title: The effects of smoking on periodontal disease and periodontal therapies.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. In addition, there is an association between a reduced healing response subsequent to various periodontal therapies and cigarette smoking. As providers of dental care, it is our responsibility to inform our patients of the deleterious effects of smoking as well as the benefits of the cessation of this habit.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hempton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation