title: The effects of cigarette smoking on periodontal disease.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000209:etiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000209:etiology; D014945:Wound Healing