title: Sequential progression of the differentiation program by bone morphogenetic protein-2 in chondrogenic cell line ATDC5.
abstract: During embryonic development of long bones, chondroprogenitor cells exhibit the transitions of phenotype, i.e., from type I collagen-expressing cells to type II collagen-expressing chondrocytes through cellular condensation (early-phase differentiation) and then to type X collagen-expressing mineralizing chondrocytes (late-phase differentiation). The chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 displays the sequential transitions of phenotype in a synchronous manner in vitro. Taking advantage of the sequential differentiation, the effects of growth factors were evaluated at each differentiation step of ATDC5 cells. Among the factors examined, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) specifically stimulated a progression of the early-phase differentiation. Rounded chondrocytic cells were formed all over the culture plates by skipping out a cellular condensation stage. Fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulated growth of undifferentiated ATDC5 cells, but failed to stimulate overt chondrogenesis. The proliferation of differentiated cells ceased as cartilage nodules became maturated. At this stage, BMP-2 markedly up-regulated expression of type X collagen mRNA (a 9.1-fold increase) and alkaline phosphatase mRNA (a 7.5-fold increase) within 48 h. On the other hand, it down-regulated expression of type II collagen and parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor mRNAs, markers of the early differentiation. BMP-2 stimulated the formation of calcified matrix, an end product of terminally differentiated chondrocytes. These results indicated that BMP stimulated the sequential progression of early- and late-phase differentiation of ATDC5 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shukunami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraki
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002999:Clone Cells; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D053495:Osteopontin; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D053495:Osteopontin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase