title: The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin induces apoptosis and sensitizes chemo- and radioresistant human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes to TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis.
abstract: Apoptosis can be triggered by cytotoxic agents and radiation currently used in cancer treatment. However, the apoptotic response appears to vary between cell types (normal or transformed) and between types of malignancy. Thus, irradiation induces apoptosis in normal human lymphocytes but not in lymphocytes derived from a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Moreover, in this subset, spontaneous apoptosis is inhibited by irradiation. Why irradiation does not allow the initiation of the apoptotic death pathway could be explained, at least in part, and in agreement with recent findings on experimental models, by the activation of the transcriptional factor NF-kappaB, which is able to inhibit apoptotic cell response. Low doses (at which no effect is observed with normal human lymphocytes) of the highly specific proteasome inhibitor lactacystin are sufficient to trigger apoptosis in these malignant cells. Proteasome inhibition by lactacystin prevents the nuclear translocation of both p50 and p65 NF-kappaB subunits and sensitizes these cells to apoptosis by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment. As this subset of CLL is totally resistant to any treatment, proteasome inhibition by lactacystin provides a new therapeutic approach to be explored, considering the sensitivity of malignant CLL-derived lymphocytes to be quite different from that of normal human lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche Correspondant No2 du CEA (DSV/DRR, Fontenay Aux Roses) Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delic
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masdehors
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cosset
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Binet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Magdelénat
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C067713:lactacystin; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000111:Acetylcysteine