title: 12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors studied the 12-month course of illness following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode of bipolar disorder to identify potential outcome predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  They recruited 134 patients with DSM-III-R bipolar disorder who were consecutively admitted for the treatment of a manic or mixed episode. Diagnostic, symptomatic, and functional evaluations were obtained at the index hospitalization. Patients were reevaluated at 2, 6, and 12 months after discharge to assess syndromic, symptomatic, and functional outcome. Factors associated with outcome were identified by using multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 12-month follow-up period, there were no significant differences in outcome between patients with manic compared with mixed bipolar disorder. Although syndromic recovery occurred in 48% of the overall group, symptomatic recovery occurred in only 26% and functional recovery in only 24%. Predictors of syndromic recovery included shorter duration of illness and full treatment compliance. Medication treatment compliance was inversely associated with the presence of comorbid substance use disorders. Symptomatic and functional recovery occurred more rapidly and in a greater percentage of patients from higher social classes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minority of patients with bipolar disorder achieved a favorable outcome in the year following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. Shorter duration of illness, higher social class, and treatment compliance were associated with higher rates of recovery and more rapid recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0559, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strakowski
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Sax
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haggard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs