title: At reduced temperature, endocytic membrane traffic is blocked in multivesicular carrier endosomes in rat cardiac myocytes.
abstract: Temperatures around 20 degrees C are known to block degradation of endocytosed material by preventing its transport to lysosomes, accordingly reduced temperature has been widely used to define endosomes. Newer studies have revealed that the low temperature block is proximal to perinuclear late endosomes, but it is not clear whether the block is already in early endosomes, or whether the traffic proceeds to multivesicular carrier endosomes which mediate transport from early to late compartments. We have now focused on this problem using rat cardiac myocytes. First, cell fractionation on Percoll gradients showed that at reduced temperatures (22 degrees C and 26 degrees C), with prolonged chase periods, endocytosed horseradish peroxidase was able to proceed from early endosomes to later compartments but not up to lysosomes. Further, microscopic experiments with fluorescent endocytic marker FITC-dextran showed that the marker did not accumulate in the perinuclear area, as was the case at 37 degrees C, but stayed in peripheral cytoplasm at reduced temperatures, even after 16-h chase. Second, electron microscopic pulse labeling showed that, at 22 degrees C, endocytosed gold particles (BSA-gold) are transported to compartments not accessible to HRP internalised later to early endosomes. Thus, these gold particles had reached a later compartment. Morphologically these vesicles were multivesicular bodies of 0.5-1 microm in diameter. Third, we used fluorescence microscopy to study the effect of reduced temperature on transferrin uptake and recycling. At 17 degrees C and 22 degrees C, transferrin was internalized normally to peripheral (sorting) and perinuclear (recycling) vesicles. If transferrin was first taken up at 37 degrees C, and the cells were then chased at various temperatures from 37 degrees C to 17 degrees C, the recycling was slowed down but not entirely blocked at the reduced temperatures. From these results we can conclude that (1) endocytic traffic is blocked in multivesicular carrier endosomes at and below 26 degrees C, and that (2) reduced temperature slows down transport in the recycling pathway, without a complete block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Punnonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryhänen
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Marjomäki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins