title: Pharmacological evaluation of a new timolol/pilocarpine formulation.
abstract: A new formulation (HYA) based on timolol hyaluronate and pilocarpine hyaluronate salts has been shown to improve the bioavailability of the drugs and to extend the duration of their action. Extent of the intraocular pressure lowering effect, duration of action and aqueous bioavailability of timolol and pilocarpine of HYA were compared with a commercial preparation. Ocular hypertension in the rabbit was induced by alpha-chymotrypsin or by water loading. The hypotensive effect of HYA treatment was significantly greater and longer than that observed in rabbit eyes treated with the commercial preparation both in the normotensive and in the hypertensive animals. Furthermore, we evaluated the miotic response; due to pilocarpine, normotensive rabbits showed a greater miotic response and an extended duration when the eyes were treated with HYA. The new formulation increased the aqueous availability of timolol and pilocarpine compared to the commercial preparation as determined by HPLC. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of HYA indicate an increase in efficacy and duration of action along with an increase in bioavailability of timolol and pilocarpine in comparison with the commercial preparation.
authors.affiliation: Fidia Oftal Research Laboratories, Catania, Italy. bucocla@mbox.unict.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spadaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangiafico
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013999:Timolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010862:Pilocarpine; D013999:Timolol; D002918:Chymotrypsin