title: [Visual field examination in limited patient cooperation].
abstract: Objective methods to estimate the visual field are necessary, if a conventional subjective perimetry is impossible due to limited cooperation. Objective methods are indicated in infants, handicapped patients, patients with psychogenic visual field loss, and malingerers. An objective estimation of the visual field can be performed by means of pupillary light reflexes, voluntary and involuntary eye movements, and visual evoked potentials. Systematically false responses contain useful information regarding the proof of misrepresentations. The reproducibility of visual field defects can be checked by testing at different distances from the screen. This article reports on handy methods requiring no large-scale equipment.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik für Schielbehandlung und Neuroophthalmologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gräf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000523:psychology; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000523:psychology*; D014794:Visual Fields; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*
vernacular_title: Gesichtsfeldprüfung bei eingeschränkter Kooperation.