title: Verapamil plus nitroglycerin solution maximally preserves endothelial function of the radial artery: comparison with papaverine solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelium plays a key role in graft patency. My colleagues and I have developed a verapamil+nitroglycerin solution (balanced to pH 7.4) to prepare the radial artery without mechanical distention or dilation and have reported the efficacy of its antispastic action. This study was designed to investigate whether using this solution as part of the University of Hong Kong protocol to prepare the radial artery is more efficacious than papaverine solution in preserving endothelial function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ring segments of the radial artery taken from 25 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were studied in organ chambers. The endothelium-dependent relaxation, as the index of endothelial function, was examined by two mechanisms-receptor-mediated relaxation (by acetylcholine) and non-receptor-mediated relaxation (by calcium ionophore A23187) in U46619-induced contraction (10 nmol/L).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the relaxation induced by either acetylcholine (27.3% +/- 5.0% [n = 7] vs 23.9% +/- 3.9% [n = 6],p = 0.6) or A23187 (62.9% +/- 6.0% [n = 13] vs 62.3% +/- 8.4% [n = 6],p = 0.96), there was no significant difference between the control radial arteries and those treated with the verapamil+nitroglycerin solution. In the papaverine-treated rings, acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was abolished (3.3% +/- 2.6% vs 23.9% +/- 3.9%,p < 0.001) and A23187-mediated relaxation was significantly reduced (39.7% +/- 5.2% vs 62.3% +/- 8.4%, p = 0.02) compared with verapamil+nitroglycerin treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of verapamil+nitroglycerin solution to prepare the radial artery maximally preserves endothelial function. In contrast, papaverine impairs this function. Verapamil+nitroglycerin solution may be effectively and safely used to prepare the radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Grantham Hospital, Aberdeen.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017534:Radial Artery; D012449:Safety; D013048:Specimen Handling; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007476:Ionophores; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000001:Calcimycin; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D014700:Verapamil; D010208:Papaverine; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000109:Acetylcholine