title: Obstetric complications, treatment response and brain morphology in adult-onset and early-onset males with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substantial variability in age at onset of illness and course of illness exists between patients with schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that age at illness onset may be useful in defining biologically and clinically distinct subgroups of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ten males with schizophrenia were classified as early-onset or adult-onset according to their age at first hospitalization. Birth history, clinical functioning and treatment response was assessed in a subgroup of patients. Brain anatomy was assessed from CT scans in all patients and in 32 non-psychiatric control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with an early-onset were likely to have a history of obstetric complications, a poor response to neuroleptic treatment, and showed no relationship between ventricle size and duration of illness. Adult-onset patients were less likely to have obstetric complications, more likely to respond to treatment in the first years of illness, and showed an association between brain structure and duration of illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distinction between early- and adult-onset patients may have important aetiological and treatment implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kopala
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lapointe
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: MacEwan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falkai
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Honer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed