title: Decreased incidence of complications in parturients with the arrow (FlexTip Plus) epidural catheter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence of complications during placement of Arrow (FlexTip Plus) and Concord/Portex epidural catheters in parturients receiving continuous epidural analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred parturients requesting continuous epidural analgesia were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive either the Arrow (FlexTip Plus) or the Portex epidural catheter. The incidences of paresthesiae, inadvertent venous cannulation and inability to thread the catheter into the epidural space were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 222 attempts at epidural placement occurred in the parturients enrolled. The Arrow catheter displayed a lower incidence of paresthesiae (3/112 vs 39/110, P < 0.0001) and venous cannulation (0/112 vs 11/110, P = 0.0007) than did the Portex catheter. The Portex catheter demonstrated a tendency towards increased inability to be advanced into the epidural space (5/110 vs 0/112, P = 0.057) in comparison to the Arrow catheter. When a Portex catheter would not advance into the epidural space (n = 5), an Arrow catheter was threaded successfully in all five cases without the need to reposition the Tuohy needle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with a less flexible catheter, the Arrow decreases the incidence of transient paresthesiae and inadvertent venous cannulation, while improving the ability to thread the catheter into the epidural space. Intravascular injection, transarachnoid migration, and the rare occurrence of epidural haematoma may be further reduced with the use of flexible, soft-tip catheters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Banwell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morley-Forster
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies