title: Effect of peroxide bleaches on fluoride release of dental materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of two bleaching agents, 35% hydrogen peroxide (Superoxal) and 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence), on the release of fluoride from Ketac-Fil, a glass ionomer cement, Photac-Fil, a glass ionomer/resin hybrid; and Tetric, a resin composite with fluoride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven disks (9 x 3 mm) of each material were immersed in Superoxal for 1 hour to simulate an in-office application; seven other disks of each material were immersed in Opalescence 1 hour daily for 7 days to simulate a week of home bleaching regimen; and seven additional disks of each material without bleach served as a control. The disks were kept in deionized water and the water was tested for fluoride released every 24 hours for 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the mean daily release of fluoride did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the bleaching agents or the control: Superoxal 6.17 ppm, Opalescence 6.45 ppm, and control 6.50 ppm. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) occurred for mean daily fluoride (+/- standard error) released from the three materials over the 35-day period: Photac-Fil 12.31 +/- 0.48 ppm > Ketac-Fil 7.07 +/- 0.66 ppm > Tetric 0.12 +/- 0.01 ppm, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, VCU/MCV School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Robertello
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Meares
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gunsolley
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Baughan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008298:Maleates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008298:Maleates; D010545:Peroxides; C081144:Photac-Fil; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C090969:Tetric; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; C040964:Ketac-Fil; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005459:Fluorides