title: Is occupational organic solvent exposure a risk factor for scleroderma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to determine whether occupational exposure to organic solvents is related to an increased risk of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma).
  
  
  METHODS
  Occupational histories were obtained from 178 SSc patients and 200 controls. Exposure scores were computed for each individual using job exposure matrices, which were validated by an industrial expert.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among men, those with SSc were more likely than controls to have a high cumulative intensity score (odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1-7.6) and a high maximum intensity score (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.1) for any solvent exposure. They were also more likely than controls to have a high maximum intensity score for trichloroethylene exposure (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.0-10.3). Among men and women, significant solvent-disease associations were observed among SSc patients who tested positive for the anti-Scl-70 autoantibody; these trends were not observed among the men and women who tested negative for anti-Scl-70.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that occupational solvent exposure may be associated with an increased risk of SSc.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-8060, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nietert
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hoel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosemeci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C048100:Scl 70 antigen, human; D012997:Solvents; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I