title: The effects of body composition changes to observed improvements in cardiopulmonary parameters after exercise training with cardiac rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discriminate the effects of body fat reduction on improvements in peak aerobic capacity made following exercise training during cardiac rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient cardiovascular health center at regional academic center. PATIENT INTERVENTIONS: Peak oxygen uptake (pkVO2), percent body fat, lean body mass (LBM), and other anthropometric measures were assessed before and after a 3-month program of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training in 500 consecutive cardiac patients following a major coronary event. Baseline pkVO2 was corrected for LBM (pk/VO2 lean) and compared with posttraining values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following exercise training, percent body fat decreased 5% from 26.2+/-8.0 to 24.8+/-7.5 (p<0.0001), and LBM increased 1% from 61.3+/-12.5 to 61.7+/-11.8 kg (p=0.02). pk/VO2 increased 16% from 16.0+/-4.1 to 18.5+/-4.8 mL/kg/min (p<0.0001), and pkVO2 lean increased 13% from 21.7+/-5.3 to 24.6+/-6.0 mL/kg/min (p<0.0001). Isolating the effects of reduction in body fat, we discern that these changes contributed to 0.3 of the 2.5 mL/kg/min increase in pkVO2 or 12% of the increase in pkVO2 observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in body composition, as a consequence of dietary and exercise modification, contribute to 12% of the "observed" improvement noted in weight-adjusted peak aerobic capacity following cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training. Changes in pkVO2 lean should be used by investigators to assess the singular effects of exercise conditioning alone.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001823:Body Composition; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015431:Weight Loss