title: Isoflurane plus nitrous oxide versus propofol for recording of motor evoked potentials after high frequency repetitive electrical stimulation.
abstract: The goal of this study was to test the influence of two widespread techniques of general anesthesia on motor evoked potentials (MEP) in response to transcranial and direct cortical high frequency repetitive electrical stimulation. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) based on propofol and alfentanil was examined in 17 patients (group A), and balanced anesthesia (BA), based on nitrous oxide, isoflurane and fentanyl, was studied in 13 patients (group B). Distinct motor responses were available in 15 of 17 patients (88%) of group A, and in one of 13 patients (8%) of group B. Amplitudes increased significantly with increasing stimulus intensity and number of pulses under conditions of TIVA. At the same time, latencies decreased significantly with increasing stimulus intensity and decreasing interstimulus interval, but not with increasing number of pulses. It is hypothesized that propofol suppresses corticospinal I-waves at the cortical level, resulting in a conduction block at the level of the alpha-motoneuron, and that this effect may be overcome by high frequency repetitive stimulation. In contrast, nitrous oxide and isoflurane seem to have an additional suppressive effect on corticospinal D-waves, which may be overcome by higher stimulation intensity. In conclusion, transcranial high frequency repetitive stimulation and TIVA provide a feasible setting for intraoperative MEP monitoring, while higher doses of nitrous oxide and isoflurane are not compatible with recording of muscular activity elicited by the stimulation technique as described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Germany. UPechstein@compuserve.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pechstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadstawek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zentner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005910:Glioma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015760:Alfentanil; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol