title: Seroprevalence of specific viral infections in confiscated orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).
abstract: A serological survey of confiscated orangutans was conducted to determine the prevalence of specific viral infections cross reacting with human viruses. Antibodies specific for human hepatitis A (HAV) and B (HBV) viruses, herpes simplex viruses (HSV), and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV types I and II), as well as for the simian type D retroviruses (SRV types 1 to 3) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were tested in samples from 143 orangutans. Results revealed a high prevalence of potential pathogens. The most prevalent viral infection found was HBV (59.4% prevalence) of which 89.4% of infected individuals seroconverted to the non-infectious state and 10.6% remained as chronic carriers. Antibodies to HAV, HSV, HTLV-1, and SRV were also detected but at a lower prevalence. There was no evidence of lentiviral infections in this group of animals. The results confirm the importance of quarantine and the need for diagnostic differentiation of virus infections to determine if they are of human origin or unique orangutan viruses.
authors.affiliation: Wanariset Orangutan Reintroduction Centre, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niphuis
authors.lastname: Heriyanto
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Verschoor
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Heeney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D030121:Betaretrovirus / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D015481:HTLV-I Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015482:HTLV-II Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus; D015995:Prevalence; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011790:Quarantine / Q000662:veterinary; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015481:HTLV-I Antibodies; D015482:HTLV-II Antibodies; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies