title: Electroretinographic evaluation of Papillons with and without hereditary retinal degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the function of the outer retina in Papillons with and without hereditary retinal degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 Papillons, median age 1.7 (range, 0.8 to 5.1) years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete physical and ophthalmic examinations were done prior to performing electroretinography under general anesthesia. Full-field electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded, using a special-purpose computer system. Eleven specific ERG responses were recorded, graphed, and evaluated, using age-matched Papillons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severely decreased retinal function was detected in 8 Papillons. The youngest affected dog was 1.2 years old. In affected dogs, amplitudes of responses mainly originating from the rod system were severely decreased, compared with those originating from the cone system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Papillons represent another breed of dog affected by a hereditary photoreceptor degeneration that can be detected at an early age by using ERG. A reliable age for diagnosis using ERG is considered to be 1.5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through and precise ERG procedures and protocols are needed to reliably obtain an early diagnosis of progressive retinal atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narfström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ekesten
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013045:Species Specificity