title: Early changes in excitation-contraction coupling: transition from compensated hypertrophy to failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rat myocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims were to (1) define the early changes in excitation-contraction coupling during the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure, and (2) to clarify the causal relationship between mechanical dysfunction and abnormal Ca2+ handling in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial contractile function was assessed in whole heart perfusion studies. In separate experiments, isolated left ventricular myocytes from Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats were paced at a physiological rate of 5Hz and cell shortening (CS) and [Ca2+]i measured simulataneously by video-edge detection and fura-2 fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DS hearts developed hypertrophy after 4 weeks of a high-salt diet (4WHSD), as indicated by a 26% increase (p < 0.01) in the heart to body weight ratio and a 21% increase (p < 0.01) in cell width. Heart failure developed after 12 weeks of a high-salt diet (12WHSD), as indicated by an 11% increase (p < 0.01) in the lung wet to dry weight ratio. Furthermore, in DS-12WHSD hearts, the diastolic pressure-volume relationship had shifted rightward. DR rats did not develop hypertension and seved as age-matched controls. A 31% (p < 0.05) increase in the %CS in DS-4WHSD myocytes compared to DR-4WHSD myocytes with a trend of a parallel increase in Ca2+ transient amplitude was found. There was no difference in the Ca2+ transient parameters between DR and DS at 12WHSD, but an 18% (p < 0.01) decrease occurred in peak [Ca2+]i in DS myocytes between 4WHSD and 12WHSD. In DS-12WHSD, the time to peak shortening and the time from peak shortening to 50% and 90% relaxation was significantly prolonged by 27%, 44%, and 38%, respectively, as compared to the age-matched DR myocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that: (I) normal Ca2+ homeostasis is preserved at the stage of compensated hypertrophy; (2) the early signs of isolated myocyte dysfunction were a prolongation of the shortening and relaxation time course without an abnormal time course of the Ca2+ transient. Thus, in the hypertensive Dahl salt rat model, abnormal Ca2+ handling appears neither to precede nor initiate the transition to failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Muscle Research Laboratory, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Eberli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Apstein
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Suter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D048429:Cell Size; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium