title: Indications, outcomes, and provider volumes for carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While trials have demonstrated that carotid endarterectomy is superior to best medical therapy, most recently among asymptomatic patients, uses and outcomes of the procedure in more representative settings have not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To profile the use and outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in a representative sample of Ohio's Medicare beneficiaries and to examine the relationships between provider-specific procedural volumes and patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort using Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files supplemented by detailed reviews of medical records on a random sample of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ohio hospitals performing carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 678 charts of the 4120 non-health maintenance organization Medicare beneficiaries who underwent carotid endarterectomy between July 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonfatal stroke or death within 30 days of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reviewed patients were similar to all eligible patients in sociodemographic characteristics and 30-day mortality rates. Among the 678 patients, indications for surgery were asymptomatic carotid stenosis in 167 (24.6%), transient ischemic attack in 294 (43.4%), completed stroke in 62 (9.1%), and nonspecific symptoms in 155 (22.9%). Thirty-two patients (4.7%) died or suffered nonfatal strokes by 30 days postoperatively. In univariate analyses, rates varied by hospital volume (P=.004) but not surgeons' volume (P=.47), although power to detect this difference was limited. Patients at higher- and lower-volume hospitals had similar indications and distributions of comorbidities. In analyses controlling for indications, comorbid conditions, and surgeon's volume, being operated on in a higher-volume hospital conferred a 71% reduction in risk for 30-day stroke or death (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.69; P=.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost half (47.5%) of the carotid endarterectomies among Ohio's Medicare population are performed on persons who are asymptomatic or who have nonspecific symptoms. These results highlight the importance of identifying patients and providers having the most favorable outcome profiles. The higher rate of adverse outcomes observed in lower-volume hospitals deserves further investigation, as it does not appear to be due to differences in patient selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Public Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109-1998, USA. rdc@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cebul
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hertzer
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014481:United States