title: Surgical treatment of diaphragmatic eventration caused by phrenic nerve injury in the newborn.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phrenic nerve palsy in infants and young children usually results from birth injury or iatrogenic damage. The newborn almost invariably presents with severe respiratory distress, diaphragmatic elevation, and paradoxical movement at the affected side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this retrospective analysis a group of 23 patients below the age of 1 year with an obstetric or postoperative phrenic nerve injury was studied and compared with cases in the literature. All patients were admitted between 1986 and 1997 to the Pediatric Surgical Center, Amsterdam. Thirteen of 18 patients with an obstetric phrenic nerve injury underwent plication of the diaphragm after an average observation period of 100 days. In the remaining five children with an obstetric phrenic nerve injury, spontaneous recovery appeared within 1 month. Only one of five patients with a phrenic nerve palsy after a cardiac surgical procedure underwent plication of the diaphragm. Fifteen of the 34 patients described in the literature underwent plication of the diaphragm after an average of 54 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If after 1 month no spontaneous recovery of the diaphragmatic paralysis caused by a phrenic nerve injury occurs, plication of the diaphragm is indicated. This operation proved to be successful for relief of symptomatic phrenic nerve injury in all cases. If the condition of the patient clinically deteriorates during this first month of life, the patient should be operated on immediately.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Koens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vos
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003965:Diaphragmatic Eventration / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome