title: Functional restoration for chronic low back pain. Two-year follow-up of two randomized clinical trials.
abstract: METHODS
  Two randomized, prospective clinical trials involving 238 chronic low back disability patients were carried out. Results at 2-year follow-up are presented.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical outcomes of a multidisciplinary functional restoration program with a nontreated control group (Project A) and with two less intensive but different training programs (Project B).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of functional restoration programs has not been firmly established. Results from trials carried out in the United States differ from those in trials conducted in other countries. Only a few of these studies have been carried out as prospective and randomized clinical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-eight patients with chronic low back disability of at least 6 months' duration were included. There were 106 patients in project A and 132 patients in project B. Two years after completion of treatment patients were mailed a questionnaire that included questions regarding their work status, pain and disability levels, number of sick leave days, number of medical care contacts, medication use, physical activity levels, and subjective overall assessment of their "back life situation."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in both studies were comparable at inclusion, except that patients in Project A were recruited from all of Denmark, whereas those in Project B were from the greater Copenhagen area. Thirteen patients did not report for treatment after randomization. Of the remaining 225 patients, 20 (9%) did not complete treatment. The questionnaire response rate was 94%. In Project A, those patients receiving treatment (functional restoration) reported significantly less contact with the health care system, fewer sick leave days, and a less disabled life style during the follow-up period, compared with reports of patients in the control group. Other effect parameters did not demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups. In Project B, all effect parameters reported, except leg pain and medication usage, were significantly in favor of functional restoration, compared with reports from the less intensively treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional restoration program seems effective in various parameters compared with the less intensive programs, but the differences in outcome in the two parallel studies indicate the necessity of testing a treatment program in different settings, in that the statistical variation may be a major factor in results of different studies.
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Back Center, University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bendix
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bendix
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labriola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boekgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome