title: Keratinocyte growth factor protects murine hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) promotes epithelial growth and differentiation and has potent effects on the liver. The coinjection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (GalN) results in hepatic failure in mice. Mechanistically, LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) triggers hepatocyte apoptosis, which is enhanced by GalN-arrested transcription. Similarly, the combination of TNF and actinomycin D (ActD) causes hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro. We studied the effect of KGF on LPS and GalN-induced hepatic failure in vivo and on TNF- and ActD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro, where it was compared with those of hepatic growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Mice treated with human recombinant KGF (1 mg/kg subcutaneously) 24 hours before intraperitoneal coinjection of LPS and GalN sustained prolonged survival compared with control mice, although overall mortality was not changed. The counts of apoptotic hepatocytes, serum alanine and aspartate transaminases, and DNA fragments in the cytosolic fraction of liver homogenates were higher in control mice than in treated mice 6 hours after LPS and GalN coinjection, before any mortality occurred. In vitro, hepatocytes pretreated with KGF exhibited reduced TNF- and ActD-induced cell damage and DNA fragmentation, similar to hepatocytes pretreated with HGF and EGF. In conclusion, KGF prolongs survival during LPS- and GalN-induced hepatic failure by temporarily protecting hepatocytes against apoptosis. It also protects hepatocytes in vitro against TNF- and ActD-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1789, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Senaldi
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shaklee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C496453:FGF7 protein, human; C496454:Fgf7 protein, mouse; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D006133:Growth Substances; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D003609:Dactinomycin; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors