title: A comparison of patient-controlled analgesia with lornoxicam versus morphine in patients undergoing lumbar disk surgery.
abstract: The analgesic efficacy and tolerability of lornoxicam (Xefo; Nycomed Pharma A/S, Roskilde, Denmark), a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was compared with that of morphine in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study of 96 patients with at least moderate pain after lumbar microsurgical discectomy. Both drugs were administered i.v. via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for up to 24 h postoperatively. Efficacy was assessed by comparing mean hourly pain intensity differences, mean hourly pain relief, and total pain relief (TOTPAR) values derived from a 5-point verbal rating scores of pain intensity and pain relief at several time points over 24 h. Of 79 patients included in a per-protocol analysis, statistically significant equivalence of lornoxicam and morphine was shown by TOTPAR values of 31.6 and 28.9, respectively (P = 0.048). Trends toward slightly faster onset of analgesia with morphine and slightly greater PCA demands with lornoxicam were observed initially, which may partly have been due to a higher baseline pain intensity in the lornoxicam group. Lornoxicam caused fewer adverse events than morphine (21.7% vs 38.0% of patients, respectively), most of which were mild or moderate in severity. These results suggest that lornoxicam is an alternative to morphine when administered by PCA for the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After surgery for lumbar disk disease, patients obtained statistically equivalent pain relief with lornoxicam and morphine when administered by patient-controlled analgesia. However, lornoxicam was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events. This study suggests that lornoxicam provides an alternative to morphine for the treatment of postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, University of Essen Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rosenow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albrechtsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stolke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery; D007796:Laminectomy; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; D009020:Morphine; C059451:lornoxicam