title: Analysis of a biallelic polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter and HIV type 1 disease progression.
abstract: The relevance of a TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism, a G-to-A polymorphic sequence at position-308, was examined to test whether variant alleles of TNF-alpha affect susceptibility to infection with HIV-1 and progression to AIDS. Analysis of specimens from cohorts of HIV-1 positive homosexual men demonstrated that 3 of the 32 (9.4%) HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) were homozygous for the uncommon TNF-2 allele compared with 3 of the 196 (1.5%) HIV-1-seronegative blood donors and uninfected homosexual men (p < 0.05). There was no difference in heterozygosity among HIV-1-seropositive or -seronegative groups, although some of the seropositive men heterozygous for the TNF2 genotype were also heterozygous for CCR5delta32. However, no significant association was found between TNF genotypes and time of survival, CD4 slopes, or viral loads when seroincident (n = 109) and seroprevalent cases (n = 442) from the Chicago MACS were analyzed. Functional analysis of lymphocytes from the seronegative group revealed no difference in endogenous or mitogen-induced TNF-alpha production, as well as susceptibility to in vitro HIV-1 infection between different TNF-genotype donors. These data suggest that TNF genotypes do not play a direct role in HIV-1 disease progression; however, they could potentially be part of a multigenic linkage that may be involved in delaying progression to AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Retrovirus Diseases Branch, DPD, NCID, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Knuchel
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Spira
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phair
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Folks
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lal
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000483:Alleles; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006579:Heterozygote; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha