title: Outer gloves in orthopaedic procedures: a polyester/stainless steel wire weave glove liner compared with latex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of traditional double latex gloving with that of a highly cut-resistant polyester/stainless steel wire weave glove (PSSWWG) over a single latex inner glove for the prevention of perforation of the inner latex glove.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary surgeon and first assistant were involved in a prospective randomized study. Group I consisted of twenty-five procedures in which double latex gloves were used. Group II consisted of twenty-five procedures in which a PSSWWG liner was worn over an inner latex glove. All inner gloves were tested for perforations; all gloves exchanged that were presumed to have a perforation were noted and also tested. The type and length of the procedure were recorded. The dominant hand was recorded for all participants, along with their comments on the PSSWWG liner's performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery. New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major operative cases, November 1996 to February 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner latex glove perforations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of PSSWWG liners, the percentage of inner gloves found with a perforation dropped from 19 percent in the double latex group to 15 percent in the PSSWWG liner group (not statistically significant, p = 0.4). Two thirds of the perforations were in the primary surgeon's gloves, located in either the index finger or thumb. Nearly 80 percent of all perforations went unrecognized in both groups. Ninety-five percent of all perforations were in gloves that had been in use for more than 120 minutes (statistically significant, p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The particular cut-resistant glove studied (Sceptor) did not significantly reduce the rate of inner glove perforations. Other studies with different cut-resistant glove types and protocols have proven the liners effective. We would still recommend using outer cloth or cut-resistant type gloves when bone fragments are being manipulated or when using sharp implants or saws. At a minimum, surgical gloves should be changed every two hours.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Good Samaritan Hospital, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gruen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Helfet
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007840:Latex; D008422:Materials Testing; D009985:Orthopedics; D011091:Polyesters; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013193:Stainless Steel
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D011091:Polyesters; D013193:Stainless Steel