Additional validation of a scale to assess positive states of mind.
OBJECTIVE
Numerous studies have linked stress and negative states to adverse health outcomes. However, in addition to engendering negative states, stress may impair capacities to experience positive states. Such failure to experience positive states may represent a risk factor for poor health in and of itself. The research reported here examines a brief, easily repeated measure of positive states of mind (PSOM) including: focused attention, productivity, responsible caretaking, restful repose, sharing, sensuous nonsexual pleasure, and sensuous sexual pleasure.


METHODS
The PSOM Scale and measures of psychological distress, stress, and physical symptoms were administered in four independent samples: two samples of college students and two samples of pregnant women, one undergoing a potentially stressful medical procedure (amniocentesis). The relationship between PSOM scores and several conceptually related, but distinct, psychological variables was examined, controlling for the effect of social desirability where necessary.


RESULTS
The range of scores on the items of the PSOM indicated that impairments of ability to have the relevant experiences did occur in the subjects who were experiencing stress. The overall PSOM Scale score consistently showed an inverse relationship with anxiety and with indicators of stress. In addition, lower scores on the PSOM Scale were associated with more somatic symptomatology.


CONCLUSIONS
The results provide evidence that positive states of mind are linked to negative psychological states and are responsive to stressful events. The PSOM scale provides a useful, brief measure for research in stress and health.
Adler
N E
NE
University of California, San Francisco 94143-0844, USA.
Horowitz
M
M
Garcia
A
A
Moyer
A
A
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007989:Libido; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology