title: Carotenoid mixtures protect multilamellar liposomes against oxidative damage: synergistic effects of lycopene and lutein.
abstract: Antioxidant activity of carotenoids in multilamellar liposomes assayed by inhibition of formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was in the ranking: lycopene> alpha-tocopherol > alpha-carotene > beta-cryptoxanthin > zeaxanthin = beta-carotene > lutein. Mixtures of carotenoids were more effective than the single compounds. This synergistic effect was most pronounced when lycopene or lutein was present. The superior protection of mixtures may be related to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie I and Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junghans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Driomina
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Briviba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sies
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D014975:Lutein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077276:Lycopene; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008081:Liposomes; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; C029684:thiobarbituric acid; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein