title: Lipoprotein changes and reduction in the incidence of major coronary heart disease events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) randomized 4444 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and serum cholesterol 5.5 to 8.0 mmol/L (213 to 310 mg/dL) with triglycerides < or =2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) to simvastatin 20 to 40 mg or placebo once daily. Over the median follow-up period of 5.4 years, one or more major coronary events (MCEs) occurred in 622 (28%) of the 2223 patients in the placebo group and 431 (19%) of the 2221 patients in the simvastatin group (34% risk reduction, P<.00001). Simvastatin produced substantial changes in several lipoprotein components, which we have attempted to relate to the beneficial effects observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship between lipid values (baseline, year 1, and percent change from baseline at year 1) and MCEs. The reduction in MCEs within the simvastatin group was highly correlated with on-treatment levels and changes from baseline in total and LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and less so with HDL cholesterol, but there was no clear relationship with triglycerides. We estimate that each additional 1% reduction in LDL cholesterol reduces MCE risk by 1.7% (95% CI, 1.0% to 2.4%; P<.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These analyses suggest that the beneficial effect of simvastatin in individual patients in 4S was determined mainly by the magnitude of the change in LDL cholesterol, and they are consistent with current guidelines that emphasize aggressive reduction of this lipid in CHD patients.
authors.affiliation: Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faergeman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjekshus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilhelmsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haghfelt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pyörälä
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christophersen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tobert
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Musliner
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D019821:Simvastatin