title: CD44 and CD69 represent different types of cell-surface activation markers for human eosinophils.
abstract: Eosinophils (EOS) purified from peripheral blood or late-phase bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were analyzed with 473 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the Fifth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Antigens in an attempt to identify markers of EOS activation. Two strategies were used: (1) to look for surface markers absent on fresh EOS but present after in vivo activation (e. g., in late-phase BAL fluid [BALF]) or after in vitro culture for up to 72 h with cytokines (<= 10 ng/ml of interleukin-3 [IL-3], IL-5, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]); and (2) to look for markers constitutively expressed on fresh EOS that were increased after activation in vivo or after culture in vitro. With indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, the first approach revealed that among approximately 350 mAbs tested, only those recognizing CD69 became bound to late-phase BALF EOS or cytokine-cultured EOS, but not to fresh EOS. Using the second approach, we observed statistically significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in CD44 expression in EOS cultured with IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF (approximately 2-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, P < 0.05), but not with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (up to 100 ng/ml), whereas levels of 15 other constitutively expressed markers were unchanged. Despite increased expression, neither fresh nor cytokine-cultured EOS adhered to immobilized hyaluronate, a ligand for CD44. Additionally, simultaneous comparison of hypodense (specific gravity < 1.085 g/liter) and normodense (specific gravity > 1.085 g/liter) EOS from allergic donors consistently revealed higher levels of CD44 expression (approximately 3- to 8-fold) but not CD69 expression on hypodense EOS. We conclude that CD69 and CD44 represent different types of activation markers for human EOS. These findings may be useful in assessing the state of EOS activation in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Appiah-Pippim
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bochner
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000494:pharmacology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D016207:Cytokines; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D015848:Interleukin-5; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000099192:CD69 Antigens