title: Cocaine abuse and HIV-1 infection: epidemiology and neuropathogenesis.
abstract: The epidemiology of cocaine abuse and potential relationships of cocaine withdrawal to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) are discussed. Neuroendocrinological changes in HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) are discussed with the relevant impact of cocaine abuse. HIV-1 load in the brain tissue of infected substance users is described along with possible associations with neuropathology and HAD. Finally, the molecular epidemiology and sequence heterogeneity of HIV-1 and their implications for neuropathogenesis are summarized. The complex context of addressing cocaine abuse in the setting of HIV-1 infection appears more tractable when decomposed into its components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA. kgoodkin@mednet.med.miami.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodkin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shapshak
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Metsch
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reyblat
authors.forename: K Q
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D003042:Cocaine