title: Relationship between hunger-satiety feelings and various metabolic parameters in women with obesity during controlled weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Satiety plays an important role in weight control. The meaning of fasting hormone levels and satiety feelings, and how post-absorptive changes after meals high in carbohydrate regulate appetite remains to be demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective metabolic study with 25 non-diabetic obese women at the Energy Metabolism Research Unit of the Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham. We analyzed fasting and postprandial ratings of hunger-satiety and values of various metabolic parameters (serum glucose and insulin, plasma cholecystokinin, respiratory quotient) during controlled weight loss. The postprandial measures were assessed following a test meal providing 320 kcal and yielding a food quotient of 0.89.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the fasting state, there was no correlation between hunger-satiety ratings and any of the measured metabolic parameters. Under postprandial conditions, satiety was positively related to glucose (p=0.002) and insulin (p=0.002) responses to the test meal. In multivariate analysis including glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin, hunger-satiety ratings and respiratory quotient, insulin was the only independent predictor of satiety in the postprandial state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest an association between the endogenous insulin response and feelings of postprandial satiety. Insulin's satiation properties, which could well be mediated by other hormones, may represent a primary factor of food intake regulation after meals relatively high in carbohydrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Heini
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lara-Castro
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Weinsier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012527:Satiation; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D002766:Cholecystokinin