title: Serum hormone levels in relation to reproductive and lifestyle factors in postmenopausal women (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endogenous sex hormones are thought to be involved in breast and endometrial cancers, but few studies have evaluated the relationships between hormones and risk factors for these diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We related serum hormone and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels to reproductive and lifestyle risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 125 postmenopausal women in five geographic regions of the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estrogens were associated positively, while SHBG was associated negatively with body mass index (wt/ht2). Estrone, (E1), estrone sulfate, and bioavailable estradiol (BioE2) were inversely associated with height. Androstenedione was positively associated with age at menopause, while androstenedione, E1, estradiol, and BioE2 were inversely associated with age at menarche. Weekly alcohol drinkers had higher hormone levels, and lower SHBG levels than those who abstained. Androstenedione and E1 decreased with increasing levels of nonrecreational activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several of these findings support the hypothesis that breast and endometrial cancer risk factors are mediated, in part, through increased endogenous hormone levels. The androstenedione findings are of interest in light of studies relating androstenedione to endometrial and possibly breast cancer. An association of age at menarche with E2, independent of androstenedione, may reflect increased aromatase activity in women with earlier menarche.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Epidemiology & Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Madigan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troisi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Potischman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dorgan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hoover
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D001824:Body Constitution; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012098:Reproduction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D000735:Androstenedione