title: Toxic nodular goiter. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter.
abstract: Solitary toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter are very common forms of thyrotoxicosis around the world. Advances in molecular biology and genetics have led to new insights into the pathogenesis of these disorders. Current theories on autonomy in the thyroid are discussed in this article. The therapeutic roles of surgery, radioiodine ablation, and percutaneous ethanol administration also are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin