title: Determinants of spontaneous extrapyramidal symptoms in elderly psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, or psychotic disorders.
abstract: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) occur more frequently in dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) than in normal aging. Other late-life mental disorders, however, have also been associated with EPS. To examine whether EPS are increased in DAT patients relative to neuropsychiatric control subjects, the authors compared EPS in 127 neuroleptic-free elderly patients diagnosed with either DAT, major depressive disorder (MDD), or a psychotic disorder (SCHIZ/DELUS). They also examined whether depressive or psychotic symptoms were associated with EPS independently of diagnosis. Severity of parkinsonian rigidity was found to be independently associated with DAT. Rank order of rigidity was DAT > MDD > SCHIZ/DELUS. Bradykinesia, although not associated with diagnostic group, was positively correlated with withdrawn depression. These findings suggest that rigidity is associated with DAT independently of any concurrent psychotic or depressive process, whereas bradykinesia does not appear to be specific to DAT among late-life neuropsychiatric illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA. sweetra@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pasternak
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Zubenko
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents