title: Metabolic control, quality of life, and negative life events: a longitudinal study of well-controlled and poorly regulated patients with type 1 diabetes after changeover to insulin pen treatment.
abstract: In a previous study of a group of 74 patients with Type I diabetes, quality of life was found to be consistently enhanced a year after transition to multiple injection therapy with the insulin pen, whereas metabolic control (HbA1C) only improved moderately. The aim of the present investigation was to examine quality of life, recent life events, and metabolic control longitudinally in this original study group over a 5-year period beginning 1 year after transition to the insulin pen. Multiple analysis of variance with a repeated-measures design was used to analyze the data longitudinally and compare metabolic control in subgroups of well-controlled and poorly regulated patients during the study period. For the group as a whole, quality of life was found to change only moderately, whereas metabolic control deteriorated significantly across time following transition to the insulin pen. The two subgroups exhibited distinct differences, however, in quality of life, recent life events, and metabolic control patterns. These findings are discussed in terms of the clinical suitability of a multiple injection regimen.
authors.affiliation: The University College of Health Sciences, Hospital of Eksjo-Nassjo, Eksjo, Sweden (Drs Wikby and Stenstrom)
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wikby
authors.affiliation: The University College of Health Sciences, Hospital of Eksjo-Nassjo, Eksjo, Sweden (Drs Wikby and Stenstrom)
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stenström
authors.affiliation: The Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Eksjo-Nassjo, Eksjo, Sweden (Dr Andersson)
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: The Research Unit of the County of Jamtland, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden (Dr Hornquist)
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hörnquist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin