title: Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand: results of a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and assess the contributions of major risk factors for campylobacteriosis in New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study. Home interviews were conducted over nine months using a standardised questionnaire to assess recent food consumption and other exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four centres in New Zealand with high notification rates of campylobacter infections--Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington, and Christchurch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case patients were 621 people notified between 1 June 1994 and 28 February 1995 as having campylobacter infection. Control subjects were selected randomly from telephone directories, and were matched 1:1 with case patients in relation to sex, age group, and home telephone prefix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of campylobacteriosis was strongly associated with recent consumption of raw or undercooked chicken (matched odds ratio 4.52, 95% confidence interval 2.88, 7.10). There was also an increased risk with chicken eaten in restaurants (matched odds ratio 3.85; 2.52, 5.88). Recent consumption of baked or roasted chicken seemed to be protective. Campylobacteriosis was also associated with recent overseas travel, rainwater as a source of water at home, consumption of raw dairy products, and contact with puppies and cattle, particularly calves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improperly cooked chicken seems to be associated with a large proportion of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand. Thorough cooking of chicken in homes and restaurants could reduce considerably the incidence of this disease.
authors.affiliation: ESR: Communicable Disease Centre, Porirua, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eberhart-Phillips
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rainger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011202:Poultry Products; D012307:Risk Factors; D014195:Travel; D014881:Water Supply