title: Psychosocial histories, social environment, and HIV risk behaviors of injection and noninjection drug using homeless youths.
abstract: Injection drug use is a common risk behavior for HIV infection among homeless, runaway and street youths. However, the psychosocial histories and current social environment of these youths are not well understood. The authors recruited 186 homeless, runaway and street youths using systematic street-based sampling methods, and assessed psychosocial histories, current daily activities, and sexual and drug-related risk behaviors using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Youths reported high lifetime rates of injection drug use (45%), recent drug and alcohol use (100%), and current homelessness (84%). Injection drug using youths were more likely than noninjection drug using youths to report traumatic psychosocial histories, including parental substance use and forced institutionalization, use of alcohol and other noninjection drugs, a history of survival sex, and the use of squats or abandoned buildings as shelter. These findings underscore the need for multifaceted service and prevention programs to address the varied needs of these high-risk youths.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Department of Public Health-AIDS Office, California 94102-6033, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleghorn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018453:Homeless Youth; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012495:San Francisco; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012933:Social Identification; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population