title: Reduced systemic availability of an antiarrhythmic drug, bidisomide, with meal co-administration: relationship with region-dependent intestinal absorption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to determine the mechanism by which a co-administered meal decreases the oral absorption of bidisomide and does not influence the oral absorption of the chemically-related antiarrhythmic agent, disopyramide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bidisomide plasma levels, following oral administration and intravenous infusion in the fasted state and with various meal treatments, were determined in human subjects. A dialysis technique was employed to examine the potential for drug binding to meal homogenates. Plasma levels, following drug administration through duodenal and jejunal intestinal access ports and following various meal treatments with oral drug co-administration, were compared for bidisomide and disopyramide in a canine model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bidisomide plasma AUC was significantly reduced following oral drug co-administration with breakfast compared to fasted-state controls in human subjects and in dogs independent of the composition of the solid cooked breakfast. While intravenous bidisomide infusion in human subjects showed a statistically significant reduction in AUC 15 minutes after oral administration of a high fat breakfast as compared to drug infusion in the fasted state, the reduction (-13%) was substantially smaller than the reduction (from -43% to -63%) observed with oral bidisomide meal co-administration. The percentages of bidisomide and disopyramide lost by binding to homogenates of cooked breakfast were 25.0 +/- 5.7% and 23.7 +/- 7.7%, respectively, as determined by dialysis at 4 hours. In dogs, the extent of absorption of disopyramide was comparable from oral, duodenal and mid-jejunal administration while the extent of bidisomide absorption from mid-jejunal administration was significantly lower than for oral or duodenal administration. Non-viscous liquid meals decreased Cmax but not AUC, while viscous homogenized solid meals decreased both Cmax and AUC for bidisomide with oral drug-meal co-administration. Oral non-caloric hydroxypropyl methylcellulose meals decreased bidisomide to the same extent as homogenized solid meals but did not lower disopyramide AUC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant reduction in bidisomide plasma levels observed with meal co-administration in human subjects was predominantly mediated through a reduction in drug absorption and was independent of solid meal composition. The difference in meal effect on the absorption of the two drugs in humans did not appear to be a function of drug binding to cooked meal components over typical human upper gastrointestinal residence times. In dogs, the high-viscosity medium generated by oral co-administration of a solid meal reduced the upper intestinal absorption of bidisomide and disopyramide. Bidisomide AUC was decreased since it was well absorbed in the upper but not lower small intestine. Disopyramide AUC was not significantly affected since it was well absorbed from both regions. A similar mechanism may play a role in drug plasma level reductions following oral co-administration with solid meals for drugs showing similar regionally-dependent absorption profiles.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pao
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kararli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirchhoff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Truelove
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fleisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D010880:Piperidines; C061991:bidisomide