title: Cytokine autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis, aseptic meningitis and stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have recently described the induction of anti-cytokine autoantibodies during bacterial infections and autoimmune diseases as a mechanism for cytokine regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we study the occurrence of autoantibodies to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis, aseptic meningitis and stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased levels of autoantibodies to interferon gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 were detected in both compartments of multiple sclerosis and aseptic meningitis patients. Interestingly, in cerebrospinal fluid from stroke patients, only autoantibodies to interleukin 4 and interleukin 10, but not interferon alpha or tumour necrosis factor alpha were detected. No significant autoantibody levels were registered in plasma from stroke patients against all four cytokines compared with healthy control subjects. The latter revealed very low autoantibody levels in plasma and no detectable autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show for the first time the occurrence of cytokine autoantibodies in these diseases, but their biological significance is unclear.
authors.affiliation: Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Elkarim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kivisäkk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhiet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma