title: Intravenous lidocaine attenuates acute lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid aspiration in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophils play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acid-induced acute lung injury. Lidocaine inhibits the function of neutrophils. This study aimed to determine whether lidocaine attenuates acute lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl) instillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In study 1, rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 7 each). Lung injury was induced by intratracheal HCl (0.1 N, 3 ml/kg) in two groups. The other two groups received saline intratracheally. Lidocaine given intravenously (2 mg/ g bolus + 2 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) infusion) was started 10 min before intratracheal instillation in one HCl and one saline group, and saline was given intravenously in the other two groups. In study 2, rabbits (four groups of seven animals each) received HCl (0.1 N, 3 ml/kg) intratracheally. Treatment with intravenous lidocaine was started 10 min before, 10 min after, or 30 min after acid instillation, or saline was given intravenously 10 min before instillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study 1, HCl caused deterioration of the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lung leukosequestration, decreased lung compliance, and increased the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Lidocaine pretreatment attenuated these changes. Hydrochloric acid increased superoxide anion production by neutrophils and caused morphologic lung damage, both of which were lessened by lidocaine. In study 2, lidocaine given 10 min after acid instillation was as effective as pretreatment in PaO2, lung mechanics, and histologic examination. However, PaO2 changes in lidocaine 30 min after injury were similar to those in saline given intravenously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous lidocaine started before and immediately after acid instillation attenuated the acute lung injury, in part by inhibiting the sequestration and activation of neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obara
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils; D009929:Organ Size; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D011654:Pulmonary Edema; D011817:Rabbits; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid