title: Combination of interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptors induces differentiation and activation of JAK-STAT and MAP kinase pathways in MG-63 human osteoblastic cells.
abstract: Studies on the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bone metabolism have been accumulating. However, its effects on osteoblasts are still unclear because the results are conflicting depending on the study models employed. We reasoned that these conflicting data are due to variable expression levels of membrane-bound IL-6 receptors (IL-6Rs). In the present study, we found that IL-6 in combination with soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) consistently caused a marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase and a decrease in proliferation in the human osteoblastic cell line MG-63, which expressed no detectable membrane-bound IL-6R and failed to respond to IL-6. These effects of IL-6/sIL-6R were blocked by neutralizing antibodies to the IL-6 signal transducer gp130, suggesting an involvement of IL-6 signaling in the elicitation of the effects of IL-6/sIL-6R. Upon stimulation with IL-6/sIL-6R, the gp130, cytoplasmic Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK2 were tyrosine phosphorylated. Moreover, signal transducers and activators of transcription STAT1 and STAT3 were also tyrosine phosphorylated, translocated to the nucleus, and bound to the putative STAT-binding DNA elements. In addition, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was also activated in response to IL-6/sIL-6R These data demonstrate that sIL-6R may enhance the responsiveness of MG-63 cells to IL-6. Thus, IL-6 in collaboration with sIL-6R may modulate differentiation and proliferation of osteoblastic cells, presumably by activating two distinct signaling pathways of JAK-STAT and MAP kinase.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 78284-7877, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012995:Solubility; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase