title: The prognostic value of soluble interleukin-6 receptor in patients with multiple myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6), the major growth factor for myeloma cells, may be enhanced by soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Therefore, the current study investigated the clinical significance of serum sIL-6R in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of sIL-6R were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay in 55 normal controls, 81 individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 164 patients with MM in various phases of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sIL-6R concentrations were higher in MM patients (162.0 +/- 134.6 ng/mL) than in individuals with MGUS (58.9 +/- 36.7 ng/mL) or in controls (45.6 +/- 22.3 ng/mL) (P = 0.0000). sIL-6R was not found to have a significant linear correlation with any other parameter, including IL-6, beta2-microglobulin (beta2-m), and neopterin, either in newly diagnosed cases or during the course of the disease. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in sIL-6R concentrations between the clinical stages at the time of diagnosis. In univariate logistic regression analysis sIL-6R was a significant but weak prognostic indicator (P = 0.000000). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated levels of sIL-6R were associated with shorter survival (P = 0.00282). Patients also were stratified according to their serum beta2-m and sIL-6R levels. Patients with low levels of both parameters had a clear survival benefit over the other groups (P = 0.000000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between sIL-6R levels and survival is significant but weak, making it unlikely to be of much value in predicting the outcome of patients with MM alone. The results of the current study support the role of sIL-6R levels in improving the prognostic value of beta2-m and in discriminating patients with MM from individuals with MGUS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stasi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Giulio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terzoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism*; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6