title: Recording multifocal electroretinogram on and off responses in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To record the on and off responses of the multifocal photopic electroretinogram (ERG) from the human retina and to explore how each ERG component (a-, b-, and d-waves) changes at different retinal eccentricities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multifocal ERGs were recorded with the visual evoked response imaging system. Sixty-one densely packed stimulus elements were square wave-modulated between stimulus on and stimulus off, according to a binary m-sequence at a rate of 4.7 Hz under a constant background illumination. The ERGs were recorded with a bipolar Burian-Allen bipolar contact lens electrode from five normal subjects. Response densities (amplitude per retinal area) were calculated for five different eccentric rings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response densities for all components (a-, b-, and d-waves) decreased with increasing retinal eccentricities. The ratio of the d-wave to b-wave amplitudes was minimal in the central retina and increased toward the periphery. The ratio of a-wave to b-wave amplitudes also increased toward the peripheral retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that the on and off responses of the human cone ERGs have different spatial distributions across the human retina, and they suggest a change in the photopic retinal circuitry with increasing retinal eccentricities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology