title: Associations of indices of adiposity with atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the associations of indices of adiposity with cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  93 men and 98 women aged 18-69 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference, waist to height ratio, blood pressure, fasting concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, plasma lipids and lipoprotein subfractions, apoproteins, lipoprotein(a) and post-heparin lipases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI and waist showed similar associations (P < 0.01) with a cluster of major cardiovascular risk factors including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in men, and ratio of low density lipoprotein-/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol for both genders. Large waist circumference was significantly (P < 0.01) associated (controlled for age and smoking) with features of the metabolic syndrome, including raised insulin concentration (men: r=0.37, women: r=0.49), reduced high density lipoprotein2 (men: r=-0.30, women: r=-0.34), increased very low density lipoprotein1 mass (men: r=0.31, women: r=0.42), raised small, dense low density lipoprotein (men: r=0.30, women: r=0.31), elevated blood pressure (men: r=0.27, women: r=0.28), increased triglyceride (men: r=0.43, women: r=0.48) and apolipoprotein-B (men: r=0.32, women: r=0.35). Waist circumference also correlated with hepatic lipase/lipoprotein lipase ratio in women (r=0.52). Height adjustment did not substantially change relationships between waist circumference and risk factors. WHR correlated with fewer risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the purpose of health promotion to prevent cardiovascular disease associated with overweight and intra-abdominal fat accumulation, the general public should be advised to be aware of the risk associated with large waist circumference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Packard
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008049:Lipase