title: Effects of mode and carbohydrate on the granulocyte and monocyte response to intensive, prolonged exercise.
abstract: The influence of exercise mode and 6% carbohydrate (C) vs. placebo (P) beverage ingestion on granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity (GMPOB) after prolonged and intensive exertion was measured in 10 triathletes. The triathletes acted as their own controls and ran or cycled for 2.5 h at approximately 75% maximal O2 uptake, ingesting C or P (4 total sessions, random order, with beverages administered in double-blind fashion). During the 2. 5-h exercise bouts, C or P (4 ml/kg) was ingested every 15 min. Five blood samples were collected (15 min before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1.5, 3, and 6 h after exercise). The pattern of change over time for GMPOB was significantly different between C and P conditions (P </= 0.05), with postexercise values lower during the C trials. Little difference was measured between running and cycling modes. C relative to P ingestion (but not exercise mode) was associated with higher plasma levels of glucose and insulin, lower plasma levels of cortisol and growth hormone, and lower blood neutrophil and monocyte cell counts. These data indicate that C vs. P ingestion is associated with higher plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol response, and lower GMPOB.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science and Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nehlsen-Cannarella
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Fagoaga
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Butterworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D006728:Hormones; D019344:Lactic Acid