title: Influence of smoking status on progression of endothelial dysfunction. TREND Investigators. Trial on Reversing Endothelial Dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for developing coronary artery disease and is associated with increased coronary morbidity and mortality in patients with established atherosclerosis. This report describes the influence of smoking on coronary endothelial function in normotensive patients with coronary artery disease, but without left ventricular dysfunction, severe hypercholesterolemia, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo-treated patients (n = 54) from a larger study assessing coronary endothelial function were classified at baseline as smokers or nonsmokers for this subgroup analysis. Patients underwent coronary angiography at baseline and again after 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, there was a trend for a greater decrease in target segment diameter (n = 54) in smokers compared with nonsmokers (-17.2 +/- 5.3% vs. -8.0 +/- 2.5%, acetylcholine 10(-4) mol/l). All measured coronary artery segments (n = 202) showed similar responses (-7.3 +/- 2.7% vs. -3.8 +/- 1.3%, acetylcholine 10(-4) mmol/l, for smokers vs. nonsmokers, respectively). After 6 months, smokers showed an even greater vasoconstrictor response to acetylcholine whereas nonsmokers did not (-21.7 +/- 5.3% vs. -8.3 +/- 2.5%, acetylcholine 10(-4) mmol/l). The vasodilatory response to nitroglycerin was similar in smokers and nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In current smokers, a marked decline in endothelium-dependent vasomotor response was observed over a 6-month period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pepine
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schlaifer
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Haber
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000109:Acetylcholine