title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition has no effect on blood pressure and splanchnic perfusion after cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat, on blood pressure and splanchnic perfusion after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients were studied after coronary artery bypass grafting. After admission to the intensive care unit, a 30-minute baseline measurement of systemic hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and gastric tonometry was performed. In 6 of 10 patients receiving enalaprilat and in each of 6 control patients, regional (splanchnic and leg) blood flows were measured also. After the baseline measurement period, 10 patients received a 0.5 mg bolus of enalaprilat and thereafter an incremental infusion of enalaprilat up to a total dose of 10 mg (mean 8.3; range 4 to 10 mg) was continued to reduce the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 70 to 80 mm Hg. A 30-minute measurement period was repeated 2 to 3 hours after the first measurement period. In the control group, the second measurement was performed at corresponding time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Though MAP decreased in the enalaprilat group (enalaprilat 99 +/- 14 mm Hg v 89 +/- 21 mm Hg, P < .05; control 95 +/- 13 mm Hg v82 +/- 10 mm Hg, P = NS) in only 4 of 10 patients was the targeted MAP reduction achieved. No significant changes were observed either in systemic or regional blood flows. Systemic, pulmonary, and femoral vascular resistance indices decreased significantly in both groups. Gastric-arterial PCO2 difference did not change in either groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity decreased in the enalaprilat group (10.0 +/- 2.3 v 1.3 +/- 0.3 U x l(-1), P < .01), but plasma renin and endothelin-1 concentrations did not change in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of enalaprilat on blood pressure was poor and it had no beneficial effects on splanchnic circulation. Renin-angiotensin activation is not a major factor in hypertension and splanchnic perfusion after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parviainen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenhunen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takala
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003422:Critical Care; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015773:Enalaprilat / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D015773:Enalaprilat