title: Effect of triclosan on interleukin-1 beta production in human gingival fibroblasts challenged with tumor necrosis factor alpha.
abstract: The effect of the dentifrice ingredient triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxyldiphenyl ether) on the production of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 was studied in human gingival fibroblasts challenged with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in vitro. When gingival fibroblasts were treated simultaneously with triclosan (0.25, 0.5 microg/ml) and TNFalpha (10 ng/ml), the stimulatory effect of TNFalpha on IL-1beta production was reduced by the agent. In situ hybridisation showed that the TNFalpha-induced expression of IL-1beta mRNA was significantly reduced by triclosan. Furthermore, when the cells were treated simultaneously with a known protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and TNFalpha in the presence of triclosan (0.5 microg/ml), the agent reduced the production of IL-1beta. In contrast to its effect on IL-1beta, triclosan did not influence the mRNA expression or the production of IL-6 induced by TNFalpha. The finding that triclosan reduces the production of the inflammatory mediator IL-1beta in gingival fibroblasts further supports the view that triclosan exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wondimu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Modéer
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014260:Triclosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003802:Dentifrices; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014260:Triclosan; D011493:Protein Kinase C