title: The selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene: reproductive assessments following preimplantation exposure in mated female rats.
abstract: Raloxifene is a nonsteroidal, selective estrogen receptor modulator being developed for postmenopausal osteoporosis. As part of an integrated reproductive toxicity assessment, two studies were conducted in which raloxifene was administered orally to CD rats during Gestation Days (GD) 0 through 5. In each study, animals received daily raloxifene doses of 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg. In Study 1, GD 20 evaluations of maternal reproductive parameters identified dose-related increases in pre- and postimplantation loss, reductions in the numbers of corpora lutea and live conceptuses, and reduced fetal weight. The low fetal weights were consistent with an extent of morphologic development that corresponded to developmental ages up to 8 d younger than GD 20. Study 2 characterized the potential impact of this disrupted and apparently delayed implantation on gestation length, parturition, and progeny viability. Dams were allowed to deliver and rear their offspring through Postpartum Day 21. Gestation lengths were extended up to 1 week, and litter sizes were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, parturition occurred normally and pup morphology, survival, and physical and behavioral development were unaffected.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories (a Division of Eli Lilly and Company), Greenfield, Indiana 46140, USA. doclarke@lilly.com
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Griffey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buelke-Sam
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005328:Fetal Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D005865:Gestational Age; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists / Q000187:drug effects*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride