title: Human immunodeficiency virus infection alters antigen-induced cytokine responses in patients with active mycobacterial diseases.
abstract: Peripheral blood cells from 29 patients with active Mycobacterium avium (MAC) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis diseases were tested for mycobacterial antigen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 production. Among MAC patients, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with an 80% decrease in those who produced IFN-gamma, resulting in a predominantly type 2 cytokine profile. HIV infection in patients with tuberculosis correlates with a 37% increase in those producing IL-4 and a type 1 to type 0 profile shift. These qualitative changes were independent of CD4+ or CD8+ cell numbers. The amounts of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 were decreased in the HIV-infected population. Quantitative reduction of IFN-gamma was the result of fewer secreting cells rather than a down-regulation at the single-cell level. Disseminated disease was restricted to 2 of 5 HIV-infected MAC patients with a type 2 cytokine profile and 4 of 5 HIV-infected tuberculosis patients with a type 0 profile. These results demonstrated a shift in mycobacterial antigen-specific cytokine profiles from type 1 to type 0 and to type 2, in parallel with AIDS progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freiji
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lagrange
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nahmias
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008875:Middle Aged; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D008934:Mitogens; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D014373:Tuberculin; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma