title: Etk/Bmx, a tyrosine kinase with a pleckstrin-homology domain, is an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and is involved in interleukin 6-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Etk/Bmx is the newest member of Btk tyrosine kinase family that contains a pleckstrin homology domain, an src homology 3 domain, an src homology 2 domain, and a catalytic domain. Unlike other members of the Btk family kinases, which are mostly hemopoietic cell-specific, Etk/Bmx is preferentially expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells. We first identified this kinase in prostate cancer [Robinson, D., He, F., Pretlow, T. & Kung, H. J. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5958-5962). Here we report that Etk is engaged in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway and plays a pivotal role in interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling in a prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. Our evidence that PI3-kinase is involved in Etk activation includes: (i) Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3-kinase, abolished the activation of Etk by IL-6; (ii) a constitutively active p110 subunit of PI3-kinase was able to activate Etk in the absence of IL-6; and (iii) a dominant negative p85 subunit of PI3-kinase mutant blocked the activation of Etk by IL-6. Interestingly, IL-6 treatment of LNCaP induced a remarkable neuroendocrine-like differentiation phenotype, with neurite extension and enhanced expression of neuronal markers. This phenotype could be abrogated by the overexpression of a dominant-negative Etk, indicating Etk is required for this differentiation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Pretlow
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000473:pathology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C492367:BMX protein, human; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases