title: T4 laryngeal carcinoma: radiotherapy alone with surgery reserved for salvage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the results of primary radiation therapy for patients with T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1964 and October 1994, 43 patients with T4 invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx received radiotherapy with curative intent in the University of Florida Department of Radiation Oncology. All patients had a minimum of 2 years follow-up. There were 26 primary cancers of the supraglottic larynx, 11 of the glottic larynx, and 6 of the subglottic larynx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year actuarial rate of local control was 52%. By direct calculation, local control was achieved in 8 (38%) of 21 supraglottic carcinomas, 8 (89%) of 9 glottic tumors, and 2 of 6 subglottic tumors. Local control of nonbulky lesions was achieved in 67%, and 38% of bulky lesions were locally controlled. Only 3 (17%) of 18 local recurrences were successfully salvaged by subsequent surgery. There were 2 (5%) severe complications of irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our series, as well as a review of the literature, local control by primary irradiation has been achieved in approximately 50% of patients with T4 laryngeal cancer. Selection factors for choosing irradiation have not been well described: the present series contains a small amount of information suggesting that tumor volume may be a reliable predictor of control, but further substantiation is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0385, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cassisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011878:Radiotherapy; D016879:Salvage Therapy