title: Lower extremity arterial evaluation: are segmental arterial blood pressures worthwhile?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physiologic observations with blood flow waveform analysis and pressure measurements can document the severity of lower extremity arterial disease. Segmental blood pressures (SEGPs) taken at the thigh, calf, and ankle are commonly used, but their utility has seldom been studied. We quantified improvements in accuracy compared with arteriography when ankle pressures alone (ABI) or SEGP data were added to velocity waveforms obtained by Doppler ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous-wave Doppler velocity waveforms were recorded at common femoral (CFA), popliteal (POP), and dorsal pedal and posterior tibial (TIB) arterial levels. Systolic SEGP data were obtained with appropriately sized upper thigh, upper calf, and ankle cuffs. Waveforms, waveforms plus ABI, and waveforms plus SEGP data from 81 patients were randomly interpreted by 14 technologists or physicians from four institutions blinded to clinical and arteriographic data. Arteriograms were assigned negative or significant, severe (>75% diameter stenosis) values for four segments: iliofemoral (CFA), superficial femoral (SFA), popliteal (POP), and infrapopliteal (TIB) arteries. A total of 9072 segmental interpretations were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with arteriography, the accuracy of waveform analysis was 83% for severe disease at and proximal to the CFA, 79% for SFA disease, 64% for POP disease, and 73% for TIB disease. Adding ABI improved the accuracy significantly (p < 0.01) to 88% (CFA), 86% (SFA), 70% (POP), and 85% (TIB). Accuracy was inferior when SEGP data replaced ABI: 86% (CFA), 85% (SFA), 70% (POP), and 80% (TIB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABIs significantly improved Doppler waveform accuracy at all levels. Compared with ABI, the addition of segmental pressure to waveform data failed to improve accuracy. Pressure measurements above the ankle may lack cost effectiveness and clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Jobst Vascular Center, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Scissons
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Salles-Cunha
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dosick
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pigott
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Beebe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013599:Systole; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply; D016909:Tibial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler