Induction of nitric oxide synthase by protein synthesis inhibition in aortic smooth muscle cells.
1. The role of de novo protein synthesis in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activation was investigated in vitro by evaluating the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide (CH) and anisomycin (ANI) on iNOS activity, protein and mRNA levels in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). 2. As determined by cyclic GMP accumulation, substrate (L-arginine)- and inhibitor (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, NMMA)-sensitive iNOS activity was significantly elevated in CH- or ANI-treated RASMC after 24 h. 3. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced a time-dependent increase in cyclic GMP levels with maximal stimulation at 6 h and a decline to near baseline at 24 h. CH attenuated LPS-induced cyclic GMP accumulation at 3 and 6 h. However, cyclic GMP levels were superinduced at later times by CH. The concentration-dependence of cyclic GMP stimulation by cycloheximide was biphasic both in the absence and presence of LPS, with maximal stimulation at 10 microM and inhibition at higher concentrations. 4. Increased iNOS activity by CH was associated with elevated levels of immunoreactive iNOS protein as judged by Western blotting in LPS- and CH-treated cells. 5. CH-induced iNOS activity and superinduction of iNOS by CH in cells treated with LPS were both significantly inhibited by actinomycin D, a transcription inhibitor. 6. RT-PCR revealed elevated iNOS mRNA levels after 12 h of exposure to CH. The combination of LPS and CH caused a significant increase in iNOS gene expression relative to LPS- or CH stimulation alone. 7. These results show that partial protein synthesis inhibition by CH alone upregulates iNOS mRNA and superinduces iNOS mRNA in cytokine-treated RASMC, which is translated to the functional enzyme generating biologically active NO. Thus iNOS activation in these cells not only requires new protein synthesis but it also appears to be negatively regulated by newly synthesized proteins.
Marczin
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Vascular Biology Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-2500, USA.
Go
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Papapetropoulos
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Catravas
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D000818:Animals; D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000841:Anisomycin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D006152:Cyclic GMP