Immunohistochemical examination of intracerebral T cell recruitment and adhesion molecule induction in herpes simplex virus-infected mice.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the nervous system is tightly controlled by the T-cell-mediated response. This report describes the temporal relationships among HSV-1 infection, intracerebral adhesion molecule induction, and T cell migration in intravitreally inoculated mice. HSV-1 immunoreactivity, initially detected at 3 days, increased in area and intensity in the superior colliculus, oculomotor nucleus, and geniculate through 5 days. By 6 days, HSV-1 was nearly undetectable in the same regions and the mice survive the infection. At the peak of HSV-1 immunoreactivity, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were strongly expressed in all infected brain regions. Additionally, in these region a few CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected. The heaviest T cell migration and adhesion molecule expression occurred at 6 days, coinciding with the decrease in HSV-1 immunoreactivity. However, in SCID and athymic mice, HSV-1 was not cleared from the brain and the mice died. Together, these data suggest that HSV-1 infection of the brain is followed by adhesion molecule induction in and T cell extravasation into the infected brain regions. Most importantly, an efficient T cell response was required to eradicate infectious HSV-1 from the brain.
Lewandowski
G
G
Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. glewandowski@scripps.edu
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018146:Muromegalovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules