title: Functional differences between the two bellies of the cricothyroid muscle.
abstract: The contraction of the cricothyroid (CT) muscle, which results in a decrease in the distance between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, is considered to be the main factor in lengthening the vocal folds. This is achieved by rotation of the CT joint. The CT muscle is composed of two distinct bellies, the pars recta and the pars obliqua. The function of each subunit is not clearly understood, although it is believed that they act differently because their fibers run in different directions. To clarify the function of the two bellies in phonation, the fundamental frequency (F0), vocal intensity, subglottic pressure, vocal fold length, and CT distance were measured using an in vivo canine laryngeal model. On the basis of these measurements, we demonstrated that the two bellies are varied in their effect on raising the pitch, rotation, and forward translation of the CT joint. The stimulation of the pars recta nerve resulted in a greater increase in the F0 value compared with that of pars obliqua. The combined activity of the pars recta and pars obliqua is important in adjustment of the vocal fold length. The CT approximations directed parallel to the pars recta and pars obliqua simultaneously were more effective in elevation of the pitch than the approximation placed parallel to the pars recta only. This finding may be clinically significant with regard to CT approximation thyroplasty in human trails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kevorkian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreiman
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berke
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009991:Oscillometry; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology