title: Quantitation of bacteria in blood of typhoid fever patients and relationship between counts and clinical features, transmissibility, and antibiotic resistance.
abstract: Salmonella typhi was isolated from 369 and Salmonella paratyphi A was isolated from 6 of 515 Vietnamese patients with suspected enteric fever. Compared with conventional broth culture of blood, direct plating of the buffy coat had a diagnostic sensitivity of 99.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 100%). Blood bacterial counts were estimated by the pour plate method. The median S. typhi count in blood was 1 CFU/ml (range, <0.3 to 387 CFU/ml), of which a mean of 63% (95% CI, 58 to 67%) were intracellular. The mean number of bacteria per infected leukocyte was 1.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.7 to 2.4) CFU/cell (n = 81). Children (< 15 years old; n = 115) had higher median blood bacterial counts than adults (n = 262): 1.5 (range, <0.3 to 387) versus 0.6 (range, <0.3 to 17.7) CFU/ml (P = 0.008), and patients who excreted S. typhi in feces had higher bacteremias than those who did not: a median of 3 (range, <0.3 to 32) versus 1 (range, <0.3 to 68) CFU/ml (P = 0.02). Blood bacterial counts declined with increasing duration of illness (P = 0.002) and were higher in infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. typhi (1.3 [range, <0.3 to 387] CFU/ml; n = 313) than in infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive S. typhi (0.5 [range, <0.3 to 32] CFU/ml; n = 62) (P = 0.006). In a multivariate analysis this proved to be an independent association, suggesting a relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence in S. typhi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Centre for Tropical Diseases, Cho Quan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Diep
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media