title: Is malnutrition overdiagnosed in older hospitalized patients? Association between the soluble interleukin-2 receptor and serum markers of malnutrition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many researchers have speculated that markers of malnutrition such as albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, and transferrin are influenced by inflammation. The mechanism of this interaction has not been well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cross-sectional study. We evaluated 72 male patients older than 60 years admitted to a geriatric rehabilitation unit. Subjects with severe hepatic or renal diseases were excluded. We measured body mass index, caloric intake, serum albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, transferrin, hemoglobin, and total lymphocyte count. To detect inflammation, we measured C-reactive protein, Westergren sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-2, and the soluble IL-2 receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soluble IL-2 receptor was negatively associated with albumin (r = -.479, p < .0001), prealbumin (r = -.520, p = < .0001), cholesterol (r = -.487, p = .0001), transferrin (r = -.455, p = .0002), and hemoglobin (r = -.371, p = .002). TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-2 were not associated with these measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation increases the incidence of hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia, potentially leading to overdiagnosis of malnutrition. We suggest that albumin, cholesterol, prealbumin, and transferrin be used with caution when assessing the nutritional status of older hospitalized patients. In the future, soluble IL-2 receptor levels might be used to correct for the impact of inflammation on these markers of malnutrition.
authors.affiliation: Section of Geriatrics, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: McMurtry
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gheorghiu
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2