title: Influence of time off feed on broiler viscera weight, diameter, and shear.
abstract: The influence of time off feed on broiler viscera weight, intestinal diameter, and shear was studied by subjecting market-age male broilers (42, 44, or 48 d) to incremental feed withdrawal periods (0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h). Body weight was determined prior to feed withdrawal and at the time of processing. After slaughter, scalding, and defeathering, the abdominal cavity was opened. Diameter and shear of the proventriculus-ventriculus junction, jejunum, and ileum segments were measured, as were gallbladder length and width. Thoracic and abdominal viscera, liver, and ventriculus weights were determined, and liver surface color was measured. Percentage body weight loss increased with longer feed withdrawal periods, as viscera, liver, and ventriculus weights decreased. Gallbladder length increased with time off feed, whereas its width did not change. Diameter of the proventriculus-ventriculus junction, jejunum, and ileum decreased with longer feed withdrawal periods. Shear values for the proventriculus-ventriculus junction, jejunum, and ileum were not influenced by time off feed. Positive correlations (P < 0.05 and r > 0.4) between viscera weight and intestinal diameter were detected. Correlations between all measured parameters and shear values were not significant. Liver color measurements indicated that longer feed withdrawal periods resulted in significant linear decreases in L* (lightness), +a* (redness), and +b* (yellowness). Longer feed withdrawal periods decreased viscera weight and intestinal diameter, which would lower the potential for cutting the intestine during automated evisceration. However, the resulting greater gallbladder length (5 mm) would increase the possibility of bile contamination during evisceration.
authors.affiliation: Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jbuhr@negia.net
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Northcutt
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Rowland
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003116:Color; D005508:Food Deprivation; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D013997:Time Factors; D014781:Viscera / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015431:Weight Loss