title: [Intra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the treatment of complex lithiasis of the bile ducts. Comparison of endoscopic techniques and long-term results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  About 2% of common bile duct stones and most intra-hepatic stones cannot be removed by conventional endoscopy. Intra-corporeal lithotripsy is an alternative technique for these patients. Contact lithotripsy can be obtained by a pulsed dye laser or by electro-hydraulic shockwaves. We compared and assessed the results of these two methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients (79 +/- 9.8 years, 25 women and 12 men) underwent laser lithotripsy (n = 21), electro-hydraulic lithotripsy (n = 9) or both methods consecutively (n = 7) for common bile duct stones (n = 31), intra-hepatic stones (n = 3) or diffuse lithiasis (n = 3). The mean diameter of the largest stone was 23 +/- 12 mm. Lithotripsy was performed by a retrograde approach in 35 cases and a combined, retrograde and transhepatic approach in 2 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of lithotripsy sessions was 1.5 +/- 0.65. The overall success rate (free bile ducts with patent drainage) was 95%. In 2 patients, stones were not fully extracted: one underwent surgery, the other one was treated conservatively with antibiotics. The duration of the hospital stay was 9.3 +/- 4.5 days. Morbidity at 30 days was 27% and only one case of major morbidity (hemorrhage after sphincterotomy, 2.7%) was observed. There were no procedure-related mortality. Electro-hydraulic and laser groups did not differ significantly for success rate, morbidity and time spent at hospital. Follow-up information was obtained in 34 patients (91.8%) a median of 17 months after lithotripsy (range: 4.52 months). Ten patients died of non-biliary diseases. Two patients (5.8%) developed biliary symptoms 24 and 34 months after lithotripsy, one after unsuccessful lithotripsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-corporeal lithotripsy is a valuable tool for the most complex cases of duct stones, and with an acceptable morbidity. The results of the two techniques are similar. Late biliary complications after intra-corporeal lithotripsy appear to be rare.
authors.affiliation: Service des Maladies du Foie et de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Behjou
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Choury
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frouge
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buffet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D013105:Sphincterotomy, Transduodenal; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
vernacular_title: Lithotritie intra-corporelle par ondes de choc dans le traitement des lithiases complexes des voies biliaires. Comparaison des techniques endoscopiques et résultat à distance.