title: Affinity maturation in Lyn kinase-deficient mice with defective germinal center formation.
abstract: Lyn kinase-deficient (lyn-/-) mice show several abnormalities such as reduced numbers of circulating B cells, hyper-IgM, and low proliferative responses induced by CD40 ligand. Lyn-/- mice also develop splenomegaly, produce autoreactive Abs with age, and finally develop glomerulonephritis. Another abnormality observed in lyn-/- mice is that their disability to form germinal centers (GCs). It has been considered that GCs play an important role in affinity maturation and differentiation to B cell memory upon immunization with thymus-dependent Ag. Since Lyn kinase has been thought to be downstream of the signals from the B cell Ag receptor as well as CD40, we studied whether or not lyn-/- mice could exhibit normal Ag-specific class switching and affinity maturation following somatic hypermutation. The mice were immunized with (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-chicken gamma-globulin (NP-CG). Production of NP-specific IgG1 Abs was slightly reduced but clearly detectable. The affinity of Abs produced was comparable to that in wild-type mice. Furthermore, somatic hypermutation occurred in the heavy-chain variable region at the same level as that in wild-type mice. Therefore, we conclude that isotype switching and affinity maturation occur normally in lyn-/- mice without the formation of GCs. The results lead to a speculation that Lyn may not play a role in induction of isotype switching or affinity maturation, despite being downstream of the signals from the B cell Ag receptor complex and CD40, and that GC architecture may not be absolutely essential for affinity maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taniuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D001483:Base Sequence; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000502:physiology*; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; C060902:lyn protein-tyrosine kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases