title: Long-term outcome of laparoscopic presacral neurectomy for the treatment of central pelvic pain attributed to endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term pain reduction achieved by laparoscopic presacral neurectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-six women with median (range) age 30 (18-45) years underwent presacral neurectomy combined with excision and vaporization of endometriotic lesions and were observed, using structured questionnaires, for up to 72 months postoperatively. The study included a convenience sample of the first 100 questionnaires returned. Forty of the women were studied for 12-23 months, and 60 for 24-72 months. The main outcome measures were reduction of pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia were reportedly reduced by more than 50% in 74, 61, and 55 patients, respectively, more than 12 months after laparoscopic presacral neurectomy. More than 50% reduction in pelvic pain was reported by 69.8%, 77.3%, 71.4%, and 84.6% of the patients, respectively, with endometriosis stages I-IV, using the revised classification of the American Fertility Society. Comparatively, more than 50% reduction in dysmenorrhea was reported by 52.8% of the patients with stage I endometriosis, 68.2% with stage II, 71.4% with stage III, and 69.2% with stage IV. Reduction of dyspareunia by more than 50% was reported by 54.7% of the patients with stage I endometriosis, 50.0% with stage II, 28.6% with stage III, and 61.5% with stage IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term outcome of laparoscopic presacral neurectomy is satisfactory in the majority of patients. The stage of endometriosis is not related directly to the degree of pain improvement achieved.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Endoscopy Center for Training and Technology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nezhat
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Nezhat
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nezhat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000209:etiology; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007001:Hypogastric Plexus / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome