title: Prognostic significance of age, MYCN oncogene amplification, tumor cell ploidy, and histology in 110 infants with stage D(S) neuroblastoma: the pediatric oncology group experience--a pediatric oncology group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although a high rate of spontaneous regression is observed in infants with stage D(S) neuroblastoma (NB), survival is not uniform. To determine the prognostic relevance of age at diagnosis, therapy, and tumor biology in infants with stage D(S) NB, we reviewed the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of patients diagnosed with stage D(S) NB registered on POG protocols was performed. Survival according to age at diagnosis, treatment, and tumor biology was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1987 and 1996, 110 infants with stage D(S) NB had an estimated 3-year survival rate of 85% +/- 4%; survival rate was 71% +/- 8% for infants 2 months of age or younger, and 68% +/- 12%, 44% +/- 33%, and 33% +/- 19% for patients with diploid, MYCN-amplified, and unfavorable histology tumors, respectively. Survival rates were similar for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not (82% +/- 5% v 93% +/- 6%, respectively; P = .187). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in survival rate for patients who underwent complete resection of their primary tumor compared with those who underwent partial resection or biopsy only (90% +/- 5% v 78% +/- 7%, respectively; P = .083).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our review confirmed that the survival of infants with stage D(S) NB is excellent. However, subsets of patients with poor prognosis can be identified by young age and unfavorable biologic factors. More effective therapy is needed for the group of stage D(S) infants who show unfavorable clinical and biologic features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Brodeur
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Thorner
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Look
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Castleberry
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004171:Diploidy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc