title: Ambient and biochemical effect monitoring of workers exposed to ethylene oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethylene oxide is an alkylating agent known to be a directly acting mutagen and carcinogen. This study describes the relationship between workplace ambient air concentrations of ethylene oxide and the concentration of N-2-hydroxyethylvaline in the globin of exposed workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the sterilization of medical equipment, 12 workers were occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide. Personal and stationary ambient air measurements were carried out to monitor the external exposure. The determination of the protein adducts was based on the N-alkyl-Edman method, introducing a new commercially available dipeptide standard for calibration purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethylene oxide concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 8.5 ppm were found in the workplace air. The adduct concentrations ranged from 5,219 to 32,738 pmol N-2-hydroxyethylvaline/g globin in the case of regularly exposed workers (n = 9) and from 518 to 3,321 pmol N-2-hydroxyethylvaline/g globin for three persons with occasional contact with ethylene oxide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft established in 1993 a relationship between the ethylene oxide concentration in ambient air and the amount of N-2-hydroxyethylvaline in human globin. By extrapolation, constant exposure to 1 ppm ethylene oxide should yield approximately 4,000 pmol N-2-hydroxyethylvaline/g globin. The ambient air concentrations of ethylene oxide and the amount of N-2-hydroxyethylvaline determined within the present study confirm this extrapolation in practice. In addition, the determination of adducts based on the use of commercially available dipeptide standards for calibration purposes turned out to be an advantageous alternative to the commonly used protein standards.
authors.affiliation: Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angerer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krämer
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C057442:2-hydroxyethylvaline; D014633:Valine; D005027:Ethylene Oxide