title: Air nicotine and saliva cotinine as indicators of workplace passive smoking exposure and risk.
abstract: We model nicotine from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in office air and salivary cotinine in nonsmoking U.S. workers. We estimate that: an average salivary cotinine level of 0.4 ng/ml corresponds to an increased lifetime mortality risk of 1/1000 for lung cancer, and 1/100 for heart disease; > 95% of ETS-exposed office workers exceed OSHA's significant risk level for heart disease mortality, and 60% exceed significant risk for lung cancer mortality; 4000 heart disease deaths and 400 lung cancer deaths occur annually among office workers from passive smoking in the workplace, at the current 28% prevalence of unrestricted smoking in the office workplace.
authors.affiliation: Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. repace@erols.com
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Repace
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jinot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine