title: Xanthomonas maltophilia: an emerging pathogen in patients with HIV disease.
abstract: Fifty-four episodes of Xanthomonas maltophilia infection were observed in 52 HIV-infected patients out of 2062 assessed (2.52%) over a 6-year period: sepsis/bacteraemia in 44 cases, lower airways infection in 5 cases, urinary tract infection and pharyngitis in 2 cases each, and lymph node involvement in one patient. X. maltophilia represented the fourth most common non-mycobacterial bacterial pathogen responsible for bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients: 44 cases out of 721 diagnosed (6.1%). When compared with non-typhoid Salmonella spp. bacteraemia, an increased risk to develop X. maltophilia disseminated infection was seen according to the progression of HIV-related immunodeficiency, the occurrence of leukopenia-neutropenia, central venous catheterization, previous antibiotic and/or corticosteroid treatment, and hospitalization. In 3 patients suffering from concurrent AIDS-related disorders, X. maltophilia infection contributed to death, while a recurrence occurred in 2 cases only. Due to the poor antimicrobial susceptibility of this pathogen (also confirmed in our series), X. maltophilia bacteraemia associated with advanced HIV infection and concurrent risk factors, may represent a potentially severe disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiodo
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014974:Xanthomonas
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents