title: Arterial blood pressure response to transient arousals from NREM sleep in nonapneic snorers with sleep fragmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the hemodynamic effects of graded arousals during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in patients with partial upper airway obstruction during sleep without obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea, overnight beat-to-beat BP was recorded in six patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the end of each nonapneic obstructive event, EEG responses were graded as follows: grade 2, grade 1, and grade 0 were defined as increased high-frequency EEG lasting >15 s, 3 to 15 s, and no EEG arousals according to the American Sleep Disorders Association, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following were observed during grade 0, 1, and 2 EEG patterns (mean+/-SD): systolic pressure increased by 7.1+/-1.5, 11.7+/-1.9, and 14.2+/-3.4 (p<0.005), respectively; diastolic pressure increased by 4.6+/-0.6, 6.7+/-1.7, and 9.4+/-3.0 (p<0.005), respectively; heart rate increased by 2.9+/-0.4, 3.9+/-2.2, and 8.6+/-4.6 (p<0.005), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that nonapneic-nonhypopneic obstructive events are followed by arterial systemic pressure increases whose magnitude varies with the grade of the arousal.
authors.affiliation: Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lofaso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: d'Ortho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coste
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012913:Snoring