title: Effect on normal vaginal flora of three intravaginal microbicidal agents potentially active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: The effect on normal vaginal flora of three intravaginal microbicides potentially active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was examined. Volunteers received dextrin sulfate (D2S), nonoxynol-9 (N-9), or docusate sodium in separate placebo-controlled studies. High vaginal swabs were obtained for bacterial culture before and after microbicide application. D2S did not affect the vaginal flora. However, lactobacilli decreased by > or = 10(2) cfu/mL in 9 (56%) of 16 women given N-9 and in 5 (63%) of 8 women given docusate sodium. Women using N-9 were also significantly more likely to become colonized abnormally (usually with aerobic gram-negative rods) than were those using placebo, as were women using docusate sodium. Women with reduced lactobacilli were less likely to regain normal flora than were those whose lactobacilli were unaffected. However, coliform colonization occurred whether lactobacilli produced H2O2 or not. Continuous use of N-9 could induce susceptibility to urinary and gynecological infection. It is essential that potential microbicides are examined for activity against normal vaginal flora.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases (Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories), Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, United Kingdom. ijr30@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Rosenstein
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kitchen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D003912:Dextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003912:Dextrins; D010919:Placebos; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid; C091377:dextrin 2-sulfate; D017137:Nonoxynol