title: Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 2. Etiology.
abstract: The concept of etiology is analyzed and the possibilities and limitations of deterministic, probabilistic, and fuzzy etiology are explored. Different kinds of formal structures for the relation of causation are introduced which enable us to explicate the notion of cause on qualitative, comparative, and quantitative levels. The conceptual framework developed is an approach to a theory of causality that may be useful in etiologic research, in building nosological systems, and in differential diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making, and controlled clinical trials. The bearings of the theory are exemplified by examining the current Chlamydia pneumoniae hypothesis on the incidence of myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: University of Münster Medical Institutions, Theory of Medicine Department, Germany. kzadeh@smi.stanford.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadegh-Zadeh
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae; D003657:Decision Making; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D008128:Logic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D012107:Research Design