title: Norplant failure: an adolescent case study and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To alert clinicians to risk factors associated with levonorgestrel implant (Norplant; Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA) failures in the adolescent population and discuss alternatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline search of articles pertaining to the use of levonorgestrel implants in the adolescent population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All articles pertaining to the use of levonorgestrel implants in adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levonorgestrel subdermal implants, Norplant, have been successfully used worldwide as contraceptives. Clinical trials suggest that pregnancy rates while using levonorgestrel implants are positively correlated with increased body weight. In addition, pregnancy rates may be higher in women below age 25 years. Finally, patients who report regular menstrual cycles on levonorgestrel implants may be at greater risk for method failure. Consequently, despite its apparent success, levonorgestrel implants have some significant but little-known limitations that should be considered in initial adolescent patient selection, education, and postinsertion medical supervision.
authors.affiliation: Adolescent Health Services, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: O'Mara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel