title: Re-replacement for prosthetic valve dysfunction: analysis of long-term results and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prosthetic heart valve re-replacement still remains a challenging situation. Although some studies have examined the early results, the long-term survival has not yet been well analyzed. The aim of this study was to detect the factors that affect the long-term outcome of operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1964 and September 1996, 231 prosthetic valve re-replacements were performed including 16 cases of third valve replacement. There were 100 men and 131 women with a mean age of 47 +/- 14 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actuarial survival rate was 65% +/- 4% at 5 years and 41% +/- 7% at 10 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that New York Heart Association class IV and left ventricular ejection fraction were found to be independent predictors of late death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that advanced New York Heart Association functional class and lower left ventricular ejection fraction were found to be independent predictors of late death. If operation is performed before patients reach such a deteriorated condition, long-term results are excellent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mawatari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome