title: A novel regulatory switch mediated by the FNR-like protein of Lactobacillus casei.
abstract: FNR (regulator for fumarate and nitrate reduction) and CRP (cAMP receptor protein) are global regulators which regulate the transcription of overlapping modulons of target genes in response to anaerobiosis and carbon source in Escherichia coli. An ORF, designated flp because it encodes an FNR-like protein of the FNR-CRP family, has been found in Lactobacillus casei. The product of the flp coding region (FLP) was overproduced in E. coli, purified and crystallized. FLP is a homodimeric protein in which each subunit can form an intramolecular disulphide bond. The isolated protein also contains non-stoichiometric amounts of Cu and Zn. Although the DNA recognition helix of FLP resembles that of FNR, the flp gene failed to complement the anaerobic respiratory deficiency of an fnr mutant when expressed in E. coli and it neither activated nor interfered with transcription from FNR- or CRP-dependent promoters in E. coli. Site-specific DNA binding by oxidized FLP (the form containing intrasubunit disulphide bonds) was abolished by reduction. The interconversion between disulphide and dithiol forms thus provides the basis for a novel redox-mediated transcriptional switch. Two non-identical FLP-binding sites, distinct from FNR- and CRP-binding sites, were identified in the meIR region of E. coli by gel-retardation analysis. A further eight FLP-binding sites were selected from a random library. A synthetic oligonucleotide conforming to a putative FLP site consensus, CA/CTGA-N4-TCAG/TG (the most significant bases are underlined), was retarded by FLP. Functional tests showed that FLP represses the aerobic transcription of a semi-synthetic promoter in E. coli. A C5S variant of FLP lacking the ability to form intramolecular disulphide bonds was unable to bind to FLP sites and failed to repress transcription in vivo.
authors.affiliation: The Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank,Sheffield S10 2TN,UK.
authors.forename: Dominic O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Gostick
authors.affiliation: The Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank,Sheffield S10 2TN,UK.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: The Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank,Sheffield S10 2TN,UK.
authors.forename: Alistair S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Colney Research Park,Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA,UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gasson
authors.affiliation: The Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank,Sheffield S10 2TN,UK.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Guest
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010957:Plasmids; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C060704:FNR protein, E coli; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins