title: Gonadotropin and gonadal steroid release in response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in Gqalpha and G11alpha knockout mice.
abstract: In this study, we used mice lacking the G11alpha [G11 knockout (KO)] or Gqalpha gene (Gq KO) to examine LH release in response to a metabolically stable GnRH agonist (Buserelin). Mice homozygous for the absence of G11alpha and Gqalpha appear to breed normally. Treatment of (5 wk old) female KO mice with the GnRH agonist Buserelin (2 microg/100 microl, sc) resulted in a rapid increase of serum LH levels (reaching 328 +/- 58 pg/25 microl for G11 KO; 739 +/- 95 pg/25 microl for Gq KO) at 75 min. Similar treatment of the control strain, 129SvEvTacfBr for G11 KO or the heterozygous mice for Gq KO, resulted in an increase in serum LH levels (428 +/- 57 pg/25 microl for G11 KO; 884 +/- 31 pg/25 microl for Gq KO) at 75 min. Both G11 KO and Gq KO male mice released LH in response to Buserelin (2 microg/100 microl of vehicle; 363 +/- 53 pg/25 microl and 749 +/- 50 pg/25 microl 1 h after treatment, respectively). These values were not significantly different from the control strain. In a long-term experiment, Buserelin was administered every 12 h, and LH release was assayed 1 h later. In female G11 KO mice and control strain, serum LH levels reached approximately 500 pg/25 microl within the first hour, then subsided to a steady level (approximately 100 pg/25 microl) for 109 h. In male G11 KO mice and in control strain, elevated LH release lasted for 13 h; however, LH levels in the G11 KO male mice did not reach control levels for approximately 49 h. In a similar experimental protocol, the Gq KO male mice released less LH (531 +/- 95 pg/25 microl) after 13 h from the start of treatment than the heterozygous male mice (865 +/- 57 pg/25 microl), but the female KO mice released more LH (634 +/- 56 pg/25 microl) after 1 h from the start of treatment than the heterozygous female mice (346 +/- 63 pg/25 microl). However, after the initial LH flare, the LH levels in the heterozygous mice never reached the basal levels achieved by the KO mice. G11 KO mice were less sensitive to low doses (5 ng/per animal) of Buserelin than the respective control mice. Male G11 KO mice produced more testosterone than the control mice after 1 h of stimulation by 2 microg of Buserelin, whereas there was no significant difference in Buserelin stimulated testosterone levels between Gq KO and heterozygous control mice. There was no significant difference in Buserelin stimulated estradiol production in the female Gq KO mice compared with control groups of mice. However, female G11 KO mice produced less estradiol in response to Buserelin (2 microg) compared with control strain. Although there were differences in the dynamics of LH release and steroid production in response to Buserelin treatment compared with control groups of mice, the lack of complete abolition of these processes, such as stimulated LH release, and steroid production, suggests that these G proteins are either not absolutely required or are able to functionally compensate for each other.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Beaverton 97006-3499, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanislaus
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Janovick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Offermanns
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Conn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002064:Buserelin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006066:Gonads / Q000378:metabolism*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002064:Buserelin