title: Laser energy reaching the posterior pole during transscleral cyclophotocoagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure scattered laser energy reaching the posterior pole during transscleral cyclophotocoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed on 4 cadaver eyes with Nd:YAG noncontact, Nd:YAG contact, and diode contact lasers. Energy was measured with a photodiode through a 7-mm trephined hole in the posterior pole. Average percentage power, average power, and average energy transmission were calculated. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) guidelines were used to calculate allowable energy exposures for each laser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 lasers transmitted 3% to 5% of the power to the posterior pole. The average energy transmission was 240 to 260 mJ for all lasers. The contact lasers had an average power transmission of 120 mW. The noncontact Nd:YAG laser, with shorter pulse duration, had an average power transmission of 13,000 mW, significantly greater than that of the other lasers. The ACGIH guidelines for allowable energy exposures were 93 mJ for the noncontact Nd:YAG laser, 1300 mJ for the contact Nd:YAG laser, and 440 mJ for the contact diode laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three percent to 5% of laser power delivered during cyclophotocoagulation reaches the posterior pole. Exposure energies may approach or exceed ACGIH guidelines. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be shown.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Trevisani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imami
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wolbarsht
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Allingham
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012590:Sclera; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology