title: The C282Y mutation in the haemochromatosis gene (HFE) and hepatitis C virus infection are independent cofactors for porphyria cutanea tarda in Australian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether mutations in the putative haemochromatosis gene (HFE) and hepatitis C virus act independently to precipitate porphyria cutanea tarda is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between mutations in HFE, hepatitis C and porphyria cutanea tarda.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies of the C282Y and H63D mutations in HFE were determined in 27 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and compared with the reported control frequencies. In addition, the presence of hepatitis C virus infection was identified and related to the patients' HFE status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C282Y mutation was found in 44.4% of patients compared with the control frequency of 12% (p<0.001). Three patients were homozygous for the C282Y mutation, two of whom did not meet current clinical diagnostic criteria for expressed haemochromatosis. The proportion of patients with the H63D mutation did not differ from the reported control frequency. The mean transferrin saturation and serum ferritin concentration were similar in porphyria cutanea tarda patients who were homozygous normal and heterozygous for the C282Y mutation, but greater in both groups than previously reported in healthy controls. Seven (25.9%) patients were anti-HCV IgG positive. None of these patients carried the C282Y mutation. Porphyria cutanea tarda patients heterozygous for the C282Y mutation and patients with anti-HCV antibodies had elevated transferrin saturations and serum ferritin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The raised frequency of the C282Y mutation in porphyria cutanea tarda indicates that this mutation is likely to be a predisposing factor. However, abnormalities of iron indices also exist in porphyria cutanea tarda patients without mutations in HFE. Hepatitis C virus infection is likely to be another common precipitating factor for porphyria cutanea tarda which acts independently of the C282Y mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Busfield
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jazwinska
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Cooksley
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D017119:Porphyria Cutanea Tarda / Q000235:genetics*; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014168:Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins