title: Susceptibility of broiler chickens to hemorrhages in muscles: the effect of stock and rearing temperature regimen.
abstract: In this study, the effect of genetic constitution (stock) and rearing temperature on the occurrence of hemorrhages in thighs and breasts of water bath stunned broilers was investigated. Particular attention was given to the relation between the susceptibility for hemorrhages, body composition, and adaptations in blood variables induced by low rearing temperatures. A factorial experiment was performed with five parental stocks, differing with respect to growth rate, feed conversion, and body composition, and two temperature regimens (thermoneutral and below the zone of thermoneutrality). Hemorrhage scores in thighs were dependent on rearing temperature, not on stock, and were highest in broilers reared at low temperatures. In all stocks, high scores in the thighs were accompanied by an increased carbon dioxide pressure and bicarbonate and triiodothyronine concentration of the venous blood, and by an increased relative heart weight, hematocrit, and blood loss at slaughter. Hemorrhage scores in breasts were dependent on stock, confounded with day of scoring. An effect of rearing temperature was present only for the leanest, slow-growing stock having the lowest feed conversion ratio at thermoneutral rearing conditions. Scores in breasts were related neither to body composition nor to metabolic and hemodynamic adaptations to low rearing temperatures. It is concluded that high hemorrhage scores in thighs are related to hemodynamic and metabolic adaptations to an increased need for energy and oxygen caused by low rearing temperatures. Hemorrhage scores are not related to stock-dependent differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. R.W.KRANEN@ID-DLO.NL
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kranen
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Scheele
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Veerkamp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lambooy
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van Kuppevelt
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Veerkamp
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009929:Organ Size; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen