title: TGF-beta 1 induces the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 mRNA and protein in murine B cells.
abstract: TGF-beta1 inhibits the cell cycle progression of many types of cells by arresting them in the G1 phase. This cell cycle arrest has been attributed to the regulatory effects of TGF-beta1 on both the levels and the activities of the G1 cyclins and their kinase partners. The activities of these kinases are negatively regulated by a number of proteins, such as p15INK4b, p21WAF1/Cip1, and p27Kip1, that physically associate with cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), or cyclin-Cdk complexes. In epithelial cell lines, TGF-beta1 was previously shown to inhibit cell cycle progression through down-regulation of Cdk4 and/or up-regulation of p15INK4b and/or p21WAF1/Cip1. However, TGF-beta1 had little or no effect on the p27Kip1 mRNA and protein levels. In this report, we show that, in contrast to observations in epithelial cell lines, TGF-beta1 increased the p27Kip1 mRNA and protein levels in the murine B cell lines CH31 and WEHI231. This TGF-beta1-mediated induction of p27Kip1 also resulted in an increased association of p27Kip1 with Cdk2 and a decreased Cdk2 kinase activity. In contrast to epithelial cells, however, TGF-beta1 had little or no effect on the Cdk4 and p21WAF1/Cip1 protein levels in these B cells. Finally, although several studies suggested a direct role of p53 in TGF-beta1-mediated cell cycle arrest in epithelial cells, TGF-beta1 inhibited cell cycle progression in CH31 even in the absence of wild-type p53. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-beta1 induces G1 arrest in B cells primarily through a p53-independent up-regulation of p27Kip1 protein.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Radiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamesaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cossman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell; D051379:Mice; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; C493968:Cdkn2b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495893:Cdk2 protein, mouse; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases