title: The effect of lung transplantation on health-related quality of life: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the change in health-related quality of life (HRQL) among Dutch lung transplant patients before and after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study on HRQL among 24 Dutch lung transplant patients who participated first as transplant candidates, and later as recipients in the study. This study design provides an accurate estimate of the change in HRQL as a result of lung transplantation because there is no confounding between change due to differences in composition between groups of patients at the different points of follow-up and the true change as a result of the transplantation. Patients completed self-administered questionnaires before transplantation, and at 1, 4, 7, 13, and 19 months after transplantation. The main HRQL measures were: the Nottingham health profile (NHP), the State-trait Anxiety Inventory, the Self-rating Depression Scale-Zung, the Karnofsky Performance Index, the index of well-being, and activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital Groningen, the Netherlands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before transplantation, patients report major restrictions on the dimensions mobility and energy of the NHP, a low level of experienced well-being, and depressive symptoms. In addition, patients experience difficulties in performing ADL and report a low ability to take care of themselves. About 4 months after transplantation, mobility, energy, sleep, ADL dependency level, and dyspnea were particularly positively affected by the lung transplantation. These improvements were maintained in the following 15 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung transplantation contributes positively to the HRQL of surviving patients over time.
authors.affiliation: Office for Medical Technology Assessment, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: TenVergert
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Essink-Bot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geertsma
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Enckevort
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Bij
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012890:Sleep; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires