title: Effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide on expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, and -9 in growth plate chondrocyte cultures.
abstract: The roles of PTH and PTH-related peptide (PTH-rp) in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during endochondral bone formation were investigated, using various cartilages obtained from young rabbits and rabbit chondrocyte cultures. Immunohistochemical, immunoblotting, zymographical, and/or Northern blot analyses showed that MMP-2 and -9 levels were much higher in the growth plate than in permanent cartilage in vivo. In growth plate chondrocyte cultures, PTH, PTH-rp, and (Bu)2cAMP increased the amount of MMP-2 present in the culture medium, as revealed by zymograms and immunoblots, whereas the other tested growth factors or cytokines, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 and interleukin-1, did not increase the MMP-2 level. PTH also increased the MMP-2 messenger RNA level within 24 h. In addition, PTH increased MMP-3 and -9 levels in the growth plate chondrocyte cultures. However, in articular chondrocyte cultures, PTH had little effect on the levels of MMP-2, -3, and -9. In contrast to PTH, interleukin-1 induced MMP-3 and -9, but not MMP-2, in growth plate and articular chondrocytes. These findings suggest that in ossifying cartilage, PTH/PTH-rp plays a pivotal role in the induction of various MMPs, including MMP-2 (which is considered to be a constitutive enzyme), and that PTH/PTH-rp is involved in the control of cartilage-matrix degradation during endochondral bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima-Ohya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satakeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuruta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noshiro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017364:Collagenases; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9