title: Dissection of hepatic receptor-mediated endocytic pathways using self-generated gradients of iodixanol (Optiprep).
abstract: Iodixanol is a new, nonionic, iodinated density gradient medium which has an advantage over other similar media in that it rapidly forms self-generated gradients in vertical or near-vertical rotors. Endocytosis of 99mTc-labeled neogalactosyl albumin (99mTc-NGA), a synthetic ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor, was studied by administering the ligand as a short pulse to perfused rat livers operating under single-pass conditions. Intracellular processing was arrested at various times after the pulse and the resultant homogenate cleared of nuclei and heavy mitochondria by centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 min. After adjustment to 12.5% (w/v) iodixanol, the 3000 g supernatants were centrifuged at 350,000 g for 60 min to form the gradients in which early, clathrin-containing vesicles, low-density endosomes, and lysosomes were well-resolved. 99mTc-NGA bound to the sinusoidal membrane could be partially resolved from clathrin-containing vesicles by inclusion of 1 mM CaCl2 in the homogenization and gradient buffers. Two populations of early clathrin-containing vesicles could be resolved by rate-zonal centrifugation in preformed iodixanol gradients. Thus, iodixanol is an excellent density gradient medium for the rapid and efficient resolution of endosome compartments.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Centrifugation Research, School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Billington
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Maltby
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; D003287:Contrast Media; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C036586:technetium Tc 99m neogalactoalbumin; C044834:iodixanol