title: Increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and regulation by interleukin 10 during intestinal inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) are the most abundant cell type in intestinal lesions in IBD. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an important contra-inflammatory cytokine which induces downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether PMN from patients with IBD or infectious colitis, respectively, secrete increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and can be regulated by IL-10.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secretion (ELISA) as well as corresponding mRNA levels (semiquantitative RT-PCR) of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha) and of IL-1 receptor antagonist were assessed in peripheral PMN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMN from patients with IBD are primed to secrete enhanced amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines accompanied by detection of corresponding mRNAs in comparison with normal controls. This finding is not specific for IBD but rather reflects intestinal inflammation in general. IL-10 markedly inhibited proinflammatory cytokine secretion as well as corresponding mRNA concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMN are an important source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with intestinal inflammation and can be downregulated by IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Charité University Hospital, 4th Medical Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikolaus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauditz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gionchetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lochs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10