title: Prior fluconazole exposure as an independent risk factor for fluconazole resistant candidosis in HIV positive patients: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if prior fluconazole exposure was an independent risk factor for fluconazole resistant candidosis in HIV positive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty five HIV positive cases with fluconazole resistant oral candidosis were matched by CD4 lymphocyte count and time since first episode of candidosis to 25 HIV positive controls with susceptible candidosis. For each individual a history of prior azole prophylaxis was compiled from computerised pharmacy records and review of case notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total days of prior azole therapy prescribed was significantly greater for cases than controls. These differences were attributable to prescriptions for secondary prophylaxis against recurrent candidosis, the cases having received significantly longer continuous azole prophylaxis than controls, with no difference in days of prior azole therapy remaining between the two groups if prophylactic prescriptions were excluded. The total cumulative dose of fluconazole received was significantly higher for cases than controls, though mean daily fluconazole doses did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even after controlling for degree of immunosuppression and duration of recurrent candidosis, the association between prior azole exposure and fluconazole resistant candidosis remains significant and largely reflects differences in the prescription of secondary antifungal prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV and GU Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Health Care Trust, London.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cartledge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole