title: The genetic basis of Cowden's syndrome: three novel mutations in PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1.
abstract: Cowden's syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with an increased risk of developing benign and malignant tumors in a variety of tissues, including the skin, thyroid, breast and brain. Women with CS are felt to have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, and virtually all women with CS develop bilateral fibrocystic disease of the breast. Recently, a series of germline mutations have been identified from CS families in a gene known as PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1. In this study, we used heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing analysis and identified three novel germline mutations in the PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 coding sequence from unrelated individuals with CS. We report a de novo transition (T-->C) at nucleotide 335 in exon 5. This missense mutation resulted in a leucine to proline (CTA to CCA) change at codon 112. We also describe a novel splice site mutation (801+2T-->G) in intron 7 that caused exon skipping in PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 mRNA. The third mutation we report is a missense mutation, consisting of a transition (T-->C) at nucleotide 202 in exon 3, resulting in a tyrosine to histidine (TAC to CAC) change at codon 68. Finally, we also detected a rare polymorphism in exon 7 of the PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 coding sequence. These data confirm the observation that mutations of the PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 coding sequence are responsible for at least some cases of CS, and further define the spectrum of mutations in this autosomal dominant disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tsou
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gruener
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nini
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swisshelm
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sybert
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutphen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peacocke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006223:Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010375:Pedigree; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human