title: Outcomes analysis in 100 liver transplantation patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increasing demand for outcomes analysis, including quality of life and financial analysis, following medical interventions and surgical procedures. We analyzed outcomes for 100 consecutive patients undergoing liver transplantation during a period of case management revision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier actuarial methods. The Karnofsky performance status was objectively assessed for surviving patients up to 6 years after transplantation and was evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance and covariance. Subjective evaluation of quality of life over time was obtained using the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. The correlations between time and scale were calculated. Financial data were accumulated from billing records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3- through 5-year survival was 86%, 84%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Karnofsky performance status confirmed poor functional status preoperatively with a mean of 53 +/- 2, but significantly improving to 72 +/- 2 at 3 months, 80 +/- 2 at 6 months, 90 +/- 1 at 1 year, 92 +/- 1 at 2 years, 94 +/- 1 at 3 years, 96 +/- 1 at 4 years, and 97 +/- 1 at 5 years (P <0.001). Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale scores demonstrated significant improvement following transplantation overall (r = -0.33), improving most in sexual relationships (r = -0.41), and domestic environment (r = -0.35; P <0.001). Median length of stay for the first half of the patients was 19 days declining to 11 days for the second half. Median hospital charges declined from $105,000 to $90,000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of life parameters assessed both by care givers (Karnofsky) and by patients (Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale) improved dramatically following transplantation and over time, demonstrating that liver transplantation effectively restores a good quality of life. Outcomes can be improved while reducing length of stay and charges through modifications in case management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-4753, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Geevarghese
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feurer
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pinson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011593:Psychology, Social; D011788:Quality of Life; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors