title: Terminal megakaryocytic differentiation of TF-1 cells is induced by phorbol esters and thrombopoietin and is blocked by expression of PML/RARalpha fusion protein.
abstract: We have analyzed the differentiation program of growth factor-dependent TF-1 erythroleukemia cells as well as clones with inducible expression of the APL-specific PML/RARalpha protein. We have shown that TF-1 cells may be induced to megakaryocytic differentiation by phorbol ester (phorbol dibutyrate, PDB) addition, particularly when combined with thrombopoietin (Tpo). RT-PCR studies showed that Tpo induces Tpo receptor (TpoR or c-mpl), whose expression was further potentiated by PDB addition. When the cells are induced with both PDB and Tpo erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) expression was inhibited. In the absence of Zn2+-induced PML/RARalpha expression, PDB and Tpo induced megakaryocytic differentiation of TF-1 MTPR clones as observed in 'wild-type' TF-1 cells. Conversely, when PML/RARalpha expression was induced by Zn2+, PDB and Tpo treatment of these clones caused only a reduced level of megakaryocytic differentiation. These observations indicate that: (1) TF-1 cells as well as other erythroleukemic cells, possess the capacity to differentiate to megakaryocytic cells when grown in the presence of protein kinase (PKC) activators and more efficiently when combined with Tpo; (2) the PML/RARalpha gene has a wide capacity to interfere with the program of hematopoietic differentiation, including megakaryocytic differentiation. Finally, we also observed that PML/RARalpha expression in TF-1 cells induces an up-modulation of interleukin-3 receptor, c-kit and c-mpl, a phenomenon which may offer these cells a growth advantage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grignani
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogaia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masciulli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gelmetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerriero
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macioce
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liberatore
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barberi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pelicci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peschle
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D013926:Thrombopoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; C093476:promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion oncoprotein; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D013926:Thrombopoietin