title: Differential roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and p38(MAPK) in interleukin-1beta- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced low density lipoprotein receptor expression in HepG2 cells.
abstract: The inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), elevated in inflammatory, malignant, and infectious diseases, induce low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor transcription in HepG2 cells, and such an induction can account for hypocholesterolemia associated with these states. However, the signaling mechanisms of cytokine-mediated LDL receptor induction are largely unexplored. In the present studies, we examined the potential involvement of different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Northern analysis demonstrated that IL-1beta or TNF significantly increased LDL receptor transcript in HepG2 cells, whereas expression of another tightly regulated sterol-responsive squalene synthase gene was unaffected. IL-1beta treatment resulted in transient activation of three MAPK cascades, namely p46/54(JNK), p38(MAPK), and ERK-1/2, with maximal activation of 20-, 25-, and 3-fold, respectively, occurring 15-30 min after cytokine addition. PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase activity, inhibited IL-1beta-induced LDL receptor expression. In contrast, SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38(MAPK), enhanced IL-1beta-induced LDL receptor expression, with a concomitant increase in ERK-1/2 activity. Similarly, TNF induced LDL receptor expression also required ERK-1/2 activation. Finally, sterols repressed IL-1beta induced receptor expression, without affecting ERK-1/2 activation. These results show that IL-1beta- or TNF-induced LDL receptor expression requires ERK-1/2 activation, that the p38(MAPK) pathway negatively regulates LDL receptor expression, and that sterols inhibit induction at a point downstream of ERK-1/2 in HepG2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011725:Pyridines; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one