title: Levodopa improves motor function without impairing cognition in mild non-demented Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinson Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine the effects of short-term levodopa administration on motor, cognitive, and psychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The effects of levodopa on mental processes in PD are controversial. Opinions range from the claim that levodopa improves cognition to the opposite view that levodopa causes or exacerbates dementia, delusions, and hallucinations. Of the 800 idiopathic PD patients enrolled in the original DATATOP study, 387 reached the end point of functional disabilities sufficiently severe to require levodopa treatment. There were 263 men and 124 women who were comparable with regard to age, symptom duration of PD, and measures of PD severity. We compared test scores on motor performance, cognitive function, and psychiatric status before levodopa and again within 6 months after initiation of levodopa therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levodopa administration improved all motor functions significantly. The improvement was significantly greater in women than in men. Levodopa administration did not worsen scores on any cognitive tests, and there were quantitatively small but significant improvements in tests of frontal lobe function. Levodopa exerted only minor effects on psychiatric measures. There were small but significant decreases in scores for depression, and increases in vivid dreams and hallucinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levodopa administration for up to 6 months in dosages sufficient to improve motor function has only small effects on cognitive function and psychiatric status in mild to moderate PD patients. We conclude that motor symptoms in early PD, which result from dopamine depletion, are dissociable from cognitive functions and psychiatric status, which may be more dependent on nondopaminergic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Growdon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kieburtz
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panisset
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003704:Dementia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa