title: Coronary anomalies diagnosed with transesophageal echocardiography: complementary clinical value in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary arteriography remains a gold standard for the evaluation of coronary anatomy. In the case of anatomical anomalies, understanding of vessel course based upon a coronary angiogram may be difficult. Transesophageal echocardiography is a noninvasive method allowing tomographic visualization of proximal coronary arteries. Experience concerning its usefulness for the assessment of anomalous coronary arteries is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with confirmed coronary anomalies studied between 1993-96 were identified in the cohort of those undergoing transesophageal echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transesophageal echocardiography revealed potentially serious anomalies (origin of left or right coronary artery from contralateral aortic sinus) in 3 patients and benign in 8. Coronary ostia and proximal course could be delineated in all patients. Anatomical information was consistent between methods, except for a separate origin of the left anterior descending and circumflex artery, where the angiogram missed a very short common left main coronary artery in 2 patients. The relationship between the coronary arteries, aorta and pulmonary trunk was better defined by the echocardiogram. Doppler flow analysis allowed us to exclude anomaly-related flow disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transesophageal echocardiography can be considered as a noninvasive technique with the potential for anatomical and functional evaluation of anomalous proximal coronary arteries and deserves a routine use whenever such a condition is suspected. This approach may simplify invasive procedures in this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Dept, Medical University of Lódź, Poland. jdkasprzak@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kasprzak
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kratochwil
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Peruga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drozdz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rafalska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Religa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzemińska-Pakuła
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies