title: Clozapine treatment in Australia: a review of haematological monitoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug indicated for patients with schizophrenia in whom traditional antipsychotic drugs (such as haloperidol or the phenothiazines) are ineffective, or in those who experience intolerable adverse effects. Clozapine treatment may be complicated by the development of life-threatening agranulocytosis, so regular haematological monitoring is required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in Australia and the importance of monitoring white blood cell counts in patients treated with clozapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of haematological monitoring for the first three years (June 1993-July 1996) of operation of the Australian Clozaril (clozapine; Novartis Australia) Patient Monitoring System (CPMS) central database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 4061 patients prospectively monitored by the CPMS, the incidence of agranulocytosis, neutropenia and leukopenia combined was 2.6% (n = 104); the incidence of agranulocytosis was 0.9% (n = 37). So far there have been no deaths in Australia from the complications of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of agranulocytosis and neutropenia associated with clozapine use in Australia is similar to that in the rest of the world. Monitoring the white blood cell counts of patients being treated with clozapine ensures minimal risk to patients who develop agranulocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Melbourne. dlc@cortex.mhri.edu.au
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Copolov
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Keks
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Strazzeri
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine