title: The Kidney Outcomes Prediction and Evaluation (KOPE) study: a prospective cohort investigation of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Study design and baseline characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the Kidney Outcomes Prediction and Evaluation (KOPE) study, was to more fully characterize the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population with respect to social, psychological, and clinical characteristics, and to prospectively study the biomedical, social, and psychological factors that influence a range of ESRD outcomes in a large observational study of black and white patients on hemodialysis. This paper focuses on the KOPE study design as well as characteristics of patients at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  KOPE was a prospective cohort investigation of patients treated at four dialysis centers in Forsyth County, North Carolina. Participants were interviewed at the dialysis centers, semi-annually over a 3 1/2 year period. Prevalent cases who were being treated with hemodialysis at the initiation of the study were enrolled into KOPE. Incident cases were subsequently enrolled as they presented to the participating units for hemodialysis. A total of 304 prevalent and 162 incident cases were enrolled into the study. The baseline health and sociodemographic characteristics of KOPE participants reported in this paper were obtained from medical records and Southeast Kidney Council data. Laboratory values taken within a 30-day interval around the baseline interview are also reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KOPE participants differ from national statistics on race, age, and gender. Differences between KOPE participants and patients living in the region, but who did not participate in the study, can be explained by our recruitment criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KOPE will enable the characterization of the ESRD population, identification of factors related to poor outcomes, and identification of opportunities for interventions to prevent death and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157-1063, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sevick
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shumaker
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burkart
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rushing
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bradham
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011315:Preventive Medicine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012107:Research Design; D012944:Social Support