title: Can different types of retinal emboli be reliably differentiated from one another? An inter- and intraobserver agreement study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether ophthalmologists can agree on the qualitative assessment of visible retinal emboli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inter- and intraobserver agreement study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retina and vitreous subspecialty session at the 1996 Canadian Ophthalmological Society meeting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 42 observers, of whom 30 were retinal specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observers viewed 17 fundus photographs of 11 patients with embolic acute retinal artery occlusion and classified the visible retinal emboli into one of three groups: cholesterol, calcific or other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was slight agreement for the 17 observations (mean kappa = 0.063). The kappa statistic for all cases ranged from slight to fair agreement. Slight interobserver agreement for the six unique photographs was observed (mean kappa = 0.073). Slight intraobserver agreement was found for the three photographs that were shown in different orientations (mean kappa = 0.041) and for the two photographs shown with differing magnification (mean kappa = 0.102).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall both intraobserver and interobserver agreement on the qualitative assessment of retinal emboli was poor. With only slight agreement on the classification of emboli, systemic evaluation of acute retinal artery occlusion should not be based on qualitative assessment of retinal emboli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pater
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cruess
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004617:Embolism / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017700:Embolism, Cholesterol / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*