title: Drug evaluation of concurrent Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium avium complex infections in a rat model.
abstract: We present a new experimental model for the simultaneous evaluation of the activities of drugs against Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium avium complex infections. Rats latently infected with P. carinii were challenged with the MO-1 strain of M. avium and then immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 7 weeks. At week 5 the RH strain of T. gondii was intraperitoneally injected. Organs were examined for the three pathogens after death or killing of the animals at week 7. Without treatment, rats challenged with T. gondii died with pulmonary P. carinii infection and disseminated T. gondii and M. avium infections. In order to assess the value of the model for evaluation of the activities of drugs, we administered by oral gavage for 7 weeks drugs or combinations of drugs selected for their individual efficacies against at least one pathogen. We found that clarithromycin with sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin with atovaquone, roxithromycin with sulfamethoxazole or dapsone, and rifabutin with atovaquone were effective against the three infections, whereas PS-15 with dapsone and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole were active against Toxoplasma and Pneumocystis infections only. This triple-infection rat model offers a new tool for the simultaneous evaluation of the activities of drugs against three of the major opportunistic infections occurring in immunosuppressed individuals.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 13 Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France. u13bcb@magic.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brun-Pascaud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan-Levasseur
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garry
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Derouin
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000187:drug effects*; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents