title: Warfarin anticoagulation and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the relation between warfarin anticoagulation and survival and morbidity from cardiac disease in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Warfarin anticoagulation plays a major role in the management of patients who have had a large myocardial infarction and in those with atrial fibrillation. However, its use in patients with LV systolic dysfunction has been controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed data on warfarin use in 6,797 patients enrolled in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial and analyzed the relation between warfarin use and all-cause mortality, as well as the combined end point of death or hospital admission for heart failure. We used Cox regression to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics and to test for the interaction between warfarin use and selected patient variables in relation to outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariate analysis, use of warfarin was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 0.89, p = 0.0006) and in the risk of death or hospital admission for heart failure (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.93, p = 0.0002). Risk reduction was observed when each trial or randomization arm was analyzed separately, as well as in both genders. It was not significantly influenced by the presence of atrial fibrillation, age, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class or etiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with LV systolic dysfunction, warfarin use is associated with improved survival and reduced morbidity. This association is primarily due to a reduction in cardiac events and does not appear to be limited to any particular subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Khadra
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Udelson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konstam
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000150:complications; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin