title: Effect of controlled hypotension combined with hemodilution on gastric intramural pH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of controlled hypotension combined with hemodilution on gastric intramural pH in the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n = 15) received controlled hypotension with mild hemodilution. Group B (n = 15) received controlled hypotension with moderate hemodilution. Hemodilution was carried out after induction of anesthesia. Drawn blood was replaced with 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. Final hematocrit values were 32 +/- 2% (mean +/- SD) in Group A and 23 +/- 2% in Group B. Controlled hypotension was induced with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 55 mmHg for 80 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements included gastric intramural pH (pHi), arterial blood pH (pHa), and plasma lactate. These indices were measured before hemodilution, after hemodilution, 80 minutes after starting hypotension, 60 minutes after recovery from hypotension, and on the first postoperative day. The value of pHi was measured by tonometry. The pHa and lactate values showed no change in either Group A or Group B throughout the time course. Gastric pHi values showed no change in Group A throughout the time course. The pHi value in Group B showed a significant decrease from 7.420 +/- 0.028 to 7.339 +/- 0.034 (p < 0.05) after hemodilution, while it showed no further decrease at 80 minutes after starting hypotension (7.331 +/- 0.039) and 60 minutes after recovery from hypotension (7.330 +/- 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that moderate hemodilution, such as 23% of hematocrit value, might impair oxygenation in gastrointestinal mucosa, whereas controlled hypotension induced by PGE1 combined with the hemodilution would not increase this impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Sasebo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukusaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006438:Hemodilution; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D007773:Lactates; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000527:Alprostadil