title: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a new insight into an old enigma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To relay the current knowledge on the interaction between cytokines, growth factors, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and to propose a new insight into the pathogenesis of OHSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major studies that have reported on the association between cytokines, growth factors, and OHSS were identified through MEDLINE searches and through the published literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, were found to have a role, either in the prediction or pathogenesis of OHSS. Moreover, intravenous immunoglobulin, which has an anticytokine nature and inhibits the secretion of various cytokines, was shown to prevent the development of OHSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current knowledge indicates a close interaction between cytokines, growth factors, and OHSS. Further understanding of these interactions may lead to different understanding of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orvieto
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ben-Rafael
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors