title: Serum total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and also with elevated serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. However, the interrelationships between apoE genotype, plasma cholesterol levels and AD risk have been studied very little. We examined the possible role of serum total cholesterol in the pathogenesis of AD in a population-based sample of 444 men, aged 70-89 years, who were survivors of the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Previous high serum cholesterol level (mean level > or = 6.5 mmol/l) was a significant predictor of the prevalence of AD (odds ratio = 3.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 8.5) after controlling for age and the presence of apoE epsilon 4 allele. In men who subsequently developed AD the cholesterol level decreased before the clinical manifestations of AD. We conclude that high serum total cholesterol may be an independent risk factor for AD and some of the effect of the apoE epsilon 4 allele on risk of AD might be mediated through high serum cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Finland. notkola@uku.fi
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Notkola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sulkava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekkanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erkinjuntti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ehnholm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kivinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nissinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002784:Cholesterol