title: Comparison of neutrophil and monocyte function by microbicidal cell-kill assay in patients with cancer receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or no cytokine after cytotoxic chemotherapy: a phase II trial.
abstract: Functional effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) were prospectively measured by harvesting blood samples from 51 oncology patients (21 who were receiving no cytokines, 14 receiving rhGM-CSF, and 16 who were receiving rhG-CSF) just before cytotoxic chemotherapy (baseline) immediately before the last cytokine dose (pre), 2 hours after the last cytokine dose (post), and 48 hours after the pre period (follow-up). Neutrophils and monocytes were separated and functional effects were measured by comparing cell-kill percentages, as determined by a microbial cell-kill assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Optimal cell concentrations (2 x 10(6) monocytes/ml; 4 x 10(6) neutrophils/ml) and effector-to-cell ratios (1:50) were initially determined with blood samples harvested from 23 healthy volunteers. Results in oncology patients indicated that rhGM-CSF improved monocyte-killing activity against S. aureus at follow-up, compared with controls (p = 0.0094) and compared with monocytes from rhG-CSF-treated patients at the post period (p = 0.014). Cell-killing percentage of the rhGM-CSF-treated patients was also enhanced against C. albicans during the post period, compared with controls (p = 0.011) and rhG-CSF-treated patients (p = 0.067). Neutrophil activity was not altered by either cytokine. In conclusion, monocyte-induced microbial killing was enhanced in oncology patients receiving rhGM-CSF after cytotoxic chemotherapy, compared with patients receiving rhG-CSF or no cytokines. No differences in neutrophil activity were observed between patients receiving either cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Physician Reliance Network, Inc., Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemunaitis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green-Weaver
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agosti
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015610:Serum Bactericidal Test / Q000379:methods; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor