title: Fetal alcohol syndrome in Alaska, 1977 through 1992: an administrative prevalence derived from multiple data sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome cases and the usefulness of various data sources in surveillance were examined in Alaska to guide prevention and future surveillance efforts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen data sources in Alaska were used to identify children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Medical charts were reviewed to verify cases, and records were reviewed to provide descriptive data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal alcohol syndrome rates varied markedly by birth year and race, with the highest prevalence (4.1 per 1000 live births) found among Alaska Natives born between 1985 and 1988. Screening and referral programs to diagnostic clinics identified 70% of all recorded cases. The intervention program for children 0 to 3 years of age detected 29% of age-appropriate cases, and Medicaid data identified 11% of all cases; birth certificates detected only 9% of the age-appropriate cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate a high prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in Alaska and illustrate that reliance on any one data source would lead to underestimates of the extent of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, AK, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Egeland
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Perham-Hester
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Middaugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States; D016549:United States Indian Health Service