title: Relation between tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta producing capacity of peripheral monocytes and pulmonary complications following oesophagectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia remain a significant cause of morbidity and death following oesophagectomy. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 1beta with these pulmonary complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro TNF-alpha and IL-1beta producing capacity of peripheral monocytes with or without lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and serum level of IL-6 was measured in 19 patients with oesophageal cancer before and after surgery and in ten age-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients had raised TNF-alpha and IL-1beta producing capacity of monocytes without LPS both before operation and on the day after surgery. In these patients plasma elastase and serum IL-6 levels subsequently increased while the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction inspired oxygen decreased, and they developed bilateral lung infiltration on chest radiography on days 3-7. Five of the six developed pneumonia compared with none of the remaining 13 patients (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary impairment and pneumonia following oesophageal surgery was associated with raised monocyte producing capacity of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. These markers may be valuable in the preoperative assessment of patients awaiting oesophagectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Oita Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigemitsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000097:blood; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase