title: [History of the treatment of fractures of the face].
abstract: Throughout most of recorded human history, facial fractures have received either no treatment what so ever or only rudimentary surgical attention. The treatment of facial fractures has made more progress over the past two decades than in the entire two millenia before that. The authors describe how facial fractures have been treated since the New Kingdom in Ancient Egypt until today, with the methods of Stable Internal Fixation.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica e Maxilo-Facial, Hospital Egas Moniz, Lisboa.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boléo-Tomé
mesh_terms: D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000266:history*