title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use is associated with decreased bacteremia and increased survival in neutropenic HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutropenia occurs in up to 17% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can reverse HIV-related neutropenia, it is not established that this therapy can reduce bacterial infections and affect survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of 152 neutropenic, HIV-infected patients was performed to determine the therapeutic utility of G-CSF. Medical records of 71 patients who received G-CSF and 81 patients who never received G-CSF, during the years of 1991 to 1994 at Parkland Memorial Hospital, were reviewed for the incidence of bacteremia, G-CSF use, antiretroviral therapy (AR), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis (PCPP), and opportunistic infections (OI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two patient groups had similar baseline characteristics including CD4 count (37 cells/mm3 versus 40 cells/ mm3, P=0.7). Univariate analysis revealed and trend toward decreased rates of all bacteremias in the G-CSF-treated group compared with the controls (0.54 bacteremias/100 patient months versus 2.2 bacteremias/100 patient months, P=0.064) and a marked decrease in the rates of gram-negative rod bacteremias in the G-CSF-treated group compared with the untreated group (0.09 gram-negative rod bacteremias/100 patient months versus 1.7 gram-negative rod bacteremias/100 patient months, P=0.002). In a multivariate analysis, significant decreased risk for bacteremia was found with G-CSF use (odds ratio [OR]=0.15, P=0.02). Survival was longer in patients treated with G-CSF than in the untreated group (median: 397 days versus 165 days). Multivariate analysis using Cox Proportional Hazards Model showed decreased risk of death in patients treated with G-CSF, ARs, PCPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that G-CSF use is associated with decreased bacteremias and is associated with prolonged survival in neutropenic, HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas 75216, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keiser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rademacher
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skiest
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vadde
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000517:prevention & control; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor