title: Development of a method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry for analyzing imidazolinone herbicides in environmental water at part-per-trillion levels.
abstract: An evaluation was made of the feasibility of using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with an electrospray interface (LC-ESI-MS) to measure traces of imidazolinone herbicides in different natural water samples. The imidazolinones are a significant new class of low-use-rate, reduced-environmental-risk herbicides for the protection of a wide variety of agricultural commodities. The procedure used involved passing 0.5, 1, 2 1 of river, ground and drinking water samples, respectively, through a 0.5 g graphitized carbon black (GCB) extraction cartridge. Analytes were eluted from the GCB surface by 8 ml of a methylene chloride-methanol (80:20, v/v) solution acidified with formic acid, 25 mM. Recovery was higher than 89% irrespective of the aqueous matrix in which the analytes were dissolved. A conventional 4.6 mm I.D. reversed-phase LC C18 column operating with a mobile phase flow-rate of 1 ml/min was used to chromatograph the analytes. A flow of 50 microliters/min of the column effluent was diverted to the ESI source. The effects of acid concentration on ESI-MS detector response in the mobile phase were investigated. The effects on the production of diagnostic fragments produced by varying the orifice plate voltage and the response of the MS detector were also evaluated. For the analyte considered, the response of the mass detector was linearly related to the amount of analyte injected between 1 and 50 ng. The limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of the method for the pesticides considered in drinking water samples was estimated to be about 2-5 ng/l.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza di Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ascenzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentili
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perret
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009525:Niacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011804:Quinolines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007093:Imidazoles; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011804:Quinolines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009525:Niacin; C093630:imazethapyr; C076656:imazapyr; C057728:imazaquin