title: Impact of ultrafiltration on blood use for atrial septal defect closure in infants and children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infants and children undergoing open cardiac operations have a high incidence of blood product transfusion. Ultrafiltration has been shown to reverse hemodilution and improve myocardial function and hemodynamics after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of ultrafiltration on the amount of blood transfusion and hospital charge in 39 consecutive patients who underwent elective atrial septal defect repair was examined. Patients in group I (n=26) had a conventional cardiopulmonary circuit prime with blood, whereas 13 patients had bloodless prime (group II). Ultrafiltration was used immediately after weaning from CPB in group II. The patients in group I received blood products after discontinuation of CPB to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. The amount of blood product used, hematocrit immediately after CPB and on arrival in intensive care unit, postoperative hemodynamics and saturations, total operating room charge, blood charge, hospital stay, and hospital charge were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean body weight (15.8 kg in group I versus 17.5 kg in group II) and preoperative hematocrit values (35.6% in group I versus 34.2% in group II) were similar. Mean hematocrit immediately after CPB was 22% and 14% in group I and II, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean hematocrit upon arrival to the intensive care unit was 34% in group I and 22% in group II (p < 0.0001). The amount of blood product transfusion was 32 mL/kg in group I and 3 mL/kg in group II patients (p < 0.0001). The patients in group II had significantly less blood bank charges; however, operating room charges and total hospital charges were similar between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elective atrial septal defect repair was performed with no blood product transfusion without increased morbidity or hospital stay. Ultrafiltration can be used to reverse hemodilution resulting from a bloodless CPB prime without an increase in hospital charge.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee-Memphis, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Novick
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001771:Blood Banks / Q000191:economics; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics; D001835:Body Weight; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006438:Hemodilution; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000191:economics; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000191:economics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010106:Oxygenators; D011674:Pulse; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen