title: Cytosine arabinoside, etoposide and aclarubicin (AVA) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elderly patients (age > or = 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have unfavourable prognoses when polychemotherapy regimens are used, because therapy response is characterized by low remission rates, short remission duration and high toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phase II trial in elderly AML patients was conducted to determine the efficacy of two induction courses of a moderately-dosed combination of aclarubicin (25 mg/m2, 30 min i.v., days 1-4), etoposide (100 mg/m2, 30 min i.v., days 1-3) and conventional-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, 100 mg/m2, c.i.v., days 1-3 and 30 min i.v., q 12 hours, days 4-7) (AVA-7), followed by one consolidation treatment using a reduced-dose schedule over five days (AVA-5) after three months in CR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two AML patients with a median age of 66.2 years (range 60-76) were included in the study: three of them had histories of preexisting myelodysplasia and one of polycythemia vera. Following 1-2 courses of AVA-7 17 patients (53%) achieved CR, two PR (6%), and nine had resistant disease (28%); the overall response rate was thus 59%. Toxicity was significant but acceptable, with an overall treatment-related death rate of five of 32 patients (16%) after 63 courses of AVA. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 12 months, and the median survival of all patients was 16.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the combination of aclarubicin, etoposide and conventional-dose ara-C is effective in elderly AML patients. The relatively brief remission duration requires new consolidation and maintenance therapy approaches.
authors.affiliation: Clinic I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. Peter.Staib@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staib
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lathan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knöppel-Schwark
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tesch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voliotis
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwonzen
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wickramanayake
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D015250:Aclarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015479:Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D015250:Aclarubicin