title: Removal of waterborne human enteric viruses and coliphages with oxidized coal.
abstract: Human enteric viruses and coliphages have been detected in water that has undergone what is generally considered adequate treatment, including chlorination. Because small numbers of virus particles are needed for the initiation of a productive virus infection, the presence of any number of virus particles in water resources will always be of concern. In this investigation the ability of oxidized coal to remove viruses from water was investigated. The oxicoal product was found to be able to remove not only coliphages, but also various pathogenic human viruses from seeded water sources. Removal was dependent upon the type of virus, the period of exposure, and the concentration of oxidized coal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Cloete
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Nel
mesh_terms: D003031:Coal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D003090:Coliphages / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D003031:Coal