title: The prechordal midline of the chondrocranium is defective in Goosecoid-1 mouse mutants.
abstract: Gsc-1 expression marks cells with Spemann organizer, or axis-inducing, activity in the vertebrate gastrula. Gsc-1 knockouts, however, did not display phenotypes related to the early phase of expression. In this paper, additional phenotypes for the Gsc-1 mouse mutant are presented. Examination of the base of the cranium in the dorsal view revealed fusions and deletions in the midline of the prechordal chondrocranium. These defects were correlated with the sites of expression of Gsc-1 in the prechordal plate/foregut endoderm in the day 7.5/8.5 embryo. Gsc-1 expression in proximal limb buds was correlated with malformations of the shoulder and hip articulations. In addition, ribs in the seventh cervical vertebra were observed with low penetrance. The role of Gsc-1 during gastrulation and axial development is discussed in relation to possible compensatory interactions with other genes such as HNF-3beta and the recently identified Gsc-2 and Gsc-3 genes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leyns
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: De Robertis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D051956:Goosecoid Protein; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000098908:Brachyury Protein
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D051956:Goosecoid Protein; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000098908:Brachyury Protein; C497993:Gsc protein, mouse