title: Relationships between fluid and electrolyte hormones and plasma volume during exercise with training and detraining.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between training-induced alterations in plasma volume (PV) and changes in fluid and electrolyte regulatory hormones during prolonged exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven male subjects (VO2peak 49.2 +/- 2.4 mL.kg-1.min-1, X +/- SE) performed a cycling test before (C) and after (T) 6 d of training and after 6 d of detraining (DT). Training was conducted for 2 h.d-1 at 68% VO2peak at a room temperature between 26-28 degrees C. The 60-min exercise challenge included 20 min at 50%, 65%, and 75% VO2peak workloads.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training resulted in a calculated 13.8 +/- 1.6% PV expansion (P < 0.05) which recovered to C levels with DT (1.8 +/- 2.3%, P > 0.05). Compared with that at C, training resulted in a reduction of aldosterone (ALDO) concentration at all exercise intensities (P < 0.05) which normalized to C levels with DT. With T, epinephrine (EPI) concentrations were reduced at the highest power output only (365 +/- 51 vs 113 +/- 22 pg.mL-1; P < 0.05) and returned to C levels with DT. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were also reduced at the highest workload only (20.2 +/- 3.2 pg.mL-1 vs 10.4 +/- 0.7 pg.mL-1; P < 0.05) and remained depressed after DT (11.8 +/- 1.3 pg.mL-1; P < 0.05). Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and norepinephrine (NOREPI) were not affected by T or DT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that concentrations of ALDO, and to a lesser extent EPI, during exercise are related to PV levels, whereas ANF and NOREPI concentrations are not. AVP concentrations are related to other adaptive factors, the effects of which persist for a longer time course than do PV changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ball-Burnett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D010953:Plasma Volume; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine