title: Noninvasive biomagnetic imaging in coronary artery disease based on individual current density maps of the heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this paper we present an attempt at noninvasive imaging of distributed myocardial electrical activity in patients suffering from myocardial infarction and in healthy subjects. Although advances have been made, noninvasive three-dimensional imaging of cardiac electrophysiological activity is still in its infancy and extending our knowledge of cardiac electrophysiological properties may be a valuable guide in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic field mapping data formed the input for an inverse solution that is based on a multiple dipole model. The lead field normalized minimum norm least square criterion was applied to predefined myocardial source geometry. Current density distributions were calculated for the left ventricle during ventricular depolarization. Images from two patients with previous myocardial infarction were compared to images from two healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low regional and global current density was found in the infarction patients. Regions of low current density corresponded to infarcted segments. The images of the healthy subjects displayed less marked areas of low current density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed multiple dipole model may be able to distinguish viable from scarred myocardium. A prospective clinical study should be undertaken to investigate the spatial resolution and the diagnostic performance of this method.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Klinik Innere Medizin III, Jena, Germany. leder@azdak.med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Leder
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fritschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity