title: Once-weekly fluconazole (450 mg) for 4, 6, or 9 months of treatment for distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenail.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluconazole is a bis-triazole antifungal agent approved for the treatment of oropharyngeal, esophageal, and vaginal candidiasis, serious systemic candidal infections, and cryptococcal meningitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate three different durations of once-weekly fluconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail caused by dermatophytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial, 384 patients with distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenail received fluconazole, 450 mg once weekly, or placebo for 4, 6, or 9 months. For inclusion, patients were required to have mycologically confirmed distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenail with a large toenail at least 25% clinically affected but having at least 2 mm of healthy nail between the nail fold and the proximal onychomycotic border. Efficacy was assessed by clinical and mycologic (microscopic and microbiologic) measures at screening, at every treatment visit starting at month 3, and at months 2, 4, and 6 after therapy. Observed or volunteered adverse events were recorded and classified at all visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of treatment, very significantly superior clinical and mycologic results were achieved in all fluconazole groups compared with placebo (p=0.0001). This superiority was largely maintained over 6 months of follow-up. The clinical and mycologic responses of the 9-month treatment duration were significantly superior to the 4- and 6-month durations. Similar percentages of patients in the fluconazole and placebo groups reported adverse experiences for all three durations of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study support the efficacy and safety of fluconazole in the treatment of distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Swinyer
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Jarratt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falo
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tharp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalivas
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Asarch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Leyden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pariser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pariser
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Thiers
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Babel
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Eaglstein
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falanga
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bergfeld
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hanifin
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole