title: Defective trophoblast function in mice with a targeted mutation of Ets2.
abstract: Members of the Ets family of transcription factors mediate transcriptional responses of multiple signaling pathways in diverse cell types and organisms. Targeted deletion of the conserved DNA binding domain of the Ets2 transcription factor results in the retardation and death of homozygous mouse embryos before 8.5 days of embryonic development. Defects in extraembryonic tissue gene expression and function include deficient expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B), persistent extracellular matrix, and failure of ectoplacental cone proliferation. Mutant embryos were rescued by aggregation with tetraploid mouse embryos, which complement the developmental defects by providing functional extraembryonic tissues. Rescued Ets2-deficient mice are viable and fertile but have wavy hair, curly whiskers, and abnormal hair follicle shape and arrangement, resembling mice with mutations of the EGF receptor or its ligands. However, these mice are not deficient in the production of TGFalpha or the EGF receptor. Homozygous mutant cell lines respond mitogenically to TGFalpha, EGF, FGF1, and FGF2. However, FGF fails to induce MMP-13 (collagenase-3) and MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) in the Ets2-deficient fibroblasts. Ectopic expression of Ets2 in the deficient fibroblasts restores expression of both matrix metalloproteinases. Therefore, Ets2 is essential for placental function, mediating growth factor signaling to key target genes including MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in different cell types, and for regulating hair development.
authors.affiliation: The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. rgoshima@ljcrf.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kupriyanov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McKercher
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Henkel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Werb
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Oshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002678:Chimera; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006197:Hair / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011123:Polyploidy; D050787:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C107465:ERF protein, human; C494070:Ets2 protein, mouse; D050787:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases