title: MyoD is indispensable for muscle-specific alternative splicing in mouse mitochondrial ATP synthase gamma-subunit pre-mRNA.
abstract: Muscle-specific alternative RNA splicing is an essential step during myogenesis. In this paper, we report that a muscle-specific transcription factor, MyoD, plays a central role in the induction of muscle-specific alternative splicing during myogenesis. Recently, we reported that muscle and nonmuscle isoforms of the mitochondrial ATP synthase gamma-subunit (F1gamma) were generated by alternative splicing and that acidic stimulation promoted this muscle-specific alternative splicing (Endo, H., Matsuda, C., and Kagawa, Y. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 12488-12493). In this report, mouse myoblasts are shown to express the muscle-specific isoform of F1gamma after induction with low-serum medium (differentiation medium) or acidic medium, although myotube formation was not detected after acidic induction. RNA blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of both MEF2 and myogenin were increased by low-serum induction, but not by acidic induction. High expression of MyoD mRNA was observed after both types of induction. Overexpression of exogenous MyoD in fibroblasts showed that MyoD was necessary for muscle-specific alternative splicing in both types of induction. Exogenous Id, a negative regulator of MyoD, blocked muscle-specific alternative splicing of F1gamma pre-mRNA by both types of induction. In addition, MyoD induced several muscle-specific alternative splicings, including structural protein pre-mRNAs such as beta-tropomyosin and neural-cell adhesion molecule and transcriptional protein pre-mRNAs such as MEF2A and MEF2D. Our analysis of the two induction systems shows a common MyoD-dependent mechanism of muscle-specific alternative splicing in several genes, independent of MEF2 and myogenin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-machi, Kawachi-gun, Tochigi 329-04, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D018008:Myogenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578036:Mef2a protein, mouse; C578044:Mef2d protein, mouse; D017570:MyoD Protein; C503801:Myog protein, mouse; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D018008:Myogenin; D012322:RNA Precursors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases