title: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and asymmetric growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible associations between persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate, need for extra-corporeal membranous oxygenation, small for gestational age (SGA), and low ponderal index for gestational age in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and in matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate delivered from 1991 to 1994 at our hospital were matched with 430 contemporaneous control singleton neonates. Birth weight and ponderal indices (100 x weight/length3) less than the tenth percentile for gestational age and gender were defined as SGA and low ponderal index, respectively. We assessed associations between these markers, the presence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate, and the need for extracorporeal membranous oxygenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low ponderal index was associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (odds ratio [OR] 5.4), whereas SGA was not. Low ponderal index (OR 4.0) was an independent correlate of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate after adjustment with logistic regression for 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7, umbilical arterial pH less than 7.10, and presence of meconium. Low ponderal index was associated with need for extracorporeal membranous oxygenation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal developmental events may significantly affect neonatal pulmonary status. Diminished neonatal nutritional status, as measured by low ponderal index for gestational age, is associated with increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and severity of the disease process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA. mwilliam@com1.med.usf.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wyble
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schwenke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casanova
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy