title: Isolation and characterization of kidney-specific ClC-K1 chloride channel gene promoter.
abstract: The rat ClC-K1 chloride channel is a kidney-specific member of the ClC chloride channel family found exclusively in the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop in the kidney. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of kidney-specific expression of ClC-K1, a genomic clone that contains the 5'-flanking region of the rat ClC-K1 gene was isolated. A single transcription start site was located 84 bp upstream of the start codon. The sequence of the proximal 5'-flanking region contained an activator protein (AP)-3 site, a glucocorticoid-responsive element, several AP-2 sites, and several E-boxes, but it lacked a TATA box. To functionally express the promoter, the approximately 2.5-kb pair 5'-flanking region was ligated to a luciferase reporter gene and transfected into inner medullary (IM) cells, a stable ClC-K1-expressing cell line derived from the inner medulla of simian virus 40 transgenic mouse, and ClC-K1-nonexpressing cell lines. Luciferase activity was 7-to 24-fold greater in IM cells than those in nonexpressing cell lines, suggesting that the approximately 2.5-kb fragment contained cis-acting regulatory elements for cell-specific expression of the ClC-K1 gene. Deletion analysis revealed that this cell-specific promoter activity in IM cells was still present in the construct containing 51 bp of the 5'-flanking region but was lost in the -29 construct, clearly demonstrating that the 22 bp from -51 to -30 have a major role in the cell-specific activity of the ClC-K1 promoter. These 22 bp consist of purine-rich sequence (GGGGAGGGG-GAGGGGAG), and gel-retardation analysis demonstrated the existence of a specific protein(s) binding to this element in IM cells. These results suggest that the novel purine-rich element may play a key role in the activity of the ClC-K1 gene promoter.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsushige
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marumo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005796:Genes; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; C489933:Clcnka protein, mouse; C082118:Clcnka protein, rat; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins