title: Severe infections in plasmapheresis-treated systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk of infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with plasmapheresis in addition to intravenous (I.V.) pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the records of all our SLE patients for those who had undergone plasmapheresis plus I.V. CYC treatment (n = 9). Consecutive patients with similarly high SLE activity who underwent I.V. CYC therapy but not plasmapheresis were included as controls (n = 12). We evaluated both groups for severe infections, outcome, and confounding clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 9 plasmapheresis-treated patients had serious bacterial or viral infections, including 3 cases of cytomegalovirus infections. Among the 12 patients treated with I.V. CYC alone, only 2 had severe infections (P < 0.01). Three patients in the plasmapheresis group and none in the control group died of infections. Treatment efficacy, however, was similar for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among SLE patients treated with plasmapheresis and I.V. CYC, life-threatening bacterial and viral infections and mortality occur more frequently than among patients with similarly active SLE treated with I.V. CYC alone.
authors.affiliation: Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aringer
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Graninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide