title: Treatment of rapidly cycling bipolar patient by using extended bed rest and darkness to stabilize the timing and duration of sleep.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The modern practice of using artificial light to extend waking activities into the nighttime hours might be expected to precipitate or exacerbate bipolar illness, because it has been shown that modifying the timing and duration of sleep can induce mania in susceptible individuals. With this possibility in mind, we treated a patient with rapidly cycling bipolar illness by creating an environment that was likely to increase and to stabilize the number of hours that he slept each night.
  
  
  METHODS
  We asked the patient to remain at bed rest in the dark for 14 hours each night (later this was gradually reduced to 10 hours). Over a period of several years, his clinical state was assessed with twice-daily self-ratings, once-weekly observer ratings, and continuous wrist motor activity recordings. Times of sleeping and waking were recorded with sleep logs, polygraphic recordings, and computer-based event recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient cycled rapidly between depression and mania and experienced marked fluctuations in the timing and duration of sleep when he slept according to his usual routine, but his sleep and mood stabilized when he adhered to a regimen of long nightly periods of enforced bed rest in the dark.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fostering sleep and stabilizing its timing by scheduling regular nightly periods of enforced bed rest in the dark may help to prevent mania and rapid cycling in bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1390, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wehr
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
mesh_terms: D001510:Bed Rest; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003624:Darkness; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*