title: Laparoscopic orchiopexy: procedure of choice for the nonpalpable testis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple approaches exist for the management of the nonpalpable testis. With the use of diagnostic laparoscopy widely accepted in the setting of the nonpalpable testis we have found laparoscopic orchiopexy to be an efficient and logical extension. To evaluate its use we report our experience with laparoscopic orchiopexy to treat 44 nonpalpable testes in 36 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic orchiopexy for a 2 1/2-year period. Modifications of the surgical technique are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left testis was affected in 18 boys, the right in 9 and both in 9. At laparoscopy 8 testes were at the internal ring or were peeping and the remainder were intra-abdominal. One patient underwent a unilateral 1-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy, and 3 unilateral and 1 bilateral 2-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy. Two patients underwent laparoscopically assisted orchiectomy. The remaining 31 patients underwent laparoscopic orchiopexy without division of the spermatic vessels. At followup (mean 6 months) all testes are without atrophy, and 39 of 42 (93%) are in an acceptable scrotal position. There are 3 testes (7%) high in the scrotum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic orchiopexy is a logical extension of diagnostic laparoscopy for the evaluation and treatment of the nonpalpable testis. The low incidence of complications and 93% success rate underscore the feasibility of this procedure. It is our procedure of choice for the treatment of nonpalpable testis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Darby
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Faiella
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Reda
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000601:surgery*