title: Congenital malformations in infants of 517 pregestational diabetic mothers.
abstract: To determine whether the maternal metabolic control and/or the use of hypoglycemic drugs during early gestation is associated with a risk of congenital malformations, beginning on January 1989 to December 1994, clinical data from 16 Italian centers were collected retrospectively and entered in a computerized data base: 517 pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus, 362 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (mean age 28.13 +/- 4.8 years), 130 with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (mean age 33.01 +/- 5.32 years) and 25 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (mean age 32.48 +/- 6.2 years). The percentage of congenital malformations in NIDDM that took oral hypoglycemic drugs was 11.6% respect to 1.4% of NIDDM that did not take hypoglycemic drugs (p < 0.01) and 3.7% of IDDM. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and urine keton bodies were more elevated in IDDM respect to NIDDM (p < 0.005). The percentage of malformations in offspring of NIDDM mothers is higher with respect to that of IDDM women, in spite of a better metabolic control.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Endocrinologia e Malattie del Metabolismo, Università degli Studi, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Botta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents