title: Surface integrity of composite inlays following ultrasonic vibration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the surface integrity of a resin composite inlay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonic vibration in the form of a scaling tip oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the surface was applied to 2 mm thick, 10 mm wide composite discs and the experiment was repeated with the probe oriented perpendicular using composite or rubber shields. The indentations produced were measured using a form Talysurf profilometer. The surfaces of the discs were also observed using scanning electron microscopy. Five discs were used for each experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both parallel and perpendicular orientations produced an indentation with a scattering of composite debris. A significant increase in the depth of indentation occurred if the vibrations of the ultrasonic scaler were oriented parallel to the composite surface (Two sample t- test, P < 0.01). The presence of a composite shield significantly reduced (Mann-Whitney, P < 0.05) the depth of indentation but produced roughening of the surface with impaction of material from the shield onto the surface. The rubber shield, however, polished the surface significantly smoother than the control specimens (Mann-Whitney, P < 0.05). Microscope slide separation was used to measure the thickness of composite luting agent following vibration with an ultrasonic scaling tip with and without a protective sleeve. There was a significantly thinner film of luting agent when an unsleeved scaler was used (ANOVA, P < 0.001). Although an unguarded tip oriented perpendicular to the surface appears to result in the best energy transfer for a thin layer of composite luting agent, it does, however, create minimal surface damage.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Walmsley
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lumley
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blunt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spence
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D007284:Inlays / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; C065770:Herculite XR