title: Severity and persistence of footrot in Merino sheep experimentally infected with a protease thermostable strain of Dichelobacter nodosus at five sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that ovine footrot associated with a thermostable protease strain of Dichelobacter nodosus undergoes self cure or is sustained as an annually recurring disease, depending on the environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Merino sheep from a single blood line were infected with a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus at each of five sites in Western Australia. Footrot lesions and microscopic evidence of D nodosus were recorded every fortnight for 2.5 years, supplemented by laboratory culture. Rainfall, soil and air temperature, pasture quantity and composition and soil types were also recorded. Flocks that apparently self cured were relocated to a more favourable site for footrot in the final spring season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum prevalence of feet with clinical footrot lesions was 80.6, 1.3, 14.4, 3.8 and 88.1% at the five sites. Severe footrot occurred for three consecutive spring seasons at one site that had clay loam soil and at least 3500 kg/ha total pasture dry matter annually. However, the infection was asymptomatic for up to 10 weeks between outbreaks. D nodosus was isolated from flocks for 2.5 years at only two sites, although there was microscopic evidence of the organism at other sites in the final year. A thermolabile variant (strain U6) of D nodosus was isolated from the two sites where footrot persisted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depending on time and location, ovine footrot induced by a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus either self cured or persisted as annual outbreaks interspersed with periods of asymptomatic infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Bunbury, Western Australia.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Depiazzi
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pitman
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Mcquade
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Jelinek
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Devereaux
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rippon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002980:Climate; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005535:Foot Rot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D014774:Virulence; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D010450:Endopeptidases