title: The timing of food availability affects growth in chicks.
abstract: Three experiments challenged the ability of domestic chicks to grow normally by differentially restricting when and for how long food was available. In Experiments 1 and 2, food was available for six 1-hr, three 2-hr, two 3-hr, or one 6-hr (a.m., p.m.) periods/day over the first 3 posthatch weeks. Control groups received continuous access to food. In Experiment 3, different amounts of light surrounded the 6-hr feeding period. In Experiments 2 and 3, chicks composed their own diets from separate sources high in protein or carbohydrate. Except for the single 6-hr meal preceding dark, large meals at other times of day impaired growth--primarily because chicks consumed insufficient dietary protein and ate less earlier in the light phase. We conclude that both the amount eaten and the proportion of the diet consumed as protein at given times of the day are phylogenetically acquired strategies that fit the omnivorous, diurnal chicken to its niche, independent of its momentary requirements, and appear early in development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rovee-Collier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayne
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Collier
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004326:Drinking; D004435:Eating; D004463:Ecology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D007323:Instinct; D009043:Motor Activity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins