title: Characterization and comparison of local onset and remote propagated electrographic seizures recorded with intracranial electrodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compared the ictal discharge patterns between local onset and remote propagated electrographic seizures recorded with chronic intracranial electrodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electrophysiological data from 88 consecutive patients who underwent chronic intracranial EEG monitoring were retrospectively reviewed. The early and late discharge patterns of electrographic seizures at local onset and distant propagated sites were determined by blinded visual inspection and computerized analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four early and three late electrographic seizure patterns were observed at the local onset sites. The four early patterns consisted of a rhythmic discharge in the beta range ("beta buzz"), rhythmic alpha-theta activity, rhythmic sharp waves in the delta range, and an irregular spike discharge. The three distinct late-discharge patterns consisted of a late beta buzz, rhythmic sharp theta activity, and a rhythmic polyspike and wave discharge. At remote propagated sites, electrographic seizures could be divided into two different types according to their early discharge pattern. The first was unique to remote propagated electrographic seizures and consisted of a rhythmic theta-delta activity correlated with the concurrent activity at the local-onset site. The second remote initiation type consisted of patterns indistinguishable from the earlier discharge patterns recorded at the local onset site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The initial ictal discharge pattern recorded with intracranial electrodes can assist in differentiating local onset and remote propagated electrographic seizures, with rhythmic round theta-delta activity being unique to distant propagated sites. Nevertheless, the initial discharge of a subclass of remote propagated electrographic seizures consists of an independent pattern indistinguishable from that observed at local onset sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Cascino
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Busacker
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sharbrough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001611:Beta Rhythm; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013826:Theta Rhythm