title: Lung cancer: intermittent irradiation synchronized with respiratory motion--results of a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the feasibility of a system for intermittent irradiation synchronized with respiratory motion in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A newly developed gate pulse controller that starts and stops irradiation at a chosen phase of the respiratory cycle by controlling a linear accelerator was used in six patients with lung cancer. A laser displacement sensor was used for the detection of respiratory motion. Three patients underwent radiation therapy during the cycles between 50% expiration and 50% inspiration (step 1), and three patients underwent radiation therapy during the cycles between 70% expiration and 30% inspiration (step 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The system functioned well; irradiation was verified with portal verification radiography in all six patients. The range of the tumor position during synchronized irradiation was detectable with fast portal localization radiography. The treatment times for steps 1 and 2 were 1.38-1.71 and 2.03-2.18 times longer, respectively, than those for conventional irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synchronized irradiation with the authors' system allowed convenient and reliable reduction of the target volume. Further study is needed to standardize the system for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tonai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozuka
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011859:Radiography; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics