title: Coexistence of primary antiphospholipid syndrome and protein S deficiency in a Hispanic man with ischemic stroke.
abstract: The primary antiphospholipid syndrome and protein S deficiency are known hypercoagulable states predisposing to ischemic strokes. The pathogenesis of those hypercoagulable states has been independently studied and, recently, interaction between them has been proposed. A 48-year-old Hispanic man had generalized seizures 5 months after the acute onset of a left middle cerebral artery infarct. He had a strong family history of strokes. After evaluation for cardiologic, rheumatologic, hematologic and metabolic etiologies for stroke, anticardiolipin antibodies and protein S deficiency were detected. Cerebral angiography was normal. First degree relatives were evaluated and screened for these conditions. Lupus anticoagulant was detected in a sister who reported a transient hemisensory deficit. None of the relatives studied had clinical or laboratory criteria for collagen vascular diseases. Coexistence of the primary antiphospholipid syndrome and protein S deficiency, two known prothrombotic states, has rarely been reported in Hispanic adults in association with ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Reyes-Iglesias
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goitía
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meléndez
mesh_terms: D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D018455:Protein S Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics