title: Intracranial EEG seizure-offset termination patterns: relation to outcome of epilepsy surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies using stereo-EEG (SEEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) should not only identify a patient's epileptogenic zone, but also should provide prognostic information for surgical outcome. In this respect, seizure-offset patterns have so far been the subject of only one study, in which they were shown to be associated with poor outcome when recorded over cortical areas outside the temporal lobe of seizure onset. To clarify whether seizure-offset patterns are reliable in predicting seizure outcome, we studied SEEG/ECoG in a similar group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  SEEG/ECoG records of 44 patients with refractory TLE were analyzed. The areas of seizure termination were classified as ipsilateral or contralateral (mesial and/or lateral) temporal, (temporal and) frontal, and diffuse/bilateral. Patients were classified with respect to seizure outcome as either seizure-free (UCLA class 1a) or not seizure free (UCLA class 2-4); both groups were correlated with specific seizure-offset categories using Fisher's exact probability test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 44 patients, the majority (n = 36) had at least part of their seizure offsets in the ipsilateral temporal lobe, whereas 8 patients manifested no seizure offsets in this lobe. Only 9 patients (20%) showed exclusive offsets in the ipsilateral temporal lobe. No statistically significant difference was evident between patients with all seizure offsets in the ipsilateral temporal lobe and those with offsets elsewhere. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was evident between patients with a diffuse seizure offset and those with seizure offsets of a different category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seizure-offset patterns in SEEG/ECoG are unreliable in predicting seizure outcome after resective activity surgery for TLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Instituut voor Epilepsiebestrijding Meer en Bosch/De Cruquiushoeve, Heemstede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brekelmans
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Velis
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: van Veelen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Emde Boas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011379:Prognosis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome