title: Replacement of amino acid and protein losses with 1.1% amino acid peritoneal dialysis solution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Losses of nutrients into dialysate may contribute to malnutrition. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are reported to lose 3-4 g/day of amino acids (AAs) and 4-15 g/day of proteins. The extent to which one exchange with a 1.1% AA dialysis solution (Nutrineal, Baxter, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A.) offsets these losses was investigated in a 3-day inpatient study in 20 PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simple, open-label, cross-over study on consecutive days in a clinical research unit. On day 1 all patients were given a peritoneal equilibration test (PET). On day 2 they received 1.5% dextrose Dianeal (Baxter) as the first exchange of the day and their usual regimen thereafter. On day 3, the first exchange of the day was the 1.1% AA solution in place of 1.5% Dianeal and the usual PD regimen thereafter. On days 2 and 3 all dialysate effluent was collected and analyzed for AAs and proteins. Patients were maintained on a constant diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Losses of AAs and total proteins on day 2 were 3.4 +/- 0.9 g and 5.8 +/- 2.4 g, respectively, totaling 9.2 +/- 2.7 g. The net uptake of AAs on day 3 was 17.6 +/- 2.6 g (80 +/- 12% of the 22 g infused). Mean gains of AAs on day 3 exceeded losses of proteins and AAs on day 2, p < 0.001. Losses of total proteins, but not losses of AAs, and the net absorption of AAs from the dialysis solution were correlated directly with peritoneal membrane transport characteristics, obtained from the PET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily losses of AAs and proteins into dialysate are more than offset by gains of AAs absorbed from one exchange with 1.1% AA-based dialysis solution. Net gains of AAs exceeded losses of proteins and AAs in all patients studied. The difference was relatively constant across a wide range of membrane transport types. Net AA gains were approximately two times the total AA and protein losses.
authors.affiliation: Baxter Healthcare Renal Division, McGaw Park, Illinois 60085, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Gehr
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burkart
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Piraino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Ogrinc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolfson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D003404:Creatinine