title: Effect on ambulation of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion.
abstract: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) infusion has been shown to be an effective treatment for spasticity secondary to both cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury. Its effect on the ambulatory status of individuals with cerebral spasticity, however, has not previously been addressed. We reviewed the effect of ITB on functional ambulation in 24 patients who were ambulatory to some extent, either with or without assistive devices. Twenty-one pumps were placed in patients with spastic cerebral palsy and 3 in patients with spasticity secondary to traumatic brain injury (13 boys and 11 girls, mean age 18 years). The mean ITB dose was 200 microg/day (range 22-550 microg/day) and the mean length of follow-up was 52 months. Ambulation was retrospectively graded on four functional levels: community, household, non-functional, and non-ambulatory. The level of ambulation improved by one functional level in 9 patients, did not change for 12 patients, and was worse in 3 patients. Gait was considered to be improved in 20 of 24 patients by the patients or their families. The overall functional improvement not directly related to ambulation was found to be improved in 20 patients, unchanged in 2 patients, and worse in 2 patients. ITB allows for improved ambulation in a certain subset of patients with lower extremity spasticity. It is not contraindicated in patients who rely upon their spasticity for support during ambulation. ITB infusion allows for baclofen dosage titration to balance between extensor tone for support and suppression of hyperactive reflexes which may impede normal locomotion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pa. 15213, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gerszten
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003446:Crutches; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D014910:Wheelchairs
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen