title: Regional ischemia and ischemic injury in patients with acute middle cerebral artery stroke as defined by early diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to map early regional ischemia and infarction in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke and compare them with final infarct size using advanced MRI techniques. MRI can now delineate very early infarction by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and abnormal tissue perfusion by perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients seen within 12 hours of onset of MCA stroke had MR angiography, standard MRI, and PWI and DWI MRI. PWI maps were generated by analysis of the passage of intravenous contrast bolus through the brain. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) was determined after quantitative analysis of PWI data. Volumes of the initial DWI and PWI lesion were calculated and compared with a final infarct volume from a follow-up imaging study (CT scan or MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 (10 patients) had MCA stem (M1) occlusion by MR angiography. DWI lesion volumes were smaller than the volumes of CBV abnormality. In 7 patients the final stroke volume was larger or the same, and in 3 it was smaller than the initial CBV lesion. Group 2 (7 patients) had an open M1 on MR angiography with distal MCA stroke. In 6 group 2 patients, the initial DWI lesion matched the initial CBV abnormality and the final infarct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with M1 occlusion showed progression of infarction into the region of abnormal perfusion. In contrast, patients with open M1 had strokes consistent with distal branch occlusion and had maximal extent of injury on DWI at initial presentation. Application of these MRI techniques should improve definition of different acute stroke syndromes and facilitate clinical decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. rordorf@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rordorf
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koroshetz
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Copen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Budzik
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schwamm
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buonanno
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology