title: Unrecognized Tourette syndrome in adult patients referred for psychogenic tremor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of Tourette syndrome may be overlooked in patients with severe psychopathologic disorder but mild motor manifestations of Tourette syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe 4 patients with long-lasting general psychopathologic disorder and previously unrecognized mild motor and phonic tics exacerbated during adulthood by the onset of tremor; all of the patients had been referred for the evaluation of psychogenic tremor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four adult patients, with previous psychiatric diagnoses of depression (2 cases), generalized anxiety disorder (3 cases), malingering (1 case), and conversion disorder (3 cases).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single case studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical interviews disclosed that the 4 patients had positive family histories of Tourette syndrome, and all had mild motor and phonic tics that had started before the age of 18 years. On neurologic examination, 2 patients had bilateral postural tremor of the hands that varied in frequency, rhythmicity, and amplitude, and the other 2 had resting tremor mimicking parkinsonism. All 4 patients described involuntary somatic sensations of the affected limbs, which they attempted to alleviate by executing movements. No consistent positive placebo response was observed, but in all patients tremoric movements improved with haloperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases illustrate an unusual movement disorder (tremor as a "tic equivalent") in adults with Tourette syndrome and emphasize that cases of the syndrome with mild tics often go unrecognized, precluding adequate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain. esne2@cc.uab.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulisevsky
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Berthier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gironell
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Escartin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis*