title: Extension of the protocol of OECD guideline 407 (28-day repeated dose oral toxicity test in the rat) to detect potential immunotoxicity of chemicals.
abstract: To indicate the immunotoxic potential of chemicals the examinations prescribed by OECD Guideline 407 were extended by the following additional toxicological, haematological, histopathological, and immune function examinations: absolute and relative organ weight of spleen, thymus, popliteal lymph nodes, lung and brain; histopathology of thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, popliteal lymph nodes, bone marrow (femur), Peyer's patches (ileum), lungs and colon; PFC assay (spleen), T cell proliferation and NK cell assay. Two well known immunosuppressants Azathioprine (AZA) and Cyclosporine A (CysA) were chosen as model compounds at a dose range which do not cause visible toxic signs on the animals during a 28 days treatment period. The results show that the applied experimental system is much more sensitive in detection of the immunotoxic potential of these two compounds in a low dose range than the examination required by OECD Guideline 407 are.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Institóris
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Siroki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dési
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lesznyák
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serényi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szekeres
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001379:Azathioprine