title: Cerebral embolism and epileptic seizures--the role of the embolic source.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical outcome of patients with epileptic seizures due to ischemic stroke (IS) of cardiac or artery-to-artery embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seizures due to IS of cardiac or artery-to-artery embolism are differentiated by clinical, neuroimaging and cardiovascular test data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 174 cases with supratentorial IS, 13 patients suffered from epileptic seizures due to cardiac embolism, 11 patients due to artery-to-artery embolism. The patients with cardiac IS showed an equal sex distribution and EEG abnormalities in 6 patients, the initial seizure occurred on average after 222 days (SD, +/-69 days). Among the 11 patients with artery-to-artery embolic IS, there were 9 males and 2 females and EEG abnormalities in 10 patients. The initial seizure occurred on average after 447 days (SD, +/-177 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In seizures due to artery-to-artery embolism, there is a male preponderance and a higher incidence of EEG abnormalities, symptomatic seizures appear later compared to IS due to cardiac embolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Alfried-Krupp-Hospital, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berlit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D002540:Cerebral Cortex; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways; D011379:Prognosis; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution