title: Effect of septic shock on nitrate, free amino acids, and urea in murine plasma and urine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Concentration changes of free amino acids, urea and nitrate in plasma and urine were studied for the murine model of septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  After administration of a bolus dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concentrations of amino acids and urea in plasma, and urea and nitrate in urine were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For individual amino acids four different trends were observed: (1) no change ( e.g., taurine, histidine, phenylalanine, hydroxproline); (2) continuous increase (e.g., aspartate and glutamate); (3) continuous decrease (e.g., threonine, serine, asparagine, proline, methionine, tyrosine); and (4) decrease during the first 4 hours, but return to normal at 8 hours after the LPS treatment (e.g., all the other amino acids). The ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine was increased to about 2x. In plasma, urea concentration was increased about 3x, but in urine it decreased about 4x. Nitrate levels were increased 3x in urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These early changes in the concentrations of amino acids as well as in the urea and nitrate may be useful as sensitive markers for the early and rapid diagnosis of septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Komarov
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001798:Blood Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009566:Nitrates; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine