Immature dendritic cells selectively replicate macrophagetropic (M-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus type 1, while mature cells efficiently transmit both M- and T-tropic virus to T cells.
Dendritic cells (DCs) can develop from CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). By 6 days in culture, the cells have the characteristics of immature DCs and can be further induced to mature by inflammatory stimuli or by monocyte-conditioned medium. After infection with macrophagetropic (M-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), monocytes and mature DCs show a block in reverse transcription and only form early transcripts that can be amplified with primers for the R/U5 region. In contrast, immature DCs cultured for 6 or 11 days in GM-CSF and IL-4 complete reverse transcription and show a strong signal when LTR/gag primers are used. Blood monocytes and mature DCs do not replicate HIV-1, whereas immature DCs can be productively infected, but only with M-tropic HIV-1. The virus produced by immature DCs readily infects activated T cells. Although mature DCs do not produce virus, these cells transmit both M- and T-tropic virus to T cells. In the cocultures, both DCs and T cells must express functional chemokine coreceptors for viral replication to occur. Therefore, the developmental stage of DCs can influence the interaction of these cells with HIV-1 and influence the extent to which M-tropic and T-tropic virus can replicate.
Granelli-Piperno
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A
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA. piperno@rockvax.rockefeller.edu
Delgado
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E
Finkel
V
V
Paxton
W
W
Steinman
R M
RM
D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication
D019713:Receptors, CCR5