title: T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 characteristics start to develop during T cell priming and are associated with an immediate ability to induce immunoglobulin class switching.
abstract: The respective production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a or IgG1 within 5 d of primary immunization with Swiss type mouse mammary tumor virus [MMTV(SW)] or haptenated protein provides a model for the development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses. The antibody-producing cells arise from cognate T cell B cell interaction, revealed by the respective induction of Cgamma2a and Cgamma1 switch transcript production, on the third day after immunization. T cell proliferation and upregulation of mRNA for interferon gamma in response to MMTV(SW) and interleukin 4 in response to haptenated protein also starts during this day. It follows that there is minimal delay in these responses between T cell priming and the onset of cognate interaction between T and B cells leading to class switching and exponential growth. The Th1 or Th2 profile is at least partially established at the time of the first cognate T cell interaction with B cells in the T zone. The addition of killed Bordetella pertussis to the hapten-protein induces nonhapten-specific IgG2a and IgG1 plasma cells, whereas the anti-hapten response continues to be IgG1 dominated. This indicates that a Th2 response to hapten-protein can proceed in a node where there is substantial Th1 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom. k.m.toellner@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Toellner
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Acha-Orbea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000276:immunology; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010950:Plasma Cells; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells; D018418:Th2 Cells; D014611:Vaccination; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006241:Haptens; D005719:gamma-Globulins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma