title: [Epidemiological characterization of meningococcal disease in a metropolitan area in Southeastern Brazil, 1976-1994].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meningococcal disease continues to warrant assessment as to its endemic and epidemic multicausality and temporal trends in various locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on a standardization of epidemiological investigation of meningococcal disease in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro county, Southeastern Brazil, as from epidemic of the 1970s a study to characterized the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, was realized. The total of 4,155 cases reported between 1976 and 1994 were analyzed in a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study, using the epidemiological investigation forms issued by the Municipal Health Secretariat. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi 2, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study resulted in the definition of three periods, classified as post-epidemic (1976-79), endemic (1980-86), and epidemic (1987-94), differentiated by the incidence rates and the predominant meningococcal serogroup. The mean incidence rates per period in the municipality were 3.51, 1.67, and 6.53 cases/ 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Serogroups A and C predominated during the post-epidemic period, B and A in the endemic, and B in the epidemic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean case fatality rate remained virtually unchanged over time, but it varied by hospital, and during all three periods was lower in the State government reference hospital than in the other hospitals, whether public or private. The highest incidence and case fatality rates were associated with patients under one year of age, and the risk of acquiring the disease was greater among males. The highest incidence coefficients tended to occur in the same areas of the county during the three epidemiological periods, and the shanty-town population was at twice the risk of acquiring the disease.
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. granado@ensp.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gama
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Marzochi
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: da Siveira Filho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
vernacular_title: Caracterização epidemiológica da doença meningocócica na área metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1976 a 1994.