title: Stent-graft arteriovenous fistula: an endovascular technique in hemodialysis access.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility and safety of a new endovascular technique for creating an arteriovenous (AV) fistula utilizing catheter-directed techniques and stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stent-graft AV fistulas were offered on an experimental basis to 8 patients who had a history of multiple failed access procedures or very small arm veins unsuitable for standard vascular access techniques. The device consisted of a balloon-expandable Palmaz stent attached to the designated venous end of a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The balloon-mounted stent-graft was inserted into the brachial vein through an arteriotomy and advanced over a guidewire into the axillary vein. After the stent-graft was deployed, the arterial anastomosis was completed in standard surgical fashion using an end-to-side anastomosis of the graft to the brachial artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stent-graft was inserted successfully in all patients, but there were two early failures. The first resulted from a steal phenomenon secondary to high flows through the stent-graft, necessitating ligation of the fistula. Another stent-graft was placed too peripherally in the upper arm, and the stainless steel stent was crushed by external compression. Three of the 6 remaining grafts were patent for over 1 year, and 2 grafts are still functioning at 22 and 13 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoluminal stent-grafts can be successfully inserted into the axillary vein for creation of an AV fistula and remain patent for 2 years or more. This method may be most useful in patients with very small, unusable arm veins or multiple failed AV grafts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Straub Clinic & Hospital, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu 96813, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kistner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eklof
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Balkin
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Kamida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene