title: Combined supra/infratentorial-transsinus approach to large pineal region tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to confirm that the combined supra/infratentorial-transsinus approach offers a safer means of resecting large pineal region tumors than other approaches currently being used. The aforementioned method provides a wider exposure of the pineal region with less brain retraction than the infratentorial-supracerebellar or the occipital-transtentorial approach alone and is applicable to some large and giant tumors of this area. This combined approach was used in six patients to remove large pineal region tumors including four tentorial meningiomas, one pineocytoma, and one epidermoid cyst.
  
  
  METHODS
  The transverse sinus and tentorium were sectioned after review of preoperative angiographic studies, after taking intraoperative measurements of the venous pressure in the nondominant transverse sinus before and after clipping and while monitoring the somatosensory evoked potentials. The occipital lobe cortex and cerebellum were retracted slightly along the tentorium. Deep veins of the galenic system, the quadrigeminal area, and the tumor were well exposed. Before it was used for tumor resection the approach was studied in five cadaveric head specimens, and the projection of different approaches was compared radiologically. The tumors were removed in a gross-total manner in all patients, and none of the major veins of the galenic system was injured. Resuturing of the nondominant transverse sinus was performed postoperatively in one patient. One of the six patients experienced transient visual loss, and another suffered mild right sixth cranial nerve paresis; however, both recovered in 3 weeks. The wide exposure of the combined approach was also confirmed on radiological and anatomical studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined supra/infratentorial-transsinus approach is preferred for the resection of certain large pineal region tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ziyal
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sekhar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Olan
mesh_terms: D000010:Abducens Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000473:pathology; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004814:Epidermal Cyst / Q000601:surgery; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010871:Pinealoma / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014690:Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology