title: Nerve growth factor activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to stimulate CREB serine 133 phosphorylation.
abstract: The mechanisms by which growth factor-induced signals are propagated to the nucleus, leading to the activation of the transcription factor CREB, have been characterized. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was found to activate multiple signaling pathways that mediate the phosphorylation of CREB at the critical regulatory site, serine 133 (Ser-133). NGF activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which in turn activate the pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of Ser/Thr kinases, all three members of which were found to catalyze CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the ERK/RSK pathway, we found that NGF activated the p38 MAPK and its downstream effector, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase 2), resulting in phosphorylation of CREB at Ser-133. Inhibition of either the ERK/RSK or the p38/MAPKAP kinase 2 pathway only partially blocked NGF-induced CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation, suggesting that either pathway alone is sufficient for coupling the NGF signal to CREB activation. However, inhibition of both the ERK/RSK and the p38/MAPKAP kinase 2 pathways completely abolished NGF-induced CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that NGF activates two distinct MAPK pathways, both of which contribute to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB and the activation of immediate-early genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kornhauser
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D019556:COS Cells; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D051381:Rats; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000077214:Becaplermin; D012694:Serine; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases