title: Mono- and disubstituted-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives as analgesics structurally related to epibatidine: synthesis, activity, and modeling.
abstract: A series of 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes substituted either at the 3 position (compounds 1) or at the 8 position (compounds 2) by a chlorinated heteroaryl ring were synthesized, as potential analogues of the potent natural analgesic epibatidine. When tested in the hot plate assay, the majority of the compounds showed significant effects, the most interesting being the 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1a). At a subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg, 1a induced a significant increase in the pain threshold, its action lasting for about 45 min. 1a also demonstrated good protection at a dose of 5 mg/kg in the mouse abdominal constriction test, while at 20 mg/kg it completely prevented the constrictions in the animals. Administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p.) did not antagonize its antinociception while mecamylamine (2 mg/kg i.p.) did, thus suggesting the involvement of the nicotinic system in its action. Binding studies confirmed high affinity for the alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype (Ki = 4.1 +/- 0.21 nM). nAChR functional activity studies on three different cell lines showed that 1a was devoid of any activity at the neuromuscular junction. Finally, due to the analogy in their pharmacological profile with that of epibatidine, compounds were compared from a structural and conformational point of view through theoretical calculations and high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results indicate that all of them present one conformation similar to that of epibatidine.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barlocco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cignarella
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tondi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartolini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghelardini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galeotti
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kuntzweiler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toma
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D000698:Analgesia; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011724:Pyridazines; D011725:Pyridines; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D009270:Naloxone; D008464:Mecamylamine; C111310:3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane; C082748:epibatidine