title: Influenza A outbreak among adolescents in a ski hostel.
abstract: An outbreak of influenza A H3N2 with a high attack rate (49%) and abrupt onset (69% became ill within 2 days) occurred among 81 ski school participants who stayed in a crowded hostel in Austria in early 1997. Two students were hospitalized with pneumonia; one of them died. Cultures of blood and/or respiratory secretions from the hospitalized students yielded toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Influenza A H3N2 was confirmed serologically in four participants, including one surviving hospitalized student, and by polymerase chain reaction of lung tissue from the deceased student. This investigation demonstrates that influenza can cause an explosive outbreak among skiers in a crowded hostel, leading to severe complications among previously healthy adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lyytikäinen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Timm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vieth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammon
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012865:Skiing; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004279:DNA, Viral