Executive and motivational control of performance task behavior, and autonomic heart-rate regulation in children: physiologic validation of two-factor solution inhibitory control.
Forty-two (42) children (mean age 10.6 years) from mainstream public (N = 22) and therapeutic schools (N = 20) completed performance tasks assessing executive and motivational influences on motor responses. In a separate protocol, children underwent physiologic challenges of paced breathing and supine to standing postural change, while heart rate was continuously monitored. Executive control was associated with vagal modulation of respiratory driven, high-frequency heart-rate variability (t = 2.20, p < .03), whereas motivational control was associated with sympathetic modulation of posturally driven, low-frequency heart-rate variability (t = -2.22, p < .03). These findings supported a two-factor solution of inhibitory control derived in a previous study.
Mezzacappa
E
E
Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mezzacappa@al.tch.harvard.edu
Kindlon
D
D
Saul
J P
JP
Earls
F
F
D000293:Adolescent; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004519:Education, Special; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*