title: High-dose conformal radiotherapy influenced the pattern of failure but did not improve survival in glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although glioblastoma multiforme is clearly radiation-resistant, there is evidence of a dose-dependent response relationship. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of higher dose by rotational multileaf collimator (MLC) conformal radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1984 to 1995, 38 consecutive cases with intracranial glioblastoma multiforme were treated using the rotational MLC conformal therapy. There were 25 men and 13 women with a median age of 47 years (12-73 years, mean 46.5 years). Median Karnofsky performance score was 80 (30-100, mean 78.2). Median tumor volume was 64 cc (8-800 cc, mean 110.3 cc). All underwent surgical intervention (only biopsy in 1, partial resection in 13, subtotal resection in 21, and gross total resection in 3). Radiation dose to was 60 to 80 Gy (median 68.5 Gy, mean 68.3 Gy) in 21 patients treated before 1990 and 90 Gy in the 17 patients thereafter. Biweekly i.v. chemotherapy was also administered for both arms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-year, 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival rates were 75%, 42%, 20%, and 15%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed the initial tumor volume, residual tumor volume, and Karnofsky performance score were statistically significant factors for survival. Only the residual tumor volume was statistically significant by multivariate analysis. The 5-year survival rate of patients with residual tumors of 5 cc or less in volume was as good as 37%. Survival of the 90-Gy Group appeared inferior to that of the Low-Dose Group, though no statistical difference was seen (the 3-year survival was 40% vs. 22%). Local failure was observed in 16 of the 19 recurrences in the Low-Dose Group, whereas it was observed in only 4 of the 13 recurrences in the 90-Gy Group. The difference in pattern of failure was statistically significant. Two patients of the High-Dose Group developed radiation necrosis and one died of it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-dose conformal radiotherapy did not improve survival in the disease, but did change the pattern of failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tago
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsutani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akanuma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed