title: The relevance of transforming growth factor beta 1 in pulmonary injury after radiation therapy.
abstract: The maximum dose of radiation which can be delivered to a tumor is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding normal tissues. The ability to identify patients at high or low risk of injury from radiation therapy might enable the clinician to tailor radiation doses in order to maximize efficacy and minimize risk. The cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has been implicated in the development of normal tissue injury after irradiation in several organs, including the lung. Herein, the evidence supporting the role of TGF beta 1 in radiation-induced lung injury is reviewed. Using the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer as a model, we also discuss how it may be possible to identify patients at risk for this complication using measurements of plasma TGF beta 1, and how this information may be used in the future to adjust doses of radiation in the treatment of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. anscher@radonc.duke.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anscher
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jirtle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta