title: Delta-opioid receptors expressed by Jurkat T cells enhance IL-2 secretion by increasing AP-1 complexes and activity of the NF-AT/AP-1-binding promoter element.
abstract: Recent molecular evidence points to transient and/or stage-specific expression of delta- and kappa-opioid receptors by thymic and peripheral T lymphocytes. Since medical treatments or stress commonly increase opioid levels, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which opioids affect T lymphocyte functions. We therefore created and studied a T cell line expressing the cloned delta-opioid receptor (DOR1). DOR1 ligation by a specific DOR1 agonist, deltorphin, augmented IL-2 secretion by synergizing with signals from TCR-CD3 and CD28. Reporter gene constructs were used to map this effect of deltorphin to the AP-1- and NF-AT/AP-1-binding sites of the IL-2 promoter. Although DOR1 signaling increased [Ca2+]i, deltorphin enhanced transcriptional activity of the NF-AT/AP-1-binding site via a mechanism independent of calcineurin and distinct from the effects of elevated [Ca2+]i. Deltorphin also increased accumulation of AP-1 transcription factor complexes, suggesting that DOR1 augments IL-2 secretion by increasing the AP-1 component of the NF-AT/AP-1 transcription factor. These results advance the molecular understanding of opioid effects on lymphocytes, and in addition, demonstrate regulation of IL-2 synthesis and secretion by the novel mechanism of receptor-mediated AP-1 induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hedin
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kalli
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huntoon
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McKean
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C059567:deltorphin