title: Induction of mucosal immunity against herpes simplex virus type 1 in the mouse protects against ocular infection and establishment of latency.
abstract: Immune responses were assessed after intranasal immunization of mice with a mixture of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins with cholera toxin and its B subunit as adjuvant. Antigen-specific serum antibodies, which were largely IgG with IgG1 the major subclass, neutralized virus in vitro with a titer equivalent to that elicited by active infection. Significant levels of antigen-specific IgA were found in mucosal fluids of the eye as well as the vagina. Lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes showed secondary proliferative responses when cultured with HSV-1 in vitro, in immunized mice only, with the production of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, and interleukin-5. After ocular challenge, immunized mice were protected against the development of severe eye disease, zosteriform spread, or encephalitis, whereas the incidence of clinical symptoms in mock-immunized mice was 83%, 74%, and 52%, respectively. Finally, the incidence of latency was reduced from 88% to 13% after intranasal immunization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Claire.M.Richards@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimeld
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014611:Vaccination; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin