Delayed gastric emptying occurs following acarbose administration and is a further mechanism for its anti-hyperglycaemic effect.
The therapeutic effect of acarbose is generally attributed to inhibition of amylase and brush border glucosidases and consequent impaired digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. We have investigated the possibility that acarbose may also influence the rate of gastric emptying by comparing plasma glucose and gastrointestinal hormone responses to an oral sucrose load with and without acarbose in 11 healthy subjects. Gastric emptying was assessed indirectly by measuring circulating paracetamol concentrations following administration of paracetamol along with the sucrose load. Peak plasma glucose, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses were reduced when sucrose was given with acarbose. There was a significant reduction in post-sucrose paracetamol levels with acarbose suggestive of a significant delay in gastric emptying. The failure of acarbose to induce change in circulating paracetamol concentrations until after 60 min is indicative of a delay in gastric emptying rather than an osmotic malabsorption. The exaggerated and sustained release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide (GLP-1) seen when sucrose was given with acarbose may play a part in the inhibition of gastric emptying. This study indicates that a significant delay in gastric emptying may be an added mechanism contributing to the therapeutic effect of acarbose.
Ranganath
L
L
Epsom General Hospital, Surrey, UK.
Norris
F
F
Morgan
L
L
Wright
J
J
Marks
V
V
D020909:Acarbose; D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D001786:Blood Glucose; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014312:Trisaccharides; D000082:Acetaminophen; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D020909:Acarbose