title: Extracellular ATP and UTP control the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates in human macrophages through the opening of a charybdotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent K+ channel.
abstract: Human monocyte-derived macrophages possess a NADPH oxidase that catalyzes superoxide formation upon phagocytosis. Extracellular ATP per se does not activate NADPH oxidase but potentiates superoxide generation triggered by opsonized zymosan. UTP can substitute for ATP with the same efficiency, suggesting that ATP mediates its effects specifically through P2U receptors. Extracellular UTP stimulates a rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in monocytic cells, which results from a release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Moreover, UTP-induced calcium increase is sufficient to activate a charybdotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent outward K+ channel (K(Ca)). The activity of this channel develops between 0.1 and 1.0 microM free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration; it is half-blocked by 10 nM charybdotoxin but insensitive to iberiotoxin. Under asymmetrical K+ conditions, this K(Ca) channel does not depend on membrane potential and is characterized by a linear single-current voltage relationship in the voltage range of -100 to +50 mV, giving a unitary conductance of 10 pico-Siemens. Interestingly, ATP/UTP-induced oxygen radicals release was inhibited by charybdotoxin in the same range of concentration as the UTP-induced K(Ca) channel. Furthermore, we show that ATP or UTP fail to enhance oxygen radicals production before K(Ca) channel is expressed (3 days). The electrogenic nature of the NADPH oxidase, i.e., its level of activation, being dependent on the plasmic membrane potential, might provide the causal link between the reactive oxygen intermediates generation and the opening of the K(Ca) channel.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U364, Nice, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmid-Antomarchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid-Alliana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romey
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Breittmayer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Husson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moghrabi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazdunski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015054:Zymosan; D002118:Calcium; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate