title: Evaluation of neutrophil functions after experimental abdominal surgical trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to determine the effect of surgical trauma on neutrophil functions, we set up an experimental abdominal surgical model using rats and analyzed neutrophil functions. In addition, we measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant/growth-regulated oncogene (CINC/GRO) and nitric oxide (NO) production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 weeks old and weighing 250-270 g, underwent laparotomy (4 rats for each experiment). After the operation, neutrophil chemotaxis was assayed using a modified Boyden chamber, and phagocytosis, active oxygen production and adhesion molecule expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. TNF-alpha and CINC/GRO levels were quantified by an immuno-dot-blot assay, and NO levels were measured by the Griess method. At the operation, NO inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA, 40 mg) was intraperitoneally administered, and the effect of L-NMMA was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the surgical trauma (24-48 h), blood neutrophil counts significantly increased (p < 0.001), and neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and active oxygen production were markedly enhanced (p < 0.01). Moreover, up-regulation of Mac-1 and down-regulation of L-selectin on neutrophils were observed (p < 0.05). The levels of TNF-alpha, CINC/GRO and NO increased remarkably in both blood and ascites at 8-48 h after the surgical trauma (p < 0.01): TNF-alpha increased from 194 +/- 9 (the mean +/- SD, n = 4) and 183 +/- 12 pg/ml (preoperation) to 797 +/- 28 and 1045 +/- 137 pg/ml at 24 h in blood and ascites, respectively; CINC/GRO increased from 0.1 +/- 0 and 0.1 +/- 0 ng/ml (pre-operation) to 66.4 +/- 4.5 and 60.3 +/- 17.9 ng/ml at 8 h in blood and ascites, respectively; NO increased from 2.4 +/- 1.0 and 4.2 +/- 1.1 microM (pre-operation) to 11.9 +/- 0.7 and 36.9 +/- 2.1 microM in blood and ascites at 24 h and 48 h in blood and ascites, respectively. Interestingly, L-NMMA treatment significantly reduced the increased levels of TNF-alpha and CINC/GRO and altered the enhanced neutrophil functions (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate that abdominal surgical trauma induces the production of NO, TNF-alpha and CINC/GRO, and enhances neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and active oxygen production. Furthermore, L-NMMA likely modulates the neutrophil functions and the production of TNF-alpha and CINC/GRO after the surgical trauma.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shijo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007813:Laparotomy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen