title: Changing from isoflurane to desflurane toward the end of anesthesia does not accelerate recovery in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an attempt to combine the advantage of the lower solubilities of new inhaled anesthetics with the lesser cost of older anesthetics, some clinicians substitute the former for the latter toward the end of anesthesia. The authors tried to determine whether substituting desflurane for isoflurane in the last 30 min of a 120-min anesthetic would accelerate recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five volunteers were anesthetized three times for 2 h using a fresh gas inflow of 2 l/min: 1.25 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) desflurane, 1.25 MAC isoflurane, and 1.25 MAC isoflurane for 90 min followed by 30 min of desflurane concentrations sufficient to achieve a total of 1.25 MAC equivalent ("crossover"). Recovery from anesthesia was assessed by the time to respond to commands, by orientation, and by tests of cognitive function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with isoflurane, the crossover technique did not accelerate early or late recovery (P > 0.05). Recovery from isoflurane or the crossover anesthetic was significantly longer than after desflurane (P < 0.05). Times to response to commands for isoflurane, the crossover anesthetic, and desflurane were 23 +/- 5 min (mean +/- SD), 21 +/- 5 min, and 11 +/- 1 min, respectively, and to orientation the times were 27 +/- 7 min, 25 +/- 5 min, and 13 +/- 2 min, respectively. Cognitive test performance returned to reference values 15-30 min sooner after desflurane than after isoflurane or the crossover anesthetic. Isoflurane cognitive test performance did not differ from that with the crossover anesthetic at any time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substituting desflurane for isoflurane during the latter part of anesthesia does not improve recovery, in part because partial rebreathing through a semiclosed circuit limits elimination of isoflurane during the crossover period. Although higher fresh gas flow during the crossover period would speed isoflurane elimination, the amount of desflurane used and, therefore, the cost would increase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA. neumann@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Weiskopf
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ionescu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D000077335:Desflurane; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane