title: gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus induces interleukin (IL)-10 in monocytes, but not in B, T, or NK cells, leading to reduced IL-2 and interferon-gamma production.
abstract: The effect of extracellular domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 on interleukin (IL)-10, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-y, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by ELISA. Rapid gp41-induced increase of IL-10 production was detected in resting PBMC and isolated monocytes but not in B, T, or NK cells. Furthermore, gp41 also enhanced IL-10 production in staphylococcal enterotoxin B-stimulated PBMC, while synthesis of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 in these cells was down-modulated. Kinetic studies revealed that increased IL-10 production preceded reduction of IL-2, indicating the possible IL-10 regulatory role in the gp41-induced down-modulation of this cytokine. Anti-IL-10 antibody reversed almost completely the gp41 inhibitory effect on IL-2 production. In this study, HIV-1 gp41 was a potent modulator of cytokine production by PBMC, in particular by increasing IL-10 secretion from normal monocytes/macrophages and consequently down-regulating IL-2 and IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hygiene, University of Innsbruck and Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for AIDS Research, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barcova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kacani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Speth
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dierich
mesh_terms: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D058619:Maltose-Binding Proteins; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D007376:Interleukin-2; D058619:Maltose-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma