title: Adult attachment and long-term effects in survivors of incest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that adult attachment is related to distress and personality disorders in incest survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female incest survivors recruited from the community participated in a structured interview (Family Attachment Interview; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and completed measures of current functioning (Impact of Event Scale, SCL-10, Beck Depression Inventory) and personality (MCMI-II). Complete data from 92 cases out of the total sample of 112 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses of variance suggested that attachment (as represented by a category) was significantly related to personality structure, with fearful individuals showing more avoidant, self-defeating, and borderline tendencies and preoccupied individuals showing more dependent, self-defeating, and borderline tendencies than secure or dismissing individuals. Results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested that attachment (as represented by four dimensions) was significantly associated with personality structure, depression and distress, and abuse severity with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (intrusive thoughts and avoidance of memories) and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrated the propensity for insecure attachment among incest survivors. Sexual abuse severity and attachment have significant but distinct effects on longterm outcome; abuse characteristics predict classic PTSD symptoms and attachment insecurity predicts distress, depression, and personality disorders above and beyond any effects of abuse severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: B Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Grelling
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kretz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007179:Incest / Q000523:psychology*; D009769:Object Attachment; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors