title: Measurement of localized cartilage volume and thickness of human knee joints by computer analysis of three-dimensional magnetic resonance images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work demonstrates a new method for computerized measurement of the dimensions (thickness and volume) of articular cartilage for any specified region of the human knee joint. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images optimized for cartilage contrast have been analyzed using computerized edge-detection techniques, and the reproducibility of articular cartilage thickness and volume measurements is assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fat-suppressed, three-dimensional SPoiled GRass MR sequence (45/7.5/30 degrees) with total scan time of approximately 12 minutes was used to acquire volume images of human knee joints at spatial resolution of 0.6 x 1.2 x 1.2 mm. Measurements were made using six repeated scans for three healthy volunteers over a period of 2 months. The subsequent semi-automated image processing to establish total cartilage volume and cartilage thickness maps for the femur required approximately 60 minutes of operator time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean coefficient of variation for total cartilage volume for the six repeated scans for the three volunteers was 3.8%, and the average coefficient of variation for the user-selected cartilage plugs was 2.0%. The cartilage thickness maps from the repeated scans of the same knee were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard resolution MR images with fat-suppressed contrast lead to an objective and reproducible measurement of spatial dimensions of articular cartilage when analyzed semi-automatically using computerized edge-detection methods.
authors.affiliation: Herchel Smith Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge University School of Clinical Medicine, University Forvie Site, UK.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kshirsagar
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results