title: The effect of etomidate induction on plasma cortisol levels in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a single induction dose of etomidate on plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive etomidate, 0.3 mg/kg, and fentanyl, 1 microg/kg, or ketamine, 1 mg/kg, and fentanyl, 1 microg/kg intravenously, for anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with 50% nitrous oxide and 0.5% isoflurane in oxygen. Plasma cortisol and ACTH levels were measured on five occasions: preoperatively, after induction of anesthesia, after cross-clamping, at the end of surgery, and 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma cortisol levels of the etomidate group decreased with anesthesia induction and remained significantly low during cardiopulmonary bypass, at the end of operation, and 24 hours postoperatively. Plasma cortisol levels of the etomidate group after the anesthesia induction, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and at the end of the operation were significantly lower than the ketamine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that etomidate is a suitable agent for suppressing the increase in cortisol levels associated with the stress response caused by cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart defects, and can be used safely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, University of Başkent, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dönmez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haberal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutsal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D005045:Etomidate