Renal impairment in chronic cigarette smokers.
To determine the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on renal function, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 30 subjects who had no known vascular disease risk factor other than cigarette smoking, and 24 age- and sex-matched controls without any vascular risk factor including cigarette smoking. Renal function by radionuclide studies of renal plasma flow, GFR, and plasma endothelin-1 concentration was determined. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers had a renal function impairment characterized by a normal GFR and a significant reduction in renal plasma flow as reflected by MAG3 clearance (199.20 +/- 58.85 ml/min per 1.73 m2 versus 256.54 +/- 60.14 ml/min per 1.73 m2; t = 3.52, P < 0.001). MAG3 clearance was significantly correlated with age and smoking. The renal dysfunction was associated with an increase in plasma endothelin-1 concentration (21.56 +/- 1.15 pmol/L versus 25.01 +/- 3.21 pmol/L; t = 5.00, P < 0.001). Former smokers as well had similar, although milder, abnormalities. In conclusion, cigarette smokers manifest an impairment of renal function, suggesting that smoke may have a detrimental effect on renal function.
Gambaro
G
G
Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
Verlato
F
F
Budakovic
A
A
Casara
D
D
Saladini
G
G
Del Prete
D
D
Bertaglia
G
G
Masiero
M
M
Checchetto
S
S
Baggio
B
B
D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012079:Renal Circulation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019332:Endothelin-1; C096273:N-(mercaptoacetyl)glycine; D005998:Glycine