title: Virtual environments. Surgical simulation in otolaryngology.
abstract: Advanced technology in the form of computer-generated surgical simulation has tremendous potential as an adjunctive training aid to residents in training and experienced surgeons. This article explores the state-of-the-art in surgical simulation for otolaryngologists and future directions in this area.
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Edmond
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolger
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D004724:Endoscopy; D005103:Expert Systems; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures