Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity.
Oxyradicals attack double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes in a process called membrane lipid peroxidation (MLP).This process occurs in many different acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions, and to a lesser extent during normal physiological activity in neuronal circuits. It can modify neurotransmitter release and uptake, ion-channel activity, the function of ion-motive ATPases and glucose transporters,and the coupling of cell-surface receptors to GTP-binding proteins. MLP can also impair mitochondrial function and promote a cascade of events that culminates in apoptotic cell death. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal might play a central role in MLP-induced alterations in plasma membrane and mitochondrial protein functions. The modification of processes such as outgrowth of neurites and long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission by agents that suppress or promote MLP suggests roles for subtoxic levels of MLP in neuronal plasticity.
Mattson
M P
MP
Sanders-Brown Research Center on Aging and the Dept of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, USA.
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*