title: A rapid, sensitive method for the quantitation of N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine in human urine using isotope-dilution HPLC-MS-MS.
abstract: Because of increasing concern about exposure to carcinogens and other toxicants, reliable methods for biological monitoring of potentially exposed populations must be developed. For biological monitoring to be useful, appropriate biomarkers of exposures to xenobiotics must be identified, and sensitive, specific methods for quantifying the targeted biomarker must be developed. We have developed a sensitive and selective method for the analysis of N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (HEMA), urinary metabolite of at least three different known human carcinogens (vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, and ethylene dibromide). The method uses strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction and isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our method is simple and is not labor intensive; the preparation time per sample is less than 10 min. Because urine samples vary in both their concentration and ion strength, intersample variability in HEMA recovery during the extraction is large. To overcome this inherent limitation, we use the isotope-dilution technique, which allows a complete correction for the extraction recovery for each sample. The limit of detection of the method is 0.68 microgram/L in a 1-mL urine sample with a coefficient of variation of 22% (determined by replicate analyses at both 4 and 11 micrograms/L) and an accuracy indistinguishable from 100%. Preliminary analyses of urine from a population with no known overt exposure to the parent toxicants show a frequency of detection of approximately 75%, which indicates that this method has the sensitivity to detect urinary HEMA derived from environmental exposure. We are currently using this method to establish a reference range of background exposure to these toxicants in the U.S. population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ashley
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011865:Radioisotope Dilution Technique; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: C031104:N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine