title: The relationship between psychological distress and gastrointestinal symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are reported to experience more symptoms compatible with psychopathologic disorders, abnormal personality traits, and psychological distress. Conversely, individuals with psychiatric disorders report higher levels of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms compatible with IBS. Thus, psychological distress may contribute to GI symptoms in individuals with IBS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine psychological distress in women with IBS, women with similar GI symptoms but not diagnosed (IBS nonpatients, IBS-NP), and asymptomatic Control women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The women (N=97) were interviewed, completed questionnaires, and maintained daily diaries for 2 months. Across-women and within-woman analyses were used to calculate the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IBS and IBS-NP groups had a higher percentage of lifetime psychopathology and recalled psychological distress. At least 40% of the women in the IBS and IBS-NP groups had positive relationships between daily psychological distress and daily GI symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological distress is an important component of the IBS symptom experience and should be considered when treatment strategies are designed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. jarrett@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heitkemper
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuftin
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires