title: Surgical correction of trigonocephaly: theoretical basis and operative procedures.
abstract: Trigonocephaly involves premature fusion of both the metopic suture and the sutures in the skull base. Surgical treatment by opening of the prematurely fused metopic suture and expansion of the anterior cranial base by creating "neosutures" was used to treat three children with trigonocephaly. The combination of lateral canthal advancement and radical forehead remodeling achieved excellent results. These procedures can also prevent the development of midface hypoplasia such as hypotelorism. The two younger patients, aged 0 and 6 months, achieved rapid bone growth in the defects and normalization of intercanthal and interpupillary distances. The older patient, aged 8 years, retained some skull defects at follow-up. The optimal age for surgery is 3-6 months, which allows good cosmetic results and minimizes visual repercussions with relatively low perioperative risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuyama National Hospital, Hiroshima.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome