title: Expression of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) mRNA in macrophages is enhanced by interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: A cDNA encoding the C-C chemokine MDC was isolated from a human macrophage cDNA library by differential hybridization using monocyte- and macrophage-specific cDNA probes. During monocyte to macrophage differentiation in vitro, MDC expression is first detected after 1 day of culturing and reaches maximum levels after 6 days when macrophages have fully matured, as judged from the expression of known macrophage marker genes. Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a dose-dependent increase in MDC mRNA levels, with maximum induction occurring after 6-8 h, whereas expression levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-2, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) respond much faster to LPS. Furthermore, MDC expression in macrophages is enhanced by the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Similar to other TNF-alpha/IL-1beta-inducible genes, costimulation of macrophages with both cytokines leads to higher MDC expression levels than stimulation with a single cytokine. By contrast, both resting and activated monocytes do not express MDC mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rodenburg
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Brinkhuis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peek
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Van Den Hoogen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Venrooij
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: van de Putte
mesh_terms: D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C515482:CCL22 protein, human; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha