title: p53, p21, Rb and mdm2 oncoproteins. Expression in normal placenta, partial and complete mole, and choriocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of p53, p21, Rb and mdm2 proteins in normal placentas, partial and complete hydatidiform moles, and choriocarcinomas and to examine possible p53 mutations in specimens from p53-positive cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of the above oncoproteins was determined immunohistochemically by specific antibodies for these proteins on formalin-fixed paraffin sections of 18 normal placentas, 17 partial moles, 25 complete moles and 11 choriocarcinomas. This was followed by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis (exons 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) for possible p53 mutation in specimens from p53-positive cases of complete mole and choriocarcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p53 Oncoprotein immunoreactivity was significantly stronger in complete mole and choriocarcinoma than in normal placenta (P < .0001, P < .0001) and in partial mole (P < .0001, P < .0001). Positive staining for p21 oncoprotein was also significantly stronger in complete mole (P < .0001, P < .0001) and in choriocarcinoma (P < .0001, P < .0001) than in placenta and partial mole. We found significantly stronger staining for Rb protein in complete mole (P < .03) and choriocarcinoma (P < .03) than in partial mole. Partial mole and complete mole expressed significantly stronger staining of mdm2 than placenta (P < .007, P < .07, respectively). We found only one nonsense mutation in p53 with PCR analysis; that strongly suggests that in complete mole and choriocarcinoma the overexpressed p53 protein was wild type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered expression of p53, p21, Rb and mdm2 may be important in the pathogenesis of both complete mole and choriocarcinoma. However, unlike complete molar pregnancy, partial mole is not characterized by overexpression of p53. Overexpression of p53 and mdm2 proteins in complete mole and choriocarcinoma may be associated with more aggressive behavior in gestational trophoblastic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fulop
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Genest
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gati
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doszpod
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
mesh_terms: D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000737:chemistry*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011247:Pregnancy; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2