title: Nasal immunization of humans with dehydrated liposomes containing Streptococcus mutans antigen.
abstract: Five healthy female adult volunteers were intranasally immunized twice (7-day interval) with 250 micrograms of a crude glucosyltransferase (GTF) preparation from Streptococcus mutans in liposomes. Parotid saliva, nasal wash, and serum were collected prior to and at weekly intervals for 6 weeks following the first immunization for analysis of anti-GTF activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of IgA1 anti-GTF activity increased in the nasal wash from all five individuals after immunization. Increases in salivary IgA1 and IgA2 anti-GTF activities were observed to a lesser extent. Increased serum IgM and IgA (but not IgG) anti-GTF activities were seen in immunized subjects. Nasal immunization with a dehydrated liposome-protein vaccine was effective in inducing an apparent secretory IgA antibody response, which was primarily of the IgA1 subclass. These results provide the first evidence of the effective use of a nasal liposome-protein vaccine in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0007, USA.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Childers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Michalek
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003890:Desiccation; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D008081:Liposomes; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes