title: Biallelic expression of all four IGF-II promoters and its association with increased methylation of H19 gene in human brain.
abstract: The human IGF-II gene is maternally imprinted in all tissues except adult liver and the choroid plexus/leptomeninges of the central nervous system where IGF-II is biallelically expressed. In human liver, it has recently been reported that this biallelic expression only involves the promoter P1 while the promoters P2-P4 direct IGF-II transcription monoallelically. To explore whether or not biallelic expression of the IGF-II promoters in human CNS displays the same pattern as in liver, we examined the allelic expression status of the four IGF-II promoters in human brain. We found that all four IGF-II promoters in human fetal and adult brain were expressed from both parental alleles. Furthermore, the levels of methylation of the 3' region of H19 gene in fetal brain were higher than those in other tissues with monoallelic expression of IGF-II. Since similar findings have been reported in Wilms' tumor, these data suggest a similar mechanism may be responsible for loss of imprinting of IGF-II in normal brain and Wilms' tumor.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Helman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
chemical_list: C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II