title: Anticardiolipin antibody aggravates cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously reported that patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) frequently demonstrate cerebral infarction due to cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). To examine the participation of aPLs in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after SAH, we studied the relationships of aPLs and SAH in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAH was produced in 34 rabbits that received two subarachnoid injections of autologous arterial blood. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: SAH was induced in group A (n=9), intracutaneous injection of cardiolipin (CL) was performed before the induction of SAH in group B (n=5), intravenous injection of CL was performed before SAH in group C (n=12), and cyclosporin A was infused intravenously after the intravenous injection of CL and induction of SAH in group D (n=8). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay identifying the titer of IgG CL antibodies, neurological evaluation, cerebral angiography, and histological examination were performed in all four groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant elevation of anti-CL antibodies, aggravation of neurological deficit, and reduction of caliber of the basilar artery were observed in rabbits that received the intravenous immunization of CL (group C). The administration of cyclosporin A reduced the titer of anti-CL antibody, aggravation of neurological deficit, constriction of basilar artery, and the incidence of cerebral infarction (group D).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-CL antibodies may therefore be involved in the deterioration of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011817:Rabbits; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D007074:Immunoglobulin G