title: Antipanic effect of fluoxetine measured by CO2 challenge test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory symptoms are important in panic disorder for frequency and intensity. Patients with this disorder are often chronic hyperventilators, and inhalation of carbon dioxide is a strong panicogenic stimulus. We tested the hypothesis of whether respiratory parameters may be used as indicators of the course of panic disorder during its treatment with fluoxetine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with panic disorders, previously shown to panic in response to intravenously administered lactate, and 10 control subjects underwent the Read rebreathing test by a 5-min inhalation of a 7% CO2/93% O2 mixture before and after 1 month of fluoxetine treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients differed from controls for higher percent value of expiratory reserve volume/vital capacity ratio and ventilatory response. Eight of the 9 patients had panic in response to the CO2 challenge. After fluoxetine, respiratory parameters decreased significatively, and only 3 patients remained hypercarbic challenge responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The carbon dioxide challenge may represent a useful tool to evaluate the individual respiratory set, which may be a marker of the vulnerability to panic attack. Assessment of respiratory parameters may represent a biological marker to measure the efficacy of antipanic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bocola
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Trecco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sollecito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D005473:Fluoxetine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid