title: Vascular complications of liver transplantation: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate use of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in detection of vascular complications of liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen liver transplant recipients suspected to have vascular complications were evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography by using a three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo breath-hold technique during the arterial and venous phases of a high-dose (42 mL) bolus injection of gadolinium contrast material. Conventional angiography (n = 11) and surgery (n = 3) were used as the standard of reference. The transplant hepatic artery, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava (IVC) were evaluated for thrombosis or stenosis by two radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten vascular complications were identified with conventional angiography or surgery: transplant hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 3) or stenosis (n = 3), portal vein stenosis (n = 1) or occlusion (n = 2), and suprahepatic IVC stenosis (n = 1). All 10 complications were correctly diagnosed with MR angiography. There was agreement between results of MR angiography and conventional angiography or surgery in 58 of 62 vessels evaluated (94%). There was minor disagreement in four vessels (6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography may have the potential to enable accurate diagnosis of vascular complications of liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0030, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Stafford-Johnson
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Turcotte
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA