title: Longitudinal tibial stress fractures: a report of eight cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present the imaging features of longitudinal stress fractures in eight patients and evaluate the literature to determine which tests are most useful for making this diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed eight cases of longitudinal tibial stress fractures presenting between 1988 and 1994. Reports on 36 cases, cited in the literature between 1960 and 1996, also were reviewed. Imaging modalities used and characteristic imaging features were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plain radiographs had a characteristic appearance in approximately 28% of patients. Initially, plain films were negative, and in most cases, they eventually showed characteristic radiographic features. However, 25% of cases failed to demonstrate a plain film abnormality, with the diagnosis made by other modalities. CT or MRI is often diagnostic, and longitudinal stress fractures have characteristic imaging features with each modality. While sensitive, bone scan has lower specificity than either CT or MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal stress fractures have characteristic imaging features, and familiarity with these features is necessary for timely and efficient diagnosis, avoiding morbidity due to delay or use of unnecessary tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52240, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Brandser
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Parman
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: el-Khoury
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pyevich
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Boles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed