title: Insulin and related factors in premenopausal breast cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are important mitogens in vitro and in vivo. It has been hypothesized that these factors may play an important role in the development of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study comparing plasma insulin levels in 99 premenopausal women with newly diagnosed node-negative invasive carcinoma of the breast and 99 age-matched controls with incident biopsied non-proliferative breast disease (NP) was conducted. Women with known diabetes were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the entire study group, mean age was 42.6 +/- 5.1 years and mean weight was 62.9 +/- 10.3 kg. After adjustment for age and weight, elevated insulin levels were significantly associated with breast cancer, Odds Ratio (OR) for women in the highest insulin quintile versus the lowest quintile = 2.83 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.22-6.58). There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls for IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels. However, after adjustment for age, the association between plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and breast cancer approached statistical significance; OR for highest quintile versus lowest quintile of IGFBP-3 being 2.05 (95% CI, 0.93-4.53). All results were independent of diet and other known risk factors for breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating insulin levels and possibly IGFBP-3 levels are elevated in women with premenopausal breast cancer. This association may reflect an underlying syndrome of insulin resistance that is independent of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology of the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Del Giudice
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fantus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezzat
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McKeown-Eyssen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I