title: Nasal cavity lining fluid ascorbic acid concentration increases in healthy human volunteers following short term exposure to diesel exhaust.
abstract: To determine if diesel exhaust (DE) exposure modifies the antioxidant defense network within the respiratory tract lining fluids, a randomized, single blinded, crossover control study using nasal lavage and flexible video bronchoscopy with bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Fifteen healthy, non-smoking, asymptomatic subjects were exposed to filtered air or diluted diesel exhaust (300mg m(-3) particulates, 1.6ppm nitrogen dioxide) for one hour on 2 separate occasions, at least three weeks apart. To examine the kinetics of any DE-induced antioxidant reactions, nasal lavage fluid and blood samples were collected prior to, immediately after, and 5 1/2 hours post exposure. Bronchoscopy was performed 6 hours after the end of DE exposure. Ascorbic acid, uric acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined in nasal, bronchial, bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl concentrations were determined in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Nasal lavage ascorbic acid concentration increased 10-fold during DE exposure [1.02 (0.26-2.09) Vs 7.13 (4.66-10.79) micromol/L(-1)], but returned to basal levels 5.5 hours post-exposure [0.75 (0.26-1.51) micromol/L(-1)]. There was no significant effect of DE exposure on nasal lavage uric acid or GSH concentration. DE exposure did not influence plasma, bronchial wash, or bronchoalveolar lavage antioxidant concentrations and no change in MDA or protein carbonyl concentrations were found. The physiological response to acute DE exposure is an increase in the level of ascorbic acid in the nasal cavity. This response appears to be sufficient to prevent further oxidant stress in the respiratory tract of normal individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital of Northern Sweden and National Institute for Working Life, Umeå.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sainsbury
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudell
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Frew
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Holgate
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000378:metabolism*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid