title: Strabismus in premature infants in the first year of life. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the 3- and 12-month strabismus data from 3030 premature infants with birth weights less than 1251 g enrolled in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 3- and 12-month examinations conducted at 23 regional study centers were tabulated for all infants. The main outcome measure, ocular motility, was compared with baseline demographic variables and retinopathy of prematurity severity for the worse eye. Findings at 3 months were compared with the incidence of strabismus at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 months, 200 (6.6%) of the 3030 infants were strabismic. In the 2449 infants examined at both time points, 289 (11.8%) were found to have strabismus at 12 months. Retinopathy of prematurity was significant for strabismus at both 3 and 12 months (P<.001). The presence of strabismus at 3 months was found to be a highly significant predictor of strabismus at 12 months. Anisometropia, abnormal fixation, and unfavorable retinal structure also were significant predictors of strabismus at 1 year. The total prevalence of strabismus in the first year of life was 14.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity places the premature infant at increased risk for strabismus.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43205, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fellows
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D017679:Cryotherapy; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology