title: Young children's adjustment to chronic family adversity: a longitudinal study of low-income families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the relation between multiple family stressors and young children's adjustment problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal data were collected on 300 low-income, ethnically diverse, male subjects beginning during infancy and followed until age 31/2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  General support was found for the family stressor hypothesis. Stressor groups at 18 and 24 months predicted Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing and Internalizing factors at 24 and 42 months, including clinically elevated problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm and extend previous investigation of the family stressor hypothesis. They suggest that psychological evaluations of young children need to be ecologically based, including intra- and extrafamilial factors that appear to cumulatively increase risk of behavior problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260-0001, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors