title: Diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections: what we have and what would be nice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the various methods used to diagnose lower respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of literature with appropriate references to various techniques proposed to diagnose pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compare and contrast different proposed approaches to diagnose pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronchoscopic techniques appear more clear cut for certain nonbacterial pathogens. Their role in immunocompromised patients is more clear cut, while in the nonimmunocompromised patient, invasive diagnostic techniques probably provide a higher certainty of the final diagnosis of the patient. Recent interest has focused on nonbronchoscopic techniques for the mechanically ventilated patient. None of these techniques has been demonstrated to change clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection has to be tailored for the individual patient. Decision about which procedure to do is influenced by the patient's underlying immune status, level of illness, and response to empiric therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Conrado
mesh_terms: D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity