title: Evidence that photodynamic stress kills Zellweger fibroblasts by a nonapoptotic mechanism.
abstract: Zellweger fibroblasts, which are devoid of peroxisomes and fail to synthesize plasmalogens, are very sensitive to the killing effect triggered by UV-activated 12-(1-pyrene) dodecanoic acid (P12). Although in some studied performed, it is assumed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may damage plasma membrane causing necrosis, other studies suggest that ROS are involved in apoptotic cell death induced by a wide variety of stimuli. Analysing the P12 dose-response in Zellweger fibroblasts, we observed that at high doses (1-2 microM), more than 75% of the cells died after 24 h. This behaviour suggested that, at high doses, P12 kills the cells by unspecific lytic mechanisms or by necrosis, while at low doses (0.1-0.5 microM), an apoptotic mechanism could be involved. Cytofluorimetric analysis of Zellweger fibroblasts-treated with activated P12 (0.5 microM) did not show morphological modifications typical of apoptotic cell death. This was supported by comparative staining of fibroblast nuclei, DNA gel electrophoresis and identification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and Bcl-2 expression, assayed by Western blots. Thus, our results, while confirming the importance of plasmalogens in the protection against ROS, establish that apoptosis is not involved in photodynamic death induced by activated P12. Therefore, we can expect that in gene transfer experiments, the rescue of Zellweger cells will be dependent only on the correction of peroxisomal biogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spisni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavazzoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griffoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calzolari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tomasi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004996:Ethidium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012867:Skin; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015211:Zellweger Syndrome
chemical_list: D007850:Lauric Acids; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C067883:dihydroethidium; C040596:12-(1-pyrene)dodecanoic acid; D002374:Catalase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D004996:Ethidium