title: IL-18 (IFN-gamma-inducing factor) regulates early cytokine production in, and promotes resolution of, bacterial infection in mice.
abstract: IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production is essential for clearance of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Similar to IL-12, the recently described cytokine IL-18 (IFN-gamma-inducing factor) is produced by macrophages and induces IFN-gamma production in spleen cells. Therefore, we have investigated the role of IL-18 in Yersinia infection of mice. Heat-killed yersinia-triggered IL-18-promoted IFN-gamma production of splenocytes was predominantly dependent on endogenous IL-12 production, whereas IL-12-promoted IFN-gamma production was not IL-18 dependent. IL-18-induced IFN-gamma production was to a higher degree dependent on IFN-gammaR-mediated mechanisms and in synergism with IL-2 resulted in at least fivefold higher IFN-gamma levels as compared with the combination of IL-12 plus IL-2. Analysis of the effect of IL-18 on IL-12 production of LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages revealed that IL-18 decreased LPS-induced IL-12 production, indicating that IL-18 might be involved in negative regulation of IL-12 production. In vivo studies revealed that Yersinia-resistant C57BL/6 mice expressed fourfold higher IL-18 mRNA levels than did susceptible BALB/c mice. Administration of anti-IL-18 Abs caused a 100- to 1000-fold increase in bacterial counts in the spleen of infected mice but did not change IFN-gamma production levels. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-18 is involved in regulation of cytokine production during the early phase of bacterial infections as well as in clearance of Yersinia infection.
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bohn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sing
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zumbihl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bielfeldt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heesemann
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Autenrieth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology; D020382:Interleukin-18; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020382:Interleukin-18; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma