title: Sonographically guided placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters: review of 355 procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews our experience using sonographic guidance in the insertion of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred fifty-five PICCs were placed in 262 patients, 19-92 years old, over a 24-month period using sonographic guidance for the initial venous cannulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of punctures was 1.2, with an average procedure time of 21 min. Our overall success rate to achieve the initial venous access was 99%. I.v. contrast material was used in only 2% of the cases, after successful initial venous access with sonographic guidance alone, to allow demonstration of anatomic variations or lesions that interfered with the completion of the procedure. Two immediate minor complications occurred. A high margin of safety was provided by avoiding the use of iodinated contrast medium and by visualizing the artery and its anatomic relation to the vein before and during needle placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic guidance yielded superior three-dimensional localization of the selected vein and its precise anatomic relationship to the artery. Our experience has led us to conclude that sonographically guided placement of PICCs is a fast, safe, efficient, and inexpensive technique and should be the preferred method for PICC placement, especially in patients with no clinically identifiable peripheral vein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sofocleous
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schur
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Quintas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shelin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media