title: Treatment of liver metastases in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors demand differentiated therapeutic management due to the unique natural course and hormone secretion of the tumors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the prospective nonrandomized study was to review the institutional experience with surgical treatment of hepatic neuroendocrine metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1992 until March 1996 29 consecutive patients with neuroendocrine tumors have been evaluated for surgical treatment of liver metastases. Of them, 11 (37.9%) fulfilled criteria for surgical treatment of hepatic secondary tumors. Extensive preoperative workup was carried out. Patients were divided in groups for curative or palliative resection. Liver transplantation was carried out in selected patients with disseminated liver metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 29 patients 4 (13.7%) underwent curative resection and in 3 patients (10.3%) palliative resection was performed. The patients who underwent curative resection are all biochemically and clinically tumor free at a mean postoperative follow-up of 22.3 months. Two patients who underwent palliative resection are alive at 40 and 29 months, respectively. From 12 patients evaluated for liver transplantation 4 were considered as suitable candidates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver resection can be recommended in patients with hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors in terms of potential survival prolongation and palliation. Liver transplantation is generally acceptable treatment in highly selected group of these patients. Long-term results have to be awaited before definitive proof of the beneficial effect of surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frilling
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rogiers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malagó
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Liedke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaun
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Broelsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D010166:Palliative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome