title: The influence of the bolus injection rate of propofol on its cardiovascular effects and peak blood concentrations in sheep.
abstract: The influence of the bolus injection rate of propofol on its cardiovascular effects has not been extensively studied. We therefore examined the influence of the injection rate of i.v. bolus doses of propofol on its acute cardiovascular effects and peak blood concentrations in seven chronically instrumented sheep. Each received i.v. propofol (200 mg) over 2 min (slow injection) and 0.5 min (rapid injection) on separate occasions in random order. The rapid injection was associated with more profound decreases in mean arterial blood pressure than slow injection (35.7% vs 23.7% maximal reductions from baseline, respectively; P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between the injection rates for peak reductions in myocardial contractility, increases in heart rate, or degree of respiratory depression. Concurrently, the rapid injections were associated with significantly higher arterial (26.9 vs 11.9 mg/L) propofol concentrations in a manner consistent with indicator dilution principles. There were no differences in the peak coronary sinus concentrations between the injection rates. We conclude that the rapid injection of propofol in the context of the induction of anesthesia produced significantly higher peak arterial propofol concentrations and suggest that it is these higher concentrations that produced relatively greater reductions in arterial blood pressure from rapid injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol is injected into a vein to initiate anesthesia. It can cause a rapid decrease in blood pressure, which may be dangerous to the patient. We examined the effect of rapid and slow injection rates of propofol in sheep and found that rapid injection caused a greater decrease in blood pressure. This was because rapid injection caused higher concentrations of propofol in the blood immediately after the injection. We believe that if the same processes occur in humans, there may be little advantage in injecting propofol rapidly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA, Australia. dzheng@health.adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Upton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ludbrook
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol