title: Structural characterization of the hydrophobin SC3, as a monomer and after self-assembly at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces.
abstract: Hydrophobins are small fungal proteins that self-assemble at hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces into amphipathic membranes that, in the case of Class I hydrophobins, can be disassembled only by treatment with agents like pure trifluoroacetic acid. Here we characterize, by spectroscopic techniques, the structural changes that occur upon assembly at an air/water interface and upon assembly on a hydrophobic solid surface, and the influence of deglycosylation on these events. We determined that the hydrophobin SC3 from Schizophyllum commune contains 16-22 O-linked mannose residues, probably attached to the N-terminal part of the peptide chain. Scanning force microscopy revealed that SC3 adsorbs specifically to a hydrophobic surface and cannot be removed by heating at 100 degrees C in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the monomeric, water-soluble form of the protein is rich in beta-sheet structure and that the amount of beta-sheet is increased after self-assembly on a water-air interface. Alpha-helix is induced specifically upon assembly of the protein on a hydrophobic solid. We propose a model for the formation of rodlets, which may be induced by dehydration and a conformational change of the glycosylated part of the protein, resulting in the formation of an amphipathic alpha-helix that forms an anchor for binding to a substrate. The assembly in the beta-sheet form seems to be involved in lowering of the surface tension, a potential function of hydrophobins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Vocht
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scholtmeijer
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: van der Vegte
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sonveaux
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Wösten
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruysschaert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hadziloannou
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wessels
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Robillard
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000388:Air; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006031:Glycosylation; D008358:Mannose / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012567:Schizophyllum / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013500:Surface Tension; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014867:Water; D008358:Mannose