title: Esculentoside A inhibits tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.
abstract: Esculentoside A, a kind of saponin isolated from the root of the Chinese herb Phytolaca esculenta, is reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects in acute and chronic experimental models. In the present study, we investigated the effects of esculentoside A on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that esculentoside A (0.1-10 mumol/l) significantly reduced the release of TNF from the peritoneal macrophages derived from mice pretreated with thioglycolate. IL-1 and IL-6 secretion was also obviously inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by esculentoside A from 0.01 to 10 mumol/l. In vivo experiments demonstrated that detectable TNF was observed 0.25 h after injection, was maximal at 0.5 h, and returned to baseline at 4 h. Maximal production of IL-1 and IL-6 were observed to be 1 and 2 h, respectively, after injection of LPS. Pretreatment of mice with 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg esculentoside A once a day for 7 consecutive days dose-dependently decreased the TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 levels in the sera of mice following LPS challenge. TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 are important cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of esculentoside A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Q Y
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012503:Saponins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C076297:esculentoside A; D009828:Oleanolic Acid