title: The BAX gene, the promoter of apoptosis, is mutated in genetically unstable cancers of the colorectum, stomach, and endometrium.
abstract: Disruption of the DNA mismatch repair system, characterized by microsatellite instability (MI), plays an important role in the course of human carcinogenesis by increasing the rate of mutations of genes associated with cancers. However, it is not clear which genes are the target genes for mutation in the course of carcinogenesis. Microsatellites within the coding region of the transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (RII) and insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) genes were reported to be targets for mutation during the course of carcinogenesis in MI+ tumors. Recently, somatic mutations were found in a poly(G)8 tract in the BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) gene, one of the essential players in apoptosis, in some MI+ tumors. We examined mutations of BAX in MI+ cancers of various organs and found frameshift mutations at the poly(G)8 tract in 5 of 15 (33%) gastric cancers, 3 of 26 (12%) endometrial cancers, and 9 of 22 (41 %) colorectal cancers. In contrast, no such mutations were found in pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that mutations of BAX play an important role in the course of carcinogenesis in the stomach, colorectum, and endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horii
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein