title: Differentiated thyroid cancer: reexamination of risk groups and outcome of treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reexamine the age, metastases, extent, and size (AMES) risk criteria for well-differentiated thyroid cancer with the effect of therapy on outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of patient medical records and direct-contact follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tertiary referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recurrence or death.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand nineteen patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer treated between 1940 and 1990.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand nineteen patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer were treated between 1940 and 1990, with a mean follow-up of 13 years, including a recent group of 264 patients treated from 1980 to 1990 at 2 different institutions with a mean follow-up of 8 years. The AMES criteria were used to designate high- and low-risk patients. The entire group had 229 high- and 790 low-risk patients; the percentage of high-risk patients decreased slightly after 1960. From 1940 to 1960, 1960 to 1979, and 1980 to 1990, the high-risk groups had survival rates of 48%, 62%, and 47%, respectively. For the low-risk patients, survival rates were 96%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Recurrences occurred in 5% of low-risk patients and were usually curable; in high-risk patients, recurrence was associated with a 75% mortality. In low-risk patients, there was no significant difference in recurrence or death according to type of operation (unilateral or bilateral) or use of radioactive iodine. In high-risk patients, there were trends toward but no significant improvement in survival with bilateral surgery and radioactive iodine therapy; thyroid replacement was associated with a significant improvement in survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AMES risk criteria remain highly valid predictors of risk. They define most low-risk patients for whom radical treatment may add excess morbidity but not improve already excellent prognoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Lahey Hitchcock Medical Center, Burlington, Mass 01805, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cady
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes