title: Role of NF-kappaB-mediated interleukin-8 expression in intraocular neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-8 in intraocular neovascularization and the mechanism of its production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interleukin-8 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in vitreous and aqueous fluid obtained from patients with neovascular diseases. Localization of IL-8 was examined by immunohistochemistry. An in vitro angiogenesis assay was performed on collagen gels, by using bovine aortic endothelial cells to determine the effect of the vitreous fluid. In bovine retinal glial cells under hypoxia, NF-kappaB activation was evaluated by immunoblot analysis and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of IL-8 in vitreous fluid of patients with retinal neovascularization was significantly higher than that of patients without neovascular disease. Interleukin-8 immunostaining was detected in vascular endothelial cells and glial cells in the retinas with neovascularization. Vitreous fluid with high concentrations of IL-8 induced tubular morphogenesis in endothelial cells, and this effect was inhibited to a similar extent by neutralizing antibodies to IL-8 or to VEGF. In glial cells, in vitro, hypoxia induced NF-kappaB activation and increased IL-8 and VEGF mRNA. Furthermore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, prevented the induction of the IL-8 gene, but not that of the VEGF gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-8 induced by hypoxia and mediated by NF-kappaB may contribute to the pathogenesis of intraocular neovascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inomata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008222:Lymphokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid