title: Lidocaine iontophoresis for topical anesthesia before intravenous line placement in children.
abstract: In a double-blind randomized trial including 42 children aged 7 to 18 years, less pain occurred with intravenous placement after iontophoresis of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, as reported by patients (p = 0.005), parents (p = 0.001), intravenous personnel (p = 0.009), and investigators (p = 0.0002) compared with placebo therapy. Lidocaine iontophoresis provides rapid and effective topical anesthesia for intravenous access in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Egleston Children's Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Zempsky
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cucina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008012:Lidocaine; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine