title: Comparison of technetium-99m-MDP, technetium-99m-WBC and technetium-99m-HIG in musculoskeletal inflammation.
abstract: This study compared three radionuclide techniques in distinguishing musculoskeletal infection from noninfectious inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five orthopedic patients with suspected musculoskeletal infection were examined using three radionuclide techniques in sequence: triphasic bone scintigraphy, 99mTc radioleukocytes (99mTc-WBC) scintigraphy and 99mTc human immunoglobulin (99mTc-Hig) scintigraphy. Two "early" and "late" acquisitions were performed, at 4-6 hr and 20-24 hr postinjection, respectively. Patients who were diagnosed as suffering from noninflammatory lesions became the controls. We calcu"late"d for all studies one index of inflammation (Infl) as the ratio between counts in the uptake area and counts in an equal area of normal tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The "early" radiolabeled leukocytes and "late" Hig scintigraphy allowed the greatest ability to distinguish between infections and noninfectious inflammations (p < 0.011 and p < 0.016) with a sensitivity of 96.6% and 96.5% and specificity of 71% and 100%, respectively. Hig and radioleukocytes allowed distinguishing infections from noninflammatory diseases at both examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The "early" radioleukocyte scintigraphy allowed us to separate infections from noninfectious inflammations. In contrast, the same result can be obtained only with the "late" scan in the Hig study, but Hig mapped the spread of the inflammation into soft tissues better. Hig might be an alternative to radioleukocytes because of its simple preparation, similar accuracy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division of Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boccaletto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paolin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carniato
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zoli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giusto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013667:Technetium; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C065376:technetium Tc 99m immunoglobulin; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D013667:Technetium; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate