title: [Consensus diagnosis and treatment of arterial intermittent claudication. Central Guidance Organization for Peer Review].
abstract: Intermittent claudication is an indicator of increased risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality and as such a reason to look for modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. A vascular anamnesis and physical examination can reliably exclude presence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the lower extremities, but cannot reliably demonstrate its presence. Certainty about presence or absence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease can be obtained by determination of an ankle-brachial blood pressure index. The main method for the diagnosis of severity and localisation of stenoses and occlusions in the arteries to the legs is the echo-Doppler (duplex) examination. With this method the feasibility of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) can also be determined. Consequently, angiography has lost importance as a diagnostic method and is only still indicated as part of an interventional treatment (operation or PTA). Treatment should be aimed at both amelioration of symptoms and reduction of risk factors for atherosclerosis. A key-stone of the treatment is cessation of smoking. The role of pharmacotherapy in reducing symptomatology is only limited. Walking exercise can have a positive effect on walking distance and should always be tried. PTA is the treatment modality of first choice for stenoses in the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal arteries. For segmental occlusions in the iliac pathway, also recanalisation by means of PTA (in combination with stent placement) is a justifiable treatment option. In all other cases operative revascularisations give good functional results. Invasive treatments for patients with intermittent claudication should be performed within a multidisciplinary team.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis, afd. Algemene Chirurgie, Maastricht.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kitslaar
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D015913:Chelation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D010808:Physical Examination; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors