title: Expression of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the healthy and asthmatic bronchus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and chronic inflammation of the airways. Since peptides are able to produce many of the pathophysiological features which are characteristic of asthma, peptide-mediated inflammation is thought to play a role in this disease. The effects of peptides are modulated by peptidases, which are able to degrade peptides, mostly resulting in their inactivation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the distribution of two peptidases, aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, in the human bronchus and determined whether their expression was altered in allergic asthmatics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first determined the distribution of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the human bronchus using immuno- and enzymehistochemistry and compared this with the distribution of neutral endopeptidase. Secondly, the expression of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV was determined in bronchial biopsies of healthy subjects (n = 8) and allergic asthmatics (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aminopeptidase N was localized in connective tissue, blood vessels, gland ducts, perichondrium, nerves and leucocytes (mainly mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and eosinophils). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV was localized in serosal glands, blood vessels, and T cells. Immunohistochemistry and enzymehistochemistry gave similar results. Comparison of the expression of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in bronchial biopsies of healthy controls and atopic asthmatics revealed no significant differences in the lamina propria. In contrast, in the bronchial epithelium of atopic asthmatics an increased number of aminopeptidase N-positive cells could be found. Double-staining identified these cells as L25+ dendritic cells and eosinophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that expression of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV is restricted to specific sites within the human bronchus. Furthermore, in the bronchial epithelium of allergic asthmatics an increased number of aminopeptidase N-expressing dendritic cells and eosinophils can be found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus University and University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Wierenga-Wolf
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Adriaansen-Soeting
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Overbeek
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hoogsteden
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Versnel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D001980:Bronchi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D018826:CD13 Antigens; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D015260:Neprilysin