title: Prolonged and enhanced secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) after oral sucrose due to alpha-glucosidase inhibition (acarbose) in Type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: GLP-1, an incretin hormone of the enteroinsular axis with insulinotropic and glucagonostatic activity, is secreted after nutrient ingestion. GLP-1 is mainly produced by intestinal L-cells in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT); simple carbohydrates are absorbed in the upper GIT and alpha-glucosidase inhibition leads to augmented and prolonged GLP-1 release in normal subjects. In a cross-over study, 100 mg acarbose or placebo was administered simultaneously with 100 g sucrose to 11 hyperglycaemic Type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with diet and sulphonylureas. Plasma levels of GLP-1, insulin, C-peptide, glugacon, GIP, glucose and H2-exhalation were measured over 6 h. Differences in the integrated responses over the observation period were evaluated by repeated measurement analysis of variance with fasting values used as covariates. With acarbose, sucrose reached the colon 60-90 min after ingestion as indicated by a significant increment in breath hydrogen exhalation (p = 0.005). After an early GLP-1 increment 15 min after sucrose under both conditions, GLP-1 release was prolonged in the acarbose group (p = 0.001; significant from 210 to 360 min.). Initially (0-150 min), glucose (p = 0.001), insulin (p = 0.001), and GIP (p < 0.001) were suppressed by acarbose, whereas later there were no significant differences. Glucagon levels were higher with acarbose in the last 3 h of the 6 h observation period (p = 0.02). We conclude that in hyperglycaemic Type 2 diabetic patients, ingestion of acarbose with a sucrose load leads to elevated and prolonged GLP-1 release.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum (Langendreer), Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seifarth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ritzel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmiegel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nauck
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014312:Trisaccharides; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; D013395:Sucrose; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D020909:Acarbose