title: MR-guided interstitial cryotherapy of the liver with a novel, nitrogen-cooled cryoprobe.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to test a newly developed, MR-compatible, liquid nitrogen-cooled cryoprobe. The probe has an outer diameter of 3.5 mm and was specifically developed for percutaneous, MR-guided, interstitial cryotherapy. The probe was inserted percutaneously into the livers of 10 rabbits. The cryotherapy procedure was monitored with a surface coil in a 1.5 Tesla magnet using a gradient echo sequence. Follow-up examinations were performed 3 and 7 days after the freezing procedure using T1- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences. At 7 days the animals were sacrificed and the cryolesions were examined histologically. The cryoprobe enabled artifact-free MR imaging of the "iceball" formation during freezing of the rabbit liver. After 1 min of freezing, the iceball at the tip of the probe showed an average maximum diameter of 10.8 mm. No bleeding complications were observed during or after the freezing procedure. Histologic examination 7 days after cryotherapy confirmed that the liver lesions were the same size as had been predicted by the images of the acute iceball. This new, percutaneously inserted, MR-compatible, liquid-nitrogen cooled cryoprobe allows accurate, artifact-free MR imaging of interstitial cryotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tacke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Speetzen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brucksch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bücker
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heshel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prescher
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Vaals
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Günther
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D001896:Boron Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D005898:Glass; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009336:Necrosis; D009584:Nitrogen; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D011817:Rabbits; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D017640:Silicates; D013499:Surface Properties; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D017640:Silicates; D009584:Nitrogen