title: A national survey of "consumer empowerment" at the state level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A national survey was conducted to determine the extent of consumer empowerment in the public mental health system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent to mental health authorities in all U.S. states and territories asking whether consumer empowerment or responsibility was defined in statutes, regulations, or policies and whether consumers or family members were employed in central or field offices of the authority. A rating scale measured the extent of consumer empowerment, and correlations were examined between this rating and other variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey achieved a 100 percent response rate. Twenty-two states (39 percent) addressed consumer empowerment and 16 (28 percent) consumer responsibility in a statute, regulation, or policy. Twenty-seven states (48 percent) had paid positions for consumers in central offices, and three (5 percent) had such positions for family members. Half the states had paid positions for consumers in field offices, and 12 states (24 percent) had such positions for family members. The extent of a state's consumer empowerment had no relationship to region of the country or the state's mental health budget. A significant positive relationship was found between extent of empowerment and the size of the state's population and the quality of its mental health services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  State mental health authorities vary widely in their direct involvement with consumer empowerment. Results indicate that mental health authorities need to make a greater commitment to the achievement of such empowerment if it is to become a meaningful part of government involvement with mental health services.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA. jgeller@banyan.ummed.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grudzinskas
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003256:Community Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D005190:Family; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000592:standards*; D013219:State Government; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce