title: Public health benefit of over-the-counter nicotine medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the impact of allowing non-prescription sales of nicotine medications in the United States on increasing the numbers of smokers quitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sales and marketing data were used to compare the use of nicotine medications before and after non-prescription sales, and to estimate the impact of non-prescription sales on quit rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of quit attempts using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, number of smokers who quit smoking with over-the-counter (OTC) NRT or with NRT still sold by prescription, and incremental quits attributable to OTC NRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since the US Food and Drug Administration approved nicotine medications for OTC sale in 1996, use of the medications has increased by 152% compared with prior prescription use. With increased use of an efficacious treatment, OTC nicotine medications are estimated to yield from 114,000-304,000 new former smokers annually in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The broader availability and promotion of effective treatments for tobacco dependence, specifically nicotine gum and patch, increase the number of smokers availing themselves of the medications. This increased use is estimated to contribute substantially to the number of former smokers in the United States.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Smoking Research Group, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiffman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gitchell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pinney
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lara
mesh_terms: D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D009538:Nicotine; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D009538:Nicotine