title: A localized double-quantum filter for the in vivo detection of brain glucose.
abstract: A double-quantum filter (DQF) sequence with PRESS localization was developed for in vivo detection of the glucose resonances in the 3.85-ppm region of the brain proton spectrum. The efficiency and spectral editing characteristics were studied in phantom and animal experiments. Approximately 45% detection efficiency was achieved at 4.7 T with TE = 68 ms. Since the efficiency of the DQF method is dependent on the relative phases of the RF pulses, a phase calibration procedure was used to correct for phase shifts induced by the spatial localization. In addition to detecting the 3.85-ppm glucose resonances with approximately 45% efficiency, the DQF sequence simultaneously detects 1.3-ppm lactate resonance with approximately 20% efficiency. The use of the DQF technique for simultaneously monitoring both the input and output of anaerobic glycolysis in the brain was demonstrated by detecting brain glucose and lactate in the same acquisition after iv injection of glucose followed by the induction of global ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Harvard University-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Keltner
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ledden
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Küestermann
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006019:Glycolysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D008961:Models, Structural; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose