title: [August Karl Bier--one hundred years of cocaine use in spinal anesthesia].
abstract: It is a history of cocaine use by A.K. Bier in spinal anaesthesia. A.K. Bier was a pioneer of spinal anaesthesia with cocaine. He described his experience with this technique in 6 patients. This contribution was the first clinical word concerning a description of instruments and complication of spinal anaesthesia with cocaine. First in Poland who used cocaine in spinal anaesthesia was Franciszek Kijewski, surgeon from Warsaw.
authors.affiliation: Działu Anestezjologii Katedry i Kliniki Ortopedii AM w Gdańsku.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bednarska-Zytko
mesh_terms: D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000266:history*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000266:history*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003042:Cocaine
vernacular_title: August Karl Bier--setna rocznica zastosowania kokainy do znieczulenia rdzeniowego.