title: Chemokine receptor utilization by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates that replicate in microglia.
abstract: The role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain variability remains a key unanswered question in HIV dementia, a condition affecting around 20% of infected individuals. Several groups have shown that viruses within the central nervous system (CNS) of infected patients constitute an independently evolving subset of HIV strains. A potential explanation for the replication and sequestration of viruses within the CNS is the preferential use of certain chemokine receptors present in microglia. To determine the role of specific chemokine coreceptors in infection of adult microglial cells, we obtained a small panel of HIV type 1 brain isolates, as well as other HIV strains that replicate well in cultured microglial cells. These viruses and molecular clones of their envelopes were used in infections, in cell-to-cell fusion assays, and in the construction of pseudotypes. The results demonstrate the predominant use of CCR5, at least among the major coreceptors, with minor use of CCR3 and CXCR4 by some of the isolates or their envelope clones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104-6146, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gartner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strizki
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Doms
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Scarano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C515350:CCR3 protein, human; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine