title: Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance.
abstract: An unresolved question in neuroscience and psychology is how the brain monitors performance to regulate behavior. It has been proposed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), on the medial surface of the frontal lobe, contributes to performance monitoring by detecting errors. In this study, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine ACC function. Results confirm that this region shows activity during erroneous responses. However, activity was also observed in the same region during correct responses under conditions of increased response competition. This suggests that the ACC detects conditions under which errors are likely to occur rather than errors themselves.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. cscarter+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Braver
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Botvinick
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging