title: Tissue-type plasminogen activator activity in HIV-associated HUS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In children, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is associated with high plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), which may contribute to the persistence of renal glomerular and arteriolar thrombi. HUS has been described in HIV-infected patients, but the pathophysiology of HUS in these patients is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate plasma fibrinolytic activity in 18 patients with HIV-associated HUS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and PAI-1 activities in the plasma of 18 HIV-infected patients with biopsy-proven HUS (HIV+/HUS+) and 48 HIV-infected patients without HUS (HIV+/HUS-).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with HUS had a significantly higher serum creatinine, a lower platelet count and an increased incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (72% of patients HIV+/HUS+, vs 25% of patients HIV+/HUS-). Unexpectedly, plasma PAI-1 activity was similar in both groups. However, t-PA activity was significantly higher in HUS cases (11.5 vs 4.5 U/ml, P=0.001). Patients with CMV infection, with or without HUS, had significantly increased t-PA level (P=0.01). Multivariate analysis identified high t-PA (RR=9.21) and CMV infection (RR=3.36) as risk factors for HUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that HIV-infected patients with HUS have high plasma t-PA activity. PAI-1 plasma activity is not significantly increased, as opposed to non-HIV-associated HUS. Thus, in the setting of HIV infection, HUS cannot be attributed to decreased fibrinolytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie A, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Peraldi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maslo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berrou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rondeau
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rozenbaum
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sraer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator