title: The use of out of hours health services: a cross sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the use and costs of the principal out of hours health services in Buckinghamshire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross sectional survey and cost description of patient contacts with out of hours services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buckinghamshire during March and April 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practices, accident and emergency departments, ambulance services, and community nursing services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contacts with patients and cost of out of hours services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  438 patient contacts/1000 population/year were recorded at an annual incremental cost of between 4.6 m Pounds and 7.2 m Pounds (depending on the costing of general practitioner services), for a population of 660,000. Of these contacts, 21,649 (45%) were with general practitioners. Night time contacts with all services diminished sharply after 10 pm. General practitioners considered that 40% of contacts were unnecessary or could have waited until morning. Over 70% of contacts were for upper respiratory tract infections, earache, gastroenteritis, and other minor ailments. Nursing care was predominantly for elderly people, and 33% of nursing contacts were to supervise medication. Accident and emergency care was predominantely for young adults, especially men, and 41% of attendances were for medical conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New models such as multidisciplinary primary care centres with telephone advice lines and triaging are required to ensure high quality, cost effective care that is responsive to the needs of both consumers and professionals.
authors.affiliation: Anglia and Oxford Regional Office NHS Executive, Milton Keynes.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brogan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pickard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fairman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000552:Ambulances; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006693:Holidays; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009551:Night Care; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014600:Utilization Review