title: Prospective randomized study comparing laparoscopic and open tension-free inguinal hernia repair with Shouldice's operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although tension-free techniques of hernia repair using synthetic meshes revealed encouraging results, the best method of inguinal hernia repair is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective randomized phase-II-B study, early postoperative results of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair (n = 80), open plug and patch repair (n = 80), and Shouldice's operation (n = 80) were compared. Postoperative pain and patient's comfort were defined as main endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The laparoscopic approach had significantly longer operation time and was more expensive (61 +/- 12 minutes; $1,211) than plug and patch repair (36 +/- 14 minutes; $124) and Shouldice's operation (47 +/- 17 minutes; $69). Main postoperative complications were wound hematomas, seromas, and superficial wound infection, without significant difference between the groups. Postoperative pain, analgesia requirements, limitation of daily activities, and return to work did not differ between laparoscopic and open tension-free repair but were significantly lower in both groups compared with Shouldice's operation. So far, no recurrence was observed after a mean follow-up of 25 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open plug and patch repair is a promising technique of hernia repair in adults, because it offers the same excellent patient comfort as the laparoscopic repair but is less expensive and can be performed under local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zieren
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Zieren
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome