title: The utility of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap in the management of select cervical esophageal anastomotic complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of cervical esophageal anastomotic complications can be successfully managed nonoperatively. A small group of patients may have anastomotic strictures or leakage and fistula formation that are chronic and resistant to nonoperative therapy. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with the use of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap to treat these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since April 1992, four patients have undergone pectoralis myocutaneous flap repair of cervical esophageal anastomotic complications at our institution. Two patients had chronic strictures, one patient underwent prophylactic repair with a pectoralis myocutaneous flap to prevent stricture formation, and one patient had a chronic anastomotic fistula. The pectoralis myocutaneous flap was harvested in the standard fashion. The technique of anastomotic repair is described. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed to determine patient characteristics and our results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two suture line leaks developed: one small, contained leak required no intervention, and the other resolved with cervical drainage. Pneumonia, seroma at the site of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap donor, transient hoarseness, and partial skin graft loss occurred in one case each. There were no deaths. Hospital stay ranged from 12 to 22 days. A good functional result was obtained in three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that pectoralis myocutaneous flap repair of select cervical anastomotic complications is safe and well tolerated even in patients with complicated problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Heitmiller
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McQuone
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eisele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004937:Esophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome