title: Clinical characteristics and biopsy specimen features in African-American and white men without prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported incidence of prostate cancer is higher among African-American men than among white men. We conducted a study of African-American and white men without prostate cancer to determine whether clinical and histologic findings might be associated with racial differences in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1990 through March 1997, 493 (59.5%) of 829 African-American men and 736 (74.1%) of 993 white men who had elevated serum PSA levels (> or = 4.0 ng/mL) and/or abnormal digital rectal examinations and who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies were found to be without prostate cancer. Also reviewed were patients' age and race, indication for biopsy, histologic features of the prostate biopsy specimen, ultrasound-measured prostate volume, PSA density (i.e., the PSA level divided by the prostate volume), and (in some cases) serum testosterone levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among these men without prostate cancer, there were no statistically significant differences by race in the ages of the patients, their prostate volumes, or their serum testosterone levels; however, the mean serum PSA levels and PSA densities were significantly higher in African-American men than in white men (two-sided P values of .00003 and .000009, respectively). A higher proportion of African-American men than white men had inflammation in their prostate biopsy specimen, and men of both races with prostate inflammation had higher PSA values than those without inflammation. African-American men without inflammation had higher PSA values than white men without inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, African-American men without histologic evidence of prostate cancer had significantly higher PSA levels and PSA densities than similarly aged white men. This finding was not accounted for by racial differences in patients' age, serum testosterone level, or prostate volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Overton Brooks Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eastham
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whatley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Venable
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sartor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D044383:Black People; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen