title: HDL cholesterol: trends in two southeastern New England communities, 1981-1993.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although public health interventions have not specifically targeted high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, observed changes in the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors would be expected to have differential effects on HDL. This study examined secular trends in HDL in relation to changes in other cardiovascular risk factors for the years 1981 through 1993 in the Pawtucket Heart Health Program (PHHP) study communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonfasting HDL levels were assessed in 12,223 respondents to six biennial population random sample surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1981 and 1993, mean HDL cholesterol declined by 0.08 mmol/L in both men and women after adjustment for age, city, education, hormone use, medications, recent alcohol use, smoking, regular exercise, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol, (p for trend < 0.001). There was no apparent laboratory explanation for the trend which occurred concurrent with decreased smoking prevalence, increasing BMI and decreased prevalence of recent alcohol use. Decreasing HDL cholesterol was observed consistently across subgroups defined by smoking, alcohol use and BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although several favorable cardiovascular risk factor trends have been observed in recent decades, declining HDL cholesterol is also of interest, particularly in conjunction with population increases in BMI.
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket 02860, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Derby
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bausserman
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gans
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Carleton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012237:Rhode Island / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL