title: High risk of cerebral-vein thrombosis in carriers of a prothrombin-gene mutation and in users of oral contraceptives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic cerebral-vein thrombosis can cause serious neurologic disability. We evaluated risk factors for this disorder, including genetic risk factors (mutations in the genes encoding factor V and prothrombin) and nongenetic risk factors (such as the use of oral contraceptive agents). We compared the prevalence of these risk factors in 40 patients with cerebral-vein thrombosis, 80 patients with deep-vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, and 120 healthy controls. The G1691A mutation in the factor V gene and the G20210A prothrombin-gene mutation, which are established genetic risk factors for venous thrombosis, were studied. We also assessed the use of oral contraceptives and other risk factors for thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the prothrombin-gene mutation was higher in patients with cerebral-vein thrombosis (20 percent) than in healthy controls (3 percent; odds ratio, 10.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 31.0) and was similar to that in patients with deep-vein thrombosis (18 percent). Similar results were obtained for the mutation in the factor V gene. The use of oral contraceptives was more frequent among women with cerebral-vein thrombosis (96 percent) than among controls (32 percent; odds ratio, 22.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 5.9 to 84.2) and among those with deep-vein thrombosis (61 percent; odds ratio, 4.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 17.8). For women who were taking oral contraceptives and who also had the prothrombin-gene mutation (seven patients with cerebral-vein thrombosis but only one control), the odds ratio for cerebral-vein thrombosis rose to 149.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 31.0 to 711.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutations in the prothrombin gene and the factor V gene are associated with cerebral-vein thrombosis. The use of oral contraceptives is also strongly and independently associated with the disorder. The presence of both the prothrombin-gene mutation and oral-contraceptive use raises the risk of cerebral-vein thrombosis further.
authors.affiliation: Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Maggiore Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sacchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taioli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duca
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mannucci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002550:Cerebral Veins; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin