title: Dilutional and modified ultrafiltration reduces pulmonary hypertension after operations for congenital heart disease: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective randomized study was performed to test whether removal of endothelin-1, by ultrafiltration techniques, will reduce pulmonary hypertension after operations for congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with pulmonary hypertension (systolic pulmonary/systemic arterial pressure ratio > 60%) undergoing cardiac operations were randomized into a control group (n = 12) having conventional ultrafiltration and an experimental group (n = 12) undergoing dilutional ultrafiltration during and modified ultrafiltration after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma endothelin-1, nitric oxide metabolites, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were assayed before bypass, 10 minutes into bypass, after bypass, and 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours after the operation in both groups, as well as in the ultrafiltrates and after modified ultrafiltration in the experimental group. Both groups received alpha-blockers (chlorpromazine and/or prazosin) postoperatively using the same guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ultrafiltrates contained significant amounts of endothelin-1 (1.81 +/- 0.86 pg/ml, dilutional, and 6.44 +/- 1.82 pg/ml, modified ultrafiltrate). Endothelin-1 and the pulmonary/systemic pressure ratio were significantly lower in experimental compared with control patients. Nitric oxide metabolites and cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased similarly in both groups for 12 hours after the operation (p = not significant). Three of 12 control patients (25%) but no experimental patients had pulmonary hypertensive crises (p = 0.07). The experimental patients required significantly less ventilatory support (67 +/- 47 hours vs 178 +/- 139 hours for control patients, p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dilutional and modified ultrafiltration reduce endothelin-1 and the pulmonary/systemic pressure ratio postoperatively and may become an important adjunct for preventing pulmonary hypertension after operations for congenital heart disease in high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, James W. Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202-5123, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Turrentine
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Means
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ensing
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lalone
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szekely
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006152:Cyclic GMP