title: Evaluation of possible correlations between antifungal susceptibilities of filamentous fungi in vitro and antifungal treatment outcomes in animal infection models.
abstract: Nine isolates of filamentous fungi previously tested in 11 different laboratories for their susceptibilities to amphotericin B and itraconazole in vitro were injected intravenously into mice and guinea pigs, and responses to treatment with both agents were studied. The experiments were done in a single laboratory. Mean survival times, the percentages of animals surviving 12 days after infection, and culture results for samples of deep organs obtained postmortem were used as markers of antifungal efficacy. Because of variations in organism pathogenicity, interpretable test systems in vivo could not be established for Fusarium spp. in mice or guinea pigs or for Pseudallescheria boydii in mice, even with the use of immunosuppressive pretreatments. Among the infections that could be evaluated, some degree of response to the corresponding treatment in vivo was seen in animals infected with each of two Rhizopus arrhizus isolates susceptible to amphotericin B at < 0.5 microg/ml and Aspergillus spp. isolates susceptible to itraconazole at < 1.0 microg/ml. Conversely, no responses were apparent with infecting strains for which MICs were > or = 2 microg/ml (amphotericin B) or > or = 1 microg/ml (itraconazole). However, the limitations of the intravenous challenge systems studied mean that no firm conclusion relating MICs in vitro to the lowest effective doses in vivo could be drawn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium. fodds@janbelc1.ssw.jnj.com
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Odds
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Gerven
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinel-Ingroff
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghannoum
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rex
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008271:Mycetoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011541:Pseudallescheria / Q000187:drug effects*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B