title: Timing of surgery for fulminating pseudomembranous colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With increasing antibiotic usage Clostridium difficile colitis is becoming more common. Surgery for fulminating C. difficile colitis, however, is rare because of the effectiveness of specific anticlostridial chemotherapy. Surgical outcome in five patients with fulminating C. difficile colitis involved in a recent outbreak of this disease is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five of 138 patients developed fulminating C. difficile colitis unresponsive to medical therapy. All patients had antibiotics in the preceding period. Indications for operation in those who underwent surgery were systemic toxicity with a pyrexia, marked leukocytosis and abdominal signs leading to progressive organ failure, despite appropriate anticlostridial antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At operation all patients had a markedly oedematous colon with normal serosa but with acute mucosal colitis. All underwent subtotal abdominal colectomy and ileostomy. Progressive organ failure persisted in four, leading to death, giving a mortality rate of four in five in the operated group in comparison with 3.8 per cent (five of 133 patients) in those treated medically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that this increasingly common disease frequently leads to a fatal outcome in patients requiring surgery and implies that earlier surgical consultation may be necessary to improve survival in patients with fulminating C. difficile colitis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Synnott
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mealy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kyne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quill
mesh_terms: D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy / Q000379:methods; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents