title: Hemophilia growth and development study: relationships between neuropsychological, neurological, and MRI findings at baseline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on children's development by identifying neurological and environmental variables associated with neuropsychological measures of cognitive development in HIV-seronegative (HIV-) and HIV-seropositive (HIV+)children and adolescents with hemophilia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 298; 60% HIV+) were males ages 7-19 years enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS). Least squares modeling was used to determine whether there was a difference at baseline in mean neuropsychological test scores by HIV status, age, and neurological baseline findings, adjusting for selected environmental and medical history variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants were within age expectations for general intelligence. Variables associated with lowered neuropsychological performance included academic problems, coordination and/or gait abnormalities, parents' education, and previous head trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemophilia-related morbidity has a subtle adverse influence on cognitive performance. HIV infection was not associated with neuropsychological dysfunction in this group even when MRI abnormalities were present.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University Medical Center, Section of Hematology/Medical Oncology, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. psirois@tmcpop
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sirois
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Usner
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Loveland
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stehbens
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donfield
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maeder
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amodei
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Contant
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Willis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology