title: Different strategies of modulation can be operative during hypnotic analgesia: a neurophysiological study.
abstract: Nociceptive electrical stimuli were applied to the sural nerve during hypnotically-suggested analgesia in the left lower limb of 18 highly susceptible subjects. During this procedure, the verbally reported pain threshold, the nociceptive flexion (RIII) reflex and late somatosensory evoked potentials were investigated in parallel with autonomic responses and the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG). The hypnotic suggestion of analgesia induced a significant increase in pain threshold in all the selected subjects. All the subjects showed large changes (i.e., by 20% or more) in the amplitudes of their RIII reflexes during hypnotic analgesia by comparison with control conditions. Although the extent of the increase in pain threshold was similar in all the subjects, two distinct patterns of modulation of the RIII reflex were observed during the hypnotic analgesia: in 11 subjects (subgroup 1), a strong inhibition of the reflex was observed whereas in the other seven subjects (subgroup 2) there was a strong facilitation of the reflex. All the subjects in both subgroups displayed similar decreases in the amplitude of late somatosensory evoked cerebral potentials during the hypnotic analgesia. No modification in the autonomic parameters or the EEG was observed. These data suggest that different strategies of modulation can be operative during effective hypnotic analgesia and that these are subject-dependent. Although all subjects may shift their attention away from the painful stimulus (which could explain the decrease of the late somatosensory evoked potentials), some of them inhibit their motor reaction to the stimulus at the spinal level, while in others, in contrast, this reaction is facilitated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91, Bd. de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Institut d'Hypnose Larochefoucault, Siena, Italy Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danziger
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouhassira
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Broucker
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santarcangelo
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.forename: Léon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chertock
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Willer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D007866:Leg / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000502:physiology