title: Trypanosoma cruzi glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: structure, catalytic mechanism and targeted inhibitor design.
abstract: The structure of the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from glycosomes of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas' disease, is reported. The final model at 2.8 A includes the bound cofactor NAD+ and 90 water molecules per monomer and resulted in an Rfactor of 20.1%, Rfree = 22.3%, with good geometry indicators. The structure has no ions bound at the active site resulting in a large change in the side chain conformation of Arg249 which as a consequence forms a salt bridge to Asp210 in the present structure. We propose that this conformational change could be important for the reaction mechanism and possibly a common feature of many GAPDH structures. Comparison with the human enzyme indicates that interfering with this salt bridge could be a new approach to specific inhibitor design, as the equivalent to Asp210 is a leucine in the mammalian enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física de São Carlos, USP, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Garratt
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hannaert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010710:Phosphates; D013431:Sulfates; D009243:NAD; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases