title: The neurobiology of tryptophan depletion in depression: effects of intravenous tryptophan infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous work has suggested that acute depletion of the serotonin (5-HT) precursor tryptophan (TRP) causes transient compensatory changes in the 5-HT system that might be exploited for their antidepressant effects. In this study, neuroendocrine and mood responses to intravenous (i.v.) infusion of TRP were examined in order to evaluate central 5-HT function in depressed patients undergoing acute TRP depletion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight drug-free patients with DSM-III-R major depression participated. Each patient underwent two randomized, double-blind TRP depletion tests, one sham and one active. At the estimated time of maximum TRP depletion, each patient received an i.v. infusion of TRP 100 mg/kg. Blood was obtained for serum cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone. Mood was assessed using standardized rating scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cortisol response to i.v. TRP was significantly greater during TRP depletion than during sham depletion. Depressive symptoms showed a tendency to decrease after i.v. TRP following active, but not sham, TRP depletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with the present hypothesis and previous evidence that acute TRP depletion in drug-free depressed patients induces compensatory upregulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. These changes are insufficient to serve as a means of effecting clinical improvement, but suggest that the antidepressant properties of rapid, marked manipulations of 5-HT function warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Malison
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDougle
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Pelton
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Heninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D014364:Tryptophan