title: Psychopathology in the relatives of depressed-abused children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the type of symptomatology abused children manifest is related to family history of psychopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lifetime history of psychopathology was assessed in the relatives of 26 preadolescents--13 depressed abused (MDD-AB) and 13 depressed nonabused (MDD-NA) children. Rates of disorder in the relatives of these children were compared to published rates of psychopathology in relatives of 27 normal control (NC) children. Data were obtained on 104 first-degree relatives (MDD-AB = 25, MDD-NA = 29, NC = 50) and 503 second-degree relatives (MDD-AB = 127, MDD-NA = 117, NC = 259). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was used to assess psychopathology in parents, and Family History method was used to obtain lifetime psychiatric data for all other relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to first-degree relatives of NC children, first-degree relatives of MDD-AB children had approximately a nine-fold increased risk for major depression, and a three- to nine-fold increased risk for other disorders associated with the familial subtype of affective illness known as Depression Spectrum Disease (e.g., antisocial personality, alcohol and substance dependence). Similar findings were reported in second-degree relatives, and comparisons between the relatives of MDD-NA and NC children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings extend results of prior research and (1) suggest familial vulnerability factors influence the symptom profile of abused children; and (2) highlight the value of incorporating psychiatric formulations into multidisciplinary models of child abuse research and treatment programs.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birmaher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brent
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bridge
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors