title: Gin4 of S. cerevisiae is a bud neck protein that interacts with the Cdc28 complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of proteins make up the Cdc28 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and regulate CDK activity. The cell cycle regulator Nik1 (Hsl1) is a protein kinase that interacts with the Cdc28 complex. The growth inhibitor Gin4 is structurally similar to Nik1 and may play a redundant role in the regulation of the cell cycle. We investigated the functions of Gin4 with respect to those of Nik1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GIN4 was not essential for growth, and cells deficient in the GIN4 gene displayed no obvious defects in cell cycle regulation. The delta(gin)4 delta(nik)1 strain was temperature sensitive and showed an abnormal cell shape and FACS profile at permissive temperatures. GFP-fused Gin4 was localized at the bud-neck from late G1 to the M phase. Over-production of the C-terminal portion of Gin4 was toxic for cell growth, and this domain was required for the bud-neck localization of Gin4-GFP. High copy expression of Gin4-GFP disturbed the bud-neck localization of Gin4 in the abnormally elongated cells. Cytokinesis was defective in the delta(gin)4 cdc28 double mutants. The GST-Gin4 fusion protein physically associates with the Cdc28 complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gin4 is a bud-neck protein. GIN4 and NIK1 have distinct but partially overlapping functions. The major function of GIN4 is to ensure proper mitotic progression and cytokinesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okuzaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojima
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016193:G1 Phase; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008938:Mitosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016196:S Phase; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C107283:GIN4 protein, S cerevisiae; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases