title: Ex vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the adult rat heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability to transfer genes to adult myocardium may have therapeutic implications for cardiac transplantation. We investigated the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated transfer of marker genes LacZ and Luciferase, as well as the potentially therapeutic gene of the human beta2-adrenergic receptor in a rat heterotopic heart transplant model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor hearts were flushed with 10(12) total viral particles of one of three transgenes. Hearts were harvested at various time points after transplantation. LacZ-treated hearts were assessed by histologic staining and Luciferase-treated hearts were assayed for specific luminescence activity. Hearts treated with beta2-adrenergic receptor underwent radioligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry with the use of an antibody specific for the human beta2-adrenergic receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LacZ hearts revealed diffuse myocyte staining as opposed to none within controls at 5 days. Luciferase hearts demonstrated a mean activity of 970,000 +/- 220,000 arbitrary light units versus 500 +/- 200 for the controls (p = 0.001). Total beta2-adrenergic receptor densities (fmol/mg membrane protein) for hearts that received the beta2-adrenergic receptor transgene at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after infection were as follows: right ventricle, 488.5 +/- 126.8, 519.4 +/- 81.8,* 477.1 +/- 51.8,* 183.0 +/- 6.5,* and 82.7 +/- 19.1; left ventricle, 511.0 +/- 167.6, 1206.4 +/- 321.8,* 525.3 +/- 188.7, 183.5 +/- 18.6,* and 75.9 +/- 15.2 (*p < 0.05 vs control value of 75.6 +/- 6.4). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed diffuse staining of varying intensity within myocardial sarcolemmal membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that global overexpression of different transgenes is possible during cardiac transplantation and, ultimately, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer may provide a unique opportunity for genetic manipulation of the donor organ, potentially enhancing its function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kypson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peppel
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Glower
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007763:Lac Operon; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D008156:Luciferases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase