title: The effect of epidural injection of betamethasone or bupivacaine in a rat model of lumbar radiculopathy.
abstract: METHODS
  The effect of epidural injection of betamethasone or bupivacaine was investigated in an animal model of lumbar radiculopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of an epidural steroid (betamethasone) or a local anesthetic (bupivacaine) in an animal model of radiculopathy produced by nerve root irritation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Epidural injections are commonly used for the treatment of low back pain and sciatica. However, efficacy remains controversial, and there is a paucity of basic information to support clinical use or the injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one rats were used. The left L4 and L5 nerve roots were loosely ligated with chromic gut, and either betamethasone, bupivacaine, betamethasone in combination with bupivacaine, or saline was injected using an epidurally placed catheter. The effects of epidural injection were evaluated using response to noxious stimuli and immunohistochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In betamethasone-treated rats (either alone or in combination with bupivacaine), thermal hyperalgesia was significantly less (P < 0.010 after surgery than that in saline- or bupivacaine-treated groups, in which the hyperalgesia was maximum at 2-3 postoperative weeks before resolving 5 weeks after surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis did not correlate with these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural steroid injection has a significant effect on the thermal hyperalgesia produced in a model of radiculopathy, which may provide clinical support for advocates of epidural steroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Spratt
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gebhart
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D013373:Substance P; D001623:Betamethasone; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D002045:Bupivacaine