title: Microscopic and energy dipersive x-ray analysis of surface adaptation of dental cements to dental ceramic surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical failure rates reported for acid etched/resin-bonded ceramic restorations are significantly lower than those reported for restorations luted with traditional cements. This improved clinical performance may be associated with greater adaptation of the resin cements to the ceramic surfaces.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of resin cements accompanied by acid etching results in improved adaptation when compared with the use of zinc phosphate or glass ionomer cements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this experiment indicate that superior adaptation of cement to ceramic is produced by acid etching and luting with resin cement. In addition, the results lead to the hypothesis that the high clinical failure rates reported for zinc phosphate or glass ionomer luted restorations are due either to incomplete adaptation or to failure within the cement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that the use of resin cements accompanied by acid etching of the ceramic surface is the preferred technique for clinical placement of all-ceramic restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C047475:Dicor ceramic; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C096477:Vitabloc MK1; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement