title: Prevalence of osteomyelitis in non-healing diabetic foot ulcers: usefulness of radiologic and scintigraphic findings.
abstract: The study was conducted in order to assess the prevalence of osteomyelitis and the predictive value of radiographic (xR) and combined Tc 99-bone and leukocyte scanning (CS) findings in diabetic foot ulcers that met criteria for hospital admission (FUH). Out of 150 episodes of ulceration managed in an outpatient basis, 33 (in 28 NIDDM patients) requiring admission were evaluated. In all cases plain xR and CS were carried out. Seventeen episodes (51.5%) had a good outcome (healed or improving, at the time of the last follow up). Osteomyelitis was found in 21 episodes and 14 (66.6%) of them required an amputation. In 13 cases where xR showed characteristic radiologic changes of osteomyelitis (11 of them had a positive CS) 11 (84.6%) underwent an amputation. However, when osteomyelitis was diagnosed only by a positive CS, only 3/8 (37.5%) required a toe amputation. Severe peripheral vasculopathy was present in 44% of cases who required amputation and only in 17.6% of those who did not. We conclude that in FU underlying osteomyelitis is frequent and associated to a higher amputation rate than when no bone infection is identified (66.6 vs 17%), even when corrected for vascular status (OR 11, CI 95% 1.65-74.2), with a worse outcome when xR changes are already present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Mútua, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balsells
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viadé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Pascual
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: del Pozo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anglada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000792:Angiography; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; D014034:Toes / Q000601:surgery; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate