title: Putrescine decreases cytochrome P450 3A4 levels during liver regeneration in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism by which many cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes decrease during liver regeneration is unclear. Peptides and growth factors are thought to be involved. Putrescine, the first polyamine synthesised by ornithine decarboxylase, peaks early following partial hepatectomy and is known to play an essential role in hepatic regeneration. Gamma amino butyric acid was reported as a physiologic inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. In this work we studied the possible involvement of putrescine in the CYP reduction during liver regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatectomised, putrescine-treated sham, and GABA-treated hepatectomised rats were used throughout. Total hepatic cytochrome P450, o-dealkylase activities (CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2), nifedipine oxidase activity (CYP3A4), and Western blot assays of their respective apoproteins were analysed in liver microsomes. Putrescine levels in hepatic tissue were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial hepatectomy and putrescine treatment induced a significant diminution in total CYP (50% and 30% of sham-operated rats, respectively). Gamma amino butyric acid treatment prevented this decrease in partially hepatectomised rats. Nifedipine oxidase activity of partially hepatectomised and putrescine-treated rats significantly decreased to 43% and 60% of that in sham-operated rats, respectively. Again, gamma amino butyric acid prevented the diminution in partially hepatectomised rats. No significant changes were observed in o-dealkylase activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that inducible CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2, which are important in carcinogen metabolisation, are preserved after partial hepatectomy. However, constitutive CYP3A4, which represents 50% of total CYP and metabolises drugs like nifedipine, warfarin, acetaminophen, cyclosporin and FK-506, is reduced during liver regeneration. Our experiments suggest that endogenous putrescine is, at least, partly responsible for this decrease.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Favre
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scapini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Carnovale
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carrillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006498:Hepatectomy; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D011700:Putrescine