title: Long-term treatment with the dual antithromboxane agent picotamide decreases microalbuminuria in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: Picotamide both inhibits thromboxane synthetase and acts as a thromboxane antagonist at the receptor level. We investigated the long-term effect of picotamide on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) at rest and induced by exercise in 30 type 2 diabetic patients who were normotensive and had microalbuminuria while at rest. The subjects of our study had a mean age of 52.5 +/- 1.6 years, BMI of 28.5 +/- 0.7 kg/m2, diabetes duration of 9.1 +/- 1.8 years, and HbA1c of 7.0 +/- 0.8%. The study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The patients were randomly allocated to receive for 1 year either picotamide, 300 mg, 3 tablets/day, or placebo, 3 tablets/day. The patients were asked to visit our outpatient clinic after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. At all times, blood pressure, microalbuminuria at rest, blood glucose, serum creatinine, serum picotamide, and creatinine clearance were measured; at baseline and after 6 and 12 months, all patients underwent submaximal physical exercise. After 6 months of picotamide, baseline and exercise-induced microalbuminuria were significantly decreased (up to one-third) as compared with the baseline and placebo level, with no further drops at month 12 of picotamide treatment. On placebo treatment, UAE at rest and after exercise was slightly increased compared with baseline values. The effects of picotamide occurred without significant side effects or changes in either blood pressure levels or glycometabolic control. Our study is the first long-term intervention trial in type 2 diabetes showing that an antithromboxane agent is able to decrease microalbuminuria, which in this disease is a dual marker of macro- and microangiopathy. Our findings suggest an important role for thromboxane in the pathophysiology of microalbuminuria in diabetes; moreover, we hypothesize that antithromboxane agents may have a place in the treatment/prevention of both macro- and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy. giustina@master.cci.unibs.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giustina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desenzani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bossoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ianniello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davì
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romanelli
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013929:Thromboxane B2; C011581:picotamide