title: Urinary catecholamine levels and gingivitis in children.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship between gingivitis and emotionally stressful states measured by the urinary catecholamines in children. Three-hundred and fourteen (314) children, boys and girls, aged 6 to 8 years were included in the study. Gingivitis was recorded by the gingival bleeding index and dental plaque by the plaque control record index. Proximal decayed surfaces, faulty restorations, and stainless steel crowns were diagnosed clinically and radiographically. Information concerning systemic and socioeconomic factors was collected by a questionnaire. A 24-hour urine sample was collected for each subject and analyzed by the HPLC technique to assay the catecholamine content. The multiple-regression analysis was carried out to test whether gingivitis was affected by the studied variables. The 95% probability was used. The results showed that epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine did not have a significant association with gingival index. Dental plaque and proximal decayed surfaces significantly affected gingivitis. Of the socioeconomic factors, mother's education had a significant association with gingivitis when all factors were included in the analysis. The data suggest that emotionally stressful states may not increase the probability of developing gingivitis in children of this age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vanderas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kavvadia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papagiannoulis
mesh_terms: D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010512:Periodontal Index; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines