title: Engineering analysis of penile hemodynamic and structural-dynamic relationships: Part I--Clinical implications of penile tissue mechanical properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The least investigated physical determinant of penile rigidity has been penile tissue material properties. The goals in this study (Part I) were to define two penile mechanical parameters, cavernosal expandability X and tunical distensibility VE/VF, determine their magnitudes in humans and develop an analytical expression for penile volume as a function of these two tissue characteristics and intracavernosal pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic infusion pharmacocavernosometry was performed in 21 impotent patients (age 43 +/- 19 y) to provide human geometric, hemodynamic and structural data. A mathematically derived model of hemodynamic and structural-dynamic characteristics of penile erection was developed (Parts I, II, III) incorporating penile tissue mechanical qualities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cavernosal expandability X provided a measure of the ability to approach maximum volume at relatively low intracavernosal pressures. Tunical distensibility VE/VF denoted the maximal erect to flaccid penile volume ratio. The magnitudes of X and VE/VF in the study population were 0.04-0.17 mmHg-1 and 1.7-5.0 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enabling penile volume to be derived as a function of tissue mechanical characteristics and pressure, allows for penile rigidity to be expressed (in Part II) as a function of pressure, geometry and tissue qualities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Udelson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nehra
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hatzichristou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azadzoi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krane
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Saenz de Tejada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003187:Compliance; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010410:Penile Erection; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*