title: Interferon-gamma-producing cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase-producing cells in periapical granulomas.
abstract: Periapical granulomas contain a large number of T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages and a small number of B lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Sections from eight periapical granulomas were stained by a variety of immunohistochemical methods. The vascular endothelial cells stained positively for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Helper T cells were identified by immunostaining for CD4 and stained positively for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). However, CD4-positive T cells did not stain for interleukin-4 (IL-4). Monocytes/macrophages were identified by immunostaining for CD68 and stained positively for IL-1alpha or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). IL-1beta could not be detected in the same samples. No cytokine expression was observed in B cells identified by immunostaining for CD20. IFN-gamma- and iNOS-positive cells could not be detected in clinically healthy periodontal ligament being used as a negative control. These results suggest that the IFN-gamma-producing T cells and iNOS-positive cells may modulate the progress of disease in local inflammation sites such as in periapical granulomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iijima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010484:Periapical Granuloma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C496319:NOS2 protein, human