title: Diabetes and transport: a potentially bittersweet combination.
abstract: These cases represent a portion of the spectrum of medical issues that may be seen in patients with a diagnosis of IDDM. As the first case suggests, knowledge of the disease process and an expanded differential diagnosis is imperative when acting as medical command for these patients. Interfacility transport does not only involve rapid and safe transport between institutions, but must also offer the highest level of expertise available for the referring physician and the patient. For this reason, we recommend the immediate availability of a senior level experienced pediatric physician for involvement in all but the most routine pediatric interfacility transports. Rapid recognition at the time of initial presentation or transport of the correct diagnosis in patient one may have altered potential outcome. Case 2 represents a potential untoward outcome which might be potentiated or exacerbated by the care given during transport. Although this patient's transport time was short, a similar patient may present who needs prolonged transport. The patient might also present to the transport service prior to neurologic deterioration. One must be prepared to intervene for all potential complications as they arise. Case 3 represents a patient whose physical examination suggested more intense therapy was needed than is offered by many DKA protocols. It is important to listen to what the patients are trying to tell us, rather than relying strictly on protocols or guidelines. While protocols or guidelines offer a menu of potential therapies, one must be prepared to vary from these guidelines if suggested by the patient's condition. Recognition of delayed capillary refill in patient 3 allowed for an increase in fluid administration and rapid patient improvement. While not evident with the presented short transports, the use of point of care testing in a transport vehicle can be useful for these types of patients. The opportunity to closely monitor blood chemistry evaluations and gasses can give insight about an ongoing process, suggest therapies, and help direct interventions that, in the past, often waited until the patient arrived at the receiving hospital. That additional information can be invaluable for the ill patient whose outcome may hinge on early recognition of subtle changes with subsequent appropriate interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weinzimer
mesh_terms: D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D014187:Transportation of Patients