title: Influence of pattern of alcohol intake on blood pressure in regular drinkers: a controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of patterns of drinking (weekend versus daily drinking) on the pressor responses to alcohol in 55 male drinkers using clinic and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled cross-over trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment required a regular alcohol intake of 210-500 ml absolute alcohol/week, with > 60% consumed as beer. Fourteen subjects were categorized as predominantly weekend drinkers, whereas the remaining 41 subjects regularly drank on a daily basis. After 4 weeks of familiarization, all subjects were randomly allocated to drinking low-alcohol beer (0.9% vol:vol) only or to maintain their usual drinking habits with provision of full-strength beer (5% vol:vol) for 4 weeks. They then switched back to their usual drinking habits or low-alcohol beer, respectively, for a further 4 weeks while maintaining their usual drinking pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline ambulatory systolic blood pressure in weekend but not in daily drinkers was 2.4 mmHg higher on Monday than it was on Thursday (P = 0.02). This Monday-Thursday difference was lost during intervention. When subjects switched from the high-alcohol to the low-alcohol period the falls in ambulatory systolic blood pressure in weekend (3.1 mmHg, P < 0.001) and daily drinkers (2.2 mmHg, P < 0.001) were similar. Most of the fall was evident during week 1 of the low-alcohol period for weekend drinkers but not until week 4 for daily drinkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pressor response to alcohol consumption is similar in magnitude in weekend and daily drinkers, present throughout a 24 h period and has a rapid onset/offset in weekend drinkers but is more sustained in daily drinkers.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, and the West Australian Heart Institute. vrakic@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rakic
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Puddey
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dimmitt
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Beilin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013997:Time Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase