title: Measurement of damage in 210 Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship with disease duration.
abstract: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index is a validated instrument specifically designed to ascertain damage in SLE; this instrument has been applied mainly to Caucasians and African-American SLE patients. The objective of this study was to assess damage using the SLICC/ACR Damage Index in Mexican SLE patients. The SLICC/ACR Damage Index was applied to 210 consecutive SLE patients with disease of variable duration. The SLICC/ACR Damage Index was assessed by review of hospital clinical records, interview and physical examination. One hundred and seventeen (55.5%) patients had some damage. The proportion of patients with damage increased significantly with disease duration (33% at 1-60 months, 66% at 61-120 months and 70% at > or = 121 months, P < 0.001). The main organ systems involved were musculoskeletal (osteonecrosis), neuropsychiatric (neuropathy, seizures), gonadal (amenorrhea prior to age 40 years), ocular (cataracts), renal (glomerular filtration < 50%) and peripheral vascular (permanent damage by venous thrombosis). Damage was frequent, increased over time, particularly for ocular, renal, musculoskeletal and gonadal. Patients who experienced damage were older, had a longer disease duration, a greater number of ACR criteria at diagnosis, and were more likely to have renal involvement and antibodies to dsDNA. The damage occurred in many different domains and started to develop early after disease onset. Mexican patients had more peripheral vascular and gonadal involvement compared with published data from non-Hispanic SLE populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zonana-Nacach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camargo-Coronel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Sánchez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jímenez-Balderas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aceves-Avila
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez-Osuna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraga
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors