title: A method for adjusting exposure levels of volatile solvents based on effects on schedule-controlled behavior.
abstract: A novel adjusting procedure was employed to assess the acute behavioral effects of inhaled 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) and m-xylene. Mice were trained to lever press under a fixed ratio 20 schedule of milk reinforcement. During 30-min test sessions, TCE concentrations were altered every 5 min dependent upon rates of responding in the preceding 5-min segment of the session. When response rates during a 5-min interval were not decreased by greater than 30% from control rates, the TCE concentration for the next interval was increased. Reduction in response rates of more than 30% from the previous interval resulted in a lowering of the TCE concentration in the subsequent 5-min interval. TCE produced concentration-dependent decreases in response rates similar to what has been shown previously and many mice adjusted their exposure levels such that there were alternating intervals of increasing and decreasing concentration exposures. This provided a means of determining, in a single test session, no effect (subthreshold) and minimal effect concentrations of TCE for effects on schedule controlled behavior. Alteration of the starting TCE concentration from 1000 to 6000 ppm increased the TCE threshold for effects. When the response rate contingency was removed and TCE concentrations were "played back" from an earlier adjustment session, concentration-effect curves were similar to what were obtained under adjusting conditions. Using the adjusting procedure, we were also able to rapidly obtain a concentration-effect curve and threshold concentrations for m-xylene that are consistent with published results. This procedure for response rate adjusting exposure concentrations should be useful for rapid assessment of inhalant effects on schedule-controlled behavior and for focusing attention on near threshold levels of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0310, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Balster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014240:Trichloroethanes / Q000633:toxicity; D014992:Xylenes / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014240:Trichloroethanes; D014992:Xylenes; C024566:1,1,1-trichloroethane; C031285:3-xylene