title: Costs of plain-film radiography in a partially digitized radiology department. An activity-based cost analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to analyse the costs of computed radiography (CR) as part of a small picture archiving and communication system (mini-PACS), and to compare these costs with those of conventional analogue radiography using activity-based accounting (ABC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Central Hospital of Vaasa where in 1993 the Radiology Department acquired a mini-PACS with a CR reader, a chest CR unit, and a CT unit as digital image processing modalities. Of altogether 34140 plain-film examinations, 3/4 were made with CR and stored mostly on film, and 1/4 were made with conventional analogue radiography. The costs and activities of these two modes were analysed by means of the ABC method which identifies and allocates indirect costs in radiological procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The costs of CR imaging were 9% higher than those of conventional radiography. The costs of the chest CR unit were equal to those of conventional radiography. The difference was due to higher investment costs in digital image processing. The time gained from a reduction in the number of retakes did not shorten the time spent by patients in the examination room, and its effect on film costs was minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In planning the step-by-step transition of conventional film-based analogue radiography to fully digitized radiography, it should be noted that films are still used in the transition period and that this is associated with higher costs than in the previous system of conventional analogue plain-film imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alanen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keski-Nisula
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laurila
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suramo
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Standertskjöld-Nordenstam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brommels
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography / Q000191:economics*; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000191:economics*