title: Smad2 signaling in extraembryonic tissues determines anterior-posterior polarity of the early mouse embryo.
abstract: Smad proteins transmit TGFbeta signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. Here we analyze Smad2 mutant embryos created using ES cell technology. Smad2 function is not required for mesoderm production per se, but, rather unexpectedly, in the absence of Smad2 the entire epiblast adopts a mesodermal fate giving rise to a normal yolk sac and fetal blood cells. In contrast, Smad2 mutants entirely lack tissues of the embryonic germ layers. Smad2 signals serve to restrict the site of primitive streak formation and establish anterior-posterior identity within the epiblast. Chimera experiments demonstrate these essential activities are contributed by the extraembryonic tissues. Thus, the extraembryonic tissues play critical roles in establishing the body plan during early mouse development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Waldrip
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bikoff
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hoodless
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wrana
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005838:Genotype; D007763:Lac Operon; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497783:Smad2 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators