title: Low-dose botulinum toxin with ankle taping for the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a combined treatment for spastic foot using selective injections of botulinum toxin (BTA) into the tibialis posterior muscle followed by ankle taping, and to compare it with current BTA treatment procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind randomized control trial. Three-month follow-up after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurorehabilitation clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen outpatients with equinovarus foot due to severe spasticity after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Injection of 190 to 320 BTA U into several calf muscles (group A); (2) injection of 100 BTA U into the tibialis posterior muscle, followed by ankle-foot taping (group B).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ankle range of motion (ROM), Ashworth scale, gait velocity, and step length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average Ashworth scores decreased 1 point in both groups, but the benefit appeared of shorter duration in group B. Changes in both foot position at rest and passive ankle ROM were observed in all patients, without treatment-related differences, except for gain in passive dorsiflexion that appeared higher in group A. Gait velocity and step length showed similar increases in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of selective injections of low BTA doses with ankle-foot taping is as effective as the injection of the current doses for the reduction of foot inversion with positive effects on gait parameters.
authors.affiliation: Neurorehabilitation Clinic, University of Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lagalla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceravolo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Provinciali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001458:Bandages; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001915:Braces; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins