title: Proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in rat uterine cervix throughout gestation and the effect of the antiprogesterone onapristone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the relative percentages of apoptosis and proliferation in fibroblasts and cervical smooth muscles throughout gestation and the effect of an antiprogesterone on these processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were studied at days 5, 15, 18, and 21 and immediately postpartum (day 22). Apoptosis and proliferation as detected by specific immunohistochemistry quantitative morphometric analysis was performed. Onapristone, an antiprogesterone, was used to study effects of hormonal change on these processes in 16- and 19-day timed-pregnant rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells was highest in early pregnancy and decreased progressively, whereas apoptosis increased progressively in later pregnancy. Onapristone inhibited apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in cervical cellular turnover are initiated early in gestation and are under hormonal influence. Antiprogesterone inhibits cell death at days 16 and 19 of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14222, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leppert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006067:Gonanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006067:Gonanes; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011374:Progesterone; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; C053238:onapristone