title: Urolithiasis in dogs. IV: Survey of interrelations among breed, mineral composition, and anatomic location of calculi, and presence of urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compile and analyze selected data from a large number of canine urinary calculus specimens that were subjected to quantitative, layer-by-layer mineral analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  11,000 canine urinary calculus specimens: 5,781 from female dogs, 5,215 from male dogs, and 4 from dogs of unrecorded sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of the Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California were used to compile information regarding urinary calculus specimens from dogs. Records surveyed were of all canine calculi submitted for analysis between July 1981 and January 1994. Results analyzed included those of a mixed-breed group and 26 common breeds of stone-forming dogs. Interrelations of breed, sex, and age of the affected dogs, mineral composition of the specimens, and associated urinary tract infections were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportions of culture-positive specimens were significantly correlated between the sexes (r = 0.494, P = 0.008). Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated most often from either sex, ranging from 36.1% (Basset Hounds) to 67.9% (Pekingese) of cultured specimens from females and 8.7% (Chihuahuas) to 71.4% (Scottish Terriers) of specimens from males. The second most frequently isolated bacterial species, Escherichia coli, ranged from 0% in males of 2 breeds and females of 4 breeds to 25% in Cairn Terrier males and 19.4% in Basset Hound females. Streptococcus spp were the third most frequently isolated bacterial species. Significant correlations between the sexes were found for percentages of calculi located in the urinary bladder (r = 0.490, P = 0.008), and for calculi voided in the urine (r = 0.503, P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breed and sex differences in prevalence of urolithiasis- and mineral-associated bacterial infections are numerous. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common isolate from specimens from all but 3 of 54 breed/sex groupings. For either sex, streptococcal infections were significantly related to proportions of calculi passed in the urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Franti
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ruby
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013045:Species Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals