title: Emergency endoscopic ligation of actively bleeding gastric varices with a detachable snare.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleeding gastric varices (BGV) is a challenging condition whose management remains controversial and often empirical.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the past 6 months, emergency ligation of BGV was performed in seven cirrhotic patients (five men, two women; age range 47 to 70 years) using a detachable snare. Child's grade was B in two and C in five patients. Two patients had a concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Three patients had been previously treated with either balloon tamponade or injection sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemostasis was achieved in all patients. Morbidity consisted of fever in one case. Six snares passed spontaneously, one was removed from the stomach on follow-up examination. Post-ligation ulcers were detected in all patients after treatment (mean diameter 7.4+/-2.1 mm) with no stigmata of recurrent hemorrhage. No early rebleeding was observed during hospital stay. On a mean follow-up of 3.8 months (range 2 to 6 months), no digestive hemorrhage was recorded. Ligated gastric varices were significantly 'reduced in size in four patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency ligation with detachable snare is feasible and may be an alternative life-saving method of endoscopic hemostasis in BGV.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale A. Maresca, Torre del Greco, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolletta
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotondano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piscopo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prisco
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Garofano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications*; D004630:Emergencies; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged