title: Results of postmortem examination of psittacine birds with cardiac disease: 26 cases (1991-1995).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize prevalence and type of cardiac disease evident in psittacine birds during postmortem examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 psittacine birds with gross and histologic evidence of cardiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of postmortem examinations of psittacine birds necropsied during a 4-year period were reviewed. Data on gross and histologic evidence of cardiac disease were analyzed. Birds identified included those in which congestive heart failure (CHF) was considered the primary cause of death and those in which substantial cardiac disease was evident, despite a lack of postmortem findings supportive of CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 269 psittacine birds necropsied, 26 (9.7%) had evidence of cardiac disease. In 15 (58%) birds with cardiac disease, changes consistent with CHF were evident and were sufficiently severe as to be considered the cause of death. The remaining 11 birds had cardiac lesions secondary to other systemic diseases; cardiac lesions were considered to be an incidental finding in these birds, and CHF was not evident. Of the 15 birds with CHF, 10 had evidence of right ventricular or biventricular failure, whereas only 5 had evidence of left ventricular failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of cardiac disease in the psittacine birds reported here was similar to that seen clinically in other companion animals. The high incidence of right ventricular or biventricular heart failure in psittacine birds was similar to that for poultry in which lesions of right-sided heart failure predominate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Oglesbee
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oglesbee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011563:Psittaciformes; D012189:Retrospective Studies