title: The relationship between chronic cocaine or alcohol use and blood pressure in black men during uncomplicated tooth extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The object of this study was to determine whether a history of cocaine or alcohol use is associated with blood pressure changes in patients undergoing an uncomplicated mandibular molar extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood pressure (BP) values of middle-aged (30 to 40 years of age) black men with different chronic drug histories were compared during extraction procedures. The four different groups were 1) no-drug control, (n = 10); 2) alcohol (n = 15); 3) "crack" cocaine (n = 9); and 4) cocaine (n = 22).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cocaine group's blood pressures were significantly different compared with the blood pressures within the no-drug and alcohol groups (P < .05). The cocaine group's BPs decreased throughout the procedure, and the BPs of the no-drug and alcohol groups rose during administration of the local anesthetic and extraction, and then fell. The BPs of the crack group were highly variable and not significantly different when compared with other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a paradoxical effect of chronic cocaine use on blood pressure that needs to be considered when treating such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Dental Branch, 77030-0068, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Faught
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003042:Cocaine