title: Facilitatory effects of chronically administered citicoline on learning and memory processes in the dog.
abstract: 1. Citicoline (cytidine (5') diphosphocholine) has been shown to reverse aging-induced memory deficits, scopolamine-induced amnesia and nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesion-induced learning impairment. 2. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of citicoline on learning and retrieval processes in a complex differential reinforcement of response duration schedule in normal dogs. 3. The effects of citicoline on a stabilized performance were also measured in order to be able to differentiate specific memory effects from non specific influences on the motor, neuro-vegetative and motivational systems. 4. The results demonstrate that citicoline can exert facilitatory effects on learning and memory but also on retrieval processes. The complete absence of effects on the stabilized performance and on the motor, neuro-vegetative and motivational systems constitutes arguments in favour of a selectivity of action on the memory processes.
authors.affiliation: Therabel Research S.A., Research Development and Biostatistics, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruhwyler
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liégeois
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Géczy
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline