title: Vaults are up-regulated in multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines.
abstract: Vaults are 13-MDa ribonucleoprotein particles composed largely of a 104-kDa protein, termed major vault protein or MVP, and a small vault RNA, vRNA. While MVP levels have been found to increase up to 15-fold in non-P-glycoprotein multidrug-resistant cell lines, the levels of vault particles have not been investigated. As both the function of vault particles and the mechanism of drug resistance in non-P-glycoprotein cells are unknown, we decided to determine whether vault synthesis was coupled to MDR. By cloning the human gene for vRNA and careful quantitation of the MVP and vRNA levels in MDR cells, we find that vRNA is in considerable excess to MVP. Sedimentation measurements of vault particles in multidrug resistance cells have indeed revealed up to a 15-fold increase in vault synthesis, coupled with a comparable shift of associated vRNA, demonstrating that vault formation is limited by expression of MVP or the minor vault proteins. The observation that vault synthesis is linked directly to multidrug resistance supports a direct role for vaults in drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1737, USA.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kickhoefer
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Rajavel
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Scheffer
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scheper
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Rome
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009101:Multiple Myeloma; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020394:Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles; D000099187:Major Vault Protein
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D020394:Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles; D000099187:Major Vault Protein