title: Backleak, tight junctions, and cell- cell adhesion in postischemic injury to the renal allograft.
abstract: Postischemic injury in recipients of 3-7-d-old renal allografts was classified into sustained (n = 19) or recovering (n = 20) acute renal failure (ARF) according to the prevailing inulin clearance. Recipients of optimally functioning, long-standing allografts and living donors undergoing nephrectomy served as functional (n = 14) and structural controls (n = 10), respectively. Marked elevation above control of fractional clearance of dextrans of graded size was consistent with transtubular backleak of 57% of filtrate (inulin) in sustained ARF. No backleak was detected in recovering ARF. To explore a structural basis for backleak, allograft biopsies were taken intraoperatively, 1 h after reperfusion in all recipients, and again on day 7 after transplant in a subset (n = 10). Electron microscopy revealed disruption of both apical and basolateral membranes of proximal tubule cells in both sustained and recovering ARF, but cell exfoliation and tubule basement membrane denudation were negligible. Histochemical analysis of membrane-associated adhesion complexes confirmed an abnormality of proximal but not distal tubule cells, marked in sustained ARF but not in recovering ARF. Staining for the zonula occludens complex (ZO-1) and adherens complex (alpha, beta, and gamma catenins) revealed diminished intensity and redistribution of each cytoskeletal protein from the apico-lateral membrane boundary. We conclude that impaired integrity of tight junctions and cell-cell adhesion in the proximal tubule provides a paracellular pathway through which filtrate leaks back in sustained allograft ARF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huie
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Scandling
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dafoe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alfrey
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007444:Inulin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000502:physiology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology*; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C569042:TJP1 protein, human; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D007444:Inulin