title: Expression of CDR1, a multidrug resistance gene of Candida albicans: transcriptional activation by heat shock, drugs and human steroid hormones.
abstract: We have examined the expression of CDR1 (Candida drug resistance gene) in different stress conditions. There was a significant but transient enhancement of CDR1 expression associated with elevated temperatures. Most noteworthy transcriptional activation was observed with miconazole and vinblastine. Interestingly, beta-estradiol and progesterone were also able to enhance CDR1 expression. Elevated levels of CDR1 and CDR2 (a homologue of CDR1) mRNA were found in some azole-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. CaMDR1 (benomyl-resistant) expression, however, did not differ among all the resistant isolates. Our results confirm the existence of multiple mechanisms of azole resistance in C. albicans.
authors.affiliation: Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Panwar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D019450:Genes, MDR; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008825:Miconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C094693:CDR1 protein, Candida albicans; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D014747:Vinblastine; D008825:Miconazole