title: Identification of transcriptional activation and repression domains in human CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon.
abstract: Human CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon (C/EBPepsilon), a new member of the C/EBP family, significantly up-regulates both the mim-1 and human myeloperoxidase promoters, suggesting an important role for C/EBPepsilon in the transcriptional regulation of a subset of myeloid-specific genes. To elucidate the structure and function of C/EBPepsilon in transcriptional activation, amino acid residues 1-115, 147-249, or 1-249 of C/EBPepsilon were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain. These expression vectors were cotransfected with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene and, in all cell lines tested, only the GAL-C/EBPepsilon-(1-115) fusion protein significantly activated expression from the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Sixteen deletion mutants of C/EBPepsilon mapped the transactivation domain to amino acids 1-18 at the N terminus and revealed the presence of a transcription repression element between amino acid residues 116 and 162. Expression vectors containing the repression domain of C/EBPepsilon strongly inhibited gene transcription from TK, SV40, and adenoviral major late promoters bearing GAL4 binding sites. Fusion of this repression domain to the VP16 activation domain inhibited the transactivation function of VP16. Deletion of this repression domain increased gene transcription from a neutrophil elastase promoter-luciferase reporter. Taken together, these data suggest that C/EBPepsilon regulates transcription by utilizing both activation and repression functions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gombart
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chumakov
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koeffler
mesh_terms: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase