title: Acquired pit of the optic nerve: a risk factor for progression of glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine acquired pit of the optic nerve as a risk factor for progression of glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective longitudinal study, 25 open-angle glaucoma patients with acquired pit of the optic nerve were compared with a group of 24 open-angle glaucoma patients without acquired pit of the optic nerve. The patients were matched for age, mean intraocular pressure, baseline ratio of neuroretinal rim area to disk area, visual field damage, and duration of follow-up. Serial optic disk photographs and visual fields of both groups were evaluated by three independent observers for glaucomatous progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 46 acquired pits of the optic nerve in 37 eyes of 25 patients, 36 pits were located inferiorly (76%) and 11 superiorly (24%; P < .001). Progression of optic disk damage occurred in 16 patients (64%) in the group with acquired pit and in three patients (12.5%) in the group without acquired pit (P < .001). Progression of visual field loss occurred in 14 patients (56%) in the group with acquired pit and in six (25%) in the group without pit (P=.04). Bilateral acquired pit of the optic nerve was present in 12 patients (48%). Disk hemorrhages were observed more frequently in the group with acquired pit (10 eyes, 40%) compared with the group without pit (two eyes, 8%; P=.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with glaucoma, patients with acquired pit of the optic nerve represent a subgroup who are at increased risk for progressive optic disk damage and visual field loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ugurlu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weitzman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nduaguba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caprioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014794:Visual Fields