title: 1-Methyl-3-propyl-7-butylxanthine, a novel biochemical modulator, enhances therapeutic efficacy of adriamycin.
abstract: We have screened xanthine derivatives for activity as novel biochemical modulators by assay of their inhibitory effect on adriamycin efflux from tumor cells. Strong inhibition of adriamycin efflux was shown by some xanthine derivatives with various alkyl or oxoalkyl substituents at the 1-, 3- and 7-positions. 1-Methyl-3-propyl-7-butylxanthine (XT-77), which had the greatest inhibitory effect on adriamycin efflux in vitro among the compounds tested, potentiated adriamycin-induced antitumor activity by causing an increase of adriamycin concentration in the tumor in vitro. Furthermore, XT-77 reduced the adverse drug reactions of adriamycin by decreasing the adriamycin concentrations in the heart and the liver. Thus, the combination of XT-77 with adriamycin not only increased the antitumor activity of adriamycin, but also decreased the adverse drug reactions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sadzuka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwazaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawanishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014970:Xanthines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C111594:1-methyl-3-propyl-7-butylxanthine; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014970:Xanthines; D004317:Doxorubicin