title: Metabolic fate and hepatocyte toxicity of reverse amide analogs of conjugated ursodeoxycholate in the rat.
abstract: Reverse amide analogs of conjugated bile acids were tested for their effects on the viability of cultured primary rat hepatocytes, for their transport and metabolism in the intact rat, and for their susceptibility to hydrolysis by intestinal bacteria. Succinylnorursodeoxycholanylamide (SNUDCN) and its parent C23 amine showed the same general lack of toxicity toward hepatocytes as the normal conjugates of ursodeoxycholic acid, at concentrations up to 500 microM. The 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy analog and its parent amine were more toxic than the corresponding dihydroxy compounds, although their effects were similar to those observed for the normal conjugates of cholic acid. Following intraduodenal infusion, greater than 80% of administered SNUDCN appeared in the bile of bile fistula rats. Analysis of bile fractions indicated the presence of SNUDCN (81.5 mol% of original amount) and two metabolites, the taurine conjugate of SNUDCN (9.4 mol%) and SNUDCN containing an additional hydroxy group (9.1 mol%). Although SNUDCN underwent an efficient first pass enterohepatic circulation, it displayed a shorter biological half life than taurocholate (T1/2: 8.9 h vs 39.6 h, respectively). The reverse amide analogs were not hydrolyzed by any of a variety of intestinal bacteria known to hydrolyze normal conjugated bile acids. Despite the shorter half-life, the reverse amide analogs may be of potential use in the targeting of therapeutic bile acids to the colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. coleman@brody.med.ecu.edu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Setchell
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Hylemon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandak
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Heuman
authors.forename: Z R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Vlahcevic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D004764:Enterohepatic Circulation; D006207:Half-Life; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid