title: Dysprosody after severe closed head injury: an acoustic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurological speech disorders (dysarthria and dysprosody) are known to be frequent sequelae after severe closed head injury. These disorders may dramatically alter communicative intent and accentuate social isolation. The aim was to provide an instrumental evaluation for prosodic production in a group of patients with severe closed head injury and to determine the correlations between prosodic production and neurobehavioural status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients, at the subacute stage after severe closed head injury, were studied and compared with 11 controls, matched for age, sex, and duration of education. Each subject was required to read aloud a French sentence "Je m'en vais samedi matin" (I am leaving saturday morning) under six different prosodic intonations (neutral, affirmation, interrogation, happiness, sadness, anger). The recorded sentences were analysed using a sound signal analysis software (Signalyse) allowing the measurement of signal intensity and fundamental frequency. Statistical analyses were carried out using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with closed head injury were significantly less able than controls to modulate speech output (pitch and intensity) according to prosodic context. This deficit was particularly pronounced for the intonation feature of anger, question, and statement. No consistent correlations could be found between prosodic production and cognitive or behavioural data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acoustic analysis of pitch and intensity may show impairments of prosodic production after severe closed head injury, which may be useful in rehabilitation planning. This impairment does not seem to reflect the eventual cognitive and behavioural deficits of the patients, but rather a specific disorder of modulation of speech output.
authors.affiliation: Service de Rééducation Neurologique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP), Université Paris V, Garches, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louis-Dreyfus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Couillet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roubeau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakchine
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bussel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azouvi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000379:methods; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology