title: Effects of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial substrate utilization early after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on systemic and coronary haemodynamics and myocardial substrate utilization of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, after coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three low-risk patients were included in this randomized and double-blind study. They received placebo (n = 8), 8 (n = 8) or 24 (n = 7) micrograms.kg-1 of levosimendan after coronary artery bypass operation. Systemic and coronary sinus haemodynamics with thermodilution and myocardial substrate utilization were measured. The heart rate increased 11 beats.min-1 after the higher dose (P < 0.05). Cardiac output increased by 0.7 and 1.61.min-1 (P < 0.05 for both) after 8 and 24 micrograms.kg-1 of levosimendan, respectively. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly after both doses. Coronary sinus blood flow increased by 28 and 42 ml/(P = 0.054 for the combined effect) after the lower and higher dose, respectively. Myocardial oxygen consumption or substrate extractions did not change statistically significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite improved cardiac performance, levosimendan did not increase myocardial oxygen consumption or change myocardial substrate utilization. Thus levosimendan has the potential to treat low cardiac output states after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lilleberg
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akkila
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuitunen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verkkala
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmenperä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077464:Simendan; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan