title: Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage.
abstract: Chondrocytes exposed to nitric oxide (NO) or antibody to Fas undergo cell death by apoptosis. This study examines structural and functional properties of chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies. In NO treated cartilage, the dense pericellular matrix that normally surrounds the cells is degraded and apoptotic bodies accumulate within and in the vicinity of the chondrocyte lacunae. Functional analysis shows that apoptotic bodies isolated from NO-treated chondrocytes or cartilage produce pyrophosphate. The levels of pyrophosphate produced by apoptotic bodies are increased by pretreatment of the chondrocytes with transforming growth factor beta and decreased by interleukin 1. Apoptotic bodies contain alkaline phosphatase and NTP pyrophosphohydrolase activities and can precipitate calcium. These results suggest that chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies express functional properties that may contribute to the pathologic cartilage calcification observed in aging and osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Arthritis Research, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ochs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solan
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Seegmiller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terkeltaub
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019014:fas Receptor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C065962:ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C021895:nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase; D002118:Calcium