Antihyperglycemic effects of N-containing sugars from Xanthocercis zambesiaca, Morus bombycis, Aglaonema treubii, and Castanospermum australe in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.
The aqueous MeOH extract of the leaves and root of Xanthocercis zambesiaca (Leguminosae) and eight structurally related nitrogen-containing sugars, fagomine (1), 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylfagomine (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylfagomine (3), 3-epifagomine (4), 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol (5), castanospermine (6), alpha-homonojirimycin (7), and 1-deoxynojirimycin (8) were evaluated for antihyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. The insulin-releasing effects of 1 were also investigated. The blood glucose level fell after i.p. injection of the extract (50 mg/kg). Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 reduced the blood glucose level after i.p. injection of 150 mumol/kg. Compound 1 increased plasma insulin level in STZ-diabetic mice and potentiated the 8.3-mM glucose-induced insulin release from the rat isolated-perfused pancreas. The 1-induced potentiation of insulin release may partly contribute to antihyperglycemic action.
Nojima
H
H
Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Kimura
I
I
Chen
F J
FJ
Sugihara
Y
Y
Haruno
M
M
Kato
A
A
Asano
N
N
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts