title: Effect of a therapeutic intervention for the hemiplegic upper limb in the acute phase after stroke: a single-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arm function recovery is notoriously poor in stroke patients. The effect of treatment modalities, particularly those directed at improving upper limb function, has been studied primarily in chronic stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific therapeutic intervention on arm function in the acute phase after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial, 100 consecutive patients were allocated to either an experimental group that received an additional treatment of sensorimotor stimulation or to a control group. The intervention was applied for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated for level of impairment (Brunnström-Fugl-Meyer test) and disability (Action Research Arm test, Barthel Index) before, midway, and after the intervention period and at follow-up 6 and 12 months after stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the experimental group performed better on the Brunnström-Fugl-Meyer test than those in the control group throughout the study period, but differences were significant only at follow-up. Results on the Action Research Arm test and Barthel Index revealed no effect at the level of disability. The effect of the therapy was attributed to the repetitive stimulation of muscle activity. The treatment was most effective in patients with a severe motor deficit and hemianopia or hemi-inattention. No adverse effects due to the intervention were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding a specific intervention during the acute phase after stroke improved motor recovery, which was apparent 1 year later. These results emphasize the potential beneficial effect of therapeutic interventions for the arm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Leuven, Belgium. Hilde.Feys@flok.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Feys
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: De Weerdt
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Selz
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cox Steck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spichiger
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Vereeck
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Putman
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Van Hoydonck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011379:Prognosis; D016037:Single-Blind Method