title: A measure of the mitotic index: studies of the abundance and half-life of p34cdc2 in cultured cells and normal and neoplastic tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cdc2 gene encodes a protein kinase, p34cdc2, that is essential for mitosis, and is present at high levels in dividing cells. Classical studies of the levels of this protein in dividing and resting cells used antibodies that cross-react with other members of the CDK family, in particular with CDK2. We have therefore re-examined the abundance of p34cdc2 in a variety of tissues and cell lines, using a highly specific, epitope-mapped monoclonal antibody that does not react with CDK2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed high levels of p34cdc2 in proliferating cells, especially those in neoplastic tissues. Cells that have withdrawn from the cell cycle have low or undetectable levels. At the end of mitosis, the level of p34cdc2 declines, with simple first-order kinetics, with a half-life which is never less than 6h and is more typically about 18h. The persistence of p34cdc2 after the last cell division is comparable to that of PCNA, a commonly used marker of proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunochemical detection of p34cdc2 provides an accurate, reliable and meaningful measure of the proliferative activity of cells in tissues. We suggest that p34cdc2 should be considered as the most authentic molecular marker of the mitotic index.
authors.affiliation: ICRF Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, UK.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nebreda
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Goodger
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008940:Mitotic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics; D014170:Transformation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000939:Epitopes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D003513:Cycloheximide; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase