title: Cognitive predictors of depression in chronic low back pain: toward an inclusive model.
abstract: Previous research has linked cognitive distortion, perceived interference with instrumental activities, and self-control to depression in chronic pain patients, though to date no study has examined all three variables concurrently. The present study investigated these three cognitive mediators in a comprehensive model to determine whether each variable represented an independent dimension in the pain-depression relationship. Results in a sample of 74 chronic low back pain patients revealed that a regression model containing all three cognitive variables had the strongest association with depressive symptoms. Consistent with a cognitive mediational model of the pain-depression relation, when self-control, cognitive distortion, and interference were held constant, pain and disability did not have a significant association with self-reported depression. These findings indicate that a comprehensive cognitive model of depression and chronic pain will need to incorporate all three cognitive variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas 72032-3080, USA.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gatchel
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010467:Perceptual Defense; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States