title: [Comprehensive approach to cerebral palsy: changes of concept in Japan].
abstract: Cerebral palsy is associated not merely with impairments of posture and locomotion, but also with various other problems. Medical illnesses should be treated by an adequate system. Emotional disturbances require a psychological support. Communication disorders may be overcome with proper modern equipments Perceptional deficits and sensory impairments should also be addressed. Care systems for physically handicapped children in Japan were established by the concept of ryoiku, a term in Japanese created about fifty years ago by K. Takagi, Professor of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Tokyo. This term can hardly be translated into English, bot in my view stands for a comprehensive approach comprising orthopedic treatments, educational programs and vocational trainings. Based on this concept, Dr. Takagi founded an institution for the physically handicapped in 1942; followed by establishment of similar institutions in all areas of Japan after World War II. Despite its historical role, ryoiku does not meet any more the current standard of care for cerebral palsy. We need now a new comprehensive term and management systems. A novel medical subdivision "medicine for developmental handicaps" may also be necessory. In this paper I made an overview of current problems of children and adults with cerebral palsy. I proposed a new concept of ryoiku and emphasized the need for the new medicine to treat developmental handicaps.
authors.affiliation: National Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, Tokyo.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D003191:Comprehensive Health Care; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D012944:Social Support