title: The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up.
abstract: A definitive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis cannot be made at presentation on patients with a clinically isolated syndrome of the optic nerve, spinal cord or brainstem suggestive of demyelination, as dissemination in time is not established. To determine the long-term risk of abnormalities on brain MRI for the development of multiple sclerosis and disability we performed a 10-year follow-up on 81 such patients who had T2-weighted brain MRI at presentation. Initial brain MRI was abnormal in 54 (67%). Follow up of those patients with an abnormal MRI revealed progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in 45 out of 54 (83%), of whom 11 (20%) had relapsing/remitting disease (EDSS > 3), 13 (24%) secondary progressive and 21 (39%) benign (relapsing/remitting with EDSS < or = 3) disease. For those with a normal MRI progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis occurred in only three out of 27 (11%), all benign. There was a significant relationship between the number of lesions at presentation and both EDSS (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) and the type of disease at follow-up (P < 0.0001). Brain MRI at presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome is predictive of the long-term risk of subsequent development of multiple sclerosis, the type of disease and extent of disability.
authors.affiliation: NMR Research Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: MacManus
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudge
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013577:Syndrome