title: Intraoperative non-puncture laparoscopic examination of contralateral internal inguinal rings is feasible in children with unilateral hydrocele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative non-puncture laparoscopic examination using the hernia sac as the scope entrance has been successfully conducted in children with unilateral inguinal hernia. This technique selects patients for contralateral inguinal exploration. In spite of the thin and narrow processus vaginalis, children with unilateral hydrocele encounter the same problem of subsequent contralateral inguinal hernia or hydrocele. In this study, we discuss the feasibility of this technique in children with unilateral hydrocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1993 to September 1995, 91 children with unilateral hydrocele were examined during surgery at our institution. The results, including success rate, complications, patent rate of contralateral internal ring and contralateral subsequent hernia or hydrocele, at at least one year follow-up, were compared with those of 329 children with unilateral hernia undergoing the same examination during this period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A patent contralateral processus vaginalis was recognized in 31 children and all were confirmed by surgical exploration. The examination failed in three patients, of whom two had a tear in the processus vaginalis and one had retroperitoneal air dissection as a result of false insertion of the laparoscopic sheath. One patient had a postoperative wound infection. No patient with contralateral obliterated processus vaginalis developed inguinal hernia or hydrocele during follow-up of at least one year. The results were similar to those of the 329 children with hernia who underwent the same procedure in the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative non-puncture laparoscopic examination is feasible in children with unilateral hydrocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000175:diagnosis*