title: Benzodiazepines differentially inhibit phenylephrine-induced calcium oscillations in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modulation of intracellular free calcium is a critical determinant of vasomotor tone. The authors investigated the effects of three benzodiazepines on alpha-adrenergic-induced oscillations in intracellular free calcium in individual pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were cultured from explants of canine intrapulmonary artery. Fura-2-loaded pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were continuously superfused with phenylephrine (10 microM) at 37 degrees C on the stage of an inverted fluorescence microscope. Intracellular free calcium was measured using a dual wavelength spectrofluorometer. After establishment of steady-state intracellular free calcium oscillations induced by phenylephrine, lorazepam, diazepam, or midazolam was added to the superfusate. The amplitude and frequency of the intracellular free calcium oscillations were compared before and after addition of each agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resting mean +/- SEM values of intracellular free calcium were 68 +/- 8 nM. Phenylephrine stimulated dose-dependent oscillations in intracellular free calcium, which reached a peak concentration of 676 +/- 35 nM and a frequency of 1.08 +/- 0.1 transients/min. Addition of lorazepam (1 microM) inhibited (P < 0.05) the amplitude (591 +/- 32 nM) but not the frequency (0.97 +/- 0.1 transients/min) of the oscillations. Conversely, diazepam (1 microM) decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency (0.79 +/- 0.1 transients/min) but not the amplitude (663 +/- 37 nM) of the oscillations. These effects were dose-dependent. In contrast, midazolam (1-30 microM) had no effect on the amplitude or frequency of intracellular free calcium oscillations. At concentrations higher than 100 microM, however, all three benzodiazepines inhibited both the amplitude and frequency of the intracellular free calcium oscillations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lorazepam and diazepam but not midazolam exerted differential inhibitory effects on phenylephrine-induced intracellular free calcium oscillations. Benzodiazepines may alter the pulmonary vascular response to sympathetic alpha-adrenoreceptor activation by direct inhibition of intracellular free calcium signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Anesthesiology Research, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Damron
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D010507:Periodicity; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010656:Phenylephrine; D008140:Lorazepam; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam; D002118:Calcium