title: Endodontic implications of anatomical variations and developmental anomalies in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.
abstract: Endodontic treatment of maxillary and mandibular anteriors does not generally offer strenuous challenges to the skilled practitioner. Most cases are relatively straightforward and can be treated without complication. Anatomical and developmental variations do exist in these teeth, however, which can add an enormous degree of technical complexity, and even doom endodontic treatment to failure. The prudent clinician must be aware of these variations, modify treatment procedures accordingly, and inform the patient of these possible causes of treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Oklahoma, College of Dentistry, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabala
mesh_terms: D003481:Cuspid / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D003719:Dens in Dente / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D005671:Fused Teeth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D011859:Radiography; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*