title: Femoral and cruciate blood flow after retrograde femoral reaming: a canine study using laser Doppler flowmetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of retrograde femoral reaming on the blood flow of the distal femur and the cruciate ligaments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral and teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen skeletally mature, cross-bred dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red cell flux (RCF) was measured by using a laser Doppler flowmetry probe at three bone sites in the distal femur (trochlear groove, medial condyle, and lateral condyle) and at the midportion of both the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments before and after retrograde femoral reaming.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the mean postreaming RCF at all the bone sites of the distal femur compared with prereaming values: trochlear groove (p = 0.0247), medial condyle (p = 0.0440), and lateral condyle (p = 0.0042). We also found a significant decrease in the mean postreaming RCF at both cruciate ligament sites compared with prereaming values (anterior cruciate, p = 0.0004; posterior cruciate, p = 0.0006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde femoral reaming and intramedullary nailing has become a popular option for the treatment of distal femoral and some femoral shaft fractures, but concerns regarding the effect of reaming through an intraarticular entry portal have been raised. Our experimental study found that after reaming perfusion of the anterior cruciate ligament decreased by 52 percent and perfusion of the posterior cruciate ligament decreased by 49 percent. Diminished perfusion after reaming may delay healing or exacerbate existing injury to the cruciate ligaments and adversely affect rehabilitation of the knee after femoral fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: ElMaraghy
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Schemitsch
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000098:blood supply*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000098:blood supply*