title: Sample preparation and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in individual rat embryos.
abstract: A rapid, robust, and sensitive method has been developed to measure concentrations of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in individual, day 14 rat embryos by modifying and optimizing existing methods for cellular extracts. Significant changes include: (i) oxidative degradation of ribonucleoside triphosphates using methylamine at lower pH (decreased from 6.5 to 4.0) to improve poor HPLC peak shape of early eluting nucleotides; (ii) glass fiber disc solid-phase extraction of the reaction mixture, which dramatically reduces impurities that interfere with nucleotide measurement, eliminates the necessity of column regeneration, and allows mobile phase recycling; and (iii) lower ionic strength (reduced from 0.4 to 0.26 or 0.12 M ammonium phosphate) and higher pH (increased from 3.25 to 5.55 or 6.98, respectively) mobile phase, conditions which are less destructive to the column's bonded phase and silica support, thereby contributing to longer column life. Enhancements include: (i) filtration of the sample prior to HPLC injection and addition of an in-line filter, guard column, and saturating precolumn of silica in the mobile phase flow, which aids substantially in extending column life and improves chromatographic stability, and (ii) inclusion of an internal standard to correct for mechanical losses. Limits of determination at a signal to noise ratio of 6:1 range from 5.5 to 12 pmol on-column or 0.41 to 0.87 pmol/mg of embryonic tissue depending on the specific nucleotide. Recoveries are quantitative for all nucleotides, and interassay variabilities are between 5 and 7% when quantified by peak height. The method has also been applied successfully to analysis of murine erythroleukemic cell cultures and this, when coupled with the embryo results, suggests its general utility.
authors.affiliation: National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. mole.leonard@epamail.epa.gov
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mole
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003854:Deoxyribonucleotides / Q000032:analysis*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D003854:Deoxyribonucleotides