title: Histographic recording of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein Rev and nuclear factors.
abstract: HeLa cells and HeLa cells expressing the HIV-1 regulatory protein Rev were immunostained for Rev and pre-mRNA processing factors and examined histographically by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Following short pulse-labelling with bromouridine tri-phosphate nascent RNA gave a granular nucleoplasmic staining increasing somewhat towards the periphery as did also the heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) A1 and particularly C1/C2, a distribution pattern which has not been described. The sm-antigen of the small ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) proteins U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 stained the nucleoplasm diffusely in addition to speckles which co-localised with speckles of the non-snRNP splicing factor SC-35. Brominated RNA and the hnRNPs A1 and C1/C2 were to varying degrees excluded from the speckles. Rev concentrated in the nucleolus and often as a perinucleolar ring/zone. Rev also stained the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm without co-localising with the above-mentioned proteins or brominated RNA and was not enriched or excluded in SC-35 speckles. The nucleolar proteins B23 and C23, like Rev, gave primarily a perinucleolar ring and stained the nucleoplasm but did not otherwise co-localise with Rev or with nuclear proteins. Histographic recording of immunofluorescence images proved to be a valuable tool in the study of localisation of HIV-1 Rev and cellular components and of possible co-localisations. A parallel comparison of the subcellular patterns of pre-mRNA processing factors versus major nucleolar antigens is new and suggests that the factors are not strictly separated in the nucleoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gade Institute, University of Bergen, High Technology Center of Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneström
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Szilvay
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kalland
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haukenes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000032:analysis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D014162:Transfection; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015694:Gene Products, rev; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine