The biology of estrogen-mediated repair of cardiovascular injury.
Women appear to be protected from cardiovascular disease until the onset of menopause. Considerable evidence supports the atheroprotective effects of endogenous and supplemental estrogens. The beneficial effects of estrogens on lipid metabolism cannot wholly explain this phenomenon. Accumulating data suggest that estrogen may act at the cellular and molecular level to influence atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to examine lipid-independent mechanisms of estrogen-mediated atheroprotection after cardiovascular injury.
Selzman
C H
CH
Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. selzmanvc@defiance.uchsc.edu
Whitehill
T A
TA
Shames
B D
BD
Pulido
E J
EJ
Cain
B S
BS
Harken
A H
AH
Cain
B C
BC
D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D004967:Estrogens; D006133:Growth Substances; D011453:Prostaglandins; D009569:Nitric Oxide