title: Hyperleptinemia in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the increased plasma leptin levels reported in hemodialyzed patients is a feature of end-stage renal disease or an artifact of hemodialysis, we studied plasma levels in patients treated exclusively by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective comparison of end points in CAPD patients and matched healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care institutional dialysis center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six healthy subjects, age 50.8 +/- 2.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.7 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, recruited through public announcement, and 36 patients with end-stage renal disease, age 51.0 +/- 2.4 yr, BMI 28.2 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, enrolled in a CAPD treatment program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four exchanges of CAPD per day, using 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 L of dialysate over a period of 1 - 96 months (median 22 mth).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was plasma leptin concentration. Secondary measures included plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and cortisol concentrations; and residual renal function and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma leptin levels in CAPD patients were 27.1 - 490 ng/mL (women) and 1.3 - 355 ng/mL (men); the levels in healthy subjects were 2.0 - 84.7 ng/mL (women) and 1.8 - 55.4 ng/mL (men). The mean leptin levels were 5-fold higher among CAPD-treated men than control men (49.9 +/- 18.4 vs 9.8 +/- 2.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and 7.5-fold higher among CAPD-treated women than control women (220 +/- 28.1 vs 29.3 +/- 3.7 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Female gender and BMI were the strongest predictors of hyperleptinemia in CAPD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that hyperleptinemia is a feature of terminal renal failure, not an artifact of hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagogo-Jack
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ovalle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gearing
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Coyne
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D020738:Leptin; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins