title: The study of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 gene expression and plasma levels on hemodialysis before and after dialyzer reuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the biocompatibility of dialyzer reuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two hemodialysis patients were randomized into cuprophan (CU, 7), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, 7) and polysulphone (PS, 8) membrane groups to observe IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 gene expression and their plasma levels by using themselves as control with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of interlukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were 14.07 +/- 3.32 pg/ml, 67.41 +/- 19.79 pg/ml, 83.67 +/- 40.34 pg/ml; 12.80 +/- 3.01 pg/ml, 49.65 +/- 9.75 pg/ml, 33.36 +/- 12.14 pg/ml and 14.41 +/- 3.16 pg/ml, 80.56 +/- 23.22 pg/ml, 48.14 +/- 16.01 pg/ml, respectively, after patients dialyzed with CU, PMMA and PS membranes. Plasma cytokine levels decreased after reuse compared with those before reuse in each group. But no significant difference was found between them (P > 0.05); the levels of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 gene expression after reuse were 5.61 +/- 0.33, 2.11 +/- 0.12, 5.04 +/- 0.19%; 2.43 +/- 0.19, 1.29 +/- 0.11, 3.48 +/- 0.20% and 2.48 +/- 0.20, 1.24 +/- 0.11, 3.22 +/- 0.20% respectively by in situ hybridization, and 0.92 +/- 0.07, 0.63 +/- 0.05, 0.53 +/- 0.05; 0.61 +/- 0.06, 0.47 +/- 0.04, 0.37 +/- 0.03 and 0.59 +/- 0.05, 0.44 +/- 0.04, 0.38 +/- 0.03 by RT-PCR, respectively. After reuse there was significant decrease as compared with that before reuse (P < 0.001, P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggested reprocessing dialyzer with formaldehyde reduced cytokine release and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhanced dialyzer biocompatibility. It would be beneficial to reduce the dialysis cost and may reduce the complication related to a long term hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C052994:interleukin-1beta (163-171)