title: Studying receptor-ligand interactions using encoded amino acid scanning.
abstract: A novel technique is described that allows the synthesis, functional analysis, and quantitative readout of defined arrays of polypeptide analogues in aqueous solution. Key to this approach is the use of a simple encoding-decoding system in which a unique Fmoc-amino acid tag is covalently attached to the C terminus of each member of a molecular array through a selectively cleavable bond. These tags can be cleanly removed from the molecules they encode, allowing single-step characterization and quantification of the entire mixture by HPLC. The utility of this technique is illustrated through the preparation of an array of proline-rich sequences based on the exchange factor C3G, one of the natural ligands of the N-terminal SH3 domain from the proto-oncogene, c-Crk. The array was designed to systematically modify those residues within the C3G peptide ligand thought to make key interactions with the c-Crk SH3 domain. Using competition binding experiments, it was possible to determine the relative ED50 values for the entire array of molecules simultaneously. These studies revealed that in order to maintain optimal binding to the SH3 domain, the P-3 side chain of the ligand must be positively charged and the P-0 side chain must be hydrophobic and extend beyond the gamma-carbon. The excellent correlation between these relative ED50 values and a series of relative Kd values determined from individual peptides suggests that this approach may be useful in determining, in a parallel fashion, the relative biological activities of arrays of polypeptides.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Synthetic Protein Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Camarero
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000737:chemistry; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D008024:Ligands; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D018909:src Homology Domains; D000097767:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005449:Fluorenes; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D008024:Ligands; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D000097767:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11; C016456:N(alpha)-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids; C011083:polyproline