title: Artificial ureteral replacement for ureteral necrosis after renal transplantation: report of 3 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We applied a new minimally invasive technique of artificial ureteral replacement for renal transplant ureteral necrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Artificial ureteral replacement was performed in 3 renal transplant recipients with ureteral necrosis (complete in 1 and distal in 2) after failure of primary endoscopic treatment. Under fluoroscopic guidance a percutaneous tract is created and progressively dilated. The ureteral silicone polytetrafluoroethylene bonded tube is introduced into the pyelocaliceal renal graft cavities, tracked subcutaneously down to the suprapubic area and introduced into the bladder via a short incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no immediate postoperative complications except for transient postoperative acute prostatitis in 1 patient. No secondary complications were observed with a mean followup of 2.5 years. All grafts have good late function and all tubes are patent with no evidence of encrustation or obstruction. The tubes are well tolerated underneath the skin. Reflux was present in all 3 cases with no clinical manifestation. An asymptomatic episode of lower urinary tract infection was observed in the female patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In select cases of ureteral necrosis after renal transplantation artificial ureteral replacement by subcutaneous pyelovesical bypass offers a possible alternative to open ureteral reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desgrandchamps
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paulhac
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fornairon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Kerviller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duboust
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teillac
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Duc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009336:Necrosis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery