title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis specimen contamination revisited: the role of laboratory environmental control in a pseudo-outbreak.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate suspected pseudo-outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during August 1994 and July 1995 among patients who did not have clinical findings consistent with tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective and prospective surveys of all clinical and laboratory data using standard epidemiological tools and DNA fingerprinting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-affiliated community hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Those with positive MTB cultures during periods when we noted that the number of MTB positive cultures greatly outnumbered the usual monthly average (retrospective analysis, 1994) and patients with positive MTB cultures without clinical findings consistent with tuberculosis (prospective survey, 1995).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiological and molecular studies revealed specimen cross-contamination in the laboratory due to a faulty exhaust hood. Improvement in laboratory ventilation and change of the implicated hood prevented further specimen contamination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of positive MTB cultures from patients without clinical evidence of tuberculosis should be a signal to suspect laboratory contamination and implement control measures. These should include a thorough epidemiological investigation, DNA fingerprint analysis, and an environmental inspection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens, Flushing 11355, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segal-Maurer
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kreiswirth
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rahal
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D009519:New York City; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000592:standards*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014691:Ventilation / Q000592:standards*