title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bladder-sparing surgery for invasive bladder cancer: ten-year outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the 10-year outcome of patients with invasive (T2-3N0M0, staged according to the tumor, node, metastasis system) bladder cancer who responded completely to a combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) chemotherapy followed by bladder-sparing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 111 surgical candidates who received neoadjuvant MVAC, 60 (54%) achieved a complete clinical response (T0) on transurethral resection (TUR) of the primary tumor site. Of these, 28 requested follow-up with TUR alone, 15 had a partial cystectomy, and 17 elected a radical cystectomy. The patients were followed up for a median of 10 years (range, 8 to 13 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 43 patients who had bladder-sparing surgery, 32 (74%) are alive, which includes 25 (58%) with an intact functioning bladder. Twenty-four patients (56%) developed bladder tumor recurrences from 5 to 96 months, which were invasive in 13 (30%) and superficial in 11 (26%). Thirteen patients required a salvage cystectomy, of whom 6 died, which includes 4 (9%) from a new invasive neoplasm. Of the 17 patients who had radical cystectomy, 11 (65%) are alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with invasive bladder tumors who achieve T0 status after neoadjuvant MVAC chemotherapy preserve their bladders for up to 10 years with bladder-sparing surgery. The bladder remains at risk for new invasive tumors. Cystectomy salvages the majority, but not all, of relapsing patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. herrh@mskcc.org
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Scher
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015653:Cystectomy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate