title: Are medical students ready to provide HIV-prevention counseling?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether medical students were prepared to assess risk and counsel patients about prevention of HIV infection, and whether HIV-related experience produced better knowledge and counseling skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1995, students at four North Carolina medical schools interviewed a standardized patient portraying a young woman concerned about HIV infection. The standardized patient recorded whether students asked risk-behavior questions and provided risk-reduction advice. A 21-item questionnaire assessed the students' knowledge of HIV testing and prevention. Students indicated whether they had had experience in educational settings related to HIV or STDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  415 students completed both the patient interview and the questionnaire. Many failed to ask the patient about several HIV-risk behaviors. Although nearly all (98%) inquired about condom use, fewer than two thirds asked about the patient's history of STDs, number of sexual partners, or specific sexual practices. Most students advised the patient to use condoms. The average score on the knowledge test was 79%; 70% of students confused anonymous with confidential testing, more than half overestimated the risk of HIV transmission from a needle stick, and nearly one in ten did not know how to use a condom. Educational exposures did not produce significantly better risk assessment, counseling information, or knowledge scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A majority of experienced medical students did not assess several important risk factors of a patient concerned about HIV infection, and many would have provided incorrect information related to HIV testing and prevention of infection. Patient contact in traditional clinical settings did not influence prevention knowledge or behavior. More innovative methods are needed to train students in HIV-infection prevention and counseling.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Center for Research on Health Care, PA, USA. cookr@genmed.upmc.edu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Petrusa
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Harward
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires