title: Yolk sac tumor of the ear in a child.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings of the second case of an endodermal sinus tumor of the ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical study is a retrospective case report combined with a literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was treated at the University Erasmus Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomographic scan and histologic analysis. The treatment was surgical.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient underwent surgical treatment, and a locoregional relapse developed. The clinical evolution was in accordance with previous reports of extragonadal endodermal sinus tumor sites. The family refused chemotherapy, and the patient died 3 months after admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An endodermal sinus tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor that usually involves the gonadal tissue. Extragonadal sites are rare, and different hypotheses have been evoked to explain these locations. Treatment options include surgical removal and chemotherapy. This is the second case of an endodermal sinus tumor of the ear.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choufani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saussez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Detemmerman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tainmont
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louryan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remmelink
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassid
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000473:pathology*; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018240:Endodermal Sinus Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010032:Otitis Externa / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology