title: Chronic hepatitis in children after liver transplantation: role of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic graft hepatitis occurs in 20-30% adults after liver transplantation but the prevalence and causes in children are not known. In adults, hepatitis C virus infection is prevalent prior to transplantation and recurrent infection is a frequent cause of graft dysfunction. The significance of the recently described hepatitis G virus infection remains unproven. The aim of this study was to examine the role of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus infection in chronic graft hepatitis after paediatric liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of graft hepatitis and the role of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus infections in 80 children after liver transplantation have been studied, with a median follow up of 4.4 years (range 0.4 to 10.7), and the persistence of hepatitis G infection in the presence of immunosuppression has been determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic graft hepatitis was diagnosed in 19/80 (24%) children and was most frequently seen in children transplanted for cryptogenic cirrhosis (71%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis in those transplanted before or after donor anti-HCV screening. Hepatitis C infection occurred in three children transplanted prior to donor screening but in only one was associated with chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis G infection was found in 22/79 (28%) transplant recipients but was not associated with graft hepatitis. In 17/21 children hepatitis G infection persisted for a median of 5.2 years after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic hepatitis occurred in 24% of children after liver transplantation, a similar prevalence to that in adults. Cryptogenic liver disease predisposed to graft hepatitis, but neither hepatitis C nor hepatitis G infection was associated. Hepatitis G virus caused a frequent and usually persistent infection after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: The Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Collingham
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Irving
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hubscher
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018067:Flaviviridae; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral