title: Rhenium-188(Sn)HEDP for treatment of osseous metastases.
abstract: Rhenium-188 (tin) hydroxyethylidine diphosphonate [188Re(Sn)HEDP] is a new radiopharmaceutical that localizes in skeletal metastases and emits beta particles that may be therapeutically beneficial.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo testing in the laboratory, in animals and in humans using 188Re from a variety of sources. It may be produced by a desk-top method developed previously for 186Re(Sn)HEDP using 188Re produced through neutron irradiation of either enriched 187Re or naturally occurring rhenium targets or the use of a 188W/188Re generator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  So long as the mass of rhenium in the 188Re-perrhenate to be processed into 188Re(Sn)HEDP is at least 100 microg, satisfactory radiochemical yields and purity may be obtained by all methods. The 188Re(Sn)HEDP has biodistribution and radiation dosimetry characteristics that are similar to those noted previously for 186Re(Sn)HEDP and appears to result in similar benefits and toxicities in patients with skeletal metastases. External radiation exposure monitoring indicates that, only 4 hr after a therapeutic administration of 1110 MBq (30 mCi) of 188Re(Sn)HEDP, average exposure rates at 1 meter from the patient would be only 0.5 mR/hr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Same-day, on-demand, outpatient therapy of disseminated skeletal metastases appears to be feasible with 188Re(Sn)HEDP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267-0577, USA.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Maxon
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Schroder
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Samaratunga
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biniakiewicz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moulton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D011876:Radionuclide Generators; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D051381:Rats; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064573:rhenium-186(tin)etidronate; D012968:Etidronic Acid