Simultaneous indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
BACKGROUND
Fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography are both useful in the diagnosis and treatment of many retinal diseases. In some cases, both tests must be performed for diagnosis and treatment; however, performing both is time-consuming and may require multiple injections.


METHODS
We designed a compact digital confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope to perform true simultaneous fluorescein and ICG angiography. We report our experience using the instrument to perform 169 angiograms in 117 patients.


RESULTS
There were no unexpected adverse effects from mixing the dyes and administering them in 1 injection. An entire examination, including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and ICG angiography, could be performed in 45 minutes. It was possible to study differences in fluorescein patterns by comparing identically timed frames and to find cases in which ICG or fluorescein was optimal in visualizing retinal and subretinal structures. Confocal optical sections in the depth (z) dimension allowed viewing in different planes. It was possible to overlay ICG and fluorescein images or compare them side-by-side using a linked cursor. Digital transmission of the images was also performed.


CONCLUSIONS
Simultaneous ICG and fluorescein angiography can be performed rapidly, safely, and conveniently. The availability of simultaneous angiography will allow critical determination of the relative advantages and disadvantages of both types of angiography.
Freeman
W R
WR
Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
Bartsch
D U
DU
Mueller
A J
AJ
Banker
A S
AS
Weinreb
R N
RN
D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019793:Fluorescein; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007834:Lasers; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D019793:Fluorescein