title: Kinase suppressor of Ras inhibits the activation of extracellular ligand-regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by growth factors, activated Ras, and Ras effectors.
abstract: Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) is a loss-of-function allele that suppresses the rough eye phenotype of activated Ras in Drosophila and the multivulval phenotype of activated Ras in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetic and biochemical studies suggest that KSR is a positive regulator of Ras signaling that functions between Ras and Raf or in a pathway parallel to Raf. We examined the effect of mammalian KSR expression on the activation of extracellular ligand-regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in fibroblasts. Ectopic expression of KSR inhibited the activation of ERK MAP kinase by insulin, phorbol ester, or activated alleles of Ras, Raf, and mitogen and extracellular-regulated kinase. Expression of deletion mutants of KSR demonstrated that the KSR kinase domain was necessary and sufficient for the inhibitory effect of KSR on ERK MAP kinase activity. KSR inhibited cell transformation by activated RasVal-12 but had no effect on the ability of RasVal-12 to induce membrane ruffling. These data indicate that KSR is a potent modulator of a signaling pathway essential to normal and oncogenic cell growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joneson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Volle
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Chaika
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bar-Sagi
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004330:Drosophila; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D007328:Insulin; D011494:Protein Kinases; C097199:KSR-1 protein kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482127:Map2k1 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate