title: Diurnal rhythm of fetal behavioral state.
abstract: To test for the presence in utero of diurnal periodicity in the amount of time spent in organized behavioral states, seven records of 24-hour duration were obtained from each of five chronically instrumented fetal baboons between 144 and 158 days gestation (term = 175 days). Concordance of fetal breathing activity, heart-period variability, and electroencephalographic parameters were used to define two distinctive patterns of fetal physiological activities. One pattern was characterized as EEG activity dominated by tracé alternant, reduced heart-period variability, and fewer breaths in epochs of fetal breathing. This fetal behavioral state (1FB) is analogous to quiet sleep in infants. A second pattern was characterized by the relative absence of tracé alternant, increased heart-period variability, and fetal breathing activity. This fetal behavioral state (2FB) is analogous to active sleep. Cycles of these states were present 29% of time, with a duration of approximately 26 minutes and a 1.7:1 predominance of 2FB/1FB. Cosinor analysis across fetuses revealed a significant (p < .01) 24-hour periodicity of the time spent by the fetus in organized behavioral states, with a peak around 1400 (lights-on 0700 to 1900) and a peak-nadir fluctuation of 15%. These periodicities in the incidence of organized state were significant (p < .01) in three fetuses, and approached significance (< .09) in the two others. Data demonstrate a diurnal rhythmicity in fetal behavioral states, with less time spent in organized state at night than during the day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology; D010215:Papio / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*