title: Ultrasound-guided liver biopsy for parenchymal liver disease: an economic analysis.
abstract: The use of ultrasound (US) to assist in liver biopsy for nonfocal liver disease has been shown to significantly decrease the incidence of minor complications (defined as pain requiring treatment, hypotension, or bleeding). In this study, decision analysis was used to estimate the average additional net charge for US guidance. The risks for minor and major complications were extracted from the literature. The incidence of minor complications such as pain and bleeding not requiring hospitalization has been reported as 49% for blind liver biopsy and 39% for US-guided liver biopsy. Major complications requiring hospital admission occur in 4% of blind liver biopsies and 2% of US-guided liver biopsies. A decision tree was used to calculate the total charges of liver biopsy and its associated complications. The charge for treating an episode of minor complications was estimated at $605. The charge related to an episode of major complications was estimated at $1533. The total charge for an ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (except the added charge for the use of ultrasound) was $1770, or $102 less than the same charge for blind liver biopsy. The addition of ultrasound in performing liver biopsies for diffuse parenchymal liver disease is cost-saving if the additional charge of US is less than $102.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Younossi
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Teran
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ganiats
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Carey
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000191:economics*