title: Dentin and pulp response to Erbium:YAG laser ablation: a preliminary evaluation of human teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the real effect of Erbium:YAG laser ablation on human teeth in vivo.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We advocated the idea that overheating of teeth, specially pulp damage can be avoided if correct laser parameters are used.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated human premolars scheduled for extraction during orthodontic treatment. Before tooth extraction, an oval cavity preparation was made with a pulsed Er:YAG laser. After extraction, the teeth were decalcified for 6 weeks. Routine staining with haematoxylin and eosin was performed on longitudinal section. One hundred seventy-two sections were prepared and examined in a light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under Er:YAG laser application, reduction of the dentin layer was observed. Dentinal tubules had a radial course up to the surface. No cracks or structural injury were observed. Inflammatory reaction in the pulp was not found. The vascularity of the pulp was normal. The odontoblasts were of the usual spindle-like or star-like cell shape. The cementum and epithelial attachment were healthy. No changes of structure or indications of inflammation were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this in vivo experiment on human teeth confirm safety of Er:YAG laser ablation of enamel and dentin under the conditions described.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dostálová
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jelínková
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krejsa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kubelka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Procházka
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Himmlová
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000528:radiation effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects; D004871:Erbium; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004871:Erbium