title: Arterial hepatic embolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma using a cyanoacrylate/lipiodol mixture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A survival analysis in 16 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using a combination of lipiodol and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (5:1) was performed in a retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of lipiodol and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (5:1) was used for TAE. All patients had disease compatible with Okuda stages I and II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four embolizations were done; five patients had more than one embolization. Median alpha-fetoprotein levels declined from 116 to 48.6 ng/ml. A median of 0.3 ml cyanoacrylate was administered per patient. Median survival was 8.5 months (range 2-49 months). After a median follow-up of 4 years, 12 patients have died (75%). Okuda stage I and II patients had a median survival time of 34.4 and 5.5 months respectively. Few side effects (19%) were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the TAE procedure used [lipiodol and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (5:1)] is safe and produced only few side effects, thus constituting a valuable therapeutic option for patients with Okuda stage I and II HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berghammer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pfeffel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Winkelbauer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiltschke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lammer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zielinski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D007459:Iodized Oil