title: Placement of a bladder neck purse-string cuff for the management of incontinence in children with myelodysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous surgical procedures have been developed in an attempt to increase bladder compliance and/or outlet resistance for the treatment of intractable incontinence in children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. We report our experience with the development of a biocompatable purse-string cuff to increase outlet resistance by providing circumferential compression at the bladder neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 children (6 boys, 6 girls) with myelodysplasia and persistent incontinence despite clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and pharmacotherapy underwent urodynamic testing and cystoscopy that revealed neurogenic bladders with concomitant intrinsic sphincter deficiency. Through an anterior approach, the bladder neck was mobilized and wrapped with 5-mm polytetrafluoroethylene tubing. Five-millimeter woven polyester tape was then placed circumferentially within the polytetrafluoroethylene tubing lumen, purse-stringed under tension with a silicone tubing shod to appose the mucosa of the bladder neck, and secured under such tension with a surgical clip. Ten of the 12 patients underwent concomitant augmentation cystoplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of 12 children (age range at time of operation 2.5 to 16 years) are continent on CIC in follow-up ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Four cuffs had to be surgically removed postoperatively. Two were removed secondary to inadvertent transvaginal placement. Two other cuffs were removed for infection. One child with persistent postoperative incontinence had the cuff retightened through a minor surgical procedure and has remained dry. Annual renal ultrasound examinations reveal stabilization of upper urinary tracts throughout the follow-up period in all but 1 patient. Postoperative urodynamic studies reveal increased bladder capacity, decreased intravesical pressures, and increased leak point pressures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The purse-string bladder neck cuff in combination with augmentation cystoplasty, when warranted, provides excellent, durable continence rates in children with myelodysplasia and neurogenic bladders. Attributes of the cuff are its relative low cost, ease of construction, unchanged angle of the bladder neck making catheterization easy, and potential adjustability in patients with persistent incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Balsara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabinovitch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*