title: Prevention of deep venous thrombosis associated with superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg by early saphenous vein ligation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the leg used to be regarded as a mild and uncomplicated disease, particularly in German speaking countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective clinical study from 6/91 until 12/96 we followed the progress of all patients (n = 398) with thrombophlebitis of the vena saphena magna or parva. Parameters of interest were: the incidence of concomitant deep vein thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. All patients underwent colour duplex scanning, most of them repeatedly. In cases of proven ascending superficial thrombosis, or involvement of the saphenofemoral junction, proximal saphenous vein ligation was performed (n = 56, 49 vena saphena magna and 7 vena saphena parva). Among these groups, there were 10 patients with malignant disease (18%), ten with a history of thrombosis (18%), another five comprised diabetes, recent major surgery and organ transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 56 operations we found free-floating thrombi 6x (11%), 19x the sapheno-femoral junction was involved (33%), 24x the saphenous vein close to the junction (43%). Three patients develop deep vein thrombosis, despite surgery (0.75% of all and 5% of the operated cases). 2 patients suffered from (non-lethal) pulmonary embolism (0.5% and 3.5%, respectively). One embolism occurred before vein ligation. Perioperative morbidity amounted to 8.5% (superficial wound infection, hematoma).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous ligation is probably effective in reducing the rate of fatal pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kock
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudofsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome