title: Reduced bone mineral density in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures are occasionally found in patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study was performed to determine the degree of possible osteopenia in long-term survivors of childhood ALL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck bone mineral densities (BMDs) (g/cm2) were measured in 29 survivors (aged 12 to 30 years, median 17) of childhood ALL 2 to 20 (median 8) years after discontinuation of chemotherapy. These results were compared with those from 273 healthy controls and expressed as a percentage of the age- and sex-matched control values (mean +/- standard deviation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lumbar and femoral BMDs were significantly reduced in survivors of childhood ALL. Particularly, male gender (lumbar: 91.7 +/- 10.4%, p = 0.008; femoral: 91.9 +/- 11.3%, p = 0.005) and a history of cranial irradiation (lumbar: 93.0 +/- 8.9%, p = 0.005; femoral: 94.4 +/- 13.3%, p = 0.03) were associated with low lumbar and femoral BMDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detected deficit in bone density in survivors of childhood ALL may predispose these patients to osteoporotic fractures later in adulthood. A follow-up of BMD in survivors of childhood ALL should facilitate the identification of patients who would require specific therapeutic interventions to prevent further decrease of their skeletal mass and preserve their BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arikoski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komulainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voutilainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parviainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tapanainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kröger
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D017741:Survivors
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003094:Collagen