title: Immunologic findings among lead-exposed workers.
abstract: A comprehensive panel of immune parameters was evaluated among 145 lead-exposed workers with a median blood lead level (BLL) of 39 micrograms/dL (range: 15-55 micrograms/dL) and 84 unexposed workers. After adjusting for covariates, we found no major differences in the percentage of CD3+ cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, or NK cells between lead-exposed and unexposed workers, although the association between lead exposure and the number of CD4+ T cells was modified by age. We also found no differences between exposed and unexposed workers in serum immunoglobulin levels, salivary IgA, C3 complement levels, or lymphoproliferative responses. However, among exposed workers, the percentage and number of B cells were positively associated with current BLL, serum IgG was negatively associated with cumulative lead exposure, and the percentage and number of CD4+/CD45RA+ cells were positively associated with cumulative lead exposure. We found no evidence of a marked immunotoxic effect of lead at the exposure levels studied, although some subtle differences in immunologic parameters were noted.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Biagini
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deddens
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Boeniger
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Schnorr
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Luster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007854:Lead