title: The relationship of tinnitus to craniocervical mandibular disorders.
abstract: Patients with craniocervical mandibular (TMD) disorders can present with tinnitus as a primary or secondary complaint. The embryology and functional anatomy of the middle ear, temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication and associated tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics was found to be helpful in establishing etiologic concepts which relate tinnitus to these temporomandibular disorders. In addition to etiologic concepts, treatment modalities are described. The authors relate their experiences as well as those of others with different patient populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Tufts University of College of Dental Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gelb
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gelb
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000150:complications; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation