title: Androgen receptor expression, proliferation index and aneuploidy in tissue explant cultures derived prostate carcinoma cells co-cultivated on membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An improved explant cell culture technique to avoid selection of prostatic adenocarcinoma cells toward diploid cells is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 prostatic carcinoma specimens which were obtained from 13 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas after radical prostatectomy were cultivated. Ploidy of the cells was monitored by fluorescence in situ DNA hybridization using the centromere-specific DNA probes pUC1.77, p alpha 7t1 and pY3.4. Phenotypic examination of androgen receptor (AR) expression was performed simultaneously with immunostaining by Ki-67 as proliferation marker to identify androgen-independent growing cell clones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interestingly, a high aneuploidy rate of the cell cultures was found with maintenance of aneuploidy in 18 (86%) of the 21 paraffin-embedded cancer tissue specimens with proved aneuploidy. Significant aneuploid cell populations were retained up to a maximum of ten transfer steps. During serial transfer of tumor pieces the aneusomic fraction slightly decreased as well as the percentage of AR/Ki-67-positive cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented in vitro model allows to study the proliferation of genetically abnormal cells with respect to hormone dependency in a paracrine situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. urtzwe@med-rz.uni-sb.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zwergel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakirman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wullich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Unteregger
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D000782:Aneuploidy; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002455:Cell Division; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011944:Receptors, Androgen