title: Sequential percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for liver tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is effective for small liver tumors. To enhance the radicality of PMCT, we developed a sequential coagulation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  After inserting the first guide-needle under sonography, multiple needles were placed through a disk-type introducer that was devised to guide needle puncture at regular intervals, and microwaves were irradiated. Six patients, including 4 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 with liver metastasis, underwent this technique for tumors of 15 to 80 mm in diameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This technique can coagulate an area up to 60 mm in diameter in one session. Insertion of multiple needles, ranging from 2 to 11, was successful without complications. Three patients undergoing curative PMCT developed no tumor recurrence. The other 3 received incomplete PMCT due to the large size and location of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study indicates the efficacy of this technique to facilitate and secure PMCT in selected patients with liver tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawachi
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016896:Treatment Outcome