title: Weak association between subjective symptoms or and objective testing for dry eyes and dry mouth: results from a population based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine associations between symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth and objective evidence of lacrimal and salivary gland dysfunction in a population based sample. To determine associations between these elements and the presence of autoantibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional population based survey. Subjects were interviewed and examined (Schirmer-1 test and unstimulated salivary flow) for the presence of dry eyes and mouth. Antibodies (anti-Ro [SS-A], anti-La [SS-B], rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  341 subjects were examined. Twenty four per cent had dry eye symptoms, 29% dry mouth symptoms, and 14% both. There was only a weak association between the presence of oral or ocular symptoms and their respective test results. Associations were strongest between dry mouth symptoms and positive test results, and in subjects under 55 years of age. There was no association between the presence of autoantibodies and either symptoms or signs of dry eyes or dry mouth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only weak associations were found between self reported symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth and objective measures said to define Sjögrens syndrome in the general population. The clinical significance of these symptoms in the community needs reappraisal.
authors.affiliation: Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre, Stoke on Trent.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajeer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies