title: The stimulus properties of two common over-the-counter drug mixtures: dextromethorphan + ephedrine and dextromethorphan + diphenhydramine.
abstract: Two groups of rats were trained in a two-choice drug discrimination procedure under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of food reinforcement. One group of rats (n=12) was trained to discriminate the presence and absence of a drug mixture containing 10 mg/kg dextromethorphan + 10 mg/kg diphenhydramine. The other group of rats (n=12) was trained to discriminate the presence and absence of another drug mixture containing 10 mg/kg dextromethorphan + 10 mg/kg ephedrine. Cross-generalization tests conducted with each of the stimulus elements demonstrated that (1) the drug mixtures were not perceived as new entities distinct from their component elements and (2) the stimulus element saliency may be a factor determining the nature of discriminative control by drug mixtures. Cross-generalization tests conducted with the psychomotor stimulants, cocaine and amphetamine, engendered complete generalization to the training cues in both groups, whereas, pentobarbital engendered predominantly saline- or default-lever responding. These data suggest a potential abuse liability for both of these common over-the-counter drug mixtures and cautions against the use of such combinations in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190-3000, USA. dgauvin@rex.re.uokhsc.edu
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Gauvin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vanecek
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallett
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Briscoe
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sannerud
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D004809:Ephedrine