title: Simulators in clinical surgery.
abstract: Simulators are no replacement for patients in surgical learning. Live patients are required for teaching clinical signs and skills. Large numbers of students, a relative lack of motivation, a decreasing number of common cases, unwilling patients, differences in language, etc., make clinical teaching in India a bitter problem. Because patient-related problems are important, surgical training using models can help students to gain effective control over surgical signs and skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pai
mesh_terms: D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*