title: Prophylactic ephedrine attenuates the hemodynamic response to propofol in elderly female patients.
abstract: In this study, we compared the effect of prophylactic administration of ephedrine against the hypotensive effect of propofol in elderly female patients scheduled for minor gynecological procedures. Ninety patients aged 60 yr or older were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 30 patients each to receive either normal saline, ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg, or ephedrine 0.2 mg/kg i.v. 1 min before the induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and fentanyl. Hemodynamic variables were measured before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after induction. The decrease in blood pressure and heart rate (HR) was significantly less in each of the ephedrine groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the decrease was less in the large-dose group compared with the small-dose group (P < 0.05). Twelve patients in the control group experienced a decrease in systolic blood pressure to < 80 mmHg, compared with only one patient in the ephedrine groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the prophylactic injection of ephedrine significantly attenuated, but did not completely abolish, the decrease in blood pressure associated with induction of anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol. Ephedrine 0.2 mg/kg was slightly more effective than ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prophylactic effect of ephedrine to counteract the hypotensive effect of propofol induction of anesthesia was investigated in three groups of elderly female patients given 0.1 or 0.2 mg of ephedrine or placebo before induction. Both ephedrine doses markedly attenuated, but neither of them abolished, the decrease in blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Michelsen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Helbo-Hansen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Køhler
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rydlund
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bentzon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004809:Ephedrine; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol