title: Typing of European strains of parvovirus B19 by restriction endonuclease analyses and sequencing: identification of evolutionary lineages and evidence of recombination of markers from different lineages.
abstract: European isolates of parvovirus B19 were analyzed by restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products of the VP1/2 coding region and sequencing of the same amplified region, five cloned fragments from each PCR product. Two main groupings were found based on three perfectly linked point deviations. On the assumption that identical point deviations causing the various restriction patterns regardless of time and origin of virus isolation were unlikely to emerge independently in different evolutionary lineages, traits of evolutionary lineages were identified, suggesting a clonal population structure of global circulating B19 strains. However, combinations of markers from different evolutionary lineages were also found, particularly in a strain derived from an individual chronically infected with B19 for more than 7 years. As chronically infected individuals might be subject to superinfections due to contacts or possibly due to blood transfusions or the administration of gamma-globulin, it is suggested that coexistence of, and recombination between variants of B19 of different phylogenetic origin incidentally occur in such individuals.
authors.affiliation: National University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen East, Denmark.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zakrzewska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hornsleth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzi
mesh_terms: D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; C095547:capsid protein VP1, parvovirus B19; C095548:capsid protein VP2, parvovirus B19; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes