title: Adjunctive lamotrigine therapy in patients with refractory seizures: a lifetime cost-utility analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lamotrigine as add-on treatment (500 mg per day) is effective in patients with refractory epilepsy, but its high cost requires a pharmacoeconomic analysis. We conducted a retrospective lifetime cost utility study in which clinical data were derived from a recent placebo-controlled clinical trial, cost-of-illness data were drawn from a previous ad-hoc study, and quality-of-life values were obtained by prospectively interviewing a separate group of 81 patients referred to our institution with epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our analysis showed that chronic lamotrigine treatment implies an incremental lifetime cost of about $1,600,000 for every 100 patients. Incremental lifetime utility was around 40 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for every 100 patients. On the basis of these data, adjunctive lamotrigine was estimated to cost approximately $41,000 per QALY gained. Sensitivity testing suggested a range of $25,000-$85,000 per QALY gained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive lamotrigine (500 mg per day) in refractory epilepsy seems to have a worse pharmacoeconomic profile than many pharmacological treatments commonly used in areas other than epilepsy. Further data are needed to determine if lamotrigine can be equally effective at lower (and less costly) daily doses which could markedly improve its pharmacoeconomic characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Drug Information Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Messori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trippoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Becagli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cincotta
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Labbate
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaccara
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014227:Triazines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine