title: Long-term progression in chronic manganism: ten years of follow-up.
abstract: We studied the long-term clinical course of five patients with chronic manganese intoxication. The mean scores of the King's College Hospital Rating Scale for Parkinson's disease increased from 15.0 +/- 4.2 in 1987 to 28.3 +/- 6.70 in 1991 and then to 38.1 +/- 12.9 in 1995. The deterioration was most prominent in gait, rigidity, speed of foot tapping, and writing. Tissue concentrations of manganese in blood, urine, scalp hair, and pubic hair returned to normal. Follow-up MRIs did not show paramagnetic high-signal intensity on T1-weighted images. The data indicate that clinical progression in patients with manganese parkinsonism continues even 10 years after cessation of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Calne
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D020149:Manganese Poisoning; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese