title: Mediator substances of the pineal neuronal network of mammals.
abstract: In addition to receptor-type pinealocytes, the mammalian pineal organ contains small and large neurons and ependymal/glial cells as well. Axons of pinealocytes form synaptic ribbon-containing axo-dendritic synapses on large secondary pineal neurons and/or terminate as neurohormonal endings on the basal lamina of the vascular surface of the organ. The small pineal neurons were found to be gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive, while large secondary neurons and pinealocytes contained immunoreactive amino acids (glutamate and aspartate). Glutamate accumulated presynaptically in pinealocytic axon terminals on large secondary neurons and in the axons of these neurons. Glutamate immunoreactive axons of pineal neurons were traced via the pineal tract to the habenular nucleus. Axons containing granular vesicles and coming from extrapineal perikarya are glutamate immunoreactive as well. Aspartate and GABA are also present in some of the myelinated axons, supposedly pinealopetal in the pineal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Debreceni
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Manzano e Silva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haldar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vígh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid