title: Debriefing of American Red Cross personnel: pilot study on participants' evaluations and case examples from the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake relief operation.
abstract: The Multiple Stressor Debriefing (MSD) model was used to debrief 112 American Red Cross workers individually or in groups after their participation in the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake relief effort. Two composite case examples are presented that illustrate individual and group debriefings using the MSD model. A questionnaire which evaluated workers' experience of debriefing, was completed by 95 workers. Results indicated that workers evaluated the debriefings in which they participated positively. In addition, as participant to facilitator ratio increased, workers shared less of their feelings and reactions about the disaster relief operation. These findings, as well as more specific issues about debriefing, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zatzick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Metzler
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marmar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ronfeldt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roepke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000379:methods; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012011:Red Cross; D012066:Relief Work; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D012947:Social Work / Q000379:methods; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000517:prevention & control*