title: In vivo accuracy of two radiographic systems in the detection of Björk-Shiley convexo-concave heart valve outlet strut single leg separations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modified cineradiographic systems have been used clinically to detect partially broken outlet struts in normally functioning Björk-Shiley convexo-concave heart valves. Almost all such valves were explanted, presuming that full failure would likely follow. Inasmuch as the clinical setting only rarely permits examination of normally rated valves, the accuracy of radiographic detection cannot be clinically defined. This study uses the clinical radiographic technique in sheep implanted with known-status convexo-concave valves, comparing its accuracy and that of a newly developed, geometric image magnification radiography system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one sheep with mitral convexo-concave valves were studied on both systems. Five were used for extensive training. When operators were expert with both systems, images of four intact valves and 12 valves with outlet strut single leg separations, along with a seventeenth single leg separation valve used for calibration, were integrated into 112 image sets organized into a balanced incomplete block design for evaluation by eight trained, blinded reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cineradiography sensitivity was 24% versus 31% for direct image magnification. The odds ratio for detection of single leg separation by direct image magnification versus cineradiography was 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 5.9; p = 0.13). Cineradiography specificity was 93% versus 90% for direct image magnification. Sensitivity and specificity varied markedly by reviewer, with sensitivity ranging from 8% to 55% and specificity from 51% to 100% for the combined technologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the need for more intensive training for convexo-concave valve imaging and further investigation of unconventional radiographic technologies. Clinical cineradiography of convexo-concave valves may detect as little as 25% of valves having a single leg separation, underestimating the prevalence of single leg separations and thereby implying more rapid progression to full fracture than is actually the case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abolfathi
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Localio
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pae
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kunselman
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wieting
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Potok
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: TenHave
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chandler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002933:Cineradiography / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012372:ROC Curve; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D011897:Random Allocation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep