title: No evidence for involvement of the interleukin-10 -592 promoter polymorphism in genetic susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with an autoimmune aetiology. Family studies, which have shown a significantly increased incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis in the close relatives of patients, suggest that genetic factors play a significant role in determining disease susceptibility. Several studies have previously identified loci which appear to play a role in determining this susceptibility, including the MHC class II allele HLA DR8, and the class III encoded C4A null allele (C4AQ0). Here, we have studied another candidate susceptibility locus in primary biliary cirrhosis, an apparently functional biallelic polymorphism at position -592 in the promoter region of the gene encoding the immuno-modulatory cytokine interleukin-10. Interleukin-10 plays an important role in the functional control, in vivo, of autoreactive Th-1 type CD4+ T-cells, with experimental manipulation of interleukin-10 leading to significant modulation of disease development in animal models of autoimmunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interleukin-10 -592 genotypes were studied by polymerase chain reaction in 171 well-characterised, histologically-staged, primary biliary cirrhosis patients and 141 locally matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 171 primary biliary cirrhosis patients, 99 were homozygous for the commoner allele (C/C), 68/171 (40%) were heterozygotes (A/C), whilst 4/171 (2%) were homozygous for the rarer allele (A/A). These genotype frequencies were not significantly different from those seen in controls (p=0.49, odds ratio 1.2 [0.8-1.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, in the first study of IL-10 as a candidate locus in a human autoimmune disease, suggest that IL-10 -592 is not a susceptibility locus in primary biliary cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zappala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bassendine
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059810:HLA-DR Serological Subtypes; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059810:HLA-DR Serological Subtypes; C041559:HLA-DR8 antigen; D016753:Interleukin-10