title: New solution for prolonged myocardial preservation for transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A solution for prolonged cold storage of the heart has been developed. The Jerusalem-Cape Town Solution (JCT) is an "intracellular" type cardioplegic solution and is formulated to (1) minimize hypothermic-induced cell swelling, (2) diminish intracellular acidosis, (3) prevent the expansion of the interstitial space during the reperfusion, (4) protect against oxygen free radical injury during early reperfusion, and (5) provide substrates for regenerating high-energy phosphates.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a Langendorff model, rat hearts were subjected to 15 minutes of perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit, 10 minutes of cardioplegic infusion and 20 hours of cold storage (5 degrees to 6 degrees C). Hearts were reperfused for 60 minutes and hemodynamic recovery was assessed. The hearts were assigned to three groups (eight hearts in each), according to the cardioplegic solution used: group 1, JCT; group 2, Bretschneider's HTK cardioplegic solution; and group 3 University of Wisconsin cold storage solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 60 minutes of reperfusion, the recovery of the coronary artery flow in group 1 (JCT) was significantly better than in group 2, and slightly better than in group 3 (64% +/- 8.9%, 47.2% +/- 11.6%, 52.5% +/- 19.9%, mean +/- SD, respectively; group 1 versus group 2, p < 0.01). The recovery of the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was significantly better in group 1 compared with group 2 and group 3 (60.2% +/- 14.5%, 41.1% +/- 12.6% and 36.5% +/- 10.1%, respectively; p < 0.01). The recovery of the heart contractility expressed by the product of LVDP and the heart rate (LVDP x heart rate) was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (47.5% +/- 3.4%, 23.6% +/- 9.6%, and 28.7% +/- 8.3%, respectively, p < 0.001). In hearts stored for 12 hours in JCT or HTK, the recovery of the heart contractility did not differ significantly (73.4% +/- 12.7% or 70.8% +/- 30.8%, respectively). Modified reperfusion aimed to improve postischemic heart recovery did not bring significant changes in cardiac mechanical function but resulted in an increase in postischemic coronary artery flow recovery in hearts reperfused with amino acid-enriched buffer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JCT solution is effective (as well as HTK) in preserving the ischemic hearts for up to 12 hours. It is superior to HTK or University of Wisconsin solution at 20 hours of isolated ischemic storage.
authors.affiliation: University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwalb
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yaroslavsky-Houminer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazarovici
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Von Oppell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Borman
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006321:Heart; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009926:Organ Preservation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate