title: Purification and characterization of the rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase.
abstract: The biosynthesis of carnitine from lysine and methionine involves five enzymatic reactions. Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBH; EC 1.14.11.1) is the last enzyme of this pathway. It catalyzes the reaction of hydroxylation of gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine. This enzyme had never been purified to homogeneity from rat tissue. This paper describes the purification and characterization of the rat liver BBH. This protein has been purified some 413 fold by ion exchange, affinity and gel-filtration chromatographies and appears as a dimere of 43,000 Daltons subunits by PAGE. The affinity chromatography column used in the purification process utilizes 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate (THP), a BBH inhibitor, as the ligand. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the liver enzyme. They were able to precipitate BBH activity in either a crude liver extract or a purified fraction of the enzyme. Furthermore, it crossreacts with a 43 kDa protein in the liver. No evidence for extra hepatic enzyme was found.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Recherche en Nutrition Cellulaire et Métabolique, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Borgne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guyonnet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clouet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Demarquoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001622:Betaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002331:Carnitine; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008763:Methylhydrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050563:gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D008024:Ligands; D008763:Methylhydrazines; D001622:Betaine; C002889:gamma-butyrobetaine; C050147:3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D002374:Catalase; D050563:gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002331:Carnitine