A simplified vaccinologists' vaccinology and the pursuit of a vaccine against AIDS.
Vaccinology is the science and engineering of developing vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. Guidelines come from knowledge of pathogenesis and from successful past vaccines. The vaccine enterprise relies on the evolution of appropriate science and technology. Governmental support and industrial participation are key to successful development of new vaccines. A large challenge for vaccinology is a vaccine which protects against AIDS. Though misguided in its first decade, current vaccine research is directed to use of any and all viral antigens and to elicit both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses that are resident, with memory, at the mucosal sites of viral entry. Recent seminal discoveries guiding the future include selective elicitation of both Type 1 and Type 2 immune responses, and prime-boosting using recombinant viral or DNA vectors and expressed antigens. Success in vaccinology depends on simplification of the complex and on iterative processes in a well-defined pathway. The present and future of vaccinology are discussed in depth.
Hilleman
M R
MR
Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D002648:Child; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005380:Financing, Government; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D006291:Health Policy; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D012107:Research Design; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D014481:United States; D019444:Vaccines, DNA
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D019444:Vaccines, DNA