title: Nifedipine and verapamil inhibit the sigmoid colon myoelectric response to eating in healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Constipation is not an infrequent side effect complained of by patients taking calcium channel blockers. This effect may reduce patients' compliance and yield potentially serious consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms for constipation caused by such compounds are not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of nifedipine and verapamil on the sigmoid myoelectric response to eating, a physiologic test of colonic motor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy male volunteers with no previous abdominal surgery were recruited for the study and underwent three paired studies at two-week intervals. Myoelectric sigmoid activity was recorded by means of two clip electrodes introduced within the viscus without preparation for 30 minutes basally and 90 minutes postprandially. Each study was preceded by placebo, nifedipine (20 mg), or verapamil (120 mg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the tracings revealed that nifedipine strongly inhibited the sigmoid myoelectric response to the meal. This response was also significantly reduced in those taking verapamil compared with the placebo group, although to a much lesser extent than in those taking nifedipine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that constipation as a result of some calcium channel blockers may be caused by inhibition of colonic motor activity by nifedipine and, to a lesser extent, by verapamil. The latter compound probably displays other mechanisms (reduced colonic transit, increased water absorption) also responsible for this side effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bassotti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calcara
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Annese
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiorella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roselli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000502:physiology*; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating / Q000187:drug effects*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D014700:Verapamil / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil; D009543:Nifedipine