title: Hypoxia down-regulates MCP-1 expression: implications for macrophage distribution in tumors.
abstract: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is likely to contribute to the macrophage infiltrate in human ovarian carcinomas. Although MCP-1 is predominantly expressed by the tumor parenchyma, macrophages accumulate at highest density in necrotic regions, which are associated with low oxygen tensions. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) can stimulate MCP-1 production and is also present within ovarian carcinomas. We have investigated the effect of hypoxia both on MCP-1 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and monocyte migration. Hypoxia down-regulated TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 mRNA and protein production by ovarian cancer cells. The effect was mimicked by cobalt chloride and desferrioxamine, consistent with a specific oxygen-sensing mechanism. Unlike antioxidants, hypoxia did not inhibit nuclear factor KB mobilization. Monocyte migration in response to MCP-1 was also diminished under hypoxic conditions. Down-regulation of MCP-1 expression and the inhibition of monocyte migration are independent effects of hypoxia that may contribute to the distribution of macrophages within ovarian tumors.
authors.affiliation: Biological Therapies Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Negus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Balkwill
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002460:Cell Line; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010100:Oxygen