title: Are there risk factors for hepatitis B infection in inner-city adolescents that justify prevaccination screening?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine if homelessness could serve as a marker for previous hepatitis B infection (HBI), and thus justify prevaccination screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sexually active 13-21-year-olds (mean = 17 years), 74% female, attending an inner-city hospital-based adolescent clinic (HOSP), and 48 sexually active 13-21-year-olds (mean = 19 years), 40% female, attending a clinic based at an urban drop-in center (UDC) for street youth were consecutively enrolled, screened for HBI serum markers and administered a structured interview about sexual practices, sexual abuse, prior sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and injection drug use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the HOSP group, 7% were homeless and 4% were HBI positive. In the UDC group, 96% were homeless and 23% were HBI positive. Homelessness was significantly associated with HBI (p < 0.001), and this was corroborated by logistic regression analysis (p < 0.01). Other factors significantly associated with HBI in adolescents included a history of anal sex (p < or = 0.002), anal-receptive sex (p < or = 0.01), genital Chlamydia (p < or = 0.03), prostitution (p < or = 0.03), and sexual abuse (p < or = 0.002). For both populations, gender, sexual orientation, intravenous drug use, and genital sex were not related to HBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that homelessness and associated high-risk sexual practices may be indications for prevaccination screening for HBI in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spigland
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Coupey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D018453:Homeless Youth; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases; D014505:Urban Population; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines