title: Contrasting levels of p21ras activation and expression of neurofibromin in peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour and neuroblastoma cells, and their response to retinoic acid.
abstract: Ras protooncogenes encode small guanine nucleotide binding proteins (p21ras) activated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of p21ras is predominantly regulated by the GTPase activating proteins type 1 GAP120 and neurofibromin. Increased levels of p21ras-GTP (active) have been associated with increased cell growth and malignant transformation. In this study the relationship between p21ras, type 1 GAP120 and neurofibromin with growth and differentiation has been examined in neuroblastoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) cell lines. The level of p21ras protein in neuroblastoma and pPNET cells was the same. However, the amount of p21ras-GTP bound was higher in pPNET than in neuroblastoma cells. This most likely reflects the absence of neurofibromin. Retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation and growth inhibition of neuroblastoma cells was associated with an increase in type 1 GAP120 and neurofibromin mRNA, and a decrease in p21ras-GTP. In pPNET cells levels of type 1 GAP120 but not neurofibromin mRNA were increased to similar levels to those in neuroblastoma cells. This was not associated with decreased p21ras-GTP, modulation of growth or change in morphology. In summary, constitutive activation of p21ras may have a role in the biology of pPNET cells. This may reflect abnormalities in neurofibromin expression, and could inpart explain why RA did not induce morphological differentiation and growth inhibition in pPNETs.
authors.affiliation: Candlelighter's Children's Cancer Research Laboratory, Cancer Medicine Research Unit, Leeds, UK. S.A.Burchill@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burchill
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D025542:Neurofibromin 1; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020703:ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D025542:Neurofibromin 1; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020703:ras GTPase-Activating Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)