title: Structure elucidation of sphingolipids from the mycopathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: an immunodominant beta-galactofuranose residue is carried by a novel glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide antigen.
abstract: Two major acidic glycolipid components (Pb-1 and Pb-2) have been extracted from the mycopathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic to rural areas of South and Central America. Sera of all patients exhibiting paracoccidioidomycosis were found to be reactive with Pb-1, but not with Pb-2; no reactivity was observed with sera of healthy patients or those with histoplasmosis [Toledo, M. S., Suzuki, S., Straus, A. H., and Takahashi, H. K. (1995) J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 33, 247-251]. We report here the complete structure elucidation of both P. brasiliensis glycolipids using monosaccharide, fatty acid, sphingosine, and inositol component analysis by GC-MS; 1H- and 31P NMR spectroscopy; ESI-MS and -MS/CID-MS, linkage analysis, and exoglycosidase digestion. The compounds were found to be glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) with the following structures: Pb-2, Manpalpha1-->3Manpalpha1-->2Ins1-P-1Cer; and Pb-1, Manpalpha1-->3[Galfbeta1-->6]Manpalpha1-->2Ins1- P-1Cer. The serologically nonreactive Pb-2 appears to be a biosynthetic intermediate between mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC), which is widely distributed among fungi, and the antigenic Pb-1. Pb-1 is a novel glycosphingolipid, similar to a triglycosyl IPC (Hc-VI) reported from Histoplasma capsulatum [Barr, K., Laine, R.A, and Lester, R. L. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5589-5596], but differing in the anomeric configuration of the terminal Galf1-->6 residue, which is immunodominant. The significance of these structures as serological and taxonomic markers, as well as their potential utility as targets for immunodiagnostic agents, is discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia/Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Levery
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D002518:Ceramides; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D005690:Galactose