title: Short-course thrombolysis as the first line of therapy for cardiac valve thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic criteria of thrombolytic therapy for mechanical heart valve thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen consecutive patients with 22 instances of prosthetic heart valve thrombosis (14 mitral, 2 aortic, 3 tricuspid, and 3 pulmonary) were treated with short-course thrombolytic therapy as first option of treatment in absence of contraindications. The thrombolytic therapy protocol consisted of streptokinase (1,500,000 IU in 90 minutes) (n = 18) in one (n = 7) or two (n = 11) cycles or recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (100 mg in 90 minutes) (n = 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall success was seen in 82%, immediate complete success in 59%, and partial success in 23%. Six patients without total response to thrombolytic therapy underwent surgery, and pannus was observed in 83%. Six patients showed complications: allergy, stroke, transient ischemic attack, coronary embolism, minor bleeding, and one death. At diagnosis, 10 patients evidenced atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, 3 of whom experienced peripheral embolism during thrombolysis. Four episodes of rethrombosis were observed (16%). The survivorship was 84% with a mean follow-up of 42.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short-course of thrombolytic therapy may be considered first-line therapy for prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. The risk of peripheral embolism may be evaluated for the presence of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography at diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Hospital de la Sta Creu i St Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manteiga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlos Souto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altès
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arís
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Borrás
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fontcuberta
mesh_terms: D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004617:Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013300:Streptokinase; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator