title: Family history as a predictor of blood pressure in a longitudinal study of Australian children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex both of parent and of child might influence associations between parental hypertension and blood pressure in offspring.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine these associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of Australians was surveyed 3-yearly from age 9 to 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  When they were aged 18 years, 630 of 1565 participants who had been selected randomly at the age of 9 years were re-surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paternal hypertension was reported by 18% of men and 15% of women and maternal hypertension by 15% of men and 14% of women. By the time they were aged 9 years, systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in sons [117.8 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 116A-119.2 versus 114.7 mmHg, CI 113.4-116.0] and daughters (118.2 mmHg, CI 116.9-119.5 versus 114.9 mmHg, CI 112.8-117.0) of hypertensive fathers than it was in sons and daughters of normotensive fathers. When they were aged 18 years, paternal hypertension predicted blood pressures in men and women independently of their weight at birth, fitness, alcohol consumption and weight for height for age. Systolic blood pressures increased more rapidly (by 0.6 mmHg/year) in men with hypertensive fathers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systolic blood pressure in young adults differs in relation to parental hypertension according to the sex of the affected parent and the sex of the offspring. This could reflect unmeasured environmental variables or the action of sex-related genetic or intrauterine factors.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Australia. vburke@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gracey
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Beilin
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Milligan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D012727:Sex Characteristics