title: Geometric and dosimetric analysis of multileaf collimation conformity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is concern over the stepped edges of multileaf collimator (MLC) fields for target coverage compared with those of cerrobend. Despite recent reports dispelling this concern, users are still cautious when using MLCs for small fields. Leaf orientation can be a problem if one is required to orient the leaves along an axis not ideal for conformity (such as dynamic or universal wedge cases). In this study we examined the dependence of MLC field conformity on field size and elongation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined circles of varying diameter and ellipses of varying eccentricity with leaves oriented along the major and minor axes of ellipses. The tests were both geometric, comparing areas of overblocking or underblocking (leaves inside and outside the field), and dosimetric, using radiographic films at depth in the beam's eye view plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the geometric comparison there is a rapid increase in non-conformity, defined as the percentage of overblocking or underblocking area, as the circle diameter decreases. For ellipses, when the leaves move along one axis direction, the conformity does not depend on the diameter of the same axis, but instead improves as the dimension of the axis in the non-leaf motion direction increases. The best conformity is achieved when the maximum number of leaves is used to shape the field. When the dosimetry is analyzed, the predictability of these trends decreases due to the impact of undulations (scatter), leaf inaccuracies and dosimetric uncertainties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that for small round fields MLC should be used with caution and that for ellipses the direction of leaf movement should be aligned with the minor axis whenever possible. Though these experiments are for idealized geometries, the observations can be applied to clinical fields. An MLC with a thinner leaf width could be beneficial for small round fields.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: X R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results