title: Alterations of cerebral blood flow and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Twenty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 13 healthy controls were included in a cerebral blood flow study and underwent brain-dedicated single-photon emission computed tomography using 99m technetium-d, l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime together with a brain computed tomography scan. Plasma levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin IgM and IgG antibodies) were also determined. Brain computed tomography showed signs of focal cerebral ischemia in 4 patients (18%), whereas cerebral blood flow by single-photon emission computed tomography was abnormal in 13 of 22 patients (59%), who showed bilateral or monolateral hypoperfusion in the temporo-parietal regions. Patients with abnormal cerebral blood flow had a longer duration of disease than those with normal blood flow (8.9 +/- 1.9 years vs. 5.3 +/- 1.5 years, P < 0.05). Plasma antiphospholipid antibodies were present in 15 patients (68%), but the prevalence was similar in those with normal (6/9, 66%), or abnormal (9/13, 69%) cerebral blood flow. No statistically significant difference in lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies was observed between patients with and without cerebral blood flow abnormalities. Our study shows that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus frequently have cerebral blood flow abnormalities, which could precede those observed by computed tomography. Plasma lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin titers were not correlated with normal cerebral blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Postiglione
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Chiara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soricelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oriente
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruocco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spadaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montefusco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genovese
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime