title: The effect of antilymphocyte induction therapy on renal allograft survival. A meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Anti-Lymphocyte Antibody Induction Therapy Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Randomized, controlled trials have not shown that the perioperative use of antilymphocyte antibodies (induction therapy) improves survival of cadaveric kidney allografts. This study combined individual patient-level data from published trials to examine the effect of induction therapy on allograft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trials identified from MEDLINE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published trials that compared adult recipients of cadaveric renal allografts who did and did not receive antilymphocyte antibodies in the perioperative period were selected if individual patient-level data were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual patient-level data were collected for each of 628 study patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the effect of induction therapy on allograft survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted rate ratio for allograft failure with induction therapy compared with conventional therapy was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.90) (P = 0.012) over 2 years and 0.82 (CI, 0.62 to 1.09) (P = 0.17) over 5 years. The effect of induction therapy on allograft survival diminished over time; no benefit overall was seen after 2 years after transplantation (rate ratio, 1.13 [CI, 0.72 to 1.78]) (P > 0.2). Greater HLA-DR mismatch, delayed allograft function, diabetes mellitus in the recipient, African-American ethnicity of the recipient, and presensitization (panel-reactive antibody levels > or = 20%) were significantly associated with allograft failure at 5 years. Among high-risk patients, only those who were presensitized benefited from induction therapy at 2 years (rate ratio, 0.12 [CI, 0.03 to 0.44]) (P = 0.001). Results were similar at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using individual-level data, this study showed a benefit of induction therapy at 2 years, particularly among presensitized patients. Although the benefit of this therapy subsequently waned, presensitized patients continued to have benefit at 5 years.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Szczech
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents