title: Comparison of objective methods for quantifying the refractive effect of photo-astigmatic refractive keratectomy using the MEL-60 excimer laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the accuracy and precision of automated keratometry, automated refractometry, and computerized corneal topography in estimating the subjective refractive outcome of photo-astigmatic refractive keratectomy six months postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photo-astigmatic refractive keratectomy (Aesculap-Meditec, MEL-60 Excimer Laser) was performed on 26 eyes with a preoperative myopia ranging from -4.0 to 7.6 dioptres, and a naturally occurring astigmatism from 0.75 to 5.0 dioptres. Six months postoperatively refractive outcome was evaluated by automated keratometry, automated refractometry (Nikon NRK-8000), computerized topography (TMS-1), and subjective refraction. Estimate errors were computed as the difference between the change in subjective refraction and the change in automated keratometry, automated refractometry, and surface topography, respectively. Astigmatic changes were evaluated by the second harmonic component in the Fourier series analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective spherical as well as cylindrical values were reduced significantly six months postoperatively. The estimate error (mean +/- one standard deviation) for automated keratometry was -1.26 +/- 0.72 dioptres for the spherical equivalent and -1.36 +/- 1.02 dioptres for the cylinder; for automated refractometry it was -0.78 +/- 0.91 dioptres for the spherical equivalent and -0.66 +/- 0.92 dioptres for the cylinder. The best estimates of subjective changes were obtained when the average of ring 2 and 3 of the topographic data was used: -0.15 +/- 0.82 dioptres for the spherical equivalent and -0.78 +/- 0.80 dioptres for the cylinder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computerized topographer with the Fourier analysis was superior to automated keratometry and automated refractometry in estimating the subjective spherical refractive outcome and comparable to automated refractometry in estimating the subjective cylinder refractive outcome after photo-astigmatic refractive keratectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Arhus University Hospital, Arhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hjortdal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ehlers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome