title: Visual impairment in Swedish children. III. Diagnoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain an overview of the spectrum of diagnoses among Swedish visually impaired children.
  
  
  METHODS
  An epidemiological study of all known visually impaired children was made by review of medical records.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In all we found 2373 children, 0-19 years of age, with an age-specific prevalence of 10.9/10,000. The two largest diagnostic groups included neuro-ophthalmological and retinal diseases. The most frequent disorders were cerebral visual impairment, non-hereditary optic atrophy, retinal dystrophy (when regarded as a general entity), congenital hypoplasia of the optic nerve and congenital cataract. Nystagmus secondary to brain disorder, albinism, congenital nystagmus, retinopathy of prematurity and high myopia were also found in a considerable number of patients. The leading diagnoses in children with WHO-defined childhood blindness were non-hereditary optic atrophy, cerebral visual impairment and retinopathy of prematurity. A large proportion of the children, especially in the groups with neuro-ophthalmological disorders and malformations of the posterior segment had additional impairments, emphasizing the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach when assessing multi-handicapped children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blohmé
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tornqvist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*