title: Prevention of ischemic preconditioning only by combined inhibition of protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase in pigs.
abstract: In rabbits, inhibition of either protein kinase C or protein tyrosine kinase abolishes the infarct size reduction achieved by ischemic preconditioning. In pigs, however, inhibition of protein kinase C does not attenuate ischemic preconditioning. The present study tested whether inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase alone or in combination with inhibition of protein kinase C interferes with ischemic preconditioning in pigs. In 29 enflurane-anesthetized pigs, the LAD was cannulated and perfused from an extracorporeal circuit. Protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C were inhibited by continuous intracoronary infusion of genistein (5x10(-6) mol/l) and staurosporine (10(-7) mol/l), respectively. Subendocardial blood flow (ENDO) was measured with microspheres. Infarct size was analysed by TTC staining (% of LV area at risk) following 90 min low-flow ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. In the presence of genistein, 90 min ischemia at an ENDO of 0.06+/-0.01 (+/-s.e.m.) ml/min/g resulted in an infarct size of 16.7+/-4.2% (n=8). With genistein, ischemic preconditioning by 10 min ischemia and 15 min reperfusion still reduced infarct size to 6.5+/-2.7% (ENDO: 0.05+/-0. 01 ml/min/g, n=7, P<0.05). In the presence of both genistein and staurosporine, infarct size following 90 min ischemia was 14.1+/-3. 6% (ENDO: 0.06+/-0.01 ml/min/g, n=7). With genistein and staurosporine, ischemic preconditioning no longer reduced infarct size significantly (11.5+/-3.1%, ENDO: 0.06+/-0.01 ml/min/g, n=7). The effective attenuation of ischemic preconditioning only by simultaneous inhibition of both, protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase, suggests a complex signal cascade involving both protein kinases.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Pathophysiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45122, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vahlhaus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heusch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine