title: Regional variations in deaths from volatile solvent abuse in Great Britain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess geographical variations in mortality and the relationship of socio-economic correlates to deaths from volatile substance abuse (VSA) in Great Britain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the National Register of deaths from VSA by linking the addresses (postcode) of the deceased to census enumeration districts and hence wards and counties.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 775 deaths in Great Britain listed in the national register between 1985-91. Population counts from the 1991 census were used as denominators.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Poisson heterogeneity test was used to test the null hypothesis that all standardized mortality ratios were from the same population. The t-test was used to compare differences in Townsend Deprivation scores between wards with and without VSA deaths. Multiple regression was used to assess the relationship between indices of deprivation and deaths from VSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-third of all VSA deaths occurred in six regions of Great Britain which accounted for 17% of the at risk population. There was considerable variation in age standardized mortality ratios (ASMR) across regions. A ward level analysis indicated that wards with a VSA death had significantly higher levels of deprivation. The Townsend deprivation index showed mean deprivation scores of 2.8 and 0.2, respectively, for wards with and without a registered death (p < 0.0001). Multiple regression at county/region level found that 45% of the variation in ASMR was explained by the components of the Townsend deprivation index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors associated with deprivation are important in VSA deaths and this should be taken into account in planning public health measures to prevent mortality.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmail
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Warburton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D012997:Solvents; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents