Changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children: the 5-a-Day Power Plus program in St. Paul, Minnesota.
OBJECTIVE
A randomized school based trial sought to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among children using a multicomponent approach.


METHODS
The intervention, conducted in 20 elementary schools in St. Paul, targeted a multiethnic group of children who were in the fourth grade in spring 1995 and the fifth grade in fall 1995. The intervention consisted of behavioral curricula in classrooms, parental involvement, school food service changes, and industry support and involvement. Lunchroom observations and 24-hour food recalls measured food consumption. Parent telephone surveys and a health behavior questionnaire measured psychosocial factors.


RESULTS
The intervention increased lunchtime fruit consumption and combined fruit and vegetable consumption, lunchtime vegetable consumption among girls, and daily fruit consumption as well as the proportion of total daily calories attributable to fruits and vegetables.


CONCLUSIONS
Multicomponent school-based programs can increase fruit and vegetable consumption among children. Greater involvement of parents and more attention to increasing vegetable consumption, especially among boys, remain challenges in future intervention research.
Perry
C L
CL
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Bishop
D B
DB
Taylor
G
G
Murray
D M
DM
Mays
R W
RW
Dudovitz
B S
BS
Smyth
M
M
Story
M
M
D002648:Child; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education*; D003479:Curriculum; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005522:Food Services; D005638:Fruit; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health; D014675:Vegetables