title: Essential role for protein kinase B (PKB) in insulin-induced glycogen synthase kinase 3 inactivation. Characterization of dominant-negative mutant of PKB.
abstract: Activation of phosphatidylinositide 3'-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase) is implicated in mediating a variety of growth factor-induced responses, among which are the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and the activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB). GSK-3 inactivation occurs through phosphorylation of Ser-9, and several kinases, such as protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-1 (p90(Rsk)), p70(S6kinase), and also PKB have been shown to phosphorylate this site in vitro. In the light of the many candidates to mediate insulin-induced GSK-3 inactivation we have investigated the role of PKB by constructing a PKB mutant that exhibits dominant-negative function (inhibition of growth factor-induced activation of PKB at expression levels similar to wild-type PKB), as currently no such mutant has been reported. We observed that the PKB mutant (PKB-CAAX) acts as an efficient inhibitor of PKB activation and also of insulin-induced GSK-3 regulation. Furthermore, it is shown that PKB and GSK-3 co-immunoprecipitate, indicating a direct interaction between GSK-3 and PKB. An additional functional consequence of this interaction is implicated by the observation that the oncogenic form of PKB, gagPKB induces a cellular relocalization of GSK-3 from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction. Our results demonstrate that PKB activation is both necessary and sufficient for insulin-induced GSK-3 inactivation and establish a linear pathway from insulin receptor to GSK-3. Regulation of GSK-3 by PKB is likely through direct interaction, as both proteins co-immunoprecipitate. This interaction also resulted in a translocation of GSK-3 to the membrane in cells expressing transforming gagPKB.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Weeren
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Bruyn
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Vries-Smits
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Lint
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Burgering
mesh_terms: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
chemical_list: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D007328:Insulin; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras); D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt