title: Agonist activity of antiestrogen-receptor complexes to regulate urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) endogenous gene expression in breast cancer cells.
abstract: We have shown that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) has estrogen-like effects on induction of TGFalpha mRNA in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, transfected with either wildtype (S30 cells) or a codon 351asp-->tyr mutant ER (BC-2 cells). The mutant receptor used to produce the stable transfectants was identified in a tamoxifen-stimulated human breast tumor. We have also demonstrated that raloxifene exhibits a gene-specific estrogen-like effect with mutant ER (BC-2 cells) but not with wildtype ER (S30 cells) (Levenson, A.S., Catherino, W.H. and Jordan, V.C. (1997) Estrogenic activity is increased for an antiestrogen by a natural mutation of the estrogen receptor. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 60, 261-268). We now describe the regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) endogenous gene expression by estradiol (E2) and different antiestrogens in BC-2 cells. Northern blot analyses revealed that 4-OHT and raloxifene have concentration-dependent agonistic (E2-like) effects on the regulation of these genes. In contrast, the pure antiestrogen ICI 182780 alone had no effect but could block the action of E2, 4-OHT and raloxifene. The E2-like effects of non-steroidal antiestrogens in this model system cannot be explained by the mutation in the ER alone because 4-OHT acts as an agonist with wildtype receptor as well. We propose that the clear cut biological expression of estrogen-like qualities with different antiestrogens will in the future serve as an important model to dissect the signal transduction pathway.
authors.affiliation: Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School and VA Lakeside Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Levenson
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kwaan
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator