title: Awakening propofol concentration with and without blood-effect site equilibration after short-term and long-term administration of propofol and fentanyl anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The propofol awakening concentration can vary. However, the effect site awakening propofol concentration will be a fixed value. The purpose of this study was to determine the awakening propofol concentrations obtained from infusion Schede using abrupt discontinuation of propofol (half-maximal effective concentration [EC50]) or a descending decrease in concentration to allow blood-effect site equilibration (EC50eq).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing short-term (group 1) and long-term (group 2) elective surgery were anesthetized with computer-assisted continuous infusion of propofol and fentanyl, with both groups receiving the same propofol (3 microg/ml) and fentanyl (1 ng/ml) concentrations 20-30 min before the end of surgery until the end. Then both groups were further divided into two subgroups: subgroup A abrupt discontinuation, and subgroup B descending concentrations of propofol (15-min duration per concentration). In the A subgroups, the response to verbal command was evaluated every 30 s. In the B subgroups, the blood propofol concentrations just permitting and just preventing response to command were averaged individually. The EC50 and EC50eq values were determined by probit analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EC50 of group 1A was 1 microg/ml, which was significantly less than the 1.6 microg/ml of group 2A (P < 0.05). The awakening time of group 1A was 5.2 +/- 1.8 min, which was significantly shorter than the 9.3 +/- 3.5 min of group 2A (means +/- SD). The EC50eq of both groups 1B and 2B was 2.2 microg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EC50eq was independent of propofol infusion length, compared with the EC50. Thus the potential for hysteresis during emergence from propofol anesthesia was confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanjo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003201:Computers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol