title: In vivo synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy humans after live yellow fever vaccination.
abstract: Most knowledge about the synthesis of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and its regulation derives from in vitro studies. The hypothesis that the syndrome of malaise, myalgia, and low fever observed after a vaccination with live attenuated yellow fever virus could be associated with increased synthesis of TNF was investigated. Plasma samples of 15 healthy subjects taken before and until day 2 (until day 11 in 5 of these subjects) after yellow fever vaccination, showed a significant increase of plasma TNF concentration on day 2 after vaccination and a second peak on day 7. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentration was significantly elevated in all subjects on day 2 after vaccination. In a control group receiving non-live vaccinations, TNF and IL-1ra concentrations were unchanged. Thus, yellow fever vaccination represents a routine medical intervention that results in a reproducible increase in the plasma concentration of TNF and secondary cytokines. This may serve as a unique model for the study of the regulation of TNF synthesis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jelinek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eigler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Nothdurft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014611:Vaccination; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014765:Viral Vaccines