title: Differential regulation of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 by interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in human lung fibroblasts.
abstract: In the present studies we found that incubation of human lung fibroblasts with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) potentiated the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Analysis of fibroblast proteins showed the induction of cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1) by TGF-beta 1 and the induction of Cox-2 by IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. The levels of transcripts for Cox-1 were minimally modified by IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha, however, they were increased by 12-fold by TGF-beta 1. Transcripts for Cox-2 were induced by IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha and their induction was potentiated by TGF-beta 1. TGF-beta 1 alone did not induce Cox-2 transcripts. In vitro transcription assays showed that IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha increased the transcription of the Cox-2 gene, whereas TGF-beta 1 had no effect. Addition of TGF-beta did not increase further the transcription of Cox-2 in IL-1 beta-treated cells, but increased the stability of the corresponding transcripts. The transcription rate of the Cox-1 gene was not increased by any of the cytokines studied. In summary, we demonstrate that the potentiation of PGE2 production by TGF-beta 1 in IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha-treated fibroblasts is the result of transcriptional stimulation of the Cox-2 gene by IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha and the stabilization of the resulting transcripts by TGF-beta 1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chepenik
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reginato
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jimenez
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone