title: Analysis of clinical bioethics teaching in pediatric surgery residency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although clinical bioethics teaching (CBT) is not a required component of the essential curriculum for pediatric surgery residency, ethical considerations often accompany surgical decision making for infants and children. This study was designed to quantitate CBT during pediatric surgery residency (PSR) and to determine preferences about formal bioethics instruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 80-item questionnaire was mailed to 140 graduates of accredited PSR in the United States and Canada. Questions included demographic data, experience in CBT during and after PSR, preferred topics and teaching methods, and self-assessed and objective competency in bioethics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 78% (n = 109); 72% completed PSR between 1990 and 1995 (mean, 1991). Formal CBT within the curriculum of PSR was reported by 9% of respondents; lecture and consultation with an ethicist were the most frequent teaching methods. Informal CBT was noted by 88% of pediatric surgeons; observation of patient cases with ethical dilemmas was the primary mode of instruction. Quality of life, withholding/withdrawal of care, informed consent, child abuse, and economics ranked highest for most important CBT topics, while euthanasia, clinical research trials, and cultural diversity were given low priority. The preferred teaching methods were case-based discussions and consultation with an ethicist. Although 97% favored additional CBT in all postgraduate training, respondents who completed advanced study in medical ethics (P < .05), were women (P < .05), or were members of a hospital ethics committee (P < .05) were more likely to advocate a standardized bioethics curriculum during PSR. A majority (86%) expressed competency in handling ethical problems in clinical practice, however, 47% gave incorrect responses or were unsure about routine bioethics questions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Formal instruction in clinical bioethics is not included in the curriculum of most residencies in pediatric surgery. Recent graduates of PSR favor case-based and practice-oriented teaching in clinical bioethics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, and Children's Hospital, Columbus 43205, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Caniano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001675:Bioethics; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D003479:Curriculum; D004992:Ethics, Medical / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States