title: Bladder control a consequence of maturation: evidence after renal transplantation.
abstract: This report contains case studies on three children with early end-stage renal failure due to renal malformation or nephrotic syndrome, but without bladder involvement. All patients became anuric in the second year of life, before having obtained bladder control. They underwent successful cadaveric renal transplantation, having been anuric for almost 2 to 4 years. When the bladder catheter was removed 5 days after transplantation, all three children asked for the urine potty without ever having been prompted. Three weeks after transplantation, all three children achieved complete bladder control during the day, and two of them also at night. These observations add further evidence to the notion that the development of bladder control is a consequence of maturation and not of training.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Largo
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*