title: Virological and molecular demonstration of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vertical transmission.
abstract: To demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) mother-to-child transmission exists, HIV-2 isolates were obtained from both an asymptomatic mother (HIV-2 strain ARM), and her child (HIV-2 strain SAR), who had a diagnosis of AIDS. To determine their biological phenotype, primary isolates were used to infect various primary mononuclear cells and cell lines. HIV-2 ARM replicates in primary cells and Jurkat-tat, while HIV-2 SAR infects these cells plus SupT1, which led us to classify HIV-2 ARM as a slow/low virus and HIV-2 SAR as having an intermediate (slow/low-3) phenotype. Molecular analysis of the env region corresponding to gp125 was performed. Viral DNA was cloned, sequenced, and used to construct phylogenetic trees. The DNA sequence analysis demonstrated an overall nucleotide diversity of 7.6%. The results present evidence that the child's strain is more virulent than the mother's strain, which is in agreement with the immunodeficiency of the child. The phylogenetic trees that were constructed demonstrate that the two isolates cluster together, being closer to each other than to any other isolate described until now.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavaco-Silva
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Taveira
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosado
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moniz-Pereira
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Santos-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009035:Mothers; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env; D011498:Protein Precursors; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C066316:gp125 envelope protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 2