title: Apoptosis in insulin-secreting cells. Evidence for the role of intracellular Ca2+ stores and arachidonic acid metabolism.
abstract: This study investigated the role of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in apoptosis in MIN6 cells, an insulin secreting cell line, and in mouse islets. Thapsigargin, an inhibitor of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA), caused a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in the viability of MIN6 cells and an increase in DNA fragmentation and nuclear chromatin staining changes characteristic of apoptosis. Two structurally distinct SERCA inhibitors, cyclopiazonic acid and 2,5-di-[t-butyl]-1,4-hydroquinone also caused apoptosis, but agents that increased [Ca2+]i by other mechanisms did not induce apoptosis in MIN6 cells. Carbachol- or ionomycin-releasible intracellular Ca2+ stores were completely depleted in cells treated by SERCA inhibitors, but not by other agents that increase [Ca2+]i. The ability of thapsigargin to induce cell death was not affected by blocking Ca2+ influx or by clamping [Ca2+]i with a cytosolic Ca2+ buffer suggesting that the process did not depend on changes in [Ca2+]i per se. However, application of the lipoxygenase inhibitors 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid partially prevented MIN6 cell apoptosis, while exposure of cells to the product of lipoxygenase, 12-hydroxy-[5,8,10,14]-eicosatetraenoic acid, caused apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin did not abolish thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells. Our findings indicate that thapsigargin causes apoptosis in MIN6 cells by depleting intracellular Ca2+ stores and leading to release of intermediate metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dralyuk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostrega
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Philipson
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Polonsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002460:Cell Line; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019284:Thapsigargin; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium