title: An audit of prostate-specific antigen and clinical symptoms in general practice.
abstract: The objective was to devise local guidelines for the referral of patients with suspected prostatic carcinoma following evaluation by a retrospective audit of the value of the prostate-specific antigen concentration, together with age, urological symptoms, and digital rectal examination in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate. Relevant details were collected from the notes of 582 patients from general practice and hospital. The significant diagnostic factors were ascertained by stepwise logistic regression. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, digital rectal examination and significant terminal dribbling were the most powerful factors in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate. When prostate-specific antigen concentration was considered in isolation, a value of 6.5 ng/ml appeared appropriate for referral. Age was not significant, perhaps due to the narrow patient age range. The significant diagnostic factors were built into an algorithm calculating the probability of carcinoma of the prostate. This algorithm, together with prostate-specific antigen concentration results and digital rectal examination findings, forms the basis of the referral guidelines and a subsequent prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Central Pathology Laboratory, North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke on Trent, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roalfe
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen