title: Collagen/apatite coating on 3-dimensional carbon/carbon composite.
abstract: A three-dimensional carbon/carbon composite (3D C/C) was studied as potential bone-repairing material; its major mechanical properties were found to be closer to those of human bone than other common bone-repairing materials available. In vitro calcification tests revealed that as-received 3D C/C is almost bioinert in simulated body fluid (SBF) over an immersion period of 4 weeks. To improve the bioactivity of 3D C/C, surface modification was accomplished through two practical routes: (1) grafting with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (2) phosphorylation and precalcification. After grafting with alpha, omega di(aminopropyl) polyethylene glycol 800 (NH2-PEG-NH2), a continuous layer of calcium phosphate was formed on the surface of 3D C/C in SBF after 4 weeks. Phosphorylated 3D C/C samples have the ability to induce apatite precipitation after precalcification in a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution for 1 week. To speed up the coating process, a calcification solution with collagen was developed in which a collagen/apatite coating layer can be formed on 3D C/C in 9 h in ambient conditions.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Group, University of Leiden, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Li@RULLF2.Medfac.LeidenUniv.NL
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Wijn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003188:Composite Resins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003094:Collagen