title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt protein kinase are necessary and sufficient for the survival of nerve growth factor-dependent sympathetic neurons.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested a role for phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in cell survival, including the survival of neurons. We used rat sympathetic neurons maintained in vitro to characterize the potential survival signals mediated by PI 3-kinase and to test whether the Akt protein kinase, a putative effector of PI 3-kinase, functions during nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated survival. Two PI 3-kinase inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, block NGF-mediated survival of sympathetic neurons. Cell death caused by LY294002 resembles death caused by NGF deprivation in that it is blocked by a caspase inhibitor or a cAMP analog and that it is accompanied by the induction of c-jun, c-fos, and cyclin D1 mRNAs. Treatment of neurons with NGF activates endogenous Akt protein kinase, and LY294002 or wortmannin blocks this activation. Expression of constitutively active Akt or PI 3-kinase in neurons efficiently prevents death after NGF withdrawal. Conversely, expression of dominant negative forms of PI 3-kinase or Akt induces apoptosis in the presence of NGF. These results demonstrate that PI 3-kinase and Akt are both necessary and sufficient for the survival of NGF-dependent sympathetic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Crowder
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017783:Superior Cervical Ganglion / Q000166:cytology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D019938:Cyclin D1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat