title: The impact of multidideoxynucleoside resistance-conferring mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on polymerase fidelity and error specificity.
abstract: Variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that are highly resistant to a number of nucleoside analog drugs have been shown to develop in some patients receiving 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine therapy in combination with 2',3'-dideoxycytidine or 2',3'-dideoxyinosine. The appearance, in the reverse transcriptase (RT), of the Q151M mutation in such variants precedes the sequential appearance of three or four additional mutations, resulting in a highly resistant virus. Three of the affected residues are proposed to lie in the vicinity of the template-primer in the three-dimensional structure of the HIV-1 RT-double-stranded DNA complex. The amino acid residue Q151 is thought to be very near the templating base. The nucleoside analog resistance mutations in the beta9-beta10 (M184V) and the beta5a (E89G) strands of HIV-1 RT were previously shown to increase the fidelity of deoxynucleoside triphosphate insertion. Therefore, we have examined wild-type HIV-1BH10 RT and two nucleoside analog-resistant variants, the Q151M and A62V/V75I/F77L/F116Y/Q151M (VILYM) RTs, for their overall forward mutation rates in an M13 gapped-duplex assay that utilizes lacZ alpha as a reporter. The overall error rates for the wild-type, the Q151M, and the VILYM RTs were 4.5 x 10(-5), 4.0 x 10(-5), and 2.3 x 10(-5) per nucleotide, respectively. Although the mutant RTs displayed minimal decreases in the overall error rates compared to wild-type RT, the error specificities of both mutant RTs were altered. The Q151M RT mutant generated new hot spots, which were not observed for wild-type HIV-1 RT previously. The VILYM RT showed a marked reduction in error rate at two of the predominant mutational hot spots that have been observed for wild-type HIV-1 RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Curr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuya
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase