title: Insulin-like growth factor II promoter expression in cultured rodent osteoblasts and adult rat bone.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II stimulates bone formation by increasing the replication of cells of the osteoblastic lineage and by enhancing the differentiated function of the osteoblast. Although IGF-II is synthesized by skeletal cells, little is known about the mechanisms involved and its regulation by growth factors. IGF-II expression is tissue specific and is developmentally regulated. In the present study, we examined the expression of IGF-II in fetal rat, newborn mouse and MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic (Ob) cells, and in adult rat calvariae. We also determined mechanisms involved in the regulation of IGF-II by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1. Northern analysis revealed IGF-II transcripts of 3.6 and 1.2 kb in osteoblastic cells and adult rat calvariae. Ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay using probes specific to the three known IGF-II promoters, P1, P2, and P3, demonstrated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression driven by P3 in osteoblasts and adult rat calvariae, but no expression of P1 or P2 transcripts. PDGF BB, FGF-2, and TGF beta1 inhibited the expression of IGF-II P3 mRNA by 50%. PDGF BB, FGF-2, and TGF beta1 also decreased the rates of IGF-II transcription in rat Ob cells as determined by nuclear run-on assays and did not modify the decay of IGF-II in transcriptionally arrested rat Ob cells. In conclusion, the synthesis of IGF-II in osteoblastic cells and in adult rat calvariae is driven by IGF-II P3 and is regulated by skeletal growth factors acting at the transcriptional level using the IGF-II P3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06105-1299, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gangji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rydziel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gabbitas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canalis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000077214:Becaplermin; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000196:embryology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D000077214:Becaplermin; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II