title: The effect of pH on chemiluminescence of different probes exposed to superoxide and singlet oxygen generators.
abstract: The compromised optima for high intensity chemiluminescence (CL), using superoxide generators, were all above pH 9.0 for the CL probes luminol and lucigenin. With luminol the optima were at pH 9.0 and 9.4 for the generators KO2 and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO), respectively. Lucigenin, with the same generators, produced optima at pH 9.5 and 10.0, respectively. The probe methyl-Cypridina-luciferin analogue (MCLA) produced optima closer to neutral pH, which is preferred for physiological assessments. MCLA had optima at pH 6.0, 8.7 and 9.5 with KO2 and with HX/XO optima at pH 4.8, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.7. When CL was assessed at physiological pH, MCLA observed superoxide radicals with a sensitivity of 100- and 330-fold more than luminol or luicigenin respectively. For singlet oxygen, the sensitivity of MCLA at this pH was 45- and 5465-fold more than for the said probes respectively. H2O2 did not elicit CL between pH 4 and 9.5 with any of the probes and did not influence the production of superoxide or singlet oxygen when co-assessed. Therefore CL could only be obtained when enzymes were used as converters. The optima for the enzyme-conversion system horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2, and luminol, were at pH 8.0 and 9.2. Lucigenin and HRP/H2O2 also had a biphasic CL profile with optima at pH 7.4 and 9.6. MCLA and HRP/H2O2 had five optima, with the major ones at pH 6.1 and beyond 10. The optima for the myeloperoxidase/H2O system were at 8.6 and beyond 10.0 when luminol and 0.15 mol/L NaBr were used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Oosthuizen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Engelbrecht
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greyling
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol; D010100:Oxygen; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D011719:Pyrazines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007093:Imidazoles; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011719:Pyrazines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; C063412:2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-alpha)pyrazin-3-one; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D019820:Xanthine; D008165:Luminol; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D009195:Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D010100:Oxygen