title: The role of osmolality in the absorption of a nutrient solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Loss of water during enteral nutrition following massive intestinal resection may be severe. Low osmolality of oral rehydration solutions has recently been shown to mediate an increase in water absorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of osmolality of a nutrient solution on the intraluminal duodenojejunal water flow, and the net absorption rates of total nitrogen and carbohydrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy volunteers with a mean age of 27 (range 25-29) years participated in the study. Enteral nutrition (17% protein, 59% carbohydrate, 24% lipid plus 5 g/L PEG 4000) was infused (5 mL/min 2.64 kcal/min) into the descending duodenum either as a hypotonic (160 mOsmol/kg) or as an isotonic solution in a random order. Intestinal samples were aspirated 20 and 45 cm distally to the infusion point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraluminal water flow rates were significantly lower with the hypotonic solution than with the isotonic solution, both in the duodenum (4.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.7 +/- 0.5 mL/min; P < 0.02) and the upper jejunum (3.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.2 mL/min; P < 0.005). The net absorption rates of total nitrogen and carbohydrate were similar with both solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low osmolality of a nutrient solution decreases intraluminal water flow rates in the upper intestine without affecting the absorption rates of total nitrogen and carbohydrate. Compared with an isotonic solution, the use of a hypotonic solution might lower the water loss in patients with extensive short bowel intestinal resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Städtisches Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D004386:Duodenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010179:Pancreas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water