title: Medetomidine-midazolam sedation in sheep.
abstract: Seven sheep were sedated 3 times: with medetomidine (15 micrograms kg-1), with midazolam (0.1 mg kg-1) and with a combination of the drugs. All drugs were administered intravenously. Heart and respiratory rates were measured. Arterial blood samples were collected, and PaO2, PaCO2, pH, haemoglobin concentration and saturation, and base excess were determined. Systolic and mean arterial pressures were recorded before and after the treatment with medetomidine-midazolam. Midazolam increased the time of recumbency induced by medetomidine. After administration of midazolam alone, 4 of the 7 sheep were sedated and the other 3 were excited. Heart rate decreased after both medetomidine and medetomidine-midazolam. One sheep suffered a cardiac arrest after medetomidine-midazolam injection, and it required resuscitation. PaO2 and haemoglobin oxygen saturation decreased after medetomidine, and medetomidine-midazolam caused a marked hypoxaemia. PaCO2 increased after medetomidine, both alone and combined with midazolam, but arterial pH was within the reference values after all drug administrations. Systolic and mean arterial pressures decreased after medetomidine-midazolam. This study indicates that though in sheep midazolam potentiates the sedative effect of medetomidine, the combination of medetomidine and midazolam also reduces the in PaO2 and haemoglobin oxygen saturation more than medetomidine alone. The results indicate that a medetomidine-midazolam combination is unsafe for sheep at the doses studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. Marja.Raekallio@Helsinki.Fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raekallio
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tulamo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Valtamo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012151:Resuscitation; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen