[The effect of n-3 fatty acid administration on selected indicators of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
BACKGROUND
Serum triacylglycerols (TG), VLDL, HDL, fatty acid and eicosanoid spectrum are among the factors determining the risk of cardiovascular complications in NIDDM. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are expected to have beneficial effects on these factors. In NIDDM patients there have however been previously reported (late 1980s) some adverse effects.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to verify the effects of n-3 PUFA in NIDDM patients using relatively low dosage.


METHODS
The investigated group included 21 NIDDM patients with dyslipoproteinemia type IV. The patients were treated for 28 days with 1.7 g EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) + 1.15 g DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)/day (10 capsules/day of MAXEPA, Seven Seas U.K.). The lipoproteins were measured using the BIO-LACHEMA kits, the fatty acid spectrum in phospholipids was determined by gas chromatography and prostanoids (after their separation) were measured by RIA methods.


CONCLUSIONS
After the MAXEPA treatment there has been a strong decrease in TG (p < 0.005) and VLDL (p < 0.002) serum levels, accompanied by a significant increase in HDL (p < 0.02). The final-to-baseline TG ratio in individual patients negatively correlated with the relative percentage of EPA in phospholipids after the treatment (p < 0.03; r = -0.474). There was no significant change in serum total cholesterol, fasting glycaemia and glycosylated hemoglobin. There was a slight, but statistically already significant (p < 0.05), rise in LDL. The relative percentage of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA in serum phospholipids increased sharply (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The increase of n-3 PUFA in individual patients was linked with the decrease in n-6 PUFA (p < 0.001; r = -0.686). The spectrum of the latter has changed also very markedly. The prostacyclin PGI2-to-thromboxane TxA2 ratio increased significantly (p < 0.001). Beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids have prevailed and this kind of treatment seems very encouraging also in NIDDM patients. The results are logically compatible with other authors' results pattern formed in 1990s. A slight rise in serum LDL needs a more detailed discussion since only its phenotype B ("small dense LDL particles") has been recently found to be atherogenic. (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 15.)
Habán
P
P
Klinické oddelenie Výskumného ústavu výzivy v Bratislave.
Simoncic
R
R
Klvanová
I
I
Ozdín
L
L
Zideková
E
E
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006953:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; C045153:Maxepa; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Vplyv podávania n-3 mastných kyselín na vybrané ukazovatele kardiovaskulárnych rizík u pacientov s diabetom mellitus II. typu.