title: Chlamydia pneumoniae and occlusive vascular disease: identification and characterization.
abstract: Chlamydia pneumoniae, a respiratory pathogen, has been associated with occlusive vascular disease, including atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia, through seroepidemiologic studies. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in situ hybridization, this association has been reconfirmed by detecting this organism in atherosclerotic vascular tissue. This review summarizes and critically analyzes these findings and also discusses various mechanisms of how Chlamydia pneumoniae could be involved in the pathogenesis of occlusive vascular disease. Although more studies are needed to reproduce these results and, possibly, uncover a mechanism, the current literature fails to include detailed methodologies for studying Chlamydia pneumoniae. Therefore, to provide a general standard, we have also outlined specific protocols for IHC, PCR, and TEM. These protocols incorporate essential components from various studies and are presented in a concise and easily adaptable format.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D015139:Blotting, Southern / Q000379:methods; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods