title: [Special infant formulas].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast feeding is the optimal mode of feeding for the normal fullterm infant. Formulas prepared to substitute total or partially human milk were available by the end of the last century. The composition of infant formulas has evolved greatly, because of the advance of scientific researches, and a large array of formulas for particular circumstances is actually available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to revise, compare and discuss the special manufactured formulas commercially available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Record of the data from the manufacturer's advise leaflet or formulary for each product, and the information provided by each manufacturer after being contacted with them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Today there is an ample offer of specific formulas in the market. We present the composition of each specific formulas grouped as: Formulas for premature, modified formulas in its basic constituents and formulas with addition of thickeners. The general characteristics of each group are described, as well as indications and possible risks of their use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the characteristics of specific formulas is crucial for a correct prescription and choice of the most suitable one for each individual case.
authors.affiliation: Sección Gastroenterología, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamayo López
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sáenz de Urturi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hernández Sáez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedrón Giner
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: García Novo
mesh_terms: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins
vernacular_title: Fórmulas infantiles especiales.