title: Morphological changes of human erythrocytes induced by cholesterol sulphate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morphological alterations of human erythrocytes induced by cholesterol sulphate (5-cholesten-3 beta-ol sulphate, CS) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Influence of CS on red blood cell stability (in isotonic conditions) by simultaneous application of flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In isotonic medium CS induces erythrocyte size and shape changes in dose-and time-dependent manner. Incubation (in vitro) of erythrocytes with CS concentrations from 4 x 10(-5) mol/dm3 to 8 x 10(-5) mol/dm3 led to a progressive sphero-echinocitic shape transformation accompanied by a cell size decrease. In contrast to this, for CS content equal to 1 x 10(-5) mol/dm3 the maintenance of the normal biconcave shape of red blood cells was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that CS, similarly to numerous evaginating amphiphilic agents, induces a transformation of the erythrocyte normal discoid shape to echinocytic form. This effect may be caused, at least partly, by an asymmetric expansion of the membrane lipid bilayer due to asymmetric distribution of CS incorporated into the membrane. The echinocytic shape transformation of erythrocytes indicated that CS intercalates in the outer hemileaflet of the lipid bilayer leading to membrane externalization.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Przybylska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaborowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swietosławski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryszewska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; C007045:cholesteryl sulfate