title: A randomized, controlled, clinical study of laparoscopic vs open tension-free inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study was to compare laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernia repair with a standard tension-free open mesh repair (open).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 108 low-risk patients with unilateral (primary or recurrent) or bilateral hernias were randomized to TAPP (group 1 = 52 cases) or open (group 2 = 56 cases). The outcome measures included operating time, complications, postoperative pain, return to normal activity, operating theater costs, and recurrences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was longer for the TAPP than for the open group only in unilateral primary hernias. At rest, the median Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was higher for group 1 than group 2 at 48 h postoperatively. Mild to discomforting pain in the inguinal region after 7 days, night pain after 30 days, and inguinal hardening after 3 months were more frequent in group 2 than group 1. No significant differences were observed in return to normal activities between the groups. One hernia recurrence was observed after 1 month in group 1. TAPP was significantly more expensive than open.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAPP was associated with less postoperative pain than open. The increase in operating theater costs, however, was dramatic and was not compensated by shorter time away from work. TAPP should not be adopted routinely unless its costs can be drastically reduced.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Ancona, Ospedale Umberto I degrees, Piazza Cappelli 1, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paganini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lezoche
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carlei
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Favretti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feliciotti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gesuita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrieri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lomanto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nardovino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ribichini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sottili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamburini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taschieri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome