title: Identification of a new all-trans-retinol metabolite produced through a new retinol metabolic pathway.
abstract: In vitro incubation of all-trans-retinol (atROL) with kidney homogenate from vitamin A-deficient and retinoic acid-supplemented (VAD-RAS) female rats produces a new retinol metabolite. Reverse-phase (RP) and normal-phase (NP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that this metabolite coelutes with the unknown all-trans-retinol (atROL) metabolite previously found in the day 10 conceptus and kidneys of vitamin A-deficient rats maintained on all-trans-retinoic acid (VAD-RA) and given 2 microg of [3H]atROL. Normal-phase (NP) HPLC purification of the metabolite collected from a RP HPLC column further separated the radiolabeled material into two components. The two isolated compounds have identical or very similar spectroscopic properties. Their nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectra (MS) indicated that they are isomers. Spectroscopic studies of the metabolites and their derivatives showed that they are nine-carbon fragments resulting from an oxidative cleavage of the side chain of atROL. The cleavage occurs at C-9, and the product is then oxidized to a keto group. The primary hydroxy group from atROL is preserved in the metabolite. A sulfide bridge is formed between C-11 and C-14, which interrupts the conjugation. The formation of the new metabolites, possessing a 2,5-dihydrothiophene ring, is catalyzed by an enzyme(s) located in the cytosolic fraction of kidneys. The process represents a new retinol metabolic pathway; however, its biological significance is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sicinski
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wellik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tadikonda
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Schnoes
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: DeLuca
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051381:Rats; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D014212:Tretinoin