title: The association of large ovarian cysts with cloacal exstrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cloacal exstrophy can now be managed with excellent survival rates and reasonable long-term outcomes with many of these patients living into their late teens and early adulthood. In this report, the authors describe for the first time the association of large ovarian cysts with cloacal exstrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1974 to 1996, 12 patients with cloacal exstrophy have been treated at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. Massive ovarian cysts developed in four of these. These patients represent the subjects of this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four patients have been followed up beyond puberty and massive ovarian cysts have developed, which have caused significant morbidity. Three patients have required surgical intervention. All the patients had reached menarche before the development of the cysts. In all cases, the presentation was severe pelvic pain. Urinary tract obstruction from the large pelvic cysts developed in three of the four. The cysts were bilateral in three of four patients and measured 8 to 10 cm in diameter on ultrasound scan or computed tomography (CT). Cyst aspiration was attempted in two cases and was unsuccessful. Three of the four patients have required bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The indications for surgery were uncontrollable pelvic pain in one and urinary obstruction and uncontrollable pelvic pain in two. Surgical findings demonstrated massive thin-walled cysts with essentially no normal ovarian tissue in association with duplicated mullerian structures. The pathology findings were corpus luteal cyst in two and mucinous cystadenoma in one. The fourth patient with an 8- x 10-cm unilateral cyst is being followed up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors have described, for the first time, the association of massive ovarian cysts with cloacal exstrophy. These cysts can lead to severe pelvic pain and urinary tract obstruction. Bilateral oophorectomy has been required in most of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Coran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed