title: Subretinal administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator to speed the drainage of subretinal hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleeding into the subretinal space in the vicinity of the macula is associated with age-related macular degeneration or retinal arterial macroaneurysm. The prognosis for restoration of vision is poor in the presence of blood clots.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a simple device composed of three disposable syringes we injected tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) into the subretinal space during conventional vitrectomy in six patients to assist the draining of subretinal clots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of six patients recovered their visual acuity postoperatively, while visual acuity in the other patients was stabilized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early drainage of subretinal hemorrhage assisted by the introduction of tPA into the subretinal space led to uncomplicated surgery and favorable postoperative results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saika
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minamide
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator