title: Interleukin-6 and epidermal growth factor promote anchorage-independent growth of immortalized human prostatic epithelial cells treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin (IL)-6 are implicated in the growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells. We investigated the role of EGF and IL-6 during the process of prostate carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using growth in soft agar as an index of transformation, we examined the effect of EGF and IL-6 on the enhancement of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-initiated transformation of immortalized, nontumorigenic prostatic epithelial cell lines (PWR-1E and RWPE-1) developed in our laboratory. The effect of EGF and IL-6 on the growth of MNU-induced transformants isolated from soft agar was assessed both in monolayer culture and in a soft agar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a 1 hr exposure to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (50 microg/ml), cells (5 x 10(4)) were grown in soft agar in the presence of EGF (5 ng/ml) or IL-6 (10 or 100 ng/ml). Addition of EGF or IL-6 significantly increased colony formation in soft agar of both immortalized prostatic epithelial cell lines initiated with MNU (P < 0.001-0.05). Only a very small number of colonies was observed with the parental cell lines PWR-1E and RWPE-1 not exposed to MNU, and their numbers increased by the addition of EGF or IL-6. All of the transformants, derived by exposure to MNU and isolated from soft agar, exhibited a higher cell growth potential in monolayer cultures than did their parental cell lines. Furthermore, as compared to the parental cell lines, growth response of MNU-transformants to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT), EGF, or IL-6 in monolayer culture was better in 5 of 8, 6 of 8, and 7 of 8 cell lines, respectively. All of the MNU-transformants exhibited a far higher colony-forming efficiency in soft agar than did the parental cell lines. However, the degree of responsiveness to EGF or IL-6 in soft agar varied among the MNU-transformants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that IL-6 and EGF may enhance prostate carcinogenesis in vitro by preferentially stimulating the growth of transformed cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quader
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oyasu
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008770:Methylnitrosourea / Q000633:toxicity*; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D008770:Methylnitrosourea