title: In-vitro activity of 21 beta-lactam antibiotics against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: MICs of 21 beta-lactams were determined by agar dilution against 283 penicillin-susceptible (pen-S), 122 intermediate (pen-I) and 23 fully penicillin-resistant (pen-R) pneumococci. MICs of all beta-lactams increased with increasing MICs of penicillin. Clometocillin was the most active penicillin against pen-I or pen-R pneumococci. All oral cephalosporins except cefuroxime and cefpodoxime were less active than penicillin and none was satisfactory against pen-I or pen-R pneumococci. The parenteral third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (except ceftazidime) were similar in activity to penicillin against pen-S isolates. Cefpirome showed the lowest mean MICs against pen-I and pen-R strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhaegen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verbist
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D002433:Cefaclor / Q000494:pharmacology; D002434:Cefadroxil / Q000494:pharmacology; D002436:Cefatrizine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077723:Cefepime; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077722:Ceftibuten; D015296:Ceftizoxime / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002515:Cephradine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D012703:Serotyping; D013045:Species Specificity; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097572:Cefpirome; D000097623:Cefpodoxime
chemical_list: D000658:Amoxicillin; D000667:Ampicillin; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D002433:Cefaclor; D002434:Cefadroxil; D002436:Cefatrizine; D000077723:Cefepime; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime; D002442:Ceftazidime; D000077722:Ceftibuten; D015296:Ceftizoxime; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D002444:Cefuroxime; D002511:Cephalosporins; D002515:Cephradine; D010406:Penicillins; D010878:Piperacillin; D047090:beta-Lactams; D000097572:Cefpirome; D000097623:Cefpodoxime; C047444:cefetamet