title: A randomized, double-blind trial comparing combinations of nevirapine, didanosine, and zidovudine for HIV-infected patients: the INCAS Trial. Italy, The Netherlands, Canada and Australia Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines recommend that individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) be treated using combinations of antiretroviral agents to achieve sustained suppression of viral replication as measured by the plasma HIV-1 RNA assay, in the hopes of achieving prolonged remission of the disease. However, until recently, many drug combinations have not led to sustained suppression of HIV-1 RNA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the virologic effects of various combinations of nevirapine, didanosine, and zidovudine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, controlled, randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated ambulatory research clinics in Italy, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia (INCAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Antiretroviral therapy-naive adults free of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with CD4 cell counts between 0.20 and 0.60x10(9)/L (200-600/microL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received zidovudine plus nevirapine (plus didanosine placebo), zidovudine plus didanosine (plus nevirapine placebo), or zidovudine plus didanosine plus nevirapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma HIV-1 RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 153 enrolled patients, 151 were evaluable. At week 8, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels had decreased by log 2.18, 1.55, and 0.90 in the triple drug therapy, zidovudine plus didanosine, and zidovudine plus nevirapine groups, respectively (P<.05). The proportions of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 20 copies per milliliter at week 52 were 51%, 12%, and 0% in the triple drug therapy, zidovudine plus didanosine, and zidovudine plus nevirapine groups, respectively (P<.001). Viral amplification was attempted in 59 patients at 6 months. Viral isolation was unsuccessful in 19 (79%) of 24, 10 (53%) of 19, and 5 (31%) of 16 patients in the triple drug therapy, zidovudine plus didanosine, and zidovudine plus nevirapine groups, respectively. Among patients from whom virus could be amplified, resistance to nevirapine was found in all 11 patients receiving zidovudine plus nevirapine and in all 5 patients receiving triple drug therapy. Rates of disease progression or death were 23% (11/47), 25% (13/53), and 12% (6/51) for the zidovudine plus nevirapine, zidovudine plus didanosine, and triple drug therapy groups, respectively (P=.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple drug therapy with zidovudine, didanosine, and nevirapine led to a substantially greater and sustained decrease in plasma viral load than the 2-drug regimens studied. Our results also suggest that suppression of viral replication, as demonstrated by a decrease in the plasma HIV-1 RNA load below the level of quantitation of the most sensitive test available, may at least forestall the development of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Canadian HIV Trials Network, St Paul's Hospital/University of British Colombia, Vancouver. jmontaner@hivnet.ubc.edu.ca
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wainberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016049:Didanosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019562:Viral Load; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015215:Zidovudine; D019829:Nevirapine; D016049:Didanosine