title: [Phospholipase A2--from basic research to clinical reality].
abstract: Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a group of secretory as well as intracellular enzymes that release phospholipids as an early step in inflammation and play a physiologic role in digestion. In humans, the group of secretory, low-molecular-weight PLA2 (sPLA2) is differentiated from the cytosolic, high-molecular-weight PLA2 (cPLA2). The two known cPLA2 mediate the intracellular response to inflammation by releasing arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Secretory pancreatic PLA2 (sPLA2-I) is a digestive zymogen secreted from pancreatic acinar cells in its inactive form. Activated by trypsin in the duodenum, it is an important digestive enzyme. In acute pancreatitis, circulating sPLA2-I indicates pancreatic injury but is mostly inactive. Synovial-type secretory PLA2 (sPLA2-II), first isolated from synovial fluid of arthritis patients, is increased in inflammation, after surgery or trauma, and in various inflammatory diseases. Unlike sPLA2-I, its catalytic activity is held responsible for mediating the systemic inflammatory reaction and its complications by regulating the synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor. Clinically, sPLA2-II offers new possibilities as an early marker for severe inflammation and predicting systemic complications in severely ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik I, Universität Ulm.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Beger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D018805:Sepsis / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2
vernacular_title: Phospholipase A2--von der Grundlagenforschung zur klinischen Realität.