title: Association between regional brain volumes and clozapine response in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clozapine has shown considerable therapeutic promise in the treatment of schizophrenia; however, the clinical risks and initial high treatment costs associated with its administration motivate the search to identify patients who will best respond. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that prefrontal sulcal prominence may be a predictor of nonresponsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test whether volumes in any cortical regions of the brain were associated with symptom improvement with clozapine treatment. The 21 schizophrenic men studied were clinically evaluated during treatment with typical neuroleptics (baseline) and after a mean of 6.2 months treatment with clozapine (final dose 300-900, median = 562 mg/day). At least a 20% improvement on total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was seen in 47.6% of the schizophrenics. Clinical improvement was regressed on baseline differences in clinical severity, and the residual scores were related to MRI values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with larger anterior superior temporal lobe cerebrospinal fluid volumes (primarily sylvian fissure) showed greater improvement on total BPRS and withdrawal/retardation symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even schizophrenics with significant brain dysmorphology can have a positive clinical response to clozapine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lauriello
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mathalon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Faustman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ringo
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine