title: Effect of enalapril on endothelial function in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether 6 months of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril can improve conduit artery endothelial function in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherogenesis and has been demonstrated in young subjects with IDDM. ACE inhibitors have been shown to enhance conduit artery endothelial function in animal experiments and in patients with established coronary atherosclerosis, although their effect in IDDM is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one subjects (mean age 30.9 years, range 18 to 44) with stable IDDM but no clinical evidence of vascular disease were randomized to receive enalapril (20 mg once daily) (46 subjects) or placebo (45 subjects) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), an endothelium-dependent stimulus, and response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), which acts directly on vascular smooth muscle, were assessed noninvasively by means of high resolution external vascular ultrasound at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FMD was inversely correlated with total cholesterol (r=0.22, p=0.041) but not with any diabetic variables. Treatment with enalapril had no significant effect on FMD (p=0.67) or response to the endothelial-independent dilator GTN (p=0.45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that impairment of endothelial-dependent dilation in young subjects with IDDM is not improved by treatment with the ACE inhibitor enalapril. This lack of improvement may reflect the complex nature of vascular disease in IDDM, which can affect both endothelial and smooth muscle function.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Donald
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Powe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deanfield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril