title: Percutaneous diagnostic peritoneal lavage using a Veress needle versus an open technique: a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare the speed, sensitivity, complications, and technical failures of percutaneous diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) using a Veress needle versus open DPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-six blunt trauma patients requiring DPL were prospectively randomized to undergo either open DPL using a standard technique or percutaneous DPL using an 18-gauge Veress needle to penetrate the peritoneal cavity, with the lavage catheter then being inserted over a guide wire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time to successful placement of the lavage catheter for the percutaneous Veress needle technique was 2.73 minutes versus 7.28 minutes for the open DPL technique (p < 0.001). Sixteen percent of open lavage procedures took more than 11 minutes; the majority (60%) of Veress needle lavage procedures took less than 2 minutes. There were no false-negative findings in either group, and there was one false-positive result in each group. A wound infection after an open DPL was the only complication. Poor return of lavage fluid (<200 mL) accounted for most technical failures; this was more prevalent with the percutaneous method (11.2%) than with the open technique (3.8%) (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percutaneous DPL method using a Veress needle is significantly faster than the open DPL method. The Veress needle lavage was as safe and as sensitive as the open lavage; however, technical failure occurred more frequently with the Veress needle lavage than with the open DPL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Health System, Sacramento 95817-2214, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Battistella
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Whetzel
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Stokes
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D017211:Treatment Failure