title: High prevalence of infection with hepatitis G virus in patients with hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenic role of hepatitis G virus, the recently discovered blood-borne agent, is controversial. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis G virus infection in hepatic and in extrahepatic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 166 Italian patients (112 male, 54 female, mean age 61.8+/-9.3, mean+/-SD, range 34-85). One hundred and eighteen had cirrhosis, which was complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma in 66 cases. Forty-eight patients had extra-hepatic malignancies. Circulating HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of both the nonstructural-3 and 5'noncoding regions of the hepatitis G virus genome. Antibodies to the E2 protein of hepatitis G virus were detected by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ongoing HGV infection was detected in 30/66 (46%) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 12/52 (23%) patients with cirrhosis, and 14/48 (29%) patients with extrahepatic malignancies (p<0.05). Evidence of exposure to hepatitis G virus (detection of either HGV RNA or anti-E2 antibodies) was found in 46% of patients with cirrhosis, 66% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 39% of patients with extrahepatic malignancies. Serum HGV RNA positivity was associated with a hematocrit value < or = 0.35 and with history of exposure to blood products (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ongoing hepatitis G virus infection is detected at a very high rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but is also fairly common in extrahepatic malignancies. Hepatitis G virus infection in these patients is likely to originate from exposure to blood products, and to persist because of deficient immune surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology and Medicine, University of Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toniutto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirisi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bardus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soardo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vitulli
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tisminetzky
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pacco
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baralle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D014158:Transcription, Genetic