title: The carbon dioxide laser as an aid in apicoectomy: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To achieve the required goal of optimally sealing the apical section and the root-canal when performing an apicoectomy, the authors decided to use the CO2 laser as an additional aid.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The CO2 laser has previously shown to have an excellent sealing effect on dentin surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this in vitro study, the authors examined the effects of CO2 laser application in apicoectomies with the help of color penetration tests and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations. Sections and root canals were irradiated with low power (0.5 W) in continuous wave mode for totally 20 sec. The thermal stress for the adjacent tissues attaching thereto is moderate as shown by infrared-spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison with nonirradiated samples revealed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced color penetration at the section to a minimum. Also, irradiation of the root-canal wall resulted in satisfactory sealing of the surface. These findings were supported by the results of the SEM examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2 laser treatment optimally prepares the tooth for final intraoperative filling because of sealing of the dentinal tubules, the resultant elimination of niches for bacteria and the sterilizing effect of the laser.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gutknecht
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goharkhay
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schoop
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wernisch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pöhn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sperr
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000528:radiation effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009354:Neodymium; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009354:Neodymium