title: Ecological constraints on the ability of precision agriculture to improve the environmental performance of agricultural production systems.
abstract: In this paper, I address three topics relevant to the ability of precision agriculture to improve the environmental performance of agricultural production systems. First, I describe the fundamental ecological factors that influence the environmental performance of these systems and address how precision agriculture practices can or cannot interact with these factors. Second, I review the magnitude of the ecological processes that we hope to manage with precision agriculture relative to agricultural inputs to determine whether managing these processes can significantly affect system environmental performance. Finally, I address scale incongruencies between ecological processes and precision agriculture techniques that could limit the ability of these techniques to manage variability in these processes. The analysis suggests that there are significant ecological constraints on the ability of precision agriculture techniques to improve the environmental performance of agricultural production systems. The primary constraint is that these techniques do not address many of the key factors that cause poor environmental performance in these systems. Further, the magnitude of the ecological processes that we hope to manage with precision agriculture are quite small relative to agricultural inputs and, finally, these processes vary on scales that are incongruent with precision management techniques.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Groffman
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment