title: Orbital fibroblast chemokine modulation: effects of dexamethasone and cyclosporin A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Orbital inflammation is common, but the mechanisms underlying leucocytic infiltration of orbital tissue are poorly understood. Human orbital fibroblasts (OF) express chemokines, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), when exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. The effect of dexamethasone (DEX) and cyclosporin A (CSA) on OF IL-8 and MCP-1 were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured human OF were incubated with recombinant interleukin 1 beta (rIL-1 beta; 0.2, 2.0, 20 ng/ml) alone or incubated with rIL-1 beta and DEX (10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6) M) or CSA (3, 30, 300 ng/ml) for 24 hours. ELISA and northern blot analyses were performed to determine OF IL-8 and MCP-1 protein secretion and mRNA expression, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OF lacked constitutive IL-8 or MCP-1 expression, but secreted significant amounts of these chemokines and expressed substantial steady state mRNA for both chemokines upon rIL-1 beta stimulation. DEX caused dose dependent inhibition of IL-1 induced IL-8 (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) secretion and mRNA expression at all concentrations of rIL-1 beta. CSA enhanced IL-1 induced OF IL-8 (p < 0.001) and suppressed rIL-1 beta induced OF MCP-1 (p < 0.05) secretion when lower doses of rIL-1 beta were used. These effects on secreted chemokines at different concentrations of rIL-1 beta and immunomodulating agents were corroborated by steady state OF IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEX is a potent inhibitor of OF IL-8 and MCP-1. In contrast, CSA enhances IL-1 induced OF IL-8 and suppresses OF MCP-1. These observations may explain the relative lack of CSA effectiveness in human orbital diseases that respond to corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, W K Kellogg Eye Center, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Burnstine
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Elner
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Elner
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003907:Dexamethasone; D016572:Cyclosporine