title: [Effect of zooxanthellatoxin-A, an unique marine product, on arachidonic acid cascade in rabbit platelets].
abstract: Zooxanthellatoxin-A (ZT-A), a bioactive substance isolated from a symbiotic marine alga Symbiodinium sp., caused rabbit platelet aggregation. ZT-A-induced aggregation was dependent on the presence of external Ca2+, and was inhibited by several Ca2+ channel antagonists except L-type one. Furthermore, ZT-A-induced aggregation was attenuated by genistein, indomethacin and SQ29548, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are involved in the aggregation. In fact, ZT-A released arachidonic acid and accumulated TXB2, a stable metabolite of TXA2, which was inhibited by genistein. ZT-A caused phosphorylation and activation of mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), which was known to activate cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). ZT-A caused the activation of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 2, resulting in an accumulation of diacylglycerol that activates protein kinase C (PKC). The MAPK activation was inhibited by genistein and staurousporine. ZT-A is not a Ca(2+)-lonophore, since its different responsibility from ionomycin to external Ca2+, indomethacin and 12-HETE, a platelet lipoxygenase product. These results suggest that ZT-A stimulates PKC a tyrosine kinase with influxed Ca2+, resulting in the activation PLC-gamma 2 that stimulates via diacylglycerol. Then, MAPK is activated by a PKC pathway, then cPLA2 is activated by MAPK. The released arachidonic acid is rapidly converted to TXA2 which causes platelet aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohizumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011090:Polyenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000097:blood; D011817:Rabbits; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D011090:Polyenes; C081400:zooxanthellatoxin A; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium