title: Novel bioactivities of Curcuma longa constituents.
abstract: Bioassay-directed fractionation of ethyl acetate extract from Curcuma longa Linn. rhizomes yielded three curcuminoids, which displayed topoisomerase I and II enzyme inhibition activity. Curcumin III (3) was the most active curcuminoid, inhibiting topoisomerase at 25 micrograms mL-1. Curcumin I (1) and curcumin II (2) inhibited the topoisomerases at 50 micrograms mL-1. Fractionation of the volatile oil from the rhizomes afforded ar-turmerone (4), which displayed mosquitocidal activity with an LD100 of 50 micrograms mL-1 on Aedes aegyptii larvae. Bioassay-directed fractionation of hexane extract from the turmeric leaves yielded labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16 dial (5) with antifungal activity against Candida albicans at 1 micrograms mL-1 and inhibited the growth of Candida kruseii and Candida parapsilosis at 25 micrograms mL-1. In addition, 5 displayed 100% mosquitocidal activity on A. aegyptii larvae at 10 micrograms mL-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823, USA.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors