title: Comparison of phenytoin serum concentrations in premature neonates following intravenous and oral administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the serum concentrations attained following intravenous and oral administration of phenytoin in premature neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, uncontrolled study was conducted over 6 years. Phenhydan concentrate for infusion (Desitin, Hamburg, Germany) was used for intravenous infusion, and Epanutin suspension (Parke-Davis, Freiburg, Germany) was used for oral therapy. Blood samples were analyzed by using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay analyzer TDx model by Abbott Laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-affiliated district hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty premature neonates who were administered intravenous and/or oral phenytoin between February 1991 and February 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum phenytoin concentrations on intravenous and oral phenytoin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients received intravenous (group A) and 15 patients received oral (group B) therapy. Mean +/- SD postnatal age (41 +/- 8.7 vs. 48 +/- 17 d; p = 0.03) and actual body weight (1.56 +/- 0.38 vs. 1.88 +/- 0.75 kg; p = 0.02) were slightly higher in group B. There were no significant differences between the groups in mean +/- SD gestational age (26.1 +/- 1.37 vs. 26.9 +/- 3.30 wk), 5-minute Apgar score (8.7 +/- 1.11 vs. 7.7 +/- 2.26), daily dosage (8.1 +/- 3.86 vs. 8.1 +/- 4.21 mg/kg/d), and phenytoin serum concentration (8.7 +/- 7.36 vs. 9.6 +/- 5.83 micrograms/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to data in the current literature, reliable serum concentrations in premature neonates were achieved by oral administration of phenytoin suspension. Oral therapy offers a number of advantages and considerably reduces the cost of therapy. Due to substantial variations in phenytoin pharmacokinetics in neonates, close monitoring of serum concentrations is required. Further investigation is required to confirm these results, especially in neonates younger than 20 days' postnatal age and those receiving products other than Epanutin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Heidenheim, Germany. otto.frey@t-online.de
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: von Brenndorff
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010672:Phenytoin