title: Clustering of coronary risk factors with increasing blood pressure at rest and during exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic cardiovascular syndrome is the label given to the clustering of unfavourable levels of a number of coronary risk factors in subjects with high resting blood pressures. We found recently that exercise blood pressure had a strong independent prognostic value.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To search for possible similar associations between exercise blood pressure levels and coronary risk factors by studying conventional and recently acknowledged coronary risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 1999 healthy men aged 40-59 years. Age-adjusted coronary risk factor levels and their relation to resting and exercise blood pressures were studied. Resting blood pressure was measured after subjects had rested supine for 5 min. The exercise blood pressure used was the systolic blood pressure measured with the subject sitting on a bicycle ergometer at the end of a work load of 600 kpm/min (100 W) for 6 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Besides corroborating the relation between the metabolic syndrome and resting blood pressure levels, we observed similar or even stronger associations between levels of various coronary risk factors and exercise blood pressure. We found rather strong, direct associations between exercise blood pressure and total cholesterol level, fasting triglyceride level and body mass index whereas inverse relations were found for glucose tolerance, physical fitness, pulmonary functioning and the ability to increase heart rate during exercise. Virtually all these associations had a level of statistical significance of P<0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High exercise blood pressure levels are strongly associated with unfavourable levels of a number of important coronary risk factors. A similar metabolic syndrome to that observed in subjects with high resting blood pressures therefore appears to be present in subjects with high exercise blood pressure responses. These associations may considerably amplify the independent risk of high blood pressure responses to moderate exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Akershus, Nordbyhagen, Norway.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mundal
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erikssen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thaulow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erikssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol