title: Identifying left lower lobe pneumonia at chest radiography: performance of family practice residents before and after a didactic session.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to determine whether the lateral chest radiograph is helpful in identifying left lower lobe pneumonia among inexperienced readers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors selected all patients who presented to a family practice training program with radiologic and clinical evidence of left lower lobe pneumonia (n = 65). They then selected an equal number of patients in whom chest radiographs were taken to "rule out pneumonia" and were found to be normal. Eight 1st-year family practice residents were asked to read the radiographs before and after a didactic session that emphasized lateral chest radiograph interpretation. The radiographs were presented under two viewing conditions: posteroanterior (PA) only versus PA and lateral. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve methods were used to compare the effect of both the didactic session and the viewing condition on diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in performance before and after the didactic session and no differences between the two viewing conditions. After including only abnormal radiographs that demonstrated the "spine sign" (an apparent increased opacification of the lower vertebral bodies on the lateral view), the residents performed better when presented with both PA and lateral radiographs than when presented with the PA radiograph only (area under ROC curve, .8158 vs .7418, respectively; P = 0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with left lower lobe pneumonia whose radiographs demonstrated the spine sign, diagnostic accuracy improved when the lateral chest radiograph was viewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berbaum
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ely
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D005334:Fever / Q000503:physiopathology; D005544:Forecasting; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011336:Probability; D012372:ROC Curve; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging