title: Polymerase chain reaction detection of melanoma cells in the circulation: relation to clinical stage, surgical treatment, and recurrence from melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The detection of melanoma cells in the circulation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays has been shown by several investigators to correlate with the stage of the disease and possibly with prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed prospective studies on 276 patients with primary melanoma and regional lymph node (LN) metastases to assess the predictive value of PCR detection of tyrosinase and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1 (MART-1) in the blood for recurrence of melanoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR tests for gp 100, Muc-18, and p97 reacted with RNA in blood from healthy subjects and were considered unsuitable for patient monitoring. The tests were most frequently positive in the first 3 months after surgery. There were 47 recurrences in 123 patients who had been followed up for 18 months. Assays within 3 months of surgery predicted recurrence from melanoma in 66% of the latter (tests for tyrosinase alone detected 51% and MART-1 alone 21% of the patients). Hence, 34% of recurrences were not predicted by tests in the early postoperative period. This did not appear to be because of marker-negative melanoma because summation of tests over the first year identified 89% of those with recurrent disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive tests were recorded in 35% of patients who remained disease free, but it is too early to assess whether these represent false-positive results. The false-negative results raise the question of whether the assays will provide a reliable basis for selection of patients for adjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Oncology and Immunology Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hersey
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D051929:CD146 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051929:CD146 Antigen; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; C548637:PMEL protein, human; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase