title: Preparation by differential gradient centrifugation is better than swim-up in selecting sperm with normal morphology (strict criteria).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two commonly used methods of sperm preparation with respect to their effects on sperm morphology (strict criteria).
  
  
  METHODS
  Auto-controlled, split sample study performed on the semen of 74 male partners of couples enrolled for IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro fertilization and andrology laboratories at a tertiary care, major teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four male partners of couples who were scheduled to undergo IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Equal halves of the same semen sample were evaluated for strict criteria sperm morphology before and after preparation by differential gradient centrifugation using Percoll (Pacific Andrology, Montrose, CA) and by the standard swim-up method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was assessed using strict criteria before and after the two methods of sperm preparation. Specific parameters studied were individual abnormalities of the head, midpiece, and tail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sperm preparation using differential gradient centrifugation with Percoll produced a significantly greater number of specimens with normal sperm morphology and also showed higher absolute quantitative improvement over the swim-up method. The two methods were comparable in regard to their effects on specific sperm abnormalities (i.e., head, midpiece, and tail defects).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential gradient sperm separation method using Percoll is superior to the swim-up method for selecting sperm with normal morphology as assessed by strict criteria. Because sperm morphology as assessed by strict criteria is a good predictor of oocyte fertilization, this method can be recommended as the method of choice for assisted reproductive technology laboratories. Use of this method may help improve outcome by increasing fertilization rates.
authors.affiliation: Vincent Andrology and In Vitro Fertilization Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leykin
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sayegh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isaacson
mesh_terms: D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient / Q000379:methods*; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; C016039:Percoll; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011205:Povidone