title: Phenotypic diversity of Pseudoalteromonas citrea from different marine habitats and emendation of the description.
abstract: Four strains of marine, aerobic, agar-decomposing bacteria with one polar flagellum and with DNA G + C contents of 38.9-40.2 mol% were isolated from the Far-Eastern mussels Crenomytilus grayanus and Patinopecten yessoensis. These four strains were identified as Pseudoalteromonas; however, they were phenotypically different from species described previously according to carbon compound utilization tests and the BIOLOG identification system. High agar-decomposing activity was found in two strains, in one of which agarase, alpha-galactosidase, pustulanase and laminarinase had been detected. The level of DNA homology of three of the strains was 70-100%. The fourth isolate was genetically less related to the others (67% DNA relatedness) and phenotypically was more distant from other members of this group; however, all four strains were assigned to a single species genotypically. DNA from the strains isolated from mussels showed 40-45% genetic relatedness with the DNA of Alteromonas atlantica, 8-36% with DNA of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis subsp. haloplanktis, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis subsp. tetraodonis, Pseudoalteromonas undina, Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens and Pseudoalteromonasas carrageenovora, 53% with Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii, 32-48% with marine P. nigrifaciens from mussels and 14-16% with Alteromonas macleodii. The DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the levels of relatedness between the strains isolated and the type strains of Pseudoalteromonas citrea and Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea described recently were significant (95-85%). These results were confirmed by serological data employing polyclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. The strains isolated from mussels were identified as P. citrea. The hybridization data showed that the name P. fuliginea Romanenko et al. 1994 should be recognized as a junior subjective synonym of P. citrea Gauthier 1977. A notable phenotypic diversity of P. citrea which might be a reflection of their ecological habitats is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Let Vladivostoku, Russia. ivep@piboc.marine.su
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kiprianova
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mikhailov
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Levanova
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Garagulya
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gorshkova
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Vysotskii
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000382:microbiology*; D002965:Classification; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005407:Flagella / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006088:Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010641:Phenotype; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D012698:Serologic Tests
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids