title: Early loss of renal transplants in patients with thrombophilia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We considered the possibility that thrombophilia may propagate graft thrombosis and therefore we evaluated the protein C system, which is a natural anticoagulant. Potential alterations in this system include protein C or protein S deficiency, inhibition through a lupus anticoagulant (LA), or a resistance to activated protein C due to the factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-two consecutive renal transplant patients, not known to have abnormal thrombostasis, in whom 1-year graft survival could be assessed, underwent laboratory testing for protein C or S activity, LA, and FVL. Transplant survival and demographic data were extracted from the hospital record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 18 patients with thrombophilia (FVL, 10; LA, 6; protein S, 2) who had received a total of 28 renal transplants. Of these 28 transplant recipients, 11 transplants were lost within the first year, compared with 21 of 155 transplants to 114 patients without thrombophilia (P=0.0003). Median graft survival for patients with thrombophilia was 30 months (range: 0 to 166), compared with 86 months (range: 0 to 212) for patients without thrombophilia (P<0.01). The presence of thrombophilia represented a 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.3-5.3-fold) risk for 1-year graft loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective study, patients with thrombophilia had a significantly higher risk of early transplant failure. These data point toward a potential contribution of thrombophilia to transplant loss, a hypothesis that needs further study.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, Munich.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischereder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Göhring
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Von Appen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Samtleben
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlöndorff
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Land
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011486:Protein C / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011486:Protein C