title: The rate of development and time of transfer play different roles in influencing the viability of human blastocysts.
abstract: Improved embryo culture protocols now render more feasible the possibility of obtaining human blastocysts after in-vitro fertilization. In this study we present: (i) results of blastocyst development from supernumerary embryos after co-culture on green monkey kidney epithelial cells and (ii) pregnancy rates after transfer of frozen blastocysts. In addition, we have examined the influence of the day of blastocyst freezing and the day of transfer after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak on pregnancy and implantation rates. Of 423 supernumerary embryos, 200 developed to the blastocyst stage (47.3%). By days 5 and 6, 67% of the blastocysts had reached the blastocyst stage, and were frozen, compared to 28.5% by day 7. When we compared the cases where only blastocysts frozen on days 5 and 6 were transferred compared to those frozen and transferred on or after day 7 the pregnancy rates were 7/18 (38.9%) and 1/16 (6.2%) respectively. In contrast, when we examined the influence of the day of transfer we found that pregnancies were established from day 5 up to day 9 post LH peak. Based on these results, we suggest that every attempt should be made to increase the development rate of supernumerary embryos to the blastocyst stage, as it appears that the quality of blastocysts transferred, as shown in this study by rate of development, plays a more crucial role than the timing of transfer.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Infertility and Gynaecological Endocrinology--WHO Collaborating Centre in Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoukir
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chardonnens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakkas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015925:Cryopreservation; D046508:Culture Techniques; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors