title: Congenital defects in newborn foals of mares treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis during pregnancy.
abstract: Three weak, recumbent neonatal foals with skin lesions, including a thin wooly coat, were born to mares being treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Mares received sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, folic acid, and vitamin E orally. Foals were anemic, leukopenic, azotemic, hyponatremic, and hyperkalemic. Serum folate concentrations in the 3 foals and 2 mares were lower than those reported in the literature for clinically normal brood mares. Treatment was unsuccessful. For each foal, necropsy revealed lobulated kidneys with thin cortices and a pale medulla, and the spleen and thymus were small. Histologic examination revealed marked epidermal necrosis without inflammatory cells, thin renal cortices, renal tubular nephrosis, lymphoid aplasia, and bone marrow aplasia and hypoplasia. These observations indicate that oral administration of sulfonamides, 2,4-diaminopyrimidines (pyrimethamine with or without trimethoprim), and folic acid to mares during pregnancy is related to congenital defects in newborn foals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Toribio
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mrad
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hinchcliff
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000002:abnormalities; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000196:embryology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006736:Horses / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000196:embryology; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D014810:Vitamin E; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D005492:Folic Acid; D011739:Pyrimethamine