title: Kidneys derived from mice transgenic for human complement blockers are protected in an in vivo model of hyperacute rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The major obstacle to successful discordant kidney xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection (HAR). Complement plays a key role in the induction of HRA, defined by endothelial cell activation, loss of vascular integrity, hemorrhage and thrombosis. The activation of complement is tightly controlled by a number of species-specific regulatory proteins which inhibit, at different points, the cascade of events leading to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). We have tested the hypothesis that kidneys derived from transgenic mice expressing two human complement inhibitors, Decay Accelerating Factor (hDAF) and Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP), could be protected from human complement-mediated damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control and transgenic mice were perfused with human plasma by cannulation of the right jugular vein, at a perfusion rate of 10 microL./min. for two hours. Complement C3 deposition was detected on kidney sections by immunohistochemistry using specific FITC antibody. Complement-induced tissue damage was evaluated by histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heavy deposition of complement C3 was observed on kidneys derived from perfused control mice. This was associated with a characteristic HAR pathology of severe interstitial hemorrhage, inflammatory reaction, loss of glomerula and tubuli structure. Kidneys derived from mice transgenic for hDAF or hMCP were partially protected from both complement C3 deposition and tissue damage. The expression of both hDAF and hMCP in double transgenic mice significantly increases the protection from human complement-mediated damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel model of in vivo perfusion with human plasma has been adopted to recreate the initial event of HAR. Our data show that this murine model could be very valuable to determine the effect of transgenic human molecules in protecting vascularized organs from human complement attack.
authors.affiliation: Chiron-Biocine Research Center, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marsicano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marinucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boschi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruzzone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alfani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortesini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C497857:CD46 protein, human; D018958:CD55 Antigens; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; C497859:Mcp protein, mouse; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins