title: Potential regulatory elements for germline transcription in or near murine Sgamma1.
abstract: We were interested in identifying cis-acting elements that regulate germline transcription and switch recombination of heavy chain genes. The murine gamma1 heavy chain gene includes two DNase I hypersensitive sites, which may represent protein:DNA interactions important for germline transcription and switch recombination. One DNase hypersensitive site is at the promoter/I exon boundary (termed 'Site I'); we localized a second pair of DNase hypersensitive sites to just 5' of the Sgamma1 region (termed 'Site II'). The DNA region of hypersensitive Site II includes a NF-kappaB/Rel binding site and a STAT6 binding site. It is noteworthy that NF-kappaB and STAT6 are induced by the same agents (CD40 ligation and IL-4 respectively) that stimulate germline transcription and switch recombination of the murine gamma1 gene. Transgenes with the gamma1 promoter region (DNase hypersensitive Site I), Igamma1 and DNase I hypersensitive Site II expressed germline transcripts with correct regulation, including IL-4 inducibility. However, the level of stable transcripts produced by the transgenes was much lower than that of the endogenous gamma1 gene, a complete 17 kb gamma1 transgene or a derivative of the 17 kb gamma1 transgene that lacked most of Cgamma1. The promoter/Igamma1/Site II transgenes lacked Sgamma1 and we found that gamma1 transgenes that lacked only Sgamma1 also expressed germline transcripts with proper regulation, but at a low level. This suggested that the Sgamma1 region includes positive elements for regulation of the amount of germline transcripts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0620, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackerly
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dunnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I