title: Evidence for deficiencies in intracerebral cytokine production, adhesion molecule induction, and T cell recruitment in herpes simplex virus type-2 infected mice.
abstract: We examined the intracerebral T cell response in mice infected with neurovirulent HSV-2 strains and an avirulent HSV-1. In HSV-2-infected brains, (i) IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA expression was low, (ii) ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were not induced, (iii) few CD4+ or CD8+ cells were detected. By contrast, in HSV-1-infected brains, (i) cytokine mRNA expression was high, (ii) adhesion molecules were strongly expressed, (iii) many T cells were detected. We suggest that deficient T cell extravasation into HSV-2-infected brain regions is caused by negligible ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which is due to low expression of critical cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014709:Vero Cells; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma