title: Nicotine concentration in the hair of nonsmoking mothers and size of offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of small-for-gestational-age birth by levels of nicotine in the hair of mothers and offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a sample of 58 case subjects and 105 control subjects, hair nicotine concentrations were measured by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With women whose hair nicotine concentrations were in the lowest quartile as the reference group, the odds ratio (OR) for small-for-gestational-age birth was increased among women with concentrations in the upper and two middle quartiles (OR=4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.5, 11.5, and OR = 3.2, 95% CI=1.3, 8.0). When smoking mothers were excluded from the analysis, the corresponding odds ratios were 2.1 (95% CI=0.4, 10.1) and 3.4 (95 % CI= 1.3, 8.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that passive maternal smoking increases the risk of small-for-gestational-age births.
authors.affiliation: Section of Epidemiology, National Insitute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nafstad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fugelseth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qvigstad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zahlen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magnus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine