title: Ophthalmologic aspects of thyroid-related orbitopathy.
abstract: This article explores many of the ophthalmologic aspects of thyroid-related orbitopathy. The eight main areas of clinical concern--ocular comfort, optic nerve function, exophthalmos, eyelid position, diplopia, cosmesis, soft-tissue signs, and psychologic factors--are discussed so that practitioners may be more secure in dealing with these areas and in helping patients to be more comfortable both physically and psychologically.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gladstone
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*