title: Alternative locations for internal defibrillator electrodes.
abstract: Successful defibrillation is described in two patients in whom the defibrillating electrode was positioned in the coronary sinus and right ventricular outflow tract as alternative sites. Internal cardiac defibrillation has been successful with single or multiple endocardial electrodes, epicardial patch electrodes, and subcutaneous surface electrodes (patch, array) in varying combinations and recently with an active can electrode. While the traditional location of the endocardial electrode has been the right ventricular apex, we describe two patients in whom defibrillation was successful in alternate locations, the coronary sinus and the right ventricular outflow tract.
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook Arrhythmia Study and Sudden Death Prevention Center, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8171, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Vlay
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Bilfinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chitkara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004699:Endocardium; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy