title: Inter-laboratory validation of solid-phase microextraction for the determination of triazine herbicides and their degradation products at ng/l level in water samples.
abstract: The accuracy and precision of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) were validated in an inter-laboratory study including ten laboratories for the analysis of triazine herbicides and their metabolites at ng/l level in aqueous samples. The SPME conditions were optimised in order to obtain maximum sensitivity. Especially, salt addition and choice of the SPME fibre coated with Carbowax-divinylbenzene increased the sensitivity. The average detection limits were in the range from 4 to 24 ng/l for the triazine herbicides, and 20 and 40 ng/l for desisopropylatrazine and desethylatrazine, respectively. The average r2 values of the calibration curves were above 0.99 for all of the analytes. The statistical data treatment was performed in accordance with the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) standard 5725. Relative repeatability standard deviations between 6 and 14% and relative reproducibility standard deviations between 10 and 17% were found. The determined concentrations of the reference sample compared well to the "true" values, thus proving the good accuracy of the method. It is concluded that SPME is a reliable technique for the quantitative analysis of water samples containing triazine herbicides in concentrations around the European limit of 100 ng/l for individual pesticides in drinking water.
authors.affiliation: Sigma Aldrich, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arlati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basla
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Carlo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dellavedova
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fattore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fungi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guidotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgillo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volante
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014227:Triazines; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014227:Triazines