title: The expression of Fas Ligand by macrophages and its upregulation by human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL) interactions play a significant role in peripheral T lymphocyte homeostasis and in certain pathological states characterized by T cell depletion. In this study, we demonstrate that antigen-presenting cells such as monocyte-derived human macrophages (MDM) but not monocyte-derived dendritic cells express basal levels of FasL. HIV infection of MDM increases FasL protein expression independent of posttranslational mechanisms, thus highlighting the virus-induced transcriptional upregulation of FasL. The in vitro relevance of these observations is confirmed in human lymphoid tissue. FasL protein expression is constitutive and restricted to tissue macrophages and not dendritic cells. Moreover, a significant increase in macrophage-associated FasL is observed in lymphoid tissue from HIV (+) individuals (P < 0.001), which is further supported by increased levels of FasL mRNA using in situ hybridization. The degree of FasL protein expression in vivo correlates with the degree of tissue apoptosis (r = 0.761, P < 0. 001), which is significantly increased in tissue from HIV-infected patients (P < 0.001). These results identify human tissue macrophages as a relevant source for FasL expression in vitro and in vivo and highlight the potential role of FasL expression in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dockrell
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Badley
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Villacian
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Heppelmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algeciras
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ziesmer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagita
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Leibson
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Paya
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins