title: Comparison of amikacin dosing regimens in neutropenic guinea pigs with Escherichia coli infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To derive pharmacokinetic data for 3 amikacin dosing regimens in guinea pigs and to determine whether the antibacterial activity of 15 mg/kg of body weight given twice daily is equivalent to administering the drug more frequently.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 guinea pigs in pharmacokinetic trials, and 10 guinea pigs in pretreatment, control, and amikacin treatment groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amikacin pharmacokinetic data were determined in guinea pigs after single i.m. administration of 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg. Guinea pigs had been made neutropenic by treatment with cyclophosphamide. All guinea pigs were inoculated with 2.8 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli in the thigh muscle, then were allotted to 5 groups: pretreatment (euthanized 4 hours after inoculation), control, and 3 amikacin treatment groups (3.75 mg/kg, q 3 h; 7.5 mg/kg, q 6 h; and 15 mg/kg, q 12 h). Amikacin administration was begun 4 hours after E coli inoculation and was continued for 72 hours. Numbers of E coli CFU in infected thigh muscle were determined for each guinea pig.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Difference in survival between control and the amikacin-treated groups was significant. The E coli infection concentration (log10 CFU) increased significantly in the control, compared with the pretreatment, group. Infection concentration decreased significantly in all treatment groups, compared with the pretreatment group. There was no significant difference in bacterial killing among the 3 treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amikacin had a significant effect on survival of neutropenic guinea pigs with E coli infection. Antibacterial activity did not differ among 3 doses of amikacin administered at different intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aminoglycoside dosing regimen with high peak concentration and long drug-free interval is as efficacious as divided dose regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosin
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006207:Half-Life; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000209:etiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000583:Amikacin