title: Effect of carbamazepine on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam.
abstract: The effect of carbamazepine, an inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam was examined in a double-blind, randomized crossover study with two phases. Seven healthy male subjects took carbamazepine 300 mg/day or matched placebo orally for 10 days, and on the 8th day they took a single oral 0.8 mg dose of alprazolam. Blood samples were taken and psychomotor function was assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Visual Analog Scale, and UKU Side Effect Rating Scale up to 48 h after alprazolam dosing. Carbamazepine significantly (p < .01 to .001) decreased the plasma alprazolam concentrations during the elimination phase. Carbamazepine significantly (p < .001) increased the apparent oral clearance (0.90 +/- 0.21 vs. 2.13 +/- 0.54 ml/min/kg) and shortened the elimination half-life (17.1 +/- 4.9 vs. 7.7 +/- 1.7 h), with no significant effect on the peak plasma concentration (11.7 +/- 1.5 vs. 13.0 +/- 3.5 ng/ml). The majority of psychomotor function parameters during the carbamazepine treatment were not significantly different from those during the placebo treatment, probably because of the sedative effect of carbamazepine itself. The present study suggests that carbamazepine decreases plasma concentration of alprazolam by inducing its metabolism. It also supports the previous studies, suggesting that alprazolam is metabolized predominantly by CYP3A4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000525:Alprazolam