title: Long-term follow-up study of penile cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reviewed the outcomes for patients with penile cancer to determine factors predictive of their survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1966 and 1996, 59 patients with penile cancer were treated at Kobe University Hospital. The median follow-up period was 109 months (range, 4 to 240 months). The prognostic factors were determined by multivariate analysis. Disease progression rates, according to stage and the type of surgery, were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5- and 10-year, cause-specific survival rates were 75.9% and 73.8%, respectively. Lymph node involvement, tumor stage, and tumor differentiation were the independent risk factors identified by multivariate analysis. Among the patients at stage 1 and 2, none of the 29 patients treated with early lymphadenectomy showed recurrence in the inguinal region, while 4 (27%) of 15 patients without lymphadenectomy showed such recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and tumor differentiation are significant prognostic factors for survival, and that early inguinal lymphadenectomy would improve the prognosis of patients with stage 1 or 2 penile cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gohji
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamidono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001761:Bleomycin