title: Activated charcoal as a potential radioactive marker for gastrointestinal studies.
abstract: The scintigraphic measurement of colonic transit is currently performed using 111In ion exchange resin pellets delivered to the colon in a capsule coated with a pH sensitive polymer, methacrylate, which dissolves in the distal ileum. However, in the USA, this requires an investigational drug permit. Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro binding characteristics of activated charcoal in milieus that mimicked gastric and small intestinal content. The in vitro incubation of activated charcoal was performed with Na99Tc(m)O4, 99Tc(m)-DTPA, 111InCl3, 111In-DTPA, 201TlCl and 67Ga-citrate in the pH range 2-4 and pH 7.2 at 37 degrees C. We estimated the association of radiopharmaceuticals with the activated charcoal over a 3 h in vitro incubation. With the exception of 67Ga-citrate, the association of activated charcoal with the other radiopharmaceuticals was approximately 100% throughout the 3 h incubation. In conclusion, activated charcoal appears to adsorb avidly with common radioisotopes, and appears promising as an alternative to resin ion exchange pellets used for the measurement of gastrointestinal transit by scintigraphy.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Mullan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry*; D013667:Technetium; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D002606:Charcoal; D013667:Technetium