title: Growth hormone and prolactin stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, -2, and -3, their association with p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and concomitantly PI3-kinase activation via JAK2 kinase.
abstract: Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) binding to their receptors, which belong to the cytokine receptor superfamily, activate Janus kinase (JAK) 2 tyrosine kinase, thereby leading to their biological actions. We recently showed that GH mainly stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and its association with Grb2, and concomitantly stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in liver, a major target tissue. Using specific antibodies, we now show that GH was also able to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/IRS-2 in liver. In addition, the major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in anti-p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) immunoprecipitate from liver of wild-type mice was IRS-1, and IRS-2 in IRS-1 deficient mice, but not epidermal growth factor receptor. These data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 may be a major mechanism for GH-induced PI3-kinase activation in physiological target organ of GH, liver. We also show that PRL was able to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 in COS cells transiently transfected with PRLR and in CHO-PRLR cells. Moreover, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-3 was induced by both GH and PRL in COS cells transiently transfected with IRS-3 and their cognate receptors. By using the JAK2-deficient cell lines or by expressing a dominant negative JAK2 mutant, we show that JAK2 is required for the GH- and PRL-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, -2, and -3. Finally, a specific PI3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, completely blocked the anti-lipolytic effect of GH in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. Taken together, the role of IRS-1, -2, and -3 in GH and PRL signalings appears to be phosphorylated by JAK2, thereby providing docking sites for p85 PI3-kinase and activating PI3-kinase and its downstream biological effects.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaburagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akanuma
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007329:Insulin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D007329:Insulin Antagonists; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; C108872:Irs3 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D000077191:Wortmannin