title: Dose-related efficacy of budesonide administered via a dry powder inhaler in the treatment of children with moderate to severe persistent asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of budesonide delivered by an inhalation-driven dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) in children with moderate to severe persistent asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study, a total of 404 children with asthma, who were aged 6 to 18 years and who had been receiving inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy, were randomly assigned to receive either 100, 200, or 400 micrograms of budesonide or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. At baseline, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 74.6% (range, 30.7% to 123.3%) of the predicted normal value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in each of the three budesonide treatment groups showed significant dose-related improvements in lung function (morning peak expiratory flow and FEV1), in asthma symptoms, and with a significant decrease in inhaled beta 2-agonist use in comparison with placebo. Improvements were evident within 2 weeks and were maintained throughout the 12 weeks. Budesonide treatment had no significant effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, and the incidence of reported adverse events was similar in all treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Budesonide administered via a dry powder inhaler provided dose-related improvements in lung function and clinical status and was well tolerated by children (6 to 18 years of age) with moderate to severe persistent asthma.
authors.affiliation: Carolina Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bronsky
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: LaForce
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Szefler
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D011208:Powders; D019819:Budesonide; D006854:Hydrocortisone