title: Acute urticaria in infancy and early childhood: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the clinical, etiological, and prognostic features of acute urticaria in infancy and early childhood and to define its optimal management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study. The inception cohort was collected from April 1, 1992, through March 31, 1994. After initial evaluation, the course of the disease was assessed at 2 months and after 1 to 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency department of a regional teaching pediatric hospital (referral center), which is also the only pediatric hospital for the general community in the city (population, 600,000 inhabitants).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven consecutive infants, aged 1 to 36 months, hospitalized with a final diagnosis of acute urticaria. Follow-up at 1 to 2 years was available in 40 of 57 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral antihistamines (dexchlorpheniramine maleate, terfenadine, or hydroxyzine hydrochloride) for 2 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recurrence and chronicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annular or geographic papules and plaques with hemorrhagic lesions were seen in 28 patients (49% of cases) and angioedema in 34 patients (60% of cases). An underlying cause was suspected or identified in 52 patients (91% of cases). Infection, either associated or not with drug intake, was the cause in 46 patients (81%) and foods were the cause in 6 (11%). Parasitic infestations were noncontributory. Hemorrhagic lesions and association with articular symptoms were statistically more frequent in urticaria caused by infections. Atopy in the patient or family was associated in 33 patients (58% of cases), and particularly atopic dermatitis was associated with urticaria caused by food. At 1- to 2-year follow-up, 12 (30%) of 40 patients surveyed had chronic or recurrent urticaria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Causative factors in urticaria are dominated by benign viral illnesses, often associated with antibiotic drug therapy. In most patients, laboratory investigations are not required. Twenty percent to 30% of cases evolve into chronic or recurrent disease.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mortureux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Léauté-Labrèze
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Legrain-Lifermann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lamireau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarlangue
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taïeb
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists