title: Mercury exposure of maroon workers in the small scale gold mining in Suriname.
abstract: Suriname is experiencing a revival of small scale gold mining activities, with about 10,000 to 15,000 workers involved in 1996. The estimated production in 1995 is at least 10,000 kg crude gold. Gold is extracted with mercury and methods used are comparable with those described for gold mining in the Amazon Basin. Since no data exist on the internal mercury exposure of workers in Suriname a study was performed. A group of mercury-exposed Maroons, who are principally involved in the mining located in the tropical rainforest, is compared with nonexposed Maroons living in a non-gold mining area. Blood and urine samples of both groups were analyzed for total mercury using an atomic absorption spectrometer with an FIAS hydride system. In the study 28 exposed and 17 controls with a comparable mean age (P=0.544; exposed 27+/-7.2 years, n=26; controls 26+/-7.7 years, n=17), all males, participated. The urine levels for both groups differ statistically significantly from each other (P<0.001; exposed mean 27.5+/-21.1 microg/g creatinine; controls mean 5. 2+/-2.9 microg/g creatinine). This is, however, not the case with the blood levels (P=0.036: exposed mean 18.1+/-11.0 microg/L, n=25; controls mean 26.8+/-14.6 microg/L, n=16). In contrast with blood the urine total mercury levels in this study confirm, on a group basis, exposure to mercury as described for individuals working in the gold mining in the Amazon Basin.
authors.affiliation: Diakonessen Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Paramaribo, Suriname.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Kom
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: van der Voet
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Wolff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008906:Mining; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013532:Suriname / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006046:Gold; D008628:Mercury