Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a new insight into an old enigma.
OBJECTIVE
To relay the current knowledge on the interaction between cytokines, growth factors, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and to propose a new insight into the pathogenesis of OHSS.


METHODS
Major studies that have reported on the association between cytokines, growth factors, and OHSS were identified through MEDLINE searches and through the published literature.


RESULTS
Several cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, were found to have a role, either in the prediction or pathogenesis of OHSS. Moreover, intravenous immunoglobulin, which has an anticytokine nature and inhibits the secretion of various cytokines, was shown to prevent the development of OHSS.


CONCLUSIONS
Current knowledge indicates a close interaction between cytokines, growth factors, and OHSS. Further understanding of these interactions may lead to different understanding of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Orvieto
R
R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Ben-Rafael
Z
Z
D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D016207:Cytokines; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors