title: Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in kidney graft recipients: a randomized placebo-controlled study.
abstract: Highly concentrated marine polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), affecting the lipids and lipophilic drugs metabolism, can interfere with cyclosporine (CyA) pharmacokinetics. This prospective, randomized and placebo-controlled, double-blind study involved 42 kidney graft recipients. From day +1, 21 pts (E) received 6 g n-3 PUFA (85% EPA + DHA, Esapent, Pharmacia) and 21 pts (P) received placebo (olive oil), both reduced to 3 g from day +30 on. A quadruple immunosuppressive regimen was employed. Plasma creatinine, lipids and CyA pharmacokinetics were investigated 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after graft. The two groups were comparable for age, weight, M/F ratio, hypertension prevalence and baseline lipids. Active treatment did not affect total and HDL-cholesterol, but significantly lowered triglycerides (E:120 +/- 12 vs P:166 +/- 21 mg/dl, p < 0.0001). At one year, E pts had lower creatinine than P (1.26 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.88 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, p < 0.05), comparable CyA dosage, and a larger CyA area under the curve (AUC) (n.s.), with a higher blood peak level (Cmax) (p < 0.04) and less variance in time to peak (n.s.). The larger AUC in the E group at all intervals and the better pattern of plasma creatinine, with no rise in blood pressure, provided evidence of better CyA absorption and metabolism in n-3 PUFA supplemented kidney graft recipients.
authors.affiliation: U.O. Nefrologia, Dialisi e Terapia del Trapianto Renale, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Busnach
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stragliotto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brando
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Broggi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Civati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine