title: Phosphate and thiophosphate primers for bonding prosthodontic luting materials to titanium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When resin-bonded prostheses are constructed with titanium, they must be strongly bonded with luting materials for the prostheses to withstand the oral environment over the long term. However, limited information is available about the bond durability between luting materials and titanium.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study determined whether a phosphate and two thiophosphate primers increase bond strength and durability between a commercially available pure titanium and four luting agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three primers and four luting agents were divided into three groups according to the type of acidic monomers: carboxylic acid derivatives (4-META, 4-AET, and MAC10), a phosphoric acid derivative (MDP), and a thiophosphoric acid derivative (MEPS). Disk specimens were bonded with 16 combinations of 3 primers and 4 luting agents, including 4 controls. Shear bond strengths were determined after 1-day immersion in water and after thermocycling for 100,000 cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bond strengths were influenced by thermocycling, primer, luting agent, and their combinations. After thermocycling, the groups that demonstrated the highest bond strengths were six combinations of two primers (Cesead Opaque Primer and Metal Primer II) and three luting agents (Imperva Dual, Panavia 21, and Super-Bond C&B).
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Sakamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atsuta
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D009055:Mouth; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water
chemical_list: C111562:4-acryloxyethyltrimellitic acid; D001896:Boron Compounds; C074806:Imperva-Bond; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids; D014867:Water; C100646:Metal Primer; C034139:4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; C049495:Super-bond; D014025:Titanium; C035638:thiophosphoric acid