title: Prevention of fatal salmonellosis in neonatal calves, using orally administered chicken egg yolk Salmonella-specific antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To protect neonatal calves against fatal salmonellosis within the first 2 weeks after birth, using chicken egg yolk antibodies specific against Salmonella typhimurium or S dublin.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 neonatal Holstein calves from Salmonella-free farms.
  
  
  METHODS
  After removal of the lipid components with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, egg yolk antibodies were spray dried. At 4 days of age, calves were challenge exposed by oral inoculation with 10(11) virulent S typhimurium (experiment 1) or S dublin (experiment 2). Starting from the challenge-exposure day, egg yolk antibody preparations were administered orally 3 times a day for 7 to 10 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In passive immunization trials, the orally administered antibodies conferred dose-dependent protection against infection with each of the homologous strains of Salmonella. Within 7 to 10 days after challenge exposure, all control calves died, whereas low-titer antibody-treated calves had 60 to 100% mortality. Only fever and diarrhea, but no deaths (P < 0.01), were observed in calves given the highest titer of antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with that in control calves, survival was significantly higher among calves given antibodies with titers of 500 (P < 0.05) and 1,000 (P < 0.01) homotypic for S typhimurium and with titer of 5,000 (P < 0.01) for S dublin. Egg yolk antibodies specific for whole cell S typhimurium or S dublin are protective against fatal salmonellosis when given in sufficiently high concentration, and may be clinically useful during a salmonellosis outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, Sano, Gifu City, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashi
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Icatlo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikemori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000276:immunology*; D007116:Immunization, Passive / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial