title: National survey of the states: policies and practices regarding drug-using pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the impact of national policy shifts on state policies and practices regarding substance-using mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1995 telephone survey of substance abuse and child protective services directors in all 50 states and the District of Columbia was compared with a similar 1992 survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There have been significant increases in state interventions for drug-using pregnant women (e.g., criminal prosecution, toxicology testing of women and neonates). Federal resources for treatment and oversight are being replaced by state control of reduced funds for treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The earlier policy of expanding treatment for addicted women is being replaced by reduction of services and increased state intervention.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chavkin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Breitbart
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elman
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States