title: Expression of KAI1 in paraffin-embedded normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate and prostate carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: Expression of KAI1, a tumor metastasis suppressor gene, was studied with different fixatives in frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of human and rat prostate carcinoma cell lines and human prostate lesions by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity of the membrane antigen in cell lines was associated with known expression levels in these lines and the fixative used. Formalin and paraformaldehyde helped maintain the immunoreactivity of cells. In human prostate, frozen sections revealed diffuse reactivity of the antigen in normal and neoplastic tissues while paraffin-embedded tissues usually showed focal reactivity, although more than 50% of cases with normal epithelium and adenocarcinomas were reactive. In some cases, pretreatment with trypsin enhanced immunoreactivity. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) showed the most intense diffuse immunoreactivity, which suggested enhanced expression. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) also often expressed high levels of KAI1. Three of five metastases were reactive but two primaries and their metastases were not. Lymphocytes in primary carcinomas and lymphocytes and germinal center cells in lymph nodes were immunoreactive, while adjacent primary or metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma epithelium was not immunoreactive. Although paraffin-embedded human tissues were not optimal for determining levels of expression of KAI1, they did show immunoreactivity that could have prognostic value and showed the specific cytoplasmic localization of the protein in cells.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA. ward@mail.ncifcrf.gov
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jorcyk
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C497688:CD82 protein, human; C497690:Cd82 protein, rat; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D007633:Keratins