title: Prolonged myocardial hibernation exacerbates cardiomyocyte degeneration and impairs recovery of function after revascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to define the effects of time on contractile function, morphology and functional recovery after coronary revascularization in patients with dysfunctional but viable (hibernating) myocardium.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Functional recovery after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with chronic myocardial hibernation is incomplete or delayed. The proposed cause is a progressive temporal degeneration of cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 32 patients with multivessel coronary disease, regional wall motion analysis was performed in hypoperfused but metabolically active areas before and 6 months after bypass surgery. During bypass surgery, transmural biopsy samples were obtained from the center of the hypokinetic zone for light and electron microscopic analyses. The proposed duration of myocardial hibernation was retrospectively assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a subacute hibernating condition (<50 days) demonstrated a higher preoperative ejection fraction (EF, 50+/-8%), and a better preserved wall motion (WM) in the supraapical wall (-1.4+/-0.4) than did patients with intermediate-term (>50 days, EF 37+/-9%, p < 0.05; WM -2.4+/-1.5, p = 0.08) or chronic (>6 months, EF 40+/-14%, WM -2.7+/-0.9, p < 0.005) ischemia. Structural degeneration correlated with the duration of ischemia (r = 0.56, p < 0.05). Postoperative recovery of function was enhanced in patients with a short history of hibernation compared with patients with an intermediate-term or chronic condition (EF 60+/-10% vs. 40+/-10%, p < 0.001, and vs. 47+/-14%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hibernating myocardium exhibits time-dependent deterioration due to progressive structural degeneration with enhanced fibrosis. Early revascularization should be attempted to salvage the jeopardized tissue and improve postoperative outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, Rheinisch-Westfälsche Technische Hochschule University Hospital Aachen, Germany. RSCH@PCSERVER.MKt.RWTH-aachen.de
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Schoendube
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kostin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmiedtke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Buell
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Messmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanrath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: vom Dahl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013997:Time Factors