title: Identification and characterization of an MGSA/GRO pseudogene.
abstract: Three linked genes for the CXC-chemokine melanoma growth stimulatory activity/growth related protein (MGSA/GRO) have been previously characterized and mapped to chromosome 4q12-q13. We have isolated and characterized a pseudogene, MGSA/GRO delta, which is 83% similar to the MGSA/GRO alpha gene in the region spanning the 5' UTR, first and second exons, and the first intron. The 5' upstream sequence for the MGSA/GRO delta gene, which is also very similar to the MGSA/GRO alpha, beta, gamma genes, contains a conserved NF-kappa B motif, a TATA box, and a transcription initiation site. However, the sequence becomes markedly divergent after the second exon and hybridization studies indicate that sequences similar to the third and forth exons of other MGSA/GRO genes are not present in this gene. Additional sequence differences include alteration of the MGSA/GRO delta translation initiation codon and a one base insertion resulting in an apparent frame shift and early termination within exon 2. Multiple mutations such as these are characteristic of pseudogenes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37212-2637, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Shattuck-Brandt
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richmond
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011544:Pseudogenes / Q000235:genetics; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins