title: Growth and endocrinological disorders up to 21 years after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to evaluate endocrinological status 10-21 years after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with chemotherapy (C) and cranial irradiation (C + I) or only C, and to correlate the endocrine data with growth parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 30 patients (15 females and 15 males), 18 were treated with C + I and 12 were treated with C only. Height standard deviation score (HSDS) and body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS) before treatment, at end of treatment, and at follow-up were calculated from height and weight registered from the charts. At follow-up examinations, provocative growth hormone (GH) tests (clonidine and insulin tolerance test) and an ACTH test were performed. Furthermore, blood samples for hormonal analysis, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, GHBP, and leptin were drawn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients (9 treated with C + I and 2 treated with C) showed insufficient response to GH tests. Two patients had hypogonadism. HSDS and IGF-I were significantly lower and GHBP significantly higher in GH-deficient patients compared to the group with normal GH secretion at follow-up. BMISDS steadily increased from start of treatment until follow-up, independent of GH status at follow-up. BMISDS at follow-up was positively correlated with serum leptin (P < 0.001), and serum leptin was significantly higher in the cranial irradiated group as compared to the nonirradiated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH deficiency is frequently found at long-term follow-up in patients treated for childhood ALL. Other hormonal deficiencies are rare. HSDS at long-term follow-up is dependent on GH secretory status. Long-term endocrinological follow-up examinations in patients treated for childhood ALL are recommended, as hormonal replacement therapy may be indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Aarhus at Skejby, Denmark.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Birkebaek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fisker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tuovinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sindet-Pedersen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone