title: Nifedipine pharmacological variables as risk factors for gingival overgrowth in organ-transplant patients.
abstract: The prevalence and severity of gingival overgrowth in organ-transplant patients medicated with cyclosporin are greater in patients concomitantly medicated with nifedipine; however, no relationship between the gingival overgrowth and any of the nifedipine pharmacological variables has been demonstrated. The study examined the effect of five nifedipine pharmacological variables (nifedipine dosage, plasma concentration and gingival crevicular fluid concentration, M1 metabolite plasma concentration and the nifedipine: M1 ratio). The effect of the nifedipine variables on the gingival overgrowth score were examined using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Adjustment for the effect of other risk factors was made by adding the distribution of each of the nifedipine variables in turn to a stepwise regression model containing previously identified risk factors for this condition. Despite the high levels of nifedipine sequestered in the GCF, only the plasma concentration of nifedipine was identified as a risk factor for the severity of gingival overgrowth in these patients (P = 0.01) once adjusted for other known risk factors (R2 for the model = 55%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. J.M.Thomason@Newcastle.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Seymour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009543:Nifedipine