title: Endoscopically assisted decompression for metastatic thoracic neoplasms.
abstract: METHODS
  The author describes a technique for complete vertebrectomy and anterior decompression followed by a formal anterior column reconstruction, using readily available endoscopic instruments. This procedure is indicated in patients with radioresistant metastasis of the thoracic spine, particularly those involving the upper thoracic segments where a thoracotomy is difficult and causes a high rate of morbidity. This is also a suitable technique for patients with pulmonary disease who cannot tolerate a standard thoracotomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of endoscopically controlled decompression through an extrapleural, posterolateral approach.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Posterolateral decompression of the thoracic spine offers potential advantages in comparison with traditional anterior-posterior procedures combining thoracotomy and posterior instrumentation, including decreased operative time, decreased morbidity, and reduced hospital stay. Results of previous studies have not demonstrated the same benefit for posterolateral decompression as for anterior vertebrectomy and decompression. Drawbacks to the traditional posterolateral decompressions have included poor visualization of the spinal cord and anterior tumor, poor access to tumor on the side contralateral to the approach, and the need to manipulate the spinal cord to completely remove adjacent tumor and tumor adherent to the dura.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical indications, rationale, and technique are provided, and initial clinical results are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transpedicular decompression using endoscopy is described in five patients. The mean operative time for the combined procedure was 7.25 hours, with a mean blood loss of 1800 mL. Neurologic recovery and maintenance were excellent. Inpatient days averaged 7.5, and intensive care days averaged 2. One patient died of disease 8 months after surgery, and four were living, with disease, 3-24 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopically assisted decompression can reduce morbidity, hospital stay, and treatment costs while matching the efficacy of traditional combined procedures. Endoscopy provides a readily available and easily applied tool that dramatically improves the surgeon's vision, providing light, magnification, and a direct view of remote structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: McLain
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D011859:Radiography; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome