title: Geometric mismatch of pulmonary and aortic anuli in children undergoing the Ross procedure: implications for surgical management and autograft valve function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is often substantial mismatch between the diameters of the pulmonary and aortic anuli in young patients with systemic outflow tract disease. To implant the autologous pulmonary valve in the aortic position under such circumstances, it is necessary to adapt the geometry of the systemic outflow tract. The effects of such adaptations on autograft function in children are not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine factors predictive of autograft regurgitation, we analyzed 41 cases of children who have undergone the Ross procedure. The diameter of the pulmonary valve was greater (by at least 3 mm) than that of the aortic valve in 20 cases, equal (within 2 mm) in 12 cases, and less (by at least 3 mm) in nine cases, with differences ranging from +10 to -12 mm. In 12 patients with a larger pulmonary anulus, aortoventriculoplasty was used to correct the mismatch. In patients with a larger aortic anulus, the mismatch was corrected by gradual adjustment along the circumference of the autograft, rather than by tailoring of the native aortic anulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up (median 31 months), two patients had undergone reoperation on the neoaortic valve for moderate regurgitation. In the remaining 38 cases, autograft regurgitation was as follows: none or trivial in 30, mild in seven, and moderate in one. There was no correlation between regurgitation and age, geometric mismatch, or previous or concurrent procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subtle technical factors that may result in distortion of the valve complex are probably more important determinants of autograft regurgitation than are indication for repair, geometric mismatch, or previous or concomitant outflow tract procedures. Significant mismatch of the semilunar anuli is not a contraindication to the Ross procedure in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Phoon
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome