title: The endoscopic forehead lift.
abstract: Endoscopic techniques are being successfully applied to address eyebrow and forehead ptosis. The methods rely on extensive subperiosteal and subgaleal release of the forehead and scalp flap, allowing the elevation of soft tissues. Ablation of the depressor supercilli and procerus can be performed to address skin folding in the glabellar region. The mobilized frontotemporal flap is then elevated to the desired level and fixated with microscrews to the outer table of the skull. Laterally, the flap is fixed to the deep temporalis fascia. The technique relies upon a solid knowledge of the regional anatomy and the use of specialized instruments now available for dissecting under the flap. The endoscopic forehead lift can achieve results comparable to those obtained by the open coronal forehead lift while minimizing the incidence and extent of postoperative cutaneous anesthesia and telogenic hair loss, which frequently follows open coronal forehead surgery. In addition, the endoscopic technique is able to address eyebrow ptosis in the balding male without causing disfiguring scarring.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Steinsapir
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shorr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Baylis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps