title: 'Cloze' procedure refined and modified. 'Modified Cloze', 'reverse Cloze' and the use of predictability as a measure of communication problems in psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  'Cloze' procedure assesses the predictability of text by deleting words at set intervals and having a panel of raters fill the blanks. Two refinements to the procedure are described: 'modified Cloze' and 'reverse Cloze', the latter examining the subject's ability to interpret a partial transcript.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of speech were obtained from patients with schizophrenia, manic-depression and orthopaedic disorders using a standard prompt, and the output analysed using modified Cloze. In addition, subjects completed a reverse Cloze passage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both modified Cloze and reverse Cloze discriminated the performance of patient groups, with patients with schizophrenia performing worst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These techniques extend earlier findings suggesting reduced predictability in psychotic speech, particularly for patients with schizophrenia. The reverse Cloze procedure suggests a 'mirror-image' deficit and is a potential objective index of psychopathology that is much simpler to apply than traditional Cloze.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Newby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*