title: Cost effectiveness of treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in clinical practice: a clinical database analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous evaluation of the cost effectiveness of antireflux medication used in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) have been based on results obtained in controlled clinical trials. Unfortunately such an approach does not necessarily identify the therapeutic option which provides the greatest benefit from available resources in real life situations. To make an informed choice requires a recognition that the costs and benefits of therapy in practice may differ from those identified in trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, based on a retrospective prescription database analysis, the cost effectiveness of alternative treatment options for patients with uncomplicated GORD. The analysis assesses health service resource use during the first six months of treatment in three groups of patients initially prescribed cisapride (CIS), ranitidine (RAN), or omeprazole (OME).
  
  
  METHODS
  The MediPlus UK database was used to identify all health care resources consumed by patients in the three treatment groups during their first six months of treatment. Patients with more complicated GORD, as indicated by initial referral to a specialist or outpatient hospital visit (< 13%), were excluded from the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average cost per patient for the initial six months of treatment for CIS, RAN, and OME based therapies was 136 Pounds, 177 Pounds, 189 Pounds per patient, respectively. A major element underlying this cost variation was the acquisition cost and quantity of antireflux medication required by patients. The average number of one month equivalent prescriptions consumed during this six month period was 1.85 (CIS), 2.57 (RAN), and 2.96 (OME) with associated costs of 49 Pounds (CIS), 67 Pounds (RAN), and 105 Pounds (OME). Antacid and alginate/antacid use was higher in the CIS and RAN groups (about 1.0 antacid prescription per patient versus 0.4 for OME), but their contribution to the total cost per patient was less than 2%. The number of general practitioner consultations over the six month period for each treatment group was 2.4 (CIS), 2.9 (RAN), and 2.6 (OME) with associated costs of 60.31 Pounds (CIS), 73.06 Pounds (RAN), and 65.52 Pounds (OME). The average number of non-drug interventions (referrals, outpatient visits, endoscopies, barium meals, or x rays) was 0.34 in the RAN group compared with less than 0.2 in the CIS and OME groups. The costs associated with such interventions were 23.80 Pounds (RAN), 9.60 Pounds (CIS), and 11.10 Pounds (OME) per patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that the "step up" approach, starting with a prokinetic or H2 receptor antagonist, represents the most cost effective initial therapeutic strategy for a primary care physician to adopt when faced with a patient with first diagnosis of uncomplicated GORD.
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggleston
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wigerinck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huijghebaert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haycox
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020117:Cisapride; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005194:Family Practice; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D011899:Ranitidine; D009853:Omeprazole; D020117:Cisapride