title: Individual and familial predictors of impairment in childhood anxiety disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which correlates of childhood anxiety disorders are predictive of impaired functioning as judged by clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four families of children with anxiety disorders attending a hospital outpatient clinic completed questionnaires measuring child symptoms of anxiety and depression, maternal psychopathology, maternal ratings of child psychopathology, and developmental and environmental difficulties. Clinicians completed the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) for each child, and correlations between it and the other measures were ascertained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal ratings of child conduct problems, child symptoms of depression, maternal phobic anxiety, developmental difficulties, and psychosocial adversity were significantly correlated with GAF. Results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that these variables accounted for 25% of the variance in GAF scores. The first four variables were significant predictors of impairment in children with phobic disorders. Psychosocial adversity was the only significant predictor of impairment in children with generalized anxiety disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to child depression and developmental or psychosocial adversity, impairment in childhood anxiety disorders appears to be related to parental anxiety and behavior management difficulties, particularly in phobic disorders. Addressing the latter factors may enhance treatment efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manassis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors