title: Family treatment of symptomatic children with Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported. We tested the hypothesis that simultaneously treating all Helicobacter pylori positive family contacts of infected symptomatic children results in lower treatment failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relatives of 47 children (index) with Helicobacter pylori gastritis had endoscopy to assess prevalence of infection in first degree cohabiting relatives. Controls included 60 children with dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori gastritis whose infected family contacts were not treated. Index children, siblings younger than 18 years of age and control children received a 2-week course of amoxicillin and tinidazole. Parents of index children and their siblings over 18 years of age received a 2-week course of Colloidal Bismuth Subcytrate and tinidazole. The eradication rate in index children and their relatives was compared to controls whose infected family contacts were not treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Helicobacter pylori was found in 67% of 31 siblings younger than 18, in 82% of 22 siblings older than 18 years, and in 87% of 92 parents. Endoscopy, repeated four to six weeks after the end of treatment, showed Helicobacter pylori eradication in 94% of children and siblings younger than 18, and in 70% of parents and siblings over 18 years in the family treatment group, compared with 75% of control children (p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of the infection in family members suggests that person-to-person spread of Helicobacter pylori takes place. Furthermore our results show that if (or when) required, simultaneous treatment given to the whole family results in lower treatment failure, since it may promote compliance to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oderda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponzetto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boero
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bellis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ansaldi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015995:Prevalence; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D014011:Tinidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin