title: Patterns of dysphoria in a Puerto Rican urban community.
abstract: This study was undertaken to explore the prevalence of perceived dysphoria in a poor, urban, predominantly Puerto Rican community. A cross-sectional sample of 704 adult respondents were asked a single validated question, with a five-item Likert scale response, about their level of perceived dysphoria. Chi-squared analysis and Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to assess the association of level of dysphoria with social characteristics, barriers to health care, health status, and substance use. Linear regression modeling was used to control for confounding variables. Twenty percent of the respondents were dysphoric. Respondents with no health insurance or no source of health care were least likely to be dysphoric. Persons who perceived distance to the hospital and the doctor, and understanding language of the doctor and office staff as barriers to care were more likely to be dysphoric. Ethnicity was not correlated with level of perceived dysphoria; however, age, gender, and health status were found to be associated with level of dysphoria after controlling for other correlated variables. These results indicate that the psychological needs of communities need to be understood and interventions that are appropriate for the population need to be devised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14215, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jaén
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tumiel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Deibel-Braun
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Zayas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pollock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015995:Prevalence; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D014505:Urban Population