title: The stroke pharmacopeia: promising experimental therapies.
abstract: The development of promising acute stroke treatments is the fruit of the growing appreciation for the complex biochemical processes within neuronal tissue that commence immediately after the onset of ischemia. These biochemical cascades can be modified either by direct pharmacologic mitigation or by rapid restoration of perfusion and oxygenation. With both interventions, the ischemic tissue can remain viable and regain neurologic function rather than progress to infarction. Today the two major pharmacologic approaches to stroke therapy are neuroprotectants and thrombolytics. Neuroprotectants enable neuronal tissues to tolerate periods of minimal perfusion better, whereas thrombolytics facilitate reperfusion by disrupting the fresh thrombus. Important classes of neuroprotectants include calcium channel antagonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, benzothiazoles, and free radical scavengers. Pro-urokinase is a potentially important investigational thrombolytic. Ancrod, a defibrinogenating agent, is also currently being evaluated in acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Dent Neurological Institute, Millard Fillmore Hospital, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14209, USA.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gengo
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate