title: Dorsal striatal size, shape, and metabolic rate in never-medicated and previously medicated schizophrenics performing a verbal learning task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography were used to study the size and metabolic rate of the caudate and the putamen in 18 patients with schizophrenia (n=16) or schizo-affective disorder (n=2) and 24 age- and sex-matched control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were either never medicated (n=7) or drug free (n=11) for a median of 3 weeks. During uptake of fludeoxyglucose F 18, all patients performed a serial verbal learning test. Positron emission tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans were coregistered, and the caudate and the putamen were traced on the magnetic resonance image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The striatum had a significantly lower relative metabolic rate in schizophrenics than in controls. Never-medicated patients had lower metabolic rates in the right putamen (ventral part of the dorsal striatum) than previously medicated patients. The caudate was significantly smaller in never-medicated patients than in controls and largest in previously medicated patients. Patients with higher relative metabolic rates in the putamen scored higher on the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are consistent with reports of striatal enlargement in previously medicated patients and size increases after neuroleptic treatment. Never-medicated patients, in contrast, had ventral striatal structures that were smaller and less active than those observed in controls and previously medicated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shihabuddin
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haznedar
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Schnur
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiegel-Cohen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machac
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knesaurek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallabhajosula
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Biren
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ciaravolo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luu-Hsia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011699:Putamen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014706:Verbal Learning
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose