title: Buccal mucosal grafts for urethral reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients requiring urethral reconstruction but who have a paucity of usable genital tissue present a considerable technical challenge. Herein we report the experience of three centers in the use of buccal mucosa for urethral replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1991 to 1996, 22 urethral reconstructions were completed using a graft of buccal mucosa. Eighteen of 22 patients had previously failed hypospadias repairs, while three had bulbar urethral stricture and one had penile carcinoma. Grafts were taken from either the inner cheek or the lower lip, and seven were used as a combined graft. Onlay grafts were used in 6 cases and tubularized grafts in 16 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients developed complications at the donor site. Nine of 22 patients had complications of the urethroplasty-two had meatal stenosis, four developed a urethral fistula, and three developed urethral stricture. All complications have been managed successfully to date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buccal mucosa is an excellent source of graft material for urethral replacement in complex urethroplasties. It is readily available, in abundant supply, and has physical properties beneficial to free graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology and Plastic Surgery, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Caldamone
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Edstrom
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koyle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hulbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000601:surgery