The dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND
Cortisol non-suppression following the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has been found to a variable extent in schizophrenia. The aetiology is unclear but may be related to depression or negative symptoms.


METHODS
The DST was administered to 64 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia. All patients were screened for DSM-IV major depression and rated on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).


RESULTS
DSM-IV criteria for major depression was fulfilled by 36% of the patients and 42% of patients had a history of parasuicide. Four patients had undetectable levels of dexamethasone and were excluded from the endocrine analyses. Only one remaining patient had a cortisol level above the cut-off point (> 138 nmol/l), indicating escape from dexamethasone suppression. The post-dexamethasone cortisol level correlated significantly with HRSD and BPRS scores but not with the SANS. The SANS and HRSD scores were not correlated, but they were independently correlated with the BPRS score.


CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to some other work, rates of dexamethasone non-suppression were very low; together with the high rates of depression, this suggests that depression in schizophrenia may have a different neuroendocrine profile from major depressive disorders. Failure to measure dexamethasone levels can be misleading.
Ismail
K
K
Maudsley Hospital, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.
Murray
R M
RM
Wheeler
M J
MJ
O'Keane
V
V
D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013406:Suicide, Attempted
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone