title: Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer. Preoperative radiation therapy followed by local excision.
abstract: Radiation therapy followed by local excision results in local control rates that appear comparable to those of local excision alone (in highly selected patients) or local excision followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. A significant drawback of this approach, however, is the potential loss of important histological information, such as risk of lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor penetration, and presence of lymphatic or vascular invasion. Radiation therapy followed by local excision may be an option for treatment of more advanced T3 rectal cancers in patients who either refuse radical surgery or are medically unfit. The available data in the literature do not support the routine use of local excision after radiation therapy in otherwise healthy patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology (Ahmad) and Division of Colorectal Surgery (Nagle), Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19007, USA.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nagle
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012074:Remission Induction; D016312:Treatment Refusal