title: Distinct effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on splenocyte cytokine production after hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: Allogeneic blood transfusion is known to be immunosuppressive in the settings of cancer and transplantation, but the contribution of blood transfusion to immunomodulation after hemorrhage is unknown. Our purpose was to determine the influence of allogeneic blood transfusion upon cytokine profiles following hemorrhagic shock, using a model which approximates the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C3H/HeN mice were hemorrhaged via femoral arterial catheters to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 35 +/- 5 mm Hg, which was maintained for 1 h. Mice were resuscitated with autologous blood (auto BT) or allogeneic blood (allo BT) from Balb/c mice (both equivalent to volume of shed blood), and crystalloid (2X the volume of shed blood)-infused at 0.05 ml/min. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 5 days postshock, and splenocytes were cultured for 24 h with anti-CD3 antibody. Supernatants were assayed for IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and gamma-IFN by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of transfusion status, hemorrhagic shock resulted in increased IL-6 and gamma-IFN by Day 2 postshock. Distinct cytokine alterations after allogeneic transfusion were as follows. IL-2: transient elevation of splenocyte IL-2 production in the shock + allo BT group (P < 0.005 vs. shock + auto BT) at Postshock Day 2. IL-6: suppression in IL-6 production in the shock + allo BT group by Postshock Day 5 (P < 0.05 vs. shock + auto BT). IL-10: persistently elevated IL-10 production following shock + allo BT (Day 1, P < 0.001 vs. shock + auto BT; Day 5; P < 0.05 vs. shock + auto BT). gamma-IFN: elevation in gamma-IFN production by Day 5 in the shock + allo BT group (P < 0.0005 vs. shock + auto BT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allogeneic blood transfusion results in distinct alterations in splenocyte production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and gamma-IFN after hemorrhagic shock. This model reflects the clinical usage of blood products and demonstrates some of the immune alterations after transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shelby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma