title: Restenosis of peripheral stents and stent grafts as revealed by intravascular sonography: in vivo comparison with angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to compare intravascular sonography with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the assessment of luminal dimension and morphologic features of endovascular stents and stent grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven pelvic and 24 femoral stents (12 Wall-stents; 27 covered and 22 uncovered nitinol stents) in 50 patients were evaluated 15 +/- 10 months after implantation by DSA and intravascular sonography. The degree of maximum instent restenosis as revealed by DSA and intravascular sonography was compared for each location. Morphologic features of the stents and stenoses were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravascular sonography and DSA correlated well (R2 = .96) in determining in-stent restenosis. In-stent restenosis was underestimated by 13% +/- 6% by DSA compared with intravascular sonography. Differences in determining in-stent restenosis with intravascular sonography and DSA were not associated with severity of stenosis or type of stent. Intravascular sonography revealed incomplete expansion of stents in 21 cases, whereas DSA revealed incomplete expansion of stents in seven cases. The intra- and interobserver variabilities in our study were 4% and 5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-stent restenoses are underestimated with DSA. Intravascular sonography is superior to DSA for detection of incomplete stent expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwarzenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller-Hülsbeck
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Glüer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wesner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol