title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor-cell support as part of combined modality therapy in patients with inflammatory breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous hematopoietic progenitor-cell support (AHPCS) as part of combined modality therapy (CMT) in patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1993 to March 1997, 30 patients with IBC were treated at our program. Twenty-three patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before HDC; 18 patients also received adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery, but before HDC. All patients received HDC with high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and carmustine (BCNU) with AHPCS. Every patient underwent surgery either before (27 patients) or after (three patients) HDC. Patients received radiotherapy after HDC in addition to tamoxifen if their tumors were estrogen receptor-positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients experienced grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic noninfectious toxicities. In 12 patients (40%), this represented drug-induced lung injury, which in all cases responded to a 10-week course of corticosteroids. The only treatment-related death was secondary to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Another patient suffered grade 4 CNS toxicity, which was completely reversible. All patients engrafted promptly. Eight patients relapsed, five of whom had a poor pathologic response to NAC. Relapses were local (five patients), local plus systemic (one), or systemic only (two). Median follow-up time from diagnosis and HDC is 23.5 (range, 7 to 49) and 19 (range, 4 to 44) months, respectively. Twenty-one patients (70%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51% to 86%) remain alive and free of disease 4 to 44 months after HDC. Median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival have not yet been reached.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDC as part of CMT is feasible in patients with IBC. The toxicity of this treatment program is significant, but tolerable. Despite the short follow-up duration, the promising DFS observed in this group of patients warrants randomized studies that include a HDC-containing arm in patients with IBC.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplant Program and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. pcagnoni@entente.uhcolorado.edu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cagnoni
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Shpall
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Bearman
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthes
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin; D002330:Carmustine