title: Hemorrhagic ocular complications associated with the use of systemic thrombolytic agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to report three patients with hemorrhagic ocular and orbital complications associated with the use of systemic thrombolytic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a retrospective small case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three eyes of three patients were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical procedures to reduce intraocular pressure or relieve optic nerve compression were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients received an intravenous thrombolytic agent on diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction. One patient had a spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage develop with secondary acute angle closure glaucoma shortly after receiving tissue plasminogen activator. Another patient had an orbital hemorrhage develop on receiving tissue plasminogen activator 4 days after an uncomplicated cataract extraction. The third patient experienced an orbital hemorrhage while receiving streptokinase 1 day after undergoing an external levator resection. Two patients suffered significant visual loss due to glaucoma or compressive optic neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The onset of eye pain or visual loss after the administration of a systemic thrombolytic agent should alert the physician to the possibility of an ocular or adnexal hemorrhage. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can improve the likelihood of a favorable visual outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chorich
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Derick
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Quartetti
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002832:Choroid Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019315:Retrobulbar Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013300:Streptokinase; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator