title: A historical review of mental health services in Hong Kong (1841 to 1995).
abstract: This paper is a historical review of mental health services in Hong Kong. The development of mental health services in Hong Kong can be roughly divided into several stages: the pre-asylum period (1841-1924), the asylum period (1925-1948), the organization period (1 948-1965), the initial rehabilitation period (1966-1973), the centralized rehabilitation period (1974-1981) and the civic control vs community care period (1982-1995). From the development of mental health services in Hong Kong, it is clearly demonstrated that the aims and the trends of mental health services had gradually progressed from a detention model, to a treatment model and finally to a rehabilitation model. Nevertheless, under a shortage of governmental resources and the severe opposition of public stigmatization, community based rehabilitation existed in the form of institution-like service units. In comparison with the international de-institutionalization and community care movement, mental health services in Hong Kong are not affected by any de-institutionalization movement. Instead, the unique political and social context nurtured a parallel development of both institutional care and community care for mental patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Social Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000266:history / Q000458:organization & administration; D003688:Deinstitutionalization / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006723:Hong Kong; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000266:history* / Q000458:organization & administration