title: The internal bony architecture of the sacrum.
abstract: METHODS
  Radiographic and direct quantitative measurements were made of the cortical and the trabecular anatomy of the sacrum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the trabecular patterns and the cortical thickness of the sacrum.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The sacrum is a frequent site of internal fixation. In previous anatomic studies, investigators have focused on specific dimensional measurements of the sacrum, whereas others have described the anatomic course of the anterior sacral neurovascular or visceral structures. Computed tomographic imaging also has been used to quantify the sacral trabecular bone density. The internal architecture of the sacrum has yet to be described in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen cadaveric sacra were studied by computed tomographic imaging and then were sectioned at 3-mm intervals in the axial or sagittal plane. The cortical thickness of each section was measured under microscopic visualization. The sections were radiographed with high-resolution imaging to delineate their trabecular patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trabecular bone was densest adjacent to the endplates. The sacral body trabeculae were arranged in a cruciate pattern, and bony atrophy occurred in a systematic fashion. An alar void was a consistent finding in all specimens with definable boundaries. The cortical thickness was uniform throughout the surface of each specimen. The computed tomographic images correlated with the anatomy observed in the cadaveric sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The internal bony architecture of the sacrum has several consistent features. The relatively uniform cortical thickness seen in each sacral specimen may have clinical significance in the internal fixation of this region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peretz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hipp
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heggeness
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012447:Sacrum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed