title: Intravesical electromotive drug administration technique: preliminary results and side effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed intravesical electromotive drug administration (EMDA) for various bladder disorders during a 3-year period and assessed the technique, possible applications, complications and outcomes of this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravesical EMDA was performed with local anesthetics for transurethral surgery and in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of noninfectious chronic cystitis (interstitial/radiation cystitis), with mitomycin C for recurrence prophylaxis of high risk superficial bladder cancer and with oxybutynin/bethanechol for the hyperreflexive/acontractile detrusor. A standardized power source and electrode catheter were used for 215 treatments in 84 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transurethral bladder tumor resections were pain-free in 10 of 12 patients. Of the 25 patients with chronic noninfectious cystitis 15 were free of symptoms for a mean of 6.6 months, and there was a 73% increase in mean bladder capacity from 244 before to 421 cc after EMDA. Of the 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer 9 were free of recurrence for a mean of 14.1 months. In 10 of 14 patients with acontractile detrusors urodynamic examination showed detrusor contraction during EMDA of bethanechol. There were no contractions without electric current. EMDA of oxybutynin reduced detrusor hyperreflexia. A bladder ulcer was the single severe local complication and 4.6% of patients, mainly those with chronic cystitis, reported significant post-EMDA bladder/urethral pain. Minor side effects accounted for 23% of all treatments. No systemic side effects occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravesical EMDA is effective and innocuous. The therapeutic concept combines the advantages of increased drug administration without systemic side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Andrology, Municipal Hospital Lainz, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pflüger
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003556:Cystitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy