title: Posthatching myofiber development in the M. pectoralis of White Pekin Ducks.
abstract: A posthatching transformation of fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FTO) to fast-twitch glycolytic (FTG) fibers in the breast muscle in domestic chickens and turkeys is well documented. There is, however, no information on the situation in Anseriformes having a M. pectoralis with a mixed fiber composition in adults. Differences in the growth of the different fiber types were reported for some muscles in ducks as well as in other birds. They are examined in the main flight muscle using growth curve analysis, until now mostly applied to the analysis of overall growth.
  
  
  
  Biopsies were taken longitudinally from the M. pectoralis, Pars thoracica, of 40 White Pekin Ducks at 11 different ages from hatching through day 146. The samples were processed for a combination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase and myosin adenosine triphosphatase after acid preincubation at pH 4.1. Mean fiber diameter was determined for the different fiber types in relation to age. The Janoschek growth curve was fitted to these values.
  
  
  
  FTG fibers were first detected at 20 days of age. Thereafter, the fiber composition hardly changed. When distinguishable by enzyme histochemistry, FTG fibers were already larger in diameter than FTO. There were only gradual differences in the growth pattern. FTG fibers, however, showed much higher absolute, percentage, and relative growth rates. The radial growth of myofibers is slow when compared to other one-dimensional measurements.
  
  
  
  Fiber transformation seems to take place within a short age period. However, further studies are necessary to discriminate effects resulting from sample depth. FTG fibers are presumably recruited from those FTO fibers that show higher growth rates. Growth curve analysis, more frequently used in gross morphological studies, provides an analytical tool for evaluating growth processes of cells and tissues as well. Fiber size differences are mainly due to a higher growth rate in FTG fibers, whereas the growth patterns show only minor differences.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany. gille@ita.unibe.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gille
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kattein
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004372:Ducks / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D006019:Glycolysis; D024510:Muscle Development; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases