title: Differential myeloma cell responsiveness to interferon-alpha correlates with differential induction of p19(INK4d) and cyclin D2 expression.
abstract: Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has been used as therapy for the treatment of a variety of viral diseases and malignancies including multiple myeloma. The effectiveness of interferon-alpha in treating multiple myeloma, however, has been somewhat variable, and the mechanism(s) accounting for this is not well understood. As a means to examine the basis for the differential effectiveness of this cytokine, we have analyzed IFN-alpha-mediated modulation of the cell cycle in two human myeloma cell lines. These two cell lines, ANBL-6 and KAS-6/1, display dramatically different outcomes in response to this cytokine. Although IFN-alpha inhibited the growth of ANBL-6 cells by blocking cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase, IFN-alpha stimulated cell cycle progression in KAS-6/1 cells. Moreover, the effects of IFN-alpha on cell cycle progression correlated with the phosphorylation status of the retinoblastoma protein. Of interest, IFN-alpha increased cyclin D2 expression and cyclin-dependent kinase activity in the KAS-6/1 cells but not in the ANBL-6 cells. To determine whether the differential effects of IFN-alpha on myeloma cell cycle progression could also result from differences in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, we examined the effects of IFN-alpha on the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with broad regulatory function (p21 and p27) and those with specificity for G1-associated cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes (p15, p16, p18, and p19). Although we failed to detect an effect of IFN-alpha on expression levels of p21, p15, p16, or p18, IFN-alpha treatment of the ANBL-6 cell line resulted in induction of p19 expression, whereas it was without effect on the KAS-6/1 cell line. These results suggest that heterogeneity in IFN-alpha-mediated growth effects in myeloma cells correlates with differential induction of cyclin D2 and p19(INK4d) expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic/Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jelinek
mesh_terms: D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056742:Cyclin D2; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050764:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C080336:CCND2 protein, human; C493974:CDKN2D protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056742:Cyclin D2; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050764:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19; D016213:Cyclins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases