title: Effects of the two somatostatin variants somatostatin-14 and [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin-14 on receptor binding, adenylyl cyclase activity and growth hormone release from the frog pituitary.
abstract: Two isoforms of somatostatin from frog brain have been recently characterized, namely somatostatin-14 (SS1) and [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin-14 (SS2). The genes encoding for the precursors of these two somatostatin variants are expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved in the control of the frog pituitary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SS1 and SS2 on adenohypophysial cells. Autoradiographic studies using [125I-Tyr, D-Trp8] SS1 as a radioligand revealed that somatostatin binding sites are evenly distributed in the frog pars distalis. The SS2 variant was significantly (P < 0.01) more potent than SS1 in competing with the radioligand (IC50= 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 5.6 +/- 0.6 nM, respectively). Both SS1 and SS2 induced a modest but significant reduction in cAMP formation in dispersed distal lobe cells but did not affect spontaneous growth hormone (GH) release. Synthetic human GRF (hGRF) induced a significant increase in cAMP accumulation and GH release in this system. Both SS1 and SS2 inhibited the stimulatory effects of hGRF on cAMP formation and GH secretion. These data show that the SS1 and SS2 variants can regulate adenohypophysial functions. The fact that GH cells are exclusively located in the dorsal area of the frog adenohypophysis, while somatostatin receptors are present throughout the pars distalis, indicates that the two somatostatin isoforms may control the secretion of pituitary hormones additional to GH in amphibians.
authors.affiliation: European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jeandel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tostivint
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lihrmann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chartrel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tonon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaudry
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D011895:Rana ridibunda; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; C077350:somatostatin, Pro(2)-Met(13)-; D013004:Somatostatin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases