title: A randomized controlled trial evaluating nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation in malnourished HIV-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation in malnourished patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected men (n=118) who were less than 90% of usual weight for height or who had lost more than 10% of body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutrition counseling alone (control group) vs nutrition counseling plus enteral supplementation (supplement group) for 6 weeks. All patients were instructed to consume a diet that exceeded estimated total energy expenditure by 960 kcal/day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight, skinfold thickness, fat-free mass, grip strength, quality of life, and cognitive function (Buschke test).
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in baseline variables and outcomes were evaluated using analysis of variance or the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine men completed at least 4 weeks of treatment, 49 in the supplement group and 50 in the control group. Half the patients in each treatment group achieved at least 80% of their energy target. No differences in weight, skinfold thickness measurements, or quality of life were observed. Compared with the control group, the supplement group had larger increases in fat-free mass and grip strength, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the short term, nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation can achieve a substantial increase in energy intake in about 50% of malnourished HIV-infected patients. Although further study is needed to evaluate long-term effects, these findings suggest that nutrition counseling has an important role in the management of malnourished HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex 77030, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rabeneck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seidehamel
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Risser
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Akrabawi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D003071:Cognition; D003376:Counseling; D004045:Dietary Services; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D011788:Quality of Life