title: The art of endodontics: cleaning and shaping the root canal system. The apical preparation. Part IV of a four-part series on cleaning and shaping root canals.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging