title: Anoxic injury of endothelial cells causes divergent changes in protein kinase C and protein kinase A signaling pathways.
abstract: Alterations in protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent kinase have been documented in anoxic brain injury. However, the regulation of these signaling enzymes in the cerebrovasculature has not been explored. In this study, cultured brain endothelial cells exposed to anoxic injury (anoxia--20 min/reoxygenation--40 min) showed both a significant increase (p < 0.001) in PKC and decrease (p < 0.01) in cAMP-dependent kinase activity. Analysis of PKC by Western blot indicated an increase in kinase level in response to anoxic injury, whereas there was no change in the level of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, as measured by labeled cAMP binding. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase did not affect these changes. Addition of the nitric oxide-releasing compound sodium nitroprusside caused a dose-dependent increase in the activity of both signaling systems in endothelial cells. These data demonstrate that anoxic injury of brain endothelial cells in culture causes significant and divergent changes in signaling kinase activity. Abnormalities in brain endothelial PKC and cAMP-dependent kinase could have important consequences for the blood-brain barrier in anoxic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190, USA. paula-grammas@uokhsc.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grammas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cashman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Floyd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain; D007700:Kinetics; D008959:Models, Neurological; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester