title: A reappraisal of the bladder cumulative method as a reliable technique for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate.
abstract: In order to quantify the decline in renal function, repeated measurements of GFR are necessary. The conventional procedure is cumbersome and time expending so that alternative clearance techniques are needed. We propose a simple isotopic technique for measuring GFR by 99mTc-DTPA and external counting of the bladder by gamma camera (bladder cumulative method). This consists in the measurement by external counting of the amount of labelled filtration marker accumulated in the bladder after intravenous bolus injection. In 36 adult patients with all degrees of renal impairment (serum creatinine 0.9-9.3 mg/dL) GFR was measured twice, once by the conventional method (continuous i.v. infusion of the filtration marker and urine collection by spontaneous voiding) and once by the bladder cumulative method. 99mTc DTPA was used in performing both methods. A satisfactory agreement was found between GFR measured by bladder cumulative method (BCM) and by conventional method (CM). The BCM averaged 60.0 +/- 36.7 mL/min and the CM +/- SD averaged 62.8 +/- 36.6 mL/mm. The ratio BCM/CM +/- SD was 0.95 +/- 0.14 (y = 0.94x + 1.14; r = 0.94). Considering the 17 patients with renal insufficiency (GFR < 60 mL/min) an even better agreement between the two methods was found. In these patients the BCM averaged 28.4 +/- 17.2 mL/min; the CM averaged 29.1 +/- 16.6 mL/min; and the ratio BCM/CM was 0.96 +/- 0.08 (y = 1.03x - 1.47; r = 0.99). The day-to-day variability of BCM, studied in another 11 patients, was lower than that of creatinine clearance (variation coefficient for duplicate measurements: 7.18 +/- 6.65 SD for BCM, 15.68 +/- 8.80 SD for CM, p < 0.01). The bladder cumulative method is a simple procedure for the accurate measurement of GFR, in particular in patients with renal insufficiency. It represents a reliable tool for estimating the decline in renal function.
authors.affiliation: Unita Operative Universitaria di Nefrologia, Clinica Medica, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donadio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tramonti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norpoth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sibilia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bellina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D003404:Creatinine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate