title: Effects of S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine on contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle.
abstract: The ultimate goal of replantation and microsurgical reconstructive operations is to regain or improve impaired function of the tissue. However, the data related to the influence of NO on tissue function are limited. This study evaluated the effects of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) on contractile function of skeletal muscle during reperfusion. Forty-nine rats were divided into six groups. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in groups I and II were not subjected to ischemia-reperfusion but were treated with a low (100 nmol/min) or high (1 mumol/min) dose of SNAC. In groups III-V, the EDL underwent 3 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion and was also treated with low (100 nmol/min) or high doses (1 or 5 mumol/min) of SNAC. Group VI was a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. Twenty additional animals were used to document systemic effects of SNAC and PBS only. SNAC or PBS was infused for 6.5 h, beginning 30 min before ischemia and continuing throughout the duration of reperfusion. Contractile testing compared the maximal twitch force, isometric tetanic contractile forces, fatigue, and fatigue half time of the experimental EDL and the contralateral nontreated EDL. The findings indicate that 1) SNAC does not influence contractile function of EDL muscle not subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, 2) SNAC significantly protects the contractile function of ischemic skeletal muscle against reperfusion injury in the early reperfusion period, and 3) the protective role of SNAC is critically dosage dependent; protection is lost at higher doses. The conclusion from this study is that supplementation with exogenous NO exerts a protective effect on the tissue against reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Seaber
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Urbaniak
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008933:Mitochondrial Swelling; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; C024940:S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine