title: Halothane and isoflurane decrease alveolar epithelial fluid clearance in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active sodium transport is the primary mechanism that drives alveolar fluid clearance. In the current study, the effects of exposure to halothane and isoflurane on alveolar fluid clearance in rats were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to either halothane (0.4% for 6 h or 2% for 2 h) or isoflurane (0.6% for 6 h or 2.8% for 2 h). Reversibility of halothane effects was assessed after 2 h of exposure to 2% halothane. Alveolar and lung liquid clearance were measured by intratracheal instillation of a 5% albumin solution with 1.5 microCi of 125I-albumin, during mechanical ventilation with 100% FiO2 and the halogenated agent. The effect of terbutaline (10(-4) M) added to the albumin solution was tested after 2 h of exposure to 2% halothane. The increase in protein concentration in the airspaces over 1 h was used to evaluate alveolar liquid clearance. Lung liquid clearance was calculated gravimetrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alveolar liquid clearance rates were decreased by 24%, 30% and 40% compared with controls (P < 0.05) after 2 h of exposure to halothane, 6 h of exposure to halothane, and 6 h of exposure to isoflurane, respectively. After 2 h of exposure to isoflurane, alveolar liquid clearance did not change. In the 2-h halothane exposure group, alveolar liquid clearance returned to the control value 2 h after withdrawal of halothane. Terbutaline increased alveolar liquid clearance by 50% and 89% in the control and 2-h halothane exposure groups, respectively. In all experiments, the same results were obtained for alveolar and lung liquid clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Halothane and isoflurane caused a reversible decrease in alveolar epithelial fluid clearance. Two hours of exposure to halothane did not alter the stimulatory effect of terbutaline on alveolar liquid clearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezaiguia-Delclaux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jayr
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Saïdi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meignan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duvaldestin
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000418:Albumins; D012964:Sodium; D007530:Isoflurane; D013726:Terbutaline; D006221:Halothane