title: Cognitive function in an elderly population with persistent impaired glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study cognitive function in an elderly population with persistent impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting and postload 2-h plasma glucose and insulin levels were determined at baseline in a population-based sample of 1,300 people and repeated an average of 3.5 years later in 980 subjects. At follow-up, cognitive function was evaluated in subjects with persistent normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 506) and IGT (n = 80) with a brief neuropsychological test battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with persistent IGT scored lower in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and in the Buschke Selective Reminding Test long-term memory scores. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, education, and insulin levels (either fasting or 2-h value) were associated with the MMSE score in subjects with persistent IGT. Other potential risk factors for impaired cognitive function were not significantly associated with the MMSE score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that persistent IGT in the elderly is associated with mildly impaired cognitive function, and hyperinsulinemia may account for this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. matti.vanhanen@uku.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhanen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuusisto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mykkänen
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Helkala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riekkinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003971:Diastole; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin