Experimental ocular toxoplasmosis in naive and primed rabbits.
OBJECTIVE
Investigations of the course of ocular toxoplasmosis and the influence of a host's immunological status in an animal model would contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this condition. In the current study, these aspects are addressed using naive and primed rabbits infected transvitreally with the non-cyst-forming BK strain of Toxoplasma gondii.


METHODS
Of 45 latex agglutination test-negative rabbits, 27 were infected subcutaneously with 5,000 Toxoplasma tachyzoites, and the ensuing infection treated by systemic administration of clindamycin for 20 days. Four of these rabbits died from generalized infection. The remaining 23 primed rabbits were then inoculated periretinally with a further 5,000 Toxoplasma tachyzoites, administered via the transvitreal route; the 18 naive rabbits were treated likewise.


RESULTS
All 18 naive and 21 of the 23 primed rabbits developed toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. As regarded progression of the disease, dissemination of the condition (p = 0.0001), degree of vitreal infiltration (p = 0.0001) and incidence of retinal detachment (p < 0.05) were all more pronounced in the naive group. Despite treatment, 4 of the 18 (22%) naive rabbits died from generalized infection, as did 4 of the 27 (15%) subcutaneously infected ones (prior to periretinal infection). In the primed (secondarily infected) animal group, only moderate signs of systemic infection were manifested, and there were no fatalities.


CONCLUSIONS
The high incidence (>90%) of retinochoroiditis achieved even in primed animals, by introducing Toxoplasma tachyzoites via the transvitreal route, may reflect the maintenance of an intact uveovascular barrier during the early stages of the disease. The pattern of infection, in being restricted primarily to the retina, mimics the situation evinced in humans. Regarding propagation of the disease, the condition manifested in naive rabbits resembles that occurring in immunodeficient patients, whereas that evoked in primed animals corresponds to recurrence of infection in immunocompetent patients.
Garweg
J G
JG
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Kuenzli
H
H
Boehnke
M
M
D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000502:physiology; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000469:parasitology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002981:Clindamycin