title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: We recently performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy on three patients receiving preoperative oral anticoagulant therapy. The patients requiring anticoagulants for pre-existing cardiac conditions have the following risks at surgery: thromboembolism, hemorrhage, endocarditis, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. In patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, one must thus maintain a balanced international normalized ratio of the prothrombin time to prevent thromboembolism or hemorrhage. Warfarin sodium was discontinued preoperatively in all patients. Heparin sodium was individualized according to each patient's risk of thromboembolism. As a result, these patients all underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy without complications. Attention was paid to achieve hemostasis in the operative field and the trocar inserted sites during the procedure. The administration of warfarin sodium was resumed on the first postoperative day in all patients. Restarting warfarin sodium early also helps to simplify postoperative management. A broad spectrum of antibiotic therapy was also used to reduce the risk of endocarditis. Each patient's cardiopulmonary function was carefully monitored. The minimal invasion experienced during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy may thus facilitate the management of gallstones in patients receiving systemic anticoagulation treatment based on the findings of this limited series.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Oita Medical University, Hasama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bandoh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baatar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D006493:Heparin