title: Epidemic optic neuropathy in primary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An epidemic of bilateral optic neuropathy is affecting large numbers of people aged between 10 and 40 in Dar es Salaam, the capital city of Tanzania. The disease is characterised by acute onset of bilateral visual impairment, bilateral impairment of colour vision, and a characteristic temporal pallor of the optic discs. The disease often occurs in association with peripheral neuropathy and sensorineural hearing loss. This report presents the first data on disease prevalence in adolescents, based on a rapid assessment of schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three schools in Dar es Salaam were visited and all children aged between 10 and 16 were screened for the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of bilateral optic neuropathy among the schoolchildren is estimated to be 1.0% (95% CI 0.5-1.4%). This suggests that 5000 children (95% CI 2600-7300) aged 10-16 in Dar es Salaam may have the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this rapid assessment indicate this epidemic is a major public health problem. The prevalence of the disease in the community is likely to be far higher than found in this survey because children with the disease may have withdrawn from school. As the disease predominantly affects young adults, resulting in impaired vision and hearing, the economic and social consequences are enormous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Royal United Hospitals, Bath.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dolin
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Mtanda
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000209:etiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity