title: Morbidity differences by occupational class among men in seven European countries: an application of the Erikson-Goldthorpe social class scheme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper describes morbidity differences according to occupational class among men from France, Switzerland, (West) Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from national health interview surveys or similar surveys between 1986 and 1992. Four morbidity indicators were included. For each country, individual-level data on occupation were recorded according to one standard occupational class scheme: the Erikson-Goldthorpe social class scheme. To describe the pattern of morbidity by occupational class, odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each class using the average of the population as a reference. The size of morbidity differences was summarized by the OR of two broad hierarchical classes. All OR were age-adjusted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all countries, a lower than average prevalence of morbidity was found for higher and lower administrators and professionals as well as for routine nonmanual workers, whereas a higher than average prevalence was found for skilled and unskilled manual workers and agricultural workers. Self-employed men were in general healthier than the average population. The relative health of farmers differed between countries. The morbidity difference between manual workers and the class of administrators and professionals was approximately equally large in all countries. Consistently larger inequality estimates, with no or slightly overlapping confidence intervals, were only found for Sweden in comparison with Germany.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thanks to the use of a common social class scheme in each country, a high degree of comparability was achieved. The results suggest that morbidity differences according to occupational class among men are very similar between different European countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cavelaars
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunst
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Helmert
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mielck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spuhler
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mackenbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends*; D009790:Occupations / Q000639:trends*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012923:Social Class