title: Rate of surfactant administration influences lung function and gas exchange in a surfactant-deficient rabbit model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to test whether the effect of surfactant treatment on lung function in a surfactant-deficient animal model can be influenced by the rate at which surfactant is administered. Surfactant deficiency was induced in 18 New Zealand white rabbits (weighing approx. 1 kg each) by lung lavage with normal saline. The arterial/alveolar oxygen ratio (a/A ratio), functional residual capacity (FRC), dynamic compliance of the respiratory system (Crs), tidal volume (V(T)), alveolar portion of the tidal volume (V(A)) and arterial P(CO2) (P(a,CO2)) were measured before and after lavage and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration of a single dose of surfactant (Survanta, 100 mg/kg). Two surfactant administration protocols were compared over a 2-h interval: an infusion lasting 4 min and an infusion over 2 min. Both administrations were given during continuous mechanical ventilation. The six lung function and gas exchange parameters improved significantly following surfactant administration over 2 min compared with a control group. However, only the a/A ratio and V(A) improved following the 4-min protocol. Comparison of the two intervention protocols yielded significantly differences in V(A) and P(a,CO2), favoring the shorter administration. These results support the hypothesis that fast (2 min) administration of surfactant will improve its distribution to formerly collapsed alveoli and results in better lung function, improved ventilation, and (to a lesser extent) better oxygenation than prolonged infusions (4 min).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Ludwigs University, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte-Mönting
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoehn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011312:Pressure; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C072197:beractant; D010100:Oxygen