title: YopJ of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is required for the inhibition of macrophage TNF-alpha production and downregulation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK.
abstract: Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Previous studies have suggested that pathogenic Yersinia spp. inhibit LPS-mediated production of TNF-alpha in macrophages, and that one of the Yop proteins secreted by the plasmid-encoded type III pathway is required for this activity. We found that TNF-alpha production was inhibited when J774A.1 murine macrophages were infected with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis but not with an isogenic ysc mutant defective for Yop secretion. We inactivated multiple yop genes to identify which of these factors are required for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. A mutant unable to express yopJ was defective for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Production of TNF-alpha is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels by several mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The MAP kinases p38 and JNK underwent sustained activation in macrophages infected with the yopJ mutant. Conversely, p38 and JNK were downregulated in macrophages infected with the wild-type strain. The ability of the yopJ mutant to downregulate p38 and JNK and to inhibit production of TNF-alpha was restored by the expression of yopJ+ in trans. Therefore, YopJ is required for Y. pseudotuberculosis to downregulate MAP kinases and inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794-5222, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hobbie
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bliska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D015151:Immunoblotting; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009154:Mutation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015011:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C078909:YopB protein, Yersinia; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases