title: In vitro study on antioxidant potential of various drugs used in the perioperative period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since surgical trauma not only intensifies the oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also weakens the biological defense system against ROS attack, the antioxidant activity of drugs used during the perioperative period, which possibly normalizes the impaired redox state in the patient, is of fundamental importance and great clinical interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have applied the phycoerythrin fluorescence-based assay, in which 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-generated peroxyl radical attacks B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) to lead to a sensitive decrease in its fluorescence intensity linearly, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of major drugs in anesthetic practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the protective effect on B-PE fluorescence decay, the antioxidant activities of the drugs were classified into three groups: Group I drugs, which only slowed B-PE fluorescence decay (nicardipine, verapamil, diltiazem, ephedrine, aminophylline, vecuronium, lidocaine, mepivacaine, midazolam, thiamylal, droperidol, ketamine, hydroxyzine, butorphanol, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and furosemide); Group II drugs, which protected B-PE oxidation completely and stopped fluorescence decay in a certain duration (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dobutamine, isoproterenol, and buprenorphine); and Group III drugs, which had no protective effect on B-PE oxidation (nitroglycerin, prostaglandin E1, neostigmine, pancuronium, suxamethonium, atropine, bupivacaine, pentazocine, and heparin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that Group I and II drugs exert some antioxidant activity in vitro, as measured by their protection of fluorescence decay of B-PE. Careful consideration of these properties might, then, serve to facilitate more efficient drug application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manabe
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology; D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000578:Amidines; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005453:Fluorescence; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016877:Oxidants; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010799:Phycoerythrin / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D000578:Amidines; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000975:Antioxidants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013256:Steroids; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010799:Phycoerythrin; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)