title: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of spider toxin (argiotoxin-636) analogs as NMDA receptor antagonists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twelve synthetic spider toxin analogs were prepared in an effort to better understand the structure-activity relationships of the polyamine portion of argiotoxin-636 (Arg-636), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 1,13-diamino-4,8-diazatridecane portion of the side chain of Arg-636 was systematically modified in an effort to further our knowledge of the structural requirements for the alkyl linker spacing between the amine nitrogens. Systematic isosteric replacement of each of the amine nitrogens in the polyamine moiety with either oxygen or carbon provided a series of compounds which were evaluated in vitro for NMDAR antagonist activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-half of the heteroatoms found in Arg-636 were removed to provide analogs which maintained in vitro potency below 1 microM. However, these simplified analogs produced similar or more pronounced effects on the cardiovascular system than Arg-636 in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this set of analogs, a minimum of three basic nitrogens in the side chain was required for maximum potency as NMDAR antagonists. Isosteric nitrogen substitutions in the polyamine chain reduced the in vitro potency of these analogs. An analog binding-conformation model was proposed to rationalize the inactivity of these isosterically substituted analogs.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Groups NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1256, USA. smoe@npsp.com
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Raszkiewicz
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Artman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D015195:Drug Design; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D008297:Male; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013111:Spider Venoms; D013112:Spiders
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010648:Phenylacetates; D011073:Polyamines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D013111:Spider Venoms; C558368:argiotoxin-636