title: Cytokine levels in cystic renal masses associated with renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared cytokine levels in fluid from renal cysts with and without renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluid was aspirated from 18 renal cysts without (benign) and 21 with renal cell carcinoma (malignant). Serum from patients with renal cell carcinoma and healthy controls was collected and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and basic fibroblast growth factor concentrations were higher in malignant than benign cysts or serum (p <0.006). Epidermal growth factor levels were significantly higher in malignant cysts and serum than in benign cysts (p <0.01). IL-6 levels in malignant cysts positively correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R=0.80) and C-reactive protein (R=0.86), and they were higher in grade 3 than in grade 2 tumors. Basic fibroblast growth factor levels were significantly higher in malignant cysts associated with hypervascular than hypovascular tumors (p=0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine levels in aspirated fluid may help to identify malignant renal cysts and indicate the characteristics of coexisting tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor