title: Minimum inhibitory concentrations for selected antimicrobial agents against organisms isolated from the mammary glands of dairy heifers in New Zealand and Denmark.
abstract: Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for selected antimicrobial agents against 872 bacteria isolated from intramammary infections in heifers in New Zealand (n = 401) and Denmark (n = 471). These values were reported in micrograms per milliliters. Antimicrobial agents tested against isolates from New Zealand were penicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin, ceftiofur, novobiocin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, and pirlimycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations that inhibit 90% of the strains tested for these antimicrobial agents with Staphylococcus aureus were 4.0, 0.5, 0.5, 2.0, 1.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration values that inhibit 90% of the strains tested against the Staphylococcus spp. ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 for all antimicrobics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against streptococci were < or = 0.06, 0.5, 0.13, 0.13, 4.0, 1.0, 0.13, and < or = 0.06, respectively. Antimicrobial agents tested against isolates from Denmark included penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, penicillin plus novobiocin, erythromycin, and pirlimycin. Against S. aureus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.13, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.5, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against Staphylococcus spp. were 0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, < or = 0.06, 0.13, 1.0, and 0.5, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against the streptococci were < or = 0.06, 0.13, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, < or = 0.06, 0.13, 0.5, and 0.5, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration values for staphylococci from New Zealand and Denmark were similar to values reported for US isolates. Streptococci from New Zealand and Denmark had lower minimum inhibitory concentration values than did US isolates. Only ceftiofur and enrofloxacin were active against the Gram-negative bacilli.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Discovery Research, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Aarestrup
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pankey
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Yancey
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003718:Denmark; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009520:New Zealand; D009675:Novobiocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D010406:Penicillins; D015363:Quinolones; D009675:Novobiocin; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002981:Clindamycin; D004917:Erythromycin; D000667:Ampicillin; C034093:pirlimycin