title: Role of impression cytology during hypovitaminosis A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the morphological damage to the ocular surface of patients operated for biliopancreatic diversion for pathological obesity and the correlation of impression cytology with vitamin A plasma levels, adaptometry, and other general variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 patients (15 males, 33 females, age range 21-73) and 34 normal subjects were examined with fluorescein and rose bengal, a plasma dose of vitamin A, and adaptometry. The results of the various tests were subdivided into three levels (0 = normal, 1 = moderately altered, 2 = seriously altered). The impression cytology and adaptometry results were correlated with vitamin A levels and other patient data (age, nutritional condition, time since operation, percentage weight loss). All the examinations were repeated after intramuscular therapy with vitamin A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneoconjunctival alterations visible with fluorescein and rose bengal staining were present in 67.7% of cases, impression cytology alterations in 93.7%, adaptometric alterations in 82.2%; vitamin A plasma levels were below normal in 95.8% of cases. After the therapy with vitamin A a significant reduction was found for every examination. The correlation between impression cytology and adaptometry and vitamin A plasma levels and between corneoconjunctival alterations and vitamin A plasma levels was significant. There was no significant correlation between impression cytology and nutritional condition, age time since operation, and percentage weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show impression cytology is a specific indicator for hypovitaminosis A because it is not influenced by other factors related to the general condition of the patient. Many patients with hypovitaminosis A not demonstrating ocular symptoms of changes visible with fluorescein and rose bengal showed alterations with impression cytology.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Di Clinica Oculistica dell' Universita' Di Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polizzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schenone
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Saccà
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burlando
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marinari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuneo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Formelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camerini
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A