title: Hybrid pharmacologic and ablative therapy: a novel and effective approach for the management of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation is often difficult to achieve with pharmacologic therapy. Complex catheter ablative procedures are being developed, but efficacy and safety issues remain to be clarified. We hypothesized that combined pharmacologic and simple ablative therapies in a targeted subset of patients will improve success in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 13 patients (mean age 61.5 +/- 16.2 years) with atrial fibrillation who converted to electrocardiographic atrial flutter during antiarrhythmic drug treatment. Surface ECG suggested "typical" atrial flutter in 11 patients and "atypical" atrial flutter in 2. Intracardiac mapping and entrainment studies revealed 9 patients had counterclockwise isthmus-dependent atrial flutter, and the remaining 4 had complex activation patterns, suggesting the presence of multiple wavefronts. All 9 patients with typical atrial flutter underwent successful ablation. None of the 4 patients with complex activation patterns had successful ablation. Patients were followed for recurrences of atrial arrhythmias via clinic visits, record review, and interviews. In patients who underwent successful ablation and continued on antiarrhythmic drugs, 88.9% remain in sinus rhythm after a mean follow-up of 14.3 +/- 6.9 months (range 1 to 28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who experience conversion of atrial fibrillation to atrial flutter during antiarrhythmic drug treatment, ablation and continuation of pharmacologic therapy is a safe and effective means of achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Thorndike Institute of Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zimetbaum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Josephson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005424:Flecainide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011405:Propafenone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011802:Quinidine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011405:Propafenone; D011802:Quinidine; D005424:Flecainide; D000638:Amiodarone