title: Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of a new oral suspension of ciprofloxacin in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quinolones are used ever increasingly in pediatrics, although officially they are still contraindicated. Lack of evidence of arthropathic effects in human offspring favors their use, but little is known about the pharmacokinetics of oral or parenteral ciprofloxacin in children, especially those without cystic fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 16 non-cystic fibrosis patients ranging in age from 0.3 to 7.1 years to whom the new suspension formulation of ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg body weight) was given orally three times daily. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were elucidated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ciprofloxacin was rapidly absorbed. The maximum plasma concentrations, with the means varying from 1.7 to 3.6 mg/L, were reached within 1 hour, almost regardless of whether single-dose administration or steady state. The mean oral clearance was lower in children <6 years of age than in those >/=6 years. Terminal half-life values, with the means varying only between 4.2 and 5.1, suggest that dosing recommendations based on body weight are pertinent, although caution should be exercised in small infants. No arthropathic or other adverse events attributable to ciprofloxacin suspension were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dose of the suspension form of ciprofloxacin of 10 mg/kg body weight given orally three times daily seems appropriate in children, provided the drug is clearly indicated.
authors.affiliation: Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ukkonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saxén
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stass
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D013535:Suspensions; D002939:Ciprofloxacin