title: Unusual features of the Drosophila melanogaster telomere transposable element HeT-A are conserved in Drosophila yakuba telomere elements.
abstract: HeT-A was the first transposable element shown to have a bona fide role in chromosome structure, maintenance of telomeres in Drosophila melanogaster. HeT-A has hallmarks of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposable elements but also has several unique features. We have now isolated HeT-A elements from Drosophila yakuba, showing that the retrotransposon mechanism of telomere maintenance predates the separation of D. melanogaster and D. yakuba (5-15 million years ago). HeT-A elements from the two species show significant sequence divergence, yet unusual features seen in HeT-Amel are conserved in HeT-Ayak. In both species, HeT-A elements are found in head-to-tail tandem arrays in telomeric heterochromatin. In both species, nearly half of the HeT-A sequence is noncoding and shows a distinctive imperfect repeat pattern of A-rich segments. Neither element encodes reverse transcriptase. The HeT-Amel promoter appears to be intermediate between the promoters of non-LTR and of LTR retrotransposons. The HeT-Ayak promoter shows similar features. HeT-Amel has a frameshift within the coding region. HeT-Ayak does not require a frameshift but shows conservation of the polypeptide sequence of the frameshifted product of D. melanogaster.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Danilevskaya
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alibhai
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pardue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015683:Gene Products, gag; C103996:HeT-A-gag protein, Drosophila; D019476:Insect Proteins