title: Aortic valve operations under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for the porcelain aorta: "no-touch" technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic valve replacement or repair becomes a high-risk procedure in patients in whom the ascending aorta cannot be clamped either because of extensive calcification and risk of cerebral embolus or because of extensive adhesions precluding safe dissection and clamping.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the results of aortic valve replacement or repair with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in 3 patients. Techniques to improve results include routine use of epiaortic and transesophageal echocardiography, avoidance of manipulation of the ascending aorta until the circulation is arrested, avoidance of antegrade cardioplegia, routine use of retrograde cardioplegia and retrograde cerebral perfusion, when feasible, and minimal aortotomy (just enough to excise and replace or repair the valve).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operations were accomplished in approximately 1 hour each with minimal manipulation of the aorta, thus minimizing aortic trauma and subsequent risk of cerebral embolus. Each patient had an unremarkable recovery without neurologic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic valve replacement or repair using the "no-touch" technique and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is the preferred method when dealing with the porcelain or unclampable aorta.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aranki
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000601:surgery; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003250:Constriction; D004210:Dissection; D004452:Echocardiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000601:surgery