title: XCoe2, a transcription factor of the Col/Olf-1/EBF family involved in the specification of primary neurons in Xenopus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary neurogenesis in Xenopus is a model for studying the control of neural cell fate decisions. The specification of primary neurons appears to be driven by transcription factors containing a basic region and a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif: expression of Xenopus neurogenin-related-1 (X-ngnr-1) defines the three prospective domains of primary neurogenesis, and expression of XNeuroD coincides with neuronal differentiation. The transition between neuronal competence and stable commitment to a neuronal fate remains poorly characterised, however.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drosophila Collier and rodent early B-cell factor/olfactory-1 define a family of HLH transcription factors containing a previously unknown type of DNA-binding domain. We isolated an orthologous gene from Xenopus, Xcoe2, which is expressed in precursors of primary neurons. Xcoe2 is transcribed after X-ngnr-1 and before XNeuroD. Overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of XCoe2 prevented neuronal differentiation. Conversely, overexpressed wild-type Xcoe2 could promote ectopic differentiation of neurons, in both the neural plate and the epidermis. In contrast to studies with X-ngnr-1 or XNeuroD, the supernumerary neurons induced by Xcoe2 appeared in a 'salt-and-pepper' pattern, resulting from the activation of X-Delta1 expression and feedback regulation by lateral inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XCoe2 may play a pivotal role in the transcriptional cascade that specifies primary neurons in Xenopus embryos: by maintaining Delta-Notch signalling, XCoe2 stabilises the higher neural potential of selected progenitor cells that express X-ngnr-1, ensuring the transition between neural competence and irreversible commitment to a neural fate; and it promotes neuronal differentiation by activating XNeuroD expression, directly or indirectly.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bally-Cuif
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crozatier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paquereau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014404:Tubulin; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C489921:Ebf1 protein, mouse; C489924:ebf2 protein, Xenopus; C093564:Neurogenic differentiation factor 1