title: The role of human papillomavirus DNAs in cervical carcinoma and risk of lymph node metastasis: association with 72-kilodalton metalloproteinase immunostaining.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a prognostic factor in cervical carcinoma is not understood completely and little is known regarding the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the metastatic process of HPV positive carcinoma. The authors evaluated HPV status with respect to clinical features in early stage cervical carcinoma, with special emphasis on lymph node spread. The authors also analyzed the relation between HPV, lymph node involvement, and 72-kilodalton (kDa) metalloproteinase immunostaining, an enzyme that cleaves Type IV collagen and may play a role in tumor metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I and IIA squamous cell cervical carcinoma treated by primary radical surgery were reviewed. Histologic grade of differentiation, tumor size, fractional depth of invasion, and lymph node spread were evaluated with respect to HPV status and 72-kDa metalloproteinase immunostaining. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction and the primers potentially recognized at least the following HPV subtypes: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 42, 51, 56, and 58. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the avidin-biotin complex technique. Affinity-purified rabbit anti-72-kDa metalloproteinase antibody was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was detected in a total of 69% of cases, and HPV-16 was the most frequent type detected. HPV positive carcinomas showed a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastases than HPV negative carcinomas (45% vs. 10%; P = 0.03); similarly, 72-kDa metalloproteinase index was significantly higher (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a relation between HPV and risk of lymph node metastasis, which may be mediated by an increased production of 72-kDa metalloproteinase.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, G. Salesi Hospital, University of Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Garzetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciavattini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goteri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Nictolis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romanini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biagini
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases