Metabolism and anti-HIV activity of phosphoramidate derivatives of D4T-MP with variations in the amino acid moiety.
The metabolism of different phosphoramidate prodrugs of d4T-MP, in which the phosphate group is linked to a phenyl group and the alkyl ester of an amino acid was studied in crude CEM cell extracts. Significant (80-100%) conversion to the amino acyl d4T-MP metabolite was obtained with derivatives containing L-alanine or methyl-L-aspartic acid. A lower degree of conversion was seen with derivatives containing L-phenylalanine, L-methionine, methyl-L-glutamic acid or L-leucine. Derivatives containing D-alanine, beta-alanine, glycine, L-valine or L-lactate showed no conversion to the amino acyl d4T-MP metabolite. Overall, there was a close correlation between the anti-HIV activity of these prodrugs and their conversion rate to the amino acyl d4T-MP metabolite. Our data suggest that the enzymes involved in the formation of the amino acyl d4T-MP metabolite have a rather stringent specificity for L-alanine as the amino acid moiety. In addition, these enzymes were found to be markedly species-dependent, their activities being highest in mouse serum, followed by guinea pig serum, but only minimal in human serum. Mouse serum therefore appears to be the medium of choice to isolate and identify the enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of these phosphoramidate prodrugs.
Naesens
L
L
Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Cahard
D
D
Salgado
A
A
Bidois
L
L
De Clercq
E
E
McGuigan
C
C
Balzarini
J
J
D000596:Amino Acids; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018119:Stavudine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000172:deficiency
C113124:2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine monophosphate; D000596:Amino Acids; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011355:Prodrugs; D018119:Stavudine; D013937:Thymidine Kinase