title: Dialectic between conceptual and causal inquiry in psychosocial work-environment research.
abstract: In this article, the authors discuss the ongoing tension between etiologically oriented research--particularly that focused on the demand-control model--and the need to conceptually expand the work stress field to include gender and class-specific exposure contexts. Epidemiological research on the effects of low levels of work control is critically reviewed, and new methods of long-term psychosocial work-exposure assessment are presented. The process of conceptually expanding the demand-control model is discussed with respect to including other important variables, such as work-related social support, and specifying the nature of the gendered work process that involves developing new concepts and measures of the invisible and emotional labor often performed by women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. jvjohnso@phnet.sph.jhu.edu
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D016272:Occupational Health; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D016526:Workload