title: Invasion of human cartilage by cultured multicellular spheroids of rheumatoid synovial cells--a novel in vitro model system for rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new 3-dimensional cell culture system was established to examine the invasion of rheumatoid synovial cells into cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial cells from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 15 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were co-cultured as multicellular spheroids with cartilage fragments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 weeks the rheumatoid spheroids eroded the cartilage. The destruction of cartilage was supported by a high expression level of cathepsin D and matrix metalloproteinases. In contrast, the OA tissue showed attachment to the cartilage only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that spheroid/cartilage co-cultures seem to be a suitable in vitro model for the study of destructive cellular mechanisms that occur in RA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Orthopedics, University of Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ermis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Remberger
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Jüsten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanselmann
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008954:Models, Biological; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002402:Cathepsin D; D017364:Collagenases; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1