title: Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance between endothelium-derived vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors and coronary vasoconstriction in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. Thus, the present double-blind, randomized study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term, 6-month supplementation of L-arginine, the precursor of the endothelium-derived vasodilator NO, reverses coronary endothelial dysfunction to acetylcholine in humans with nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients without significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were blindly randomized to either oral L-arginine or placebo, 3 g TID. Endothelium-dependent coronary blood flow reserve to acetylcholine (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L) was assessed at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. There was no difference between the two study groups in clinical characteristics or in the coronary blood flow in the response to acetylcholine at baseline. After 6 months, the coronary blood flow in response to acetylcholine in the subjects who were taking L-arginine increased compared with the placebo group (149 +/- 20% versus 6 +/- 9%, P < 0.05). This was associated with a decrease in plasma endothelin concentrations and an improvement in patients' symptoms scores in the L-arginine treatment group compared with the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term oral L-arginine supplementation for 6 months in humans improves coronary small-vessel endothelial function in association with a significant improvement in symptoms and a decrease in plasma endothelin concentrations. This study proposes a role for L-arginine as a therapeutic option for patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction and nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn. 55905, USA. lerman.amir@mayo.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Higano
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine