title: Avulsion injury of cervical nerve roots: enhanced intradural nerve roots at MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of intradural nerve roots in avulsion injury of the cervical nerve roots.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presurgical gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging was performed in 27 consecutive patients. The images were evaluated for enhancement of the intradural nerve roots and enhancement of the spinal cord surface at the root entry zone ("root stump" enhancement) by two radiologists, who were blinded to the clinical information. Intradural nerve roots were classified as enhanced, normal, or not visible. Root stumps were classified as enhanced or normal. The results were compared with the results of nerve root continuity studies (exploratory surgery with intraoperative recording of somatosensory evoked potentials or neurologic examination).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 250 nerve levels (500 nerve roots) studied, 12 enhanced nerve roots and 42 enhanced root stumps were found. Seven enhanced nerve roots and 38 enhanced root stumps were related to preganglionic injury. Results of the kappa test for interobserver concordance on findings of intradural nerve roots and root stumps were 0.55 and 0.93, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although visualization of nerve roots is a problem, enhanced MR imaging is a noninvasive means of obtaining anatomic information and unique physiologic information on injured intradural nerve roots.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokyo University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shirouzu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D015588:Observer Variation; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA