title: Mechanical integrity of subchondral bone in osteochondral autografts and allografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of osteochondral graft preservation techniques on post-transplant biomechanics of graft and host subchondral bone in the knee joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental animal model (sheep), specifically the weight-bearing articular surface of the medial femoral condyle of the knee joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each sheep received, in the ipsilateral knee, an allograft that was (a) frozen without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), (b) snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or (c) frozen with DMSO. The contralateral knee received an autograft that was (a) snap-frozen, (b) treated with DMSO or (c) left untreated (fresh).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mechanical and material properties of bone, including maximal compression stress, modulus of elasticity and bone cores (from the graft centre and surrounding host bone).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found in the mechanical properties of the subchondral bone under the graft, but there were significant changes in surrounding bone. Bone surrounding the grafts that were snap-frozen or frozen without DMSO was significantly stronger than the normal control bone. However, bone surrounding fresh autografts and cryoprotected allografts was not significantly different from normal control bone. CONCLUSIONS; The changes in the mechanical behaviour of the host bone may be associated with graft cell viability. The great stiffness of the subchondral host bone may have consequences for long-term graft integrity and for the development of degenerative osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Surgery, Unviersity of Calgary, Alta.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wohl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goplen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurtig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McGann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schachar
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zernicke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D006614:Hindlimb; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D012756:Sheep; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide