title: Transforming growth factor beta's 1, 2 and 3 inhibit proliferation of ramified microglia on an astrocyte monolayer.
abstract: The transforming growth factor beta's (TGFbeta) are a multipotent family of cytokines with strong immunosuppressive and neurotrophic effects. In the current study, we examined the effect of the TGFbeta's 1, 2 and 3 on the proliferation of ramified microglia cultured on top of a confluent astrocyte monolayer. All three TGFbeta isoforms inhibited proliferation. PCR analysis also showed the presence of mRNA for the TGFbeta receptors type I and II and for all 3 TGFbeta isoforms in microglia, astrocytes and in co-cultures. Moreover, removal of this endogenous TGFbeta activity with antibodies against TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3 strongly stimulated microglial proliferation. These inhibitory effects on the proliferation of ramified microglia suggest that TGFbeta's may play an important role in the regulation of the microglial population under normal conditions and after injury or disease in the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuromorphology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kreutzberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raivich
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D001345:Autoradiography; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D017931:DNA Primers; D017628:Microglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D017931:DNA Primers; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C071736:betaglycan; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; C000625843:Tgfbr1 protein, rat