title: Hydrogen peroxide enhances signal-responsive arachidonic acid release from neurons: role of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potent stimulator of signal-responsive phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in vascular smooth muscle and cultured endothelial cells. We investigated whether H2O2 plays a similar regulatory role in neurons. H2O2 did not stimulate a release of arachidonic acid from cultured neurons when applied alone but strongly enhanced the liberation of arachidonic acid evoked by maximally effective concentrations of either glutamate, the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol, the Na+-channel opener veratridine, or the Ca2+-ionophore ionomycin. The potentiating effects of H2O2 were strongly inhibited in the presence of the PLA2 inhibitor mepacrine, suggesting that the site of action was within the signal responsive arachidonic acid cascade. The enhancing effect of H2O2 was not reversed by protein kinase C inhibitors (chelerythrine chloride or GF 109203X) nor was it mimicked by phorbol ester treatment. H2O2 alone strongly enhanced the levels of immunodetectable activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (activated MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2) in a Ca2+-dependent manner and this effect was additive with increases in the levels of activated MAP kinase evoked by glutamate. The enhanced release of arachidonic acid, however, was not clearly reversed by the MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD 98059, although this treatment effectively abolished H2O2 activation of MAP kinase. Thus, MAP kinase activation and Ca2+-dependent arachidonic acid release are regulated by oxidative stress in cultured striatal neurons.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDS, Guy's Medical School, London, England, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Perkinton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2