title: Coagulation factor IX residues G4-Q11 mediate its interaction with a shared factor IX/IXa binding site on activated platelets but not the assembly of the functional factor X activating complex.
abstract: High-affinity, specific factor IX/IXa binding to platelets is mediated at least in part by amino acids (G4-Q11) exposed on the surface of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain. Rationally designed, conformationally constrained synthetic peptides were screened for their capacity to inhibit factor IXa binding to platelets. Each of these peptides (G4-Q11, S3-L6, and F9-Q11) acted alone to inhibit factor IXa binding to approximately 50% of the 500-600 sites/platelet with Ki values of 2.9 nM (G4-Q11), 24 nM (S3-L6), and 240 nM (F9-Q11), compared with native factor IXa (Ki approximately 2.5 nM). The two peptides S3-L6 and F9-Q11 added together at equimolar concentration demonstrated approximately 50-fold synergism (Ki = 2.4 nM). Although both factor IX and the Gla peptide (G4-Q11) displaced 100% of bound factor IX and approximately 50% of bound factor IXa, factor IX was ineffective (at > 1000-fold molar excess) and the Gla domain peptide (G4-Q11) was relatively ineffective (Ki = 165 microM) in inhibiting platelet receptor-mediated factor X activation by factor IXa. We conclude that the Gla domain (G4-Q11) of factor IXa contains two conformationally constrained loop structures that mediate binding of factor IX/IXa to a shared site on activated human platelets which is separate and distinct from the site used by the enzyme, factor IXa, for assembly of the factor X activating complex.
authors.affiliation: Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rawala
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jameson
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D015055:1-Carboxyglutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002417:Cattle; D005164:Factor IX / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015949:Factor IXa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015944:Factor VIIIa / Q000378:metabolism; D005170:Factor X / Q000378:metabolism*; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine; D005998:Glycine; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D015539:Platelet Activation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D005973:Glutamine; D015055:1-Carboxyglutamic Acid; D015944:Factor VIIIa; D005164:Factor IX; D005170:Factor X; D015949:Factor IXa; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D005998:Glycine