title: [Venous thrombosis of the arm consistent with a tumor of the first rib].
abstract: Enchondroma of the first rib is a rare cause of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) manifested by deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic options are discussed. DVT of the upper limb represent 2%-4% of all DVT and are divided into primary and secondary. Venous compression represents 8% of TOS and generally results from a narrowing of the costo-clavicular space. A post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is found in 40%-80% despite anticoagulation and rest. However following local infusion of thrombolytic agents only 10% of the subjects develop PTS. Follow-up studies reveal a complete recanalisation of the vein in 45% of the patients treated with thrombolysis, whereas it occurs in only 4% under anticoagulation alone. This favourable result is obtained at the cost of an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications (5%). The solitary enchondroma is a benign cartilaginous tumor preferentially localised in the extremities, hands and feet. A review of the literature reveals that a total of 40 cases of enchondromas have been reported so far, among which 18 were localised in the first rib. The proximity of the neuro-vascular elements and a possible malignant transformation in 2% of the cases justify the ablation of the tumor. Thrombolysis is still highly controversial but gives the best long term prognosis in young patients.
authors.affiliation: Division d'Hypertension et de Médecine Vasculaire, CHU Vaudois, Lausanne, Suisse.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bizzini-Pezzetta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Depairon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D002812:Chondroma / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012272:Ribs; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology*