title: FK317: a novel substituted dihydrobenzoxazine with potent antitumor activity which does not induce vascular leak syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  FK973, a substituted dihydrobenzoxazine, is an antitumor antibiotic which has shown high therapeutic efficacy in a phase I study, but its development has been abandoned because of the side effect of vascular leak syndrome (VLS) in the clinical study. This study was performed to investigate whether or not FK317, a new benzmethoxy derivative of FK973, retains the antitumor activity of FK973 without the side effect of VLS.
  
  
  METHODS
  VLS was evaluated by the volume of pleural effusion in rats. Cytotoxic activities were determined by a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay) against murine (B16, P388) and human (HeLa S3, KB) tumor cell lines. Antitumor activities against murine ascitic leukemia (P388, L1210), murine solid tumors (reticulum cell sarcoma M5076, Colon 38 carcinoma) and human xenografts (mammary carcinoma MX-1, lung carcinoma LX-1) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FK973 (1.8 mg/kg) given i.v. to rats induced pleural effusion, one of the elements of VLS, 36 days after the first dosing, but did not 28 days after dosing. This model reflects clinical VLS delayed-type effusion with high protein concentrations. In contrast, FK317 (1.0-3.2 mg/kg) did not induce pleural effusion at all. FK317 had stronger cytotoxic effects against in vitro cultured B16, P388, HeLa S3 and KB tumor cell lines, and in in vivo experiments, FK317 showed equivalent antitumor activity against P388, M5076 and MX-1, and more potent antitumor activity against L1210, Colon 38 and LX-1 compared with FK973.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that FK317 retains the antitumor activity of FK973 and does not induce VLS, and FK317 is a drug with high clinical potential for treating tumors in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naoe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyayasu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019559:Capillary Leak Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010078:Oxazines; C054974:FK 973; D016685:Mitomycin; C112463:FK 317 dihydrobenzoxazine