Circulating cytomegalic endothelial cells are associated with high human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) load in AIDS patients with late-stage disseminated HCMV disease.
The prevalence of circulating cytomegalic endothelial cells, detected currently by the pp65-antigenemia assay and described previously in blood of transplanted and AIDS patients with disseminated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, was found to be 2.9% in the AIDS population and 6.5% in the fraction of the AIDS population with HCMV in blood. Cytomegalic endothelial cells increased to 39.7% and 48.4%, respectively, in AIDS patients with very high levels of antigenemia and viremia, while an end organ disease reached an incidence of 76.4%. Positive and negative predictive values of cytomegalic endothelial cell detection for diagnosis of HCMV end organ disease were 73.1% and 21.4% with antigenemia levels > 1,000, respectively. On the other hand, in a selected group of 38 cytomegalic endothelial cell-positive AIDS patients with < 50 CD4+ T cells/microliter and late-stage HCMV disease, who were followed-up for variable periods of time, the prevalence of high level antigenemia was 95.3%, that of viremia 86.0% and that of L-DNAemia 92.7%, while the incidence of HCMV end organ disease was 84.2%. In this population, it was shown that cytomegalic endothelial cell presence was associated with lack of (56.0% of episodes) or insufficient (4.0%) anti-HCMV treatment or emergence of HCMV drug-resistant strains (17.3%) or short-term response to antiviral treatment (22.7%); was determined in the same patient by different conditions during follow-up. Longitudinal observations indicated that cytomegalic endothelial cells were detected often in blood at least 3 months later than end organ disease suggesting that the duration of end organ disease was a cofactor associated with the appearance of cytomegalic endothelial cells.
Gerna
G
G
Viral Diagnostic Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Zavattoni
M
M
Baldanti
F
F
Furione
M
M
Chezzi
L
L
Revello
M G
MG
Percivalle
E
E
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000821:virology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007181:Inclusion Bodies, Viral; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology