title: Overexpression of the nucleoporin CAN/NUP214 induces growth arrest, nucleocytoplasmic transport defects, and apoptosis.
abstract: The human CAN gene was first identified as a target of t(6;9)(p23;q34), associated with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, which results in the expression of a DEK-CAN fusion gene. CAN, also called NUP214, is a nuclear pore complex (NPC) protein that contains multiple FG-peptide sequence motifs. It interacts at the NPC with at least two other proteins, the nucleoporin NUP88 and hCRM1 (exportin 1), which was recently shown to function as a nuclear export receptor. Depletion of CAN in knockout mouse embryonic cells results in cell cycle arrest in G2, followed by inhibition of nuclear protein import and a block of mRNA export. We overexpressed CAN and DEK-CAN in U937 myeloid precursor cells. DEK-CAN expression did not interfere with terminal myeloid differentiation of U937 cells, whereas CAN-overexpressing cells arrested in G0, accumulated mRNA in their nuclei, and died in an apoptotic manner. Interestingly, we found that hCRM1 and import factor p97/importin beta colocalized with the ectopically expressed CAN protein, resulting in depletion of both factors from the NPC. Overexpression of the C-terminal FG-repeat region of CAN, which contains the binding site for hCRM1, caused sequestering of hCRM1 in the nucleoplasm and was sufficient to inhibit cell growth and to induce apoptosis. These results confirm that CAN plays a crucial role in nucleocytoplasmic transport and imply an essential role for hCRM1 in cell growth and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonten-Surtel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grosveld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001692:Biological Transport; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016296:Mutagenesis; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; C104001:DEK-CAN fusion protein, recombinant; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; C085914:NUP214 protein, human; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C490093:Nup214 protein, mouse; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein