title: [Multiple Fordyce-type angiokeratomas of the scrotum. An iatrogenic case].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiokeratoma is a wart-like vascular lesion of the skin. There are five types of angiokeratoma: the Mibelli-type, the Fordyce-type, the solitary and multiple (papular) types, the angiokeratoma circumscriptum, and the angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. The "Mibelli-type" occurs on the acral sites, mainly digits, of young people affected by repeated attacks of chilblain, which result in a deleterious effects on vessel walls. The "Fordyce-type" occurs on the scrotal skin of young and adults as a secondary effect to an increased blood pressure in scrotal veins. An equivalent form affecting adult females and occurring analogously on the skin of the vulva is also on record. The "solitary and multiple papular types" of young individuals affect the lower extremities and is considered a consequence of a congenital deficiency of elastic tissue in regional veins. We suggest the term "acquired angiokeratomas" for these three above mentioned clinical forms of angiokeratomas, leaving apart the other two types which are essentially congenital. In fact the "angiokeratoma circumscriptum" is a nevoid hamartomatous lesion arising early in life during infancy or childhood, sometimes in association with other congenital malformation of other sites, while the "angiokeratoma corporis diffusum" almost always occurs in association with enzyme disorders, usually alpha-galactosidase A enzyme deficiency (Anderson-Fabry disease), an X-linked recessive disorder affecting homozigous male patients in their adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case of multiple angiokeratomas of the scrotum (Fordyce-type) arisen in a 62-year old male patient following surgical amputation of the penis and bilateral inguino-crural lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis is reported on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although they are well on record cases of angiokeratomas of the scrotum arising after surgical injuries to the outer vein pudenda (mainly following inguinocrural hernioplasty), based on a computerized search of the literature on theme this case represents the first iatrogenic example of such an occurrence. The pathogenetic mechanism leading to the the rise of angiokeratomas mediated by the increase of the blood pressure in the superficial scrotal veins is discussed. This example represents an additional case report of inevitable and sometimes unsuspected iatrogenic pathology in medicine.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS-Ospedale, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisceglia
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carosi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castelvetere
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murgo
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000794:Angiokeratoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012611:Scrotum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D014680:Veins / Q000293:injuries
vernacular_title: Angiocheratomi multipli dello scroto, "tipo Fordyce". Su un caso ad insorgenza iatrogena.