title: Resistance exercise prevents glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in heart transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of resistance exercise training (ET) on glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in heart transplant recipients (HTR), 14 male HTR were randomly assigned to a ET group that trained for 6 months (54 +/- 3 yr old; mean +/- SD) or a control group (51 +/- 8 yr old; mean +/- SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and 2 months after transplantation (Tx), and after 3 and 6 months of ET or control period. The exercise regimen consisted of lumbar extension (MedX) performed 1 d.wk-1 and variable resistance exercises (Nautilus) performed 2 d.wk-1. PreTx body composition did not differ between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 months after Tx, fat-free mass was significantly decreased below baseline in both control (-3.4 +/- 2.1%) and ET groups (-4.3 +/- 2.4%). Fat mass was significantly increased at 2 months after Tx in both the control (+8.3 +/- 2.8%) and ET groups (+7.3 +/- 4.0%). Six months of ET restored fat-free mass to levels 3.9 +/- 2.1% greater (P < or = 0.05) than before Tx. Fat-free mass of the control group decreased progressively to levels that were 7 +/- 4.4% lower than preTx values (P < or = 0.05). Both groups increased knee extension, chest press, and lumbar extensor strength, but improvements in the ET group were four- to six-fold greater (P < or = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that glucocorticoid-induced changes in body composition in HTR occur early after Tx. However, 6 months of specific ET restores fat-free mass to levels greater than before Tx and dramatically increases skeletal muscle strength. Resistance exercise, as part of a strategy to prevent steroid-induced myopathy, appears to be safe and should be initiated early after heart Tx.
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida 32611, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Braith
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Welsch
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pollock
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness; D014891:Weight Lifting
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids