title: Implantable venous access devices in children with hemophilia: a report of low infection rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to define the efficacy and complications of implantable venous access devices (IVADs) in children with hemophilia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records were reviewed on all patients with congenital blood coagulation disorders monitored at two children's hospitals in whom one or more central venous catheters had been placed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 1989 external and implantable central venous catheters have been inserted to enhance venous access for regular factor concentrate infusion in 45 patients with hemophilia ranging in age from 8 months to 19.5 years (median 7.4 years); 37 patients had factor VIII deficiency and 8 factor IX deficiency. Hemorrhagic complications of catheter placement were infrequent and minor. In the 41 patients having one or more IVADs in place for a median of 31 months, only six episodes of bacteremia occurred in 5 patients during 44,070 days of follow-up. The overall rate of bacteremia complicating IVADs in these patients was 0.14 episodes per 1000 catheter days. Other catheter-related complications were uncommon. Catheters are still in place in 33 patients for a median of 32 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low risk of infection and other complications associated with the use of IVADs makes the use of these devices attractive in the treatment of patients with hemophilia who require frequent venous access for factor concentrate infusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zappa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laufenberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D005164:Factor IX / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005169:Factor VIII; D005164:Factor IX