title: The normal counterpart of IgD myeloma cells in germinal center displays extensively mutated IgVH gene, Cmu-Cdelta switch, and lambda light chain expression.
abstract: Human myeloma are incurable hematologic cancers of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells in bone marrow. Although malignant plasma cells can be almost eradicated from the patient's bone marrow by chemotherapy, drug-resistant myeloma precursor cells persist in an apparently cryptic compartment. Controversy exists as to whether myeloma precursor cells are hematopoietic stem cells, pre-B cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, circulating memory cells, or plasma blasts. This situation reflects what has been a general problem in cancer research for years: how to compare a tumor with its normal counterpart. Although several studies have demonstrated somatically mutated immunoglobulin variable region genes in multiple myeloma, it is unclear if myeloma cells are derived from GCs or post-GC memory B cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig)D-secreting myeloma have two unique immunoglobulin features, including a biased lambda light chain expression and a Cmu-Cdelta isotype switch. Using surface markers, we have previously isolated a population of surface IgM-IgD+CD38+ GC B cells that carry the most impressive somatic mutation in their IgV genes. Here we show that this population of GC B cells displays the two molecular features of IgD-secreting myeloma cells: a biased lambda light chain expression and a C&mu-Cdelta isotype switch. The demonstration of these peculiar GC B cells to differentiate into IgD-secreting plasma cells but not memory B cells both in vivo and in vitro suggests that IgD-secreting plasma and myeloma cells are derived from GCs.
authors.affiliation: Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arpin
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: de Bouteiller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Razanajaona
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fugier-Vivier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brière
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Banchereau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebecque
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000235:genetics*; D007072:Immunoglobulin D / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics; D007138:Immunoglobulin delta-Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007142:Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007148:Immunoglobulin mu-Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000276:immunology*; D009154:Mutation; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D007072:Immunoglobulin D; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007138:Immunoglobulin delta-Chains; D007142:Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains; D007148:Immunoglobulin mu-Chains