title: Olanzapine in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the response to olanzapine in 14 consecutive patients with bipolar I disorder who were inadequately responsive to standard psychotropic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with bipolar I disorder by DSM-IV criteria experiencing persistent affective symptoms inadequately responsive to at least one standard mood stabilizer were treated with open-label olanzapine by one of the authors. Response was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale modified for use in bipolar disorder (CGI-BP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 14 patients received olanzapine at a mean (SD dosage of 14.1+/-7.2 (range 5-30) mg/day for a mean+/-SD of 101.4+/-56.3 (range 30-217) days of treatment. Of the 14 patients, 8 (57%) displayed much or very much overall improvement in their illness. In general, olanzapine was well tolerated. The most common side effects were sedation, tremor, dry mouth, and appetite stimulation with weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data were obtained nonblindly and without a randomized control group, and olanzapine was added to ongoing psychotropic regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olanzapine may have antimanic and mood-stabilizing effects in some patients with bipolar disorder, and is generally well tolerated. Controlled studies of olanzapine in bipolar disorder appear warranted.
authors.affiliation: Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Denicoff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Altshuler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nolen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kupka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suppes
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Leverich
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Kmetz
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D000077152:Olanzapine