title: Attention, frailty, and falls: the effect of a manual task on basic mobility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a second task on balance and gait maneuvers used in everyday life. Our hypothesis was that those who were more distracted by a familiar manual task performed concurrently with functional maneuvers were more frail and more prone to falls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design with prospective follow-up for falls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sheltered accommodation in Umeå, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two residents (30 women, 12 men; mean age +/- SD = 79.7 +/- 6.1 years), ambulant with or without a walking aid, able to follow simple instructions and able to carry a tumbler.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timed Up & Go (TUG), i.e., the time taken to rise from an armchair, walk 3 meters, turn round, and sit down again. TUG was repeated with an added manual task (TUGmanual), which was to carry a glass of water while walking. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Barthel Index, Functional Reach, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Line Bisection test were used to assess for frailty. The subjects were followed-up prospectively regarding falls indoors for a period of 6-months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with a time difference (diffTUG) between TUGmanual and TUG of > or = 4.5 seconds were considered to be distracted by the second task. Ten subjects had a difference in time of > or = 4.5 seconds. These subjects were more frail, and seven of them fell indoors during the follow-up period (odds ratio 4.7, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) 1.5-14.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time difference between the TUGmanual and the TUG appears to be a valid marker of frailty and a useful tool for identifying older persons prone to falling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lundin-Olsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gustafson
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009048:Motor Skills; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden