title: Renal carcinoid and horseshoe kidney: a frequent association of two rare entities--a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: We report the case of a primary renal carcinoid tumor associated with a horseshoe malformation in a 43-year-old man who presented with testicular pain. The tumor was centrally located and purely solid and had features ascribed to hindgut neuroendocrine neoplasia. The relative risk of developing a carcinoid tumor in a horseshoe kidney is estimated to be x82.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bégin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Aprikian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male