title: Short-term urinary flow impairment deregulates PAX2 and PCNA expression and cell survival in fetal sheep kidneys.
abstract: Renal malformations account for most children with chronic renal failure and are often associated with urinary tract anatomical obstruction. We examined cellular and molecular events after experimental urinary flow impairment in fetal sheep. Ovine gestation lasts 144 to 150 days with the metanephros appearing at 27 to 30 days. We generated complete unilateral ureteric anatomical obstruction at 90 days when a few layers of glomeruli had formed. After 10 days, we recorded ureteric and pelvic dilatation with renal parenchymal weight greater than contralateral organs or those from unoperated fetuses. The nephrogenic cortex was replaced by disorganized cells separated by edema and prominent vascular spaces. Cortical histology was dominated by cysts associated with malformed glomerular tufts. Cystic epithelia expressed PAX2, a growth-stimulating transcription factor down-regulated during normal maturation, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a surrogate marker of cycling cells. Detection of apoptosis using propidium iodide and in situ end labeling showed a significant increase of the point prevalence of death in the obstructed cortex. Hence, PAX2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression as well as death were deregulated, as we previously reported in human kidney malformations. Medullary collecting ducts and loops of Henle were also disrupted, correlating with impaired urinary dilution and sodium reabsorption. Therefore, complex aberrations of morphogenesis, gene expression, cell turnover, and urine composition occur relatively early after experimental impairment of fetal urinary flow.
authors.affiliation: Nephrourology Unit, Institute of Child Health, Middlesex Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Attar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Winyard
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mouriquand
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foxall
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Woolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014157:Transcription Factors