title: Diagnosis of stroke by the nonneurologist. A validation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first medical contact of an acute stroke victim is often a nonneurologist. Validation of stroke diagnosis made by these medical doctors is poorly known. The present study seeks to validate the stroke diagnoses made by general practitioners (GPs) and hospital emergency service physicians (ESPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation through direct interview and examination by a neurologist was performed for diagnoses of stroke made by GPs in patients under their care and doctors working at the emergency departments of 3 hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Validation of the GP diagnosis was confirmed in 44 cases (85%); 3 patients (6%) had transient ischemic attacks and 5 (9%) suffered from noncerebrovascular disorders. Validation of the ESP diagnosis was confirmed in 169 patients (91%); 16 (9%) had a noncerebrovascular diagnosis. Overall, the most frequent conditions misdiagnosed as stroke were neurological in nature (cerebral tumor, 3; subdural hematoma, 1; seizure, 1; benign paroxysmal postural vertigo, 1; peripheral facial palsy, 2; psychiatric condition, 6; and other medical disorders, 7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the majority of cases, nonneurologists (either GPs or ESPs) can make a correct diagnosis of acute stroke. Treatment of acute stroke with drugs that do not cause serious side effects can be started before evaluation by a neurologist and CT scan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. jferro@mail.telepac.pt
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canhão
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Salgado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009462:Neurology; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results