title: Supersaturation and stone composition in a network of dispersed treatment sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the validity of urine supersaturation assessed from 2, 24-hour urine collections from outpatients eating uncontrolled diets and receiving care at a network of treatment sites that uses a central laboratory. We compared supersaturation to stone composition to determine whether supersaturation values correlate with composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two 24-hour urine samples collected from 183 patients at 6 treatment sites were shipped to a single central laboratory. Complexations and crystallizations in vitro from aging during the transport step were interrupted by pH change in acid and alkaline directions. Relevant analytes were measured, and supersaturation was calculated for calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate as brushite and uric acid. Stone analysis was done at various laboratories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urine supersaturation values correlated well with stone composition. Higher calcium phosphate and uric acid supersaturation was noted when stones contained higher amounts of calcium phosphate and any uric acid, respectively. In a validation study values of relevant urine materials were unchanged after 48 hours of aging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the need for sample transport, resulting in the inevitable aging of samples, and variations in diet and details of sample collection, supersaturation values measured in only 2, 24-hour urine collections accurately reflected stone composition. This finding indicates that supersaturation values are reasonably stable in most patients during the months to years required for stones to form. In addition, samples collected in standard practice settings and sent to a central laboratory may accurately reflect these supersaturation values.
authors.affiliation: Renal Section, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asplin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lingeman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kahnoski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mardis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coe
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000652:urine; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D003460:Crystallization; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous