title: Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer. Surgical considerations for local excision.
abstract: The principles involved in selecting patients for local excision of rectal cancers, as well as the various techniques and principles for local resection, are detailed in this article. The assessment of the current role of this technique awaits further maturation of data from phase II clinical trials. The addition of chemotherapy and radiation therapy may allow treatment of more advanced rectal cancers by these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008866:Microsurgery; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D010502:Perineum / Q000601:surgery; D011351:Proctoscopy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery