title: Liposomal amphotericin B treatment for neonatal fungal infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disseminated fungal infections are a major problem in high risk neonates. Conventional antifungal agents are often unsatisfactory and have a high incidence of severe adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered liposomal encapsulated amphotericin B (AmBisome), which is an alternative to conventional amphotericin B, to 40 preterm (mean birth weight, 1090 +/- 313.6 g; mean gestational age, 28.35 +/- 2.13 weeks) and 4 full term (mean birth weight, 3080 +/- 118 g; mean gestational age, 39 +/- 0.7 weeks) newborn infants with a severe fungal infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candida albicans was the most frequent fungus isolated (70%). The duration of intravenous AmBisome therapy ranged from 7 to 49 days; the cumulative dose ranged from 7 to 138.8 mg/kg (median, 45.2 mg/kg). Administration of AmBisome was effective in 72.7% of patients; 5 of 6 cases of meningitis also recovered; 63.6% of 33 very low birth weight infants survived. No side effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge this is the largest study of the treatment of neonates with liposomal amphotericin B, and the results confirm its effectiveness and safety. However, randomized clinical trials are required to establish the most effective administration protocol for AmBisome, i.e. the starting dosage, the maximum effective dosage and the cumulative dosage, and to verify whether the preparation should be associated with another antifungal agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarcella
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pasquariello
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giugliano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vendemmia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Lucia
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008081:Liposomes; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D008081:Liposomes; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B