title: Whole-blood viscosity and the insulin-resistance syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study we found that elevated blood viscosity was linked to the insulin resistance syndrome, and we proposed that high blood viscosity may increase insulin resistance. That study was based on calculated viscosity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether directly measured whole-blood viscosity was related to the insulin-resistance syndrome in the same way as calculated viscosity had been found to be.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy young men were examined with the hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp technique, and we related insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal rate) to other metabolic parameters and to blood viscosity. We established a technique for direct measurement of whole-blood viscosity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant negative correlations between glucose disposal rate and whole-blood viscosity at low and high shear rates (r = -0.41, P = 0.007 for both, n = 42). Whole-blood viscosity was correlated positively (n = 15) to serum triglyceride (r = 0.54, P = 0.04) and total cholesterol (r = 0.52, P = 0.05), and negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.53, P = 0.04) concentrations. Insulin sensitivity index was correlated positively to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.54, P = 0.04) and negatively to serum triglyceride (r = -0.69, P = 0.005) and to total cholesterol (r = -0.81, P = 0.0003) concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrate for the first time that there is a negative relationship between directly measured whole-blood viscosity and insulin sensitivity as a part of the insulin-resistance syndrome. Whole-blood viscosity contributes to the total peripheral resistance, and these results support the hypothesis that insulin resistance has a hemodynamic basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ullevaal Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Høieggen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fossum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006339:Heart Rate; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol