title: Extended surgical resection in T4 gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some physicians still consider invasion of adjacent organs by the carcinoma of stomach as a sign of incurable disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study has been done with particular reference to 353 T4 gastric cancer patients who underwent combined gastrectomies with adjacent organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subtotal gastrectomy was performed in 237 (67.1%) patients and total gastrectomy was performed in 116 (32.9%) patients. Organs most commonly resected with the stomach were the transverse colon in 159 (45%) cases, the tail of pancreas and spleen in 150 (42.5%), the left lobe of liver in 101 (28.5%), and the head of pancreas in 37 (10.5%) patients. A total of 110 postoperative complications occurred in this subset of patients corresponding to a complication rate of 31.2%. A total of 48 postoperative deaths occurred in this subset of patients corresponding to a mortality rate of 13.6%. The 5-year survival rate for all patients who underwent combined gastrectomy with adjacent organs was 25%. Of the node-negative T4 gastric cancer resections, 37% survived 5 years whereas the T4 node-positive resections have only a 15% 5-year survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who present with T4 gastric cancer (about 20% of the patient population) will benefit from aggressive en bloc surgical resection and should not be considered unresectable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Shchepotin
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Chorny
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shabahang
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Buras
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome