title: Arousal modulation in cocaine-exposed infants.
abstract: The ability to modulate arousal is a critical skill with wide-ranging implications for development. In this study, the authors examined arousal regulation as a function of levels of prenatal cocaine exposure in 107 infants at 4 months of age using a "still-face" procedure. Facial expressions were coded. A greater percentage of heavily cocaine-exposed infants, compared with those who were unexposed to cocaine, showed less enjoyment during en face play with their mothers and continued to show negative expressions during the resumption of play following a period when the interaction was interrupted. This finding was independent of other substance exposure, neonatal medical condition, environmental risk, maternal contingent responsivity, and concurrent maternal sensitivity and vocalizations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study of Child Development, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendersky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine