title: Effects of anal invasive treatment and incontinence on mental health and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease and low anorectal anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies of adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and low anorectal anomalies (LARA) showed persistent impairment of fecal control in both groups, but very different mental and psychosocial outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore possible reasons for these differences, 19 adolescents with HD (aged 10 to 20 years; median, 16) operated on by the Duhamel technique were compared with 17 adolescents with LARA (aged 12 to 20 years; median, 15). The 36 adolescents were assessed for treatment procedures, bowel function, and mental and psychosocial outcome by data collected from medical records, physical examination, semistructured interview, and standardized questionnaires. The parents of 30 adolescents were also interviewed and completed questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of anal invasive treatment procedure and current bowel function were associated with mental and psychosocial outcome. The treatment variable, duration of anal dilation, was the most significant predictor of the adolescents's mental health (R2 = .41, P < .01), whereas chronic family difficulties and parental warmth together with the current bowel function variables, fecal and flatus continence function, best explained the variance in psychosocial outcome (R2 = .77, P < .0001). Thus, the differences in treatment procedures and continence function between the HD and LARA groups may partially explain differences in mental and psychosocial outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that anal dilatation and continence dysfunction may have negative impact on mental health and psychosocial functioning. Indications for and ways of performing the procedure of dilation, and the treatment of persistent incontinence problems, are questioned.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Diseth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egeland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Emblem
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal; D002648:Child; D004106:Dilatation; D005192:Family Health; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*