title: Clinical application of functional magnetic resonance imaging in presurgical identification of the central sulcus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to evaluate the advantages and limitations of functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging when it was used regularly in the clinical context to identify the central sulcus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1.5-tesla MR system comprising a spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady-state functional sequence and a cross-hand cancellation analysis method were used to evaluate 50 surgical candidates with centrally located space-occupying lesions in the brain. Three-dimensional (3-D) models of the patient's head and brain showing the relative position of the tumor and the eloquent cortex were obtained in each case. A selective and reproducible focal activation was found, indicating the probable central sulcus position in 41 patients (82%). Direct cortical stimulation confirmed the fMR findings in 100% of 22 intraoperatively assessed patients. Failure to identify the central sulcus occurred in 18% of cases and was mainly a consequence of intrinsic damage in the primary sensorimotor region that resulted in severe hand paresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although specific factors were identified that contributed to reduced sensitivity of fMR imaging in the clinical context, the present study supports functional assessment and 3-D representation of specific surgical situations as generally feasible in common practice.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Center of Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conesa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Obarrio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isamat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capdevila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology