title: [Risk reduction and intravenous drug use abstinence in patients with HIV infection. The SEROCO group].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the complex stepwise process of giving up intravenous (i.v.) drugs. However, HIV risk reduction programs directed towards i.v. drug users have been accused by some opponents to encourage users to continue. In order to better assess the relationships between risk reduction and abstinence, we studied factors associated with abstinence in HIV-infected patients using i.v. drugs at enrollment in the SEROCO cohort (1988-1994).
  
  
  METHODS
  63 HIV-infected patients injecting i.v. drugs at enrollment were followed-up every 6 months with a clinical examination and a questionnaire concerning sexual and drugs practices since last consultation. Abstinence was defined as non injecting for at least 6 months. The 30 patients who became abstinent during a follow-up period of 3 years were compared to the 33 remaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abstinence during follow-up was not related to age at inclusion, duration of i.v. drug use, gender or marital status. However, patients who became abstinent were more likely to have a professional activity at inclusion than the remaining (70% vs 42%, p = 0.03). Before knowledge of HIV infection, frequency of injections, needle sharing and use of condoms did not differ between the 2 groups. During follow-up, behavioural changes occurred in the two groups, but were more marked in those who lately became abstinent. These latter were more likely to always inject with new needles/syringes (57% vs 18%, p = 0.003), and to use condoms with HIV-negative partners or of unknown status (73% vs 39%, p = 0.06). Professional activity and systematic use of new needles/syringes remained independently associated with abstinence in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, abstinence appeared as a stepwise process in which risk reduction preceded abstinence. This confirms that risk reduction programs do not work against those messages aimed at stopping i.v. drug use. Since this analysis selected particular subjects, enrolled in a cohort of HIV-infected patients, results should be confirmed in other samples of i.v. drugs users.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U-292, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persoz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boué
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dellamonica
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caroli-Bosc
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carré
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017280:Condoms; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016485:Needle Sharing; D009339:Needles; D009790:Occupations; D010808:Physical Examination; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013594:Syringes; D013997:Time Factors
vernacular_title: Réduction des risques et arrêt de la prise de drogues intraveineuses chez des sujets infectés par le VIH. Groupe SEROCO.