title: Preimplantation diagnosis of common aneuploidies by the first- and second-polar body FISH analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A low pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients of advanced maternal age may be caused by aneuploidies originating from non disjunction in the first or second meiotic divisions. We introduced genetic testing of oocytes by sampling and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the first and second polar bodies, to avoid fertilization and transfer of aneuploid oocytes in IVF patients of advanced maternal age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixty-three IVF patients 34 years and older participated in the study. Using micromanipulation procedures, the first and second polar bodies were removed following their extrusion from the oocytes and studied by FISH, using probes specific for chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 to detect oocytes with common aneuploidies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 538 IVF cycles, 3250 oocytes were available for FISH analysis, with conclusive FISH results in 2742 oocytes (84.3%). As many as 1102 (40%) of oocytes were predicted to be aneuploid and not transferred. Of 1640 embryos predicted to be normal, 1145 were transferred in 467 treatment cycles, resulting in 107 pregnancies (23%), from which 67 healthy children have been born, 32 pregnancies spontaneously aborted, and 15 pregnancies are ongoing after being confirmed normal by prenatal diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preimplantation diagnosis by first- and second-polar body FISH analysis allows us to avoid the age-related risk of common aneuploidies in IVF patients of advanced maternal age.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60657, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Verlinsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cieslak
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ivakhnenko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evsikov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lifchez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuliev
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002842:Chromatids / Q000473:pathology; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes