title: Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl during hyperthermic, isolated lung perfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperthermic, isolated pulmonary perfusion with tumor necrosis factor is a surgical procedure that isolates the pulmonary vasculature from the systemic circulation in patients with unresectable primary or metastatic disease confined to the chest. High drug levels are delivered to the perfused organ, avoiding systemic toxicity, and preventing loss of active drug through metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics of fentanyl are evaluated in three patients while the operative lung is hyperthermic, ventilated, and perfused with an asanguineous solution during nonpulsatile bypass. A loading dose of fentanyl, 1.5 microg/kg to 2.5 microg/kg, was given during the induction of anesthesia followed by a continuous infusion of 150 microg/hr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed no difference in mean plasma fentanyl concentrations before, during, or after bypass and was consistent with clearance values previously reported in healthy adult surgical patients in the absence of an extracorporeal circuit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjustments in fentanyl dosing are not required before, during, or after hyperthermic, isolated pulmonary perfusion is established and a steady state of fentanyl is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Section, Clinical Center Pharmacy, and National Cancer Institute/Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1512, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Susla
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Temeck
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Pass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl