title: Randomized trial of itraconazole oral solution for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oropharyngeal candidasis (thrush) is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those who have progressed to AIDS. Itraconazole has a broad in vitro spectrum of activity, including a wide variety of Candida species. Our study determined the relative efficacy of a new oral solution formulation of itraconazole and fluconazole tablets in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomized, third-party-blind, multicenter trial conducted at 12 centers in the United States. One hundred seventy-nine HIV-positive patients with mycologically documented oropharyngeal candidiasis were treated with itraconazole oral solution 200 mg/ day for 7 or 14 days, or fluconazole tablets 100 mg/day for 14 days. Severity of disease was scored clinically before treatment and at clinical evaluations on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42. Semi-quantitative cultures of mouth washings were also obtained on these days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both 14-day and 7-day regimens of itraconazole oral solution were equivalent to fluconazole for most efficacy parameters. The clinical response rate was 97% after 14 days of itraconazole and 87% after 14 days of fluconazole. Itraconazole oral solution given for 7 days was also equivalent to fluconazole treatment for 14 days. Approximately one half of patients in all three groups relapsed by 1 month after completion of treatment. There were few adverse reactions to either drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Itraconazole oral solution is well tolerated and offers an alternative at least as effective as fluconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Audie Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graybill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Darouiche
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morhart
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenspan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuazon
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wheat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leviton
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Moskovitz
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012996:Solutions; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012996:Solutions; D017964:Itraconazole