title: T-cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor subunits in generalized and ocular myasthenia gravis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to identify the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits recognized by autoimmune CD4+ T cells in myasthenia gravis (MG) and determine whether they differ in generalized (gMG) and ocular MG (oMG), and as gMG progresses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the proliferative response of blood CD4+ cells from 25 patients with gMG and four patients with oMG to synthetic peptides spanning the sequence of each subunit of human muscle AChR. We also investigated the antisubunit response of Th1 cells (a CD4+ subset frequently involved in autoimmune phenomena) using an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay of antigen-induced secretion of interferon-gamma by individual CD4 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In gMG patients both the total CD4+ population and the Th1 subset recognized all AChR subunits to comparable extents. oMG patients recognized the AChR epsilon subunit minimally, and other subunits consistently and more strongly. gMG patients whose disease had lasted less than 5 years had lower antisubunit responses, and several of them did not recognize some AChR subunits; patients whose disease had lasted for 5 or more years had higher antisubunit responses and always responded to all AChR subunits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4+ and Thl responses in MG involve the entire AChR molecule. This likely results from spreading of the CD4+ sensitization to increasingly larger parts of the AChR as the disease progresses. The differential recognition of AChR subunits in oMG might be related to the preferential involvement of extrinsic ocular muscles, which express AChR containing the gamma subunit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Conti-Fine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D007371:Interferon-gamma