title: Effect of pentoxifylline on immotile testicular spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A model for differentiating live and dead sperm cells during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is proposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor known to enhance sperm motility, to initiate motility in testicular spermatozoa. Ten immotile testicular sperm samples were divided into two parts for examination of sperm motility with and without pentoxifylline treatment at 30, 60, and 90 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The samples without pentoxifylline remained immotile even after 90 min of incubation: the addition of pentoxifylline initiated sperm motility in all samples: 51.8 +/- 10.2, 64.4 +/- 9.4, and 70.8 +/- 8.9% (mean +/- SD) at 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  That pentoxifylline may be used to differentiate live testicular spermatozoa during ICSI, which may improve fertilization and pregnancy rates, is suggested.
authors.affiliation: FERTILITE Reproductive Science Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taşdemir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taşdemir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavukçuoğlu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010431:Pentoxifylline