title: [Removal of retained transvenous pacemaker electrodes under cardiopulmonary bypass].
abstract: A case of breakage and removal of a retained transvenous pacemaker electrode is described. A 22-year-old woman with complete A-V block underwent implantation of a transvenous pacemaker system on the left anterior chest wall in 1989. Three years later, a new generator was implanted on the right chest wall because of local infection of the pacemaker pockets. The old electrodes could not be removed and were left in place. Beginning in 1995, the patient complained of anterior chest pain. A chest roentgenogram revealed that one of the pacemaker electrodes had broken at the right costoclavicular ligament and a fragment was floating in the superior vena vava. The retained electrodes were removed under tot cardiopulmonary bypass. These electrodes had become firmly encased with fibrous tissue within the right ventricle and atrium, but they were easily removed under direct vision duting complete cardiac arrest. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patients had no further complaint.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Fukui Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ihaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muraoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004566:Electrodes; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior