title: Regulation of gene expression, growth, and cell survival by IL-4: contribution of multiple signaling pathways.
abstract: Interleukin-4 is a cytokine produced by activated T cells, mast cells, and basophils that elicits many important biological responses[1] (see Tab 1). These responses range from the regulation of helper T cell differentiation[2] and the production of IgE[3] to the regulation of the adhesive properties of endothelial cells via VCAM-1[4]. In keeping with these diverse biological effects, high-affinity binding sites for IL-4 (Kd 20 to 300 pM) have been detected on many hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types at levels ranging from 50 to 5000 sites per cell[5]. This review will focus on the discrete signal transduction pathways activated by the IL-4 receptor and the coordination of these individual pathways in the regulation of a final biological outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zamorano
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002455:Cell Division; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D015847:Interleukin-4