title: Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals. A new culture for the community pharmacist.
abstract: Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals are of concern for pharmacists. Different countries have different ways of organising their health care systems. The place for pharmaceuticals within these systems also differ. This article looks into the price- and reimbursement systems for medicinal products in Germany, Sweden, the UK and Norway. Various ways of organising the pharmaceutical market emerge. Some existing measures have been in place for a long time while others have been introduced more recently. A common goal for the four countries seems to be the drive to cut costs, and attempts to do this can be directed through various reimbursement systems, by focusing on prices or by influencing the physicians' prescribing behaviour, either through the use of advice or through the use of budgets. It is important for the pharmacists to have in-depth knowledge of the price- and reimbursement system they have to work within in order to be of full service to their customers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Toverud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grund
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brinchmann
mesh_terms: D016527:Drug Costs; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D005858:Germany; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D009664:Norway; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms / Q000639:trends*; D013548:Sweden; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations