title: Block-iterative techniques for fast 4D reconstruction using a priori motion models in gated cardiac SPECT.
abstract: We introduce a fast block-iterative maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction algorithm and apply it to four-dimensional reconstruction of gated SPECT perfusion studies. The new algorithm, called RBI-MAP, is based on the rescaled block iterative EM (RBI-EM) algorithm. We develop RBI-MAP based on similarities between the RBI-EM, ML-EM and MAP-EM algorithms. RBI-MAP requires far fewer iterations than MAP-EM, and so should result in acceleration similar to that obtained from using RBI-EM or OS-EM as opposed to ML-EM. When complex four-dimensional clique structures are used in the prior, however, evaluation of the smoothing prior dominates the processing time. We show that a simple scheme for updating the prior term in the heart region only for RBI-MAP results in savings in processing time of a factor of six over MAP-EM. The RBI-MAP algorithm incorporating 3D collimator-detector response compensation is demonstrated on a simulated 99mTc gated perfusion study. Results of RBI-MAP are compared with RBI-EM followed by a 4D linear filter. For the simulated study, we find that RBI-MAP provides consistently higher defect contrast for a given degree of noise smoothing than does filtered RBI-EM. This is an indication that RBI-MAP smoothing does less to degrade resolution gained from 3D detector response compensation than does a linear filter. We conclude that RBI-MAP can provide smooth four-dimensional reconstructions with good visualization of heart structures in clinically realistic processing times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7575, USA. lalush@bme.unc.edu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lalush
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tsui
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013667:Technetium; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium