title: A study of infraorbital foramen, canal and nerve in adult Egyptians.
abstract: The infraorbital foramen, canal and nerve were examined in 30 Egyptian adult skulls and 15 adult human cadavers. The infraorbital foramen was single in 90% of cases and double in 10%. It was oval in 65% of cases and round in the remaining cases. It was directed downward, forward and medially in 60%, downward in 25% and medially in 15% of cases. The distance from the centre of the foramen to the inferior orbital margin was 6.1 +/- 2.4 mm and to the lateral nasal border was 14.7 +/- 2.7 mm. The infraorbital foramen was opposite the 2nd maxillary premolar in 50% of cases, opposite the 1st premolar in 15% and between the 1st and 2nd premolar teeth in 15% of cases. The length of the infraorbital canal was 28.8 +/- 2.9 mm and it showed an infraorbital groove in 60% of cases, a complete roof in 25% and a deficient roof leaving a short bony bridge in 15% of cases. The anterior superior alveolar nerve arose either from the middle third of the infraorbital nerve (in 10 out of 15 cases) or from its anterior third in the remaining 5 cases. The middle superior alveolar nerve was not apparent in 8 cases and it arose from the middle third of the infraorbital nerve in the remaining 7 cases. Radiographic study of the infraorbital foramen and canal on 15 adult dry skulls were also done using 3 different views for each skull. The panoramic view showed to be better than either of the lateral or the postero/anterior view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hindy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdel-Raouf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008442:Maxillary Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values