title: The metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline affects Schistosoma mansoni motor activity, egg laying and viability.
abstract: The Zn(2+)-chelating metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline (phenanthroline, 5-150 microM) elicited dose-dependent contraction of the longitudinal and circular (transverse) musculature of adult male schistosomes. At the same concentrations, phenanthroline did not cause contraction of dispersed individual muscle fibres. The phenanthroline-induced contractions were reduced by the inclusion of 100 or 300 microM Zn2+ in the extracellular medium. Phenanthroline (0.5-150 microM) also inhibited the egg production of adult worm pairs in vitro, with a 98% reduction at 50 microM. When worm pairs were exposed to phenanthroline, the males detached from the dish and released the females, resulting in unpaired worms. At the higher concentrations (50 and 150 microM), the worms were killed in vitro. Worm burdens were reduced by over 50% in infected mice injected with phenanthroline (20 mg/kg/day for 4 days), but twice the dose resulted in only a 25% reduction. Phenanthroline injections also induced an hepatic shift and an unpairing of adult worms in infected mice, and the female worms appeared degenerate and lacked gut pigmentation. Mice fed a diet containing 0.3% phenanthroline received significant protection from infection when challenged with schistosome cercaria, where phenanthroline-fed mice had 94% fewer adult worms than control mice. The broad range of phenanthroline effects on schistosomes suggests broad and important functions for metalloproteases in these worms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. dayt@pilot.msu.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010618:Phenanthrolines; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012556:Schistosomicides; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C025205:1,10-phenanthroline