title: [Effect of external extra-articular ligament plasty on the results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon, a 4 years follow-up].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the functional results obtained when an external extra-articular plasty was added to an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using an autologous bone tendon-bone patellar tendon graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed two consecutive series of 60 and 50 patients operated by the same surgeon for a chronic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, one by reconstruction of the cruciate ligament with a free graft of the patellar tendon supplemented by an external extra-articular plasty made with a quadriceps tendon graft and the second with an isolated free patellar tendon graft. Anterior laxity was measured before and after surgery, by dynamic X-rays and by the Medmetric KT-1000 arthrometer. Functional results were evaluated four years after operation, with the French A.R.P.E.GE score based on sport activity level and intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior laxity was not different before operation in both groups and there was no difference between males and females. Medmetric KT-1000 arthrometer showed the same negative differential laxity immediately after surgery in both groups and the same evolution during the first 4 years, without any significant difference on laxity on the middle aspect of the knee. Radiological results were different. After a 4 years follow-up, anterior laxity did not show significant difference on the medial compartment of the knee (5.3 +/- 2.3 mm and 5.5 +/- 1.7 mm), but there was a significant minor laxity in the lateral compartment for the lateral extra-articular plasty group (11.0 +/- 2.3 mm against 14.8 +/- 3.8 mm)(p = 0.002). Functional results and sport activity were similar in both groups. Examination showed 4 positive pivot shift tests (2 "sliding" and 2 positive) in the group with extra-articular plasty, even though 8 positive pivot shift tests in the isolated ACL group (5 "sliding" and 3 positive) were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, as well as five others studies found in literature, was not randomized. In all these series, the surgical techniques, the rehabilitation programs and the functional score evaluation were too different to allow any pertinent comparison. Extra-articular plasty helps to control the laxity of the lateral compartment of the knee which is incompletely controlled by ACL reconstruction, particularly in chronic cases. This is proved by radiological measurements and pivot shift tests. Jensen in 1983, about 205 patients with a 4 year follow-up and Noyes, which used an allograft patellar tendon, found an advantage to do extra-articular plasty. But Strum (in 1989), as O'Brien (in 1991) and Roth (in 1987), did not found any advantage with extra-articular plasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is therefore obvious, after a four-year follow-up, that extra-articular supplementation presents an advantage for reconstruction of the ACL. by a free graft of the patellar tendon in chronic cases. Further randomized study will confirm that isolated ACL reconstruction is possible in some well defined categories of anterior laxity.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport., Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lerat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandrino
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Besse
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moyen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunet-Guedj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
vernacular_title: Influence d'une ligamentoplastie extra-articulaire externe sur les résultats de la reconstruction du ligament croisé antérieur avec le tendon rotulien, avec quatre ans de recul.