title: Permanent cardiac pacing.
abstract: Implantation of a permanent pacemaker is the most commonly performed surgical operation involving the heart. The modern cardiac pacemaker is a complex device that can sense and pace in both the atrium and ventricle. It also modulates the pacing rate based on sensed physiologic parameters. This article reviews the fundamental principles of pacemaker technology and provides the emergency physician with approaches to common pacemaker problems.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic and Cardiovascular Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Hoon
mesh_terms: D004562:Electrocardiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification