title: The Collaborative Randomised Amnioinfusion for Meconium Project (CRAMP): 1. South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labout.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four urban academic hospitals in South Africa. Obstetric surveillance included the use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in most cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women in labour at term with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcervical amnioinfusion of 800 mL saline at 15 mL per minute, followed by a maintenance infusion at 3 mL per minute. The control group received routine care. Blinding of the intervention was not possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caesarean section, meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caesarean section rates were similar (amnioinfusion group 70/167 vs control group 68/159; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.26). The incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome was lower than expected on the basis of previous studies (4/162 vs 6/163; RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.19-2.33). There were no perinatal deaths. There were no significant differences between any of the subsidiary outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study concurred with three previous trials which found no effect of amnioinfusion for meconium-stained amniotic fluid on caesarean section rate, though the pooled data from all identified trials to date show a significant reduction. The findings with respect to meconium aspiration syndrome were inconclusive in this study alone because of the small number of babies affected, but the point estimate of the relative risk was consistent with the finding of a significant reduction in previous studies and with the Zimbabwe arm (CRAMP 2) of this study. Pooled data clearly support the use of amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid to reduce the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hofmeyr
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gülmezoğlu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buchmann
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Howarth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Nikodem
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cronje
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahomed
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008470:Meconium; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013019:South Africa; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride