title: Glutamate induces hydroxyl radical formation in vivo via activation of nitric oxide synthase in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: It was recently reported that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) generates oxygen-derived free radicals in vitro at low concentrations of L-arginine. Using the microdialysis technique, we monitored both hydroxyl radical (.OH) and nitric oxide (.NO) formation in rat striatum perfused with glutamate (500 mM). .OH and .NO were quantitated in microdialysates by measuring the amounts of the non-enzymatic hydroxylation product of salicylate (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and the metabolites of .NO (nitrite + nitrate), respectively. .OH levels were dramatically increased during glutamate perfusion, while .NO generation was virtually abolished. .OH production was inhibited by the specific NOS blocker, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. This effect was not reversed but potentiated by L-arginine. Thus, it is likely that NOS generates oxygen-derived free radicals instead of .NO in brain subjected to highly excitotoxic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lancelot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lecanu
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Revaud
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Boulu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plotkine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Callebert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012459:Salicylates / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D009498:Neurotoxins; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012459:Salicylates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C009135:2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester