title: Patterns of CCR5, CXCR4, and CCR3 usage by envelope glycoproteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolates.
abstract: Coreceptor usage by Envs from diverse primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates was analyzed by a vaccinia virus-based expression and assay system. Usage of recombinant CCR5 and CXCR4 correlated closely with fusogenicity toward macrophages and T-cell lines expressing endogenous coreceptors. Surprisingly, recombinant CCR3 was utilized by most primary and T-cell-line-adapted Envs. Endogenous CXCR4 in macrophages was functional as a coreceptor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0445, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bazan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alkhatib
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Broder
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C515350:CCR3 protein, human; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins