid