title: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Molecular characterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the molecular defects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Chinese patients, including 8 with salt-wasting (SW) type CAH, 11 with simple virilizing (SV) type CAH and 1 with nonclassical (NC) type CAH, were recruited. Two rounds of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to study the 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21). The primary PCR amplified CYP21-specific DNA fragments, and the secondary PCR used products from the primary PCR for analysis of amplification-created restriction sites (ACRS) and direct DNA sequencing. In all patients, ACRS analysis was done at 12 possible mutation sites, and then direct DNA sequencing was performed to confirm or define the molecular defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten different mutations, including nine point mutations and gross gene deletion or conversion, were found in this study. Of the nine point mutations, eight could be easily detected by ACRS analysis. The three most common mutations were codon (CD)172 t-->a (I172N), IVS-II 656 c/a-->g, and gross gene deletion or conversion, accounting for 27.5% (11/40 alleles), 25% (10/40) and 20% (8/40) of all identified mutations, respectively. All SW patients were compound heterozygotes of IVS-II 656, gross gene deletion or conversion, or other severe defects, including CDs236 (t-->a) (I236N)+ 237 (t-->a) (V237E)+ 239 (t-->a) (M239K), CD306 (+t), CD318 (c-->t) (Q318X) and CD356 (c-->t) (R356W) mutations. All SV patients had one allele with a CD172 (I172N) mutation. One allele of an NC patient had a CD183 (c-->g) (D183E) mutation, and the other allele was not defined. In the whole series, four alleles (10%) had more than one mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found 10 different mutations in this study. The correlation between genotypes and phenotypes was compatible with the reported data. Two rounds of PCR and ACRS analysis may provide important information for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and management of families at risk for CAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China. tmk@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hwa
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase