Testing of chelating agents and vitamins against lead toxicity using mammalian cell cultures.
Mammalian cell cultures were used to determine the capacity of antidotes to modify (a) lead uptake, (b) lead toxicity and (c) lead release from cells. The following chelating agents were tested: Na, Ca-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), nitriloacetic acid, ethylene glycol-bis(aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid (EGTA), D,L-mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA), meso-2,3-dimercaptopropanesuccinic acid (MSA), D,L-2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS), penicillamine (PA), N-acetylpenicillamine (NAPA), and diethylcarbodithioate (DDTC). The following vitamins were tested: thiamine (B1), riboflavine (B2), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12) and ascorbic acid (C). Inhibition of lead uptake was produced by EDTA, EGTA, DMSA, DMPS, MSA, PA, NAPA and vitamins B1, B6 and C, vitamins B2 and B12 being ineffective. The same compounds reduced lead cytotoxicity. Interestingly DDTC and DTPA increased lead uptake, but did not exacerbate lead toxicity. Significant release of lead from preloaded cells was caused by DTPA, NAPA, DMPS and PA, while the other chelators were ineffective.
Fischer
A B
AB
Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Hess
C
C
Neubauer
T
T
Eikmann
T
T
D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006224:Cricetinae; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013831:Thiamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D002614:Chelating Agents; D014815:Vitamins; C010005:N-acetylpenicillamine; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D010396:Penicillamine; D011736:Pyridoxine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D013831:Thiamine