title: Visual hallucinations and macular degeneration: an example of the Charles Bonnet syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with any form of visual disturbance, no matter how unusual, often present first to their ophthalmologist. An example of the Charles Bonnet syndrome as a result of bilateral macular degeneration is presented. The significance of early diagnosis is highlighted as reassurance and explanation of the condition seems to be the cornerstone of management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A chronological case history, results of investigations and management are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of Charles Bonnet syndrome should be considered in elderly, cognitively intact patients who present with vivid, elaborate and complex visual hallucinations following ocular pathology. Although there is no universal definition of this entity and there is no specific pharmacotherapy, patients may be referred for counselling.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Department, Armadale Clinic, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadarajah
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D013577:Syndrome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents