title: Outcome of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic injection of epididymal and testicular sperm extracted from patients with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate IVF outcome after epididymal and testicular sperm retrieval in patients with obstructive or nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public university-affiliated IVF unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-three azoospermic patients (178 cycles).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients (103 cycles) with obstructive azoospermia (group 1) underwent either epididymal or testicular sperm retrieval, and 60 patients (75 cycles) with nonobstructive azoospermia (group 2) underwent testicular sperm retrieval combined with IVF treatment. Mature oocytes were fertilized using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. After sperm preparation, supernumerary spermatozoa were cryopreserved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocyte fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate (PR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oocyte fertilization rate was 48.4% (534/1,104) in group 1 and 41.5% (312/751) in group 2 (not significant [NS] difference). A total of 100 cycles (97.1%) and 62 cycles (82.7%) in the obstructive and nonobstructive groups, respectively, had embryos for replacement (NS difference). The clinical PRs per ET cycle were 24% (24/100) and 17.7% (11/62) in the two groups, respectively. Oocyte fertilization rates, when fresh (46.4%) or frozen-thawed (41.8%) spermatozoa were used, were not significantly different in the two groups. The PR when fresh sperm were used was 23.6% (30/127), versus 14.3% (5/35) when frozen sperm were used (NS difference). The PR for women aged < or = 35 years was similar to that for women >35 years of age (20.7% or 29/140 and 18.2% or 4/25, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epididymal and testicular sperm obtained in azoospermic patients can fertilize oocytes successfully and may lead to high fertilization rates and PRs. Freezing of these spermatozoa does not reduce the outcome of treatment significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madgar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hourvitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levron
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Raviv
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levran
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bider
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashiach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003593:Cytoplasm; D004822:Epididymis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012099:Reproductive Techniques; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013396:Suction; D013737:Testis / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome