title: Diagnosis and clinical management of neurological disorders caused by cytomegalovirus in AIDS patients. European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis.
abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common and severe complications of HIV infection. The virus involves the nervous system, causing encephalitis, polyradiculomyelitis and peripheral neuropathies. Due to their limited sensitivity, traditional virological approaches, such as virus isolation or antigen detection in the CSF are useful only in limited instances, e.g. CMV polyradiculopathy. The aetiological diagnosis of these disorders relies on the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by PCR and quantitative PCR may be important to establish the extent of CNS lesions and to monitor the efficacy of antiviral treatments. CMV is susceptible to various antivirals, including ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir. CMV infections of the nervous system, in particular encephalitis, however, show only a poor response to standard treatments. Drug combination treatments i.e. ganciclovir plus foscarnet, are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cinque
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cleator
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monteyne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sindic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerna
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Klapper
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D017245:Foscarnet; D015774:Ganciclovir