title: Functional retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors in human thyroid-carcinoma cell lines and tissues.
abstract: Thyroid carcinomas no longer accessible to radio-iodide or TSH-suppressive T4 therapy, due to loss of thyroid-specific functions, might be sufficiently re-differentiated by retinoic acid (RA) to be treated by conventional methods again. To help evaluate the feasibility of RA re-differentiation therapy in thyroid carcinomas, we examined the functionality of RA receptors (RARs/RXRs), central RA signal mediators, in human thyroid-carcinoma cell lines as model systems. [3H]-RA binding assays with nuclear extracts from follicular thyroid-carcinoma cell lines FTC-133 and -238 revealed high-affinity binding sites for RA. Electrophoretic mobility shift and super-shift assays using a DR2 ("direct repeat" 2) RA response element demonstrated DNA-binding of RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha and RXRbeta in nuclear extracts of FTC-133 and anaplastic HTh74 cells. Use of a DR5 RA response element revealed no difference in DNA binding. In supershift assays with a DR4 T3 response element, we found DNA-binding by TRalpha1, TRalpha2, and TRbeta. Northern-blot analysis showed low expression of RXRbeta mRNA in FTC-133 and of TRalpha1 mRNA in FTC-133 and FTC-238 cells. Using RT-PCR, we detected mRNA for RARalpha, RARbeta, RARgamma, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta in the 4 cell lines and in human thyroid-carcinoma samples. RARbeta mRNA was reduced in FTC-238 cells and RXRbeta mRNA was decreased in anaplastic C643 cells and 9 of 12 tumor samples. Differential RA regulation of RA-receptor-mRNA expression was observed in the various cell lines. Thus, RA and T3 nuclear receptors are present in thyroid-carcinoma cell lines or tissues, albeit with cell-line and tumor-dependent variations; in the cell lines, they were shown to be functional with respect to DNA and/or ligand binding.
authors.affiliation: Klinische Forschergruppe, Medizinische Poliklinik, Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: schmutzler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brtko
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winzer
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meissner-Weigl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Goretzki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Köhrle
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014212:Tretinoin