title: Absence of expression of RhD by human trophoblast cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine whether the RhD gene is expressed in trophoblast at any stage of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trophoblast and fetal tissue were obtained from 18 pregnancies at 8 to 40 weeks' gestation. Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid were extracted from trophoblast. Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was synthesized from ribonucleic acid, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers specific for the RhD gene. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from fetal tissue to determine the fetal RhD status by means of polymerase chain reaction. Antigen expression was also sought by analytic cytometric analysis (flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry) using a monoclonal anti-D antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trophoblast was studied from various combinations of RhD-positive and RhD-negative fetuses (on deoxyribonucleic acid) from mothers to find no RhD gene expression in any sample. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed this by demonstrating no RhD antigen sites on trophoblast cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to a previous report, we conclude that the RhD gene is not expressed in human trophoblast in any trimester.
authors.affiliation: Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benachi
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Garritsen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fisk
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis*; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase