title: PITALRE, the catalytic subunit of TAK, is required for human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivation in vivo.
abstract: The human cdc2-related kinase PITALRE is the catalytic component of TAK, the Tat-associated kinase. Previously, we have proposed that TAK is a cellular factor that mediates Tat transactivation function. Here we demonstrate that transient overexpression of PITALRE specifically squelches Tat-1 activation of both a transfected and an integrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR), suggesting that PITALRE mediates Tat function as a multiprotein complex. A catalytic mutant of PITALRE, D167N, was found to be more efficient than wild-type PITALRE in squelching Tat transactivation. Neither wild-type PITALRE nor D167N was able to squelch transactivation of the human T-cell leukemia type 1 LTR by the Tax protein. Additionally, we show that artificial targeting of PITALRE to a nascent RNA element, in the absence of Tat, activated HIV-1 LTR expression. These results indicate that a PITALRE-containing complex mediates transactivation by Tat and suggest that Tat proteins function by localizing such a PITALRE-containing complex to the site of the transcribing provirus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D002384:Catalysis; D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9; D015870:Gene Expression; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000235:genetics*; D015757:Genes, rev; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016662:Virus Integration; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D011494:Protein Kinases; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C467969:CDK9 protein, human; D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9