title: ATP inhibition and rectification of a Ca2+-activated anion channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle.
abstract: We describe ATP-dependent inhibition of the 75-105-pS (in 250 mM Cl-) anion channel (SCl) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit skeletal muscle. In addition to activation by Ca2+ and voltage, inhibition by ATP provides a further mechanism for regulating SCl channel activity in vivo. Inhibition by the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) ruled out a phosphorylation mechanism. Cytoplasmic ATP (approximately 1 mM) inhibited only when Cl- flowed from cytoplasm to lumen, regardless of membrane voltage. Flux in the opposite direction was not inhibited by 9 mM ATP. Thus ATP causes true, current rectification in SCl channels. Inhibition by cytoplasmic ATP was also voltage dependent, having a K(I) of 0.4-1 mM at -40 mV (Hill coefficient approximately 2), which increased at more negative potentials. Luminal ATP inhibited with a K(I) of approximately 2 mM at +40 mV, and showed no block at negative voltages. Hidden Markov model analysis revealed that ATP inhibition 1) reduced mean open times without altering the maximum channel amplitude, 2) was mediated by a novel, single, voltage-independent closed state (approximately 1 ms), and 3) was much less potent on lower conductance substates than the higher conductance states. Therefore, the SCl channel is unlikely to pass Cl- from cytoplasm to SR lumen in vivo, and balance electrogenic Ca2+ uptake as previously suggested. Possible roles for the SCl channel in the transport of other anions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra ACT. gahern@facstaff.wisc.edu
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Laver
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008956:Models, Chemical; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium