title: Phase III study of intensive weekly chemotherapy with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus standard chemotherapy in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic significance of cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) compared with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine, alternating with cisplatin and etoposide (CAV/PE) for extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-seven patients were randomized. CODE consisted of cisplatin 25 mg/m2 weekly for 9 weeks; vincristine 1 mg/m2 on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6; and doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 and etoposide 80 mg/m2 for 3 days on weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. G-CSF 50 micrograms/m2 was administered on the days when chemotherapy was not administered. CAV/PE consisted of cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2; doxorubicin 50 mg/m2; and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, which alternated every 3 weeks with cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall response rates were 77% for the CAV/PE arm and 84% for the CODE arm respectively (15% complete response in both arms). The median survival times were 10.9 months in the CAV/PE arm and 11.6 months in the CODE arm (P = .1034). The achieved dose-intensity for CODE was approximately twice that for CAV/PE for those drugs common to both arms. The incidence of leukopenia did not differ between the two arms, but anemia and thrombocytopenia had a significantly higher incidence in the CODE arm. Four treatment-related deaths from neutropenic fever occurred in the CODE arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CODE group had a similar median survival to the CAV/PE group. It does not appear that CODE is a useful approach to improve survival in ED SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Kinki Central Hospital for Chest Diseases, Osaka, Japan. ha7k-frs@asahi-net.or.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saijo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin