title: Near fatal intoxication with controlled-release morphine tablets in a depressed woman.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 46-year-old woman suffering from a reactive depression was admitted to the emergency room in coma and with severe respiratory failure. She later developed cardiovascular instability and general convulsions. Two days following admission the patient had no respiratory effort but was able to communicate in writing that she had ingested a large amount of controlled-release morphine tablets. Following treatment with naloxone she was successfully weaned from the respirator the next day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sampling for determination of plasma and urine concentrations of morphine and its metabolites morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) was started 60 h after the presumed time of intake and continued up to 8 days after admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial plasma concentrations of morphine, M3G and M6G were 2160, 13100 and 2330 nM, respectively, compatible with a lethal dose in an opioid-naive patient. The urinary recovery of morphine, M3G and M6G corresponded to 6.8 mmol, equivalent to an oral intake of at least 2500 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma concentrations of morphine and morphine metabolites documented in this case, indicative of considerable absorption of drug, demonstrate that prolonged observation is necessary following intoxications with controlled-release morphine tablets. This case also highlights the importance of continuous follow-up of oral morphine therapy, so that unused drug is not left unaccounted for in the patient's home.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westerling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Säwe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eklundh
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D003128:Coma / Q000139:chemically induced; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D009022:Morphine Derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009022:Morphine Derivatives; D013607:Tablets; C035349:morphine-6-glucuronide; D009020:Morphine; C018108:morphine-3-glucuronide