title: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac ultrasonic abnormalities in genetically affected subjects without echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is not known whether the apparent normality of echocardiographic examination results, in subjects bearing a mutation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but without ultrasonic left ventricular hypertrophy, is due to incomplete phenotypic expression, or inaccurate echocardiographic criteria. The aim of this study was to search for echocardiographic abnormalities in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echocardiography was performed in 100 subjects from two families with a mutation in the beta-MHC (720) or My-BPC (714) genes. We compared genetically affected subjects with an apparently normal left ventricle (thickness < 13 mm) (20 patients), and nonaffected first-degree relatives (61 normal subjects). (1) Patients had a thicker left ventricular wall (9.7 +/- 1.4 vs 8.9 +/- 1.4 mm, P = 0.03), a greater indexed mass (107 +/- 18 vs 97 +/- 17 g. m-2, P = 0.03), a larger left atrium (27 +/- 9 vs 23 +/- 10 mm3, P = 0.09) and lower wall stress (78 +/- 11 vs 89 +/- 15 10(3) dynes. cm-2, P = 0.002); these differences were highly significant after adjustment for height, age and systolic blood pressure either for wall thickness (P = 0.000003), mass (P = 0.005) or atrial volume (P = 0.001), and the ventricular systolic dimension appeared smaller (P = 0.01); (2) results remained significant (P < 0.01) when a lower cut-off value (< or = 11 mm) or only adults (> or = 18 years) were considered; (3) a subanalysis of Family 714 (13 patients, 25 normals matched for sex, age and height) showed the same trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, genetically affected subjects with an apparently normal heart by echocardiography show slight ultrasonic structural and functional left ventricular modifications, suggesting that the phenotype of the disease is a continuous spectrum from normal structure to typical hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Boucicaut, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hagège
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dubourg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desnos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mirochnik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isnard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonne
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guicheney
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bouhour
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komajda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D014463:Ultrasonography