title: Pretreatment serum LDH as additional staging parameter in small-cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with limited disease staged small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), overall survival is still poor. Therefore, a retrospective study was carried out of 48 patients with limited disease staged SCLC to select a parameter which can identify prognostic subgroups at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up varied from 3 to 96 months during which 38 patients died. Based on clinical outcome, patients were clustered into three groups: complete remission (CR) (n = 16); local recurrence (LOC) (n = 7); and distant recurrence (DIS) (n = 25). Age, gender and pretreatment biochemical parameters were correlated with clinical outcome and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in survival were found in patients with LOC (14% 2-year survival) and DIS (16% 2-year survival) (P = 0.67). Patients with complete remission demonstrated a significantly better survival (75% 2-year survival). LDH was found to be the only significant correlate of both tumour progression and survival. All patients with pretreatment LDH levels > 240 IU/l (n = 13) demonstrated tumour recurrence. The survival rate of patients with LDH levels < 240 IU/l (41% 2-year survival) was much better than that of patients with LDH levels > 240 IU/l (8% 2-year survival) (P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDH may be used for the identification of prognostic subgroups in limited disease SCLC. Patients showing pretreatment LDH levels > 240 IU/l have an extremely high risk of tumour recurrence, whereas survival is poor. In patients with LDH levels, < 240 IU/l survival is significantly better.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stokkel
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: van Eck-Smit
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Pauwels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase