title: Fertilization using male germ line-cells.
abstract: In recent years, favorable results have been achieved in patients suffering from azoospermia by microinsemination of spermatozoa taken from their testes. Microinsemination is being introduced in the treatment of patients who have no spermatozoa in their testes via their spermatid and spermatocyte. There are still doubts relating to immature male germ line-cells, such as whether they have, oocyte activating factors, the level of stability of DNA of cell nuclei, and the differences in chromosome numbers. The relatively few cases of gestation using the human spermatid treatment may be due to embryological problems resulting from the instability of nuclear DNA and the insufficiency of oocyte activating factors, which are the result of imperfect microinjection techniques. Improvements in techniques for the clinical application of spermatid and secondary spermatocyte, as well as the collection of basic data to confirm embryological safety are therefore necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katayose
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konnai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008845:Microinjections; D013087:Spermatids / Q000502:physiology