Mood disorders following traumatic brain injury: identifying the extent of the problem and the people at risk.
The extent of mood disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the possible risk factors, are investigated. New data are presented from a prospective study of consecutive hospital admissions. Six months post-TBI, 99 adults completed a standardized assessment of emotional state, the Wimbledon Self-Report Scale. Cognitive performance and the impact of the injury on everyday functioning were also assessed. The rate of clinically significant mood disorders (caseness) was 38%. Of the demographic or injury characteristics, only pre-injury occupational status predicted post-injury caseness. Those unoccupied pre-injury were more likely to report mood disturbance post-injury. In contrast, post-injury occupational status was not related to caseness either for the whole group or the subgroup of those previously occupied, despite the adverse effects on occupational functioning for a significant proportion of subjects. Associations were found between emotional state and cognitive and everyday functioning 6 months post-injury. Psychosocial disabilities appeared more strongly associated to mood disorders than did physical disabilities. A significant level of unmet need has been highlighted, and possible risk factors identified, which may inform the purchase and provision of TBI rehabilitation services. Follow-up data on these subjects are available and will be reported separately.
Bowen
A
A
Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK.
Neumann
V
V
Conner
M
M
Tennant
A
A
Chamberlain
M A
MA
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices