title: Species differences in stereoselective hydrolase activity in intestinal mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate species differences in the stereoselective hydrolysis for propranolol ester prodrugs in mammalian intestinal mucosa and Caco-2 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydrolase activities for propranolol prodrugs and p-nitrophenylacetate in man (age: 51-71 years), the beagle dog (age: 4 years) and Wistar rat (age: 8 weeks) intestinal mucosa, and also in Caco-2 cells (passage between 60-70) were estimated by determining the rate of production of proparanolol and p-nitrophenol, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hydrolase activities for both propranolol prodrugs and p-nitrophenylacetate were in the order of man > rat >> Caco-2 cells > dog for intestinal microsomes, and rat > Caco-2 cells = man > dog for intestinal cytosol. Dog microsomes showed stereoselective hydrolysis for propranolol prodrugs, but not those from human or rat. Interestingly, both subcellular fractions of Caco-2 cells showed remarkable R-enantioselectivity except acetyl propranolol. Enzyme kinetic experiments for each enantiomer of butyryl propranolol in microsomes revealed that dog possesses both low and high affinity hydrolases. Both Km and Vmax values in rat were largest among examined microsomes, while Vmax/Km was largest in man. Finally, it was shown that the carboxylesterases might contribute to the hydrolysis of propranolol prodrug in all species by inhibition experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hydrolase activities for propranolol prodrugs and p-nitrophenylacetate in intestinal mucosa showed great species differences and those in human intestine were closer to those of rat intestine than dog intestine or Caco-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshigae
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsukane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otagiri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013045:Species Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D009596:Nitrophenols; D011355:Prodrugs; C008642:4-nitrophenyl acetate; D011433:Propranolol; D006867:Hydrolases; C024836:4-nitrophenol