title: Genomic changes in endometrial polyps associated with tamoxifen show no evidence for its action as an external carcinogen.
abstract: Eighty-eight endometrial specimens from 36 postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen were investigated cytogenetically and molecularly using fluorescence in situ hybridization with appropriate probes for the HMGIC and HMGIY genes. Twenty control specimens, 10 endometrial polyps, and 10 endometrial biopsy specimens were investigated in the same way. Of the 88 specimens, 44 were from endometrial polyps; 3 were from endocervical polyps; 7 were from cystic endometrium; 30 were from normal or atrophic endometrium, normal endocervix, or myometrium; and 4 were from endometrial carcinomas. Chromosome investigation of the endometrial polyps showed the nature of the chromosome changes in tamoxifen-induced polyps to be the same as that in the controls and in sporadic endometrial polyps described in the literature. HMGIC and HMGIY gene rearrangements in both groups were identical as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization, which also allowed for the detection of seven hidden paracentric inversions involving 12q15, one of which occurred in a cystic endometrium. The carcinomas did not exhibit any of these changes. Because abnormal expression of HMGIC or HMGIY as a consequence of structural chromosome changes in 12q15 or 6p21, respectively, is invariably associated with benign neoplasia, tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyps are unlikely to undergo further malignant transformation, and a mode of action of tamoxifen as an external carcinogen is unlikely.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dal Cin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van den Berghe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanschura
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kazmierczak
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vergote
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deprest
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bullerdiek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van den Berghe
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015321:Gene Rearrangement / Q000187:drug effects; D025741:HMGA1a Protein; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011127:Polyps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D002273:Carcinogens; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen; D025741:HMGA1a Protein