title: Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
abstract: In the United States, prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor malignancy in men and second to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in this group. Even though prostate cancer is responsible for 40,000 deaths per year, screening programs are a matter of controversy because scientific evidence is lacking that early detection decreases morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, treatment decisions are difficult to make because of the generally indolent nature of prostate cancer and because it tends to occur in older men who often have multiple, competing medical illnesses. Depending on the specific situation, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or watchful waiting (observation) will be the most appropriate management option. In general, localized cancer is best treated with surgical removal of the prostate gland or radiotherapy. Hormone deprivation therapy is the primary method of controlling metastatic prostate cancer. At present, chemotherapy cannot cure disseminated prostate cancer. Watchful waiting is a reasonable management alternative for prostate cancer in an older patient or a patient with other serious illnesses.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1738, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zeiner
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dekernion
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003363:Cost Control; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012017:Referral and Consultation
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen