title: The prognostic significance of the biomarkers p21WAF1/CIP1, p53, and bcl-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical course of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) varies considerably among patients. New biologic markers are needed to facilitate the stratification of individual patients within the conventional clinicopathologic stages of LSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three LSCCs from an equal number of patients who received at least 10 years of follow-up were investigated for p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, and bcl-2 protein expression by immunohistochemical techniques. The results were correlated with various clinicopathologic parameters, DNA content, and patient outcome by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stage IV disease, large tumor size (>3 cm), positive lymph node status, extranodal extension, and p53 overexpression (in > 75% of cells) correlated significantly with prognosis in univariate analysis. There was no correlation between patient outcome and age, gender, race, histologic differentiation, or expression of bcl-2 or p21WAF1/CIP1. In multivariate analysis, lymph node status and p53 overexpression were the only factors significantly associated with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High p53 expression and positive lymph node status were independent predictors of the outcomes of patients with LSCC. These factors may assist in prognostication and better classification of patients for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Chen Kung University Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ordonez
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Clayman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goepfert
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Batsakis
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53