title: Clonidine does not potentiate the antipsychotic effects of neuroleptics in chronically ill patients.
abstract: Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive and has been prescribed widely for more than 20 years. Because it decreases central norepinephrine activity, clonidine has been investigated as an antipsychotic. In most of the preliminary studies, clonidine was tested as the sole antipsychotic agent. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to compare a placebo plus a neuroleptic to clonidine plus a neuroleptic in a group of 16 chronically psychotic patients. Of these 16, 3 dropped out secondary to side effects of the clonidine and 1 withdrew from the study. The clonidine dosage varied from 0.2 to 0.6 mg per day. The concurrent neuroleptic (one of the following: haloperidol, thiothixene, thioridazine, mesoridazine, or fluphenazine) averaged 34 mg per day of haloperidol equivalents. Symptoms were monitored using the Psychiatric Symptoms Assessment Scale. The data provided evidence that a clonidine/neuroleptic combination was not more effective than a neuroleptic alone in this group of patients. These data suggest that the central antinorepinephrine activity of a neuroleptic is not potentiated further by clonidine.
authors.affiliation: Seven Counties Services, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hedges
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: El-Mallakh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elkashef
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003000:Clonidine