title: Buthionine sulphoximine alone and in combination with melphalan (L-PAM) is highly cytotoxic for human neuroblastoma cell lines.
abstract: Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) selectively inhibits glutathione (GSH) synthesis and may enhance the antineuroblastoma activity of melphalan (L-PAM). We determined the cytotoxicity of BSO (dose range 0-1000 microM) alone and in combination with L-PAM (dose range 0-0 microM) in a panel of 18 human neuroblastoma cell lines. BSO alone was highly cytotoxic with 16/18 neuroblastoma cell lines having IC90 values (range 2.1- > 1000 microM) below the clinically achievable steady-state plasma level of 500 microM BSO. Maximal cell killing correlated with GSH levels decreased to less than 10% baseline, and was partially reversed by the addition of exogenous anti-oxidants (GSH, vitamin E and ascorbate). Fluorocytometric analysis of DNA fragments by the Tunnel method detected 92% of a BSO sensitive cell line in apoptosis after a 48 h exposure to 500 microM BSO. The combination of L-PAM and BSO synergistically enhanced the cell killing of L-PAM alone by > 1-3 logs (combination index < 1). We conclude that BSO has significant single-agent cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma and enhances cell killing when combined with L-PAM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Childrens Hospital Los Angles, California 90027, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008558:Melphalan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione; D008558:Melphalan