title: Prospective follow-up study of borderline personality disorder: prognosis, prediction of outcome, and Axis II comorbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the rate of persistence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), the existence of concomitant personality disorders on follow-up, and the predictors of outcome in patients who met criteria for BPD compared with patients with borderline features who failed to meet all of the criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study reassessed subjects for BPD diagnosis and cooccurring personality pathology at 7 years follow-up. Initial measures of borderline and comorbid personality psychopathology were used to predict levels of borderline or other personality disorder psychopathology at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 57 subjects who initially met the criteria for BPD, 30 (52.6%) were found to have remitted BPD, and 27 (47.4%) were characterized as having persistent BPD. The remitted group met significantly fewer comorbid personality disorder diagnoses than the persistent group (mean = 0.8, mean = 3.5 respectively; P < 0.05). Results also indicated that the initial level of borderline psychopathology was predictive of borderline psychopathology at follow-up, which explained 17% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective follow-up study found that almost 50% of former inpatients with BPD continue to test positive for BPD at 7 years follow-up, and these persistent BPD patients also had significantly more comorbid personality psychopathology. Borderline psychopathology at follow-up was primarily predicted by the level of borderline psychopathology recorded at the initial assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Wellesley/Central Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Links
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heslegrave
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Reekum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008273:Magic / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010258:Paranoid Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index