title: Antihyperglycemic effects of N-containing sugars from Xanthocercis zambesiaca, Morus bombycis, Aglaonema treubii, and Castanospermum australe in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.
abstract: The aqueous MeOH extract of the leaves and root of Xanthocercis zambesiaca (Leguminosae) and eight structurally related nitrogen-containing sugars, fagomine (1), 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylfagomine (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylfagomine (3), 3-epifagomine (4), 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol (5), castanospermine (6), alpha-homonojirimycin (7), and 1-deoxynojirimycin (8) were evaluated for antihyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. The insulin-releasing effects of 1 were also investigated. The blood glucose level fell after i.p. injection of the extract (50 mg/kg). Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 reduced the blood glucose level after i.p. injection of 150 mumol/kg. Compound 1 increased plasma insulin level in STZ-diabetic mice and potentiated the 8.3-mM glucose-induced insulin release from the rat isolated-perfused pancreas. The 1-induced potentiation of insulin release may partly contribute to antihyperglycemic action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haruno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts