title: Plasma glutathione concentrations in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione (GSH) is the principal intracellular defense against oxidants, and HIV-infected individuals tend to have subnormal concentrations in plasma. This GSH deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease progression. In the pediatric population correlations between GSH concentrations with clinical, immunologic and virologic disease profiles are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objectives of this study were (1) to compare plasma GSH concentrations of HIV-infected children and healthy controls and (2) to correlate GSH values with clinical, immunologic and virologic disease indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four HIV-infected and 24 healthy control children entered the study. Plasma concentrations of total glutathione and related thiols were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in mean plasma GSH concentrations between HIV-infected (2.96 +/- 0.31 microM) and control (6.62 +/- 0.58 microM) groups was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Linear regression analyses in HIV-infected patients revealed significant correlations between GSH and both absolute CD4+ cell counts (r = 0.56, P = 0.004) and viral load measured as log HIV-RNA PCR (r = -0.49, P = 0.018). GSH concentrations did not significantly correlate with CDC clinical stage but were lower in HIV-infected patients with growth failure (1.60 +/- 0.54 microM) vs. non-growth failure (3.23 +/- 0.33 microM); P = 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed that HIV-infected children are deficient in plasma GSH concentrations compared with healthy controls. We documented that low GSH concentrations in HIV-infected children are directly correlated with CD4+ cell counts and inversely correlated with viral loads. These findings support a possible role of GSH in the pathogenesis of HIV disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, USA. J_RODRIGUEZ@RCMAXP.UPR.CLU.EDU
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chantry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Febo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colón
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione