title: Immunosuppressant neurotoxicity in liver transplant recipients. Clinical challenges for the consultation-liaison psychiatrist.
abstract: Neuropsychiatric problems are common among liver transplant recipients, and immunosuppressant neurotoxicity is an important etiologic factor in the posttransplant period. Four typical cases of immunosuppressant neurotoxicity are presented from the clinical experience of the University of California, Los Angeles-Dumont Liver Transplant program. All patients presented with acute behavioral symptoms and received urgent psychiatric consultation; each proved to be suffering from a variant of immunosuppressive-related neurotoxicity. Correlative neuroimaging studies and descriptions of clinical course are included. Psychiatrists are urged to become familiar with the signs, symptoms, differential diagnosis, neuroimaging findings, and management of immunosuppressive neurotoxicity and secondary psychiatric disorders in solid organ recipients.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)-Dumont/Cedars-Sinai Combined Liver Transplant Program, USA. tstrouse@csccc.salick.com
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Strouse
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: el-Saden
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonds
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ayars
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busuttil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019575:Blindness, Cortical / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011570:Psychiatry; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine