title: Decontamination of chicken carcasses artificially contaminated with Salmonella.
abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three chemical disinfectants and of ionising radiation in reducing the level of contamination in chicken carcasses which had been artificially contaminated with Salmonella Virchow. Chicken carcasses were obtained from a local abattoir. Five carcasses and one control carcass were used to test each concentration of disinfectant and the radiation. The amount of contaminant employed was 0.5 ml of 10(4) colony-forming units per ml of S. Virchow spread over the thigh, breast and wing areas. All treatments were conducted in duplicate. The three disinfectants used were as follows: calcium hypochlorite, at concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm of available chlorine. Lactic acid at concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. Hydrogen peroxide compound at concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. Five inoculated carcasses were immersed at a time in one disinfectant concentration for 15 min, while the control carcasses were simultaneously immersed in water free from disinfectants. Five carcasses, each in a plastic bag, were subjected to varying ascending doses (from 2 to 7 k gray [kGy]) of ionising radiation from radioactive isotopes of cobalt 60. A bacteriological examination of each carcass was conducted after the treatment to determine the presence or absence of S. Virchow. The number of carcasses which gave positive results showing the presence of Salmonella decreased after chemical treatment, but the organism was not completely eliminated. However, in those carcasses subjected to 7 kGy of radiation, Salmonella was eliminated and no changes in the appearance, colour or smell of the carcasses were observed.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Nutrition Section, National Agriculture and Water Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: al-Mashhadi
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Fawal
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Shalhat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005514:Food Irradiation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D004202:Disinfectants; C004488:calcium hypochlorite; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide