title: Low-vacuum, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy of poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of low-vacuum, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) in examining the surfaces of intraocular lenses (IOLs) without preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro laboratory experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six commercially available IOLs made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and one explanted PMMA IOL were evaluated with LVSEM without sputter coating. Sham surgical maneuvers were performed on some IOLs and the surface changes observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smooth surfaces of IOL optics and haptics, relatively sharp edges of optic holes, and irregularities at the optic/haptic junction were clearly observed. Crystalline deposits were seen on the surfaces after the IOLs were dipped and dried in saline solution. Scratches and marks were observed after they were grasped with a forceps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-vacuum, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy is a time-saving procedure that can be used by inexperienced investigators. The resolution under relatively low magnification appeared to be satisfactory for evaluating the IOL surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshima
mesh_terms: D004560:Electricity; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate