title: Advantage of antithymocyte globulin induction in sensitized kidney recipients: a randomized prospective study comparing induction with and without antithymocyte globulin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensitized kidney allograft recipients require special management to improve their outcome. One strategy is heavy immunosuppression with antilymphocyte antibodies. Controversy continues about the actual advantage of induction protocols whilst infections and cancers are a constant risk. In addition, little is known about how to handle sensitized patients with low levels of sensitization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we randomized sensitized renal transplant recipients, who received prophylactic treatment with or without antithymocyte globulin (ATG), in addition to a standard triple regimen consisting of cyclosporin, steroids and azathioprine at ATG discontinuation. The induction treatment consisted of a low-dose ATG course over 10 days. Randomization was stratified on the maximum PRA, according to the five following classes: 5% < PRA < or = 20%, 20% < PRA < or = 40%, 40% < PRA < or = 60%, 60% < PRA < or = 80% and 80% < PRA < or = 100%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty nine patients were enrolled: 47 patients received ATG and 42 did not. ATG induction lowered the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes from 64 to 38%, increased 1 year graft survival from 76 to 89% and was associated with a higher 1 year inulin clearance (37+/-15 vs 49+/-18 ml/min). ATG-associated side effects were restricted to leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, whereas bacterial and viral infections, gammopathies and cancers did not occur more frequently. ATG induction benefited all sensitized patients, and not only the hypersensitized patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ATG induction is beneficial for all sensitized patients, regardless of their level of sensitization, with regard to acute rejection episodes, graft survival and graft function. Low-dose ATG is sufficient and prevents additional complications.
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie Dialyse Transplantation Rénale, CHRU de Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thibaudin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alamartine
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Filippis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthoux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine