The Polish experience of quality improvement in primary care.
THE POLISH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: The health care system in Poland is based on a model typical of east-central European countries, with features such as state-owned health care organizations, centralized management and administration, and primacy of access to care over quality. Poorly planned and uncoordinated reforms have been undertaken to transfer some of the authority for health service management to local governments.
The reform of the health care system entails substitution of family physician-based for medical specialist-based primary care. Newly trained family physicians, as the first to start private surgery clinics financed from public sources, are the forerunners of the comprehensive reform and property structure transformation.
Since the early 1990s, more and more organizations, individuals, and professional groups have begun to perceive health care regulations and other external control mechanisms as ineffective. Attempts have been made to replace periodic, restrictive activities with systematic continuous quality improvement efforts. Systems of voluntary accreditation are being developed and fostered. Groups have started meeting to develop medical practice guidelines and conduct peer review. Concern about quality of health care services is now reflected in the Polish legislation for the first time, as well as in numerous local and nationwide projects and publications.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite some successes, the pioneers of quality improvement (QI) still have a long way to go. Continuation of educational activities and creation of a system of motivation for the development, of QI in primary care should be prioritized and encouraged.
Windak
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Department of Family Medicine, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. mmwindak@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Tomasik
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Kryj-Radziszewska
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D018166:Health Care Reform; D006801:Humans; D011044:Poland; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D013222:State Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000592:standards*