title: Insulin therapy of prediabetes suppresses TH1 associated gene expression in BB rat pancreas.
abstract: Subcutaneous insulin treatment of young diabetes prone BB rats has been shown previously to suppress the development of autoimmune diabetes. In this study the hypothesis was tested that exogenous insulin may deviate the autoimmune process by acting on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the pancreas. BB rats were implanted with pellets which continuously released insulin, at 50 d of age. Three weeks later cytokine mRNA expression in the pancreas and insulitis score were determined. While in control BB rats high levels of IFNgamma mRNA were detectable by RT-PCR, insulin treatment almost completely suppressed IFNgamma mRNA levels without concomitant upregulation of counterregulatory IL-10 and TGFbeta gene expression. Insulin also suppressed gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Mean insulitis scores were decreased after insulin treatment. We conclude that the protective effects of insulin treatment may not be due to the induction of protective Th2 immune reactivity but to general downregulation of immune activation in the pancreas, and hence also of Th1 autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany. kolb@dfi.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wörz-Pagenstert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rowsell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastegar
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015870:Gene Expression; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D011913:Rats, Inbred BB; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat