title: Heavy caffeine intake in pregnancy and sudden infant death syndrome. New Zealand Cot Death Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide case-control study surveying parents of 393 SIDS victims and parents of 1592 control infants. Caffeine consumption in each of the first and third trimesters was estimated by questionnaire. Heavy caffeine intake was defined as 400 mg/day or more (equivalent to four or more cups of coffee per day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants whose mothers had heavy caffeine consumption throughout their pregnancy had a significantly increased risk for SIDS (odds ratio 1.65; 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 2.35) after adjusting for likely confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caffeine intake has been associated with fetal harm and now SIDS. Reducing heavy caffeine intake during pregnancy could be another way to lessen the risk of SIDS. This needs confirmation by others.
authors.affiliation: Community Paediatric Unit, Community Child and Family Service, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schluter
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scragg
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology*; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine