title: Evaluation of National Research Council and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein Systems for predicting requirements of Holstein heifers.
abstract: This experiment evaluated the effects of prepubertal energy intake and dietary protein source on average daily gain of Holstein heifers. Holstein heifers (n = 273) were assigned to one of three dietary energy treatments that were designed to achieve average daily gains of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kg/d from 90 to 320 kg of body weight. Within each energy treatment, heifers were assigned to diets that were supplemented with animal and plant proteins or plant protein and urea. Diets were formulated using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Actual mean daily gains by heifers on each energy treatment were 0.68, 0.83, and 0.94 kg/d and were not affected by protein source. Undegradable intake protein was predicted by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to be adequate to support the observed daily gain that was allowed by the amount of energy in the diet and was 13 to 25% lower than the recommendations for undegradable intake protein by the National Research Council. These results suggested that requirements for undegradable intake protein may be met at concentrations that are less than 35% of the dietary crude protein. Energy equations from the National Research Council and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System were evaluated and accounted for 87 and 86% of the variation in body weight gain that was allowed by the amount of energy in the diet with biases of -7.7 and -5.7%, respectively. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System has the primary advantage of improved accuracy in the prediction of nutrient requirements in each unique production situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Van Amburgh
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Galton
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Chase
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014508:Urea