title: The Philadelphia chromosome as a secondary change in leukemia: three case reports and an overview of the literature.
abstract: Three cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) as a secondary abnormality are reported. The Ph was late-appearing in one patient and appeared as an additional anomaly in the other two patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of the first patient identified the presence of a minor BCR/ABL rearrangement. The findings of these cases support the conclusion that the Ph plays a role not only in leukemogenesis, but also in disease progression. An overview of the literature dealing with similar cases is also presented.
authors.affiliation: Genzyme Genetics, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Notohamiprodjo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meloni-Ehrig
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sandberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010677:Philadelphia Chromosome