title: Learning to care for dying patients: a controlled longitudinal study of a death education course.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examines the long-term impact of a medical-school death education course on death-related anxiety and attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-year longitudinal, controlled study design was used. Ninety-nine course participants and 92 controls were initially evaluated using the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale and a semantic differential technique measuring attitudes toward the dying patient and his or her family. The evaluation was repeated at the end of the course and yearly thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attitudes towards "treating the dying patient" and "dealing with the dying patient's family" were improved as a result of the course. The effects were sustained throughout medical school, with significant differences between the groups at the end of the course (p < 0.001) and for third-year students (p < or = 0.002). Regarding fear of death, analyses showed no significant group-time interaction at any test period (p > or = 0.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preclinical education has an enduring effect on attitudes involving end-of-life care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loscalzo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001293:Attitude to Death; D004501:Education, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D013727:Terminal Care; D014481:United States