title: The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) Ser9Gly polymorphism and schizophrenia: a haplotype relative risk study and association with clozapine response.
abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The D3 receptor gene (DRD3) contains a polymorphism resulting in a serine-glycine substitution in the N-terminus of the receptor. Shaikh and colleagues have reported a significant association between the DRD3 Ser9 allele and the Ser9/Ser9 genotype with schizophrenia in 133 Caucasians. In a meta-analysis of previous studies, Ser9 and the Ser9/Ser9 genotype were found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia, although these investigators could not confirm reports of excess homozygosity at this locus in schizophrenia. These authors also report that, in an unblinded study, the Ser9/Ser9 genotype was more frequent in patients who did not respond to clozapine. These data represent the most comprehensive examination of DRD3 Ser9Gly in schizophrenia to date. We have therefore determined DRD3 Ser9Gly genotypes in 58 patients with schizophrenia and in their parents. Moreover, we have genotyped 68 schizophrenics participating in double-blind clozapine trials. We do not find that Ser9 is preferentially transmitted in schizophrenia, cannot confirm excess DRD3 homozygosity in schizophrenia, and do not replicate the association between DRD3 and clozapine response. These data suggest that allelic variation in DRD3 may not play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or in clozapine response.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kosmidis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pickar
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005838:Genotype; D005998:Glycine; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009679:Nuclear Family; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D012306:Risk; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012694:Serine
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C493593:DRD3 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D012694:Serine; D003024:Clozapine; D005998:Glycine