title: Saphenous vein thrombophlebitis (SVT): a deceptively benign disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the hypercoagulable state is a well-established entity. However, the association between saphenous vein thrombophlebitis and coagulation abnormalities has not been investigated. Although thrombosis of varicose veins typically runs a benign course, phlebitis of the saphenous system may propagate to the deep system or saphenofemoral junction that requires more aggressive therapy. Given the potential similarity in clinical outcome between saphenous vein thrombophlebitis (SVT) and DVT, we have investigated the coagulation profile of patients presenting with isolated SVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen consecutive patients who presented to our vascular laboratory with isolated SVT had a coagulation profile performed that included antithrombin III (AT III), protein C (PC), protein S (PS) antigen and activity levels, activated protein C (APC) resistance, factor V DNA mutation, and coagulation factors II and X. All patients had duplex scans performed on both the superficial and deep venous systems. Patients with SVT only were treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and warm soaks as outpatients, whereas those patients found to have DVT or a clot at the saphenofemoral junction were fully anticoagulated with heparin and coumadin therapy. All 17 patients had at least one repeat coagulation profile performed up to 5 months after their SVT occurrence to ensure that the results of hypercoagulability were not transient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten (59%) of the 17 patients with SVT had abnormal coagulation profiles on initial presentation. All 10 patients who were hypercoagulable had repeat tests and 6 (35%) remained abnormal. Four patients who had abnormal results converted to normal values. Seven patients with normal coagulation profiles on initial presentation had repeat tests and all remained normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of the hypercoagulable state in patients with SVT is high. Thirty-five percent of patients with isolated SVT had consistently abnormal coagulation profiles. Patients with SVT may be prone to the development of DVT or saphenofemoral junction thrombophlebitis and should be closely followed after the initial diagnosis of hypercoagulability.
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ascher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DePippo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheinman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yorkovich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hingorani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000941:Antigens / Q000097:blood; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005165:Factor V / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005170:Factor X / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000503:physiopathology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011186:Postphlebitic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000503:physiopathology; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000941:Antigens; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D005170:Factor X; D006493:Heparin; D004247:DNA