title: Conscious awareness during general anaesthesia: patients' perceptions, emotions, cognition and reactions.
abstract: We interviewed 45 patients, who answered advertisements (n = 21) or were referred by colleagues (n = 24), about their experience of intraoperative awareness using a standardized questionnaire. Auditory perceptions, hearing sounds or voices were mentioned by all patients (45 of 45): 33 of 45 patients understood and recalled conversations; 21 of 45 patients had visual perceptions; 12 of 21 recognized things or faces; 29 of 45 patients felt being touched; three patients had the sensation of moderate pain; and eight patients were in severe pain. Patients' feelings were mostly related to paralysis (27 of 45), helplessness (28 of 45), anxiety and fear (22 of 45); 18 were in severe panic. All patients (45 of 45) recognized the situation as a real event: 22 of 45 patients experienced unpleasant after effects; 11 suffered from anxiety and nightmares; and three developed post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome and required medical treatment. Twenty of 45 patients were especially attentive to emotionally relevant remarks on their own person, their disease and the course of their operation. The accuracy of sensory perception indicates a very high level of cognitive performance of patients during intraoperative awareness.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anaesthesiology, University of Munich, FRG.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwender
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunze-Kronawitter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klasing
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000523:psychology; D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018681:Anesthetics, General