title: The chemical protecting group concept applied in crosslinking of natural tissues with glutaraldehyde acetals.
abstract: This work describes the results of the controlled crosslinking of collagen matrices by glutaraldehyde based on a double protection strategy, glutaraldehyde acetals and lysine protonation due to the acidic conditions of acetal formation. Materials crosslinked by this approach were characterized by thermal stability comparable to those obtained by conventional procedures with mechanical properties expected for bioprosthesis manufacture and with a higher stability toward collagenase hydrolysis. The integrity of the microfibrillar structure was confirmed by optical and scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicate that the glutaraldehyde acetals procedure may be of potential use for the crosslinking of bovine pericardium used in the manufacture of bioprosthetic devices. Advantages may be related to the production of materials with homogeneous crosslinking distributions, associated with better definition in the nature of the chemical link that they introduce, due to a better distribution of glutaraldehyde within the tissue matrix before the crosslinking reaction is allowed to occur. As a result, materials with improved biological and mechanical properties are expected.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goissis
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Braile
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Ramirez
mesh_terms: D000080:Acetals / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D010496:Pericardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000080:Acetals; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003094:Collagen; D008239:Lysine; D005976:Glutaral