title: Structure and promoter analysis of Math3 gene, a mouse homolog of Drosophila proneural gene atonal. Neural-specific expression by dual promoter elements.
abstract: ath3, a vertebrate basic helix-loop-helix gene homologous to Drosophila proneural gene atonal, can directly convert non-neural cells into neurons with the anterior features. In the mouse, ath3 expression initially occurs widely in the developing nervous system and then gradually becomes restricted to the neural retina. Here, we characterized the genomic organization and promoter activity of mouse ath3 (Math3). Math3 gene consists of two exons separated by an 8-kilobase intron, and the whole protein-coding region is located in the second exon. Transcription starts at two sites, which are 75 nucleotides apart from each other, and there is no typical TATA box in the upstream region of either start site. Transient transfection analysis showed that the 5'-region of Math3 can direct efficient expression in neuroblastoma cells but not in glioma or fibroblast cells. Deletion studies revealed that the proximal 193-base pair region, which contains the downstream transcription initiation site but not the upstream site, is essential for the Math3 promoter activity and can direct efficient expression in neuroblastoma cells. In contrast, retrovirus-mediated promoter analysis demonstrated that a region further upstream is additionally necessary for retinal expression. These results indicate that Math3 promoter contains two essential regulatory regions, the proximal 193-base pair region, which confers efficient neural-specific expression, and a region further upstream, required for retinal expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kageyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C500943:Atoh1 protein, mouse; C104516:Neurod4 protein, mouse