title: Etiology and retrieval of retained central venous catheter fragments within the heart and great vessels of infants and children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of centrally positioned venous catheters plays an indispensable role in the care of infants and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1992 the authors have seen nine patients who experienced fragmentation and migration of catheter fragments into the central circulation. The patients ranged in age from 6 days to 15 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sites of migration included pulmonary artery (five patients), superior vena cava (two patients), hepatic vein and innominate vein (one patient). The elapsed time from recognition of retained catheter fragments until retrieval ranged from a few hours to 6 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All retained fragments were successfully removed during cardiac catheterization without complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Alabama, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fuenfer
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Georgeson
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001808:Blood Vessels; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior