title: Resolution of peanut allergy: case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there are any differences between children who remain mildly or moderately allergic to peanut and children with similar histories but a negative reaction on challenge with peanut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-controls matched for age and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's day wards in two teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open food challenge with peanut.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 children with resolved peanut allergy (resolvers) and 15 with persistent allergy (persisters).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reaction on challenge with peanut, serum total and peanut specific IgE concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups had a similar median age at first reaction to peanut (11 months, range 5-38) and similar symptoms. Allergy to other foods was less common in resolvers (2/15) than persisters (9/15) (P=0.02). On skin prick testing with peanut all 13 resolvers tested but only 3/14 persisters had a weal of <6 mm (P<0.0001). Total and peanut specific IgE concentrations did not differ much between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriately trained clinicians must be prepared to challenge preschool children with peanut as some will be tolerant despite a history of reactions to peanut and a positive skin prick test with peanut. Preschool children whose apparent peanut allergy is refuted by food challenge show allergy to other foods less often than those in whom peanut allergy persists. The size of weal on skin prick testing to peanut predicts reactivity but not severity on peanut challenge.
authors.affiliation: Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD. J.Hourihane@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hourihane
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E