title: Anterior enterocele following cystectomy for intractable interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We clinically define the development of an anterior vaginal wall hernia following cystectomy for the management of intractable interstitial cystitis and establish surgical technique for its correction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 27 women who underwent simple cystectomy and urethrectomy for intractable interstitial cystitis an anterior vaginal wall hernia developed in 3 (71, 56 and 61 years old) at 8, 14 and 16 months, respectively, postoperatively. Clinical appearance was similar to a midline cystocele but it contained bowel contents in the form of an anterior enterocele. Anterior enterocele was associated with vaginal vault prolapse in 1 patient who was treated with transvaginal sacro-spinous colpopexy. Patients with isolated anterior enterocele required a transabdominal approach with mobilization of the intestinal hernia contents and obliteration of the intervaginal abdominal wall space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12, 19 and 33 months following reconstruction prolapse has not recurred, and sexual function was restored in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases suggest that an extended simple cystectomy performed on women with intractable interstitial cystitis may result in a weakening of the anterior vaginal wall with resultant anterior enterocele formation. When it is associated with vaginal vault prolapse a transvaginal technique may be considered but we prefer a transabdominal approach for an isolated anterior enterocele. Prevention of this entity may be warranted at the time of cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrion
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordorica
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lockhart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006547:Hernia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*