Earthquakes on dipping faults: the effects of broken symmetry
Dynamic simulations of earthquakes on dipping faults show asymmetric near-source ground motion caused by the asymmetric geometry of such faults. The ground motion from a thrust or reverse fault is larger than that of a normal fault by a factor of 2 or more, given identical initial stress magnitudes. The motion of the hanging wall is larger than that of the footwall in both thrust (reverse) and normal earthquakes. The asymmetry between normal and thrust (reverse) faults results from time-dependent normal stress caused by the interaction of the earthquake-generated stress field with Earth's free surface. The asymmetry between hanging wall and footwall results from the asymmetric mass and geometry on the two sides of the fault.
Oglesby
DD
D. D. Oglesby and R. J. Archuleta, Institute for Crustal Studies and Department of Geological Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. S. B. Nielsen, Institute for Crustal Studies and Materials Research Laborat.
Archuleta
RJ
Nielsen
SB