title: Endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the indications, technique, and results of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in children with congenital and acquired disorders of the nasolacrimal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four children ranging in age from 10 months to 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary or revision endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy performed via a joint otolaryngologic-ophthalmologic team approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of surgical complications and postoperative clinical status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of follow-up was 10 to 24 months with a successful clinical outcome in all 4 children. Two procedures were complicated by nasal vestibule skin abrasions secondary to rotation of the drill shaft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the technical challenges posed by the small anatomical dimensions of the pediatric nasal airway, the combination of proper otolaryngologic endoscopic instrumentation and ophthalmologic lacrimal sac transillumination guidance allows for the safe and successful performance of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in the pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Woog
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies