title: Essential iris atrophy, pigment dispersion, and glaucoma in DBA/2J mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize ocular abnormalities associated with iris atrophy in DBA/2J mice and to determine whether mice of this strain develop elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different approaches, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopic examination, ultrasound backscatter microscopy, and histology were used to examine the eyes of DBA/2J mice ranging from 2 to 30 months old. IOP was measured in DBA/2J mice of different ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DBA/2J mice were found to develop pigment dispersion, iris transillumination, iris atrophy, anterior synechias, and elevated IOP. IOP was elevated in most mice by the age of 9 months. These changes were followed by the death of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve atrophy, and optic nerve cupping. The prevalence and severity of these lesions increased with age. Optic nerve atrophy and optic nerve cupping was present in the majority of mice by the age of 22 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DBA/2J mice develop a progressive form of secondary angle-closure glaucoma that appears to be initiated by iris atrophy and the associated formation of synechias. This mouse strain represents a useful model to evaluate mechanisms of pressure-related ganglion cell death and optic nerve atrophy, and to evaluate strategies for neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Savinova
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davisson
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Roderick
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Heckenlively
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy; D016923:Cell Death; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007498:Iris / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology