title: Disappearance of glycoprotein Ib from the platelet surface in pericardial blood during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several investigators have reported decreased expression of glycoprotein Ib on the platelet surface during coronary artery bypass grafting, but others could not confirm this finding. Because platelet glycoprotein Ib functions as an adhesion receptor for von Willebrand factor and other adhesive proteins, this decreased expression may explain excessive postoperative blood loss. In this study the expressions of glycoprotein Ib and other platelet activation markers were studied in the systemic and pericardial blood of seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Pericardial blood was recently shown to have high activation levels of fibrinolytic and coagulation pathways; we hypothesized that this local blood activation might be paralleled by extensive platelet activation and associated disappearance of glycoprotein Ib.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of platelet surface antigens was determined by whole-blood double-label flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycoprotein Ib expression in systemic blood decreased 10% (p = 0.03) from preoperative levels at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass and 30% (p = 0.04) before release of the aortic crossclamp. Expression in pericardial blood at these times decreased by 50% and 51%, respectively (p = 0.003, p = 0.009). No changes were observed in the expression of the platelet activation antigens CD62P (P-selectin, indicating platelet alpha-granular release) and CD63 (indicating lysosomal release) or in binding of monoclonal antibody PAC-1 (detecting the fibrinogen-binding receptor conformation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycoprotein Ib disappeared from the platelet surface during bypass grafting, most notably in pericardial blood. No increased expression of CD62P, CD63, or PAC-1 was found, indicating the absence of general platelet activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Maquelin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Berckmans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieuwland
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schaap
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: ten Have
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eijsman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sturk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D054641:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000097:blood*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D060149:Tetraspanin 30
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C554586:CD63 protein, human; D019007:P-Selectin; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; C517032:DUSP2 protein, human; D054641:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases