title: Physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans. The Pitt County Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies directly examining the association between physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans are rare. Consequently, the strength of this association in this ethnic minority group remains unclear. The current study broadly characterizes the types of physical activity engaged in by a community sample of working-class African-Americans and then quantifies the association between physical activity and NIDDM risk in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the 1993 reexamination of participants in the Pitt County Study in North Carolina, data on NIDDM history, current use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, and approximately 12-h overnight fasting blood glucose (FBG) were obtained from 598 women and 318 men, ages 30-55 years. The presence of NIDDM was determined by current insulin or medication use and FBG > or = 140 mg/dl. Study participants were assigned to one of four categories of physical activity: strenuous, moderate, low, or inactive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weighted prevalence of NIDDM in the sample was 7.1%. After adjustment was made for age, sex, education, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio, NIDDM risk for moderately active subjects was one-third that for the physically inactive subjects (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12-0.98). The ORs for low (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-1.29) and strenuous (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.26-1.63) activity also tended to be lower. A summary OR that contrasted any activity versus no activity was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.23-1.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate physical activity was strongly associated with reduced risk for NIDDM in this sample. While replication of these findings is needed, public health interventions designed to increase moderate (leisure-time) physical activity in black adults should be strongly encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. sjames@umich.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jamjoum
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Raghunathan
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Strogatz
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Furth
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Khazanie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003710:Demography; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin