title: Hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition before and after cardiac arrest in infant piglets.
abstract: Using infant piglets, we studied the effects of nonspecific inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 3 mg/kg) on vascular pressures, regional blood flow, and cerebral metabolism before 8 min of cardiac arrest, during 6 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and at 10 and 60 min of reperfusion. We tested the hypotheses that nonspecific NO synthase inhibition 1) will attenuate early postreperfusion hyperemia while still allowing for successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest, 2) will allow for normalization of blood flow to the kidneys and intestines after cardiac arrest, and 3) will maintain cerebral metabolism in the face of altered cerebral blood flow after reperfusion. Before cardiac arrest, L-NAME increased vascular pressures and cardiac output and decreased blood flow to brain (by 18%), heart (by 36%), kidney (by 46%), and intestine (by 52%) compared with placebo. During CPR, myocardial flow was maintained in all groups to successfully resuscitate 24 of 28 animals [P value not significant (NS)]. Significantly, L-NAME attenuated postresuscitation hyperemia in cerebellum, diencephalon, anterior cerebral, and anterior-middle watershed cortical brain regions and to the heart. Likewise, cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGluc) and of lactate production (CMRLac) were not elevated at 10 min of reperfusion. These cerebral blood flow and metabolic effects were reversed by L-arginine. Flows returned to baseline levels by 60 min of reperfusion. Kidney and intestinal flow, however, remained depressed throughout reperfusion in all three groups. Thus nonspecific inhibition of NO synthase did not adversely affect the rate of resuscitation from cardiac arrest while attenuating cerebral and myocardial hyperemia. Even though CMRGluc and CMRLac early after resuscitation were decreased, they were maintained at baseline levels. This may be clinically advantageous in protecting the brain and heart from the damaging effects of hyperemia, such as blood-brain barrier disruption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schleien
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kuluz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D005947:Glucose; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester