title: Bacteremia of dental origin and antimicrobial sensitivity following oral surgical procedures in children.
abstract: METHODS
  The prevalence and intensity of bacteremia of dental origin were examined in 207 children divided into four groups: a baseline with no surgical intervention (group I), after a single tooth extraction (group II), multiple tooth extraction (group III), and mucoperiosteal flap elevation (group IV). The bacterial isolates were grown using a broth culture (Bactec) and lysis centrifugation (Paediatric Isolator) techniques. Dental plaque deposits, gingivitis, spontaneous gingival bleeding and the presence/absence of a dental abscess were recorded and their relationship to bacteremia assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The broth culture was positive for group I 11% of the time, group II for 43%, group III for 54%, and group IV for 43%. The Paediatric Isolator system was found to be a poor method for detecting bacteremia, having only one quarter the sensitivity of the broth culture technique. When organisms were isolated, the intensity of bacteremia ranged from 1 to 3400 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL). Bacterial isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis, but erythromycin, gentamycin, penicillin G, and teicoplanin were only 80% (or less) effective in their efficacy while chlorhexidine, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin were between 92 and 100% effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibiotics commonly used for an oral and/or parenteral prophylaxis are likely to be effective on at least 80% of occasions with most of them effective on 100% of occasions.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Longhurst
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002498:Centrifugation; D002648:Child; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D019140:Dental Care for Children; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003470:Culture Media; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; D002981:Clindamycin; D017334:Teicoplanin; D004917:Erythromycin; D014640:Vancomycin; D000658:Amoxicillin; D010400:Penicillin G; D002710:Chlorhexidine