title: Ten-year follow up of a cohort with rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) occur at among the highest rates in the world in Aboriginal Australians of the Northern Territory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To follow-up a previously-described cohort of Aboriginal children with RHD, in order to understand better the outcome of ARF and RHD in this population, and to identify areas where the impact of these diseases might be lessened
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a cohort of 33 children seen between 1980 and 1984, 27 survived until July, 1984. Twenty-five of the survivors were followed up for a mean of 10.6 years to a mean age of 24.1 years. The two deaths during follow-up were both due to RHD. Six people underwent valve replacement surgery; all were clinically healthy when last seen. Complications included two thromboembolic events and two episodes of endocarditis. Deterioration of RHD severity was associated with ARF recurrences (relative risk 3.6; 95% CI 1.7-7.6), and resolution of RHD was associated with having only mild valve lesions initially (risk difference 0.58; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.86). During follow-up, valve lesions tended either to resolve or to become more complex and severe, with a higher proportion of aortic valve lesions and multiple valve lesions. Of seven children with suspected past ARF, excluded from the original cohort because of normal cardiac findings at the time, three developed RHD, including one who died due to RHD and two with moderate or severe valve lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Aboriginal Australians, poor outcomes of RHD are common, and are associated with ARF recurrences and early onset of more severe valve lesions. A coordinated ARF and RHD control programme is needed in this region, using a centralised register of patients, and concentrating on strategies to improve adherence to secondary prophylaxis regimens, better clinical care (including newer surgical techniques) and education of patients, families, and health staff.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carapetis
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kilburn
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Currie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve; D015876:Northern Territory; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D000095283:Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples