title: Urinary NMP22 and karyometry in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the value of two outpatient urine tests with regard to the diagnosis and recurrence of bladder tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with a history of superficial bladder cancer were evaluated with urinary NMP22 levels (cutoff level 10 U/ml), bladder wash karyometry (low versus intermediate and high risk) and cystoscopy. All patients were followed for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of the tests were, respectively: NMP22 91.2 and 56.3%, and karyometry 80 and 33.3%. Prognostic NPV and PPV with regard to a subsequent recurrence were, respectively: NMP22 77.8 and 27.3%, and karyometry 82.6 and 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic value of NMP22 is good. Since the 3 false-negative results were in low-stage and low-grade lesions, this test could be used as a prescreening for cystoscopy. The NPV of these tests with regard to tumor recurrence is around 80%, but only karyometry has a significant PPV. Change in the follow-up policy on the basis of these tests remains difficult. In patients with neobladders NMP22 appears to be of little use, because of the high urinary NMP22 levels in the absence of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. F.Witjes@uro.azn.nl
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: van der Poel
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Balken
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Debruyne
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schalken
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007620:Karyometry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22