title: Effects of clozapine on in vitro immune parameters: a longitudinal study in clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients.
abstract: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent with immunomodulatory properties. We hypothesized that in vitro immune parameters of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are affected in the course of clozapine treatment and that clozapine per se, added in vitro to PBMC cultures of clozapine-treated patients, exerts differential effects in the timecourse of treatment in vivo. We measured proliferation and cytokine secretion of PBMC, serum autoantibodies, and immunoglobulin levels in 17 patients before and during the first 6 weeks of clozapine treatment. Independent of clozapine dosage and rectal temperature, clozapine treatment in vivo suppressed proliferation and shedding of sIL-2r by PBMC, and the addition of clozapine in vitro induced, relative to unstimulated conditions, PBMC proliferation and secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2r. Serum IgG levels were increased; whereas, autoantibody pattern was unaffected. Thus, clozapine treatment and the addition of clozapine in vitro exert differential effects on various in vitro immune parameters independent of clozapine dosage and rectal temperature in the course of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hinze-Selch
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullington
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holsboer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pollmächer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003024:Clozapine