title: High-dose induction chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy in rhabdomyosarcoma, extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve response and survival rates in patients with high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma, we used a short course of induction with multi-agent chemotherapy, hyperfractionated radiotherapy, and surgery when possible. Consolidation was with intensive chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients (21 with RMS, three with undifferentiated sarcoma, and two with extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma) were entered onto the protocol between June 1990 and March 1994. Induction consisted of ifosfamide, etoposide, doxorubicin, dactinomycin, cyclophosphomide, and vincristine, and a split course of hyperfractionated radiotherapy. Patients who attained a complete response (CR) or good partial response (GPR) received consolidation with high-dose melphalan and etoposide followed by ABMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 26 previously untreated patients 19 (73%) achieved a CR (n=13) or GPR (n=6) at the completion of induction and underwent ABMT. Two-year overall survival (OS) was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36% to 76%) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 53% for the whole group (95% CI, 33% to 73%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consolidation of response by myeloablative chemotherapy was well tolerated. Split-course hyperfractionated radiotherapy did not increase the rate of local control. The results of this short-course therapy were comparable to previous therapies of 1 to 2 years' duration. Induction and consolidation chemotherapy, as well as radiation dose, could be further intensified, since no death due to toxicity occurred among these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. bouladf@mskcc.org
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boulad
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kernan
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: LaQuaglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lindsley
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Gerald
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gillio
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghavimi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous