title: Unlicensed and off label drug use in paediatric wards: prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of use in children in hospital of drugs that are not specifically licensed for use in children (unlicensed) and of drugs that are used outside the terms of their product licence that apply to indication, age, dose, or route of administration (off label).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of drugs administered on paediatric medical and surgical wards for 13 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric inpatients in medical and surgical wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of the use of each drug with its product licence to determine whether the drug was used in an unlicensed or off label manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2013 courses of drugs were administered to 609 paediatric patients in 707 admissions. 506 (25%) of the drug courses (prescriptions) were either unlicensed (139) or off label (367) uses. In 256 (36%) of the 707 admissions patients received one or more courses of an unlicensed or off label treatment in hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of drugs in an off label or unlicensed manner to treat children is widespread. Drugs are more likely to be used in an off label manner than in an unlicensed manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longworth
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choonara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care / Q000592:standards*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017277:Drug Approval; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000592:standards*; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008004:Licensure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom