title: Strategies and options for minimizing resistance emergence in pulmonary infections.
abstract: The early-onset hospital pulmonary gram-negative infections may respond to ciprofloxacin and co-amoxiclav without significant resistance development. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae may be treated with macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and glycopeptides. The late-onset hospital pathogens all seem to have developed resistance to cephalosporins, so greater reliance is now made on the fluoroquinolones and carbapenems when aminoglycoside therapy is considered undesirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, The Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Amyes
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003428:Cross Infection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012606:Scotland; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D002511:Cephalosporins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides