title: Developmental expression of calcium-binding protein-containing neurons in neocortical transplants.
abstract: The present study examined the development of calcium binding protein-containing neurons in a timed series of fetal neocortical transplants. The immunoexpression of parvalbumin and calbindin, which are subpopulations of GABAergic neurons, have been widely studied in normal development and in disease and injury states. Because of their purported resistance to oxidative injury by their ability to buffer Ca++ influx, these neurons have been particularly studied following ischemia. Because it is likely that oxidative stress is associated with the grafting procedure, we sought to determine if these neurons displayed enhanced survival characteristics. Normally, parvalbumin and calbindin represent about 5-10% of cortical neurons. Within 2-4 wk after grafting the expression of both proteins increased markedly in that a relatively larger number of neurons (27% for parvalbumin) were immunopositive. This increase was transitory, however, and by 4 mo and beyond, confocal microscopic data showed a reduction of over 50% of parvalbumin (+) neurons and processes. Calbindin (+) processes showed a qualitative change in that they were smaller with less terminal branching. Electron microscopy confirmed a substantial reduction in parvalbumin synaptic contacts. Interestingly, in older grafts, remaining parvalbumin neurons were those that were strongly NSE (+) suggesting a link between normal metabolism and Ca++ buffering in grafted neurons. It is possible that in early grafts certain neuronal populations transiently upregulated calcium binding proteins as a defensive mechanism against Ca++ influx associated with oxidative stress. Over time, however, following physiological normalization within grafts, the calcium binding protein (+) neurons are diminished, possibly due to lack of appropriate afferent input to the interneuronal pool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20027, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosenstein
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: More
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016380:Brain Tissue Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D064026:Calbindins; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D019579:Neocortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010320:Parvalbumins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D002118:Calcium