title: Cytotoxic and non-genotoxic effects of arecoline on human buccal fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: Betel quid chewing has been linked to oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays were used to investigate the pathobiological effects of arecoline on cultured human buccal fibroblasts. Arecoline increased double-stranded polynucleic acid at the concentration of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration higher than 50 micrograms/ml, arecoline was cytotoxic to cultured fibroblasts and the cytotoxicity was dose-dependent. No genotoxicity for arecoline was found even at a concentration of 400 micrograms/ml. On the other hand, 600 micrograms/ml glutathione (GSH) and 200 micrograms/ml glycyrrhizin could prevent the arecoline-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate that arecoline is a cytotoxic agent and no genotoxicity was found to human buccal fibroblasts. Furthermore, increasing consumption of GSH- and glycyrrhizin-rich foods may reduce the oral diseases associated with betel quid chewing.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects; D001115:Arecoline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008409:Mastication; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011419:Propidium; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013936:Thymidine; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000931:Antidotes; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D009153:Mutagens; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014316:Tritium; D011419:Propidium; D001115:Arecoline; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D004247:DNA; D005978:Glutathione; D013936:Thymidine