title: Signaling from the IL-2 receptor to the nucleus.
abstract: Interleukin-2 has pleiotropic actions on the immune system and plays a vital role in the modulation of immune responses. Our current understanding of IL-2 signaling has resulted from in vitro studies that have identified the signaling pathways activated by IL-2, including the Jak-STAT pathways, and from in vivo studies that have analyzed mice in which IL-2, each chain of the receptor, as well a number of signaling molecules have been individually targeted by homologous recombination. Moreover, mutations in IL-2Ralpha, gamma(c) and Jak3 have been found in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. In addition, with the discovery that two components of the receptor, IL-2Rbeta and gamma(c), are shared by other cytokine receptors, we have an enhanced appreciation of the contributions of these molecules towards cytokine specificity, pleiotropy and redundancy.
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; C528024:SHC1 protein, human; C109775:STAM protein, human; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C528034:Shc1 protein, mouse; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; C491648:Stam protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases