title: Morphine-conditioned changes in locomotor activity: role of the conditioned stimulus.
abstract: When a multisensory environment was reliably paired with morphine (2 mg/kg) in rats, that environment, in a drug-free test, evoked a hyperactive conditioned response (CR). When an olfactory cue (banana odor) was the only stimulus element reliably paired with morphine, it also elicited a hyperactive CR. However, a gustatory cue (saccharin solution) evoked a hypoactive CR. This taste-elicited decrease in activity was dose dependent; morphine at 2 and 4 mg/kg conditioned hypoactivity, whereas a higher dose (8 mg/kg) did not. A robust conditioned saccharin aversion occurred only at the highest dose of morphine, suggesting disassociation between the hypoactive CR and taste aversion. A taste cue present during context conditioning also prevented either acquisition or expression of the hyperactive CR to the context. The modality of the conditioned stimulus is a critical determinant of the form of the CR in a morphine locomotor conditioning paradigm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-0308, USA. rbevins@unlinfo.unl.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bevins
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bardo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine