Oscillatory-sensitization model of repeated drug exposure: cocaine's effects on shock-induced hypoalgesia.
1. The authors have recently proposed that the sensitization produced by repeated exposure to drugs or stress may give way to an alternating pattern of increases and decreases in the response to each subsequent exposure (i.e., oscillate), as the limits of the physiological system are approached. 2. Evidence for oscillation has been obtained for 6 drug/non-drug stressors and 9 neurochemical or endocrine endpoints. This paper extends the model to a behavioral outcome. 3. In the first experiment, rats were given 0, 1, 2 or 3 pretreatments with cocaine hydrochloride (COC; 12 mg/kg i.p.), separated by 1-week intervals, and then were tested for footshock-induced hypoalgesia (5-sec, 2-mA), as measured by withdrawal latencies from a hot-plate. 4. The second experiment replicated the first and extended the pretreatment sequence to 5 COC injections. 5. In both experiments, shock significantly increased latencies over the no-shock controls. COC enhanced shock-induced hypoalgesia and this sensitization reached its maximum after 2 COC pretreatments. Thereafter, oscillation developed such that the sensitization was attenuated by 3 as compared to 2 COC injections, enhanced by 4 injections, and reattenuated after 5 COC pretreatments. 6. These data complement other findings by demonstrating that the oscillation model extends to a stress-induced behavioral outcome.
Caggiula
A R
AR
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Tonypsy@vms.cis.pitt.edu
Antelman
S M
SM
Kucinski
B J
BJ
Fowler
H
H
Edwards
D J
DJ
Austin
M C
MC
Gershon
S
S
Stiller
R
R
D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine