title: Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-PSA (ACT-PSA): a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate?
abstract: This study examined the clinical relevance of the determination of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complexed PSA (ACT-PSA) in addition to total PSA antigen (t-PSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Both total PSA- and ACT-PSA-values of frozen sera obtained pretherapeutically from 93 patients with carcinoma (PC) and 132 patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) were analyzed by means of PSA sandwich-ELISA (Dianova GmbH) and ACT-PSA sandwich-ELISA (Dianova GmbH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 95% specificity (true negative test results), a cutoff value of 18.9 [micrograms/L] was obtained for total PSA (7 patients with BPH [5%] were above this value). For this cutoff value we calculated a sensitivity (true positive test results) of 41%. Using the same criteria for the ratio Q = ACT-PSA: t-PSA (percentage of ACT-PSA) a cutoff of 6.0 was found again at a specificity of 95%. In a second step only patients with total PSA values below the cutoff level of 18.9 [micrograms/L]) were considered. Out of these patients 119 of 125 with BPH and 3 of 54 with PC were below the above mentioned ratio (Q = 6.0). Considering both steps (total PSA and Q) 42 patients with PC were detected correctly and 15 patients with BPH would have been biopsied unnecessarily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High total PSA levels are a very good indicator for the presence of prostate cancer. There is still concern to improve the differentiation of the diagnosis between BPH and PC, when an intermediate or low value (< or = 95% specificity) is observed. The determination of Q = ACT-PSA: t-PSA is not to be recommended because it might not be helpful for the clinicians decision to perform biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Chemie, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stieber
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmeller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fateh-Moghadam
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen