title: Clinical and immunological features of human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients from Bangkok, Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the association between the CD4 count and clinical diseases in a cohort of Thai patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 1902 patients who presented with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the Chulalongkorn University Hospital in Bangkok were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of presentation 295 (15.5%) patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and there was a highly significant tendency for lower CD4 counts in this group (median 67/mm3) than in patients free of AIDS (median 369/mm3). A total of 757 patients had data available on follow-up and were free of AIDS at the first visit. During a median follow-up of 0.9 years, 110 developed AIDS or AIDS-related death (12.2/100 person years). Subjects with CD4 count < 200/mm3 at initial visit showed over a ninefold increase in risk of developing AIDS compared to subjects with levels > or = 500/mm3 (relative risk [RR] = 9.1; 95% CI: 5.4-16.0). The rate/100 person years was 47.1 compared with 6.0 in subjects with levels > or = 500/mm3. After adjusting for initial CD4 count, homosexual men showed over a twofold increase in risk of developing AIDS compared to heterosexuals (RR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-4.4) and intravenous drug users (IVDU) showed nearly a twofold increase (RR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.9-3.9). The increased risk in homosexual men persisted even after further adjustment for clinical stage (RR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.7) but the increased risk in IVDU was attenuated (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.7-3.2) although it remained increased albeit non-significantly. Men tended to progress faster to AIDS than women but the difference was not significant. However, the faster progression in homosexual men was seen even when compared to heterosexual men only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of progression of AIDS according to CD4 count group at baseline in this Thai cohort is broadly comparable with Western cohorts. It appears that heterosexuals in Thailand show slower progression to AIDS than homosexual men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wannamethee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirivichayakul
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ubolyam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruxrungtham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanvanich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phanuphak
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology