title: Endoscopic gross anatomy findings of the thoracic air sac of the turkey.
abstract: The gross anatomy of the cranial thoracic air sacs was studied in the live turkey with a fiber-optic endoscope fitted with a video system. Thirty-five out of 39 (89.7%) of the turkeys had paired single thoracic air sacs with two ostia. The other 10.3% of the turkeys had paired cranial and caudal thoracic air sacs, each with a single ostium. The air flow pattern through the common thoracic air sac with two ostia is unknown. Furthermore, 42.3% of the turkeys with a single thoracic air sac had an invagination arising from the floor of the air sac that partially divided the single thoracic air sac creating a blind-ended sac. The blind sac formed by the invagination may trap small inhaled particulate matter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ontario Veterinary College, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D008297:Male; D055100:Optical Fibers; D013909:Thorax; D014422:Turkeys / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014741:Video Recording