title: A multifaceted study of human papillomavirus and prostate carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prostate and its role in prostate carcinoma are in dispute. To address these issues, two laboratories with extensive HPV experience were selected to test specimens from two populations at different risk for prostate carcinoma, using three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and two serologic assays for HPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases were comprised of 51 African-American (men at high risk for prostate carcinoma) and 15 Italian (men at intermediate risk for prostate carcinoma) men with prostate carcinoma. Controls were 108 African-American men and 40 Italian men with histologically proven benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). Prostate tissue was obtained from each patient at surgery and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. The PCR primer sets included two (MY09/MY11 and GP5+/ GP6+) that amplify different regions of L1 and a third (WD66,67,154/WD72,76) targeted to E6. Sensitivity in the 2 L1 PCR assays was shown to be 1 HPV DNA genome per 100 cells. Serum antibodies to HPV-16 and HPV-11 virus-like particles (VLPs) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All available prostate carcinoma tissue specimens (n = 63) and BPH specimens from selected controls (n = 61) were tested by PCR. Human beta-globin DNA could be amplified from all specimens except three carcinomas, but no HPV DNA was detected in any case or control specimens by MY09/MY11 or E6 PCR. Microdissection of 27 carcinoma specimens was conducted to minimize nontumor DNA, but results remained negative by MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ PCR. In addition, serum specimens in cases (n = 63) and controls (n = 144) showed no differences in their responses against HPV-16 (P = 0.54) or HPV-11 VLPs (P = 0.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that HPV is not associated with prostate carcinoma, and that HPV DNA is not at all common in the prostate glands of older men.
authors.affiliation: Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Strickler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viscidi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goedert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000821:virology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral