title: Sex differences in the association between childhood experiences and adult depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present paper, sex differences in the association between adult depression and childhood experiences were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study series of the Finnish UKKI Study consisted of a population sample of 501 men and 499 women. Information concerning childhood experiences was gathered retrospectively in a baseline survey carried out in 1969-72. After the initial phase, the mental health of the subjects was evaluated by interviews, questionnaires and register data at the 5-year follow-up (1974-6) and at the 16-year follow-up (1985-7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve per cent of men and 21% of women had suffered from depression during the 16-year follow-up period. A disturbed mother-child relationship and neurotic symptoms in childhood were associated with depression in women but not in men in the logistic model that included gender interaction. In separate analyses by gender several childhood factors showed statistically significant associations with depression in women but only a few in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding suggests that childhood experiences are more highly predisposing factors to depression in women than in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veijola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puukka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moring
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Väisänen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001722:Birth Order; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors