title: Different mechanisms for [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by carbachol and high concentrations of [Ca2+]o in the rat ventricular myocyte.
abstract: 1. The purpose of the present study was to explore the different mechanisms of [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by high concentrations of either carbachol (CCh) or extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o). First, we compared the oscillations induced by CCh at concentrations of 100-300 micromol/L and [Ca2+]o (5 mmol/L) in the single rat ventricular myocyte. Second, we studied CCh- and [Ca2+]o-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations following either interference with the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3), reductions in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), inhibition of Ca2+ influx and Na+-Ca2+ exchange or depletion of Ca2+ from its intracellular store. 2. The [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by CCh were frequent and were superimposed on [Ca2+]i transients in electrically stimulated cells, whereas those induced by high [Ca2+]o were occasional and occurred in quiescent cells and between [Ca2+]i transients in electrically stimulated cells. In both cases, [Ca2+]i oscillations were preceded by an increase in resting levels of [Ca2+]i. 3. Carbachol-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations were accompanied by an increase in amplitude and prolongation of the time of decline to 80% of the peak of the [Ca2+]i transient, while high [Ca2+]o-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations were the opposite. 4. A reduction of [Ca2+]o to 0.1 mmol/L and treatment with Ni2+ or ryanodine or 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acid AM (BAPTA-AM) abolished the [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by both CCh and high [Ca2+]o. 5. The calcium channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine and inhibitors of phospholipase C (neomycin and U-73122) abolished the [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by CCh; Li+ accelerated the onset of the [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by CCh. 6. These observations suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by CCh and high [Ca2+]o are different from each other. Other than an increase in extracellular Ca2+ influx as a mechanism common for both CCh- and high [Ca2+]o-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations, the CCh-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations involve influx of Ca2+ via L-type Ca2+ channels, Na+-Ca2+ exchange, mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and IP3 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: H X
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D002217:Carbachol; D002118:Calcium