title: Nausea and vomiting after major arthroplasty with spinal anaesthesia including morphine: a randomised trial of subhypnotic propofol infusion as prophylaxis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following major arthroplasty with spinal anaesthesia and intrathecal morphine is reported in 45-74% of patients. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to determine whether a subhypnotic infusion of propofol has a prophylactic antiemetic effect in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  82 patients undergoing hip or knee replacement under subarachnoid bupivacaine anaesthesia plus morphine 0.25 mg were randomised at the end of surgery to receive either propofol 30 mg x h(-1) or fat emulsion (Intralipid) 3 ml x h(-1) for 20 h postoperatively. Blinded observers recorded episodes of nausea, vomiting and pruritus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PONV in the intervention group was 40% vs 59% in the controls (P=0.1, not significant). Pruritus occurred in 34%, with a similar rate in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that routine use of postoperative, subhypnotic propofol infusion as PONV prophylaxis is not justified in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, General Hospital, Oskarshamn, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grattidge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000932:Antiemetics; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010919:Placebos; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D015742:Propofol