title: Prevalence of chronic disease risk and protective behaviors among American Indian women living on the Hopi reservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a growing need for disease risk factor data for various chronic diseases among American Indian (AI) populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of disease risk and protective behavior among AI women living on the Hopi reservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  559 randomly selected AI women 18-89 years of age completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire which included questions on smoking, alcohol consumption, weight, height, and self-identified practices to keep healthy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of smoking and alcohol consumption were low with only 5.4% women reported currently smoking and 23.1% reported consuming any alcohol. Both these risk factors significantly decreased with age and significantly increased with higher education. The proportions who were overweight (body mass index (BMI) 27.3-32.2) and obese (BMI > or = 32.3) were 36.2% and 27.0%, respectively, and were highest in the ages 25-64 years. Over 80% of women reported practicing behaviors to keep healthy. Significantly higher proportions of older women reported practicing behaviors to keep healthy compared with younger women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To develop and evaluate programs aimed at decreasing rates of chronic diseases among AI populations a disease risk factor needs to be implemented by region and tribe.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Arizona Prevention Center, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papenfuss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guernsey De Zapien
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tilousi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nuvayestewa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking