title: Quality evaluation of radiographic contrast media in large-volume prefilled syringes and vials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors compared the particle contaminations of radiographic contrast media packaged in large-volume prefilled syringes and vials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Particle counting was performed for four contrast media packaged in large-volume prefilled syringes (iohexol, ioversol, ioversol for angiography, and ioxaglate) and three contrast media packaged in vials (iohexol, ioversol, and ioxaglate). X-ray emission spectrometry was performed to characterize the individual particles. The amount of silicone oil in the syringe was quantified with infrared spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particle contamination in syringes containing ioversol was higher than that in syringes containing iohexol or ioxaglate. Particle contamination in the vials was relatively low, except with ioxaglate. X-ray emission spectrometry of the components of the syringe and vial showed that the source of particles was internal material released from the rubber stopper or inner surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The particle counts for contrast media packaged in syringes and vials varied considerably among the different contrast media and were related to the amount of silicone oil on the inner surface and rubber piston of the syringe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sendo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaginuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oishi
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004349:Drug Packaging; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011786:Quality Control; D012408:Rubber / Q000032:analysis*; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012827:Silicone Oils; D012408:Rubber