title: Unusual complications of the vacuum erection device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vacuum erection device (VED) is usually well tolerated and very effective for patients with erectile dysfunction. When used correctly, VEDs carry low morbidity and few recognized complications. We report on 5 patients who developed unusual complications associated with VED use, including two previously unreported complications of urethral bleeding and capture of scrotal tunica within the penile shaft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient 1: a 38-year-old diabetic man with significant peripheral neuropathy and an 8-year history of erectile dysfunction developed penile skin necrosis at the ring site after leaving the penile ring on for an excessive length of time (6 hours). Patient 2: a 76-year-old diabetic man who used a VED correctly for 3 months developed severe urethral bleeding. Patient 3: a 75-year-old diabetic man who enjoyed satisfactory erections with a VED for 14 months developed a 3 x 3-cm penile cystic mass located on the proximal right side of the penile shaft. This mass was not present in the flaccid state and was seen only with VED use. Patient 4: a 65-year-old man developed Peyronie's disease after 4 years of correct VED use. Patient 5: a 62-year-old man with neurogenic impotence following a radical prostatectomy developed penile ecchymoses acutely following placement of a smaller constriction ring. He subsequently developed a dorsal penile plaque with mild dorsal curvature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient 1 did well with local skin care and no longer uses a VED. Patient 2 underwent cystoscopy and was found to have prominent urethral vessels (varicosities) in the midurethra, compared with a normal cystoscopy 9 months previously. This patient no longer uses a VED and now denies any urethral bleeding at 15-month follow-up. Patient 3 underwent corpora cavernosography and contrast injection of the cystic mass. These radiographic studies showed that the mass did not communicate with either corpora cavernosa or the corpus spongiosum. A retrograde urethrogram failed to show a urethral diverticulum. The patient was surgically explored, and the penile cystic mass was found to be scrotal tunica vaginalis. Subsequently, a hydrocele repair was performed, yet postoperatively the patient developed testicular migration into the ipsilateral penile shaft. Testicular fixation was not feasible secondary to a childhood herniorrhaphy, and an orchiectomy was performed. Patient 4 underwent implantation of a penile prosthesis and is doing well at 3-year follow-up. Patient 5 experiences mild dorsal penile curvature with erections induced by transurethral prostaglandin E1. The penile curvature does not interfere with intercourse and will be managed conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe unusual side effects associated with VEDs. Although thousands of men use VEDs successfully and without morbidity, the urologist must be aware of unusual complications associated with VED use.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7235, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ganem
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lucey
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Janosko
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000009:adverse effects; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014618:Vacuum