title: Intubation difficulty in poisoned patients: association with initial Glasgow Coma Scale score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is predictive of intubation difficulty in out-of-hospital airway management of poisoned patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study was performed in a toxicological intensive care unit of a university hospital and in a physician-based out-of-hospital care system. Subjects included consecutive poisoned patients intubated during their airway management by out-of-hospital medical teams before hospitalization. The intubating operator (emergency physician or nurse anesthetist) completed a 1-page checklist concerning the clinical parameters and circumstances (nature of sedation and difficulty) of endotracheal intubation upon hospital arrival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forms were completed for all 394 consecutive out-of-hospital intubations. The patients ranged from 15 to 95 years of age (median age 38 years). Most (96%) of the intubations were via the oral route. Intubation difficulty was related to GCS values. Intubation difficulty was seen more often in patients with 7 < or = GCS < or = 9 (36%) than in patients with GCS < 7 (15%) or > 9 (10%). Not surprisingly, perceived intubation difficulty was least for those patients undergoing rapid-sequence intubation rather than administration of sedation alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximum difficulty of intubation is encountered in poisoned patients with 7 < or = GCS < or = 9. Intubation of such patients appears to be facilitated by appropriate sedation and/or neuromuscular blockade.
authors.affiliation: Réanimation Toxicologique-INSERM U-26, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Saint-Denis, Paris, France. fadnet@compuserve.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adnet
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Borron
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Finot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lapandry
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Baud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies