title: Signal transduction by platelet adenylate cyclase: alterations in depressed patients may reflect impairment in the coordinated integration of cellular signals (coincidence detection).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenylate cyclase (AC) responds to distinct but coincident signals from the agonist-stimulated G-protein Gs and the inhibitory G-protein Gi by generating a greater output signal-to-noise ratio--i.e., agonist-stimulated to basal ratio (fold-stimulation)--through coincidence detection than that generated by a single input (Gs) alone. Such coincidence detection by murine brain AC was found to be enhanced during chronic antidepressant treatment with imipramine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined and compared the basal, agonist-stimulated, and guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) or AlF4 ion postreceptor-stimulated AC activities in mononuclear leukocytes and platelets from the same blood specimens obtained from depressed patients (n = 27) and control subjects (n = 19).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all subjects, the differences (delta GTP gamma S or delta AlF4) between postreceptor measures of AC in mononuclear leukocytes (where AC is regulated by Gs but not by Gi) and platelets (where AC is regulated by both Gs and Gi) were highly significant. In controls, the relationships between delta GTP gamma S or delta AlF4 and basal, agonist-stimulated, and the fold-stimulation of agonist-stimulated platelet AC resembled the regulation of AC by Gi in model-membrane systems. Comparable relationships between delta GTP gamma S or delta AlF4 and basal, agonist-stimulated, and the fold-stimulation of agonist-stimulated platelet AC activities were not observed in depressed patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that in controls, platelet AC enzyme activity is determined (in part) by the coordinated integration of signals from Gs and Gi through coincidence detection, while such coincidence detection by platelet AC may be impaired in patients with depressive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: McHale
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colodzin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsos
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schildkraut
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000523:psychology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; C050992:tetrafluoroaluminate; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D005459:Fluorides; D015230:Prostaglandin D2