title: Chorioretinal venous anastomoses: effect of different laser methods and energy in human eyes without vein occlusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed to determine the laser energy required to rupture both Bruch's membrane and retinal veins reliably in order to create a venous chorioretinal anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A histological examination was conducted of argon green and YAG laser applications to the retina made prior to enucleation in eight eyes with large intraocular melanomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Argon laser application of 50 microns in size and 0.1 s duration to intervascular areas of the retina will reliably rupture Bruch's membrane at a power level of at least 1.5 W. If the argon laser spot is placed overlying a retinal vein, a power level of up to 2.5-3.0 W will rupture Bruch's membrane in 60%, with only 34% of the retinal veins showing evidence of rupture. The YAG laser with power levels of 3-4 mJ will reliably rupture the retinal vein in cases where it has not previously been ruptured by the argon laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When attempting to create a chorioretinal venous anastomosis in an eye with a non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion, Bruch's membrane should be ruptured first by placing the argon laser application at the side of the retinal vein before an attempt to rupture the retinal vein itself is made in case haemorrhage from the ruptured vein obscures the view. A power level of at least 2.5 W should be used. If the argon laser is unsuccessful in rupturing the retinal vein, a YAG laser (3-4 mJ) is effective.
authors.affiliation: Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayasekaran
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Constable
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D016570:Bruch Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000601:surgery*; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications