title: Catecholamines inhibit growth in fetal sheep in the absence of hypoxemia.
abstract: To evaluate contributions of catecholamines to inhibition of growth during chronic hypoxemia or severe undernutrition, epinephrine (Epi; 0.25-0.35 microg . kg-1 . min-1) or norepinephrine (NE; 0.5-0.7 microg . kg-1 . min-1) was administered to normoxemic fetuses in twin-pregnant ewes for 8-12 days, from 125 to 127 days of gestation. Both had similar effects and decreased fetal weight by approximately 20% relative to control twins (P < 0.01). Weight gain ceased during infusion of Epi or NE (-21 +/- 14.8 or 14 +/- 20.9 g/day), whereas controls gained 93 +/- 13.2 g/day (P < 0.01). Effects on tissues and organs varied, spleen and thymus being most retarded, whereas brain weight and skeletal measures were affected little. Selected muscles from infused fetuses weighed 72% of those in controls. Growth ceased during infusion (P < 0.001). Weight gain of hindlimb bones was negligible, but length increased at 56% of control rates. Arterial blood CO2 and plasma insulin were decreased (P < 0.001), but plasma glucose, growth hormone, and blood oxygenation increased (P < 0.001). Actions of Epi and NE could underlie asymmetrical growth retardation occurring in many adverse physiological situations during fetal development.
authors.affiliation: Growth and Development Unit, University of Oxford, University Field Laboratory, Wytham, Oxford OX2 8QJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005740:Gases / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012756:Sheep / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D006728:Hormones; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine