title: Control of proliferative enteropathy in growing/fattening pigs using growth promoters.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics used as growth promoters on the control of porcine intestinal adenomatosis when administered in weaning, growing and fattening pig diets, according to Annex I of the European Union directive (70/524/EEC and its subsequent amendments to date) for the use of feed additives. On a farm with a previous history of proliferative enteropathy outbreaks, 648 weaned piglets (23 days old) were divided into nine experimental groups according to bodyweight and sex ratio, each group comprising four pens with 18 pigs in each pen. One group served the trial as a negative (unmedicated) control: another (the positive control) received monensin via feed at 100 p.p.m. up to the end of the growing phase (107 days old) and 50 p.p.m. up to slaughter age (156 days old). The remaining seven groups were offered feed with the addition of the following antibiotics: virginia-mycin (50-20 p.p.m.), avilamycin (40-20 p.p.m.), spiramycin (50-20 p.p.m.), zinc bacitracin (50-10 p.p.m.), avoparcin (40-20 p.p.m.), tylosin (40-20 p.p.m.) and salinomycin (60-30 p.p.m.), respectively. The performance of the pigs in the positive control group was very satisfying and among the highest in the trial, verifying earlier field studies. As a general conclusion it seems that all tested growth promoters had a beneficial effect compared with the untreated control, indicated by the decrease of mortality rate, the elimination of diarrhoeal incidence and the enhancement of growth performance, although the proliferative enteropathy control achieved by each substance was not always satisfactory. More specifically, the antibiotic growth promoters tested can be scaled according to their total efficacy as follows: 1. Salinomycin, tylosin, spiramycin; 2. Virginiamycin, zinc bacitracin, avilamycin; and 3. Avoparcin. Finally, it is considered that part of the growth promotion efficacy of the tested substances is due to their potential capacity to control porcine intestinal adenomatosis; thus, in future growth performance trials, the disease background of the trial farms must be examined, especially for porcine enteropathy challenges.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tsinas
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kyriakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lekkas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarris
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bourtzi-Hatzopoulou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saoulidis
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000662:veterinary*; D001414:Bacitracin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006020:Glycopeptides; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007079:Ileitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007082:Ileum; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008985:Monensin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011714:Pyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015572:Spiramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015645:Tylosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001414:Bacitracin; D006020:Glycopeptides; D006133:Growth Substances; D008985:Monensin; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011714:Pyrans; D015572:Spiramycin; D015645:Tylosin; D014769:Virginiamycin; C010327:salinomycin; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides; C006653:avilamycin; C016249:avoparcin