title: Prevention of halothane-induced bradycardia: is intranasal premedication indicated?
abstract: Eighty ambulatory surgical patients with ASA physical status 1 and 2, aged 1-10 years, were studied. One group received intranasal (IN) midazolam 0.25 mg.kg-1; a second group received IN 0.25 mg.kg-1 of midazolam plus 0.02 mg.kg-1 of atropine; the third group received 0.25 mg.kg-1 of midazolam plus 0.02 mg.kg-1 of atropine administered intramuscularly, and the fourth group received IN saline drops. All patients were anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane administered via mask. Heart rate (HR) was recorded every minute up to start of surgery. Children receiving midazolam had better preoperative sedation and anaesthesia induction scores. The IN administration of neither midazolam alone nor midazolam-atropine altered the incidence or degree of halothane-induced bradycardia.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departmento de Anestesiología, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reinoso-Barbero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Márquez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díez-Labajo
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D001285:Atropine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen; D006221:Halothane