title: Randomized comparison of rectal misoprostol with Syntometrine for management of third stage of labor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The search for an effective, easily stored, affordable uterotonic agent in preventing postpartum hemorrhage is of importance, especially in the developing world. The objective of this study was to randomly compare the effectiveness of rectal misoprostol with Syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and ninety-one low risk women in labor were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 microgram rectally or Syntometrine 1 ampuole intramuscularly, and postpartum blood loss was estimated as the principal end point. Comparisons were by the chi-square test or Fisher's test and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for categorical data, and the Mann-Whitney test for ranked continuous variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline characteristics in terms of hemoglobin estimation in antenatal clinic, mean age, parity, and duration of labor in the 250 patients who received Syntometrine and 241 patients who received misoprostol were similar. However, there was a significant difference in the pre-delivery blood pressure of the two groups because of the non-protocol exclusion of women with elevated blood pressure allocated to receive Syntometrine. Duration of third stage of labor, blood loss postpartum and hemoglobin estimation post partum were all similar. Postpartum diastolic hypertension was more common in the Syntometrine group (p= 0.002). No other apparent side effect was noted in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misoprostol rectally for management of the third stage of labor merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Natalspruit Hospital and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bamigboye
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Merrell
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hofmeyr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000328:Adult; D004874:Ergonovine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007749:Labor Stage, Third / Q000187:drug effects*; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; C038346:syntometrine; D010121:Oxytocin; D004874:Ergonovine