title: Optic neuropathy associated with sleep apnea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to determine ocular abnormalities in sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), an entity characterized by repetitive upper airway obstructions during sleep, inducing hypoxia and sleep disruption with the risk of cardiovascular and neurologic sequelae.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients referred for evaluation of suspected SAS participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete ophthalmologic examination, including computerized perimetry, was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations between the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) during night sleep, a value used to diagnose and to grade SAS, and visual field indices using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r(s)) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient was excluded from the statistical analysis because of optic nerve drusen with constricted visual fields, another because of tilted discs with corresponding temporal visual field defects. All three patients with severe SAS and one patient with moderate SAS had relative nasal arcuate visual field defects; two patients with severe SAS also had paracentral relative defects. One patient with normal polysomnographic result and two patients with mild or moderate SAS had normal visual fields. The RDI correlated positively with the mean visual field defect (r(s) = 0.81, P < 0.05) and with the visual field loss variance (r(s) = 0.78, P < 0.05). The clinical ophthalmologic examination results were normal in all seven patients. In two of the three patients with severe SAS treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), visual field defects remained stable over 18 months. The patient with optic nerve drusen also had severe SAS and was, therefore, treated with CPAP. His constricted visual fields improved dramatically after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual fields of patients with SAS showed defects consistent with an optic neuropathy. The CPAP therapy seems to stabilize or even reverse visual field defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mojon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zulauf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koerner
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields