title: Monocytes modulate enhancement of HIV-1 replication by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: To investigate the effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on HIV-1 replication, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated donors and non-BCG-vaccinated donors were infected in vitro with a lymphotropic isolate of HIV-1 and cultured in the presence of purified protein derivative (PPD). Addition of PPD resulted in enhanced HIV-1 replication and lymphoproliferation in BCG-vaccinated donor PBMC, while PPD had no such effects in control PBMC. HIV-1 replication increased even more when monocytes were removed from PBMC, while lymphoproliferation was decreased. High percentages of monocytes were associated with a decreased HIV-1 replication and proliferation that could not be reversed by addition of antibodies against the cytokines IL-1, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or indomethacin. PPD stimulates PBMC to release IL-10, a cytokine known to down-regulate proliferation and HIV-1 replication. PPD-induced effects on proliferation as well as HIV-1 replication could be partially blocked by adding a monoclonal antibody against MHC class II molecules, suggesting that part of the mechanism of PPD-induced enhancement is T memory cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman Winkler Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: De Haas
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Snippe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000821:virology*; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D014373:Tuberculin