title: Whole body bone resorption in the growing pig.
abstract: Our knowledge of total body bone resorption during growth is limited. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a commercially available bone resorption assay, developed for measuring human bone resorption, could be used to measure whole body bone resorption in young, growing pigs. A secondary purpose was to evaluate if this method could detect changes in bone resorption in response to certain dental appliances which have been shown to change mandibular and maxillary growth. Five growing 4-month-old male Hanford minipigs (Sus scrofa) were housed in metabolic cages for 24 h, every other day, over a period of 1 month. Three of the animals were fitted with a mandibular protrusive orthodontic appliance. Total 24 h urines were collected in which the concentration of creatinine and collagen type I N-telopeptide crosslinks (NTx, a marker of bone resorption) were measured. The NTx immunoassay was originally developed for the analysis of human urine. Pig bone was powdered, defatted, and decalcified, and the resulting powder digested with bacterial collagenase. The digest was screened for NTx content, in the same fashion as the pig urines. Bone extract and pig urines were cross-calibrated to a standard of adolescent human urine. This allowed calculation of the daily quantity of pig bone resorbed. Daily metabolite excretion was quite variable in these growing animals; for NTx the CV was 31%, for creatinine the CV was 25%. The mean daily quantities of bone resorption ranged between 26 and 46 grams of bone which amounted to 1.2-1.7% of estimated total skeletal mass. The protrusive appliances increased bone resorption significantly during the first two weeks of the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the NTx assay can be used to measure bone resorption in pigs; the assay is sensitive enough to indicate changes in bone resorption, such as those caused by an orthodontic mandibular protrusive appliance. During growth, bone resorption varies greatly from day to day. On average, every 24 h, 1.4% of the skeletal mass is resorbed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Herring
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000652:urine*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards; D003094:Collagen / Q000652:urine; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D003094:Collagen; D003404:Creatinine