title: The whiplash syndrome: a psychophysiological and neuropsychological study towards attention.
abstract: Whiplash patients often have physical, psychosomatic and cognitive complaints, although clear neurological and neuropsychological signs of damage are absent. However, in some studies a functional loss of attention was found. In order to compare attentional dysfunctions in whiplash patients with age-matched controls, attention was measured neuropsychologically with the aid of the PASAT, and psychophysiologically with the aid of the prepulse inhibition paradigm. In addition, the reactivity for intense acoustic stimulation was investigated. The POMS and the SCL-90 were used to evaluate psychological and somatic signs. The results showed that whiplash patients (n=24) had lower scores on the PASAT and higher scores on the questionnaires compared to healthy controls (n=21). However, no group differences could be determined on the psychophysiological variables. Furthermore, the PASAT and prepulse inhibition data did not correlate. The lower PASAT scores indicate that whiplash patients seem to have deteriorated divided attention, but an attention deficit as measured with the prepulse inhibition paradigm is not disclosed. Finally, there were no signs of a heightened reactivity of the auditory system, which casts doubts on a presumed heightened sensitivity for sound in whiplash patients.
authors.affiliation: NICI, Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keyser
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: van Luijtelaar
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000150:complications; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology*; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis