title: Reductions in the activation of ERK and JNK are associated with decreased IL-2 production in T cells from elderly humans stimulated by the TCR/CD3 complex and costimulatory signals.
abstract: T cells from elderly humans often display impaired IL-2 production, but the mechanisms are unknown. Because the activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) are important for IL-2 production, the current study evaluated if aberrancies in the expression and activation of ERK2 or JNK might underlie decreased IL-2 production by human T cells during aging. The present results show that diminished ERK2 and JNK catalytic activities were commonly detected in T cells from elderly humans stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb OKT3 plus PMA. These reductions did not represent temporal shifts in activation or altered expression of ERK2 or JNK. In addition, the reductions of ERK2 activation in stimulated T cells from elderly individuals were accompanied by decreased Raf-1 kinase activation and could be observed without coexisting impairments in JNK activation. Stimulation of ERK2 activation in elderly T cells correlated with IL-2 production and decreased ERK2 activation was consistently associated with reduced IL-2 production. Although the age-related decreases in JNK activation were accompanied by reduced IL-2 production, substantial impairments of JNK activation were observed with diminished ERK2 activation. Moreover, anti-CD3/PMA-stimulated T cells from elderly individuals that displayed normal JNK activation and impaired ERK2 activation continued to demonstrate reduced IL-2 production. These findings show that impairments in the activation of ERK2 and JNK can accompany decreased IL-2 production by T cells from elderly humans and further suggest that aberrancies in TCR/CD3-dependent activation of the Raf-1/MEK/ERK2 cascade may be rate-limiting for the full induction of IL-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, William H. Davis Medical Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1228, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Whisler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016853:Muromonab-CD3; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate