title: Lipoteichoic acid as an inducer of acute uveitis in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the capacity of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) to induce intraocular inflammation in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  LTA obtained from Staphylococcus aureus and three different streptococcal species were suspended in saline solution in various concentrations and were injected into one footpad of female Lewis rats. The uveitic changes were assessed by conventional clinical and histopathologic procedures, whereas the intensity of inflammation in the anterior chamber (AC) was evaluated by the measurement of protein concentration and cell density in the aqueous humor (AH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTA from S. aureus induced a strong intraocular inflammation between 24 and 30 hours after injection. The inflammatory reaction was observed in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose of 15 mg/kg LTA, the protein concentration and cell counts in the AH were 5.6 +/- 0.5 mg/ml and 4075 +/- 1193 cells/microl, respectively. When LTAs of streptococcal origin were used, cells were undetected in the AH and protein concentration increased only two- or threefold compared with the control group. In pathologic examination, inflammatory cells were found in the AC and posterior chamber only after the injection of S. aureus LTA. In systemic evaluations of the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, gut, brain, joint, and eye performed 6, 24, and 48 hours after the challenge, inflammatory lesions were found only in the eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LTA, especially of S. aureus origin, induces anterior uveitis in the rat. This model may be useful for investigation of Gram-positive bacterial infection and uveitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hanashiro
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000378:metabolism; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013291:Streptococcus; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C009900:lipoteichoic acid