title: [Preventive use of antibiotics in neonatal surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of surgical wound infection and the impact of this on the implementation of an antibiotic protocol according to the type of surgery and the prevailing endogenous flora in our neonatology unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' charts were retrospectively reviewed in order to assess the effectiveness of a protocol of surgical prophylaxis, comparing the incidence of postsurgical wound infection in two periods of time. Surgical interventions were classified according to the period of the study in which they were performed, before (period A) and after (period B) the protocol was undertaken. In addition, if the antibiotics administered fit or not those indicated in the protocol, it was classified as correct or not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31 (37%) of the interventions were performed in period A, whereas 53 (63%) were carried out in period B. No statistically significant differences were found between periods with regard to the proportion of infections 925.8% vs 15%). When prophylactic antibiotics were administered correctly, infection occurred in 10.2%, as compared to 31.4% when they did not fit the protocol (p < 0.05). The duration of the antibiotics was longer in period A, in infected wounds and when prophylaxis was not correct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correct adjustment to the protocol significantly decreases the incidence of wound infections, as well as the duration of antibiotic use. An appropriate policy of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is advantageous in terms of economic cost and might prevent antibiotic resistance and avoid unnecessary toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neonatología (Dr Belaustegui) y Cirugía Infantil, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Alba Romero
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orbea Gallardo
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramos Amador
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bustos Lozano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pertejo Muñoz
mesh_terms: D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
vernacular_title: Profilaxis antibiótica en la cirugía neonatal.