title: TNF-alpha and 9-cis-retinoic acid synergistically induce ICAM-1 expression: evidence for interaction of retinoid receptors with NF-kappa B.
abstract: TNF-alpha and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-R) synergistically enhance ICAM-1 protein expression in immortalized human aortic endothelial cells (HAECTs). At a TNF-alpha concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, 1 microM 9-cis-R enhanced ICAM-1 protein expression 4-fold. Treatment with 1 microM 9-cis-R alone caused no induction of ICAM-1 expression. Functional analysis of human ICAM-1 promoter-luciferase constructs revealed that the synergism was attributable to transcriptional regulation. Expression of a luciferase reporter vector containing a 311-bp fragment of the ICAM-1 promoter (-252 to + 59 bp relative to the transcriptional start site) was increased 2.9- and 4.9-fold by treatment with 9-cis-R and TNF-alpha, respectively, while cotreatment with 9-cis-R and TNF-alpha induced expression to 19.9-fold. Mutation studies revealed that RARE and NF-kappa B sites located respectively at -226 and -188 bp relative to the transcription start site are essential for the synergistic control of promoter activity. Mutation of either the RARE or the NF-kappa B site eliminated the synergistic enhancement of promoter activity. Moreover, mutation of the RARE abrogated promoter activity induced by treatment with TNF-alpha alone and mutation of the NF-kappa B site eliminated promoter activity induced by treatment with 9-cis-R alone. We conclude that retinoid receptors and NF-kappa B act in concert at the promoter level to facilitate ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Health Research Institute, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Winneker
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D008156:Luciferases