title: Effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and gabapentin on calcium channels in hippocampal granule cells from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anticonvulsants phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), and gabapentin (GBP) are commonly used in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ca2+ current modulation has been proposed to contribute to the antiepileptic activity of these drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of these anticonvulsants on voltage-dependent calcium channels in pathologically altered neurons from patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acutely isolated human hippocampal granule cells were examined by using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHT and CBZ produced a reversible, concentration-dependent inhibition of high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents without affecting voltage-dependent activation. The concentration-response curves of PHT and CBZ indicated maximal inhibition of 35 and 65%, respectively, with half-maximal inhibition being obtained at 89 and 244 microM, respectively. At therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations, HVA currents were not significantly altered by PHT and CBZ. However, PHT but not CBZ showed a reduction of HVA currents of 16% at a therapeutic whole-brain concentration of 80 microM. In contrast to CBZ, PHT produced a small hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation. PHT, 80 microM, shifted the potential of half-maximal inactivation by -3.1 +/- 0.5 mV (p < 0.05). GBP, which was recently found to bind to the alpha2delta subunit of a neuronal Ca2+ channel, showed no modulation of Ca2+ conductances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that, in contrast to GBP and CBZ, modulation of postsynaptic Ca2+ channels can contribute to the anticonvulsant action of PHT in human hippocampal granule cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinhäuser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Elger
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000166:cytology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015220:Calcium Channels; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D002220:Carbamazepine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D000077206:Gabapentin