title: Effects of ground, steam-flaked, and steam-rolled corn grains on performance of lactating cows.
abstract: Five types of processed corn were compared to determine the effects of processing on lactational performance and nutrient digestibilities in dairy cows. Forty lactating Holstein cows averaging 160 +/- 60 d in milk were randomly divided into five groups on the basis of pretreatment milk yields and were fed diets containing 40% corn grain for 56 d. Treatments were 1) finely ground corn, 2) coarsely ground corn, 3) steam-flaked corn at a low density, 4) steam-flaked corn at a medium density, and 5) steam-rolled corn. Cows fed the diet containing steam-flaked corn at a medium density had a higher milk yield (37.1 kg/d) than did cows fed the diets containing coarsely ground corn, steam-flaked corn at a low density, or steam-rolled corn; cows fed the diet containing finely ground corn had an intermediate milk yield (35.5 kg/d). Efficiency of feed utilization was greater, and dry matter intake was lower, for cows fed the diet containing finely ground corn than for cows fed the other diets. The fat content of milk was higher for cows fed the diets containing coarsely ground corn and steam-rolled corn than for cows fed the diet containing steam-flaked corn at a medium density. Milk protein and SNF contents and yields of protein, lactose, and SNF did not differ among diets. Apparent starch digestibilities in the total digestive tract were lower for diets containing coarsely ground corn (87.4%) and steam-rolled corn (91.3%) than for the other diets (X = 96.3%). Milk yield was highest for cows fed the diet containing steam-flaked corn with a medium density. Fine grinding resulted in the greatest efficiency of feed utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Simas
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Theurer
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007774:Lactation; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D013213:Starch