title: Arbutin increases the pigmentation of cultured human melanocytes through mechanisms other than the induction of tyrosinase activity.
abstract: We assessed the effects of arbutin on the pigmentation of cultured normal human melanocytes. As indicated by a cell-blotting assay, arbutin at concentrations in the range of 0.5-8 mM increased the pigmentation of the cultured melanocytes, while kojic acid at concentrations in the range of 0.5-4 mM decreased the pigmentation. The pigmentation-augmenting effect of arbutin was further confirmed by the results of a cell-pelleting assay, the traditional method of assessment. Treatment of the cells with arbutin increased the melanin content of the cells and the protein content as well. On the other hand, the tyrosinase activity in the cells was reduced by arbutin treatment. The levels of transcription of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein-1 genes were not affected by arbutin treatment as indicated by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. These results demonstrate that arbutin promotes an increase in pigmentation of cultured human melanocytes that is not mediated by augmented tyrosinase activity.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Science Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuwatari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayasawa
mesh_terms: D001104:Arbutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011506:Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011753:Pyrones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D011753:Pyrones; C011890:kojic acid; D001104:Arbutin; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C489799:TYRP1 protein, human; C064056:tyrosinase-related protein-1; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase