title: Early presentation of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe features of pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 55 Hispanic subjects with diabetes who were treated from 1990 to 1994 in a pediatric clinic serving lower income Mexican-Americans were reviewed to assess the frequency and clinical features of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, nondiabetic siblings of several patients underwent oral glucose tolerance testing, and a survey of six high schools in the same county was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen of 55 (31%) of the diabetic children and adolescents had type 2 diabetes. An additional 4 Hispanic children with type 2 diabetes treated in other clinics were also identified, yielding a total of 21 subjects who were used to describe the characteristics of childhood type 2 diabetes. At presentation, all were obese (mean BMI 32.9 +/- 6.2 kg/m2), 62% had no ketonuria, and fasting C-peptide levels were elevated (4.28 +/- 3.43 ng/ml). Diabetes was easily controlled with diet, sulfonylureas, or low-dose insulin. No autoantibodies were present in those tested, and family histories were positive for type 2 diabetes. Compliance was poor, and 3 subjects developed diabetic complications. Of the tested siblings, 2 of 8 had impaired glucose tolerance and 5 of 8 had stimulated hyperinsulinemia, correlated with BMI (r = 0.80, P < 0.05). The school survey identified 28 diabetic adolescents, 75% more than expected (P < 0.01). The Hispanic enrollment at each school was highly correlated with the number of diabetic students (r = 0.87, P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, when coupled with obesity, can produce type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American children. This diagnosis should be considered in young Hispanic patients, who might otherwise be assumed to have type 1 diabetes, and also when caring for overweight Hispanic youth with a family history of type 2 diabetes, in whom intervention may prevent or delay diabetes onset.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diagnostic Center, Ventura County Medical Center, California, USA.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Vadheim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D009679:Nuclear Family; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin