title: Hippocampal neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous neuropathological and neuroimaging studies have documented neuronal loss in the hippocampal region in schizophrenia. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is a neuronal/axonal marker that may be utilized to assess neuronal loss or dysfunction by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). This study measured NAA, choline, and creatine in the hippocampal region of patients with schizophrenia using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  1H MRSI was performed on the right and left hippocampal regions in 30 chronic schizophrenic patients and 18 control subjects. Concentration estimates of NAA, creatine, and choline were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the control group, the patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significantly lower NAA in both the right and left hippocampal regions. No group differences in choline were noted; however, there was a trend for creatine to be higher on the left than the right hippocampus in the schizophrenic group. There was also no association between NAA and duration of illness or medication dosage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study provides support for neuronal dysfunction and/or decreased neuronal density in the hippocampal region. The absence of choline signal elevation does not support accelerated turnover of membrane phospholipids, which might be expected if there were ongoing neuronal atrophy or neuronal necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Deicken
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schuff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fein
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate