title: Prevalence of and factors associated with current and lifetime depression in older adult primary care patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression in late life is a significant health problem in the United States. This study examined the relationship between depression and alcohol, cigarette use, family history, and sociodemographic factors in older adult primary care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a larger clinical trial, 2,732 patients in 24 primary care offices were recruited to complete a self-administered health screening survey. Depression was assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for lifetime and current depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17.8% of females and 9.4% of males age 60 and over met DSM-III-R criteria for lifetime depression; 10.6% of the females and 5.7% of the males met current depression criteria. Depression was significantly and positively correlated with female gender and family history of mental health problems and negatively correlated with social contact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults, especially women, should be considered at elevated risk for depression when a family history of mental health problems and self-report of inadequate social connection can be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. barry.kristen@forum.va.gov
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Manwell
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support