title: High levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and semen of seropositive men in sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: High levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, as reflected in HIV-1 RNA concentrations in blood and semen, probably contribute to both rapid disease progression and enhanced sexual transmission. Semen and blood were collected from 49 Malawian and 61 US and Swiss (US/Swiss) HIV-1-seropositive men with similar CD4 cell counts and no urethritis or exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Median seminal plasma and blood plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations were >3-fold (P = .034) and 5-fold (P = .0003) higher, respectively, in the Malawian men. Similar differences were observed in subsets of the Malawian and US/Swiss study groups matched individually for CD4 cell count (P = .035 and P < .002, respectively). These observations may help explain the high rates of HIV-1 sexual transmission and accelerated HIV-1 disease progression in sub-Saharan Africa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7030, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kazembe
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Vernazza
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gilliam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zimba
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Royce
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schock
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fiscus
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral