title: Transnasal endoscopic repair of congenital choanal atresia: long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short- and long-term success of the repair of congenital choanal atresia using the transnasal endoscopic approach with and without power instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series in a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with either unilateral or bilateral congenital choanal atresia were treated using the transnasal endoscopic approach. Postoperative stenting was used in all 15 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The senior surgeon (C.W.G.) currently uses the transnasal endoscopic drill-out technique. We describe our experience and long-term follow-up of 15 patients (9 with unilateral atresia, 5 with bilateral atresia, and 1 with unilateral stenosis) who were treated with the use of the transnasal endoscopic technique during a 7-year period. In 8 patients, the transnasal endoscopic technique was performed using conventional biting instruments, and in 7 patients, the transnasal endoscopic technique with power instruments was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patency of the surgical repair of congenital choanal atresia by the transnasal endoscopic approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 14 patient procedures, 12 remained patent. One patient required minor debridement of granulation tissue 1 week following stent removal, and 1 patient required surgical transnasal revision 2 months after the primary procedure, with a patent result after the second procedure. Despite patent choanae being achieved, 1 patient died of cardiac anomalies 8 months after the atresia repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transnasal endoscopic route offers excellent visualization of the posterior choana and, hence, the ability to open the defect widely with a high surgical success rate. Newer powered instrumentation further enhances the ability to perform this technique cleanly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Josephson
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Vickery
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002754:Choanal Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome