title: Analysis of heat shock proteins and cytokines expressed during early stages of osteoarthritis in a mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease of the joints. The joints of affected individuals are characterized by a progressive degeneration of articular cartilage leading to inflammation and pain. The expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is a ubiquitous self-protective mechanism of all cells under stress, furthermore, the synovium of osteoarthritic individuals contains high levels of cytokines. This study seeks to establish the role of HSPs and cytokines in OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have investigated the presence of HSPs and cytokines in articular cartilage during early stages of OA in a mouse that is known to develop spontaneous OA lesions (C57 black mouse). The articular cartilage from closely related mice (C57BL/6) was used as control. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for HSPs (HSP32, HSP47, HSP60, HSP70, HSP84 and HSP86) and cytokines [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA levels of HSP47, HSP70, HSP86, IL-6, and IFN-gamma were up-regulated in the cartilage of C57 black mice, whereas, the level of expression of HSP32, HSP60, HSP84 and IL-1 beta remained unchanged. Furthermore, the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA was associated with expression of HSP60, HSP47, HSP70 and HSP70/HSP86 mRNA, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in this study suggest that chondrocytes are conditioned under non-physiological stress during early stages of OA, In addition, among HSPs, HSP70 was associated with two different highly expressed cytokines in C57 black mice, indicating the possible role of HSP70 as a characteristic indicator of early stage of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goomer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amiel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger