title: Does glutamate mediate brain damage in acute encephalitis?
abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amino acid neurotransmitter concentrations in 23 patients with acute encephalitis were compared with those in patients with acute brain infarction, multiple sclerosis and controls. The concentration of glutamate was significantly higher in encephalitis (5.2+/-6.7 micromol/l) and stroke patients (9.6+/-14.2 micromol/l) than in MS patients (1.6+/-0.9 micromol/l) and controls (1.7+/-0.8 micromol/l; p < 0.001). The concentration of glycine was significantly higher in encephalitis (11.0+/-4.7 micromol/l) than in stroke (7.6+/-3.2 micromol/l) and MS patients (6.3+/-2.1 micromol/l) or controls (5.6+/-1.8 micromol/l; p < 0.002). Taurine levels were significantly lower in encephalitis patients than in the other groups (p = 0.04). The correlation of high glutamate levels with poor outcome was almost significant (Kendall tau 0.63, p = 0.06). Our observations suggest that exicitotoxic neurotransmission may play an important role in the series of events that lead to neuronal damage in encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Launes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirén
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viinikka
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hokkanen
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lindsberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005998:Glycine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013654:Taurine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D013654:Taurine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005998:Glycine