title: Characterization of grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB mutations in 116 unrelated isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and effects of mutations on ciprofloxacin MIC.
abstract: One hundred sixteen unrelated clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (70 ciprofloxacin resistant and 46 ciprofloxacin susceptible) from eight countries were studied for the presence of mutations in the grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB gene loci. Two mutations within grlA (located at codons 80 and 84) and two mutations within gyrA (located at codons 84 and 88) were clearly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, although other mutations detected within the four genes studied may also contribute to decreased susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheuring
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lückefahr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hadding
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhrer
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II