title: Knotted ureteral stent: a minimally invasive technique for removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a useful technique for untying a knotted ureteral catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Amplatz super stiff guide wire was advanced through the lumen of the stent and with uniform force the knot was untied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The knot was untied and the stent was removed. A nephrostomy tube or other more invasive techniques for removal were avoided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An Amplatz super stiff guide wire passed retrograde via the ureteral stent lumen should be considered as a valid alternative to percutaneous removal of a knotted ureteral stent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, California, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Juriansz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hadley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014513:Ureter; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization