title: The etiology of uveitis: the role of infections with special reference to Lyme borreliosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the distribution of different uveitis entities and to evaluate their associations with infections, especially Lyme borreliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a one-year period 160 consecutive uveitis patients were evaluated in a university clinic. Selected tests were performed depending on the medical history of the patient and the clinical picture of the ocular inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uveitis was classified into selected entities for 74.4% of the patients. A direct infection was suggested to be linked with uveitis in 23 patients (14.4%). Lyme borreliosis, toxoplasmosis, and herpetic infections were the most frequently seen, in seven patients (4.3%) each. All patients with Lyme uveitis had manifestations of the posterior segment of the eye, such as vitritis, retinal vasculitis, neuroretinitis, chorioretinitis, or optic neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infections are an important cause of uveitis in a university clinic. Lyme borreliosis is a newly recognised uveitis entity which should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of intermediate or posterior uveitis in areas endemic for Lyme borreliosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikkilä
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seppälä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leirisalo-Repo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Immonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015796:HLA-B27 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015867:Uveitis, Intermediate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015796:HLA-B27 Antigen