title: Broad spectrum and mode of action of an antibiotic produced by Scytonema sp. TISTR 8208 in a seaweed-type bioreactor.
abstract: A photobioreactor was constructed using anchored polyurethane foam strips (1 x 1 x 40 cm) fixed onto a stainless-steel ring to prevent flotation, as a biomass support material (BSM). This type of reactor was named a seaweed-type bioreactor. A filamentous cyanobacterium, Scytonema sp. TISTR 8208, which produces a novel cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic, was immobilized in seaweed-type photobioreactor and cultivated with air containing 5% CO2 sparged at a gas flow rate of 250 mL/min under illumination at a light intensity of 200 mmol photon m-2 s-1. The antibiotic produced in the seaweed-type photobioreactor was purified by HPLC and examined regarding its spectrum and mode of action. The antibiotic effectively inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, pathogenic yeasts, and filamentous fungi, but it had only a weak effect on Gram-negative bacteria. Scanning electron micrograph analysis showed that the most characteristic change was swelling of the cells after exposure to the antibiotic. The antibiotic seems to alter the conformation of the microbial cell membrane, thereby changing its permeability, leading to osmotic shock.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chetsumon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019149:Bioreactors; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003470:Culture Media; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010455:Peptides; D012624:Seaweed
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D010455:Peptides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide