title: The efficacy of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) and vinblastine combined with interferon in nude mice xenografts of human renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Recent in vitro experiments indicated strong activity of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, gemcitabine) in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and an increase of efficacy by combined application of interferon (IFN). In the present study, nude mice with xenografts from ACHN- or SN12C cells were treated by dFdC, dFdC plus IFN-alpha or vinblastine (VBL) plus IFN-alpha. ACHN-xenografts were significantly more inhibited by dFdC+/-IFN-alpha than by VBL+IFN-alpha. Complete remissions (CR) were only seen by dFdC. An additional treatment with IFN-alpha shortened the time to commencement of tumor remission and increased CR of ACHN- and SN12C-tumors (40%; 7%) compared to a treatment with dFdC alone (20%; 0). dFdC+IFN-alpha reduced the number of pulmonary metastases compared to untreated animals. Survival was significantly prolonged by dFdC+/-IFN-alpha in ACHN-mice and dFdC+IFN-alpha or VBL+IFN-alpha in SN12C mice. In conclusion, experimental data confirm dFdC as a superior drug against human RCC compared to VBL. Combined therapy with IFN-alpha increased the efficacy of dFdC in terms of tumor response in immunodeficient nude mice, thus clinical studies are strongly recommended in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Aachen, D-52057 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goertz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blatter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jakse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D014747:Vinblastine; D007372:Interferons; D000093542:Gemcitabine