title: Pharmacokinetics of EMLA cream 5% application to oral mucosa.
abstract: Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine were measured following the application of a 5% eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) topical anesthetic cream to the oral mucosa of twelve subjects. For each subject, a total of 8 g of EMLA was occluded to 18 cm2 of buccal mucosa for 30 min. Analysis was carried out by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and results showed peak concentrations at 40 min for lidocaine and prilocaine. The maximum concentration measured in any subject was 418 ng/ml for lidocaine and 223 ng/ml for prilocaine, well below known toxic levels. No adverse local effects were observed from a 30-min application of EMLA. A follow-up pilot study assessing the clinical efficacy of EMLA for achieving sufficient analgesia for restorative procedures showed that the cream was successful in 75% of subjects tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marzbani
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gerzina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Punnia-Moorthy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mather
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009824:Ointments; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D009824:Ointments; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine