title: Differences in cellular infiltrates in the adenoid of allergic children compared with age- and gender-matched controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic sensitization of the airways occurs in the mucosa of the shock organ, or in the lymphatic stations draining these structures. The lymphatic structure closest to the nasal mucosa is the adenoid.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to find evidence for our hypothesis that allergic sensitization can occur in the adenoid. Of special interest, in this context are cell types involved in antigen-allergen presentation (e.g. Langerhans cells) and effector cells of allergic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study cellular infiltrates in adenoids of 16 allergic patients and 16 age- and gender-matched controls were evaluated. The number of cells positive for CD1a, CD4, CD8, CD-68, chymase, tryptase, IgE, MBP and cells positive for interleukin (IL)-4 were determined using immunohistochemical staining techniques. The epithelium, follicles and the interfollicular spaces were evaluated separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing the two groups a significant increase in cells positive for CD1a was found in interfollicular spaces of the allergic group (P = 0.008). CD1a+ cells in the follicular space and eosinophils in the interfollicular space showed a trend to be more numerous in the allergic group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively). The other cell types investigated did not show significant differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show for the first time that cells involved in allergic sensitization and allergic disease differ in the adenoid of allergic children compared with controls. These findings support our hypothesis that allergic sensitization takes place in the adenoid. Furthermore, this study confirms that CD1a+ (Langerhans) cells are involved in allergic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkens
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vinke
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: De Jong
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bogaert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleinjan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000032:analysis; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E