title: Self-rated health and diabetes of long duration. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the self-reported quality of life in individuals with diabetes of long duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  An interview was administered 14 years after baseline to two cohorts of individuals with diabetes who have been followed in an epidemiological study periodically since 1980. Responses to the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 as related to complications of diabetes, age, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and other characteristics were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical function, physical role, general health scales, and a general question about health were related to diabetes characteristics in older- and younger-onset individuals. Symptoms of sensory neuropathy were associated with the four measures in both younger- (n = 645) and older-onset (n = 292) individuals. Other descriptive variables in the younger-onset group were the presence of nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, smoking, peak expiratory flow, physical activity, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Hypoglycemic reactions were of only borderline significance and that for only one scale (physical role). In older-onset individuals, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and sex were descriptive of responses to the quality-of-life questions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors related to diabetes contribute to self-assessed health. some of these factors may be modifiable, which, if altered, may lead to improved quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin