title: Pulmonary microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells: differential regulation of Ca2+ and permeability.
abstract: Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) plays an important role in control of pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (ECs) barrier function. In this study, we investigated whether thapsigargin- and ionomycin-induced changes in cytosolic Ca2+ induce permeability in rat pulmonary microvascular (RPMV) versus macrovascular (RPA) ECs. In Transwell cultures, RPMVECs formed a tighter, more restrictive barrier than RPAECs to 12,000-, 72,000-, and 150,000-molecular-weight FITC-labeled dextrans. Thapsigargin (1 microM) produced higher [Ca2+]i levels in RPAECs than in RPMVECs and increased permeability in RPAEC but not in RPMVEC monolayers. Due to the attenuated [Ca2+]i response in RPMVECs, we investigated whether reduced activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry was responsible for the insensitivity to thapsigargin. Addition of the drug in media containing 100 nM extracellular Ca2+ followed by readdition media with 2 mM extracellular Ca2+ increased RPMVEC [Ca2+]i to a level higher than that in RPAECs. Under these conditions, RPMVEC permeability was not increased, suggesting that [Ca2+]i in RPMVECs does not initiate barrier disruption. Also, ionomycin (1.4 microM) did not alter RPMVEC permeability, but the protein phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A (100 nM) induced permeability in RPMVECs. These data indicate that, whereas increased [Ca2+]i promotes permeability in RPAECs, it is not sufficient in RPMVECs, which show an apparent uncoupling of [Ca2+]i signaling pathways or dominant Ca(2+)-independent mechanisms from controlling cellular gap formation and permeability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36688, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babal
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Diwan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019284:Thapsigargin; D002118:Calcium