title: Spread of colorectal cancer micrometastases in regional lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions for carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 20.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lymph node metastasis is known as a significant predictor of prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Recently, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been applied to detecting micrometastasis. To assess the risk of recurrence and accurately determine the spread of tumor cells, we examined lymph node micrometastases in a series of colorectal cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 202 lymph nodes obtained from 13 colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative operation and were histologically diagnosed to be node-negative, using RT-PCR to amplify mRNAs for two epithelial markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the cases, including early stage patients, had micrometastases. A total of 102 among 202 lymph nodes (50.5%) were positive for either CEA or CK-20, or both (47.0, 40.1, and 36.6% respectively). Positive lymph nodes were spread along the courses of vascular trunks as well as being located in more distant regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in histologically negative lymph nodes, there is a considerable possibility that micrometastases may exist. Their detection by RT-PCR may improve clinical staging and indications for cancer therapy. We should also take care in the choice of surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan. 2geka@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Futamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koumura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanemura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D053554:Keratin-20; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C507499:KRT20 protein, human; D053554:Keratin-20; D012333:RNA, Messenger