title: Tandem ureterocystoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder augmentation may be undertaken by using various gastrointestinal segments but their use is associated with a multitude of well-recognized complications. The mega-ureter has proven to be a satisfactory alternative; in patients with bilateral mega-ureters, both ureters may be used for this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients had augmentation ureterocystoplasty, including three in whom both distal ureters were used in tandem. The latter included two patients with neurogenic bladder and one with bladder exstrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satisfactory augmentation was achieved in all patients undergoing tandem ureterocystoplasty. The neurogenic bladder patients are managed by urethral clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and the exstrophy patient is managed by CIC of an appendicovesicostomy (Mitrofanoff). All are continent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mega-ureter provides an excellent source of augmentation material in patients with small non-compliant bladders. In those with bilateral mega-ureters, consideration should be given to using both ureters in tandem to achieve the maximum possible bladder capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Neel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*