title: Improvement of repolarization abnormalities by a K+ channel opener in the LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study used monophasic action potential (MAP) to examine the effect of nicorandil, a K+ channel opener, on repolarization abnormalities induced by epinephrine in the LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome in which the KvLQT1 mutation underlies the defect in the channel responsible for the slowly activating component of the delayed rectifier potassium current.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAPs were recorded simultaneously from two or three sites on the right ventricular and left ventricular endocardium in 6 patients with a congenital form of LQT1 syndrome with KvLQT1 defect (17 sites) and 8 control patients (24 sites). In LQT1 patients, epinephrine infusion prolonged the QT interval and 90% MAP duration (MAPD90) and increased the dispersion of MAPD90. Epinephrine also induced early after depolarizations (EADs) as well as ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) in 2 of the 6 patients. Nicorandil during epinephrine infusion abbreviated the QT interval and MAPD90, decreased the dispersion of MAPD90, and abolished the EADs as well as the VPCs in 1 patient. Addition of propranolol completely reversed the effect of epinephrine in prolonging the QT interval and MAPD90 and increasing the dispersion and eliminated the EADs and VPCs in another patient. In control patients, the effect of epinephrine and that of additional nicorandil and propranolol on repolarization parameters were much less than in the LQT1 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that nicorandil, a K+ channel opener, improves repolarization abnormalities in the LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome with KvLQT1 defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. shimizu@mmrl.edu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Towbin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020108:Nicorandil; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D009536:Niacinamide; D020108:Nicorandil; D004837:Epinephrine