title: Sex differences in selection of pacemakers: retrospective observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of patients' sex on selection of pacemakers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective univariate and multivariate analysis of a large database.
  
  
  METHODS
  German central pacemaker register.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records collected at the register for 1992 and 1993 (n=31 913), covering 64% of all implantations in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probability of receiving a single chamber, dual chamber, or rate responsive pacemaker in relation to sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that women were more likely to receive single chamber pacemakers and less likely to receive dual chamber or rate responsive systems than men. After demographic and clinical variables were controlled for, women were still more likely to receive a single chamber system (atrial pacing: odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.07; ventricular pacing: 0.85, 0.80 to 0.92) and less likely to receive a dual chamber (1.20, 1.12 to 1.30) or a rate responsive system (1.26, 1.17 to 1.37) than men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest sex differences in the selection of a pacemaker system which cannot be explained by the underlying cardiac disorder. Further research is needed to evaluate why guidelines for implanting pacemakers are not better adhered to.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Ulm Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schüppel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Büchele
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Batz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors