title: Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist do not affect glutamate release or calcium entry in rat striatal synaptosomes.
abstract: The cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) has been implicated in various forms of neurodegeneration, and several lines of evidence indicate that it also modulates synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate results in cell death and probably mediates many neurodegenerative conditions. We set out to test the hypothesis that involvement of IL-1 beta in neurodegeneration results in some interaction with excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic transmission in the rat striatum, either by modifying glutamate release or actions. Presynaptic effects of IL-1 beta and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on glutamate release and calcium entry were investigated in isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) prepared from the striatum. In order to evaluate the involvement of IL-1 in neuronal damage caused by glutamate receptor over-activation, the effect of IL-1ra was studied on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor-mediated brain damage in the rat striatum and cortex in vivo. Neither rat recombinant IL-1 beta (rrIL-1 beta: 0.01-2 nM) or human recombinant IL-1ra (hrIL-1ra: 0.2 microM) had any significant effect on the KCl-evoked glutamate efflux or calcium entry in striatal synaptosomes, indicating that their actions are unlikely to be presynaptic. In contrast, intrastriatal infusion of hrIL-1ra markedly inhibited (by 43-46%, P < 0.05) neuronal damage caused by striatal NMDA or AMPA receptor activation in the rat in vivo, whereas no effect was seen on damage induced in the cortex. Thus, our data suggest that IL-1 beta and IL-1ra influence neuronal damage in the striatum by acting to modify events that occur after excitatory amino acid receptor activation.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. stuart.allan@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rothwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D005971:Glutamates; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009498:Neurotoxins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C066302:2,4-methanoglutamate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D002118:Calcium