title: Activation of Escherichia coli rRNA transcription by FIS during a growth cycle.
abstract: rRNA transcription in Escherichia coli is activated by the FIS protein, which binds upstream of rrnp1 promoters and interacts directly with RNA polymerase. Analysis of the contribution of FIS to rrn transcription under changing physiological conditions is complicated by several factors: the wide variation in cellular FIS concentrations with growth conditions, the contributions of several other regulatory systems to rRNA synthesis, and the pleiotropy of fis mutations. In this report, we show by in vivo footprinting and Western blot analysis that occupancy of the rrnBp1 FIS sites correlates with cellular levels of FIS. We find, using two methods of measurement (pulse induction of a FIS-activated hybrid promoter and primer extension from an unstable transcript made from rrnBp1), that the extent of transcription activation by FIS parallels the degree of FIS site occupancy and therefore cellular FIS levels. FIS activates transcription throughout exponential growth at low culture density, but rrnp1 transcription increases independently of FIS immediately following upshift, before FIS accumulates. These results support the model that FIS is one of a set of overlapping signals that together contribute to transcription from rrnp1 promoters during steady-state growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Appleman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gourse
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D035021:Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D034982:Integration Host Factors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D012407:rRNA Operon
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D035021:Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein; D034982:Integration Host Factors; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C440502:integration host factor, E coli