title: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic findings during RPE wound healing in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic features of an in vivo rabbit model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydraulic debridement of the RPE was performed in one eye of each of 35 pigmented rabbits using a pars plana vitrectomy approach. Five of the 35 eyes were examined by either SEM or TEM on each of the following postoperative days: 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEM revealed that hydraulic RPE debridement results in only focal damage to the RPE basement membrane portion of Bruch's membrane and that this damage is repaired by day 7 without ultrastructural sequelae. SEM and TEM disclosed that the RPE cells at the margin of the debrided bed become flattened and enlarged and evolve a cytoskeletal reorganization with altered apical-basal polarity consistent with the development of a migrating phenotype. This is followed by gradual restoration to a more normal stationary RPE phenotype after initial closure (reepithelialization) of the RPE defect on day 7. RPE hyperplasia also occurs and may contribute to this repair process. Tight junctions are re-established among the apical surfaces of monolayered and multilayered RPE cells by day 7, coinciding with the restoration of the blood outer retinal barrier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydraulic debridement of the RPE in vivo is a useful investigational model that provides important insight into the pathogenesis of outer retinal disorders and their treatment with such techniques as submacular surgery or RPE transplantation.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oganesian
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008871:Microvilli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011817:Rabbits; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing