title: The cost of childhood immunisation in general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost, to general practices in the Wellington Immunisation Network, of the audit process of recalling and immunising children according to the New Zealand Immunisation Schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practices recorded all clinical and clerical time spent on immunisation as well as the materials used throughout one audit cycle. Staff time and materials were costed directly. Practice overheads were apportioned to immunisation according to the actual time spent on each of the tasks relating to immunisation relative to the total staff hours at the practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average cost of immunising a child who attended a non-capitated practice after a single reminder or recall was $15.15. The cost to the practice after taking the practice nurse subsidy and GMS into account was $8.51. The cost of immunising children who were not immunised at the first recall increased in proportion to the number of recall reminders. The annual average cost of immunisation to practices in the study exceeded the revenue obtained from the Immunisation Benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, given the frequency of recall reminders, there was a net cost to practices for childhood immunisation after deducting the current immunisation benefit rate of $9.78 excluding GST. Thus, the practices in this study made a "loss" in carrying out childhood immunisations.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Wellington School of Medicine.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bowie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kljakovic
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000191:economics*; D007223:Infant; D009520:New Zealand; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics