title: The expression of the essential nuclear splicing factor SC35 is altered by human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: In order to identify cellular genes differentially expressed during human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, we conducted a screen using differential display. The sequence of one of the clones, 0085, was identical to a sequence present in the RNA splicing factor SC35. Since splicing is an essential point of control during HIV gene expression, we carried out additional experiments to examine SC35 expression during HIV infection. RNA blots confirmed that SC35 RNA was induced following HIV infection; a 2-3-fold increase in expression of SC35 RNA was detected by day 2 of HIV infection. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting revealed concomitant increases in SC35 protein and double staining studies demonstrated that increases in SC35 protein occurred specifically in the HIV-infected cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed SC35 was associated with 2 microm 'nuclear speckles' in both infected and uninfected cells, suggesting that increases in SC35 accumulated in these nuclear structures and that HIV infection did not alter the intracellular distribution of SC35. These findings indicate that an essential splicing factor is induced after HIV infection, suggesting that the consequences of HIV infection include alterations in relative levels of a splicing factor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maldarelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chamoun
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zeichner
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015870:Gene Expression; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; C073288:SRSF2 protein, human; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D015215:Zidovudine