title: Disparate chondrocyte metabolism in three-dimensional fibrin cultures derived from autogenous or commercially manufactured fibrinogen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare chondrocyte proliferation and metabolism in three-dimensional fibrin cultures formed from polymerized autogenous fibrinogen with that of commercially manufactured fractionated fibrinogen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibrinogen and chondrocytes for in vitro experimentation derived from 2 horses, ages 12 and 14 months, donated for reasons unrelated to skeletal or hematologic abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibrinogen was isolated from whole blood, using plasma cryoprecipitation and centrifugation, and fractionated fibrinogen was purchased. Each was mixed with 10 x 10(6) chondrocytes/0.5 ml of fibrinogen, and was polymerized by addition of 0.5 ml of calcium-activated thrombin. Thirty 1-ml fibrin-chondrocyte disks were formed from each fibrinogen source and cultured for 0 (n = 6), 7 (n = 12), or 14 (n = 12) days. Chondrocyte metabolism and cell proliferation in each fibrin type were objectively assessed by assays for total proteoglycan content, [35S]proteoglycan accumulation, proteoglycan monomer size, and total DNA. Cell morphology and cartilage-specific cell function was evaluated by routine histologic, alcian blue histochemical, type-II collagen immunohistochemical, and type-II collagen in situ hybridization methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination indicated better retention of chondrocyte morphology in autogenous composites. Autogenous fibrinogen also stimulated greater chondrocyte proliferation (DNA content increased 1.4-fold on day 14) and supported higher proteoglycan accumulation (increased 1.4-fold on day 14), compared with commercial, fractionated fibrinogen. Abundant intracellular type-II procollagen mRNA was detected in autogenous fibrin cultures by in situ hybridization, and translation was confirmed by extensive pericellular type-II collagen accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autogenous fibrinogen has an inherent capacity to maintain chondrocyte phenotypic metabolism that is reduced or absent in commercially prepared fibrinogen. Enhanced, differentiated cell function may be useful for in vivo applications, but represents an added variable that may confound in vitro experiments, and should be considered when designing studies of chondrocyte function.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brofman
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Mohammed
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses; D011347:Procollagen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011347:Procollagen; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D004247:DNA