title: Determination of leachable components from four commercial dental composites by gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine the quality and quantity of leachable residual (co)monomers and additives eluted from various commercial dental composite resins after polymerization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerized specimens from four universal hybrid-type composite resins were eluted for 3 days with methanol resp, water. Then all extracts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using a particle beam interface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all polymerized composite resin specimens, (co)monomers and various additives as well as contaminants from manufacturing processes were identified. Almost every compound detected in the unpolymerized resins could also be identified in the methanol extracts, but only a few of them were found in the water extracts. From these the co-monomer TEGDMA was extracted in quantities higher than those reported to be cytotoxic in primary human oral fibroblast cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our results we conclude that the extractable quantities of composite resin components should be minimized, either by reducing the mobility of leachable substances within the set material or by applying less water-soluble components. Furthermore, all ingredients of a dental composite should be declared by the manufacturers, in order to identify those substances in a product which may cause adverse side effects in patients and dental personnel.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzikiewicz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Geurtsen
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000032:analysis; D002164:Camphor / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000032:analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006018:Glycols / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010420:Pentanes; D010658:Phenylglyoxal / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D006018:Glycols; D008689:Methacrylates; D010420:Pentanes; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; D014867:Water; C578469:1,5-pentanediol; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C041979:2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D002164:Camphor; C030747:ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate; C030746:4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D010658:Phenylglyoxal; C006697:benzil; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid; D000432:Methanol; C027765:hexamethylene glycol