title: Treatment of acute otitis media with a shortened course of antibiotics: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children to determine whether outcomes were comparable in children treated with antibiotics for less than 7 days or at least 7 days or more.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE (1966-1997), EMBASE (1974-1997), Current Contents, and Science Citation Index searches were conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of the treatment of acute otitis media in children with antibiotics of different durations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were included if they met the following criteria: subjects aged 4 weeks to 18 years, clinical diagnosis of acute otitis media, no antimicrobial therapy at time of diagnosis, and randomization to less than 7 days of antibiotic treatment vs 7 days or more of antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trial methodological quality was assessed independently by 7 reviewers; outcomes were extracted as the number of treatment failures, relapses, or reinfections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included trials were grouped by antibiotic used in the short course: (1) 15 short-acting oral antibiotic trials (penicillin V potassium, amoxicillin [-clavulanate], cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefprozil), (2) 4 intramuscularceftriaxone sodium trials, and (3) 11 oral azithromycin trials. The summary odds ratio for treatment outcomes at 8 to 19 days in children treated with short-acting antibiotics for 5 days vs 8 to 10 days was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.98) but by 20 to 30 days outcomes between treatment groups were comparable (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.54). The risk difference (2.3%; 95% CI,-0.2% to 4.9%) at 20 to 30 days suggests that 44 children would need to be treated with the long course of short-acting antibiotics to avoid 1 treatment failure. This similarity in later outcomes was observed for up to 3 months following therapy (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.90-1.50). Comparable outcomes were shown between treatment with ceftriaxone or azithromycin, and at least 7 days of other antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis suggests that 5 days of short-acting antibiotic use is effective treatment for uncomplicated acute otitis media in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kozyrskyj
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hildes-Ripstein
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Longstaffe
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wincott
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sitar
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moffatt
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D017963:Azithromycin