title: A long-term comparison between enalapril and captopril on insulin sensitivity in normotensive non-insulin dependent diabetic volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are conflicting reports about the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. In addition, the chronic effects of ACEI on insulin sensitivity in normotensive but insulin resistant individuals have been controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term effects of low-dose captopril or enalapril on insulin sensitivity and lipid parameters in normotensive non-insulin dependent diabetic volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight normotensive non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus subjects on diet alone or diet plus oral hypoglycaemic agents were randomized in a single-blind cross-over study to receive either captopril (12.5 mg daily) or enalapril (5 mg daily). Initially, captopril was compared with enalapril for 28 days with a 28-day washout period between drug regimens. For the long-term study, the subjects then remained on the second ACEI for a further 11 months. Insulin sensitivity was measured using the isoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (insulin infusion rate 20 mIU/kg/min) at the start and completion of each part of the cross-over study and then at 3, 6 and 12 months of drug therapy. Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1, lipids and lipoproteins were measured at the start of each clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No first or second order carry-over effects were demonstrated between the ACEIs. No differences were detected between enalapril and captopril on insulin sensitivity at any of the time points. Statistically significant hypotension was avoided, and at doses used the ACEIs did not modify any parameters of glycaemic control over the 12-month study period. There were no significant alterations in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol or Apo A1 levels during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term low-dose ACEIs (captopril/enalapril) do not modify insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control or lipids in normotensive non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tillmann
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lewis-Barned
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008074:Lipoproteins; D004656:Enalapril; D002216:Captopril