title: Comparative activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and erythromycin against Legionella species by broth microdilution and intracellular susceptibility testing in HL-60 cells.
abstract: Animal lung macrophages or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been used for testing intracellular activity of anti-Legionella antibiotics; such studies are labor intensive such that comparative antibiotic studies for the many Legionella species are few. We evaluated a human monocyte cell line (HL-60) as an alternative model. HL-60 (1.5 x 10(6) cells/well) was differentiated into adherent cell and infected with 1.5 x 10(7) CFU of Legionella pneumophilia (L. pneumophilia). Erythromycin and quinolones, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin were added to cells at 1 and 8 x MIC. Percent (%) inhibition ratios equal to total L. pneumophila with agent divided by L. pneumophila without agent x 100 were determined at 48 h; lower ratios implied greater potency. By broth dilution in buffered yeast extract broth, the most potent agents against L. pneumophila were (MIC): ciprofloxacin (0.015-0.03), ofloxacin (0.015-0.03), levofloxacin (0.015-0.03), erythromycin (0.125-1.0 microgram/mL). In the intracellular model, the most potent inhibitors of L. pneumophila multiplication at 8 x MIC were (in order of potency) levofloxacin (24.2%), ciprofloxacin (30.6%), ofloxacin (37.1%), and erythromycin (55.0%). All the quinolones were highly active and significantly more potent against L. micdadei and L. bozemanii when compared to L. pneumophila.
authors.affiliation: Special Pathogens Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007875:Legionella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000187:drug effects; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000382:microbiology; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004917:Erythromycin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin