title: Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical antifungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy: analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome.
abstract: Forty-one episodes of breakthrough fungaemia occurring over a 7.5 year period in the National and St Elizabeth's Cancer Institutes in Bratislava, Slovakia, were analysed. Five of them occurred during prophylaxis with fluconazole (one Torulopsis glabrata, one Hansenula anomala, two Candida krusei and one Candida parapsilosis), ten with itraconazole (three Trichosporon pullulans, one Trichosporon beigelii, one Cryptococcus laurentii, three Candida albicans and two T. glabrata), 11 during prophylaxis with ketoconazole (one Candida norvegenesis, one C. parapsilosis, one C. krusei, one Candida tropicalis, five C. albicans, one Candida stellatoidea and one C. laurentii and 15 during empirical therapy with amphotericin B (ten C. albicans, two T. beigelii and three Candida lusitaniae). The most frequent risk factors for breakthrough fungaemia were neutropenia, previous therapy with multiple antibiotics and recent catheter insertion. Comparing these episodes with 38 non-breakthrough fungaemias (appearing at the same institute in the same period) differences in certain risk factors were noted: breakthrough fungaemias were more frequently observed in patients with acute leukaemia (39.0% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001), mucositis (34.2% vs 13.1%, P < 0.05), prophylaxis with quinolones (58.5% vs 15.8%, P < 0.0001) and catheter-associated infections (29.3% vs 2.6%, P < 0.003). In this subgroup overall mortality (36.6% vs 28.8%) or early attributable mortality (22.0% vs 23.6%) were not significantly different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Trnava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krcmery
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oravcova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spanik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrazova-Studena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trupl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunova
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stopkova-Grey
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kukuckova
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krupova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demitrovicova
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kralovicova
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016469:Fungemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010843:Pichia / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole