title: Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan: CD14-dependent bacterial inducers of inflammation.
abstract: Surface structures of bacteria contribute to the microbial pathogenic potential and are capable of causing local and generalized inflammatory reactions. Among these factors, endotoxin and peptidoglycan are of particular medical importance. Both toxic bacterial polymers are now recognized to interact with the same cellular receptor, the CD14 molecule, which is expressed on different types of immune cells, in particular, monocytes/macrophages. The interaction between these bacterial activators and CD14 leads to the production of endogenous mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 (IL-1), and IL-6, which are ultimately responsible for phlogistic responses. The fact that CD14 recognizes not only endotoxin and peptidoglycan but also other glycosyl-based microbial polymers suggests that this cellular surface molecule represents a lectin.
authors.affiliation: Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Germany.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schletter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weidemann
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: El-Samalouti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mattern
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zähringer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seydel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Flad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusumoto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dziarski
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ulmer
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008050:Lipid A / Q000737:chemistry; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008050:Lipid A; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010457:Peptidoglycan