title: Gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system in relation to hypertension and parental history of myocardial infarction and stroke: the PEGASE study. Projet d'Etude des Gènes de l'Hypertension Artérielle Sévère à modérée Essentielle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a possible involvement of polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system in predisposition to moderate and severe hypertension and their relationship to parental histories of myocardial infarction and stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypertensive cases (453 men, 326 women) were patients followed up by general practitioners for established hypertension. Inclusion criteria were an age of onset of hypertension < or = 60 years and a diastolic blood pressure > or = 105 mmHg without antihypertensive medication or > or = 100 mmHg under treatment. Normotensive controls were selected from population-based samples (362 men) and during a preventative medicine visit (170 women). Polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT M235T and T174M), the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D), and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AGT1R A1166C) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AGTT235 allele prevalence was higher among male hypertensive cases than it was among controls (0.46 versus 0.40, P = 0.01) and a similar trend was observed with female cases whose hypertension had been diagnosed before they were aged 45 years (0.44 versus 0.38, P = 0.20). The AGT1R C1166 allele prevalence was higher among female hypertensives than it was among controls (0.30 versus 0.23, P = 0.03) but no such difference was observed for men. The AGT T174M and ACE I/D polymorphisms were not associated with hypertension. Hypertensive patients reporting a parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years had a higher prevalence of the ACE D allele than did those without such a parental history (0.68 versus 0.56, P = 0.01). The ACE D allele prevalence was also greater among patients reporting a parental history of stroke incidence before age 65 years (0.66 versus 0.57, P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the hypothesis that the AGT gene plays a role in predisposition to hypertension and that the ACE gene plays a role in predisposition to acute ischemic events.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U258, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tiret
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruidavets
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arveiler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luc
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jeunemaitre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tichet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Plouin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010290:Parents; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A