title: Immune responses to V antigen of Yersinia pestis co-encapsulated with IFN-gamma: effect of dose and formulation.
abstract: Induction of systemic immune responses after intraperitoneal inoculation of poly(L)lactide microspheres containing the V antigen of Yersinia pestis co-encapsulated with IFN-gamma were investigated. Serum antibody responses and T cell proliferative responses were measured in groups of Balb/c mice which were injected intraperitoneally with single or double emulsion preparations of either V/IFN-gamma or V alone in a range of dose levels. Groups which received V antigen co-encapsulated with IFN-gamma produced higher V-specific antibody responses, predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Administration of 25 micrograms V/IFN-gamma in a single emulsion resulted in a significantly increased (p < 0.05) splenic T cell proliferative response to V antigen compared with other formulations. It was concluded that IFN-gamma co-encapsulated with V antigen in poly(L)lactide microspheres acted as an adjuvant and increased antigen specific systemic immune responses. Therefore, co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma may result in effective single dose vaccines by increasing the immunogenicity of the formulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Alpar
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007371:Interferon-gamma