title: Epidemiological study of latent and recent infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women from a regional population in the U.K.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM to Toxoplasma gondii (TG) and predict the incidence of infection during pregnancy and in foetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen thousand pregnant women from eastern England were tested at the time of booking for antenatal screening. Screening was carried out for the presence of IgG and IgM anti-TG, followed by confirmation with commercially available assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latent infection to TG was found in 7.7% of women and increased with age from 6.8 to 17.8%. Recent infection accounted for an additional 0.4% equally distributed across age groups. No difference was found between urban and rural place of residence. A 1-2% incidence of TG infection every 5 years of age was found. IgM-only cases were mostly false positives and were unsuitable for statistical analysis. On the basis of both IgM and IgG imputed data, TG infection was found significantly higher during the first trimester of pregnancy. Three to sixteen TG-infected foetuses per 10000 pregnancies were predicted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The east of England has a low prevalence of TG infection and therefore a high, at-risk population of pregnant women. Repeated screening during pregnancy would be expensive, but would detect and possibly prevent infection in approximately 10 neonates per 10000 women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transfusion Medicine, East Anglian Blood Centre, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allain
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D012424:Rural Population; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M