title: Effect of ebselen on IL-1-induced alterations in cartilage metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the antioxidant-like anti-inflammatory agent, ebselen, on cartilage proteoglycan degradation and to determine whether its cartilage protectant activity is related to its antioxidant activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cartilage in organ culture was stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1), and proteoglycan degradation was assessed by measuring the amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycan released into the media, proteoglycan synthesis evaluated by [35S]-sulfate incorporation, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was evaluated in a coupled test system using NADPH/GSSG reductase as an indicator and cyclooxygenase activity was evaluated using sheep seminal vesicle prostaglandin synthase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ebselen caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-1-stimulated proteoglycan degradation with an IC50 of 4.7 microM. Cartilage PGE2 release was also reduced in the presence of ebselen (IC50 = 6.2 microM). However, at concentrations up to 100 microM, ebselen had no effect on the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis by IL-1. Induction of proteoglycan breakdown was also inhibited by a sulfur analog of ebselen. This analog was devoid of GSH-Px activity and was 50-fold less potent in cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity, but was equipotent to ebselen in inhibiting cartilage degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ebselen, unlike other NSAIDs, blocks cartilage proteoglycan breakdown without inhibiting proteoglycan synthesis. This effect is independent of its GSH-Px activity and its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase and PGE2 production. Therefore, this compound may provide a new mechanism for protecting cartilage matrix from degradative factors in arthritic joints.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Diseases Research, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE 19880-0400, USA. michael-anthony.pratta@USA.dupont.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pratta
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Arner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054833:Isoindoles; D009249:NADP / Q000032:analysis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007375:Interleukin-1; D054833:Isoindoles; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D011509:Proteoglycans; C013786:A73025; C042986:ebselen; D009249:NADP; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D015232:Dinoprostone; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide