title: Operation for infective endocarditis: results after implantation of mechanical valves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Operation for acute endocarditis during the active phase violates a basic surgical rule not to implant a foreign body into an infective process, resulting in a high operative mortality and the risk of early recurrent endocarditis. Several investigators analyzing risk factors for perioperative mortality and morbidity presented strategies for more favorable outcomes, but most studies suffer from the drawback of heterogeneous populations observed over a long period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a prospective study on 138 patients operated on from March 1988 to March 1996. Patients were only included if the activity of the infection was proved by positive culture of the valve leaflets or by histologic staining. During the observation period, indication for operation, surgical approach, and postoperative antibiotic therapy were standardized as much as possible. After radical debridement of all parts of infected tissue, valve replacement was carried out with mechanical prostheses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The early mortality was 11.5% overall. High New York Heart Association functional classification, advanced age, and staphylococcal disease were significant risk factors for early mortality. The site of infection, multiple valve involvement, and prosthetic valve endocarditis did not affect the outcome. Early recurrent endocarditis was recorded in only 3 patients of the entire series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In case of acute infective endocarditis, valve replacement with mechanical prostheses is a safe procedure, if radical operation and aggressive postoperative antibiotic therapy are performed. For further improvements of the results, earlier operation is advisable in patients with rapidly progressive cardiac deterioration and in most cases of staphylococcal endocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bauernschmitt
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vahl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000075202:Contraindications; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents