title: An audit of therapeutic drug monitoring service provision by laboratories participating in an external quality assessment scheme.
abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring services were investigated in a questionnaire sent to all subscribers to the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Therapeutic Drug Assays. Questions were posed on assay availability and use, target ranges, and reporting procedures for digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine, theophylline, and valproic acid. One hundred fifty-seven laboratories replied and, except for lithium, 45% reported in mass units, 34% in molar units, and 22% a mixture of mass and molar units. Target ranges for lithium, digoxin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbitone were highly variable but ranges for phenytoin, theophylline, and valproic acid were more consistent. Immunoassay was the most popular methodology although high-performance liquid chromatography was commonly used for anticonvulsants. Paper copies of results were provided by 93% of laboratories, 40% reported by telephone, 12% by fax, and 28% by computer. Additional data, mainly dose, time of last dose, and duration of therapy were requested by 55% to 67% of laboratories. Grades of staff authorizing results ranged from nurses to senior consultants, and collaboration with pharmacists occurred in 26% of laboratories. Most laboratories provided a daily analytical service and 73% offered a 24-hour emergency service. This audit unexpectedly identified use of a wide range of target concentrations, particularly for digoxin and lithium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Glasgow, West Glasgow Hospitals Trust, Scotland.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dawkins
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Capps
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Toseland
mesh_terms: D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards*; D008330:Management Audit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom