title: Double-helix coil for occlusion of large patent ductus arteriosus: evaluation in a chronic lamb model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the efficacy and tissue reaction of a new miniature interventional device for occlusion of large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a neonatal lamb model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A variety of devices are used to close PDAs by interventional measures. Spring coils found to have a high cumulative occlusion rate have thus far been limited to smaller PDAs because of the physical limitation of grip forces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory-shaped double-cone stainless steel coils with enhanced stiffness of the outer rings by a double-helix configuration were mounted on a titanium/nickel core wire. A snap-in mechanism attaches the coil to the delivery wire, allowing intravascular coil retrieval and repositioning. The system was placed through a 4F or 5F Teflon catheter. A chronic lamb model (n = 8) of PDA (>5 mm) was used in which ductus patency was secured by a protocol of repetitive angioplasty procedures. The animals were killed after 1 to 181 days, and the ductal region was examined by inspection as well as by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placement of the coils within the PDA was possible in all lambs. Before final detachment, the coils were retrieved or repositioned, or both, up to 12 times. In all but one animal the ductus was closed within 6 days after the procedure. The coils caused no infections or aortic and pulmonary artery obstruction. Histologic and electron microscopic studies revealed endothelial coverage of the implants but no foreign body reaction or local or systemic inflammation or erosion of the implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The device effectively closed large PDAs in our model and may overcome the previous limitations of coils. Clinical trials are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research on Biomaterials, Aachen University of Technology, Germany. grabitz@alpha.imib.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Grabitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Freudenthal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigler
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boosfeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Bernuth
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012756:Sheep