title: Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in two patients with HIV-1 infection: atypical features and response to therapy.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a well recognized opportunistic infection in patients with HIV-1 infection, which may occasionally present with atypical features. We describe two patients with advanced HIV-1 infection (CD4<100/ mm3) in whom visceral leishmaniasis presented with atypical features, and their response to therapy. Atypical features of visceral leishmaniasis in the two infected patients include absence of fever, dissemination to the duodenal mucosa and to the skin as xanthoma-like lesions. Therapy and secondary prophylaxis remain unsatisfactory, and studies to evaluate combinations of amphotericin B and immunotherapy are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, (Monsall Unit), Manchester General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hamour
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skelly
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jowitt
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mandal
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B