title: Alcohol consumption and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam eye study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated alcohol consumption as a risk factor for incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons aged 43 to 86 years in 1988 in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, were examined from 1988 through 1990 and 1993 through 1995, n = 3684. The presence and severity of ARM at both examinations were determined from gradings of stereoscopic fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Classification System. Alcohol consumption was determined by self-report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men drinking at least 78 g/week of alcohol from beer had a higher 5-year age-adjusted incidence of early ARM (10.6%) than did men who did not drink beer (6.9%), but the test for trend was only borderline significant (P = 0.08). However, incidence of soft indistinct drusen (P = 0.01), increased drusen area (P < 0.01), and confluent drusen (P = 0.02) are all associated with beer drinking in men. Increased retinal pigment and retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation are not associated with beer drinking in men or women nor are any lesions associated with total alcohol consumption or consumption from liquor or wine in either men or women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for an association of beer drinking with retinal drusen in men, consumption of alcoholic beverages is not likely to be an important risk factor for incidence of ARM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53705-2397, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Meuer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology