title: Ethics and international research. Placebo trials are unethical for established, untested treatments.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Edi-Osagie
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Edi-Osagie
mesh_terms: D035061:Control Groups; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D038622:Internationality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D037841:Pregnant People; D018570:Risk Assessment