title: Vindesine-ifosfamide-platinum (VIP) induction chemotherapy in surgically staged IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective study. Leuven Lung Cancer Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the pioneer data from the Memorial-Sloan-Kettering group, preoperative mitomycin-C-vindesine-platinum (MVP) induction chemotherapy in N2-NSCLC was accompanied with substantial pulmonary toxicity. In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of three-drug VIP induction chemotherapy, the pathologic response in resection specimens, the early survival and relapse patterns are examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1995 and March 1997, 39 consecutive patients with pathology proven N2-NSCLC were treated with three cycles of VIP induction, followed by definitive locoregional treatment (resection and mediastinal dissection or radical radiotherapy). Several patients had unfavorable prognostic characteristics with respect to clinical and biological findings, tumor location and bulk of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate to chemotherapy was 59% (95% Confidence Interval 34-75). Twenty-three responding patients had radical locoregional treatment: radical radiotherapy in four, resection in 19. Downstaging was present in nine of the 19 resection specimens, with two pathologic complete responses. The median survival time (MST) of all patients is 19 months, with a projected two-year survival of 49%. In patients responsive to chemotherapy who received definitive local treatment, the MST is not yet reached, and the projected two-year survival is 57%. Relapses were mainly distant, with isolated brain relapse as a disturbing finding. The main toxicity's were leukopenia and vomiting, but they were manageable. In contrast with MVP, no severe pulmonary toxicity occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VIP is a suitable induction regimen for N2-NSCLC, demonstrating a good activity and very acceptable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Belgium. johan.vansteenkiste@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vansteenkiste
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: De Leyn
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Deneffe
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Lievens
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Nackaerts
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Van Raemdonck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Schueren
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lerut
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Demedts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D013908:Thoracotomy
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide