title: Results of quantitative cultures of urine by free catch and catheterization from healthy adult horses.
abstract: Quantitative urine cultures were performed on 11 male and 11 female healthy adult horses. Urine was collected by free catch and catheterization using standard methods. Results showed that all samples collected by free catch contained less than 20,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. All samples collected by catheterization contained 500 CFU/mL or less. A significant difference was found between collection methods (P < .005), with catheterization having less contamination. In samples collected by free catch, females had significantly greater contamination than did males (P < .03). Predominant bacterial species isolated included Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus spp., Diptheroids sp., Proteus spp., and Enterococcus sp. Many samples contained multiple bacterial species. Bacterial isolates were representative of the normal bacterial flora of the equine urogenital tract. This paper establishes reference values for quantitative urine culture results in healthy adult horses to aid in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Popular Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: MacLeay
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D014554:Urination; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes