title: Lymphatic uptake and biodistribution of liposomes after subcutaneous injection . IV. Fate of liposomes in regional lymph nodes.
abstract: The ability of clodronate-containing liposomes to deplete lymph nodes of macrophages was used as a tool to investigate the fate of liposomes in regional lymph nodes after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. Reduced lymph node localization of liposomes in macrophage-depleted lymph nodes confirmed that phagocytosis by macrophages plays an important role in lymph node retention of liposomes. Depletion of macrophages had less effect on lymph node localization of small liposomes than on the lymph node localization of large liposomes. Inclusion of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)-poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG-PE) into the liposomes, which is known to oppose macrophage uptake, did not affect lymph node localization in macrophage-depleted or control lymph nodes. We conclude that PEG-liposomes retained by lymph nodes are also taken up by lymph node macrophages. Morphological observations visualizing the uptake of PEG-liposomes by lymph node macrophages support this conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS ), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oussoren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velinova
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scherphof
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van der Want
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D004002:Clodronic Acid