title: Drug resistance and apoptosis in ENU-induced rat brain tumors treated with anti-cancer drugs.
abstract: To cast light on the mechanisms of drug-resistance, experimental brain tumors were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-alpha, mu, pi, p-glycoprotein and apoptosis-related factors, such as bcl-2 and p53, as well as by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method. Rat brain tumors induced by means of prenatal exposure to ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were treated with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and/or vincristine. Tumors more than 2 mm in size were considered to be drug resistant. The expression of GST-mu was strongly positive in ACNU-treated brain tumors, while p-glycoprotein was overexpressed in vincristine-treated brain tumors. Neither p53 nor bcl-2 expression directly correlated with apoptosis identified by TUNEL method, but tumors lacking apoptotic cells always demonstrated the expression of either GST-mu or p-glycoprotein. These results indicate that tumors resistant to chemotherapy might not be susceptible to induction of apoptosis, and therefore that mechanisms of drug resistance are related to programmed cell death in brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yabuno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015376:Nimustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015376:Nimustine; D014750:Vincristine; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea