title: Bedside diagnosis of myocardial ischemia with ST-segment monitoring technology: measurement issues for real-time clinical decision making and trial designs.
abstract: Monitoring of the ST segment is a valuable tool for guiding clinical decision making and evaluating anti-ischemia interventions in clinical trials; however, measurement issues hamper its diagnostic accuracy. This study reports the frequency and type of false positives and other measurement issues we have encountered during 12-lead ST-segment monitoring of patients in a cardiac care unit. Of 292 patients, 117 (40%) had one or more false positive events during an average of 41 hours of ST-segment monitoring, for a total of 506 false positive events. The 506 false positive events included 167 (36%) due to body positional change; 132 (26%) due to sudden increase in QRS complex/ST-segment voltage; 96 (19%) due to transient arrhythmia or pacing; 80 (16%) due to heart rate change in steeply sloped ST-segment contours; 26 (5%) due to a noisy signal; and 5 (1%) due to lead misplacement. It is concluded that many conditions in addition to myocardial ischemia can cause transient ST-segment deviation in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. Accurate ST-segment monitoring requires expertise in electrocardiogram interpretation, an understanding of the patient's clinical situation, and knowledge of the functions and limitations of the ST-segment monitoring system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0610, USA.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wung
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pelter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies