title: Effectiveness of treatments for infantile colic: systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of diets, drug treatment, and behavioural interventions on infantile colic in trials with crying or the presence of colic as the primary outcome measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical trials identified by a highly sensitive search strategy in Medline (1966-96), Embase (1986-95), and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, in combination with reference checking for further relevant publications. Keywords were crying and colic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent assessors selected controlled trials with interventions lasting at least 3 days that included infants younger than 6 months who cried excessively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methodological quality was assessed by two assessors independently with a quality assessment scale (range 0-5). Effect sizes were calculated as percentage success. Effect sizes of trials using identical interventions were pooled using a random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  27 controlled trials were identified. Elimination of cows' milk protein was effective when substituted by hypoallergenic formula milks (effect size 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.34)). The effectiveness of substitution by soy formula milks was unclear when only trials of good methodological quality were considered. The benefit of eliminating cows' milk protein was not restricted to highly selected populations. Dicyclomine was effective (effect size 0.46 (0.33 to 0.60)), but serious side effects have been reported. The advice to reduce stimulation was beneficial (effect size 0.48 (0.23 to 0.74)), whereas the advice to increase carrying and holding seemed not to reduce crying. No benefit was shown for simethicone. Uncertainty remained about the effectiveness of low lactose formula milks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infantile colic should preferably be treated by advising carers to reduce stimulation and with a one week trial of a hypoallergenic formula milk.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lucassen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Assendelft
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gubbels
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Eijk
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Geldrop
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Neven
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003085:Colic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003448:Crying; D004025:Dicyclomine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008892:Milk; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012841:Simethicone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D004025:Dicyclomine; D012841:Simethicone