title: The chemokine receptor CXCR3 mediates rapid and shear-resistant adhesion-induction of effector T lymphocytes by the chemokines IP10 and Mig.
abstract: Integrin-mediated adhesion to the vascular endothelium is an essential step in leukocyte diapedesis. We show that the chemokines 10-kDa inflammatory protein (IP10) and monokine induced by IFN (Mig) induce rapid and transient adhesion of human IL-2-stimulated T lymphocytes (IL-2 T cells) to immobilized integrin ligands through their receptor CXCR3, which is selectively expressed on activated T cells. Induction of adhesion by IP10 and Mig was already observed at subnanomolar concentrations and was maximal at 5-10 nM, resulting in three- to sixfold increase in adhesion of IL-2 T cells over background. No effect was seen with resting naive/memory T cells which lack CXCR3 and migration responses to IP10 and Mig. Both chemokines are produced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) upon stimulation with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. These chemokines induce IL-2 T cell adhesion also when captured on the surface of endothelial cells. Under conditions of flow, IL-2 T cells roll and rapidly adhere to IP10/Mig-expressing HUVEC, and anti-CXCR3 mAb treatment reduces arrest and firm adhesion. This is the first study that shows chemokine-induced adhesion in activated memory/effector T cells which represent the fraction of T cells that are selectively mobilized in inflammation. The critical role of IFN-gamma as inducer of IP10/Mig production in HUVEC indicates that these chemokines are essential mediators of effector T cell recruitment to IFN-gamma-dependent pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland. luca.piali@tki.unibe.ch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: LaRosa
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Clark-Lewis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000502:physiology*; D012212:Rheology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016023:Integrins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma