title: Ultrasonically dense amniotic fluid in early pregnancy in asymptomatic women without vaginal bleeding. A report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the second trimester of pregnancy, the presence of free-floating particles in the amniotic fluid on ultrasonography has been associated with aggregates of cells or fetal blood and with unexplained elevation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and the later development of abruptio placentae and fetal distress. During the third trimester, particulate amniotic fluid is thought to represent meconium or vernix.
  
  
  METHODS
  An unusual, ultrasonically dense appearance of the amniotic fluid was noted prior to 18 weeks of pregnancy in two asymptomatic women who carried exencephalic fetuses. In both cases, prenatal evaluation of the amniotic fluid suggested that the free-floating particles were due to the presence of blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed ultrasonographic evaluation should be undertaken should dense amniotic fluid be detected early in pregnancy because this sign may help in the early diagnosis of fetuses with congenital malformations likely to bleed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vengalil
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santolaya-Forgas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000757:Anencephaly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal