title: beta-D(+) glucose-glucose oxidase-catalase for use as an antioxidant system.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of beta-D(+) glucose-glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4)-catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) (BDG-GO-CAT) as a new antioxidant system in solutions. A novel method for estimation of activity of the system was developed using a dissolved oxygen (DO) meter and an oxygen probe. The method can be used to determine the enzymatic activity of the system at GO concentrations of 0.005 to 0.030 unit/ml, with an r2 of 0.995 for the linearity of the standard curve, and can be adapted for analysis in any solution. At room temperature of 23.0 degrees +/- 2.0 degrees C, the maximum activity of the BDG-GO-CAT system was found to occur at pH 5.40. The half-life values for the stability of GO-CAT in 0.10 M phosphate buffer solutions of pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 were 9.78, 49.43, 53.46, 36.51, 12.68, 1.84, and 0.80 weeks, respectively. Dextrose was used in place of beta-D(+) glucose for cost-saving purposes, and a standard curve for the activity of GO-CAT was obtained using 20 mg/ml dextrose. The BDG-GO-CAT was effective as a DO-scavenger in closed containers, when the containers were opened and exposed to atmosphere for 2 days between tests, and upon reclosing them. Pharmaceutical excipients such as ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, methylparaben, propylparaben, artificial strawberry flavor, and sodium benzoate did not show any adverse effect on the activity of BDG-GO-CAT. Sorbitol, high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol 3350 increased the rate of DO removal. Sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) at 2.0% w/v decreased the rate of DO removal. These studies indicate that the BDG(dextrose)-GO-CAT system warrants serious consideration for use an antioxidant system in aqueous formulations.
authors.affiliation: Ohmeda PPD Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2005, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uppoor
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Niebergall
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005079:Excipients; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002374:Catalase; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen