title: Human autoantibodies reveal titin as a chromosomal protein.
abstract: Assembly of the higher-order structure of mitotic chromosomes is a prerequisite for proper chromosome condensation, segregation and integrity. Understanding the details of this process has been limited because very few proteins involved in the assembly of chromosome structure have been discovered. Using a human autoimmune scleroderma serum that identifies a chromosomal protein in human cells and Drosophila embryos, we cloned the corresponding Drosophila gene that encodes the homologue of vertebrate titin based on protein size, sequence similarity, developmental expression and subcellular localization. Titin is a giant sarcomeric protein responsible for the elasticity of striated muscle that may also function as a molecular scaffold for myofibrillar assembly. Molecular analysis and immunostaining with antibodies to multiple titin epitopes indicates that the chromosomal and muscle forms of titin may vary in their NH2 termini. The identification of titin as a chromosomal component provides a molecular basis for chromosome structure and elasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sunkel
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Andrew
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies; D002460:Cell Line; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D064211:Connectin; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000737:chemistry*; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D064211:Connectin; D007106:Immune Sera; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C577285:TTN protein, human; D011494:Protein Kinases