title: Premedication with fentanyl and midazolam decreases the reliability of intravenous lidocaine test dose.
abstract: This study was performed to determine whether premedication with midazolam and fentanyl prevents reliable detection of an i.v. lidocaine test dose. Thirty ASA physical status I or II patients received either 3 mL of saline or 1.5 mg of midazolam (1.5 mL) plus 75 microg of fentanyl (1.5 mL) i.v. in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Five minutes later, lidocaine 1 mg/kg was injected i.v. At 1.5 min before and every minute after lidocaine administration, each subject was questioned regarding the presence of four symptoms of systemic lidocaine toxicity. Any new tinnitus, perioral numbness, metallic taste, or light-headedness within 5 min after lidocaine administration was considered a positive response. All 15 patients in the saline group (100% sensitivity) had a positive response to i.v. lidocaine, but only 9 of 15 patients in the sedation group had a positive response (60% sensitivity; P = 0.017). We conclude that midazolam and fentanyl premedication decreases the reliability of subjective detection of i.v. lidocaine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anesthesiologists often rely on subjective symptoms to prevent local anesthetic toxicity while performing regional anesthesia. Sedatives are often administered during the administration of regional anesthesia. This study demonstrates that typical sedation decreases the reliability of detection of local anesthetic toxicity by subjective symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center and the University of Washington, Seattle 98111, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008012:Lidocaine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl