title: The effects of age and gender on the optimal premedication dose of intramuscular midazolam.
abstract: We conducted a double-blind study on the effects of age and gender on the optimal premedication dose of i.m. midazolam. We randomly divided 100 male and 100 female patients in each of three age groups: A = 20-39 yr, B = 40-59 yr, and C = 60-79 yr (total 600 patients) into five groups according to midazolam dosage: 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 mg/kg. Midazolam was injected i.m. with atropine 0.01 mg/kg 15 min before the induction of anesthesia. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), sedation level, tongue root depression, eyelash reflex, and anterograde amnesia were monitored. There were no significant differences between male and female patients in any variables in any age. Decrease of SpO2 and loss of eyelash reflex were seen with midazolam 0.10 mg/kg in Group A, and with 0.08 mg/kg in Group B. In Group C, decreases in BP and SpO2, loss of eyelash reflex, and depression of the tongue root were observed with midazolam 0.06 mg/kg. In conclusion, the optimal doses of i.m. midazolam administered 15 min before the induction of anesthesia in male or female patients were 0.08, 0.06, and 0.04 mg/kg for Groups A, B, and C, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midazolam is the most widely used preoperative anxiolytic drug. Our purpose was to evaluate the optimal dose of i.m. midazolam that would maximize the desired effects and minimize the side effects in a common clinical setting. Results indicate that age, but not gender, should affect the i.m. midazolam dose selected for premedication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D008874:Midazolam