title: Smoking habits among pregnant women in Norway 1994-95.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the smoking prevalence the last three months before pregnancy and at 18 weeks of gestation among women in Norway and to evaluate the impact of pre-pregnancy smoking habits, maternal age, level of education, civil status and parity on smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, multicenter survey. The study population included 4 766 pregnant women who attended a routine ultrasound examination at 18 weeks of pregnancy in six Norwegian hospitals during the period from September 1994 to March 1995. Smoking habits before and during pregnancy were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The point prevalence of self-reported daily smoking among the women three months before the pregnancy was 34%. At 18 weeks of pregnancy, 21% of the women reported smoking daily (p<0.001). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a low number of cigarettes smoked per day during the last three months before pregnancy was the best predictor for smoking cessation. Educational level, maternal age, parity and civil status were also statistically significant contributors to smoking cessation. Eighty percent of the women who were unable to stop smoking, reported a reduction in cigarette consumption. The mean number of cigarettes per day was reduced from 13.9 before pregnancy to 7.3 at 18 weeks of pregnancy (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a national survey, 21% of the pregnant women reported smoking daily in the second trimester. Thirty-eight percent of the women who were daily smokers before the pregnancy stopped smoking in early pregnancy. A low cigarette consumption prior to the pregnancy was the best predictor for smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Fetal Medicine, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Salvesen
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Nesheim
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nylander
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Nakling
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eik-Nes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017533:Marital Status; D008423:Maternal Age; D009664:Norway; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*