title: Orbitocranial penetration by a fern: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cranial and orbitocranial penetration by organic foreign material is not infrequent. It is important to identify whether penetration has occurred and to localize and remove the organic foreign material.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 15-month-old patient who suffered orbitocranial penetration with the stem of a fern. The stem passed through the orbit, exiting via the superior orbital fissure. It continued through the middle cranial fossa to end in the posterior cranial fossa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient underwent surgery, and a modified Dolenc procedure was performed. The foreign body was identified in the prepontine cistern and was removed. An extradural approach was performed to the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure, and the remaining foreign body was removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retained intracranial wood should be removed. The radiological diagnosis can be difficult, and magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice. Magnetic resonance imaging may not detect some cases of organic foreign material penetration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kahler
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Masel
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries*; D010944:Plants; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents