title: Treatment of HIV-related fluconazole-resistant oral candidosis with D0870, a new triazole antifungal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of D0870 in the treatment of HIV-related fluconazole-resistant oro-oesophageal candidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre open study.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-seropositive patients with oro-oesophageal candidosis despite at least 7 days of treatment with fluconazole at doses of 100 mg per day or more.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received an initial dose of D0870 (150 mg), then 25 mg per day for 6 days. Symptoms and signs of candidosis were compared at entry and on days 3 and 7 of treatment. At each visit, samples were taken for safety monitoring and for in vitro susceptibility testing of Candida isolates. Limited pharmacokinetic samples were taken on days 1 and 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 26 evaluable patients, 16 showed partial improvement, nine showed no improvement, and only one had full clearance of thrush by day 7. In vitro testing of the cleared patient's isolate suggested that it was susceptible to fluconazole. Symptoms of dysphagia cleared in 14 and improved in five of the 22 patients with presumptive oesophageal involvement at entry. Pharmacokinetic measurement showed wide variability in maximum D0870 levels recorded on day 1 (range, 0.07-0.34 mg/l) and susceptibility testing of isolates also showed a range of minimal inhibitory concentration values to D0870 (range, < 0.06-8 mg/l; median, 0.25 mg/l). When these data were combined with clinical response there was a strong suggestion that lack of symptomatic improvement was related to low plasma D0870 levels or to the presence of less D0870-susceptible isolates. Six patients were noted to have a fall in haemoglobin, three of whom were receiving concomitant therapy known to suppress bone marrow. Three patients reported headaches as adverse events that were attributed to study medication, but D0870 was well tolerated overall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D0870 shows promise in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant oro-oesophageal candidosis and was well tolerated, although efficacy in this difficult-to-treat patient group was probably limited due to the inadequate plasma levels achieved in this pilot study with the low doses of D0870 administered.
authors.affiliation: Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cartledge
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Denning
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clumeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wit
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C058219:ICI 195739; D015725:Fluconazole