title: A randomized trial of misoprostol and extra-amniotic saline infusion for cervical ripening and labor induction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cesarean rates in women undergoing induction of labor with unfavorable cervices who receive either misoprostol or extra-amniotic saline infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assigned 250 women undergoing indicated induction of labor randomly to misoprostol (50 microg every 4 hours for three doses with or without oxytocin) or extra-amniotic saline infusion and oxytocin. Each eligible subject had a singleton gestation, vertex presentation, intact membranes, cervical dilation no more than 2 cm, and effacement no more than 50%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred forty-eight women were studied after two exclusions; 120 were assigned to misoprostol, and 128 to extra-amniotic saline infusion. This sample size ensured an 80% chance of detecting an intergroup difference in cesarean rates of at least two-fold. The groups were similar in age, race, parity, indication for induction, and gestational age. The extra-amniotic saline infusion group had a significantly lower median initial dilation; however, at 12 hours, this group was significantly more dilated. The groups also were similar in epidural use, chorioamnionitis rates, endometritis rates, birth weights, and neonatal outcomes. Overall, 23% of women underwent cesarean deliveries, 18% and 27% for the misoprostol and extra-amniotic saline infusion groups, respectively (P = .12). There were no significant differences in the median time to either vaginal or cesarean delivery between the two groups. Eighty-one percent of women were delivered in less than 24 hours from initiation of induction; 78% in the misoprostol group, and 84% in the extra-amniotic saline infusion group (P = .19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both methods of labor induction appear to be equally effective in this group of women at high risk for cesarean delivery and prolonged induction of labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vengalil
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Guinn
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Olabi
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Burd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010121:Oxytocin