title: The role of radiology in children with anorectal anomalies; with particular emphasis on MRI.
abstract: Anorectal anomalies have a reported incidence of between 1 per 1000 and 1 per 9630 live births. The international classification subdivides anorectal malformations into high, intermediate, low and miscellaneous deformities with emphasis on the sex of the child. The classification is based on where the rectum terminates in relation to the levator ani muscles above the levator is termed a high (supralevator) lesion, at the level of the levator intermediate, and below is a low or translevator anomaly. A modified classification has recently been proposed by Pena based on his anatomic observations during posterior sagittal anorectoplasty-the terms high, intermediate and low lesions continue to be used but with slightly different connotations. Approximately 50% of all patients with anorectal anomalies have associated other congenital lesions. These lesions necessitate a variety of radiological investigations which will be outlined briefly. The pertinent muscular anatomy of the pelvic floor and recent advances in surgical techniques will be discussed. The particular role of MRI in the evaluation of the pre-operative newborn or infant prior to definitive pull-through repair surgery and the post-operative, older, paediatric patient with continuing problems will be reviewed. Reference to the other radiological options, and their usefulness, in the evaluation of anorectal malformations will be made throughout the text.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McHugh
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery