title: Renal artery stenosis and accessory renal arteries: accuracy of detection and visualization with gadolinium-enhanced breath-hold MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced breath-hold magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and visualization of accessory renal arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients suspected of having renal artery stenosis and 10 potential kidney donors, all of whom were scheduled to undergo elective intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA), were studied. Three-dimensional gradient-echo gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography was performed at 1.5 T with the following parameters: repetition time, 13.5 msec; echo time, 3.5 msec; flip angle, 60 degrees; 195 x 512 matrix; 400-mm field of view; and 6-cm imaging volume consisting of 15 4-mm-thick partitions reconstructed every 2 mm. Gadopentetate dimeglumine (30 mL) was injected with a power injector. MR angiograms were assessed before the standard of reference, intraarterial DSA, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four MR angiograms were not evaluable because of poor image quality. MR angiography enabled visualization of all but one of the 121 arteries. In four small accessory arteries, a stenosis could not be excluded owing to inadequate spatial resolution. MR angiography enabled the correct diagnosis in 30 of the 31 arteries with a grade 2 (50%-99%) stenosis and in seven of the 10 occluded arteries. Sensitivity and specificity for correct identification of a grade 2 stenosis were 97% and 92%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography is an accurate, minimally invasive method for detecting renal artery stenosis and is reliable for visualizing accessory renal arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Beek
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Beutler
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hene
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: de Kort
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA