title: Metrifonate treatment of the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease. Metrifonate Study Group.
abstract: The efficacy and safety of metrifonate, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was evaluated clinically in patients diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). This was a prospective, 30-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel group, dose-finding study, which included a 2-week screening period, a 12-week treatment period, and follow-up visits at 8 and 16 weeks post-treatment. Patients received placebo or metrifonate once daily. Metrifonate-treated patients received a loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg (25 to 45 mg), 0.9 mg/kg (45 to 80 mg), or 2.0 mg/kg (100 to 180 mg) for 2 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2 mg/kg (10 to 20 mg), 0.3 mg/kg (15 to 25 mg), or 0.65 mg/kg (30 to 60 mg) for 10 weeks. Four hundred eighty patients were enrolled. Percentages of patients completing double-blind treatment were 96% in the placebo group and 89 to 94% in the metrifonate group. Metrifonate significantly improved cognitive ability, as assessed by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), and enhanced global function, as assessed the Clinicians's Interview-Based Impression of Change with Caregiver Input (CIBIC-Plus). At 3 months, in the intent-to-treat patients, the treatment difference for the change in ADAS-Cog score in favor of metrifonate was 2.94 points (95% CI, 1.61 to 4.27; p = 0.0001). These patients also exhibited a 0.35-point improvement on the CIBIC-Plus relative to the placebo patients (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.54; p = 0.0007). Patients receiving lower drug doses had scores intermediate to those of the placebo and the 0.65 mg/kg metrifonate groups on both performance scales. The drug was well tolerated; side effects were predominantly gastrointestinal in nature, and no hepatic toxicity was observed. Therefore, in this study, metrifonate safely improved the cognitive deficits and benefited the global function of AD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Psychiatry Service, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cyrus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bieber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orazem
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gulanski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014236:Trichlorfon / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D014236:Trichlorfon