title: Hypervolemia in men from fluid ingestion at rest and during exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma osmolality (Osm) is important for controlling and maintaining plasma volume (PV) and body water. The effect of oral rehydration fluids for ameliorating dehydration is well-established; but optimal composition and Osm of fluids for hyperhydrating normally hydrated subjects is less clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six treatments were used without and with oral fluids of varying ionic and constituent concentrations for hyperhydrating six previously euhydrated men (30 +/- SD 8 yr, 76.84 +/- 16.19 kg, 73 +/- 12 ml.kg-1 PV, 40 +/- 10 ml.min-1.kg-1 peak VO2) sitting at rest for 90 min (VO2 = 0.39 +/- SE 0.02 L.min-1) and during subsequent 70 min of submaximal exercise (VO2 = 2.08 +/- SE 0.33 L.min-1, 70 +/- 7% peak VO2). The hypothesis was that the fluid composition is more important than plasma Osm for increasing PV in euhydrated subjects at rest and maintaining it during exercise. Drink formulation compositions, given at 10 ml.kg-1 body wt, (mean = 768 ml), for the sitting period were: Performance 1 (P1; 55 mEq Na+, 365 mOsm.kg H2O-1), P2 (97 mEq Na+, 791 mOsm.kg-1), P2G (113 mEq Na+, 4% glycerol, 1382 mOsm.kg-1), AstroAde (AA; 164 mEq Na+, 253 mOsm.kg-1), and 01 and 02 (no drinking). The exercise drink (10 ml.kg-1, 768 ml) was P1 for all treatments except 02 (no drinking); thus, drink designations were: P1/P1, P2/P1, P2G/P1, AA/P1, 0/P1, and 0/0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PV at rest increased (p < 0.05) by 4.7% with P1 and by 7.9% with AA. Percent change in PV during exercise was +1% to +3% (NS) with AA/P1; -6% to 0% (NS) with P1/P1, P2/P1, P2G/P1, and 0/P1; and -8% to -5% (p < 0.05) with 0/0. AA, with the lowest Osm of 253 mOsm.kg-1, increased PV at rest (as did P1) and maintained it during exercise, whereas the other drinks with lower Na+ and higher Osm of 365-1382 mOsm.kg-1 did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drink composition appears to be more important than its Osm for increasing PV at rest and for maintaining it during exercise in previously euhydrated subjects.
authors.affiliation: Gravitational Research Branch (239-11), NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Greenleaf
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Looft-Wilson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wisherd
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Whittam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D003681:Dehydration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010807:Physical Endurance; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015532:Rehydration Solutions