title: Ischemic preconditioning: effects on pH, Na and Ca in newborn rabbit hearts during Ischemia/Reperfusion.
abstract: In adult hearts, ischemic preconditioning (PC) has been shown to decrease ischemia-induced changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and [Ca] ([Ca]i) and decrease associated injury. These results are consistent with the interpretation that PC decreases the stimulus for Na uptake via Na/H exchange, thereby decreasing intracellular Na (Nai) accumulation, and thus decreasing the change in force driving Na/Ca exchange, which otherwise contributes to ischemia-induced increases in [Ca]i. Given documented age-related differences in myocardial responses to ischemia, we tested the hypothesis that in newborn hearts, PC will diminish intracellular [H], Nai, and [Ca]i during ischemia/reperfusion. NMR was used to measure pHi, Nai, [Ca]i, ATP, and PCr in isolated newborn (4-7 days) rabbit hearts Langendorff-perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution equilibrated with 95% O2/5% CO2 at 36+/-1 degrees C. Control hearts were perfused 30 min before initiating 40 min global ischemia followed by 40 min reperfusion. PC hearts were treated the same except four 5-min intervals of ischemia each followed by 10 min of perfusion which preceded global ischemia. At end ischemia, pHi was higher in PC than control hearts (6.31+/-0.03 v 5.83+/-0.05; P<0.05). Similarly, PC diminished Nai-accumulation during ischemia and reperfusion (P<0.05). Control Nai rose from 16.2+/-2.6 to 108.8+/-10.3 (mEq/kg dry weight) and recovered to 55.2+/-10.1 and the corresponding values for PC hearts were 25.6+/-6.2, 70.0+/-7.9 and 21.9+/-5.2. PC also improved [Ca]i recovery during reperfusion (P<0.05). Control [Ca]i rose from 418+/-43 to 1100+/-78 (nm/l) and recovered to 773+/-63, whereas in PC hearts the values were 382+/-40, 852+/-136 and 371+/-45, respectively. In addition, PC decreased coronary resistance during reperfusion (P<0.05) as reflected by lower perfusion pressures under constant flow conditions (65.9+/-1.5 v 56. 1+/-4.1 mmHg at end of reperfusion). Finally, PC improved recovery of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP-43.8+/-12.0 v 17.2+/-3. 0% of control; P<0.05) and diminished CK release (607+/-245 v 2432+/-639 IU/g dry weight; P<0.05) during reperfusion. The results are consistent with the hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8644, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cala
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D017136:Ion Transport; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium