title: A significant reduction of macrophages expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat hepatic allografts pretreated with donor-specific blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A single intravenous injection of donor-specific blood (DST) 7 days before transplantation significantly prolongs survival of hepatic allografts from fully allogeneic ACI(RT1a)-->LEW(RT1(1)) rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of nitric oxide synthesis by macrophages in rat hepatic allografts treated with DST.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated macrophages expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase in animal group I (receiving isografts), group II (hepatic allografts), and group III (hepatic allografts after donor-specific blood).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum nitrite/nitrate, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations increased significantly in group II for 7 days after transplantation but were significantly much lower in groups I and III. Numbers of macrophages immunostained with an anti-macrophage nitric oxide synthase monoclonal antibody and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in liver specimens also were much lower in groups I and III than in group II. In addition, Northern blot analysis demonstrated abundant interleukin-10 mRNA transcripts in the DST-treated hepatic allografts compared to untreated allografts. Double immunostaining revealed anti-macrophage synthase-containing cells, including both ED1+ and ED2+ cells, in liver and spleen as more numerous in group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inducible nitric oxide synthase is suppressed in immunologic unresponsiveness to grafts after donor-specific blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University Medical School, Honjo, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ichiguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyanari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akizuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohshiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D006085:Graft Survival; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat