title: Ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen in serum cannot distinguish patients with prostate cancer from those with chronic inflammation of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We demonstrate the effect of chronic inflammation of the prostate on the ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum calculated as a percentage of free PSA and, therefore, that percentage of free PSA is an unspecific means to distinguish among prostate cancer, chronic prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total, free and percentage of free PSA was measured in 66 men with prostate cancer, 119 with BPH and 17 with asymptomatic chronic prostatitis. In all patients the diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed by microscopic examination of prostatic specimens after sextant biopsy, transurethral prostatic resection or prostatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median values of total, free and percentage of free PSA were 4.11 microg./l., 0.75 microg./l. and 20.4% in patients with BPH, 10.0 microg./l., 0.84 microg./l. and 8.5% in those with prostate cancer, and 7.60 microg./l., 1.23 microg./l. and 10.6% in those with chronic prostatitis. Patients with prostate cancer and chronic prostatitis had a significantly lower percentage of free PSA than those with BPH. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that percentage of free PSA as a discriminator between prostate cancer and BPH was not suitable for differentiating between prostate cancer and chronic prostatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic prostatitis is not characterized by elevated total PSA concentrations alone but also by a decreased percentage of free PSA, a tendency similar to that in prostate cancer. This unspecific change in percentage of free PSA must be considered to interpret the percentage of free PSA correctly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schnorr
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loening
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen