title: The Mitrofanoff procedure in paediatric urinary tract reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract reconstruction is required in many congenital and some acquired urological conditions in childhood. The majority are managed by clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), for which purpose the appendix or other tubular structure may be used to provide a continent catheterizable abdominal stoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 1996, 23 children underwent urinary tract reconstruction of varying complexity together with a continent diversion according to the Mitrofanoff principle. The appendix was used in 14 patients and the ureter in seven. Two patients had previously had an appendicectomy and the ureters were not suitable. One had a catheterizable channel made from an isolated segment of colon and the other had a detrusor tube constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients with an appendix conduit, six with a ureteric conduit, and one with a colonic tube are continent, although the latter has had some problems with stomal stenosis. All manage CIC with comfort, the older children doing the procedure themselves. One appendix conduit has stomal incontinence and another was inadvertently divided during renal transplantation. The detrusor tube strictured and was removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A continent abdominal stoma using the Mitrofanoff principle gives reliable results in children and is well tolerated. It should be considered in the management of children undergoing urinary tract reconstruction when CIC is necessary. The appendix is eminently suitable for this purpose but the ureter provides a satisfactory alternative in selected cases. When neither is available, alternative techniques for constructing a catheterizable continent channel may be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000601:surgery; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery