title: [Epilepsy and sleep apnea syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reciprocal influence between Epilepsy and Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS/OSAS) may aggravate the prognosis of both processes. Hypoxemia during sleep in patients with SAS and sleep fragmentation as a consequence of periodic apneas, that provokes a chronic sleep deprivation, could decrease the convulsive threshold in epileptic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have carried out a descriptive and retrospective study in 20 patients with epilepsy and SAS, of which EEG recordings, video-polysomnography (PSG) and nocturnal oximetry were available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  90% were males. 75% had partial epilepsies and 25% generalized. The mean duration of epilepsy was 14.5 years. The mean seizures frequency was one per month. 35% had nocturnal seizures, 15% diurnal and 50% of the patients had diurnal and nocturnal seizures. Other symptoms associated with seizures were: Snoring (100%), daytime sleepiness (70%), nocturnal respiratory pauses (30%), arterial hypertension (30%), overweight (25%) and morning headache (15%). The PSG showed epileptic interictal discharges in 95% of the cases, focal in 80%, and a disturbance of the sleep architecture, with a decreased sleep efficiency and continuity. The mean hypopnea-apnea index was 38.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association Epilepsy-SAS in adult patients affected of localized epilepsy, with risk factors for SAS (male gender, obesity, snoring, adverse effects of drugs) must be taken into account and a video-PSG-oximetric study is indicated to confirm it. It should be noted that anticonvulsant therapy could cause breathing dysfunction during sleep or aggravate a pre-existing or latent SAS. It be expected that the satisfactory treatment of SAS could improve the control of the seizures in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Neurofisiológica de Sueño y Epilepsia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ezpeleta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Peña
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peraita-Adrados
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
vernacular_title: Epilepsia y síndrome de apnea del sueño.