title: Occupational blood exposure and HIV infection among oral and maxillofacial surgeons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine occupational blood exposure and the seroprevalence of HIV infection among oral and maxillofacial surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred twenty-one oral and maxillofacial surgeons attending an annual meeting voluntarily and anonymously participated in an HIV serosurvey and completed a questionnaire assessing practice and demographic factors. Statistical tests included the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the chi-squared test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty percent of those who completed the survey reported one or more blood-skin contacts within the previous month. The mean number of percutaneous injuries within the previous year was 2.36 +/- 0.2. Wire was most commonly associated with percutaneous injuries. Oral maxillofacial surgeons who reported three or more percutaneous injuries performed more fracture reductions than oral and maxillofacial surgeons reporting no percutaneous injuries (p < 0.01). No participant was HIV-positive; the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval was 1.15%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the occupational risk for HIV infection in oral surgery is very low even though most oral and maxillofacial surgeons experienced blood contact. Associations of percutaneous injuries with fracture reductions and wire may assist in the development of new techniques and equipment to minimize blood exposures.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Gooch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siew
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gruninger
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Joy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012306:Risk; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires