title: New method to measure the retention of viscoelastic agents on a rabbit corneal endothelial cell line after irrigation and aspiration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the surface retention of several ophthalmic viscoelastic agents following irrigation and aspiration (I/A) using a new in vitro method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rabbit corneal endothelial cell line was cultured to confluency in 24-well plates, and the cells were labeled quantitatively with internalized neutral red dye. Five ophthalmic viscoelastic agents were applied to cover the monolayer of cells: sodium hyaluronate (Healon, Provisc, and Amvisc Plus), Formulation A (a dispersive, nonproteinaceous, synthetic polymer), and sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate (Viscoat). Irrigation and aspiration (with fluid turbulence similar to that encountered in phacoemulsification surgery) were performed on each well for 3 minutes, using 120 mL of balanced salt solution with bicarbonate. dextrose, and glutathione (BSS Plus). The cells were treated with an acidified ethanol solution to extract the dye from the cells left without a viscoelastic cover. The extracted dye was measured by spectrophotometry and compared with the total dye recovered from control cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The retention value, which represented the percentage of cells with viscoelastic retained on the surface, was calculated as follows: Healon, 7; Provisc, 16; Amvisc Plus, 17; Formulation A, 55; Viscoat, 90. On a nonadsorptive, non-cell surface, the retention values of the five viscoelastics were significantly less than those on cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this experimental model suggest that cohesive viscoelastics are readily removed from the cells, while dispersive viscoelastics are highly retained. In addition, mutual surface interaction (electrical charge and other properties) plays a significant role in determining the retention of viscoelastics on the corneal endothelial cell surface following I/A.
authors.affiliation: Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas 76134-2099, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Poyer
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Arshinoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002807:Chondroitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004322:Drainage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D009499:Neutral Red / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D011108:Polymers; C501944:chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate drug combination; D009499:Neutral Red; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002807:Chondroitin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates