title: Percutaneous CT-guided catheter drainage of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis: techniques and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper was to assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage for initial treatment of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis shown with contrast-enhanced CT were treated for sepsis with percutaneous catheter drainage. Extent of necrosis was less than 30% in 10 cases, 30-50% in 10 cases, and greater than 50% in 14 cases. Fourteen patients had central necrosis. Eighteen patients were critically ill with multiorgan failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen (47%) of the 34 patients were cured with only percutaneous catheter drainage, including four (29%) of the 14 patients with central gland necrosis and 12 (60%) of the 20 with body-tail necrosis. Sepsis was controlled (defervescence of fever and return of WBC to normal) in an additional nine patients, allowing elective pancreatic surgery for control of pancreatic duct fistula. Eight patients failed to show clinical improvement after drainage and required necrosectomy. No patient experienced catheter-related complications. Mortality was 12% (all four deaths occurred after necrosectomy because of multiorgan failure).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous catheter drainage is a safe and effective technique for treating infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Overall, sepsis was controlled in 74% of patients, permitting elective surgery for treatment of pancreatic fistula, and 47% of patients were cured with no surgery required. No catheter-related complications occurred.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Freeny
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hauptmann
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Althaus
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Traverso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinanan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed