title: Thromboembolism after foot and ankle surgery. A multicenter study.
abstract: Thromboembolic disease presents a potentially fatal complication to patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Although the incidence after hip and knee surgery has been studied and documented, its incidence after surgery of the foot and ankle is unknown. For this reason, a prospective multicenter study was undertaken to identify patients with clinically evident thromboembolic disease to evaluate potential risk factors. Two thousand seven hundred thirty-three patients were evaluated for preoperative risk factors and postoperative thromboembolic events. There were six clinically significant thromboembolic events, including four nonfatal pulmonary emboli, after foot and ankle surgery. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was six of 2733 (0.22%) and that of nonfatal pulmonary emboli was four of 2733 (0.15%). Factors found to correlate with an increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis were nonweightbearing status and immobilization after surgery. On the basis of these results, routine prophylaxis for thromboembolic disease after foot and ankle surgery probably is not warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mizel
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Clanton
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gegenheimer
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lutter
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mankey
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schon
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yodlowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002423:Cause of Death; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D000075202:Contraindications; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants