title: Retrograde coronary perfusion: effects on iatrogenic edema and diastolic properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relative merits of antegrade infusion and retrograde infusion of cardioplegic solution in terms of heart weight, myocardial water content, and ventricular diastolic properties are undefined. Accordingly, we compared antegrade and retrograde flow of hemodiluted blood in isolated, hypothermic porcine hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  After cardiectomy, 1 L of cold heparinized blood diluted with lactated Ringer's solution to concentrations ranging from 100% lactated Ringer's to 50% lactated Ringer's and 50% blood was perfused in an antegrade (n = 6) or retrograde (n = 6) fashion at mean pressures of 62 +/- 2 mm Hg (+/- standard error of the mean) and 49 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively. Heart weight, myocardial water content, and left ventricular pressure-volume relationships were obtained before and after perfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the comparison of measurements before and after perfusion, changes in heart weight (36 +/- 4 g versus 5 +/- 2 g; p < 0.05), myocardial water content (6.9% +/- 1.0% versus 2.5% +/- 0.4%; p < 0.01), and ventricular filling measured by normalized left ventricular volume at 10, 15, and 20 mm Hg were greater in the antegrade group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the isolated porcine heart, retrograde flow is distinguished from antegrade flow by less change in heart weight and myocardial water content and no diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: C X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cabreriza
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sardo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chalik
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Spotnitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006438:Hemodilution; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left