title: Adult and two children with fetal methotrexate syndrome.
abstract: The folic acid antagonists, methotrexate and aminopterin, are known to be teratogenic in humans. The critical period for their teratogenecity is suspected to be between 6 to 8 weeks post-conception. Fetal exposure from 10 to 32 weeks weeks post-conception to methotrexate alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs has not resulted in obvious teratogenic effects. Methotrexate is often used to treat cancers but is occasionally used as an abortifacient. The long-term outcome of the fetal aminopterin syndrome has been published in only four adults. We report on a 28-year-old man with fetal methotrexate syndrome and two children with mild manifestations of the syndrome. One child was inadvertently exposed to methotrexate from 7 1/2 through 30 weeks post-conception because his mother was receiving it for treatment of breast cancer. The other was exposed from 11 weeks and 5 days through 25 weeks in an attempt to induce abortion. The 28-year-old man has craniofacial and digital anomalies, growth retardation but normal intelligence as noted in the previously reported cases. These cases remind us of the teratogenicity of methotrexate and should serve as a warning that if methotrexate is used as an abortifaciant and an abortion does not ensue, there is a teratogenic risk.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, USA.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Bawle
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Conard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000019:Abortifacient Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000630:Aminopterin / Q000009:adverse effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000139:chemically induced; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000188:drug therapy; D013577:Syndrome; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D000019:Abortifacient Agents; D013723:Teratogens; D000630:Aminopterin; D008727:Methotrexate