title: Mood disorders following traumatic brain injury: identifying the extent of the problem and the people at risk.
abstract: The extent of mood disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the possible risk factors, are investigated. New data are presented from a prospective study of consecutive hospital admissions. Six months post-TBI, 99 adults completed a standardized assessment of emotional state, the Wimbledon Self-Report Scale. Cognitive performance and the impact of the injury on everyday functioning were also assessed. The rate of clinically significant mood disorders (caseness) was 38%. Of the demographic or injury characteristics, only pre-injury occupational status predicted post-injury caseness. Those unoccupied pre-injury were more likely to report mood disturbance post-injury. In contrast, post-injury occupational status was not related to caseness either for the whole group or the subgroup of those previously occupied, despite the adverse effects on occupational functioning for a significant proportion of subjects. Associations were found between emotional state and cognitive and everyday functioning 6 months post-injury. Psychosocial disabilities appeared more strongly associated to mood disorders than did physical disabilities. A significant level of unmet need has been highlighted, and possible risk factors identified, which may inform the purchase and provision of TBI rehabilitation services. Follow-up data on these subjects are available and will be reported separately.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices