title: Ethnic differences in the glycemic response to exogenous insulin treatment in the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (VA CSDM).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was conducted in NIDDM patients to determine if a significant difference in HbA1c could be achieved between groups receiving standard and intensive treatment. We observed differences in the response to exogenous insulin between African-Americans and other intensively treated patients. Therefore, we assessed the variations of response and correlated factors that might explain such differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-three men aged 40-69 years with NIDDM for < or = 15 years were randomized to either the standard therapy (n = 78) or the intensive therapy (n = 75) arm. Of the 75 patients in the intensive therapy group, 57 completed the study on insulin therapy alone. Of these, 18 were African-Americans and 39 were non-African-Americans. We conducted an analysis of the data collected to determine differences in baseline characteristics, glycemic response, insulin requirement, body weight, exercise, and basal C-peptide level, factors that may explain a difference in response to insulin therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycemic control improved in all patients with intensive insulin therapy. African-Americans achieved a greater improvement in HbA1c compared with non-African-Americans with a similar increment in insulin. This difference could not be explained by differences in body weight, activity, concomitant use of other medicines, or insulin-secretory capacity of the pancreas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ethnic differences may exist in the response to insulin therapy. A knowledge of such differences may aid in achieving good glycemic control, especially since minorities have a greater prevalence of and burden from the microvascular complications of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology/Diabetes Section, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141-5000, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Emanuele
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abraira
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sawin
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Silbert
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Nuttall
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Colwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005006:Ethnicity; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds