title: Urinalysis of body packers in Japan.
abstract: Urinalysis was performed on nine body packers/smugglers who were referred to the emergency room of a hospital near the New Tokyo International Airport between September 1994 and February 1996. This analysis had rarely been used on suspected body packers in Japan. Only one of the nine body packers was a female. Foreign bodies were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of the body packers by plain x-ray photography or computerized tomography, and the suspected drugs were cocaine (five cases), heroin (two cases), opiate (one case), and marijuana (one case). The results of urinalysis and confessions of the smugglers corresponded well for the latter three drugs (four cases). In two of the suspicious cocaine cases, opiates were detected along with cocaine by urinalysis, and the metabolites were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The urinary screening tests of another two suspicious cocaine cases were negative. Opiates (morphine and codeine), but no cocaine metabolites, were detected in the urine of the subject who confessed to smuggling in cocaine only. It may be inferred from these results that urinalysis on body packers is beneficial to both the patient (body packer) and the physician in preventing the disastrous outcome of drug intoxication. It can also be concluded that there is a need for the prompt establishment of a protocol that includes urinalysis upon admission to the hospital for the management of body packers in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nihira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inuzuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000652:urine*; D002188:Cannabis; D003042:Cocaine / Q000652:urine*; D003418:Criminology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D017248:Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000652:urine*; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D003932:Heroin / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000652:urine*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014218:Triage
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin; D003042:Cocaine