title: The origin of serum progesterone during the follicular phase of menotropin-stimulated cycles.
abstract: The study was designed to investigate the source of progesterone secretion during pituitary suppression and ovarian stimulation. It involved 416 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) who were treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) (group I), 139 women undergoing ovulation induction with HMG only (group II) and nine women who were diagnosed previously as late-onset adrenal hyperplasia and treated continuously with dexamethasone, in addition to ovulation induction (group III). During HMG treatment, serum oestradiol and progesterone were measured every 1-2 days. If progesterone concentration exceeded 3.0 nmol/l, at least 36 h before human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration, the patients were prospectively randomized to treatment with dexamethasone or not and the hormones concentrations were measured again 12 h later. Mean age and pretreatment serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone and luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, were not significantly different in the patients with and without progesterone elevation. Pituitary down-regulation did not reduce the incidence of progesterone elevation (13.9 and 12.2% in groups I and II respectively), while in group III, progesterone concentrations did not increase. After dexamethasone administration a significant decrease in serum progesterone concentration was demonstrated (mean +/- SD, -2.1 +/- 1.4 and -1.6 +/- 1.2 in groups I and II respectively, while in the untreated patients it increased (+1.9 +/- 1.9 and +4.2 +/- 4.8). The increase in serum progesterone concentrations was not accompanied by an increase in cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol but by an increase in LH. After dexamethasone administration the concentrations of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and LH significantly decreased. Progesterone concentration was positively correlated with both oestradiol concentration (r = 0.290; P < 0.05) and the number of oocytes retrieved (r = 0.207; P < 0.05). We conclude that at least a part of serum follicular-phase progesterone appears to be of adrenal origin. High oestrogen concentrations (or other ovarian factors) may cause changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and in adrenal enzyme activity as a part of the complex 'cross-talk' between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaare-Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eldar-Geva
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Margalioth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Algur
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zylber-Haran
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Diamant
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005498:Follicular Phase; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011374:Progesterone; D008596:Menotropins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone