title: Management of urethral strictures after hypospadias repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a retrospective study of patients with strictures after hypospadias repair to identify factors contributing to the development of strictures and to attempt to define an optimal strategy for management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with the diagnosis of hypospadias who had undergone direct vision internal urethrotomy, urethral dilation or urethroplasty were identified. The original location of the meatus, type of initial repair, subsequent procedures and outcome of the interventions were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 38 patients were identified. Of the 29 patients who were initially treated with direct vision internal urethrotomy or urethral dilation 23 (79%) ultimately required open urethroplasty and did well. Of the 8 patients treated with initial urethroplasty 7 had successful outcomes. Overall success, defined as asymptomatic voiding without fistula or residual stricture, was 78% at a mean followup of 6.3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stricture disease continues to be a significant complication of hypospadias reconstruction. Initial therapy should be urethral dilation but it should be recognized that the majority of these patients will ultimately require open urethroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Duel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Barthold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*