title: Hematomas and limb skeletal malformations in chicken embryos following exposure to 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine.
abstract: Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal malformations in these structures, we studied the effects of this chemical on skeletal development in the chick embryo and noted any vascular injury. The yolk sacs of day three chick embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton states 17-19) were injected with solutions of vary concentrations of FdU in saline. The embryos developed until the 10th day of incubation when they were fixed for study. Uninjected, saline injected, and sham injected control embryos were similarly fixed. Upon gross inspection, frequent diffuse and saccular hematomas, as well as fluid-filled blisters, were noted in the limbs of embryos treated with FdU. After the embryos were fixed and cleared, and the skeletons stained, significant skeletal malformations were observed in these limbs. Bony elements of both the upper and lower limbs were affected in at least some of the embryos. The combination of FdU-induced hematomas and blisters with associated skeletal malformations in the same regions of some embryos suggests a relationship between these phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farquharson
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hootnick
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Levinsohn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Packard
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology*; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001768:Blister / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000633:toxicity*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000002:abnormalities*; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005467:Floxuridine