title: Passive immunization of newborn rhesus macaques prevents oral simian immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: To determine if passively acquired antiviral antibodies modulate virus transmission and disease progression in human pediatric AIDS, the potential of pre- and postexposure passive immunization with hyperimmune serum to prevent oral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection or disease progression in newborn rhesus macaques was tested. Untreated neonates became infected after oral SIV inoculation and had high viremia, and most animals developed fatal AIDS within 3 months. In contrast, SIV hyperimmune serum given subcutaneously prior to oral SIV inoculation protected 6 newborns against infection. When this SIV hyperimmune serum was given to 3 newborns 3 weeks after oral SIV inoculation, viremia was not reduced, and all 3 infants died within 3 months of age due to AIDS and immune-complex disease. These results suggest that passively acquired antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) IgG may decrease perinatal HIV transmission. However, anti-HIV IgG may not impart therapeutic benefit to infants with established HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: California Regional Primate Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8542, USA.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Van Rompay
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dillard-Telm
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tarara
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Montelaro
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marthas
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G