title: The mechanism of polyamine analog-induced enhancement of cisplatin cytotoxicity in the U-251 MG human malignant glioma cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During the last decade, several polyamine analogs have been developed as antineoplastic agents that replace intracellular polyamines but cannot mimic the biological functions of polyamines related to cell growth. It has been shown that pretreatment of several human brain tumor cell lines with some of these polyamine analogs increases the cytotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP). It has also been established that some of these polyamine analogs affect chromatin organization. In the study reported here we attempted to elucidate the mechanism by which polyamine analog-induced changes in DNA and chromatin structure may increase CDDP cytotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of the nuclei and measured the amount of platinum incorporated into the nucleosomal and linker regions of chromatin isolated from CDDP-treated U-251 MG human malignant brain tumor cells with or without pretreatment with two cytotoxic polyamine analogs 1,11-bis(ethylamino)-4,8-diazaundecane (BE-3-3-3) and 1,19-bis(ethylamino)-5,10,15-diazanonadecane (BE-4-4-4-4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pretreatment with the polyamine analogs decreased the MNase sensitivity and increased the incorporation of CDDP preferentially into the linker region of the chromatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment of cells with polyamine analogs probably alters the structure and/or the organization of the linker region such that more CDDP incorporates into the linker DNA. This is probably the reason for the observed enhancement of CDDP cytotoxicity in the polyamine analog-pretreated cells.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janumpalli
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011073:Polyamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011073:Polyamines; D002945:Cisplatin