title: Atrioventricular valve function after single patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infancy: how early should repair be attempted?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Though repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infancy has become routine at most centers, it is not unusual for very young infants to be managed medically because of concerns about the fragility of the atrioventricular valve tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since July 1992, seventy-two infants have undergone primary repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects at a median age of 3.9 months (40% < 3 months). A single-patch technique was used in all patients. The cleft was closed completely in 61 patients and partially (n = 10) or not at all (n = 1) in select patients at risk for valve stenosis. Left atrioventricular valve annuloplasty was performed in 18 patients. On the basis of transesophageal echocardiographic findings, 10 patients were returned to bypass for revision of the valve repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one early death in a patient with single left papillary muscle, no early reoperations, and no new permanent arrhythmias. Only three patients had moderate left atrioventricular valve regurgitation at discharge. During a median follow-up of 24 months, there was one late death and five reoperations for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (n = 2) and/or systemic outflow obstruction (n = 4). Follow-up left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was moderate in three patients, mild in 14, and none/trace in 54. Age had no relation to postoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, death, or reoperation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite concerns about fragility of valve tissue in very young patients, excellent results can be achieved with meticulous techniques. From neonates to older infants, age at repair does not influence outcome or valve function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002404:Catheterization; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome