title: Evolution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in hypervariable region 1 and the putative interferon sensitivity-determining region during interferon therapy and natural infection.
abstract: To study hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic mutation during interferon (IFN) therapy, the temporal changes in HCV quasispecies heterogeneity were compared before and after treatment for nine patients infected with HCV genotype 1, including four nonresponders, four responders who relapsed after therapy, and one responder who experienced a breakthrough of viremia during therapy. Nine untreated patients with an average time between specimens of 8.4 years served as controls. Sequences from the second envelope glycoprotein gene hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and the putative IFN sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) of the nonstructural NS5A gene were analyzed by heteroduplex mobility assays and nucleotide sequencing. A strong positive correlation was found between the percent change in a heteroduplex mobility ratio (HMR) and percent change in nucleotide sequence (r = 0.941, P < 0.001). The rate of fixation of mutations in the HVR1 was significantly higher for IFN-treated patients than for controls (6.97 versus 1.31% change in HMR/year; P = 0.02). Similarly, a higher rate of fixation of mutations was observed in the ISDR for IFN-treated patients than for untreated controls, although the result was not significant (1.45 versus 0.15 amino acid changes/year; P = 0.12). On an individual patient basis, IFN therapy was associated with measurable HVR1 and ISDR mutation in nine of nine (100%) and two of nine (22.2%) patients, respectively. Evolution to IFN-resistant ISDR sequences was observed in only one of nine IFN-treated patients. These data suggest that IFN therapy frequently exerts pressure on the HCV envelope region, while pressure on the ISDR was evident in only a subset of patients. Thus, the selection pressures evoked on HCV genotype 1 quasispecies during IFN therapy appear to differ among different patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Polyak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McArdle
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hofgärtner
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carithers
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gretch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007372:Interferons; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C091015:glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus; C087036:NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase