title: The Collaborative Randomised Amnioinfusion for Meconium Project (CRAMP): 2. Zimbabwe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large urban academic hospital. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring was not used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women in labour at term with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcervical amnioinfusion of 500 mL saline over 30 minutes, then 500 mL at 30 drops per minute. The control group received routine care. Blinding of the intervention was not possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caesarean section, meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in risk for caesarean section in the two groups (amnioinfusion 9.5% vs control 12.3%; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.53-1.32). Meconium aspiration syndrome was significantly less frequent in the amnioinfusion group (3.1% vs 12.8%; RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.48), and there was a trend towards fewer perinatal deaths (1.2% vs 3.6%; RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.11-1.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amnioinfusion is technically feasible in a developing country situation with limited intrapartum facilities. In this study amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with striking improvements in perinatal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Harare Hospital, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mulambo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woelk
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hofmeyr
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gülmezoğlu
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D008470:Meconium; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014504:Urban Health; D015030:Zimbabwe
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride