title: Respiratory complications after coronary artery bypass surgery with unilateral or bilateral internal mammary artery grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use of bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts during coronary artery revascularization procedures carries the potential for increased incidence of postoperative respiratory complications compared with use of unilateral IMA grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of respiratory complications such as hypoxemia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, and diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients who received one or both IMAs as conduit grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical ICU at a tertiary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five patients with bilateral and 75 patients with unilateral IMA grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial postoperative PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen measurements, radiographic scores of atelectasis and pleural effusion, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and incidence of pneumothorax, pneumonia, and wound infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher incidence (51% vs 25%; p=0.002) and severity (0.48+/-0.09 vs 0.15+/-0.05 on the first postoperative day, 0.39+/-0.07 vs 0.27+/-0.07 on the fourth postoperative day, mean+/-SEM; p=0.004) of postoperative right lower lobe atelectasis in the group who received bilateral IMA grafts than in those who received left IMA grafts. This finding probably reflects the effects of additional surgical intervention on the right side of the chest. Incidence and severity of pleural effusion, gas exchange impairment, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, and incidence of pneumothorax, pneumonia, and wound infection were not influenced by use of bilateral IMA grafts (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that use of bilateral IMA grafts during coronary artery revascularization does not increase the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications compared with unilateral IMA grafting.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daganou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimopoulou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michalopoulos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karakatsani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geroulanos
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Tzelepis
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*