title: Gastric mucosal protection from enteral nutrients: role of motility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cold restraint stress increases the force of gastric contractions and produces gastric mucosal injury in rats. The aim of our study was to determine whether enteral glucose or hyperglycemia alone would alter the stress-induced gastric motility pattern and ameliorate the associated gastric mucosal injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male rats underwent surgical placement of gastric catheters, jugular venous catheters, and gastric strain gauge transducers 5 days before cold restraint. Three groups of rats received different substances during the same cold restraint stress protocol. Group 1 received 0.9% NaCl, 2 mL/h infused both intravenously (i.v.) and intragastrically (i.g.); group 2 received 0.9% NaCl, 2 mL/h i.g. plus 25% glucose, 2 mL/h i.v.; and group 3 received 0.9% NaCl, 2 mL/h i.v. plus 25% glucose i.g. Following baseline gastric motility measurements, all rats were restrained for 2 hours at 20 degrees C followed by 2 hours at 4 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restraint even at room temperature increased the force of gastric contractions; the cold environment gradually prolonged gastric contractions. Enteral glucose blunted the effects of stress on gastric motility, increased gastric residual volume, decreased gastric acidity, and prevented gastric mucosal injury. Parenteral glucose had little effect on any gastric parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral glucose prevents the abnormal gastric motility pattern that is necessary to produce the gastric mucosal injury associated with cold restraint stress, but hyperglycemia alone has little effect on the pathophysiology of cold restraint.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52246, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ephgrave
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Brasel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Broadhurst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose