title: Umbilical artery waveform analysis based on maximum, mean and mode velocity in early human pregnancy.
abstract: The objective of this study was to identify the best method for reconstructing blood-flow velocities from the early human umbilical artery to determine the physiological changes in fetal blood-flow velocity and heart rate. Pulsed Doppler recordings from the umbilical artery with a duration of approximately 7 s were made at 10-20 weeks of gestation. For reconstruction of the blood-flow velocity from the Doppler audio signal, the maximum (envelope), mean and mode frequency reconstruction methods were used. For the assessment of variability in blood-flow velocity and heart rate in the umbilical artery, the maximum velocity reconstruction method is preferred because it is relatively insensitive to noise, nonuniform insonation, and wall filter settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ursem
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Struijk
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hop
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kempski
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wladimiroff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology