title: Benefit of heparin in peripheral venous and arterial catheters: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of heparin on duration of catheter patency and on prevention of complications associated with use of peripheral venous and arterial catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical appraisal and meta-analysis of 26 randomised controlled trials that evaluated infusion of heparin intermittently or continuously. Thirteen trials of peripheral venous catheters and two of peripheral arterial catheters met criteria for inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on the populations, interventions, outcomes, and methodological quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For peripheral venous catheters locked between use flushing with 10 U/ml of heparin instead of normal saline did not reduce the incidence of catheter clotting and phlebitis or improve catheter patency. When heparin was given as a continuous infusion at 1 U/ml the risk of phlebitis decreased (relative risk 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.77), the duration of patency increased, and infusion failure was reduced (0.88; 0.72 to 1.07). Heparin significantly prolonged duration of patency of radial artery catheters and decreased the risk of clot formation (0.51; 0.42 to 0.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of intermittent heparin flushes at doses of 10 U/ml in peripheral venous catheters locked between use had no benefit over normal saline flush. Infusion of low dose heparin through a peripheral arterial catheter prolonged the duration of patency but further study is needed to establish its benefit for peripheral venous catheters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin