title: Intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune chronic urticaria.
abstract: Histamine releasing autoantibodies play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria (CU) in approximately 30% of affected patients. We investigated the therapeutic effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on disease activity in patients with severe CU of autoimmune aetiology. Autoimmune urticaria was diagnosed by the development of a weal-and-flare reaction to the intradermal injection of autologous serum and by serum-induced histamine release from the basophil leucocytes of healthy donors in vitro. Ten patients with severe, autoimmune CU, poorly responsive to conventional treatment, were treated with IVIG 0.4 g/kg per day for 5 days. The outcome on cutaneous wealing and itch was monitored using urticaria activity scores, visual analogue scales and autologous intradermal serum tests. Clinical benefit was noted in nine of 10 patients: three patients continue in prolonged complete remissions (3 years follow-up), two had temporary complete remissions, and symptoms in four patients improved subsequent to treatment. There was significant improvement in the urticaria activity scores and visual analogue scores at 2 (P < 0.01) and 6 weeks (P < 0.01) post-IVIG compared with the baseline values (Wilcoxon matched pairs). The diminution in urticarial activity in the majority of patients corresponded with a reduced weal-and-flare response to the intradermal injection of autologous post-treatment serum compared with the pretreatment serum. Minor side-effects were common, but there were no serious or long-term adverse effects. IVIG represents a novel therapeutic option in selected patients with recalcitrant CU associated with histamine releasing autoantibodies.
authors.affiliation: St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental School, St Thomas' Hospital, London.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kermani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Greaves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007428:Intradermal Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014581:Urticaria / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous